cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harvesting 67Cu from the Collection of a Secondary Beam Cocktail at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory

Isotope harvesting is a promising new method to obtain isotopes for which there is no reliable continuous supply at present. To determine the possibility of obtaining radiochemically pure radioisotopes from an aqueous beam dump at a heavy-ion fragmentation facility, preliminary experiments were performed to chemically extract a copper isotope from a large mixture of projectile fragmentation products in an aqueous medium. In this work a 93 MeV/u secondary beam cocktail was collected in an aqueous beam stop at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) located on the Michigan State University (MSU) campus. The beam cocktail consisted of ∼2.9% 67Cu in a large mixture of co-produced isotopes ranging in atomic number from ∼19 to 34. The chemical extraction of 67Cu was achieved via a two-step process: primary extraction using a divalent metal chelation disk followed by anion-exchange chromatography. A significant fraction (74 ± 4%) of the 67Cu collected in the aqueous beam stop was recovered with ...
Asymmetric Information in Loan Renegotiation: The Importance of Originator-Servicer Affiliation

We present evidence that affiliation between the debt renegotiator and the originator represents a mechanism to reduce asymmetric information inherent in debt renegotiation. We hypothesize that affiliation affords servicers lower-cost access to borrower information, thus improving their ability to implement efficient debt restructuring. Consistent with this hypothesis, affiliation affects the likelihood, form, and effectiveness of modifications in a large sample of delinquent securitized mortgages. In a significant departure from the recent literature, we show that the additional information available through affiliation is "hard" in nature. As banks disintegrate origination and servicing, information critical for debt renegotiation will be lost.
Friends and Benefits: Why Newman's Stringent Personal Benefit Test Should Be Adopted

This Article analyzes the current Circuit split about the interpretation of the “personal benefit” test, which defines the scope of insider trading liability for tippees. In United States v. Newman, the Second Circuit held that, in order to satisfy the personal benefit test, the tipper and tippee must have a “meaningfully close personal relationship that is objective, consequential, and represents at least a potential gain of a pecuniary or similarly valuable nature.” In United States v. Salman, the Ninth Circuit rejected this test. The Supreme Court granted certiorari in Salman, and this Article seeks to provide guidance to the Court. First, this Article argues that Newman’s stringent personal benefit test is within the borders of Dirks v. SEC, the case in which the Court first pronounced the personal benefit test. Second, this Article examines the positive and negative effects of a more stringent personal benefit test. Finally, drawing therefrom, this Article recommends the adoption of the Newman personal benefit test. Somewhat ironically, the outcome in Salman would likely be the same under Newman because a pecuniary gain can be inferred from a familial relationship. Beyond Salman, however, adopting the Newman test would protect securities analysts and other distant acquaintances from unwarranted insider trading prosecution.
Selfie, sex tape, ‘snuff’ film: Andris Grinbergs's Pašportrets

ABSTRACTPasportrets/Self-Portrait, a 1972 short film by Latvian body and performance artist Andris Grinbergs, is both a singular artifact of Cold War-era Soviet dissident culture and an addition to first-person quasi-documentary cinema's experimental vein. Hailed by filmmaker-critic Jonas Mekas as ‘one of the five most sexually transgressive films ever made,’ Pasportrets is a selfie avant la lettre and a prototypical sex tape – important medium-specificity considerations aside – though its greater historical significance may reside in the fact that it was essentially social media deprived of social circulation. It shares similarities, both in editing style and visual content, with certain films of the so-called American underground, Western European auteurs and various East European New Waves, although Pasportrets lacked their access to audiences. This predicament beset a cycle of contemporaneous, self-portrait works by members of Birojs (Office), a small collective of Latvian artists that included Grinbe...
Response to Fonagy

Peter Fonagy's critical commentary entails a blend of, on one hand, misrepresentations of my views so that he argues against positions I do not hold and, on the other hand, real substantive differences. With respect to the latter, for example, when Fonagy equates “doublethinking” with “recognition … of the limitations of scientific methodology,” he misses the way in which the articulated “limitations” often unequivocally undermine the privileging of systematic research relative to case studies, a privileging that I call upon Fonagy, Safran, Strenger, and others to repudiate. Embedded in the debate there is an interlude, in effect, of dialogue about a vignette in the “Doublethinking” plenary/essay, a dialogue that illustrates the way I believe understanding can advance in our field. Such progressive development of understanding involves reports of clinical experiences and discussion of those reports from various points of view. Associated “Nonlinear Constructivist Learning” yields heightened clinical sensi...
The Photooxidative Degradation of N-Methylpyrrolidinone in the Presence of Cs3PW12O40 and TiO2 Colloid Photocatalysts

