cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GENETIC DETERMINATION OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM FOR MOUSE LIVER β-GALACTOSIDASE: INVOLVEMENT OF SITES PROXIMATE TO AND DISTANT FROM THE STRUCTURAL GENE

ABSTRACT The identification and mode of action of genetic loci that program gene expression during development are important for understanding differentiation in higher organisms. Previous work from this laboratory has identified two patterns for the postnatal development of liver β-galactosidase among inbred mouse strains: type I, where activity levels remain constant after about 30 days of age, is found in strains DBA/BJ, CBA/J, and BALB/cJ, among others; type 11, where activity levels increase between 25 and 50 days of age to reach a new adult level, is found in strain C57BL/6J and related strains. It has been shown that the type I vs. type II developmental difference between strains C57BL/6S and DBA/2J is due to variation at a locus, Bgl-t, that maps with the β-galactosidase complex, [Bgl], on chromosome 9. In the present study, we have confirmed the existence of Bgl-t as a temporal locus within [Bgl] by analysis of both a congenic strain carrying the β-galactosidase complex of strain CBA/J in the C57BL/6J genetic background and a cross of strains CBA/J and C57BL/6J. The existence of additional temporal loci for β-galactosidase that segregate independently of the structural gene and participate in determination of the type I vs. type II difference was revealed by analysis of: (1) a congenic strain containing the β-galactosidase complex of strain BALB/cJ in the C57BL/lOSn background; (2) recombinant inbred lines derived from progenitor strains C57BL/6ByJ and BALB/cByJ; and (3) a genetic cross between strains C57BL/6ByJ and BALB/cByJ. Thus, for these pairs of strains, the type I us. type II developmental difference is due to variation at a temporal locus (or loci) unlinked to the enzyme structural gene, and not at Bgl-t. These facts, together with information gathered from an examination of the distribution of β-galactosidase phenotypes among over 100 inbred strains (BREEN, LUSIS and PAIGEN 1977), have led us to conclude that the postnatal developmental pattern for liver β-galactosidase is determined by a set of interacting temporal genes. One of these, Bgl-t, is located within [Bgl], and one or more are separable from [Bgl] by recombination. A possible mode of interaction among the temporal and structural loci is suggested.
Clinical implications of incorporating heterogeneity corrections in mantle field irradiation

Abstract Purpose: Patient dose calculations for mantle-field irradiation have traditionally been performed using homogeneous, water phantom data. The advent of computed tomography (CT)-based treatment planning now permits dose calculations to be corrected for actual patient density. Incorporation of full heterogeneity corrections is desirable, because calculations performed in this fashion more closely represent the actual dose delivered to the patient. In preparation for full clinical implementation of heterogeneity corrections in mantle irradiation, an evaluation of possible changes in dosimetry when transitioning from treatment plans generated without heterogeneity corrections to treatment plans that incorporated full heterogeneity corrections is presented. Methods and materials: A retrospective analysis was performed of treatment plans with and without heterogeneity corrections for 15 consecutive patients who had undergone full mantle-field irradiation. Comparisons were made of the absolute delivered doses (in cGy per monitor unit) and the absolute volume (in cubic centimeters) enclosed by the isodose surface of the 30.6 Gy prescription line and the surface representing 90% of the prescribed dose. Dose–volume histograms (DVHs) were generated and studied to evaluate differences in the doses received by the lungs, heart, and spinal cord between corrected and uncorrected plans. Comparisons were made of the volumes of lung receiving at least 20 Gy, the volumes of heart receiving at least 25.2 Gy, and the maximum cord dose. Results: Dosimetric differences between heterogeneity-corrected and heterogeneity-uncorrected calculations were small. The mean total ratio of corrected-to-uncorrected dose per monitor unit was 1.01, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.02. The mean corrected-to-uncorrected treated volume ratio (30.6 Gy) was 0.97, SD 0.14, and the mean corrected-to-uncorrected volume ratio of the 90% isodose surface was 0.99, SD 0.02. The ratio of the volume of lung receiving at least 20 Gy was 1.03, SD 0.02; the ratio of the volume of heart receiving at least 25.2 Gy was 1.01, SD 0.03; and the maximum spinal cord dose ratio was 1.02, SD 0.02. Conclusions: In all patient treatment plans evaluated, no significant dosimetric differences were observed between heterogeneity-corrected and heterogeneity-uncorrected treatment plans. However, unpredictable differences in the prescription isodose (30.6 Gy) were observed. The differences in coverage at the 90% isodose volume were negligible. The dose administered to lung in heterogeneity-corrected plans demonstrates a higher dose overall, with the greatest increase occurring at volumes receiving at least 20 Gy. In light of these small dosimetric differences, we believe that heterogeneity corrections can be incorporated into full mantle-field treatment planning.
Age-related differences in inference revision processing.

