cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P059: Paramedic compliance with a novel defibrillation strategy in a large, urban EMS system in the United States

Introduction: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) care confers distinct impact upon survivability from sudden cardiac arrest. Many studies have been conducted regarding EMS interventions for cardiac arrest, though fewer studies have been published detailing specific analysis of paramedic compliance with standing orders, particularly those involving a novel energy strategy in defibrillation. Methods: Adults in sudden cardiac arrest with resuscitation initiated, including at least one defibrillation, between July 1, 2016 and December 1, 2016 were enrolled. Education on a novel defibrillation strategy, involving weight-based joule settings and double sequential external defibrillation (DSED) was delivered in classroom and internet-accessed settings. Paramedics then performed hands-on practice in DSED. All resuscitations were reviewed from electronic medical records (EMRs) completed by treating paramedics, alongside telemetry and defibrillation events recorded, transmitted, and analyzed in proprietary software (CODE-STAT™, Physio-Control Corporation, Redmond, WA). All ECGs and defibrillation events were reviewed by an emergency physician to determine energy settings used by paramedics for determining the accuracy of compliance with protocol-based standing orders. Results: During the 5 month study period, the paramedics involved treated 133 adults in sudden cardiac arrest involving perceived ventricular fibrillation that was treated with at least one defibrillation. 76/90 (84.4%) with estimated weight <100 kg were treated with correct joule settings, though only 7/43 (16.3%) with estimated weight ≥100kg received all defibrillations at 360J as protocol-specified. 26/44 (59.1%) in refractory ventricular fibrillation, defined as requiring a fourth defibrillation, received DSED as protocol-specified. Conclusion: Paramedics, when specifically trained on a novel defibrillation strategy, involving both weight-based joule settings and use of DSED for refractory ventricular fibrillation, are inconsistently able to quickly and successfully incorporate that strategy in EMS resuscitation care. Further educational endeavours are warranted to achieve higher defibrillation strategy protocol compliance.
New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

In January 2013, John C. Liu, New York City's comptroller, wrote to the residents of the city about his audit of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR). Liu summarized his office's findings: “The audit found that DPR was not carrying out and overseeing capital construction projects in a timely and cost effective manner.” To investigate the existence of the "planning fallacy" in organizations, information from nearly 1,800 capital projects undertaken between 1998 and 2008 was obtained from the office of the chief engineer of the New York City DPR. In light of the data, how severe was the planning fallacy during this time and could it be used for overcoming the planning fallacy? Excerpt UVA-QA-0815 Rev. Aug. 11, 2015 New York City Department of Parks and Recreation On January 11, 2013, John C. Liu, New York City's comptroller, wrote to the residents of the city about his audit of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR). Among his responsibilities, the comptroller made recommendations for city programs and operations and audited city agencies. Liu summarized his office's findings: “The audit found that DPR was not carrying out and overseeing capital construction projects in a timely and cost effective manner.” New York City Department of Parks and Recreation The New York City DPR was responsible for maintaining more than 1,700 city parks and recreational facilities, preserving natural areas, and furnishing recreational properties. The agency was in charge of 29,098 acres of parks, beaches, playgrounds, stadiums, marinas, gardens, and squares. The DPR not only cared for street and park flora and fauna, historic houses, statues, monuments, and open spaces in the five New York City boroughs, but also oversaw activities supporting physical fitness, environmental education, and performing arts. . . .
Effect of tower and nacelle on the flow past a wind turbine

Large eddy simulations (LES) of the flow past a wind turbine with and without tower and nacelle have been performed at 2 tip speed ratios (TSR, λ=ωR/U∞), λ=3 and 6, where the latter corresponds to design conditions. The turbine model is placed in a virtual wind tunnel to reproduce the “Blind test 1” experiment performed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) closed-loop wind tunnel. The wind turbine was modeled using the actuator line model for the rotor blades and the immersed boundary method for the tower and nacelle. The aim of the paper is to highlight the impact of tower and nacelle on the turbine wake. Therefore, a second set of simulations with the rotating blades only (neglecting the tower and nacelle) has been performed as reference. Present results are compared with the experimental measurements made at NTNU and numerical simulations available in the literature. The tower and nacelle not only produce a velocity deficit in the wake but they also affect the turbulent kinetic energy and the fluxes. The wake of the tower interacts with that generated by the turbine blades promoting the breakdown of the tip vortex and increasing the mean kinetic energy flux into the wake. When tower and nacelle are modeled in the numerical simulations, results improve significantly both in the near wake and in the far wake.
Women Who Return to Abusive Relationships:: A Frustration for the Critical Care Nurse

Nurses caring for abused women become frustrated and concerned when their patients return to the violent relationship. This disconcerted feeling can hinder the care nurses render to these women, subsequently leaving the victim powerless. Understanding this phenomenon can improve patient care, increase the image of women and, ultimately, help banish violence against women.
The Effects of Animal-Assisted Activities on College Students Before and After a Final Exam