The mechanisms of the heterogeneous photocatalytic behavior of TiO2 and Cs3PW12O40 for the oxidative destruction of N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) in water are discussed. Both photocatalysts generate N-methylsuccinimide (NMS) and succinimide as the main intermediates from oxidation at the α-carbon and methyl positions. 2-Pyrrolidinone (2P) and 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrolidinone (5-HNMP) have also been identified as primary intermediates. These intermediates are all broken down under further photooxidation. However, differences in product distribution indicate the possibility of several mechanistic pathways. Hydroxyl radical-like attack predominates for TiO2-photocatalyzed degradation, whereas the polyoxotungstate appears to oxidatively destroy NMP by both OH radical attack and direct oxidation. For TiO2, the relative quantum yields for NMP oxidation (0.5 g L-1 TiO2, pH 3, 254 nm, 7 × 10-6 ein sec-1) increase from <0.01 at 10 ppm NMP to near 0.03 at 60−100 ppm. For Cs3PW12O40 under the same conditions, the appar...
Low Temperature Deposition of Polycrystalline Silicon thin Films by Hot-Wire CVD

In this study, we have deposited polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films by hot-wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using hydrogen and disilane as the reactive gases. We selectively activate hydrogen and let disilane bypass the hot tungsten filament assembly and enter the reactor downstream from hydrogen. This may provide a better process chemistry, and by this approach, we have deposited poly-Si films at a substrate temperature as low as 310°C and at a growth rate as high as 100 A/min. The substrate temperature is more than 2000C lower and the growth rate is more than twice higher compared to those of LPCVD poly-Si films. The effect of hydrogen flow rate, disilane flow rate and substrate temperature on the deposition rate and structural properties of the polysilicon films are investigated. The deposited films are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Sulfidation and Post-Sulfidatton Reactions on Gallium Arsenide

Chemical treatment of GaAs with sulfur-containing compounds has been shown to improve GaAs surface electronic properties. There is still considerable controversy, however, regarding the chemical nature of the surface film which results from the sulfidation, and of the basis of the electronic improvement and of the decay in the improved electronic properties with time. We have investigated the surface chemistry of the chemical sulfidation treatment of GaAs with Na2S.9H2O and (NH4)2S. Using surface infrared reflection spectroscopy (SIRS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we have studied the GaAs surface and its behavior with time after such treatments. Results show that both of these sulfidation treatments removed the chemical oxide of GaAs, leaving behind a thin film on the surface. XPS results show that the Ga-O and As-O peaks were removed after treatment and that As-S and no Ga-S peaks were formed. Infrared results show that the film deposited after Na2S.9H2O treatment slowly reacted in air to form sodium carbonate and rhombic sulfur. In addition, this film contains compounds with sulfur-oxygen bonds, which most likely were arsenic sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate salts. The film deposited on the (NH4)2Streated GaAs surface was identified as ammonium thiosulfate and slowly decomposed with time. Rinsing with water removed the thin film formed after either sulfidation treatment.
Evidence for involvement of microtubules in the action of vasopressin in toad urinary bladder

Colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine have been found to inhibit the action of vasopressin on water movement in the toad urinary bladder. Tubulin is the major colchicine binding component of toad bladder epithelial cells, accounting for approximately 3.3% of the total cell protein. More than 99% of the tubulin is found in the soluble fraction after sonication, the remainder is in the particulate fraction. Similar to the characteristics of the binding of colchicine to tubulins from other sources, the binding of colchicine to toad bladder tubulin is temperature- and time-dependent, is inhibited competitively by podophyllotoxin (K i =5.5×10−7 m), and has a binding constant of 1×106 liters/mole at 37°. Binding activity decays according to first-order kinetics and is stabilized by vinblastine. The characteristics of the interactions of colchicine and podophyllotoxin with epithelial cell tubulinin vitro closely parallel the ability of these drugs to inhibit the response to vasopressinin vitro. These results, coupled with those of functional and morphological studies, support the view that the ability, of these drugs to affect vasopressin-induced water movement across toad bladder epithelial cells is related to the depolymerization of cytoplasmic microtubules.
Risk stratification and early oncologic outcomes following robotic prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the popularity of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy is assured, little is known about the oncologic outcomes following the procedure. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including consecutive patients who underwent the surgery between 2003 and 2007 with at least 6 months of follow-up (n=464). Patients were stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups according to D'Amico criteria. Biochemical failure was defined as a PSA > or =0.2 ng/mL. RESULTS Of study patients, 256 (55%), 171 (37%), and 37 (8%) were classified as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk, respectively. Over a mean follow-up of 14.1 months (range, 6.0 to 55.3), 7.3% experienced biochemical failure. Biochemical disease-free survival at 30 months was 94%, 79%, and 73% among patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively, (P<0.001). Preoperative risk stratification was strongly associated with biochemical failure, with hazard ratios of 5.04 (95%: 1.52 to 16.7; P<0.001) and 7.04 (95%: 1.39 to 35.6; P < 0.001) for intermediate- and high- over low-risk groups, respectively. The ability of risk stratification to predict biochemical failure had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.74. CONCLUSION Robotic prostatectomy provides excellent cancer control outcomes for clinically localized disease.
CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND POTASSIUM USE EFFICIENCY OF TROPICAL RAINFORESTS

