cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theology in an Exegetical Context: Bucer on Ephesians 1:3–6 and the Doctrine of Election

Bucer’s treatment of Ephesians 1:3–6 forms a combination of exegesis and theological formulation. In these verses Bucer identifies the first locus in Paul’s wider argument, the doctrine of election. In his treatment of the text, Bucer clearly displayed all the marks of biblical humanist exegetical method that he set forth in his prefatory lectures, but beyond that we can also observe the combination of exegesis and theology that makes his treatment an inseparable combination of both. In his general pattern of treatment, there is nothing particularly remarkable when it is viewed in a comparative framework of Chrysostom (and other Patristic exegetes), Aquinas (and other medieval exegetes), Erasmus (and other contemporary Catholic exegetes) and Calvin (and other Protestant or evangelical exegetes). Yet in his attention to Paul’s letter as a theological compendium, and in his effort to pattern his own lectures as the same, Bucer’s treatment does have a distinctive character, and the method and purpose of his theology is distinctively that of biblical humanism.
Anti-TNF agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and malignant melanoma—challenges in management

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the gut that occur in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental triggers. Several immunosuppressive agents have been successfully used for induction and maintenance treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. These include steroids, thiopurines, methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) alpha agents, anti-alpha 4 integrins, and anti-IL-12/23 agent to name a few. There are also limited data on novel approaches including thalidomide and stem cell transplant. In spite of the significant successes associated with these agents, numerous malignancies have been associated with their use. Lymphomas including hepatosplenic T cell lymphomas, non-melanoma skin cancers and, more recently, melanoma have been described, specifically with anti-TNF. We reviewed the available published literature on melanoma in IBD, melanoma associated with anti-TNF, and the data on other treatment options in patients with IBD. In addition, we also reviewed the limited data on the gut specific integrin-vedolizumab. This may provide an additional option in the management of the subset of patients with IBD and melanoma. Options for treatment of IBD should be based on the stage of melanoma, control of IBD, and patient preferences. It should involve shared decision-making and close interdisciplinary follow-up between the IBD physician and the dermatologist, preferably with expertise in the management of melanoma. Treatment choices in patients with IBD and melanoma are challenging. There is very limited data providing guidance in this subset of patients. As such, treatment and follow-up should be individualized, extensively discussed with patients and their families as appropriate, and done in conjunction with a close follow-up by gastroenterologist and dermatologist.
Neuropsychological profiles III: Parkinsonian disorders, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington's disease

This chapter focuses on Parkinsonian disorders, corticobasal degeneration, and Huntington's disease. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with prominent motor symptoms, in which patients may also experience neuropsychological and psychiatric dysfunction. It is an age-related disorder, affecting less than 0.001% of persons below age 50 but increasing to 1% of those over age 60 and 2.5% of those over age 85. It is slightly more common in men than in women and increased risk of PD has been associated with rural living, farming, and exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and well water, possibly because of increased exposure to environmental neurotoxins. Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disease, which causes impairment in movement and neuropsychological function, often accompanied by psychiatric abnormality. The disease most frequently becomes clinically symptomatic in middle-aged individuals but occasionally is not diagnosed until older adulthood. Dysfunction in basal ganglia–thalamocortical pathways plays a major role in the movement, neuropsychological, and psychiatric abnormalities associated with HD. Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare disorder involving progressive dysfunction in the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia, with initial symptoms being most common after age 60. Motor symptoms are often asymmetric, with either the right or the left side being more affected, and may include rigidity, tremor, and dystonia—abnormal posturing of the limbs. Symptoms of cortical sensory loss, such as impaired tactile or visual discrimination, are common early in the disorder.
Computers in Tests and Measurement Courses

(1980). Computers in Tests and Measurement Courses. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 51, Including Leisure Today, pp. 73-76.
Depressive Disorders in Children and Adolescents

This chapter reviews the current literature on evidence-based treatments for child and adolescent depression. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are the two orientations with sufficient research support to earn a well-established treatment classification. Therefore, the literature is summarized regarding several CBT and IPT modalities (e.g., group-only, individual-only) and specific protocols (e.g., Penn Prevention Program, Adolescents Coping with Depression). The authors update the most recent published systematic review by completing a search of the literature published since 2007, which resulted in eight additional studies meeting inclusion criteria. Although these studies did not change any of the modality and protocol classifications, they provide important information on the general efficacy of IPT and CBT treatment orientations. In addition, evidence of clinical significance is illustrated by presenting one exemplary study for CBT and one for IPT. To supplement the evidence-based classification of treatments, studies that examined the comparative effects between CBT and IPT with other active treatments (e.g., usual care, psychopharmacological) are reviewed, as well as meta-analytic studies focusing on youth depression. Finally, strengths and areas of need for depression programs are considered in terms of key external validity dimensions employing the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) model. Keywords: depressive disorders; children and adolescents; evidence-based; efficacy; effectiveness; transportability
Changes in d(-)-β-Hydroxybutyric Dehydrogenase Activity during Brain Maturation in the Rat

