cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Media Concentration and Democracy: Why Ownership Matters

Firmly rooting its argument in democratic and economic theory, the book argues that a more democratic distribution of communicative power within the public sphere and a structure that provides safeguards against abuse of media power provide two of three primary arguments for ownership dispersal. It also shows that dispersal is likely to result in more owners who will reasonably pursue socially valuable journalistic or creative objectives rather than a socially dysfunctional focus on the 'bottom line'. The middle chapters answer those agents, including the Federal Communication Commission, who favor 'deregulation' and who argue that existing or foreseeable ownership concentration is not a problem. The final chapter evaluates the constitutionality and desirability of various policy responses to concentration, including strict limits on media mergers.
Factor XIII Polymorphisms and Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract Objective.—To review the relationship between factor XIII polymorphisms and venous thromboembolism. Methods.—Review of the medical literature using computerized databases and secondary sou...
Internal and external logics of abstract interpretations

We show that every abstract interpretation possesses an internal logic, whose proof theory is defined by the partial ordering on the abstract domain's elements and whose model theory is defined by the domain's concretization function. We explain how program validation and transformation depend on this logic. Next, when a logic external to the abstract interpretation is imposed, we show how to synthesize a sound, underapproximating, set-based variant of the external logic and give conditions when the underapproximating logic can be embedded within the original abstract domain, inverted. We show how model-checking logics depend on this construction. The intent of this paper is tutorial, to integrate little-publicized results into a standard framework that can be used by practitioners of static analysis.
Power system fault classification method based on sparse representation and random dimensionality reduction projection

This paper presents a novel method based on sparse representation classification (SRC) and random dimensionality reduction projection (RDRP) to classify electric power system fault types in real time. Each testing fault sample is firstly represented as an overcomplete sparse linear combination of training fault samples. Then RDRP is applied to extract fault features with reduced dimensionality and construct the sensing matrix of the sparse representation. Next, L1 minimization is used to calculate the sparse representation of the testing sample so that the fault type can be determined according to the minimum residual between the testing sample and its sparse representation. Simulation results show that RDRP is efficient to extract fault features and reduce dimensionality, and SRC achieves a high classification accuracy and a strong robustness to noise and disturbance, guaranteeing that this method can be used for on line fault detection and classification in large electric power systems.
2‐{4‐[4‐(Di­methyl­amino)­phenyl]‐1,3‐buta­dienyl}‐1‐ethyl­pyridinium perchlorate

The title compound, C19H23N2+·ClO4−, also known as LDS 698, contains almost parallel pyridyl and phenyl ring systems and an in-plane di­methyl­amino group. The extended pyridyl amino­ethyl group is nearly perpendicular to the dimethyl­amino group. The mol­ecules stack along the a axis, with the ring systems oblique to this axis.
Caenorhabditis elegans: a model genetic host to study Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis

In the past year, a Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis model has been developed to facilitate the systematic dissection of both host and pathogen genes involved in pathogenic interactions. Analysis of the P. aeruginosa-C. elegans interaction should shed light on the larger question of how organisms interact at the molecular level in antagonistic relationships.
Parallel FEM Simulation of Crack Propagation - Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

Understanding how fractures develop in materials is crucial to many disciplines, e.g., aeronautical engineering, material sciences, and geophysics. Fast and accurate computer simulation of crack propagation in realistic 3D structures would be a valuable tool for engineers and scien tists exploring the fracture process in materials. In the following, we will describe a next generation crack propagation simulation softw are that aims to make this potential a reality.
Suicide Attempts in Preadolescent Child Psychiatry Inpatients

This paper describes a preliminary study examining the relative power of measures of perceived family support, hopelessness, and depression for the classification of suicide attempters and nonattempters in a series of 8- to 13-year-old psychiatric inpatients. Results of a stepwise discriminant-function analysis indicated that a measure of a child's perceived family support discriminated between suicide attempters and nonattempters with an 88% accuracy rate. The addition of measures of hopelessness and depression at later steps did not lead to improved classification. The results are interpreted as providing strong support for a link between suicide attempts in children and perceptions of low family support.
Chemistry, Pharmacology, Antiarrhythmic Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Tocainide Hydrochloride, An Orally Active Structural Analog of Lidocaine

Tocainide is an orally effective antiarrhythmic agent, structurally and pharmacologically similar to lidocaine. It appears to be free of marked negative hemodynamic or electrophysiologic effects in patients with heart disease, despite a high frequency of minor and often transient central nervous system and gastrointestinal side effects. Tocainide is effective in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias in a variety of settings. This agent may be a useful addition to our antiarrhythmic armamentarium.
Dietary modulation of apolipoprotein serum amyloid A (apoSAA) metabolism and prevention of amyloidosis in aging C57BL6J and SJLJ mice