A useful index of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is the relationship between litterfall mass and the quantity of a nutrient returned to the ground by litterfall and by aqueous leaching from aboveground vegetative surfaces. Using previously published data, Ca, Mg and K use by tropical rainforests in widely separated geographic localities were considered in relation to the availability of these nutrient elements in the soil. Significant inverse relationships were found between Ca use efficiency and soil Ca availability (P 0.1). The predicted inverse relationship between tropical rainforest NUE and soil fertility is evidently not consistent for all nutrient elements.
Epidemiological analysis of influenza A(H1N1) in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing city in 2009

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing city and to establish a more pertinent control of influenza A(H1N1).Methods Descriptive epidemiological study was performed to analyze the characteristics of influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in 2009 in the Jiulongpo district of Chongqing city.Results 16 influenza A(H1N1) outbreak involving 64 reported cases were found.The average rate of prevalence was 0.36%(64/17778).Most of the outbreak occurred in schools in September.Conclusion The influenza A(H1N1) outbreak was mainly in schools.Timely report is an effective measure to control the infection.
Abstract 5587: Personalized risk prediction tool for esophageal adenocarcinoma in Caucasian population

Backgrounds: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a deadly disease with the greatest increasing incidence rate among all cancers in the past few decades in the U.S. We aimed to develop a powerful risk prediction tool for EAC to assist in the prevention and early detection of this disease. Methods: A large case control study consisting of 924 EAC patients with 925 frequency-matched healthy controls was used to identify potential risk factors for EAC by univariate logistic regression. Stepwise logistic regression was used to select significant predictors in the final multivariate model. Discriminatory accuracy was measured by generating the receiver operator curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). We also calculated the 5-year and 10-year absolute risk of developing EAC for hypothetical individuals with varying risk factor combinations. A simplified risk score (RS) was developed for easier risk communications and disseminations. Results: BMI, physical activity, smoking, family history, dietary intake, exposure to exhaust, Barrett9s esophagus, hernia, esophageal ulcer, and GERD were included in the final model. The discriminative ability is excellent AUC of 0.884. Individuals with the highest RS have a 99% chance to be EAC cases compared to 1.4% for those with the lowest RS. Conclusions: We developed a comprehensive risk prediction model for EAC with excellent model performance. This model has the potential to be utilized in the clinic and public health settings to provide evidence-based risk mitigation strategy and identify high-risk population for targeted screening or prevention trials and for early detection of EAC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Xia Pu, Jaffer A. Ajani, Jian Gu, Xiangjun Gu, Yuanqing Ye, Xifeng Wu. Personalized risk prediction tool for esophageal adenocarcinoma in Caucasian population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5587. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5587
Mega-classification: discovering motifs in massive datastreams

We report on the development and application of an efficient unsupervised learning procedure for the classification of an unsegmented datastream, given a set of probabilistic binary similarity judgments between regions in the stream. Our method is effective on very large databases, and tolerates the presence of noise in the similarity judgements and in the extents of similar regions. We applied this method to the problem of finding the sequence-level building blocks of proteins. After verifying the effectiveness of the clusterer by testing it on synthetic protein data with known evolutionary history, we applied the method to a large protein sequence database (a datastream of more than 107 elements) and found about 10,000 protein sequence classes. The motifs defined by these classes are of biological interest, and have the potential to supplement or replace the existing manual annotation of protein sequence databases.
The Value of True Belief

If the value of knowledge cannot be explained adequately in terms of things external to it, such as its usefulness or its permanence or its role as a foundation for acceptable action, we will have to look at internal features in order to find the value of knowledge. Perhaps the value of knowledge will emerge as we look at its (purported) constituents, and because knowledge is ordinarily conceived to involve true belief, I begin with the value of true belief here. There are those who doubt that knowledge involves true belief, maintaining that belief itself is a quite different state from knowledge. There are even those who maintain that there is no such thing as belief. I do not want to become embroiled in these controversies, because these disputes will take us too far afield from the focus of this work on the value of knowledge. Given that focus, our interest can concentrate on the connection between the shared informational content that exists both when a person knows something and when that person only believes it. When a person knows something, there is informational content in the cognitive, as opposed to the affective, mental realm, informational content endorsed by the person, or to which that person is committed, or to which that person assents.
Flexible Intestinal Endoscopy