Abstract Mature and immature rat brain mitochondria exhibit marked differences in the rates of oxygen consumption and phosphorylation with dl-β-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. Directly assayed dl-β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity is 3 to 4 times greater at 15 days than at 180 days of age. This difference is observed also in mitochondrial preparations that have undergone sonic oscillation and is maintained at saturating levels of NAD+. Mixtures of sonically disrupted mitochondria from mature and immature brain exhibit completely additive enzyme activities. The high activity in the immature brain mitochondria has been found to be specific for d(-)-β-hydroxybutyrate. Brain β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity is low in the immediate postnatal period, rises together with cytochrome oxidase during the first 30 days of life, and then, in contrast to cytochrome oxidase, progressively falls again to the low level of adult brain. The enzyme activity is, therefore, maximal during the period of most rapid growth and maturation of the brain.
Interactions of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Complement Proteins

This chapter briefly reviews some salient features of complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis. It discusses the inhibitory mechanisms attributed to specific pneumococcal proteins and polysaccharides, and reviews the human immunodeficiencies of particular relevance to complement-mediated killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Traditionally, the binding of complement protein C1q to the Fc portion of either pentavalent immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG initiates the classical complement pathway. The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complex, composed of three to six subunits of MBL, preferentially recognizes mannose, mannans, and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The integrity of the alternative complement pathway is thought to be critical for those hosts lacking type-specific anticapsular antibodies or proteins required for classical pathway activation (e.g., C2). Comparative studies of pneumococcal bacteremia in C57BL/6 mice genetically deficient in C1q, factor B (encoded by Bf), C3, C4, or natural IgM pointed to the importance of the classical complement pathway in the absence of IgG. Exponentially growing wild-type S. pneumoniae strains of serotypes 3, 4, and 14 are able to degrade both α- and β-chains of purified human C3 in the absence of other serum proteins. The release of pneumolysin (Ply) during autolysis leads to the activation of the classical complement pathway, possibly through the binding of the Fc portion of IgG. At least six pneumococcal proteins—pneumolysin, PhpA, Hic, PspC (CbpA/SpsA/PbcA), PspA, and CppA—are now known to interfere with complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytic killing.
Responsive Web Design for Libraries: A LITA Guide by Matthew Reidsma

In today’s world, people expect information to literally be at their fingertips. Gone are the days of merely staring at a desktop monitor to search the Web. Instead, many are using laptops, tablets...
Application of tissue culture methods to the study of viral infections.

In conclusion, it is to be emphasized that the observations here reviewed represent the experience in one laboratory with tissue culture methods as applied to the study of viruses that infect man. In other laboratories culture methods are being applied successfully to the same as well as to quite dissimilar objectives, such as the search for antiviral substances or the study of the role of essential tissue metabolites in the growth of viruses. With the continuing improvements in tissue culture methodology, it is becoming increasingly evident that the virologist has available a simple in vitro technic that is an invaluable supplement to the more commonly employed procedures of animal and egg inoculation.
Calibration services to provide traceability in high-voltage impulse testing to conform with ISO/IEC requirements

The ISO Quality Standards, coupled with the publication of new technical standards, have led to an increased interest in the traceability of measurements. This paper presents a detailed description of the capabilities of NRC to provide simultaneous comparative measurements which is the reference method for qualifying impulse voltage measuring systems. This paper describes the measuring systems in use at NRC for calibrating client's measuring systems, either at NRC or at the client's site. Methods of making comparative measurement are reviewed and results from comparative measurements made using a variety of recording instruments are summarized. Recent measurements at NRC are reported to show the accuracy which can be achieved in comparative measurements. The uncertainty of one type of measuring system in use at NRC is estimated from international comparisons. Present work in IEEE and IEC is reviewed to predict the likely developments over the next few years.
Non-trauma mortality in elderly women with low bone mineral density

Abstract 9704 ambulatory women aged 65 years or older were prospectively studied to determine whether low bone mineral density (osteopenia) was associated with mortality. Bone mineral density was measured at entry to the study by single-photon absorptiometry. 299 women died during a mean of 2·8 years' follow-up. Osteopenia was associated with increased non-trauma mortality, probably because it is a marker for several other adverse factors. Each standard deviation decrease in proximal radius bone mineral density (0·104 g/cm 2 ) was associated with a 1·19-fold increase in mortality (95% confidence interval 1·04-1·36), adjusted for age and duration of follow-up. Diminished bone mineral density at the proximal radius was strongly associated with deaths from stroke (relative risk=1·74; 95% Cl 1·2-2·70), an association that was not confounded by history of previous stroke, hypertension, postmenopausal use of oestrogen, thiazide diuretic treatment, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Most deaths in women with low bone mineral density are unrelated to the occurrence of fractures—an observation that should be taken into account when estimating the need for and cost-effectiveness of bone-density screening and fracture prevention programmes.
Regional distribution and behavioral correlates of 5-HT2A receptors in Alzheimer's disease with [18F]deuteroaltanserin and PET

