cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Worker Participation and the Spillover Effect: The Case of Labor-Management Committees:

Theoretical expectations of participatory theorists (e.g. Pateman, Blumberg) are applied to labor management committees (LMCs) in an effort to predict the spillover effects of workers' participation in firm decision-making on their political and social participation. The two focal points are Jamestown, N.Y. and Buffalo, N.Y. Witte has argued that conditions may obstruct the hypothesized spillover effects from occurring: co-optation, structural impotence, and misrepresentation. In Jamestown and Buffalo, evidence that all three can be expected is found. The hypothesized spillover effects are not likely to emerge from the LMC experiments in the areas studied. It is suggested that structural impotence is perhaps the major obstruction to the spillover effect in these cases and in firms in capitalist economies.
Marriage, Relationship Quality, and Sleep among U.S. Older Adults

Sleep is a restorative behavior essential for health. Poor sleep has been linked to adverse health outcomes among older adults; however, we know little about the social processes that affect sleep. Using innovative actigraphy data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 727), we considered the role of marriage, positive marital relationship support, and negative marital relationship strain on older adults' (ages 62-90) self-reported and actigraph-measured sleep characteristics. We found that married older adults had better actigraph-estimated but not self-reported sleep characteristics than the unmarried. However, among the married, those who reported more negative aspects of their marital relationship reported more insomnia symptoms, with the association reduced when psychosocial characteristics were added to the model. The married who reported more positive aspects of their marital relationship showed better actigraph-estimated sleep characteristics; taking characteristics of the physical and mental health and home environment into account reduced this association.
Adverse events, healthcare interventions and healthcare utilization during home infusion therapy with daptomycin and vancomycin: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

OBJECTIVES Vancomycin and daptomycin are the two most frequently prescribed parenteral antimicrobials for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial adverse event rates and associated healthcare interventions and healthcare utilization in patients treated with the two antimicrobials. METHODS All patients aged ≥18 years, discharged home from Cleveland Clinic on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) with daptomycin or vancomycin between 1 July 2007 and 30 June 2010 were screened. Logistic regression models were built to calculate propensity to be treated with daptomycin for each patient. Propensity score-matched vancomycin-treated controls were identified for each daptomycin-treated patient. Adverse event, healthcare intervention and healthcare utilization rates during OPAT were compared in the matched cohort using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS One thousand, two hundred and eighty-eight patients were identified. Three-to-one matching provided the best matching characteristics and identified 119 daptomycin-treated subjects (2518 OPAT days) and 357 vancomycin-treated controls (6649 OPAT days). The mean patient age was 56 years and the mean OPAT duration was 19 days. Antimicrobial adverse event rates for the daptomycin and vancomycin groups were 3.2 and 7.7 per 1000 OPAT days, respectively [relative risk (RR) 0.38; 95% CI 0.15-0.86; P = 0.02]. Antimicrobial intervention rates were 5.6 and 27.1 per 1000 OPAT days, respectively (RR 0.21; 95% CI 0.11-0.36; P < 0.001). Readmissions for worsening infection or treatment complication were not significantly different between daptomycin (5%) and vancomycin (7%). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving daptomycin at home have 60% fewer antimicrobial adverse events and require 80% fewer antimicrobial interventions than similar patients receiving vancomycin.
Diameter-Dependent Radial and Tangential Elastic Moduli of ZnO Nanowires

We show how contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) can be used to accurately determine the radial elastic moduli of [0001] ZnO nanowires with diameters smaller than 150 nm. Using a realistic tip−nanowire contact geometry, we find the radial indentation modulus from CR-AFM data and the tangential shear modulus from friction-type measurements. Both moduli show a pronounced increase when the wire diameter is reduced below 80 nm. The size dependence of the elastic properties can be explained by a core−shell model that accounts for a bulk-like core and an elastically stiffer surface layer.
Millimeter-wave dielectric properties of single-crystal ferroelectric and dielectric materials

Transmittance measurements on various single crystal ferroelectric and dielectric materials, BaTiO3, SrTiO3, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3)0.73-(PbTiO3)0.27, LaAlO3, and Bi4Ge3O12,, over a broad millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency range have been performed. Frequency dependence of the complex dielectric permittivity has been measured in the MMW region using high-power sources for the first time, using a free-space, quasi-optical MMW spectrometer equipped with high-power backward wave oscillators (BWOs) as sources of coherent radiation, tunable in the range from 30 to 120 and 180 to 260 GHz. These results are compared with MMW permittivity of these materials obtained by other methods as well as to RF, microwave, and optical frequency permittivities for all the materials tested. The effects of both crystallographic orientation and quality of the surface polishing of the crystals have been examined. Uncertainties and possible sources of instrumentation and measurement errors related to the freespace MMW technique are discussed. This work demonstrates that precise MMW permittivity data can be obtained even on relatively small and thin crystals of different surface conditions and orientations using the high-power BWO-based quasioptical approach.
Petrogenesis of Early Proterozoic pelitic schists of the southern Black Hills, South Dakota: Constraints on regional low-pressure metamorphism