While flexible intestinal endoscopy is routinely scheduled and performed in the inpatient and outpatient setting it remains a fairly uncommon procedure in the critical care area. In this setting, the indications and techniques often differ from that of elective procedures. This chapter discusses the role of upper and lower endoscopy, common indications, intensive care management principles, and equipment preparation for the procedure. Additionally, potential complications and pitfalls are highlighted.
Queer Literacy Framework

This chapter introduces a framework for engaging literacy “queerly” by introducing a queer literacy framework (QLF). The QLF concomitantly pivots adolescence/ts toward (a)gender and (a)sexuality self-determination in order to promote a continuum for (a)gender and (a)sexuality justice. The QLF illustrates ten key principles for a queer literacy framework, describes subsequent commitments by teachers, and provides concrete considerations for its future autonomy.
Multivisceral transplantation for abdominal tumors in children: A single center experience and review of the literature.

Standard management of intra-abdominal pediatric solid tumors requires complete resection. However, tumors with multiple organ and vascular involvement present a unique surgical challenge. We conducted a retrospective chart review of four patients, aged 2-14 years, undergoing MVT for intra-abdominal tumors with significant involvement of the visceral arteries and/or portomesenteric venous system at our institution. Indications for MVT included hepatocellular carcinoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and two cases of hepatoblastoma. Grafts included liver, stomach, small bowel, and pancreas in all patients, with two patients also receiving spleens, and one, a partial esophageal transplant. Median hospital stay was 80 days. Postoperative complications included reoperation for abdominal hematoma and bowel obstruction, steroid responsive intestinal rejection, wound dehiscence, fungemia, seizures, and chyle leak with pleural effusion. One patient developed Epstein-Barr virus-associated complications which responded well to treatment. On follow-up (range 2.8-7.8 years), all patients have satisfactory graft function and no evidence of recurrent disease. MVT is an effective means of achieving complete gross resection of intra-abdominal malignancies in patients with multiple organ and vascular involvement.
Bringing Transparency to Medicine: Exploring Physicians' Views and Experiences of the Sunshine Act

© 2017, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act (PPSA) requires health care product manufacturers to report to the federal government payments more than $10 to physicians. Bringing unprecedented transparency to medicine, PPSA holds great potential for enabling medical stakeholders to manage conflicts of interest (COI) and build patient trust—crucial responsibilities of medical professionalism. The authors conducted six focus groups with 42 physicians in Chicago, IL, San Francisco, CA, and Washington, DC, to explore attitudes and experiences around PPSA. Participants valued the concept of transparency but were wary of the law's design and consequences. They downplayed PPSA's potential and felt it undermined public trust. Showing broad unawareness of COI, they dismissed the notion of industry influence and welcomed company “perks.” Misapprehensions may leave physicians unprepared to advance the opportunities PPSA holds for professionalism. The authors offer recommendations for government and medicine to improve physicians' and other stakeholders' understandings and use of the data.
Measuring Inflammasome Activation in Response to Bacterial Infection

Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling platforms assembled in response to viral and bacterial pathogens as well as endogenous danger signals. Inflammasomes serve as activation platforms for the mammalian cysteine protease caspase-1, a central mediator of innate immunity. The hallmarks of inflammasome activation are the processing of caspase-1, the maturation and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the induction of pyroptosis, a lytic inflammatory cell death. This protocol describes methods for studying inflammasome activation in response to bacterial pathogens in bone-marrow derived murine macrophages (BMDMs). In particular, we outline the protocols to measure cytokine maturation by ELISA and pyroptosis by the release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). In addition, we describe methods to visualize endogenous ASC specks or foci in infected cells and to study the release of processed caspase-1, caspase-11 and mature cytokines into the cell supernatant by Western blotting. General considerations are discussed to design and optimize the infection protocol for the study of inflammasome activation by other bacterial pathogens.
Politics of Point of Care Ultrasound

Point of care ultrasound is not free of politics. However, there are specific issues related to ultrasound imaging that differ from other political challenges encountered in hospitals and out of hospital facilities. These are driven by turf, money, and pride but are impacted by laws and regulations and can have local as well as national components. Understanding the politics involved in establishing a point of care ultrasound program is critical to not only building a thriving program but also long-term survival itself.
Defining Anatomy and Blood Flow in the Threatened Limb: Rising to the Challenge With Noninvasive Imaging.