Postmortem studies show reductions in brain serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Converging evidence also suggests that serotonergic dysregulation may contribute to behavioral symptoms that frequently occur in AD. This study aimed to define regional reductions in 5-HT(2A) binding in AD patients and to examine their behavioral correlates. Nine patients with probable AD and eight elderly controls were studied using a constant infusion paradigm for equilibrium modeling of [(18)F]deuteroaltanserin with positron emission tomography (PET). Region of interest analyses were performed on PET images coregistered to MRI scans. The outcome measures BP(P) (ratio of specific brain uptake to total plasma parent concentration) and BP(ND) (ratio of specific to nondisplaceable uptake) were obtained for pertinent cortical and subcortical regions. AD patients showed a statistically significant decrease in the anterior cingulate in both BP(P) and BP(ND), but in no other region. Within the AD patient sample, no significant correlations were observed between regional 5-HT(2A) binding and behavioral measures, including depressive and psychotic symptoms. These results confirm a reduction in cortical 5-HT(2A) receptors in AD, specifically in the anterior cingulate. However, in a limited AD patient sample, they fail to demonstrate a relationship between regional 5-HT(2A) binding and major behavioral symptoms.
Studies of a helium-operated gas-sampling Grimm-type glow discharge for the atomic emission spectrometric determination of chlorine in halogenated hydrocarbon vapors

Abstract Chlorine originating from halogenated hydrocarbons introduced through a fused-silica capillary was detected by atomic emission spectrometry from a helium-operated gas-sampling Grimm-type glow discharge. During the introduction of the halogenated hydrocarbon vapor, the operating voltage of the discharge was found to increase considerably. The device showed excellent discharge and signal stability over periods of several hours. It was found that the noise characteristics of the discharge were virtually white and that they did not change upon introduction of dichloromethane. Spatially resolved measurements performed with an automated x – y translation stage and end-on observation demonstrated that the emission-intensity distribution of both chlorine and helium is dependent on the geometry of the entrance aperture in the cathode block. For conical and hollow-cathode-like entrance arrangements, emission intensities were concentrated at the entrance of the capillary. However, for a flat cathode sampling plate, the intensity profiles exhibited a minimum at the entrance orifice. Background intensities were found to change during the introduction of halogenated hydrocarbon vapors, necessitating both careful background acquisition and correction. After discharge conditions were optimized (at 25 mA and 7 Torr), the detection limit for chlorine utilizing the Cl II 479.5 nm line was found to be 20 ng s −1 . Vapor from aliphatic as well as aromatic hydrocarbons were introduced into the discharge. To a first approximation, signals were found to be proportional to the amount of both chlorine and carbon released into the discharge, enabling the ratio of carbon to chlorine to be determined. The device therefore deserves further study regarding its potential as an element-specific detector for gas chromatography.
Warm plasma dispersion relation of the fast Alfven wave for asymmetrical heating current drive

Experimental observation of current drive by asymmetrical heating of ions in the Texas Tech Tokamak suggests that penetration of the fast Alfven wave near the fundamental ion-cyclotron resonance is restricted. A numerical study of the warm plasma dispersion relation near the ion-cyclotron resonance does indeed show this effect. The data reveal that, as the wave approaches the resonant layer from the high or low field side of the torus, it first passes through a region where asymmetrical heating takes place and the wave energy is absorbed by ions moving with high velocity parallel to the magnetic field. >
The Optimal Design of Hunting Weapons: Maintainability or Reliability

Design engineers share archaeologists' interest in material culture, but unlike archaeologists, engineers have developed concepts for determining the suitability of technical systems to perform specific tasks. Given the difficulty archaeologists face in developing theories of material culture, I suggest that guiding principles of engineering design offer potentially useful insights. In this article I discuss two design alternatives for optimizing the availability of any technical system - reliability and maintainability. Reliable systems are made so that they can be counted on to work when needed. Maintainable ones can easily be made to function if they are broken or not appropriate to the task at hand. Because these design alternatives have markedly different optimal applications and observably different physical characteristics, archaeologists can link the design of prehistoric weapons to environmental constraints and to specific hunting strategies. Ethnographic examples indicate that primitive hunters do use both reliable and maintainable systems in optimal situations.
Biology of Strawberry Root Weevil on Peppermint in Western Oregon