In comparison to younger adults, older adults demonstrate deficiencies in cognitive and linguistic abilities. Such cognitive factors that decline with age include working memory capacity and inhibitory abilities. The purpose of the present investigation was to measure differences in time course processing of inference revision abilities, as well as working memory, as they exist relative to adult age differences. Fifteen neurologically intact older adults and 15 younger adults participated in this study. A cross-modal lexical priming paradigm was chosen as the measure of the inference revision task; the listening span task of Tompkins, Bloise, Timko, and Baumgaertner (1994) was selected as the measure of working memory. Both groups demonstrated normal priming effects. No age-related differences were found on the working memory measure. Age-related differences did emerge on inferencing abilities. A significant correlation emerged between the older group's performance on comprehending inference revisions and their working memory capacity. Generally, inhibitory abilities and working memory capacity appeared to adversely affect older participant's performance.
Trial wave functions with long-range Coulomb correlations for two-dimensional N-electron systems in high magnetic fields

A new class of analytic wave functions is derived for two dimensional N-electron $(2l~Nl\ensuremath{\infty})$ systems in high magnetic fields. These functions are constructed through breaking (at the Hartree-Fock level) and subsequent restoration (via post-Hartree-Fock methods) of the circular symmetry. They are suitable for describing long-range Coulomb correlations, while the Laughlin and composite-fermion functions describe Jastrow correlations associated with a short-range repulsion. Underlying our approach is a collectively-rotating-electron-molecule picture, yielding for all N an oscillatory radial electron density that extends throughout the system.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN ACTIONS: FINDING ESSENTIAL ACTUATORS, MOTION PATTERNS, AND THEIR COORDINATION

In this paper, we present the steps required for the construction of a praxicon, a structured lexicon of human actions, through the learning of grammar systems for human actions. The discovery of a Human Activity Language involves learning the syntax of human motion which requires the construction of this praxicon. The morphology inference process assumes that a non-arbitrary symbolic representation of the human movement is given. Thus, to analyze the morphology of a particular action, we are given a symbolic representation for the motion of each actuator associated with several repeated performances of this action. As a formal model, we propose a new Parallel Synchronous Grammar System where each component grammar corresponds to an actuator. We present a novel parallel learning algorithm to induce this grammar system. Our representation explicitly contains the set of joints (degrees of freedom) actually responsible for achieving the goal aimed by the activity, the motion performed by each participating actuator, and the synchronization rules modeling coordination among these actuators. We evaluated our inference approach with synthetic data and real human motion data. The algorithm manages to induce the correct grammar system even when the input contains noise. Therefore, our approach was successful in both representational and learning aspects, and may serve as a tool to parse movement, learn patterns, and to generate actions.
C-MYC COOPERATES WITH ACTIVATED RAS TO INDUCE THE CDC2 PROMOTER

Expression of c-myc with constitutively active mutants of the ras gene results in the cooperative transformation of primary fibroblasts, although the precise mechanism by which these genes cooperate is unknown. Since c-Myc has been shown to function as a transcriptional activator, we have examined the ability of c-Myc and activated Ras (H-RasV-12) to cooperatively induce the promoter activity of cdc2, a gene which is critical for cell cycle progression. Microinjection of expression constructs encoding H-RasV-12 and c-Myc along with a cdc2 promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid into quiescent cells led to an increase in cdc2 promoter activity approximately 30 h after injection, a period which coincides with the S-to-G2/M transition in these cells. Expression of H-RasV-12 alone weakly activated the cdc2 promoter, while expression of c-Myc alone had no effect. Mutants of c-Myc lacking either the leucine zipper dimerization domain or the phosphoacceptor site Ser-62 could not cooperate with H-RasV-12 to induce the cdc2 promoter. These mutants also lacked the ability to cooperate with H-RasV-12 to stimulate DNA synthesis. Deletion analysis identified a distinct region of the cdc2 promoter which was required for c-Myc responsiveness. Taken together, these observations suggest a mechanistic link between the molecular activities of c-Myc and Ras and induction of the cell cycle regulator Cdc2.
Effect of Expectancies on Intrinsic Motivation