See Article by Alvelo et al Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a large and growing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, reflecting the limb-threatening end stage of progressive lower-extremity arterial disease.1 The factors that ultimately tip the balance between required and available tissue perfusion are not fully understood, but both arterial inflow and local microcirculatory components are felt to play a role.2 Aggressive risk factor modification, antiplatelet therapy, and structured exercise programs play an important role in the patient with lower-extremity arterial disease, but as symptoms progress to CLI, local interventions become necessary. It is widely accepted that arterial revascularization is the single most effective therapy to promote ulcer healing, relieve rest pain, and prevent limb amputation, such that ≤90% of patients with CLI will undergo a revascularization procedure.1 In recent years, huge technical strides have been made in the approach to the femoral, popliteal, and infrapopliteal arteries, spearheaded by advances in endovascular therapy.3 Balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, or stenting can often reestablish flow to tissues at risk, sufficient to promote ulcer healing and help fight infection. In this context, debate is ongoing about the benefits of targeting the specific leg artery that, in health, is responsible for providing flow to the ulcerated skin or gangrenous tissues. The association between a specific leg artery and the tissues it supplies has been formalized in the angiosome model originally espoused by Taylor and Palmer.4 An angiosome identifies …
A High School Replication of Targeted Professional Development for Classroom Management

In areas of emerging research, such as supporting teachers’ classroom management, replication of research is critical to ensuring that recommendations for the field are based on sound science and a...
Cystitis Follicularis in Children with Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

In an attempt to determine whether cystitis follicularis affects the spontaneous resolution of primary vesicoureteral reflux we reviewed the records of 65 children with reflux and cystitis follicularis. A group of children with primary vesicoureteral reflux but without cystitis follicularis was included as controls. The data did not reveal a statistically significant difference in either the rate of spontaneous resolution of reflux or the need for surgical correction between these 2 groups of children.
Utility of DNA Flow Cytometric Analysis of Paraffin-embedded Tissue in the Risk Stratification and Management of 'Indefinite for dysplasia' in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The clinical significance of 'indefinite for dysplasia' [IND] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. Currently, no biomarker can reliably differentiate reactive changes from true dysplasia and/or risk stratify IND. METHODS A total of 52 IND colon biopsies were analysed by DNA flow cytometry. The follow-up result of each biopsy was determined by reviewing all subsequent biopsies and endoscopic reports for the occurrence of high-grade dysplasia [HGD] or colorectal cancer [CRC] at the site of previous biopsy or in the same segment of colon. RESULTS The overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year detection rates of HGD or CRC in all 52 IND cases were 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0%-10.6%), 18.2% [95% CI, 3.5%-30.7%], 26.3% [95% CI, 8.4%-40.7%], and 31.6% [95% CI, 11.2%-47.4%], respectively. More interestingly, 10.6% of IND cases with aneuploidy were subsequently found to have HGD or CRC within 1 year [95% CI, 0.0%-23.7%], with 36.4% [95% CI, 7.1%-56.5%], 51.7% [95% CI, 16.1%-72.2%], and 59.8% [95% CI, 21.4%-79.5%] detected within 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. By comparison, in the setting of normal DNA content, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year detection rates of HGD or CRC were 0.8% [95% CI, 0.0%-2.7%], 3.3% [95% CI, 0.0%-9.6%], 5.2% [95% CI, 0.0%-14.7%], and 6.5% [95% CI, 0.0%-18.1%], respectively. Only the presence of aneuploidy was found to be a significant predictor of HGD or CRC with the estimated univariate and multivariate hazard ratios of 13.8 [p = 0.016] and 50.3 [p = 0.010], respectively. CONCLUSIONS IND may not be a low-risk condition for HGD or CRC. In this regard, the presence of aneuploidy can identify a subset of IND cases that are at increased risk for subsequent detection of HGD or CRC.
Accountability matters: beyond commitment, the role of accountability mechanisms in implementing plans in mixed income communities

This article explores the role of formal accountability mechanisms as a necessity to fulfill HOPE VI plan goals and the limitations of participant commitment during plan implementation. The presenc...
Consumer Responses to Scarcity Appeals in Online Booking

Abstract Scarcity appeals, highlighting a product or a service is scarce due to “high demand” or “limited supply,” are ubiquitous in the travel industry. However, all scarcity appeals are not equally effective in persuading consumers. The current research investigates the joint effects of scarcity appeal type (demand-framed vs. supply-framed) and consumers’ sense of power on purchase intention in the online booking context. The results show that the demand-framed (vs. supply-framed) scarcity appeal leads to higher purchase intention among consumers with a high sense of power, whereas such a difference is attenuated among consumers with a low sense of power. Furthermore, mediation analysis reveals that perceived risk is the psychological mechanism underlying these effects. Managerial implications for online booking platforms are discussed.
Imprisonment, opioids and health care reform: The failure to reach a high-risk population.