Adult strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.), emerged from western Oregon soil from late May to mid-June and was present in peppermint until late July. Adult activity on plants was greatest 1–7 h after sunset and adults marked with fluorescent powder dispersed < 2 m. Adults collected in the field and reared in the laboratory oviposited for 12 wk, but the percentage of fertile eggs declined significantly after 6 wk. In 1973, 68.2% of the eggs were fertile, 60.7% hatched, and 31.7% were infertile (n=760), and in 1974, 82.0% were fertile, 72.8% hatched, and 18% were infertile (n=239). Eggs hatched in 13.9±1.5 days at constant 20°C and in 12.9±0.9 days at 24°C day and 15°C night temperatures in the laboratory. Larvae were in the soil from early June until May of the following year, and pupation occurred from mid-Apr. until early June.
Systems biology: metabolite turns master regulator.

The phenomenon of catabolite repression enables microorganisms to use their favourite carbon source first. New work reveals α-ketoacids as key effectors of this process, with their levels regulating gene expression.
A maximum expected covering problem for locating and dispatching two classes of military medical evacuation air assets

Military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) systems respond to casualty incidents and transport the most urgent casualties to a medical treatment facility via multiple types of air ambulance assets. Military MEDEVAC systems are subject to an uncertain number of service calls and each service call demands different system operations depending on type and the priority level. Therefore, military medical planners need an air MEDEVAC asset management system that determines how to dispatch multiple types of air assets to prioritized service calls to maintain a high likelihood of survival of the most urgent casualties. To reach this goal, we propose a novel binary linear programming (BLP) model to optimally locate two types of air assets and construct response districts using a dispatch preference list. Additionally, the BLP model balances the workload among assets and enforces contiguity in the first assigned locations for each air asset. The objective of the BLP model is to maximize the proportion of high-priority casualties responded to within a pre-specified time threshold while meeting performance benchmarks to other types of casualties. A spatial queuing approximation model is derived to provide inputs to the BLP model, which thus reflects the underlying queuing dynamics of the system. We illustrate the model and algorithms with a computational example that reflects realistic military data.
The kinetics of some substituted catechol/o-quinone couples at a carbon paste electrode

Abstract The microscopic pathways for electron and proton transfer at carbon paste electrodes have been measured for three catechols and their corresponding o-quinones. The compounds investigated are 4-methylcatechol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenlyacetic acid. Semi-integral analysis of cyclic voltammograms has been used to study the changes in mechanism as a function of pH in aqueous solution. The data fit the nine-member box scheme proposed by Laviron for the quinone/hydroquinone couple. The pathways for the redox-proton transfer processes are found to be similar for all three couples examined, despite the differences in their side chains.
Pioneering Transactions, Catalyzing Markets, and Building Capacity: The Prototype Carbon Fund Contributions to Climate Policies

In 1999, the World Bank launched the Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF), a closed U.S. $180 m mutual fund with private and public participants aimed at purchasing project-based greenhouse gases (GHG) emission reductions (ERs) under the Joint Implementation (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. The objectives of the PCF were to pioneer these mechanisms-the rules of which were still to be developed at the time-and to disseminate the lessons learned, so as to demonstrate that JI and CDM could constitute credible and cost-effective ways of mitigating GHG emissions while contributing to sustainable development, and so as to foster the development of the carbon market. The first part of this program is now well under way. As of the end of 2002, the PCF has indeed signed terms sheets for fifteen projects likely to be validated under JI and the CDM, representing purchases of 10.7 million tons of CO2e1 of ERs for $38.6 m. The aim of the present note is to examine how the PCF has performed on the second part of its mandate, by systematically reviewing the impact of the knowledge these projects have generated. We first detail the role of the PCF in demonstrating that CDM and JI transactions can be beneficial to both the buyer and the seller of ERs and can remain environmentally secure at the same time. Next, we examine how the PCF has contributed to the development of the carbon market. We then discuss the PCF role in empowering developing countries and economies in transitions for future climate negotiations. In conclusion, we come back to the rationale for the World Bank to host this instrument.
Determination of the Potential for Release of Mercury from Combustion Product Amended Soils: Part 1—Simulations of Beneficial Use