The present study investigated the hypothesis that expectancies for rewards inherent in a task (working a Soma puzzle) increase intrinsic motivation for the task. Stronger expectancies of task-inhe...
Ultrafast photoinduced ferromagnetic phase enhancement in ion implanted GaMnAs

We report on the dramatic ultrafast photo-enhancement of ferromagnetism on a 100 picosecond timescale in ion-implanted semiconductor GaMnAs via photoexcited transient carriers. This non-thermal, transient cooperative magnetic process surprisingly quenches at low temperatures, significantly bellow the Curie temperature.
Specific refractivity‐temperature data for polyvinyl acetate and polybutyl acrylate

Refractive index-temperature and volume-temperature data for polyvinyl acetate and polybutyl acrylate have been determined and used to calculate the specific refractivity as a function of temperature by the Lorentz-Lorentz and the Eyckman equations. The results show a variation of specific refractivity with temperature which exceeds experimental error. The variation is evident as an increase of specific refractivity with temperature above Tm and suggests experiments which will show the increase more clearly. A theoretical justification for the increase of specific refractivity with temperature in polymers is discussed.
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Failure

In chronic kidney failure, there is impairment in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. As a result, tyrosine and the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio are reduced in plasma and many tissues, and phenylalanine concentrations tend to be normal or slightly increased. Although animal studies indicate that the kidney is not a major contributor to the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, human studies conducted in the postabsorptive state suggest that the kidney plays a major role in the uptake of phenylalanine and its hydroxylation and release as tyrosine. The human splanchnic bed in the postabsorptive state also displays net uptake of both phenylalanine and tyrosine and hydroxylation of substantial amounts of phenylalanine to form tyrosine. In chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, splanchnic uptake of tyrosine appears to be reduced in the postabsorptive state. After an amino acid meal, there is net release of phenylalanine from the splanchnic bed in normal subjects and to an even greater degree in CRF patients; tyrosine is released postprandially in both normal subjects and CRF patients. In the postabsorptive state, tyrosine release from the kidney is largely derived from the hydroxylation of phenylalanine. In CRF, the release of tyrosine from the kidney is reduced and this reduction may be marked with advanced CRF. These observations, as well as isotope studies indicating normal phenylalanine flux, reduced tyrosine flux and impaired conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in CRF patients, raise the possibility that tyrosine may be an essential amino acid in this condition. Further research will be necessary to answer this question. Oxidative stress, which often increases in CRF patients, may lead to increased formation of chlorotyrosine and nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins and of nitrotyrosine in the brain. Increased nitrotyrosine is also found in kidneys of patients with diabetic nephropathy or allograft nephropathy. Increased serum concentrations of oxidation products of phenylalanine have also been observed in patients with CRF. Impaired urinary excretion also may lead to accumulation of metabolic products of both phenylalanine and tyrosine in CRF. It is not known whether the elevated protein chlorotyrosine or nitrotyrosine or increased oxidative products of phenylalanine cause adverse metabolic or toxic effects in patients with CRF.
Controls on the deposition and preservation of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation and equivalents, Rocky Mountain region, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming

Regional variations in thickness and facies of clastic sediments are controlled by geographic location within a foreland basin. Preservation of facies is dependent on the original accommodation space available during deposition and ultimately by tectonic modification of the foreland in its postthrusting stages. The preservation of facies within the foreland basin and during the modification stage affects the kinds of hydrocarbon reservoirs that are present. This is the case for the Cretaceous Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation and equivalent strata in the Rocky Mountain region of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Biostratigraphically constrained isopach maps of three intervals within these formations provide a control on eustatic variations in sea level, which allow depositional patterns across dip and along strike to be interpreted in terms of relationship to thrust progression and depositional topography. The most highly subsiding parts of the Rocky Mountain foreland basin, near the fold and thrust belt to the west, typically contain a low number of coarse-grained sandstone channels but limited sandstone reservoirs. However, where subsidence is greater than sediment supply, the foredeep contains stacked deltaic sandstones, coal, and preserved transgressive marine shales in mainly conformable successions. The main exploration play in this area is currently coalbed gas, but the enhanced coal thickness combined with a Mowry marine shale source rock indicates that a low-permeability, basin-centered play may exist somewhere along strike in a deep part of the basin. In the slower subsiding parts of the foreland basin, marginal marine and fluvial sandstones are amalgamated and compartmentalized by unconformities, providing conditions for the development of stratigraphic and combination traps, especially in areas of repeated reactivation. Areas of medium accommodation in the most distal parts of the foreland contain isolated marginal marine shoreface and deltaic sandstones that were deposited at or near sea level lowstand and were reworked landward by ravinement and longshore currents by storms creating stratigraphic or combination traps enclosed with marine shale seals. Paleogeographic reconstructions are used to show exploration fairways of the different play types present in the Laramide-modified, Cretaceous foreland basin. Existing oil and gas fields from these plays show a relatively consistent volume of hydrocarbons, which results from the partitioning of facies within the different parts of the foreland basin.
Three Distinct Cases of Copper Deficiency in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