Abstract The specific effect of acute inflammation on apoSAA and lipoprotein metabolism was determined in two strains of mice that are prone to develop spontaneous age-associated systemic amyloidosis. C57BL 6J and SJL J mice were maintained on purified diets, relatively rich in fat and differing only with respect to protein constituents, i.e., casein (20%) versus soy protein (20%). After 18 months, aging mice of either strain and on either diet were injected subcutaneously with AgNO3 thus inducing a powerful acute phase response as evidenced by increases in plasma LDL and apoSAA-rich HDL. None of the mice in each of the dietary groups developed amyloidosis. Cholesterol levels were elevated during the acute phase response in both mouse strains, although the hypercholesterolemia was less pronounced in C57BL 6J mice and in SJL J mice fed soy protein compared with casein. Control plasma triglyceride levels were lower in C57BL 6J mice in both dietary groups compared to the SJL J strain. By contrast, C57BL 6J mice fed either protein increased the triglyceride concentration, whereas in SJL J mice, triglyceride levels were not altered by casein but were decreased significantly by soy protein diets. Oir findings show for the first time that dietary protein intake modulates the acute phase response in rodents. Furthermore, the data support the concept that alterations in lipid metabolism during the acute phase response may represent a protective mechanism whereby HDL-cholesterol and phospholipids are directed to sites of inflammation for connective tissue repair.
Evidence for transient limitations in coronary blood flow during unstable angina pectoris: hemodynamic changes with spontaneous pain at rest versus exercise-induced ischemia following stabilization of angina.

The pathophysiologic basis for the deterioration of patients with stable angina pectoris to unstable angina is unclear. Central to this issue is the question of whether myocardial ischemia occurs at the same or at a lower myocardial oxygen demand during unstable periods as during stable periods. Consequently, we compared myocardial oxygen demand in 12 patients at the onset of spontaneous pain during unstable angina to myocardial oxygen demand during exercise-induced ischemia after resumption of stable angina, 6–12 weeks later. Myocardial oxygen demand was estimated from values for heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BP), and the rate-pressure product (RPP). Rate-pressure product is the heart rate × systolic blood pressure × 10-2 (mmHg/min/102). There was definite evidence for coronary artery spasm for only one patient. There was no difference in heart rate, blood pressure, or rate-pressure product during pain-free intervals in the hospital and just before the start of exercise testing. Mean H R (71.2± 11.1 beats/min; mean ± standard deviation) and RPP (95.8±20.0 mmHg/min/102) just before spontaneous angina during the unstable period were significantly lower (p<0.001) than at the termination of bicycle ergometry in both the supine (HR, 96.9±10.5 beats/min; RPP, 141.8±25.0 mmHg/min/102) and upright (HR, 98.1±13.6 beats/min; RPP, 143.0±32.2 mmHg/min/102) positions. Blood pressure (134.5 ± 17.6 mmHg) just before spontaneous angina was significantly lower than at the conclusion of both supine (145.6±13.3 mmHg) and upright (145.1 ±18.6 mmHg) ergometry. The observation that myocardial oxygen demand was lower at the threshold of ischemia with spontaneous angina than with exercise-induced ischemia is consistent with the hypothesis that there were transient, reversible limitations in coronary blood flow during the period of unstable angina. There was also a moderate but significant rise in estimated myocardial oxygen demand just before spontaneous angina in these patients, but the nature of the data do not allow us to distinguish whether or not this rise was part of the cause or an effect of ischemia. While the results of this study did not identify the cause for the transient limitations in coronary flow, coronary artery spasm without ST-segment elevation, intracoronary platelet aggregates, and hemorrhage into atherosclerotic plaques are possibilities that are consistent with these hemodynamic observations.
Glutathione S-transferase mediated detoxification and bioactivation of xenobiotics during early human pregnancy

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) with activity towards CDNB as a substrate from human intrauterine conceptual tissues (HICT) at 6-10 weeks of gestation was purified approximately 200-fold by GSH coupled Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The preparations of affinity purified HICT-GST were used in all the experiments. There was no significant difference in specific activity of GST towards CDNB among 6-, 8- and 10-week-old HICT. GST specific activity decreased with an increase in the gestational age using p-nitrobenzyl chloride and 3,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene as the second substrate. Similarly, the lower the gestational age, the higher was the degree of GST mediated ethylene dibromide (EDB) conjugation with GSH. Covalent binding of [14C]EDB to DNA and protein was greater in the presence of HICT-GST at 6 weeks gestation than that at 10 weeks gestation. These results suggest that HICT possess a significant amount of GST capable of detoxification or activation of xenobiotics during the critical organogenesis period.
End-to-end disaster recovery planning: From art to science

We present the design and implementation of ENDEAVOUR - a framework for integrated end-to-end disaster recovery (DR) planning. Unlike existing research that provides DR planning within a single layer of the IT stack (e.g. storage controller based replication), ENDEAVOUR can choose technologies and composition of technologies across multiple layers like virtual machines, databases and storage controllers. ENDEAVOUR uses a canonical model of available replication technologies at all layers, explores strategies to compose them, and performs a novel map-search-reduce heuristic to identify the best DR plans for given administrator requirements. We present a detailed analysis of ENDEAVOUR including empirical characterization of various DR technologies, their composition, and a end-to-end case study.
Incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Graves' disease.