This paper describes a project that assessed the potential for mercury (Hg) release to air and water from soil amended with combustion products to simulate beneficial use. Combustion products (ash) derived from wood, sewage sludge, subbituminous coal, and a subbituminous coal-petroleum coke mixture were added to soil as agricultural supplements, soil stabilizers, and to develop low-permeability surfaces. Hg release was measured from the latter when intact and after it was broken up and mixed into the soil. Air-substrate Hg exchange was measured for all materials six times over 24 hr, providing data that reflected winter, spring, summer, and fall meteorological conditions. Dry deposition of atmospheric Hg and emission of Hg to the atmosphere were both found to be important fluxes. Measured differences in seasonal and diel (24 hr) fluxes demonstrated that to establish an annual estimate of air-substrate flux from these materials data on both of these time steps should be collected. Air-substrate exchange was highly correlated with soil and air temperature, as well as incident light. Hg releases to the atmosphere from coal and wood combustion product-amended soils to simulate an agricultural application were similar to that measured for the unamended soil, whereas releases to the air for the sludge-amended materials were higher. Hg released to soil solutions during the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure for ash-amended materials was higher than that released from soil alone. On the basis of estimates of annual releases of Hg to the air from the materials used, emissions from coal and wood ash-amended soil to simulate an agricultural application could simply be re-emission of Hg deposited by wet processes from the atmosphere; however, releases from sludge-amended materials and those generated to simulate soil stabilization and disturbed low-permeability pads include Hg indigenous to the material.
Probabilistic analysis of a static frame model

This paper describes our efforts during our participation in the Sandia Validation Workshop. The focus of the paper is the calibration of material models and simulation of random fields to characterize the variations of material properties across spatial field. Both parametric and non-parametric methods were used to represent uncertainty. Part of the challenge of this problem is the small amount of data that is available for the necessary probabilistic analyses in support of calibration, validation, accreditation and prediction activities. The analysis methods and corresponding results are described.
Early Implementation Experience with Wearable Cognitive Assistance Applications

A cognitive assistance application combines a wearable device such as Google Glass with cloudlet processing to provide step-by-step guidance on a complex task. In this paper, we focus on user assistance for narrow and well-defined tasks that require specialized knowledge and/or skills. We describe proof-of-concept implementations for four different tasks: assembling 2D Lego models, freehand sketching, playing ping-pong, and recommending context-relevant YouTube tutorials. We then reflect on the difficulties we faced in building these applications, and suggest future research that could simplify the creation of similar applications.
Using the Private-Internet-Enterprise (PIE) Model to Examine IT Risks and Threats Due to Porous Perimeters

ABSTRACT There is a common misconception that internal IP networks (intranets) are secure and that only external networks such as the Internet and extranets are vulnerable and unsecured. The truth is that information on a network is not secure. With increases in network connectivity, the potential of bridging multiple networks on a single device, shared knowledge bases, and Web 2.0 integration of legacy applications, the problems are compounded. Traditional reliance on perimeter devices and security has proven to be ineffective in securing information in today's highly connected environments. This lack of security on increasingly powerful handheld devices, which tap into our information assets, will lead inevitably to increased exposure for our enterprise networks. The very nature of devices being networked makes them vulnerable on an IP network to various attacks and spoofs. This paper proposes a new model to identify and examine threats to information assets from private, Internet, and enterprise sources.
Probing the Role of Positive Residues in the ADP/ATP Carrier from Yeast. The Effect of Six Arginine Mutations on Transport and the Four ATP versus ADP Exchange Modes†

Mutagenesis of three intrahelical arginines, R96, R204, or R294, and of each member of the arginine triplet R252, R253, R254 into neutral residues had resulted in a strong suppression of oxidative phosphorylation in cells and isolated mitochondria [Muller, V., Basset, G., Nelson, D. R., & Klingenberg, M. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 16132−16143]. Here we determine the transport activity of wild-type and mutant AAC in reconstituted proteoliposomes using a new rapid removal−stop method without relying on the inhibitor stop which can be compromised by mutations. The basic electroneutral ADP/ADP exchange activity is strongly or totally suppressed in six out of seven of these mutations, with the exception of R294A, which retains nearly wild-type activity. Carboxyatractylate (CAT) inhibits the ADP/ATP exchange rate only to 3−10% in wild type and R294A and up to 40% in other mutants, whereas bongkrekic acid (BKA) inhibits 50% (wild type and R294A) and 90% (other mutants). Consequently, AAC is preferentially reconstit...
Content-Aware Data Dissemination for Enhancing Privacy and Availability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to various attacks and network dynamics that can breach data privacy and harm data availability. Since those threats cannot be addressed purely by cryptography-based methods, this paper presents a data dissemination scheme that can enhance two goals: data privacy and data availability, leveraging the node location diversity presented in typical wireless sensor networks rather than relying on cryptographic techniques. We demonstrate that the message content is important to quantify the uncertainty associated with data privacy and data availability, and provide content-based definitions utilizing information states. Further, to strike the balance between two conflicting goals in an energy efficient way, we construct a spatial privacy graph based on the locations of network nodes, and use a distributed coloring scheme to ensure that any pairs of nodes whose combined data provide too much information should not send their sensed data to the same storage node. Additionally, sensor nodes selectively send data to multiple storage nodes to achieve higher availability. Our experimental results show that our scheme can achieve better data privacy and a higher level of data availability at smaller energy cost than other baseline data dissemination schemes.
Refractory Castables: II, Some Properties, and Effects of Heat‐Treatments