Although copper deficiency is a rare occurrence in the developed world, attention should be given to the proper supplementation of minerals to at-risk pediatric patients. This study presents 3 distinct cases of copper deficiency in hospitalized patients aged 14 months, 6 years, and 12 years. Two patients had short bowel syndrome, requiring prolonged parenteral nutrition or complex intravenous fluid supplementation. The third patient was severely malnourished. Copper deficiency manifested in all of our patients as either microcytic anemia or pancytopenia with myelodysplastic syndrome. Copper deficiency is an important diagnosis to be considered in patients with prematurity, parenteral nutrition dependency, malabsorption, and/or those with malnutrition. More studies are needed to establish appropriate amounts of copper supplementation to replenish copper stores in deficient patients.
Localization of protein-protein interactions between subunits of phytochrome.

We have used a nove1 assay based on protein fusions with h repressor to identify two small regions within phytochrome’s carboxy-terminal domain that are capable of mediating dimerization. Using an in vivo assay, fusions between the DNA binding, amino-terminal domain of h repressor and fragments from oat PhyA phytochrome have been assayed for increased repressor activity, an indicator of dimerization. In this assay system, regions of oat phytochrome between amino acids V6234673 and N1049-Q1129 have been shown to increase repressor activity. These short spans are highly conserved between proteins belonging to the phytochrome PhyA family. Embedded within these sequences are four segments that could potentially form amphipathic a helices. Two of the segments are well conserved between PhyA phytochrome and phytochromes encoded by the phyB and phyC genes, suggesting that heterodimers might form by way of subunit interaction at these sites.
Kikuchi‐Fujimoto’s Disease with Skin Manifestations

A fourteen-year-old female presented with persistent fever, abdominal pain, splenomegaly and multiple intra-abdominal lymphadenopathies. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy. Biopsies of the mesenteric lymph nodes revealed necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis, characterized by para-cortical fibrinous necrosis with karyorrhectic debris and histiocytic palisading, and paucity of the polymorphic neutrophils. She also developed concurrent skin lesions with scattered small non-itching vesicles and blisters over her back and lower legs. A punch biopsy revealed vacuolar interface changes, sub-epidermal blister formation, mild superficial perivascular infiltration, and follicle necrosis. Karyorrhectic debris and CD68-positive cells are noted around the follicle. A direct immunofluorescent study was negative for complement or immunoglobulin depositions. The patient was diagnosed as Kikuchi-Fujimoto’s disease, or necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis, a benign self-limited lymph node disorder most commonly occurred in young females. Patients with Kikuchi’s disease are typically presented with isolated cervical lymphadenopathy with or without accompanying fever. Multiple lymph node involvement, splenomegaly and/or cutaneous lesions are rare occurrences. The present patient experienced a severe inflammatory response syndrome manifested by respiratory failure, pancytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. She recovered completely after two weeks of intensive medical treatment. She has had no respiratory symptoms, residual lymphadenopathies or documented skin lesions in her follow-up three months after discharge.
Framing identity in Iran: Culture, conflict and the West