In a consecutive series of 172 patients with Graves' disease treated by total thyroidectomy, 15 patients (9%) had an associated unsuspected carcinoma. There were 20 patients who had received prior treatment with radioactive iodine; 3 (15%) had carcinoma. The high incidence of thyroid carcinoma found in this series suggests that when surgery is elected as the treatment of choice in any given case of Graves' disease, nothing less than a total thyroidectomy should be performed. This high incidence would further indicate that surgery should be given even greater consideration in the selection of a modality for the management of any specific case of Graves' disease.
Response to Letter by Albright et al

Response: I thank Dr Albright and her colleagues for identifying an incongruity in determination of the level of anticoagulation among persons taking warfarin between the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines and the trial that originally tested the use of intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in …
Lloyd Silverman (1930–1986): A Personal Appreciation

Lloyd Silverman made significant contributions to psychoanalytic theory and research by bringing its propositions into the lab for empirical test. Personal memories and impressions concerning his character and idiosyncrasies are offered by a junior colleague.
A Domino Effect? The Spread of Implantation of Penile Foreign Bodies in the Prison System

Subcutaneous penile insertion of foreign bodies is a practice performed globally but has mostly been reported outside of the United States. An incarcerated 29-year-old Caucasian male in a midwestern prison whittled a domino into a dog bone shape and placed it into his ventral penile subcutaneous tissue. He presented to our facility with erosion of the corners of the foreign body through his skin without evidence of infection. Self-insertion of foreign bodies into penile subcutaneous tissue by incarcerated American men for sexual enhancement is more widespread than previously reported. Erosion is a novel presentation.
Reply: Still Hoping to Turn That Theoretical Corner

We welcome the commentary by John Pickles on our efforts in Wright et al. (this issue) to reflect on and in turn stimulate a wider debate about the epistemological assumptions, or lack thereof, of GIS and the need for theory that transcends the technical. How indeed did it take the field of GIS thirty years to begin asking fundamental questions about its own practice, and its commitments to the intellectual as well as the practical? It is interesting to note that two of the three authors of our Forum essay received their Ph.Ds in the 1990s. They represent “the new generation” of academics, many of whom are now asking these fundamental questions because no ontology or epistemology of GIS was passed down to them. In his response, Pickles, while applauding our efforts, takes us to task for failing to engage the issues fully. Our stated intentions were merely to raise questions that we hoped could be answered by those better versed in philosophy and in the social/human side of geography. These are the people who can, as Pickles states, “engage directly and more substantially the complexities and abstractions of philosophies of science and the theories of knowledge and society associated with them” (p. 369). Yes, we are “the technocists,” but we are also willing to step out of our comfort zone and to encourage other technocists to do the same. Liken us if you will to a geographical Michael Jordan: well-trained in a technocist/positivist brand of basketball but willing to have a go at the postpositivist reworkings of baseball. We did not promise to provide all the answers. We did state our intention to provide at least a skeleton or a starting point for discussion. For instance, we must respectfully disagree with Pickles’s assertion that our essay made “no references to any works in the philosophy and sociology of science” (p. 369). Our references to works such as Bauer (1992), Cloke et al. (1991), Feibleman (1972), Haines-Young and Petch (1986) , Hindess (1977), Johnston (1986), Keat and Urry (1975), Popper (1959), Sayer (1992), Smith (1992), and Sui (1994), were intended to alert the “technocists” to a wider body of helpful literature. In fact, many of those references were mentioned in the original 1993 GIS-L postings, not all of which were “unreflective.” In the end, we applaud Pickles for giving serious consideration to our musings and for taking the discussion to the next level. It is indeed time for “the hard work of theory” to begin.
Resource utilization in treatment of acute myocardial infarction: staff-model health maintenance organization versus fee-for-service hospitals