Differential thermal analyses were made and weight losses were determined up to 1000°C. for a domestic and an imported high-alumina hydraulic cement after hydrating. Refractory castables were prepared in the laboratory with these two cements and fire-clay brick and flintclay aggregates. Compressive, transverse, and tensile strengths of these castables were obtained after heating 4,8, and 12 months at 300°C. and at other temperatures up to 1350°C. for shorter periods of time. Sixteen commercial brands of castables were tested for sieve analysis, P.C.E., and flow, on the material “as received”. The three types of strengths of the sixteen castables also were determined after treatments at 95% relative humidity and after heating at temperatures up to 1350°C. Some information on porosity and structural and linear changes after the heat-treatments was obtained.
The distributed plantar vertical force of neutrally aligned and pes planus feet

The distributed vertical ground reaction forces were determined for a normative population and contrasted with data from subjects with flat feet. Nineteen asymptomatic subjects, 11 with a neutrally aligned foot type (normal arch) and 8 with a pes planus foot type (low arch), were studied as they walked barefoot across a pressure plate. The pressure plate data were converted to force values at seven locations (subhallucal, five submetatarsal and subcalcaneal) on the plantar aspect of the foot. The distributed loading pattern of the plantar soft tissue throughout the stance phase of gait was determined. Pes planus feet had significantly more force at the subhallucal area with no difference seen under the other areas. These data are indicative of aberrant first ray mechanics in pes planus feet.
Electrophoretic examination of hemoglobin and plasma proteins from three attitude groups of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Abstract 1. 1. Electrophoretic studies of hemoglobin plasma proteins of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis trapped fromthree altitudes have been made. 2. 2. Two electrophoretic hemoglobin types were described. Type D was found in deer mice at all three altitudes. Type S was found in deer mice at the two higher altitudes. Genotypic ratio calculations indicated that type S hemoglobin was more common than tyupe D in the mice trapped from higher altitudes. 3. 3. Plasma proteins were grouped into five major fractions; albumin, post-albumins, transferrin, inter-regional and origin proteins. There were no differences in these five fractions between the three altitude groups which could be related to altitude or sex. 4. 4. Four transferrin types were identified in the deer mice studied. Distribution of these four types within and among the three groups was discussed. Transferrin types seem to be distributed in accord with geographic proximity of the three groups.
Genetic basis of aristal morphology in Drosophila melanogaster and its correlation with behavior: selection for increased and decreased aristal branching.

The aristae ofDrosophila have been shown to play a role in mating behavior and geotaxis. Two populations ofD. melanogaster were selected for increased and decreased numbers of major aristal branches. Selection was successful and resulted in two lines differing by an average of six aristal branches. Hybridization analyses of selected lines revealed that genes influencing aristal branching are located on both the X chromosome and the autosomes. Polygenic control of aristal morphology is indicated by a gradual response to selection and low realized heritabilities. When selection was relaxed for 19 generations, the number of aristal branches did not revert to the number in the control line. Changes in aristal branching did not appear to have a consistent influence on geotaxis, although there was a tendency for flies with fewer aristal branches to be geonegative. Neither mating speed nor ethological isolation between the two populations was affected by selection. It is concluded that the number of aristal branches inDrosophila is a neutral trait (i.e., not subject to natural selection) under laboratory conditions. Correlations between aristal morphology and behavior found in other selection experiments by previous investigators were likely due to linkage disequilibria.
Antimony sorption at gibbsite–water interface

Antimony (Sb) is extensively used in flame retardants, lead-acid batteries, solder, cable coverings, ammunition, fireworks, ceramic and porcelain glazes and semiconductors. However, the geochemical fate of antimony (Sb) remained largely unexplored. Among the different Sb species, Sb (V) is the dominant form in the soil environment in a very wide redox range. Although earlier studies have examined the fate of Sb in the presence of iron oxides such as goethite and hematite, few studies till date reported the interaction of Sb (V) with gibbsite, a common soil Al-oxide mineral. The objective of this study was to understand the sorption behavior of Sb (V) on gibbsite as a function of various solution properties such as pH, ionic strength (I), and initial Sb concentrations, and to interpret the sorption-edge data using a surface complexation model. A batch sorption study with 20 g L(-1) gibbsite was conducted using initial Sb concentrations range of 2.03-16.43 μM, pH values between 2 and 10, and ionic strengths (I) between 0.001 and 0.1M. The results suggest that Sb (V) sorbs strongly to the gibbsite surface, possibly via inner-sphere type mechanism with the formation of a binuclear monodentate surface complex. Weak I effect was noticed in sorption-edge data or in the isotherm data at a low surface coverage. Sorption of Sb (V) on gibbsite was highest in the pH range of 2-4, and negligible at pH 10. Our results suggest that gibbsite will likely play an important role in immobilizing Sb (V) in the soil environment.
Evidence for quantized electronic level structure for 100–1300 electrons in metal-atomic clusters