The Late Archean to Early Proterozoic terrain exposed in the Black Hills, South Dakota, records a history of deformation, metamorphism, and igneous activity extending from ∼2.5 to 1.7 Ga. Metamorphism began during crustal thickening; however, maximum temperatures were attained after crustal thickening, during a regional low-pressure, high-temperature event coinciding with the emplacement of the Harney Peak granite at 1.7 Ga. Metamorphic grade increased over a distance of 10 to 15 km from garnet grade in the northern part of the terrain, to sillimanite + K-feldspar grade in the southern part. Isograds mapped in the terrain include the first appearance of staurolite + biotite, andalusite + biotite, sillimanite, sillimanite + biotite + garnet, and sillimanite + K-feldspar. In the extreme western exposure of the terrain, kyanite + biotite occurs instead of andalusite + biotite. Geobarometry indicates that metamorphism occurred between 2.0 and 4.4 kbar. Geothermometry indicates that temperature increased from 469-500 °C in the garnet zone to 528-555 °C in the sillimanite zone on the northern flank of the Harney Peak granite. Higher temperatures are recorded along the southern flank of the granite in the sillimanite + biotite + garnet zone (585 °C) and in the sillimanite + K-feldspar zone (≤662 °C). The distributions of isograds and isotherms indicate that the Harney Peak granite was at the locus of a regional thermal high and that doming during granite emplacement was partly responsible for exposure of the low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphic terrain.
In vivo three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography of a whole mouse head

An in vivo photoacoustic imaging system was designed and implemented to image the entire small animal head. A special scanning gantry was designed to enable in vivo imaging in coronal cross sections with high contrast and good spatial resolution for the first time to our knowledge. By use of a 2.25 MHz ultrasonic transducer with a 6 mm diameter active element, an in-plane radial resolution of ∼312 µm was achieved. Deeply seated arterial and venous vessels in the head measuring up to 1.7 cm in diameter were simultaneously imaged in vivo with 804 nm wavelength laser excitation of photoacoustic waves.
Integrating field observations and fracture mechanics models to constrain seismic source parameters for ancient earthquakes

Most of our understanding of earthquake rupture comes from interpretation of strong-ground-motion seismograms; however, near-rupture-tip fields of stress and particle motions are difficult to resolve. In particular, the decay of frictional resistance from a peak value at the leading tip of the rupture to a residual kinetic value and subsequent healing characterizes the earthquake process, yet the nature of this evolution in situ is still unclear. Knowledge of this coseismic frictional constitutive behavior has been supplemented by laboratory experiments, yet scaling laboratory experiments to natural faults is non-trivial because these experiments do not exactly reproduce the boundary conditions governing natural earthquakes. Field investigations of exhumed faults provide the spatial resolution needed to integrate remote seismological observations, laboratory experiments, and numerical models of the rupture process for natural ruptures. Here we build on previous work that showed that the orientation of pseudotachylyte injection veins found along the Gole Larghe fault zone in granitoid rocks of the Italian Alps can be used to infer rupture directivity and velocity. We demonstrate that the length of these veins can be used to further constrain the rupture size, slip weakening distance, stress drop, and fracture energy. The results are consistent with seismological observations and recent friction experiments incorporating rapid accelerations, placing constraints on coseismic frictional evolution in granitoid rocks.
0301 Use of acetochlor and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort

Objectives Since its registration in 1994, acetochlor, an herbicide licensed for use on corn, has been one of the most commonly used pesticides in the US. We evaluated use of acetochlor and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators. Method During a telephone interview administered from 1999–2005, participants provided information on acetochlor use and other factors. Total lifetime days of acetochlor use were calculated and an intensity-weighting algorithm was applied that accounted for factors that modify exposure. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancers that occurred from the time of interview through 2011 in Iowa and 2010 in North Carolina. We examined all cancer sites together, and individual sites with >10 exposed cases. Results Among 33 484 men, 3234 incident cancers and 304 acetochlor-exposed cases occurred. An increased risk of lung cancer was observed among ever users of acetochlor (n = 23) (RR=1.57; CI=0.95–2.59) compared to never users, but there was no evidence of an exposure response trend (p-trend=0.30). Also, there was increased risk of colorectal cancer (n = 25) with high acetochlor use (RR=1.60; CI=0.97–2.65, p-trend=0.14). Conclusions The associations between acetochlor use and colorectal and lung cancer are novel. However, due to lack of exposure-response trend, small number of exposed cases, and relatively short time between acetochlor use and cancer development, these findings warrant caution in interpretation and further investigation.
Evidence for dimorphism in rabbit hemoglobins.