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to compare the use of invasive procedures and length of stay for patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction to health maintenance organization (HMO) and fee-for-service hospitals. Background. The HMOs have reduced costs compared with fee-for-service systems by reducing discretionary admissions and decreasing hospital length of stay. It has not been established whether staff-model HMO hospitals also reduce the rate of procedure utilization. Methods. Using data from a retrospective cohort, we performed univariate and multivariate comparisons of the use of cardiac procedures, length of stay and hospital mortality in 998 patients admitted to two staff-model HMO hospitals and 7,036 patients admitted to 13 fee-for-service hospitals between January 1988 and December 1992. Results. The odds of undergoing coronary angiography were 1.5 times as great for patients admitted to fee-for-service hospitals than for those admitted to HMO hospitals (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.9). Similarly, the odds of undergoing coronary revascularization were two times greater in fee-for-service hospitals (odds ratio 2.0, 95% Cl 1.6 to 2.5). However, higher utilization was strongly associated with the greater availability of on-site cardiac catheterization facilities in fee-for-service hospitals. The length of hospital stay, by contrast, was ∼1 day shorter in the fee-for-service cohort (7.3 vs. 8.0 days, p Conclusions. Physicians in staff-model HMO hospitals use fewer invasive procedures and longer lengths of stay to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction than physicians in fee-for-service hospitals. This finding, however, appears to be associated with the lack of on-site catheterization facilities at HMO hospitals.
Lattice cluster theory for dense, thin polymer films.

While the application of the lattice cluster theory (LCT) to study the miscibility of polymer blends has greatly expanded our understanding of the monomer scale molecular details influencing miscibility, the corresponding theory for inhomogeneous systems has not yet emerged because of considerable technical difficulties and much greater complexity. Here, we present a general formulation enabling the extension of the LCT to describe the thermodynamic properties of dense, thin polymer films using a high dimension, high temperature expansion. Whereas the leading order of the LCT for bulk polymer systems is essentially simple Flory-Huggins theory, the highly non-trivial leading order inhomogeneous LCT (ILCT) for a film with L layers already involves the numerical solution of 3(L − 1) coupled, highly nonlinear equations for the various density profiles in the film. The new theory incorporates the essential “transport” constraints of Helfand and focuses on the strict imposition of excluded volume constraints, appropriate to dense polymer systems, rather than the maintenance of chain connectivity as appropriate for lower densities and as implemented in self-consistent theories of polymer adsorption at interfaces. The ILCT is illustrated by presenting examples of the computed profiles of the density, the parallel and perpendicular bonds, and the chain ends for free standing and supported films as a function of average film density, chain length, temperature, interaction with support, and chain stiffness. The results generally agree with expected general trends.
Omnidirectional detectors of microwaves

Two isotropic antenna systems for detection of electromagnetic waves have been developed, and graphs of sensitivity versus angle of rotation of antennas about three mutually perpendicular axes have been recorded. The two types of antenna systems had approximately constant sensitivity for incident waves with arbitrary linear polarization. These antenna systems consist of 12 crystal-diode detectors on the surface of a sphere and six crystal-diode detectors on six edges of a tetrahedron. The spherical antenna system is the more omnidirectional of the two when the antenna system is approximately one-third wavelength in diameter or resonant. When the dimensions were reduced to less than one-tenth wavelength, the pyramidal antenna system was most omnidirectional. The immediate concern was to design detectors for the safety of workers near high-power microwave sources and probes for detection of excessive leakage from microwave ovens in the home.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycosylated phosphatidylinositol causes phagosome maturation arrest

The tubercle bacillus parasitizes macrophages by inhibiting phagosome maturation into the phagolysosome. This phenomenon underlies the tuberculosis pandemic involving 2 billion people. We report here how Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes phagosome maturation arrest. A glycosylated M. tuberculosis phosphatidylinositol [mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM)] interfered with the phagosomal acquisition of the lysosomal cargo and syntaxin 6 from the trans-Golgi network. ManLAM specifically inhibited the pathway dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding effectors. These findings identify ManLAM as the M. tuberculosis product responsible for the inhibition of phagosomal maturation.
Topology of the Fermi surface of AuAl2

Abstract This paper compares experimentally determined topological properties of the Fermi surface of AuAl 2 with those predicted by a computer analysis of the nearly free electron model.
Bioscience and Medical Technology: From the Earth to Space and Back

AbstractThroughout the 70-year history of NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), technology development efforts that promoted advancement in aeronautics technologies, aerospace sciences, materials for hostile environments, and microgravity physics have also enabled the maturation of technologies that have affected medical practice on Earth, in the air, and in space. GRC’s unique skill mix, required for aeronautics research and space exploration, ultimately also advanced the development of a wide array of capabilities applicable to biomedical engineering. This paper presents a historical review of notable biomedical endeavors at GRC that have addressed common and uncommon medical conditions afflicting both astronauts and non-astronauts. It also highlights the unique physiological stressors associated with residing in space. The physiological changes associated with these stimuli present evolving challenges for researchers to devise new and innovative medical interventions and technologies.
Unweaving the joints in Entrada Sandstone, Arches National Park, Utah, U.S.A.