Abstract Photoionization mass spectrometry experiments on cold and warm beams of Al N clusters reveal large, N -specific discontunuities in their cohesive and ionization properties. These can be interpreted in terms of bunching of electron levels — large-shell structure — through agreement with calculations based on the spherical-jellium approximation. Specific deviations found for intermediate-size AL N , and differences between aluminum and indium, are attributed to the perturbation by the ionic lattice of the spherical jellium orbitals.
A New Biplane Ultrasound Probe for Real-Time Visualization and Cannulation of the Internal Jugular Vein

Ultrasound guidance is recommended for cannulation of the internal jugular vein. Use of ultrasound allows you to identify relevant anatomy and possible anatomical anomalies. The most common approach is performed while visualizing the vein transversely and inserting the needle out of plane to the probe. With this approach needle tip visualization may be difficult. We report the use of a new biplane ultrasound probe which allows the user to simultaneously view the internal jugular vein in transverse and longitudinal views in real time. Use of this probe enhances needle visualization during venous cannulation.
The Flux Auto- and Cross-Correlation of the Lyα Forest. II. Modeling Anisotropies with Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations

The isotropy of the Lyforest in real-space uniquely provides a measurement of cosmic geometry at z > 2. The angular diameter distance for which the correlation function along the line of sight and in the transverse direction agree corresponds to the correct cosmological model. However, the Lyforest is observed in redshift- space where distortions due to Hubble expansion, bulk flows, and thermal broadening introduce anisotropy. Similarly, a spectrograph's line spread function affects t he autocorrelation and cross-correlation differently. In this the second paper of a series on using the Lyforest observed in pairs of QSOs for a new application of the Alcock-Paczy´ nski (AP) test, these anisotropies and related sources of po tential systematic error are investigated with cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. Three prescriptions for galactic outflow were compared and found to have only a marginal effect on the Lyflux correlation (which changed by at most 7% with use of the currently favored variable-momentum wind model vs. no winds at all). An approximate solution for obtaining the zero-lag cross-correlation corresponding to arbitrar y spectral resolution directly from the zero-lag cross- correlation computed at full-resolution (good to within 2% at the scales of interest) is presented. Uncertainty in the observationally determined mean flux decrement of the Lyforest was found to be the dominant source of systematic error; however, this is reduced significantly when considering correlation ratios. We describe a simple scheme for implementing our results, while mitigating systematic errors, in the context of a future application of the AP test. Subject headings: cosmology: miscellaneous — intergalactic medium — methods: numerical — quasars: absorption lines
Apolipoprotein E3- and Nitric Oxide–Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses

Objective Although apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) is known to be atheroprotective, its mechanisms of protection in endothelial cells remain unclear. Methods and results Cultured human aortic endothelial cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the presence of human recombinant apoE3 solubilized in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Using flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, a significant increase of inflammatory cell adhesion proteins (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-Selectin), and MCP-1, interleukin-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression was observed within 5 hours of TNF-alpha exposure, which was markedly attenuated in cells coincubated with apoE3. Treatment with apoE4 resulted in increased inflammatory gene expression relative to either TNF treatment alone or TNF + apoE3 treatment. NO synthase inhibition experiments demonstrated NO to be an active participant in the actions of both TNF and apoE. To clarify the role of NO, dose-response experiments were performed with 0.03 to 300 micromol/L DEA-NONOate. Using flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, a modulatory role of NO in TNF-induced endothelial cell activation was observed. Conclusions These data suggest a role of vascular wall apoE3 to balance the intracellular redox state in injured endothelial cells via NO-dependent pathways.
Representation of the interevent intervals between a set of nonuniformly distributed “points” or “events”*

The general problem treated in this paper is the derivation of the distribution of intervals between neighboring points or ''events'' on a line. For the case in which the events are independently and uniformly distributed the distribution of intervals is well known. However, from the applications point of view, the nonuniform case is highly important, a situation motivating the derivation of the results in this paper.
Techniques: NMR on a chip

If a nanoscale gallium arsenide structure is excited with an oscillating magnetic field, superpositions of nuclear spin states can be created and detected electrically. Quantum computing could be the beneficiary.
Novel Nanostructured Calcium Phosphate Based Delivery Systems for Non-Viral Gene Delivery

Calcium phosphate (CaP) based approaches remain an attractive option for delivering plasmid DNA (pDNA) into cultured cells [1, 2]. However, two major limitations associated with this vector exist. First, it yields lower transfection efficiencies with respect to its’ viral counterparts. Second, CaP mediated gene delivery leads to transient transgene expression. Thus, we hypothesized that these concerns could respectively be addressed by: (1) synthesizing particles with precise control of the materials’ parameters including (i.e. Ca/P ratio, particle size, crystal structure, and microstructure) and (2) incorporating the particles into a 3-D biodegradable fibrin scaffold. The goal of this study was therefore to synthesize and optimize the efficacy of both nano-structured CaP (NanoCaPs) particles and a composite scaffold comprised of fibrin, CaP and pDNA for non-viral gene delivery applications.© 2007 ASME
The influence of ethanol administered to pregnant rats on tyrosine hydroxylase activity of their offspring.