SummaryThe hemoglobin of 24 rabbits was analyzed by the “finger-printing” technique and amino acid analyses. The data revealed the presence of dimorphism in rabbit hemoglobin. The difference in composition and/or structure appears to be located in the β-chain.
One-Electron Activation of Water Oxidation Catalysis

Rapid water oxidation catalysis is observed following electrochemical oxidation of [RuII(tpy)(bpz)(OH)]+ to [RuV(tpy)(bpz)(O)]3+ in basic solutions with added buffers. Under these conditions, water oxidation is dominated by base-assisted Atom Proton Transfer (APT) and direct reaction with OH–. More importantly, we report here that the RuIV═O2+ form of the catalyst, produced by 1e– oxidation of [RuII(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)]2+ to Ru(III) followed by disproportionation to [RuIV(tpy)(bpz)(O)]2+ and [RuII(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)]2+, is also a competent water oxidation catalyst. The rate of water oxidation by [RuIV(tpy)(bpz)(O)]2+ is greatly accelerated with added PO43– with a turnover frequency of 5.4 s–1 reached at pH 11.6 with 1 M PO43– at an overpotential of only 180 mV.
Abstract 2771: Development of a non-thermal plasma model for neuroblastoma treatment.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Neuroblastoma is a common extra-cranial solid tumor in children. There are several clinical categories of this disease, ranging from curable to very poor prognosis in which this cancer is treated with multi-modal therapy. We have tested a novel ablative technology, using non-thermal helium generated plasma jets, as a means to selective targeting of neuroblastoma cells. Plasma consists of partially ionized molecules, free radicals and other species. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in non-thermal plasma mediated tumor cell death, as well as the differences in response between tumor and normal cells. Treatment with non-thermal plasma induced apoptosis in cancer cells, while normal cells appear to be less sensitive to the toxic effects. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are elevated after plasma treatment, suggesting that this may contribute to cell death. Scavengers of ROS were able to abrogate apoptosis in plasma-treated cells. Plasma therapy of tumor cells may be a novel approach to delivery of high levels of ROS, offering the ability to directly target and selectively destroy neoplastic tissue. Methods enhancing the ROS effect and/or technical delivery of the free radicals uniformly to tumor cells within a mass will be needed before this technology could be translated to ablating solid tumors in vivo. Citation Format: Priya Srinivasan, Jason A. Snyder, Alexey Shashurin, Michael Keidar, Anthony D. Sandler. Development of a non-thermal plasma model for neuroblastoma treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2771. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2771 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Transformation of 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone in sediments under nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions.

The natural manure-borne hormones, 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), and estrone (E1), are routinely detected in surface water near agricultural land and wastewater treatment facilities. Once in the stream network, hormones may enter the sediment bed where they are subject to anaerobic conditions. This study focuses on the difference in anaerobic transformation rates and formation of metabolites from 17α-E2, 17β-E2, and E1 (applied at ∼3.66 μmol kg–1 of sediment on a dry weight basis) under nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions. Sediment extracts were analyzed using negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Under both redox conditions, degradation was stereospecific and followed similar trends in half-lives, 17β-E2 < 17α-E2 < E1, with degradation considerably slower under sulfate-reducing conditions. Both E2 isomers were predominantly converted to E1; however, isomeric conversion also occurred with peak concentrations of ∼1.7 mol % of 17β-E2 formed in 17α-E2 amended sedim...
Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Overcoming Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance

The debut of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Btz; Velcade®) radically and immediately improved the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of the plasma cell. Therapeutic resistance is unavoidable, however, and represents a major obstacle to maximizing the clinical potential of the drug. To address this challenge, studies have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving Btz resistance and to discover new targeted therapeutic strategies and combinations that restore Btz activity. This review discusses the literature describing molecular adaptations that confer Btz resistance with a primary disease focus on MM. Also discussed are the most recent advances in therapeutic strategies that overcome resistance, approaches that include redox-modulating agents, murine double minute 2 inhibitors, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and new epigenetic-targeted drugs like bromodomain and extra terminal domain inhibitors.
Wealth Accumulation Inequality: Does Investment Risk Tolerance and Equity Ownership Drive Wealth Accumulation?