Abstract On the southwest limb of Salt Valley Anticline, Arches National Park, Utah three sets of joints are developed in the Entrada Sandstone covering an area of about 6 km2. Within the 20 m thick Moab Member, a single joint set is is found in three distinct areas, separated by a second set of joints at a 35° angle to the first set. Joint interaction features show that the second set is younger than the first. This illustrates that joints of a single set do not have to fill the entire area across which the stresses that formed the joints were acting. The underlying Slickrock Member contains a third set of joints, which is at an angle of 5°–35° to joints in the Moab Member. The Slickrock set nucleated from the lower edges of joints of all orientations in the overlying Moab Member. Thus, the fracture pattern evolved both horizontally, within the same unit, and vertically between units. The sequence of jointing is determined by establishing the relative ages of each joint set. Each joint orientation is best interpreted as representing a direction of maximum compression, ruling out the possibility that the joints are a conjugate set. The joints, and an earlier set of deformation bands, record a 95° counterclockwise rotation of the direction of maximum compression.
Influence of precipitation procedure on sinterability of Y2O3 prepared from hydroxide precursor

Abstract The sinterability of Y 2 O 3 prepared from reverse strike hydroxide precursors was found to be highly dependent on final pH and precursor dewatering procedure, high pH precursors yielding poorly-sinterable oxides if oven dried, but quite sinterable oxides if dewatered either by acetone-toluene-acetone or controlled-humidity treatments. Direct strike hydroxide precursors yielded highly-sinterable Y 2 O 3 regardless of final pH or dewatering procedure.
An introduction to computer science with emphasis on statistics and the social sciences

Abstract A separate course section dedicated to the needs of social scientists, embedded within an introductory course in computer science is described. The special needs of these students and the steps taken in this section to satisfy them are delineated.
Measurement of electrical conductivity under conditions of high anisotropy in graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract Recent measurements of room temperature electrical conductivity in AsF5-graphite intercalation compounds have emphasized the need for a re-evaluation of conventional techniques when applied to quasi-two-dimensional materials. We have thoroughly investigated the validity of the classic 4-point bridge measurement under conditions of high anisotropy and find that for parameters appropriate to some intercalation compounds, such techniques are impractical and lead to serious errors in measured electrical conductivities. In attempting to resolve the difficulties inherent in making measurements of electrical conductivity in these materials we have considered the Montgomery d.c. technique and a novel r.f. method. Measurements on AsF5-graphite by the Montgomery technique appear to give qualitatively correct behavior for resistivity versus stage and confirm that the magnitude of the anisotropy is larger than that in any previously measured compound. The technique is, however, critically sensitive to crystal defects and this precludes a definitive measurements of a-axis conductivity in these compounds. The r.f. technique which we have developed is, by contrast, insensitive to the degree of anisotropy and is shown to be well suited to the measurement of basal plane conductivities in quasi-two-dimensional systems.
An OO-PDE solver for TCAD apps

Technology computer aided design (TCAD) is concerned with modeling the structural and electrical properties of semiconductor devices. The paper discusses the uses of object oriented (OO) methods to design a new base code for all partial differential equation (PDE) based models.
Wetting Behavior in Aluminum-Alumina-Salt Systems

Wetting characteristics and interfacial properties of metal, oxide, and salt play an important role during the remelting of aluminum scrap. The contact angle between aluminum and alumina immersed in molten salt, and interfacial tensions between aluminum/alumina, aluminum/salt, and alumina/salt are important properties in this regard. In this work, the contact angle between aluminum and alumina immersed in molten salt, based on equimolar NaCl-KCl composition, was measured using the sessile drop method. The interfacial tension between alumina and salt was calculated from the measured value of the contact angle. The calculated change in free energy due to oxide film removal shows that the oxide film removal is not spontaneous.
Summertime formation of Depth Hoar in central Greenland

Summertime solar heating of near-surface snow in central Greenland causes mass loss and grain growth. These depth hoar layers become seasonal markers which are observed in ice cores and snow pits. Mass redistribution associated with depth-hoar formation can change concentrations of immobile chemicals by as much as a factor of two in the depth hoar, altering atmospheric signals prior to archival in ice. For methanesulfonic acid (MSA) this effect is not significant because the summer maximum does not coincide with the density minimum, and the amplitude of the annual (MSA) signal is more than a factor of ten.
Synonymy and anomaly

The comprehension of anomalous “strings” is frequently explained in terms of their “reduction” to grammatical and literal interpretations. Although degree of departure from grammaticality (a form of anomaly) is a potent psychological variable, the actual interpretability of anomalies has not been examined. The present study establishes some criteria, based on the concept of synonymy, for deciding if a sentence is a genuine interpretation of an anomaly. Specifically, Hoffman and Honeck’s (1976) bidirectionality paradigm was used, in which in Phase 1, subjects ranked potential interpretations in terms of their similarity to poetry Unes taken from e. e. cummings; in Phase 2, different subjects ranked these lines and foil lines with respect to the interpretations. The results met all of the criteria, indicating that the presumed interpretations were genuine and that cummings’ lines are interpretable. Discussion centered on the inadequacy of the reduction view and on the need to incorporate factors (inference, world knowledge, etc.) that allow practically unlimited flexibility in theories of understanding.
Mammalian glycosylation in immunity