Abstract The 2014 National Research Council report on American incarceration optimistically anticipated the Affordable Care Act (ACA) would be “a turning point in the nation's health care, and … will provide unprecedented access to care for many people being released from correctional facilities.” However, the ACA was not designed to proactively respond to risks associated with prisoner re-entry into society. Our overarching hypothesis is that unmet health needs among previously incarcerated adults can be more fully understood by analyzing how un-prescribed use of drugs, such as opioids, is associated with economic and health problems and health care un-insurance that in turn results in exclusion from needed health care services. Using several waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health conducted before and after passage and implementation of ACA, our analysis indicates that the above risk factors nearly fully mediate the association between previous incarceration and failure to receive needed health care. We argue that these factors are likely intensified by a reactive approach to health care reform that not only fails to cover many former prisoners, but also is lacking in sufficient outreach programming, and as such is insufficient for adults with health problems and limited economic resources - especially those using un-prescribed opioids. Future work should address the capacity of more proactively organized public health programs to expand coverage to previously incarcerated populations - including un-prescribed opioid users - and thereby reduce their health risks and vulnerability to repeated exposure to law enforcement surveillance and criminal punishment.
The Prime Form E(x,y).

Given an arbitrary compact Riemann surface X, of genus g, wouldn’t it be handy if we had a holomorphic function E: X × X → ¢ such that E(x,y) = 0 if and only if x = y? Although such a function doesn’t exist, it turns out that it “almost” does! To understand part of the problem and how to fix it, let’s look at the simplest case: Example. Let X = IP1. The function x-y works on IP1-{∞} but not on all of IP1. So consider instead the “differential”: $$ {\rm E}\left( {x,y} \right) = \frac{{x - y}} {{\sqrt {dx} \sqrt {dy} }}, $$ where \( \sqrt {dx} ,\sqrt {dy} \) are defined as follows.
Intermediate to Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Cryoablation for Renal Masses.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation (CA) for treatment of renal masses in a large cohort of patients. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included 299 CA procedures (297 masses in 277 patients) performed between July 2007 and May 2018 at a single institution. The mean patient age was 66.1 years (range, 30–93 years) with 65.8% being male. A total of 234 (78.8%) masses were biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The mean maximal tumor diameter was 2.5 cm (range, 0.7–6.6 cm). Efficacy was assessed only for ablations of biopsy-proven RCC, whereas the evaluation of adverse events and renal function included all masses. Complications were graded according to the Society of International Radiology classification. Results Major complications occurred in 3.0% of procedures (n = 9), none of which resulted in death or permanent disability. The mean imaging follow-up period was 27.4 months (range, 1–115) for the 199 RCC patients (204 ablated tumors) with follow-up imaging available. Complete response on initial follow-up imaging at mean 4.2 months (range, 0.3–75.6) was achieved in 195 of 204 tumors (95.6%) after a single session and in 200 of 204 tumors (98.0%) after 1 or 2 sessions. Of the RCC patients achieving complete response initially, local recurrence during the follow-up period occurred in 3 of 200 tumors (1.5%). Metastatic progression occurred in 10 of 193 (5.2%) RCC patients without prior metastatic disease during follow-up. Conclusions CA for renal masses is safe and remains efficacious through intermediate- and long-term follow-up.
Update on Novel Medications to Treat Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic, disabling neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and in up to 60% of patients, cataplexy. Currently, new treatments with varying mechanisms of action have recently been approved or are in clinical development. This review aims to summarize the progress to date on this information on these agents. Over the last decade, researchers have made great strides in understanding the biology of narcolepsy. The discovery of ORX deficiency in NT1 opened new therapeutic options oriented towards ORX-based therapies, especially nonpeptide ORX receptor agonists that are currently under development. These agents include novel oxybate formulations (once-nightly [FT218]; low sodium [JZP-258]), a selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor (AXS-12), and a product combining modafinil and an astroglial connexin inhibitor (THN102). Novel treatments in narcolepsy may provide further patient-oriented individualized treatment. Further developments could conceivably be used for development of further novel therapeutic options.
Social-ecological correlates of acculturative stress among Latina/o and Black Caribbean immigrants in the United States: A scoping review

Abstract Acculturative stress is associated with poor mental health outcomes; however, few studies have examined this type of stress within immigrants’ broader social-ecological context. Furthermore, it remains unclear which stressors are unique to first-generation immigrants, who are at a higher risk of experiencing acculturative stress during intercultural contact. Informed by the social-ecological framework, this scoping review examines the unique and integrative correlates of acculturative stress among first-generation Latina/o and Black Caribbean immigrants, and articulates social-ecologically based recommendations. Forty articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2019 were examined. Correlates of acculturative stress were organized across five levels of influence: individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy. Language barriers, personal experiences in the U.S., socioeconomic status, religion, coping strategies, ethnic beliefs and values, social support, family dynamics, fears related to status, neighborhood characteristics, and discrimination were significant correlates of acculturative stress. Existing research assessing social-ecological correlates of acculturative stress addressed primarily individual and interpersonal level factors, limiting the explanatory power of this review in identifying how root causes of acculturative stress intersect and ultimately influence mental health. Overreliance on a small amount of national or large data sets, lack of variation in research design, and limited research among Afro-Latina/o and Black Caribbean immigrants all contribute to the restricted boundaries of this area of study. Unlike many factors that influence immigrant mental health, acculturative stress is potentially modifiable through social-ecological levels of intervention; thus, we offer recommendations that could be implemented to facilitate psychological adjustments and reduce risk for mental illness.
Investigating the impact of three-dimensional learning interventions on student understanding of structure–property relationships