Pregnant rats were fed a regimen of ethanol and metrecal from the tenth day of pregnancy until delivery. Control females received metrecal and an isocaloric replacement of ethanol with sucrose. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was measured in the caudate nuclei of the offspring at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of age. The activity of the enzyme was found to be significantly increased in pups whose mothers were exposed to ethanol.
Abstract LB-5: The dominant-negative effect of an insulin-like growth factor-1 mutant that is defective in binding to integrins (αvβ3 and α6β4)

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is a major therapeutic target for cancer. Integrin αvβ3 plays a critical role in regulating IGF1 signaling, while the specifics are unclear. We recently reported that IGF1 directly binds to αvβ3. The integrin-binding defective IGF1 mutant (R36E/R37E) is defective in inducing IGF signaling and a ternary complex (αvβ3, IGF1R, and IGF1) formation, although the mutant still binds to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). These findings suggest that direct binding of IGF1 to αvβ3 is required for intracellular signaling (J. Saegusa, S. Yamaji, K. Ieguchi, C.Y. Wu, K.S. Lam, F.T. Liu, Y.K. Takada, and Y. Takada, The direct binding of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to integrin αvβ3 is involved in IGF-1 signaling. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284: 24106–14). Here we describe that R36E/R37E suppressed proliferation and intracellular signaling induced by WT IGF1 in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells (a dominant negative effect). R36E/R37E suppressed anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells, while WT IGF1 enhanced it. Also, R36E/R37E suppressed the tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cells in SCID mice, while wt IGF-1 markedly enhanced it. Since MCF-7 cells express little or no αvβ3, we studied which integrins are involved in IGF signaling. We discovered that α6β4, which is over-expressed in cancer and implicated in tumor progression, directly binds to WT IGF1 (but not to R36E/R37E) in MCF-7. Interestingly, WT IGF1 induced a ternary complex formation (α6β4, IGF1, and IGF1R) but R36E/R37E did not. These results suggest that α6β4 in addition to αvβ3 plays a role in IGF signaling through direct binding to IGF1, and that R36E/R37E acts as an inhibitor of IGF signaling. We propose that R36E/R37E has potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-5. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-5
Basis for decreased D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity in liver mitochondria from diabetic rats.

Liver mitochondria from rats made diabetic with streptozotocin have a reduced level of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) activity and decreased ratios of oleic/stearic and arachidonic/linoleic acids in the phospholipids of the mitochondrial membrane. This altered activity and lipid environment result from insulin deprivation since maintenance of the diabetic rats on insulin leads to normal characteristics (J.C. Vidal, J.O. McIntyre, P.F. Churchill, and S. Fleischer (1983) Arch. Biochem, Biophys. 224, 643-658). In the present study, the basis for the reduced enzymatic activity of this lipid-requiring enzyme was analyzed using three approaches: (i) Purified D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, dehydrogenase was inserted into membranes from mitochondria, submitochondrial vesicles, and mitochondrial lipids extracted therefrom. The activation was the same and optimal irrespective of whether the preparations were derived from normal or diabetic rat liver. Therefore, the decreased activity does not appear to be referable to an altered lipid composition. (ii) BDH activity can be released from the mitochondria by phospholipase A2 digestion. The released activity was proportional to the endogenous activity in the submitochondrial vesicles from normal and diabetic membranes. (iii) The BDH activity in submitochondrial vesicles was titrated by inhibition with specific antiserum. Less enzyme was found in mitochondria from diabetic rats as compared with those from normal animals. Hence, the lowered enzymatic activity is due to decreased enzyme in the mitochondrial inner membrane and not to the modified lipid environment.
Smoke in the wind

To counter Asian haze episodes, the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed an Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution on 10 June. The agreement, whose signatories include Indonesia,The Philippines, and Vietnam, provides a legal basis for policy and technical cooperation to deal with haze arising from land and forest fires in the region.
High mobility solution-processible organic semiconductor: Copper tetrabenzoporphyrin

Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs) have received extensive attention due to their advantages of low cost and easy processing. Utilizing precursors of small molecules, one can combine benefits of processability and performance [1]. Upon annealing, the solution processible precursor converts to small molecules with high mobility. In this study, two device architectures were employed to pursue better device performance: 1) recessed-electrode geometry and 2) Ta 2 O 5 /SiO 2 bi-layer gate dielectric.