This Review discusses how the diversity of glycan structures that are produced in the secretory pathway and are displayed at the cell surface and in extracellular compartments can have both homeostatic and pathogenic effects on the development and function of the mammalian immune system. Glycosylation produces a diverse and abundant repertoire of glycans, which are collectively known as the glycome. Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of all cells, and are highly regulated in the immune system. Their diversity reflects their multiple biological functions that encompass ligands for proteinaceous receptors known as lectins. Since the discovery that selectins and their glycan ligands are important for the regulation of leukocyte trafficking, it has been shown that additional features of the vertebrate immune system are also controlled by endogenous cellular glycosylation. This Review focuses on the emerging immunological roles of the mammalian glycome.
The activity of leukocyte NADPH oxidase: regulation by p47PHOX cysteine and serine residues.

The leukocyte NADPH oxidase is regulated chiefly by phosphorylation of the serines of p47PHOX, one of its cytosolic subunits. Its activity is also regulated, however, by the four cysteines of the same subunit, as indicated by the replacement of those cysteines by alanines.
ElectroOptical measurements of ultrashort 45 MeV electron beam bunch

We have made an observation of 45 MeV electron beam bunches using the nondestructive electro-optical (EO) technique. The amplitude of the EO modulation was found to increase linearly with electron beam charge and decrease inversely with the optical beam path distance from the electron beam. The risetime of the signal was bandwidth limited by our detection system to \~70ps. An EO signal due to ionization caused by the electrons traversing the EO crystal was also observed. The EO technique may be ideal for the measurement of bunch structure with femtosecond resolution of relativistic charged particle beam bunches.
Sexuality and aging a community wellness program

Community programs serving the elderly are becoming actively involved in the support of comprehensive wellness to meet the chan~ing needs of the agin adult. An occupational therapy g erspective enjoys compatibility wit 1 community wellness programs y recognizing the community as an arena for practice and by encouraging a broad view of wellness to include many occupational roles for the aging adult. This paper addresses the expression of sexuality.as a component of occupational behavior through a description of a program designed to assist the aging adult to (1) become more aware of the rocesses of normal sexual development, (2) become more aware o ! changes that are likely to occur in sexual needs and functions with aging, (3) understand the impact of illness, disability and medications on sexual functioning, and (4) view sexuality within one's occupational profile.
0059 Longitudinal measurement of work stressors in pregnancy

Objectives Pregnancy represents a dynamic period when both work conditions and worker assessment of occupational psychosocial stressors may change. We undertook longitudinal repeated measurements of job control, efforts, reward, and overcommitment in pregnant working women to assess direction and magnitude of change across pregnancy. Method The Job Content and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaires were given to 61 working pregnant women recruited at 8–12 weeks gestation and repeated 3 more times across the pregnancy. Demographic data, self-rated (SR) health and stress measures, and blood pressure (BP) data were also collected at each visit. Results were analysed using multilevel linear regression models and generalised estimating equations. Results 56 subjects (91%) completed at least two waves; 42 (69%) completed all four. Progressive declines in job efforts, rewards, and overcommitment were noted across pregnancy; ERI remained stable. Job Control increased. Black subjects showed evidence of lower job control but also lower effort-reward imbalance across pregnancy, contrasted with Whites/Hispanics. Overcommitment showed the strongest negative association with indices of maternal health, including BP, and SR stress and health. The strongest associations of job constructs with maternal health were noted at mid-second trimester (20–24 weeks) with a decline thereafter. Conclusions Correlations between occupational psychosocial stressors and intermediate pregnancy-related outcome variables are greatest in early-to-mid-pregnancy. Declining effort and increased control across pregnancy suggest that, in this group, work conditions may be improved, either by the employer or worker, as pregnancy progresses. The possibility of a critical period when associations between work stressors and pregnancy outcomes is also suggested by these results.
Increasing the Organizational Influence of Corporate Consumer Affairs Departments

Empirical research suggests that most corporate consumer affairs departments are not a part of the decision-making structure of their respective firms. The typical consumer affairs department appears to have little influence in management decisions that affect consumer satisfaction and welfare. As a result, it is of limited value for the consumer. A reason for the isolation of consumer affairs from corporate decision making may be that the department's contribution to the firm's welfare is not well understood. By showing a significant contribution to company sales, the consumer affairs department would be in a position to gain influence in the profit-seeking organization. The article identifies the relationship between sales and complaint management within a marketing framework and develops objectives for complaint management that maximize the consumer affairs department's contribution to sales thereby enhancing the power base of the department within the business organization.
Galactocerebroside sulfotransferase: further characterization of the enzyme from rat brain.