Foreign policy scholars do not often approach understanding the conflict between Iran and the West over the nuclear issue in terms of identity politics. Many observers would argue that strategic issues take center stage and drive the positions of the leaders on both sides. However, such a position assumes that leaders in Iran and in the West have a unified approach to the conflict. While a strategic approach might suggest that the trial agreement signed in the fall of 2013 resulted from Iran’s economic desperation brought on by tightened sanctions, there remain hardliners within Iran who did not want to see cooperation with the West despite the potential for Iran’s economic gains. We continue to see mixed reactions to the April 2015 framework agreement. Looking to the past (2005–2010) using a systematic, empirical approach to mapping these views offers greater understanding of the ways in which Iranian leaders viewed the nuclear negotiations with the West. In turn, what we learn from this period informs our effort to understand the negotiations as they continue today. Key findings are differentiation across the various leaders in terms of which strategies they use, as well as differentiation within each leader over time in the strategies they use. While observers largely agree that the nuclear issue has been elevated in Iranian politics, this analysis shows that there is actually much debate about what it means in terms of steps forward and orientation toward the West and demonstrates that we can create better tools to map these debates.
Spotlight - a low complexity highly accurate profile-based branch predictor

In an effort to achieve the high prediction accuracy needed to attain high instruction throughputs, branch predictors proposed in the literature and used in real systems have become increasingly more complex and larger over time. This is not consistent with the anticipated trend of simpler and more numerous cores in future multi-core processors. We introduce the Spotlight Branch predictor, a novel profile-based predictor which is able to achieve high prediction accuracy despite its simple design. Spotlight achieves high accuracy because complex decisions in the prediction process are made during an OS managed, one-time profile run instead of using complex hardware. We show that Spotlight achieves higher accuracy than Gshare as well as highly accurate and implementable predictors such as YAGS and the Hybrid Bimodal-Gshare predictor. It achieves an average reduction in misprediction rate of 20% over Gshare, 11% over Elastic History Buffer, 14% over Yags and 10% over Hybrid for a hardware budget of 8 kB. Spotlight is also compared to two difficult to implement neural predictors, the Path-based Neural and the Hashed Perceptron. It outperforms the Path-based Neural predictor at all sizes and the Hashed Perceptron at smaller hardware budgets. These results demonstrate that a simple profile-based predictor can achieve many of the benefits of more complex predictors. We also show that a single cycle latency implementation of Spotlight can be achieved without sacrificing accuracy by using an upstream replacement scheme.
Evaluation of control measures for black carpenter ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Current control methods for the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer), include the use of remedial and preventative residual sprays as well as toxic baits. We evaluated the acceptance of three baits (Maxforce, Niban, and Baygon) to field colonies of the black carpenter ant in the spring and fall. Maxforce bait granules were more readily accepted than either Niban or Baygon bait granules in the spring. A change in food preference from protein to sugar by the black carpenter ant appeared to reduce the number of Maxforce bait granules removed in the fall, resulting in no differences in bait acceptability. The longevity of Dursban 50W and Tempo 20WP were evaluated in the summer and fall on painted wood panels. Panels aged outside for 15 d under prevailing weather conditions exhibited increased LT50 values. For each sampling period, panels aged on the south face (in the sun) exhibited less insecticidal activity (i.e., large LT50 values) than panels on the north face (shaded; small LT50 values). At each sampling period, Tempo 20WP provided smaller LT50 values than Dursban 50W. Because of changing dietary preferences, our data highlight the importance of using various bait types for carpenter ant control. Moreover, the application of residual spays should be made to locations protected from direct sunlight.
Hematopoiesis versus osteogenesis in ectopic bone marrow transplants.

Dispersed and intact marrow fragments have been implanted in the omentum and subcutaneous fat of irradiated and nonirradiated hosts. Osteogenesis and hemopoiesis in varying proportions were observed at 10 and 35 days. The subcutaneous site favored osteogenesis, the omental site and host irradiation prior to transplant resulted in predominance of hemopoiesis. In dispersed and recompacted marrow grafts, only hemopoiesis developed. Differentiation was predominantly granulocytic. Osteogenesis is not an obligatory prerequisite of hemopoiesis in extramedullary sites.
Rhone-Poulenc S.A.