Final exams at colleges and universities have proven to be a time of anxiety and stress for students. This paper contains an exploration the effects of Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA) on exam anxi...
Inhibitory effects of zidovudine in erythroid progenitor cells: Reversal with a combination of erythropoietin and interleukin-3

To investigate the mechanisms that may be involved in zidovudine (AZT)-induced hematopoietic toxicity, spleen cells isolated from phenylhydrazine-treated anemic mice or murine bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells were treated with AZT (1-10 microM) for 24 hr. A concentration-dependent inhibition of the binding of 125I-labeled erythropoietin (Epo) was observed, suggesting down-regulation of Epo receptors. To determine if this effect is due to modulation of the levels of Epo receptor mRNA and to assess the effect of AZT on the expression of protooncogenes, mRNA levels were monitored by the slot blot hybridization technique. AZT caused a concentration-dependent inhibition in the levels of the mRNA of Epo receptors and c-fos, whereas the level of c-myc mRNA was unaffected. AZT also inhibited protein kinase C (PKC) activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, causing 50% inhibition at 10 microM within 3 hr. Simultaneous addition of Epo or interleukin-3 (IL-3) partially reversed the inhibitory effects of AZT on the levels of the mRNAs and on PKC activity; however, a combination of Epo and IL-3 was significantly more effective. These studies demonstrate that (i) AZT-induced down-regulation of Epo receptors and c-fos expression coupled with inhibition of Epo receptor-mediated signal transduction through PKC are significant contributory factors to AZT-induced erythroid toxicity, and (ii) these inhibitory effects can be overcome by treatment with a combination of Epo and IL-3.
Role of Microorganisms in the Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle

Microorganisms play key roles in the oxidation-reduction and assimilation-dissimilation steps of the sulfur cycle in nature. A substantial amount of information is available concerning the forms of sulfur in natural systems (ZoBell, 1963; Freney, 1967; Richmond, 1973; Williams, 1975) and the microbially mediated transformations of sulfur within the pedosphere and hydrosphere, the two major natural sites of microbial activity (Starkey, 1956; ZoBell, 1958, 1963, 1973; Postgate, 1959; Wood, 1965; Kelley, 1968; Roy and Trudinger, 1970; Rheinheimer, 1972, 1974; Freney and Swaby, 1975; Siegel, 1975; Trudinger, 1975; Weir, 1975). Very little is known, however, about the forms and amounts of volatile sulfur released to the atmosphere through microbial activity in the pedosphere or hydrosphere. The purpose of this chapter is to review current information relating to production of volatile sulfur compounds by terrestrial and aquatic microorganisms and the role of these microorganisms in the atmospheric sulfur cycle.
Measuring leisure: categorical or interval?

This paper focuses on the question: Should leisure be measured as a categorical phenomenon which is either present or absent, or is it better measured as a phenomenon which might be present in incremental degrees? This study explores that question using data from an experience sampling study in which participants evaluated situations drawn from their daily lives (“I would call this leisure”), using a 7-point Likert response scale. A persistent bimodal response pattern suggests that a leisure/not leisure distinction was easily made, but responses along the entire 7-point scale imply that incremental judgments of leisure were also being used. This analysis supports the use of a 3-to-5 point incremental scale for the direct measurement of leisure. Limitations of the study are discussed.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Prostate Cancer and Beyond

Since it was first used to evaluate human genitourinary tissue in 1997, OCT has emerged as a promising modality to provide real-time, high-resolution imaging of urologic organs. In the bladder, it has demonstrated a high sensitivity in identifying regions of the bladder suspicious for CIS and between invasive and noninvasive malignancy; it has been studied as an “optical biopsy” both during the initial cystoscopic diagnosis and intraoperatively in bladder-preserving surgery. Several small, ex vivo studies have shown promising results in the ability of OCT to demonstrate histopathologic alterations to renal morphology such as in renal ischemia and malignancy. It may also in the future improve sperm retrieval rates by better identifying tubules with isolated foci of spermatogenesis in these men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Finally, multiple studies have begun to demonstrate OCT’s ability to differentiate between the periprostatic anatomy and aid in the visualization of the neurovascular bundle and surgical margins. Despite the promising results of these initial studies, several limitations remain. In almost all studies, depth of penetration was recognized as a common limiting factor. At a maximum of 2 mm depth, OCT cannot provide imaging of deep tissue. In bladder cancer, for example, OCT cannot always provide sufficient imaging to judge the invasion depth of a tumor if the diameter of the tumor is already greater than 2 mm. In addition, most OCT studies have taken place in ex vivo. Larger clinical, in vivo trials are required to determine its ability to provide information to guide clinical decisions and if its use positively affects outcomes. Theoretically, future improvements of OCT delivery could allow for such technology to be placed at the end of robotic and laparoscopic instruments, thus providing “smart instruments” that could provide immediate and real-time assessment of tissue structure and architecture.
3D Monte Carlo Modeling of Thin SOI MOSFETs Including the Effective Potential and Random Dopant Distribution