— Myelin has an unusual lipid composition, being particularly rich in sulfatide. This lipid is synthesized by the transfer of sulfate from phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate to galactocerebroside, catalyzed by galactocerebroside sulfotransferase. This paper describes a sensitive assay for the sulfotransferase (capable of measuring activity in as little as 10 μg of extracted rat brain protein) so that this enzyme can be readily investigated in isolated cells, or the small amounts of tissue available in developing animals. Both manganase (20 mm) and thiol reagents were required for optimal activity. This assay was used to monitor the purification of the sulfotransferase from rat brain. Extraction of the enzyme from crude homogenates required the nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, at pH 7–7.5. Removal of Triton X-100 from the extracted enzyme resulted in a soluble but less active enzyme, the activity of which could then be restored with detergents. Stability of the detergent-extracted enzyme was investigated, and even at —40°C there was a 20% loss of activity over 10 days. By standard procedures 500-fold purification of the enzyme has been achieved.
Application of fluid dynamics principles in tilted permeable media to terrestrial hydrothermal systems

Fluid dynamics principles require that circulation of aqueous fluid will be practically ubiquitous in tectonically active parts of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. Both experiment and theory demonstrate that flow, generally in the form of unicells (Hadley circulation), always occurs for isothermal tilts above a very small critical angle ({approximately}5{degree}), for any non-zero permeability or Rayleigh number, and even for hot over cold geometries. Interestingly, heat transport rates in the unicellular regime are essentially conductive, so such flow, unlike more vigorous flow at higher Rayleigh number, is not properly termed convective. These principles have numerous geological ramifications, including: (1) many of the hydrothermal systems developed around epizonal intrusions should be dominantly unicellular in nature, which explains their aspect ratios and the smooth and very regular {delta}{sup 18}O variations that are produced in the rocks; (2) large, long-lived unicells are predicted to occur deep in the Earth's crust wherever Rayleigh numbers are finite and isotherms are substantially inclined, as in zones of batholith intrusion, regional metamorphism, and collision; (3) unicells with lateral dimensions of several hundred kilometers are predicted to be associated with subduction zones dipping more than 6-12{degree}, with fluid advection into the hot mantle wedge being instrumental inmore » mantle metasomatism and in the generation of andesitic magmas.« less
The Assault on the Left Atrial Appendage in Perspective

For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) inappropriate for or refractory to ablation or cardioversion, the choices have been austere: treat with anticoagulation or expose the patient to a 5-fold or greater risk of embolic events including stroke. Anticoagulation remains the standard of care and
ARF6-GTP recruits Nm23-H1 to facilitate dynamin-mediated endocytosis during adherens junctions disassembly

ARF6-regulated endocytosis of E-cadherin is essential during the disassembly of adherens junctions in epithelial cells. Here, we show that activation of ARF6 promotes clathrin-dependent internalization of E-cadherin and caveolae at the basolateral cell surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ARF6-GTP, a constitutively activate form of ARF6, interacts with and recruits Nm23-H1, a nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase that provides a source of GTP for dynamin-dependent fission of coated vesicles during endocytosis. Finally, we show that ARF6-mediated recruitment of Nm-23-H1 to cell junctions is accompanied by a decrease in the cellular levels of Rac1-GTP, consistent with previous findings that Nm23-H1 down-regulates activation of Rac1. These studies provide a molecular basis for ARF6 function in polarized epithelia during adherens junction disassembly.
A Spatial Secondary Task for Measuring Laparoscopic Mental Workload Differences in Surgical Experience

The present study examined whether a spatial secondary task could distinguish among different levels of laparoscopic skill. Novices and surgeons with different levels of laparoscopic experience were asked to perform a peg transfer task on a laparoscopic simulator along with the secondary task. The results showed that novices performed more poorly than the surgeons on both the primary peg task and the secondary task. This pattern of results suggests that the primary task was more difficult for the novices leaving fewer attentional resources for the secondary task. Moreover, the results show that the spatial secondary task used in this study is sensitive to differences in mental resources required by individuals with different levels of laparoscopic surgical skill.
Talking with Feeling: Integrating Affective and Linguistic Expression in Early Language Development

Abstract The purpose of the longitudinal study reported here was to determine the developmental relation between the two systems of expression available to the young child in the period of early language learning: affect and speech. Two achievements in language were identified for a group of 12 infants: First Words, at the beginning of the single-word period (mean age about 13 months), and a Vocabulary Spurt, which occurred toward the end of the period (mean age about 19 months). Affect expression was coded continuously in the stream of the infants' activity as they and their mothers played with groups of toys and ate a snack. The occurrence of words was examined in relation to the expression of affect and the results of this study concern developments in the integration of these two forms expression. The children's words occurred closely in time with their expression of emotionally toned affect. We concluded, then, that they were learning words to express what their feelings were about even though none o...
Lunar surface charging during solar energetic particle events: Measurement and prediction