This study examined the savings aspect of wealth accumulation by estimating differences in financial risk tolerance and equity ownership among individual investors. Data were obtained from a proprietary dataset that collected over 15,000 risk-tolerance attitude responses between late 2007 and early 2013. Two research methodologies were utilized: cluster analysis and ANCOVA. The cluster analysis identified four investor profiles: (a) young lower-income women, (b) young unmarried men, (c) young college-educated men, and (d) older men with high income and education. Results from the ANCOVA test indicated that each cluster had significantly different levels of equity ownership, controlling for financial risk tolerance. Results provide a framework and methodology for future research on issues related to wealth inequality, investment behavior, and risk attitudes. The ability to group individuals similarly can be an important tool for researchers, policy makers, social activists, financial advisers, financial counselors, and educators when analyzing the household and macroeconomic wealth profile of United States residents.
Sexuality in Europe: State interventions 1914???1945

The pre-World War I period had already seen a growing publicity around sexual matters, and an upwelling of ordinary people's interest in improving their own experiences of sex as well as avidly monitoring and theorizing about the choices made by others. Yet the impact of World War I on sexual politics and sexual mores and practices was to be tremendous. The war dramatically quickened changes in the organization and understanding of sexuality that had been underway since the turn of the century. In many nations, the interwar period would then be a time of considerably greater loosening of sexual customs. The interwar period, however, would also be marked by unprecedented efforts on the part of national and local governments to intervene in their citizens’ private lives. This would be true both for those nations that turned to fascism and for those that remained democratic. But no changes would be as convulsive and consequential as those wrought by the slaughter unleashed by Nazi Germany across the European continent in World War II.
Modelling Provenance Collection Points and Their Impact on Provenance Graphs

As many domains employ ever more complex systems-of-systems, capturing provenance among component systems is increasingly important. Applications such as intrusion detection, load balancing, traffic routing, and insider threat detection all involve monitoring and analyzing the data provenance. Implicit in these applications is the assumption that "good" provenance is captured e.g. complete provenance graphs, or one full path. When attempting to provide "good" provenance for a complex system of systems, it is necessary to know "how hard" the provenance-enabling will be and the likely quality of the provenance to be produced. In this work, we provide analytical results and simulation tools to assist in the scoping of the provenance enabling process. We provide use cases of complex systems-of-systems within which users wish to capture provenance. We describe the parameters that must be taken into account when undertaking the provenance-enabling of a system of systems. We provide a tool that models the interactions and types of capture agents involved in a complex systems-of-systems, including the set of known and unknown systems in the environment. The tool provides an estimation of quantity and type of capture agents that will need to be deployed for provenance-enablement in a complex system that is not completely known.
Handguns, Moral Rights, and Physical Security

Guns occupy a major-sometimes terrible-place in contemporary American life. Do Americans have not only a legal right, but also a moral right, to own handguns? After introducing the topic, this paper examines what a moral right to private handgun ownership would amount to. It then elucidates the logical structure of the strongest argument in favor of such a right, an argument that appeals to physical security, before assessing its cogency and identifying two questionable assumptions. In light of persisting reasonable disagreement about the argument's soundness, the paper identifies two gun control measures-demonstrated need for a gun as a condition of eligibility and the requirement to pass a rigorous gun safety course-that reasonable disputants on both sides of the issue have principled reasons to accept. The paper also advances the thesis that, if anyone has an undefeated moral right to own handguns, it is precisely those individuals who have a special need and demonstrate the relevant safety-related competence. Language: en
The characterization of Monte Carlo errors for the quantification of the value of forensic evidence

Recent developments in forensic science have lead to a proliferation of methods for quantifying the probative value of evidence by constructing a Bayes Factor that allows a decision-maker to select...
pH Dependence of Ferricytochrome c Conformational Transitions during Binding to Cardiolipin Membranes: Evidence for Histidine as the Distal Ligand at Neutral pH

The conformational changes of ferricytochrome c upon binding to cardiolipin-containing small unilamellar vesicles were studied at slightly acidic pH using fluorescence, visible circular dichroism, UV–visible absorption, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The obtained spectroscopic response data suggest a mode of interaction, which is clearly distinct from the binding process observed at neutral pH. Evidence of a reversible and electrostatic binding mechanism under these conditions is provided through binding inhibition in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. Moreover, UV–visible absorption and resonance Raman spectra reveal that the conformational ensemble of membrane bound cytochrome c is dominated by a mixture of conformers with pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated high-spin heme irons, which contrast with the dominance of low-spin species at neutral pH. While our results confirm the L-site binding proposed by Kawai et al., they point to the protonation of a histidine ligand (H33) as conformational trigger.
Conditionality as Targeting?: Participation and Distributional Effects of Conditional Cash Transfers