The ability to predict macroscopic properties using a compound's chemical structure is an essential idea for chemistry as well as other disciplines such as biology. In this study we investigate how different levels of interventions impact the components of students’ explanations (claims, evidence, and reasoning) of structure–property relationships, particularly related to boiling point trends. These interventions, aligned with Three-Dimensional Learning (3DL), were investigated with four different cohorts of students: Cohort 1 – a control group of students enrolled in an active learning general chemistry course; Cohort 2 – students enrolled in the same active learning general chemistry course but given Intervention 1 (a 3DL worksheet administered during class time); Cohort 3 – students enrolled in the same active learning general chemistry course but given Intervention 1 and Intervention 2 (a 3DL course exam question administered after instruction); and Cohort 4 – a reference group of students enrolled in a transformed active learning general chemistry curriculum in which 3DL is an essential feature and includes Intervention 1 and Intervention 2 as part of the curriculum. We found that Cohort 2 students (with the 3DL worksheet intervention) were more likely than the control group (Cohort 1) to correctly predict the compound with a higher boiling point as well as incorporate ideas of strength of intermolecular forces into their explanations of boiling point differences. When a 3DL exam question was given as a follow up to the 3DL worksheet, students in Cohort 3 were more likely than Cohorts 1 and 2 to correctly identify the claim. Further comparison showed that Cohort 4 (transformed general chemistry curriculum) were more likely than Cohorts 1–3 to also include the ideas of energy needed to overcome stronger forces for a more sophisticated explanation (50% of Cohort 4 students compared to 17–33% for Cohorts 1–3). In addition, 80% of Cohort 4 students were able to construct a correct representation of hydrogen bonding as a non-covalent interaction compared to 13–57% for the other three cohorts.
A Rarefaction-Without-Resampling Extension of PERMANOVA for Testing Presence-Absence Associations in The Microbiome

Abstract Background PERMANOVA [1] is currently the most commonly used method for testing community-level hypotheses about microbiome associations with covariates of interest. PERMANOVA can test for associations that result from changes in which taxa are present or absent by using the Jaccard or unweighted UniFrac distance. However, such presence-absence analyses face a unique challenge: confounding by library size (total sample read count), which occurs when library size is associated with covariates in the analysis. It is known that rarefaction (subsampling to a common library size) controls this bias, but at the potential costs of information loss and the introduction of a stochastic component into the analysis. Methods Here we develop a non-stochastic approach to PERMANOVA presence-absence analyses that aggregates information over all potential rarefaction replicates without actual resampling, when the Jaccard or unweighted UniFrac distance is used. We compare this new approach to three possible ways of aggregating PERMANOVA over multiple rarefactions obtained from resampling: averaging the distance matrix, averaging the (element-wise) squared distance matrix, and averaging the F-statistic. Results Our simulations indicate that our non-stochastic approach is robust to confounding by library size and outperforms each of the stochastic resampling approaches. We also show that, when overdispersion is low, averaging the (element-wise) squared distance outperforms averaging the unsquared distance, currently implemented in the R package vegan. We illustrate our methods using an analysis of data on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which samples from case participants have systematically smaller library sizes than samples from control participants.
An episode of mania following self-reported ingestion of psilocybin mushrooms in a woman previously not diagnosed with bipolar disorder: A case report.

NT is a 21-year-old female identifying woman who came to the office of her outpatient psychiatric provider a month after a hospitalization for a brief psychotic episode, later diagnosed as mania, that she believes was triggered by consuming a substantial amount of psilocybe cubensis mushrooms that she had taken recreationally. While she has a positive family history (father and paternal grandmother) of bipolar disorder, she herself had never had a manic episode or been diagnosed with bipolar disorder before this hospitalization.
Strange Occurrences in Life’s Channels

Genetic abnormalities in the hearts conducting system labeled as channelopathies have been recognized as harbingers of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in recent years. Families of individuals who experienced SCD had channelopathies in 40–50% of relatives. The major channelopathies, including the long QT syndrome, the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and the Brugada syndrome, are discussed in this chapter.
Regional Pattern Discovery in Geo-referenced Datasets Using PCA