We use the effective potential to include quantum mechanical effects in thin SOI MOSFETs simulated with 3D Monte Carlo. We explore the role of discrete dopant distributions on the threshold voltage of the device within the framework of the effective potential by examining the current-voltage behavior as well as the electron distributions within the device. We find that simulations with the effective potential produce a similar shift in current as classical simulations when the dopants are considered to have a random discrete distribution instead of a uniform distribution.
Risk factors for thrombosis in cancer patients.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprised of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its complication, pulmonary embolism (PE), is a multifactorial disease, involving complex interactions between environmental exposures and patients, including their hemostatic system and genetic predispositions. VTE is relatively common, with an overall average ageand sex-adjusted incidence of about 1.04–1.9 per 1000 person-years that rises dramatically with increasing age [1–4]. Active malignancy accounts for almost 20% of incident VTE events occurring in the community [5], and imparts a 4to 6.5-fold higher VTE risk compared to non-cancer patients, depending on concurrent use of anti-cancer therapy [6]. The risk of VTE also varies by cancer type and stage [7–10]. The association between VTE and malignancy has been recognized since 1861 when Trousseau, in a lecture, described thrombophlebitis as the presenting sign of visceral malignancy [11]. In fact, idiopathic VTE may be a harbinger for an occult malignancy. Patients who present with an acute episode of idiopathic VTE have an approximately threeto fourfold increased likelihood of being diagnosed with a malignancy within a year of the VTE event [12–16], leading to a debate on whether cancer screening should be conducted in all individuals presenting with idiopathic VTE [17, 18]. While a clinical trial comparing extensive malignancy screening vs usual care for incident idiopathic VTE identified earlier stage malignancies in the extensive screening group and reduced the mean delay to cancer diagnosis from about 1 year to 1 month, 2-year cancerrelated mortality did not differ between the two groups [19], thus making it challenging to justify aggressive screening. VTE in cancer patients is associated with numerous negative implications, including significant morbidity and mortality. These patients may have their
New insight into the species diversity and life cycles of rust fungi (Pucciniales) affecting bioenergy switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the Eastern and Central United States

Research was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic identity of leaf rust (Pucciniales) fungi on bioenergy switchgrass in the Eastern and Central U.S. We integrated internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data from collections taken from cultivated switchgrass and herbarium specimens, including purported aecial and telial states of Puccinia graminicola and Puccinia pammelii. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses revealed four monophyletic clades: Puccinia emaculata sensu stricto (s.s.), P. pammelii, P. graminicola, and Puccinia novopanici. Results also indicated that P. emaculata s.s. was not affecting cultivated, bioenergy switchgrass. Aecidium pammelii and P. pammelii were distinct phylogenetically from P. emaculata s.s. and grouped within a well-supported clade, demonstrating aecial-telial host alternation for P. pammelii between Euphorbia corollata and switchgrass. Aecidium stillingiae on queen’s delight (Stillingia sylvatica)—a purported aecial state host for P. graminicola—shared identical sequences with the recently described species Puccinia pascua. The latter fungus, however, was recovered within a subclade of P. graminicola. Hence, queen’s delight likely is not an aecial host to P. graminicola s.s. Additional molecular studies are warranted to determine species boundaries within the P. graminicola complex. The majority of contemporary collections from cultivated switchgrass were recognized as P. novopanici. Collectively, bioenergy switchgrass is host to at least three phylogenetically distinct species, presenting a significant challenge to the future selection and breeding of switchgrass with improved rust resistance.
Value of Texture Analysis on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI for Differentiating Hepatocellular Adenoma From Focal Nodular Hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to assess the diagnostic performance of texture analysis (TA) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MR images for differentiation of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) from...
Upper limits on perturbations of nuclear decay rates induced by reactor electron antineutrinos.

Abstract We report the results of an experiment conducted near the High Flux Isotope Reactor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, designed to address the question of whether a flux of reactor-generated electron antineutrinos ( ν ¯ e ) can alter the rates of weak nuclear interaction induced decays of 54Mn, 22Na, and 60Co. This experiment has small statistical errors but, when systematic uncertainties are included, has null results. Perturbations greater than one part in 104 are excluded at 95% confidence level in β ± decay and electron capture processes, in the presence of an antineutrino flux of 3 × 1012 cm−2s−1. The present experimental methods are applicable to a wide range of radionuclides. Improved sensitivity in future experiments can be anticipated as we continue to better understand and reduce the dominant systematic uncertainties.
Early Literacy Trends for Children Identified as At Risk for School Failure: Are They Consistent with Contemporary Neuroscience and Learning Theory?

Contemporary early literacy trends for children identified as at-risk for school failure often focus on developing specific decoding and comprehension skills. While this approach addresses some of the skills required for reading, it falls short of addressing the cognitive structures responsible for symbolic development. This chapter explores contemporary neuroscience and learning theory to identify curricular strategies for helping children who are labeled at-risk develop the foundational skills necessary for a successful academic future.
Radiographic pulmonary vessel volume, lung function and airways disease in the Framingham Heart Study.