Conditional cash transfer programs, whereby transfers to households are conditional on school attendance or health checkups, have become a widespread policy tool. They are viewed as a means of immediate poverty alleviation through the cash payments, and as a foundation of long-term poverty reduction through the emphasis on human capital formation. Because targeted transfers are usually conditioned on the consumption of normal goods, richer eligible households are more likely to consume more educational and health care opportunities than poorer ones. Thus, the eligible poorest households may benefit least from conditional cash transfers even to the extent that they may not participate at all. If conditionality is conceptualized as a cost at the margin, it may be leading poor households to opt out. This paper proposes a framework to model household decision making on participation (or not) in cash transfer programs depending on whether a conditionality exists. The paper outlines the optimal size of the cash transfer such that a fixed government budget maximizes the poverty reduction. The paper also shows that unconditional cash transfers may be preferable over conditional cash transfers if a government has a sufficiently high degree of poverty aversion, that is, if, beyond the poverty headcount, the government cares about how poor the poor are or the distance of the poorest among the poor below the poverty line. This basic argument carries over from income poverty to education poverty. The framework can be useful in shaping the recent discussion on the merits of universal benefits over conditional transfers in reducing poverty.
Critique [of Perception and Power Through Naming: Characters in Search of Self in the Fiction of Toni Morrison by Linda Buck Myers]

There is always something final, of having said much of what appears to need saying, when we deal with opposites, when we discuss anything in terms of antipodes. Linda Buck Myers9s article, “Perception and Power through Naming: Characters in Search of a Self in the Fiction of Toni Morrison,” gives me this feeling; and, having considered the matter, she has not “said everything,” but she has pointed the way and perceptively located what should become a main vein in the study of Toni Morrison. Language has always been the very stuff of literature, and Myers is correct in highlighting Morrison9s clear desire to name anew, to baptize, as it were, the words we prosaically use in order to tum the language into a tool to provide readers with new ways of looking at black Americans. Semiotics has taught us that language does and does not designate, that it names in naming and not naming; and, having thus named, that our very words decree the interpretation of everything we see.
Remnant Liver Ischemia as a Prognostic Factor for Cancer-Specific Survival After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Importance Ischemia-reperfusion injury during hepatic resection has been shown to accelerate progression of liver cancer. However, the prognostic relevance of remnant liver ischemia (RLI) after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLMs) is unknown to date. Objectives To assess the prognostic influence of RLI after resection of CLMs and to identify correlates of greater extent of RLI. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a retrospective analysis at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center based on prospectively collected data. The study identified 202 patients who underwent curative resection of CLMs between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014, and had enhanced computed tomographic images obtained within 30 days after surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures Remnant liver ischemia was defined as reduced or absent contrast enhancement during the portal phase. Postoperative RLI was classified as grade 0 (none), 1 (marginal), 2 (partial), 3 (segmental), or 4 (necrotic) as previously defined. Experienced members of the surgical team retrospectively performed imaging assessments. Team members were masked to the postoperative outcomes. Survival after resection was stratified by RLI grade. Predictors of RLI grade 2 or higher and survival were identified. Results Among 202 patients (median [range] age, 56 [27-87] years; 84 female), the RLI grades were as follows: grade 0 (105 patients), grade 1 (47 patients), grade 2 (45 patients), grade 3 (5 patients), and grade 4 (0 patients). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates after hepatic resection were worse in patients with RLI grade 2 or higher vs grade 1 or lower (RFS at 3 years, 6.4% [3 of 50] vs 39.2% [60 of 152]; P P P = .005), multiple CLMs (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.25-5.24; P = .009), and nonanatomic resection (odds ratio [OR], 3.29; 95% CI, 1.52-7.63; P = .002) were associated with RLI grade 2 or higher. A largest metastasis at least 3 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.01-2.88; P = .045), mutant RAS (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.27-3.64; P = .005), and RLI grade 2 or higher (HR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.69-4.84; P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, remnant liver ischemia grade 2 or higher was associated with worse CSS after resection of CLMs. High-quality anatomic surgery to minimize RLI after resection is essential.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Internalizing Disorders in High-Functioning Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Anxiety and depression are often comorbid with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). There is empirical support to suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for comorbid anxiety disorders in youth with ASD. Modifications to CBT for youths with ASD have been made with emphasis on exposure being a critical component. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of CBT on symptoms of depression in youths with ASD. Modifications to CBT will be outlined in this review, as will implementation suggestions for the clinician practicing CBT with ASD youth. Limitations of the studies investigating this intervention include small sample sizes, clinician- and parent-report of symptom change but not consistent self-identified change, limited validated tools for assessing change, and lack of long-term follow-up.
ExAtlas: Online Tool to Integrate Gene Expression and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses

Abstract ExAtlas is an online, interactive tool for meta-analysis and visualization of gene expression data. Complementing other software tools, ExAtlas compares multicomponent data sets and generates results for all combinations as a table/matrix (e.g., all gene expression profiles vs. all Gene Ontology [GO] annotations). In addition to standard statistical tools (analysis of variance, principal component analysis [PCA], and pairwise comparison), ExAtlas supports meta-analysis of paired samples, global gene set enrichment and overlap, and a new method for assessing global correlation between gene expression profiles. False discovery rate is used in all statistical analyses to account for multiple hypothesis testing. ExAtlas generates output images, including heatmaps, scatterplots, bar charts, and three-dimensional PCA plots. Users can upload their own data and/or extract data from the GEO/NCBI database. Some of the most widely used public data sets (e.g., GNF/BioGPS, BrainSpan, GO, MSIGDB, GAD phenotypes, ENCODE ChIP-seq, and protein-protein interaction) are preloaded, updated, and can be used for functional annotations.
Overcoming Issues in Ancient Puerto Rican Boulder Art Research: Reflections from the La Mina Petroglyph Project

Puerto Rico has long been understood by archaeologists as a key geographical location for understanding the succession of cultural occupations in the Caribbean (Alegria, 1965; Curet, 2006; Siegel, 2005.) Unfortunately, despite the importance of archaeology in this region, the island has been continuously effected by socio-economic instability, lack of archaeological funding opportunities, few specialized academic programs, and a heavy focus on cultural resource management (CRM) rather than academic research. Though more Puerto Rican-focused archaeologists have joined the academic discussion, publications in this area are still relatively low and heavily focused on CRM and salvage work. Poor funding and resources for non-consulting archaeological projects has relegated Puerto Rico to the “island with the lowest number of publications in the Spanish Caribbean.” (L.A. Current, 2006 pg. 656). This paper will highlight some of the limitations of working in Puerto Rican archaeology. We will use the experiences we gained from our research project at the La Mina archaeological site to shed light on some of the difficulties we encountered as well as (hopefully) encourage an increase in academic and financial support for this understudied region of the Caribbean.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL KINETIC EFFECTS IN SOOT FORMATION.

Evidence indicates that the fuel pyrolysis rate and the particular burn-up time are the controlling factors in soot formation in practical combustion systems. Under premixed flame conditions, the rate of increase with temperature of fuel pyrolysis to form the soot precursors is slower than the rate of increase of the oxidative attack on the pyrolysis products. Thus increasing the flame temperature decreases the tendency to soot. Chemical kinetic and sooting equivalence ratio data will be presented to support this postulate for aliphatic fuels and to show that previous lists categorizing the tendency of fuels to soot are misleading. New chemical kinetic evidence shows that aromatic fuels may not necessarily follow this temperature trend and that the great tendency of aromatic fuels to soot may be due not only to the initial fuel structure but also to the intermediates formed during the breakdown of the ring. Since there is no oxidative attack of the fuel in a diffusion flame, sooting tendency increases with increasing flame temperature. Smoke-point data as a function of temperature reveal the importance of initial fuel structure and fuel pyrolysis kinetics.
Prostate-Specimen Antigen (PSA) Screening and Shared Decision Making Among Deaf and Hearing Male Patients.

Some deaf men who use American Sign Language (ASL) experience barriers in patient-physician communication which may leave them at disparity for shared decision making compared to hearing men. Transparent communication accessibility is needed between deaf male ASL users and their physicians to maximize the benefit to risk ratio of using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening tool for early detection. The objective is to compare shared decision-making outcomes between deaf and hearing males who are (1) age-eligible for PSA screening and (2) younger than 45 years old with a family history of cancer. An accessible health survey including questions about PSA test, PCC, modes of communication, and cancer history was administered in ASL to a nationwide sample of deaf adults from February 2017 to April 2018. Two subsamples were created: (1) 45- to 69-year-old men who were age-eligible for PSA testing and (2) 18- to 44-year-old men with a family history of cancer. Age-eligible and younger deaf men with a family history of cancer are at disparity for shared decision making compared to their hearing peers. Regardless of age and PSA testing status, deaf men felt significantly less engaged in shared decision making with their health care providers compared to hearing men. Participation in shared decision making requires not only accessible communication but also cultural competency in working with deaf patients. This is critical in the shared decision-making era in maximizing the benefit of prostate cancer screening in deaf male patient population.
Embodied energy injustices: Unveiling and politicizing the transboundary harms of fossil fuel extractivism and fossil fuel supply chains