Existing data mining techniques mostly focus on finding global patterns and lack the ability to systematically discover regional patterns. Most relationships in spatial datasets are regional; therefore there is a great need to extract regional knowledge from spatial datasets. This paper proposes a novel framework to discover interesting regions characterized by "strong regional correlation relationships" between attributes, and methods to analyze differences and similarities between regions. The framework employs a two-phase approach: it first discovers regions by employing clustering algorithms that maximize a PCA-based fitness function and then applies post processing techniques to explain underlying regional structures and correlation patterns. Additionally, a new similarity measure that assesses the structural similarity of regions based on correlation sets is introduced. We evaluate our framework in a case study which centers on finding correlations between arsenic pollution and other factors in water wells and demonstrate that our framework effectively identifies regional correlation patterns.
The Interaction of Social Networks and Child Obesity Prevention Program Effects: The Pathways Trial

Objective: Social network analysis was used to examine whether peer influence from one’s social networks moderates obesity prevention program effects on obesity-related behaviors: healthful and unhealthful. Methods: Participants included 557 children residing in Southern California. The survey assessed healthpromoting behaviors (i.e., physical activity at school, physical activity outside of school, and fruit and vegetable intake), as well as unhealthful behaviors (high-calorie, low-nutrient intake and sedentary activity), and peer exposure calculated from social network nominations as indicators of peer influence. Multilevel models were conducted separately on outcomes predicted by program participation, peer exposure, and program participation by peer exposure. Results: Results indicated that peer exposure was positively associated with one’s own healthful and unhealthful behaviors. Program participation effects were moderated by peer influence, but only when unhealthful peer influence was present. Results suggest that peer influence can diminish or amplify prevention programs Conclusion: Future interventions should consider peer-led components to promote healthful influence of peers on healthful and unhealthful behaviors, and programs should be mindful that their effects are moderated by social networks.
Abstract 3708: microRNAs involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have shown remarkable clinical activity in advanced metastatic melanomas with mutant BRAF(V600E). However, there is considerable variability in both the extent and the duration of patient responses, and acquired resistance invariably emerges. To date, a number of mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors have been identified, most of which reactivate ERK signaling while simultaneously engaging parallel survival pathways. However, these mechanisms account for only a fraction of progressed melanoma and do not explain the large variability of initial response rates and time to progression of melanoma patients subjected to these therapies. We hypothesize that in addition to genetic events, non-genetic alterations such as microRNA changes are critical in mediating time to progression in melanoma tumors treated with BRAF inhibitors. In order to identify microRNAs involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance we performed a functional screen approach utilizing a novel lentiviral-based library of microRNA ‘decoys’. These constructs are better able to stably suppress endogenous microRNA activity than the hairpin RNAs traditionally used. This pooled parallel loss-of-microRNA function analysis in BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma cells showed enrichment and loss of specific decoys after drug treatment, corresponding to microRNAs that may enhance or compromise the response, respectively. MicroRNA decoys that are positively or negatively selected during drug treatment are being validated using single decoy constructs for their ability to modulate BRAFi response. MicroRNA target genes will be determined by a combination of microarray analysis, in silico predictive algorithms, and 3′UTR-luciferase reporter assay. MicroRNAs and target genes are being validated on human samples from treated patients. Those potentially involved in processes/pathways known to influence drug resistance (i.e. survival genes) will be examined for their ability to mimic or counteract microRNA effects in BRAFi resistance when silenced or overexpressed, respectively. Identification of novel modulators of drug resistance provides the opportunity to design rational combinatorial approaches that will enhance and prolong the effect of these therapies, with the ultimate goal of achieving cures. Citation Format: Lisa Koetz, Elena Sokolova, Brian D. Brown, Eva Hernando. microRNAs involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3708. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3708
Changes in plasma angiopoietin-like protein 2 levels and macrophage migration associated with hibernation in thirteen-lined ground squirrels (CAM5P.232)

Thirteen-lined ground squirrels in the northern United States hibernate from around late September until March. In late summer they gain a substantial amount of fat that is gradually expended as fuel over the course of hibernation. Immune system changes during hibernation include a 90% drop in circulating leukocytes and a reduction in immune responsiveness. Adipose tissue in obese humans is associated with changes in leukocyte migration including macrophage infiltration. This study explored an adipose-associated inflammatory protein, angiopoeitin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) as a potential mediator of leukocyte migration in hibernating ground squirrels. Plasma ANGPTL2 in eight ground squirrels was measured by quantitative Western blot at non-hibernating, entering hibernation, hibernating, interbout arousal and post arousal time points. ANGPTL2 levels were higher in hibernation than all other time points and were significantly higher in hibernation compared to interbout arousal or post arousal time points. Macrophages were detected in adipose tissue of hibernating ground squirrels using a ground squirrel macrophage specific monoclonal antibody in immunoperoxidase stained frozen sections. Macrophage-staining in the spleen appeared to be unusually dense in venous sinuses of hibernating compared to non-hibernating squirrels.