Radiographic abnormalities of the pulmonary vessels, such as vascular pruning, are common in advanced airways disease, but it is unknown if pulmonary vascular volumes are related to measures of lung health and airways disease in healthier populations. In 2388 participants of the Framingham Heart Study computed tomography (CT) sub-study, we calculated total vessel volumes and the small vessel fraction using automated CT image analysis. We evaluated associations with measures of lung function, airflow obstruction on spirometry and emphysema on CT. We further tested if associations of vascular volumes with lung function were present among those with normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity. In fully adjusted linear and logistic models, we found that lower total and small vessel volumes were consistently associated with worse measures of lung health, including lower spirometric volumes, lower diffusing capacity and/or higher odds of airflow obstruction. For example, each standard deviation lower small vessel fraction (indicating more severe pruning) was associated with a 37% greater odds of obstruction (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.71, p=0.004). A similar pattern was observed in the subset of participants with normal spirometry. Lower total and small vessel pulmonary vascular volumes were associated with poorer measures of lung health and/or greater odds of airflow obstruction in this cohort of generally healthy adults without high burdens of smoking or airways disease. Our findings suggest that quantitative CT assessment may detect subtle pulmonary vasculopathy that occurs in the setting of subclinical and early pulmonary and airways pathology.
A 3.25Gb/s, 13.2pJ/b, 0.64mm 2 Configurable Successive-Cancellation List Polar Decoder using Split-Tree Architecture in 40nm CMOS

A 0.64mm2 configurable successive-cancellation list polar decoder is designed in 40nm CMOS for 5G wireless applications. The decoding tree is split to 4 subtrees to be decoded by 4 sub-decoders in parallel to improve throughput and cut latency by $4 \times $. To maximize utilization, 8 frames are interleaved and decoded simultaneously to increase throughput by another $8 \times $ to 3.25Gb/s for code length up to 1024b. Dynamic clock gating reduces the peak power dissipation to 42.8mW at 0.9V, or 13.2pJ/b.
Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit p53R2 translocates in cell cycle and plays an essential role for DNA replication

821 Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR) is a potential target for antineoplastic agents and is essential in maintaining cell proliferation and integrity. The recently identified small subunit p53R2 has been reported as a p53-dependent cell checkpoint for DNA repair. However, the regulation and function of p53R2 in the cell cycle is still not clear. Flow cytometry analyses and Western blot results revealed that p53R2 coordinated with M1, a large subunit of RR, had the highest expression in the G1 phase, and steadily decreased from the S to the G2/M phase in KB cells; whereas, the small subunit M2 had dominant expression at S-phase. In addition, extracts from cell cycle specific sorted cells displayed RR activity that was consistent with the protein levels of p53R2 and M1. Confocal microscopy investigation indicated that both p53R2 and M2 redistributed with M1 –from the cytoplasm to the nucleus –within two hours of serum addition to starved KB cells. Using nuclear extracts from KB cells, p53R2 was separated into two clear bands. Only one lower band could be detected in the cytoplasm. Immunoprecipitation assay results also demonstrated that only the large band of p53R2 could be co-immunoprecipated by M1. The large band of p53R2 had a weak signal after 96 hours of serum starvation, and was rapidly visible after serum addition to the KB cells. This finding suggested that p53R2 protein might be modified when cells turned from the G1 to S phase in response to DNA replication. In addition, experiments revealed that increased p53R2 in transfected cells might significantly enhance cell growth, while downregulated p53R2 with an antisense technique might slightly inhibit cell growth. In summary, p53R2 and M2 might have different functions and be regulated differently in the cell cycle. M1 and p53R2 located in cytoplasm at the rest cells, and redistribute from cytoplasm into nucleus to provide dNDP for DNA synthesis when cell turned into S phase.
Enhancing filmwise and dropwise condensation using a hybrid wettability contrast mechanism: Circular patterns

Abstract Condensation surfaces using a wettability contrast mechanism is one of the effective methods to enhance heat transfer rate. The pattern design plays a critical role in realizing various contrast degrees of wettability. In this study, water vapor condensation of two series of hybrid circular-patterned designs were developed and experimentally characterized under the atmospheric pressure with the presence of non-condensable gasses (air). The outer surfaces of copper tubes in the horizontal orientation were used as the condensation surface with the designed patterns. The condensation heat transfer rates were compared to that of the complete dropwise condensation (DWC) and complete filmwise condensation (FWC), respectively. In the first series, the pattern design consists of hydrophobic (β) circular patterns formed on a less-hydrophobic (γ) background. The diameter of the patterns was varied to find an optimum configuration, which was observed with the pattern diameter and pattern distance at 1.5 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Significantly enhanced condensation rate was obtained compared to FWC. In the second series, the design consists of γ-patterns contrasting with a β-background, which is an inverse design of the first series in terms of wetting conditions. A parametric study was conducted to examine the influence of the pattern dimensions on the condensation. In the second series pattern designs, significant enhancements compared with both FWC and DWC were achieved. The optimal pattern was found to be at a diameter of 1.5 mm and gap of 1.5 mm, leading to a 79% higher heat transfer rate compared to that of the complete DWC.
Citric Acid-crosslinked Cellulosic Hydrogel from Sugarcane Bagasse: Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Study