Abstract We introduce the new concept of embodied energy injustices in order to encourage integrative, systemic, transboundary assessment of the global implications and responsibility of energy-policy decisions. Embodied energy injustices reframe considerations of energy justice to explicitly consider hidden and distant injustices (upstream or downstream) arising from the extraction, processing, transportation and disposal of energy resources. We assess the embodied energy injustices connected to the decision to decommission a coal-fired power plant in Salem, Massachusetts, US, and its replacement with a natural-gas-fired power station. Cerrejon open-pit coalmine in La Guajira, Colombia, powered the Salem plant for over a decade. Fracked gas from Pennsylvania now supplies fuel for the new power station. Comparing the extraction of these two very different fuels reveals multiple parallel injustices. But the regulatory environment fails to account for the different constituencies, jurisdictions and effects that fall outside the formal remit of existing impact assessments. We therefore call for mandatory transboundary impact assessments of large-scale energy-related projects, which explicitly integrate previously unrecognized social-environmental harms and injustices. Expanding energy law and policy discussions to incorporate embodied energy injustices can enhance sustainable energy governance and enable corporate accountability for the transboundary harms of fossil fuel extraction and use. Linking chains of energy injustice—by revealing their interconnected positions along fossil-fuel supply chains—may help generate and unite powerful trans-local solidarity movements, which politicize local struggles within wider national, regional and global energy politics.
Cloud Based Information Retrieval Device for Augmentation of Real Time Images

This discussion aims at introducing an electronic device with a transparent display screen put to the specific use-case of augmenting real-world images. This can be very useful for an individual who wants to extract reliable information with efficiency and ease. There has been extensive research on transparent devices over the past few years. A transparent device may contain two layers-one for information extraction from surroundings and another one for display. In some cases, a single layer may be able to serve both the purposes. The following section discusses in detail the information extraction/display features exhibited by the device. The idea is to capture the documents which consist of images, handwritten text, maps and mathematical and chemical equations. Using scanning technology or 360-degree camera, we are able to capture the documents. The present invention determines the real time text/ images from the documents and understands them. By the image recognition technique, features like words, formulae, real numbers, shapes of diagrams/ maps etc. are extracted collectively from the images. The data thus extracted is analyzed using Natural Language Processing and Machine learning techniques and matched with the key results in the cloud, as a result giving more insights to the text or diagram. The cloud search typically includes the latest data from the APIs such as wolfram alpha, Wikipedia, articles, current affairs etc., as a result, our final solutions to any query are detailed and will relate to the context and meaning. Our novel device primarily aims to teach students in a digitized way by providing summarizations and helping them understand the logical flow by providing an enhanced solution with steps involved.
Different measures of speckle and coherence at the output of a multimode optical fiber.

Excitation of a multimode fiber with a focused spatially coherent light of finite bandwidth results in a partially coherent light at the output of the fiber. Here we study the properties of speckle and classical coherence of such light with analytical theory, numerical modeling, and experimentally. Of particular interest is the relationship between measures of coherence and speckle and their dependence on input source bandwidth and fiber length. Speckle contrast is easy to measure experimentally and there exist at least two different methods to generate ensembles of random speckles. We show that speckle contrast evaluated over the ensemble of external diffusers is related to the number of effective modes—one of the characteristics of beam global coherence. The other speckle contrast measure evaluated over the ensemble of random bends and twists of the fiber is related to residual coherence, which is the pedestal on the average modulus of the complex degree of the coherence function on the output endface of the fiber.
A Closer Look at Entrepreneur Selection

Although pipeline development is an important first step for accelerators, entrepreneur selection is perhaps the most controversial aspect of their work. From the most practical perspective, selecting promising but overlooked entrepreneurs is a cornerstone of any successful accelerator. Most program managers believe that the best way to ensure maximum return on their human, social, and financial capital investments is to ensure that these resources are directed toward ventures with the best chance of delivering and scaling impact. Therefore, they invest an immense amount of thought and effort selecting the most promising entrepreneurs into their cohorts. On the other hand, accelerators that end up delivering excellent results are often accused of simply cherry-picking entrepreneurs and ventures that would have succeeded any way. This accusation matters when presenting evidence to potential funders and supporters. If left unchallenged, the push to interpret accelerator effects solely through the lens of randomized or pseudo-randomized experimentation discounts this critical aspect of accelerator work. Rather than considering selection as a problematic confound in assessments of program efficacy, this chapter frames it as one of three core domains of work and examines several of the choices made by high-NFF and low-NFF programs to see which of them produce better accelerator outcomes.
The Response of Child Nutrition to Changes in Income: Linking Biology with Economics