[1] We analyzed lunar surface charging during solar energetic particle (SEP) events, utilizing Lunar Prospector measurements of surface potentials and electron fluxes, and upstream energetic particle data. Outside of the magnetosphere, we find a nearly one-to-one correspondence between extreme negative lunar surface charging and large solar proton events. Using new techniques to correct for spacecraft potential, we present the first quantitative measurements of lunar charging during SEP events, during which we find that the nightside surface reaches potentials of up to −4.5 kV, with negative potentials of a kilovolt or larger often observed. These potentials are far higher than typical nightside potentials of a few hundred volts negative and may increase the risk of electrostatic discharge and/or dust effects, introducing an additional hazard to the already dangerous radiation environment. For eight of eleven event periods, surface potentials correlate with electron temperature and with the ratio of energetic electron flux to both energetic proton flux and total electron flux. For these eight events, charging models taking into account both thermal/suprathermal and energetic particle fluxes, as well as secondary emission, can successfully predict surface potentials. However, during the other three events, surface potentials do not correlate with the same measurable quantities, and charging models cannot reproduce measured potentials. In order to develop reliable and accurate models for lunar surface charging during SEP events, we will need better measurements of ion and energetic particle behavior in the lunar environment, secondary electron emission from lunar materials, and lunar surface potentials.
Preorganized Bis-Zinc Phosphodiester Cleavage Catalysts Possessing Natural Ligands: A Lesson Pertinent to Bimetallic Artificial Enzymes

Two preorganized bis-zinc receptors (2 and 3) were synthesized wherein the metals were ligated with ligands present in natural phosphodiesterases: imidazoles and carboxylates. The intrametallic distance is near 4.5 A, that found in natural nucleases and other successful artificial nucleases. With only two imidazoles (2), the zinc binding affinities were not high enough to achieve cooperativity. Yet, with a third ligand, a carboxylate (3), cooperativity was found in the cleavage of HPNPP. The preorganization of 3 was achieved using a "steric gearing" strategy. The enhancement was 80-fold for cooperation between the two metals relative to a mono-metallic analogue (5). However, there was no observable enhancement in the hydrolysis of RNA using 3 relative to 5. Therefore, we conclude that placing two zinc atoms that are ligated with natural ligands at the appropriate distance for catalysis is not sufficient to enhance the cleavage of RNA, but is successful for activated RNA substrate mimics.
Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory phase synchronization in normovolemic and hypovolemic humans.

We investigated whether and how cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory phase synchronization would respond to changes in hydration status and orthostatic stress. Four men and six women were tested during graded head-up tilt (HUT) in both euhydration and dehydration (DEH) conditions. Continuous R–R intervals (RRI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiration were investigated in low (LF 0.04–0.15 Hz) and high (HF 0.15–0.4 Hz) frequency ranges using a phase synchronization index (λ) ranging from 0 (complete lack of interaction) to 1 (perfect interaction) and a directionality index (d), where a positive value of d reflects oscillator 1 driving oscillator 2, and a negative value reflects the opposite driving direction. Surrogate data analysis was used to exclude relationships that occurred by chance. In the LF range, respiration was not synchronized with RRI or SBP, whereas RRI and SBP were phase synchronized. In the HF range, phases among all variables were synchronized. DEH reduced λ among all variables in the HF and did not affect λ between RRI and SBP in the LF region. DEH reduced d between RRI and SBP in the LF and did not affect d among all variables in the HF region. Increasing λ and decreasing d between SBP and RRI were observed in the LF range during HUT. Decreasing λ between SBP and RRI, respiration and RRI, and decreasing d between respiration and SBP were observed in the HF range during HUT. These results show that orthostatic stress disassociated interactions among RRI, SBP and respiration, and that DEH exacerbated the disconnection.
Superconductivity in ultrathin Pb films deposited on silicon

Superconducting Pb films 11 to 200 A thick have been deposited in ultrahigh vacuum on the clean (111) surface of crystalline silicon. Low-energy-electron diffraction indicated that the Pb preferentially grows with the Pb (111) plane parallel to the substrate surface. Measurements of normal-state film resistivity and of the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/ were taken in situ. The dependence of T/sub c/ on film thickness was essentially identical to that previously measured for Pb films grown epitaxially on crystalline PbTe. This result is discussed in view of the dissimilarities between the two substrate materials.
The Peng Flap: Reviewed and Refined

BACKGROUNDThe Peng flap was first described in 1987 and there has been only one subsequent article published about its use. The Peng flap is very versatile and has a greater range of application than previously described. It can be used for central and eccentric defects of the nasal tip and it is al