In this work, citric acid (CIT) is proposed as a harmless alternative to epichlorohydrin (ECH) for crosslinking in the synthesis of cellulose hydrogels. Sugarcane bagasse was utilized as a source of cellulose fibers. Cellulose fibers were disintegrated using the solvent-dissolution method before forming a gel-like solution. Subsequently, CIT was added to initiate crosslinking, and the behavior was evaluated by adding various amounts of citric acid (0, 20, 30, and 40 wt%). Cellulose hydrogel with a good mechanical strength (10 mm penetration depth) was obtained from crosslinking using 40 wt% of CIT (HCIT-4), which is comparable to ECH-cross-linked hydrogel (HECH) that has a penetration depth of 8 mm. A proper amount of CIT molecules allows the crosslinking of the cellulose fibers into the hydrogel. The FT-IR analysis reveals a C-O-C band blue-shifting for HCIT-4 compared to HECH, with a gap difference of 82 cm-1. The crystallinity from XRD patterns of HCIT-4 is comparable to that of HECH, which confirms that CIT can be used as a substitute for ECH. The adsorption ability was evaluated against methylene blue dye, the isotherm and kinetic adsorption models for the adsorption system were determined. Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models correlate well to isotherm and kinetics data, suggests that the adsorbent possesses heterogeneous surface sites which adsorption controlled by chemisorption. The prepared HCIT-4 was able to remove 24.88 mg methylene blue/g of the hydrogel at 70 °C, meanwhile HECH only able to remove 12.01 mg/g. The adsorption capacity was increased when adsorption temperature increased, suggesting endothermic behavior.
Who Benefits from Robo-advising? Evidence from Machine Learning

We study the effects of a large U.S. hybrid robo-adviser on the portfolios of previously self- directed investors. Across all investors, robo-advising reduces investors’ holdings in money market mutual funds and increases bond holdings. It also reduces idiosyncratic risk by lowering the holdings of individual stocks and US and international active mutual funds and raising exposure to low-cost indexed mutual funds. It further eliminates home bias by significantly increasing international equity and fixed income diversification. Finally — over our sample period — it increases investors’ overall risk-adjusted performance, mainly by lowering investors’ portfolio risk. We use a machine learning algorithm, known as Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), to explain the cross-sectional variation in the effects of advice on portfolio allocations and performance. Investors who benefit from advice are those with little self-directed investment experience on the platform, those with prior high cash holdings, and those with high trading volume before adopting advice. Individuals invested in high-fee active mutual funds also display significant performance gains. Finally, we study the determinants of investors’ sign-up and attrition. Investors who benefit more from robo-advising are also more likely to sign-up and less likely to quit the service.
Minority Rights, Governing Regimes, or Secular Elites: Who Benefits from the Protection of Religious Speech by the U.S. Supreme Court and European Court of Human Rights?

This paper evaluates four theories of free expression and judicial power via examination of the religious and anti-religious speech decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and European Court of Human Rights.
Panel—Improve Foreign Language Speaking Proficiency in Immersive Environment

Foreign language learners, especially adult beginning learners, often experience anxiety when acquire speaking proficiency. This negative emotional state hurdles the learners from starting to practice the target language with native speakers, their instructors, and their peer learners. The immersive learning environment provided through Virtual Reality (VR) technology enables students to start orally practicing the target language without directly facing the real audience at the beginning of their learning journey. In this panel, it is projected to present the possibility of applying VR language learning tools for students to practice speaking in a low-anxiety immersive environment for multiple languages: English, French, and Chinese. With four panelists, the possible tools, their affordance, appropriate instructional design, and activities suitable for VR delivery in the foreign language classroom will be discussed.
Failure of Hexagonal and Triangular Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels

Honeycomb sandwich panels are used in aerospace structures for their high stiffness-to-mass ratio. Reducing structural mass is critical in aircraft and spacecraft development due to its direct impa...
Effect of elevated storage temperatures on the concentration of active ingredients in 5 commonly used large animal pharmaceuticals

Most veterinary pharmaceuticals are labeled to be stored at or below 77°F (25°C) or 86°F (30°C). Previous work showed that temperatures in ambulatory veterinary practice vehicles frequently exceeded those temperatures. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of higher storage temperatures on the active ingredient concentration of drugs commonly used in large animal practice. Five bottles of dino- prost, flunixin meglumine, gonadorelin, tulathromycin, and xylazine were maintained at room temperature (controls) and 5 additional bottles of each product were maintained in a programmable chamber set to mimic temperatures previously recorded in a veterinary practice vehicle. Samples were collected from all bottles on days 0,40,80, and 120, and were analyzed in duplicate by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Changes in active ingredient concentration were assessed by linear regression, and t-tests were performed to compare slopes of time:concentration curves for control and treatment drugs. Slopes of drug concentrations over 120 days for all 5 drugs were less than 0.04, and there was no statistically significant difference between concentration slopes over time for control vs treatment bottles. No significant effect of elevated storage temperatures on product active ingredient was found in this study. However, due to the limited conditions of this study, practitioners are still advised to follow label recommendations when storing pharmaceuticals.
The Utility of Postcolonial and Indigenous Feminist Frameworks in Guiding Nursing Research and Practice About Intimate Partner Violence in the Lives of American Indian Women.