It is regularly pointed out that despite impressive economic growth India has the largest number of malnourished children in the world. It also has the largest number of people with diabetes despite moderate levels of obesity. These two observations may in fact be linked; poverty breeds malnutrition in children and chronic diseases in adults. This article reviews evidence on the critical role of early nutrition both for long-term health and also for reducing the intergenerational transmission of poverty. (JEL codes: I12, I14, O15) Copyright The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Ifo Institute, Munich. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Sudden death associated with contrast medium, Sinografin.

A case of sudden death following the injection into the uterine cavity of a contrast medium, Sinografin®, is reported.
Opening TRPP2 (PKD2L1) requires the transfer of gating charges

The opening of voltage-gated ion channels is initiated by transfer of gating charges that sense the electric field across the membrane. Although transient receptor potential ion channels (TRP) are members of this family, their opening is not intrinsically linked to membrane potential, and they are generally not considered voltage gated. Here we demonstrate that TRPP2, a member of the polycystin subfamily of TRP channels encoded by the PKD2L1 gene, is an exception to this rule. TRPP2 borrows a biophysical riff from canonical voltage-gated ion channels, using 2 gating charges found in its fourth transmembrane segment (S4) to control its conductive state. Rosetta structural prediction demonstrates that the S4 undergoes ∼3- to 5-A transitional and lateral movements during depolarization, which are coupled to opening of the channel pore. Here both gating charges form state-dependent cation-π interactions within the voltage sensor domain (VSD) during membrane depolarization. Our data demonstrate that the transfer of a single gating charge per channel subunit is requisite for voltage, temperature, and osmotic swell polymodal gating of TRPP2. Taken together, we find that irrespective of stimuli, TRPP2 channel opening is dependent on activation of its VSDs.
What Is the Relationship Between the Chinese and US Stock Markets? Bivariate Analysis

In this chapter, we explore the relationship between two random variables using the example of the Chinese and US stock markets. How does the performance of the S&P 500 impact the Chinese stock market and vice versa? Are the impacts the same when the US market is bullish and bearish? How long do the impacts last? Is there a scientific way to measure the impacts and formulate an investment strategy? We answer all of these questions in this chapter. First, we introduce the Chinese stock market with a focus on its origins, development, and special features. We then introduce bivariate analysis, the concepts of correlation and rank correlation, and how to apply correlation to measure the relationship between the S&P 500 and CSI 300. We present industry approaches, such as spillover effects and information decay, and demonstrate how to explore the asymmetry of the relationship between the two stock markets. On the programming side, we show how to write a function in R and introduce various methods for loops.
5.4 GHz Acoustic Delay Lines in Lithium Niobate Thin Film with 3 dB Insertion Loss

In this work, we present the low-loss acoustic delay lines (ADLs) at 5.4 GHz, using the first-order antisymmetric (A1) mode in lithium niobate thin films. The ADLs use a single-phase unidirectional transducer (SPUDT) design with a feature size of the quarter acoustic wavelength. The fabricated miniature A1 ADLs with a feature size of 0.45 μm show a center frequency of 5.4 GHz, a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 3.0 dB, and a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 1.6% while occupying a footprint of 0.0074 mm2. The simultaneously low IL and high operating frequency significantly surpass the state-of-the-art performance of ADLs. The propagation characteristics of A1 acoustic waves have also been extracted. The demonstrated performance can potentially enable low-loss, high-frequency transversal filter applications for future 5G applications in the sub-6 GHz spectrum bands.
The Metaphoric Float

The ‘logic-gate’ engine’s basic Boolean logic operation marks and deploys negation(s), assigning exclusions and restricting particulars from groupings—constructing contradiction and identity contingencies. Negation marks operate on groupings, and also on themselves. The gate is set to negation combinations—particularly, canceling contradiction status, or rules. Gate functions form patterns designating operations specifiable in computer simulations. The gate-as-function ‘floats’ from one to another target grouping or particular to another. Its changes of target and negation combinations make its logic deeply one of transition. Concepts, categories, propositions—thoughts—change. Applied to the ‘Trio,’ logic and syntax effects of gate functions ‘float,’ affecting psychological phenomena, their embodiment, and also social context for expression and action. The gate’s negation arrays affect logical, schematic, and psychological status of truth and doubt concepts. Gate logic, present clues to PARRY’s and the Trio’s common logic patterns and modality rules, determining SV’s foci on the Trio.