The purpose of this theoretical article is to analyze the utility of postcolonial and Indigenous feminist frameworks in informing nursing research and practice specific to addressing intimate partn...
Abstract P129: Initial Real-World Experience With Viz LVO in Transferred Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the importance of time to endovascular therapy (EVT) on clinical outcomes in large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic strok...
Cardiac Manifestation among Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.

Objective The primary objectives of the study were to describe the association between cardiac manifestations and in-hospital mortality among children with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Study design Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study identified the first hemolytic uremic syndrome-related inpatient visit among children ≤18 years (years 2004-2018). The frequency of selected cardiac manifestations and mortality rates were calculated. Multivariate analysis identified the association of specific cardiac manifestations and the risk of in-hospital mortality. Results Among 3915 patients in the analysis, 238 (6.1%) had cardiac manifestations. A majority of patients (82.8%; n = 197) had 1 cardiac condition and 17.2% (n = 41) had ≥2 cardiac conditions. The most common cardiac conditions was pericardial disease (n = 102), followed by congestive heart failure (n = 46) and cardiomyopathy/myocarditis (n = 34). The percent mortality for patients with 0, 1, or ≥2 cardiac conditions was 2.1%, 17.3%, and 19.5%, respectively. Patients with any cardiac condition had an increased odds of mortality (OR, 9.74; P = .0001). In additional models, the presence of ≥2 cardiac conditions (OR, 9.90; P Conclusions This study identified differences in in-hospital mortality based on the type of cardiac manifestations, with increased risk observed for patients with multiple cardiac involvement, cardiac arrest, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation deployments.
The effects of SMSI on m-Cresol hydrodeoxygenation over Pt/Nb2O5 and Pt/TiO2

Abstract The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of m-cresol was studied on Pt/Nb2O5/MgAl2O4 and Pt/TiO2/MgAl2O4 catalysts to understand the effects of Strong Metal Support Interactions (SMSI). The Nb2O5 and TiO2 supports were prepared as 0.7-nm films on MgAl2O4 by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) to ensure that the structures of the catalyst were the same. When reduced at 773 K to place Pt in the encapsulated state, Pt/Nb2O5/MgAl2O4 was much less active than Pt/MgAl2O4 at 573 K but much more active at 623 K. While Pt/MgAl2O4 deactivated rapidly due to coking, Pt/Nb2O5/MgAl2O4 showed significantly better coke tolerance and was almost 100% selective towards toluene production. Pt/Nb2O5/MgAl2O4 reduced at lower temperatures exhibited intermediate catalytic properties. The effect of reduction temperature on Pt/TiO2/MgAl2O4 was much less and this catalyst was more similar to Pt/MgAl2O4 than its Nb2O5 counterpart. The implications of these results for understanding the nature of oxide promoters on HDO of m-cresol are discussed.
Exchange rates and immigration policy

What explains cross-national and temporal variations in migrant rights? This article argues that policymakers implement more exclusionary or inclusive policies toward migrants in response to exchange-rate fluctuations. Since exchange rates affect the real value of remittances, exchange-rate depreciation of the host state’s currency makes migration less valuable for existing and potential migrants, while exchange-rate appreciation increases the degree of migrant pressure on the host state by doing the opposite. This well-documented relationship between exchange rate valuation and migration movements affects how host country governments craft immigration policy. Under exchange-rate depreciation, policymakers will implement more inclusive policies to deter the “exit” of migrants and maintain a stable supply of labor. Under exchange-rate appreciation, increased migration pressures heighten public anxiety over immigration in the host country, in turn causing policymakers to restrict further immigration by implementing more exclusionary policies. Consistent with the argument, the empirical results show that the purchasing-power-parity (PPP) currency values of migrants’ home countries are positively correlated with more pro-migrant policies in host countries.
Labor-Market Adjustment Under Extreme Heat Shocks: Evidence From Brazil

Despite rich evidence on the contemporaneous labor-productivity impact of heat shocks, little is known about what happens to employment over time. This paper provides worker-level evidence on labor-market adjustment margins to extreme heat. Exploiting employer-employee matched data from Brazil, I find that quarterly heat shocks lead to increases in the propensity of manufacturing-worker layoff. I further combine agricultural census and crop calendars to identify the transmission mechanism. Second, consistent with the direct labor productivity channel, the impact is stronger for workers in routine-manual task intensive occupations. Third, tracking individuals across job spells, I provide evidence on heat-related worker reallocation failures.
LEED ANALYSIS OF ELECTRODE SURFACES: STRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF POTENTIODYNAMIC CYCLING ON Pt SINGLE CRYSTALS

Abstract An ultra-high vacuum Low Energy Electron Diffraction apparatus directly coupled to a three-electrode electrochemical cell was used to identify the atomic-scale structural changes induced by potentiodynamic cycling of a well-characterized Pt(100) surface in 0.3 M aqueous HF. Cycling between the hydrogen electrosorption region and the edge of the oxygen electrosorption region (0–0.82 V RHE) caused no discernable change in the Pt(100)−1×1 LEED pattern. However, cycling well into the oxygen electrosorption region (to 1.58 V RHE) produced LEED patterns characterized by alternate broadened and sharp spots. The breadth of a given spot fluctuated with the energy of the incident electron beam in a manner consistent with the formation of random monoatomic-height steps on the surface. From the maximum spot width a mean terrace width of 5–7 atoms was estimated. Cyclic voltammetry (0–0.8 V) on vacuum-prepared Pt(100) and (111) surfaces showed features not seen on single-crystal surfaces cleaned by potentiodynamic cycling into the oxygen electrosorption region. Pt(100) showed excess cathodic charge in the hydrogen electrosorption region, a cathodic spike during the positive sweep just above the hydrogen region, and an associated, highly irreversible, couple in the region 0.4–0.8 V RHE. Intentional adsorption of CO accentuated these features. Pt(111) showed no cathodic spike and a highly reversible couple at 0.76 V. Sweeping up to oxygen evolution potentials removed the “anomalous” peaks on both surfaces, yielding single hydrogen electrosorption peaks in agreement with previous work. The present work suggests that the anomalous peaks are due to structure-sensitive reactions with impurities which are irreversibly oxidized during potential excursions into the oxygen electrosorption region.
Connectivity based location estimation scheme for wireless ad hoc networks

We propose a method to estimate the location of a mobile user. We assume that mobile users carry portable devices such as laptops or personal digital assistants equipped with off-the-shelf standard wireless interfaces. The infrastructure has a few fixed nodes whose locations are assumed to be known. The location estimates rely on neighborhood relationships gathered by each user through message exchanges over a wireless ad hoc network. We show that by incorporating non-neighbor constraints, one can substantially improve the accuracy of location estimation as compared to only utilizing neighbor relationships. We also compare our approach without the non-neighbor constraints with the results from a paper (Doherty, L. et al., Proc. INFOCOM, p.1655-63, 2001) based on the same model. Empirical evaluation of our algorithm for several numerical examples is also included.
Ocular nerve growth factor administration (oNGF) affects disease severity and inflammatory response in the brain of rats with experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE)

The rat acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to investigate the effects of ocularly administered nerve growth factor (oNGF) on disease development and brain inflammation. It was found that oNGF affects clinical scores. However, EAE rats receiving oNGF treatment showed reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebellum and the hippocampus, but not in the frontal cortex. These data confirm the ability of oNGF to counteract the effects of EAE in the brain and suggest a role for oNGF in the regulation of local inflammatory responses observed in the acute phase of EAE.
Concurrent information processing, I: an applications overview

Concurrent information processing (CIP) neurocomputing systems learn, monitor, and perform automatically, from quickly arriving information. CIP applications include adaptive process control, adaptive health advisory systems, online computer glitch detection, adaptive quality monitoring, and other settings where automatic learning, monitoring, and performing must keep pace with rapidly arriving data. Sequential CIP rates range from .3 milliseconds per 16-feature record to 1 second per 1,000-feature record, and faster parallel CIP rates are possible. CIP operational highlights are given and applications are described in this article. Sequential and parallel computing details and principles will be described in a follow-up article.
Cloning of Gb3 Synthase, the Key Enzyme in Globo-series Glycosphingolipid Synthesis, Predicts a Family of α1,4-Glycosyltransferases Conserved in Plants, Insects, and Mammals

We have cloned Gb3synthase, the key α1,4-galactosyltransferase in globo-series glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis, via a phenotypic screen, which previously yielded iGb3 synthase, the α1,3-galactosyltransferase required in isoglobo-series GSL (Keusch, J. J., Manzella, S. M., Nyame, K. A., Cummings, R. D., and Baenziger, J. U. (2000) J. Biol. Chem.33). Both transferases act on lactosylceramide, Galβ1,4Glcβ1Cer (LacCer), to produce Gb3(Galα1,4LacCer) or iGb3 (Galα1,3LacCer), respectively. GalNAc can be added sequentially to either Gb3 or iGb3 yielding globoside and Forssman from Gb3, and isogloboside and isoForssman from iGb3. Gb3synthase is not homologous to iGb3 synthase but shows 43% identity to a human α1,4GlcNAc transferase that transfers a UDP-sugar in an α1,4-linkage to a β-linked Gal found in mucin. Extensive homology (35% identity) is also present between Gb3synthase and genes in Drosophila melanogaster andArabidopsis thaliana, supporting conserved expression of an α1,4-glycosyltransferase, possibly Gb3 synthase, throughout evolution. The isolated Gb3 synthase cDNA encodes a type II transmembrane glycosyltransferase of 360 amino acids. The highest tissue expression of Gb3 synthase RNA is found in the kidney, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and brain. Gb3 glycolipid, also called Pk antigen or CD77, is a known receptor for verotoxins. CHO cells that do not express Gb3 and are resistant to verotoxin become susceptible to the toxin following transfection with Gb3 synthase cDNA.
Alpha2 adrenergic receptor subtypes in depression: A candidate gene study

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating the neuronal release of norepinephrine through presynaptic feedback inhibition in the locus ceruleus. Therefore, alpha 2 adrenergic autoreceptors may underlie some aspects of the pathogenesis and symptomatic expression of depressive illness. We studied two brain-expressed alpha 2 adrenergic receptor genes as genetic markers in linkage analyses in 17 multiplex pedigrees of unipolar depression. Neither of the genes was supportive of linkage to depression. Lod scores of less than -2 were found in both familial pure depressive disease pedigrees and in depression spectrum disease pedigrees. Therefore, we conclude that depression in our pedigrees is not related to mutations in the two alpha 2 adrenergic receptor genes tested.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Matrix Promotes Expression of Differentiated Features of Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells: Implication of Laminin and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor as Active Components

Human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells cultured on plastic, unlike RPE in situ, often fail to density arrest, do not produce melanin, and do not express mRNA for cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP). When human RPE are cultured on the extracellular matrix produced by bovine corneal endothelial cells for 1 week or human RPE for 3 weeks, they density arrest, assume a differentiated morphology, and produce pigment and mRNA for CRALBP (all differentiated features of RPE). Human RPE grown on a laminin substratum or grown in media supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF), assume a differentiated morphology for up to 3 weeks, and this is maintained for several months when the cells are grown on laminin in the presence of basic FGF and heparin. With the latter conditions, the cells also produce mRNA for CRALBP. Human RPE grown on bovine corneal endothelial cell matrix treated with neutralizing antibodies to basic FGF or laminin or agents that displace FGF from extracellular matrix (suramin or protamine), do not assume a differentiated morphology and express less CRALBP mRNA than RPE grown on bovine corneal endothelial cell matrix treated with antibodies to type IV collagen. These data suggest that the extracellular matrix may facilitate RPE expression of differentiated features and that laminin and basic FGF may be important components.
Correlations, transients, bistability, and phase-transition analogy in two-mode lasers

The general time-dependent problem associated with a two-mode-laser Fokker-Planck equation has been considered. Analytic expressions for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions have been derived for the below- and above-threshold operation of the system. It is shown that depending on the values of the pump parameters ${a}_{1},{a}_{2}$ and the coupling constant $\ensuremath{\xi}$, a wide variety of dynamical behavior may be encountered. Thus for $\ensuremath{\xi}l1$ interesting threshold effects may appear in the behavior of correlation times and linewidths as a function of excitation which may change their behavior whenever a mode passes through its threshold of oscillation. For $\ensuremath{\xi}=1$ the correlation time of the stronger mode may pass through a maximum before it starts to decrease with increasing excitation. The weaker mode may show particularly interesting behavior for $\ensuremath{\xi}=1$. Both the correlation time and the linewidth may approach a constant value independent of the excitation. For $\ensuremath{\xi}g1$ the system may show bistability. Our analysis provides a deeper mathematical understanding of the onset of bistability and the analogy to the thermodynamic phase transition. Expressions for the switching time have been derived using several different procedures. We have also been able to derive closed-form expressions for the two-time joint probability densities. It should be possible to test some of these predictions in photon-counting experiments. Finally, we mention that our results and method should also be applicable in other similar problems, e.g., to the classical theory of coupled fields.
A scalable approach to modeling nonlinear structure in hyperspectral imagery and other high-dimensional data using manifold coordinate representations

In the past we have presented a framework for deriving a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates that directly parameterize high-dimensional data, such as that found in hyperspectral imagery 1234567 . 10 In these previous works, we have described the potential utility of these representations for such diverse problems as land-cover mapping and in-water retrievals such as bathymetry. 10 Because the manifold coordinates are intrinsic, they offer the potential for significant compression of the data, and are furthermore very useful for displaying data structure that can not be seen by linear image processing representations when the data is inherently nonlinear. This is especially true, for example, when the data are known to contain strong nonlinearities, such as in the reflectance data obtained from hyperspectral imaging sensors over the water, where the medium itself is attenuating 235 . 7 These representations are also potentially useful in such applications as anomaly finding 2 . 3 A number of other researchers have looked at different aspects of the manifold coordinate representations such as the best way to exploit these representations through the backend classifier, 15 while others have examined alternative manifold coordinate models. 14 In this paper, we provide an overview of our scalable algorithm for deriving manifold coordinate representations of high-dimensional data such as hyperspectral imagery, describe some of our recent work to improve the local estimation of spectral neighborhood size, and demonstrate the benefits for problems such as anomaly finding.