This case presents an omnibus corporate financing problem: the student must evaluate the feasibility of growth and financial goals, value the company, and plan a financing program. The case would be a useful focus for student-team projects or as a wrap-up case at the end of a course module on corporate finance. The CEO wants the company to grow faster than financial policy will permit, which provides an opportunity to discuss the link between corporate business policy and financial policy. Student and instructor worksheet files are available for use with this case and its teaching note.
A Hybrid Personalized Movie Recommender Based on Heterogeneous Preferences

Recommender systems — which filter information based on individual interests — represent one possible remedy for the problem of information overload. There are two major types of recommendation techniques — collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. While the content-based approach alleviates the “cold start” problem faced by collaborative filtering, its accuracy is generally lower. Therefore, a hybrid approach is commonly adopted. However, we find that the existing hybrid approaches are hampered by insufficient analysis of unstructured content features of recommended products and the neglects of heterogeneous individual preferences on product attributes. Therefore, we propose a new recommendation framework that utilizes latent semantic analysis to extract semantic features from unstructured text and employs multiple regression to identify unique product feature preferences for each user. By using a combined dataset from MovieLens and Microsoft Xbox, we develop a movie recommender as a proof of concept. The initial results represent a promising opportunity for combining behavioral studies and computer algorithms.
Feed-forward active contour analysis for improved brachial artery reactivity testing

The object of this study was to utilize a novel feed-forward active contour (FFAC) algorithm to find a reproducible technique for analysis of brachial artery reactivity. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is an important marker of vascular endothelial function but has not been adopted for widespread clinical use given its technical limitations, including inter-observer variability and differences in technique across clinical sites. We developed a novel FFAC algorithm with the goal of validating a more reliable standard. Forty-six healthy volunteers underwent FMD measurement according to the standard technique. Ultrasound videos lasting 5-10 seconds each were obtained pre-cuff inflation and at minutes 1 through 5 post-cuff deflation in longitudinal and transverse views. Automated segmentation using the FFAC algorithm with initial boundary definition from three different observers was used to analyze the images to measure diameter/cross-sectional area over the cardiac cycle. The %FMD was calculated for average, minimum, and maximum diameters/areas. Using the FFAC algorithm, the population-specific coefficient of variation (CV) at end-diastole was 3.24% for transverse compared to 9.96% for longitudinal measurements; the subject-specific CV was 15.03% compared to 57.41%, respectively. For longitudinal measurements made via the conventional method, the population-specific CV was 4.77% and subject-specific CV was 117.79%. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for transverse measurements was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98) compared to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) for longitudinal measurements with FFAC and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.51-0.84) for conventional measurements. In conclusion, transverse views using the novel FFAC method provide less inter-observer variability than traditional longitudinal views. Improved reproducibility may allow adoption of FMD testing in a clinical setting. The FFAC algorithm is a robust technique that should be evaluated further for its ability to replace the more limited conventional technique for measurement of FMD.
Reactivity of the Ln2+ Complexes [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][(C5H4SiMe3)3Ln]: Reduction of Naphthalene and Biphenyl

The reductive capacity of the recently discovered Ln2+ complexes [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′3Ln], 1-Ln (Cp′ = C5H4SiMe3; Ln = Y, La, Ce, Dy), has been probed by examining their reactions with aromatic hydrocarbons. [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′3Y], 1-Y, is capable of reducing naphthalene and forms a mixture of the naphthalenide dianion complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′2Y(η4-C10H8)], 2-Y, as well as the ligand redistribution product [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′4Y], 3-Y, and the cyclopentadienyl ligand salt [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′], 4. Naphthalene is reduced analogously by 1-La, 1-Ce, and 1-Dy. Each complex in the yttrium reaction was synthesized independently to confirm its identity in the mixture. Complex 2-Y was prepared from [Cp′2Y(THF)2][BPh4], 5 (synthesized from [Et3NH][BPh4] and Cp′3Y), and K/naphthalene. Complex 3-Y was obtained by adding KCp′ to Cp′3Y in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand. [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′] was synthesized from 2.2.2-cryptand and KCp′. Each C10 unit in the reduced naphthalene products, 2-Y, 2-L...
Design & Analysis of Simulation Experiments (DASE) Approach to Circuit Card Assembly Thermal Analysis

A multi-parameter sensitivity study was performed on a circuit card assembly using Design & Analysis of Simulation Experiments (DASE), a powerful tool to determine the statistical effects of input design parameters. Several input parameters were screened to determine their impact on thermal margin, and the results indicate that the dominant factors affecting thermal margin are the top cooling method (bare, heat plate and thermoelectric), the thermal interface material characteristics, power dissipations, and substrate through-plane thermal conductivity. The finite element model was simplified to a linear regression model using a modified Latin Hypercube Monte Carlo sampling method. This model allowed for many more variable combinations to be examined and to explore variable interaction. Although the particular results of this case study are important for this hardware design, even more important is the demonstration of the DASE process to model hardware and identify the statistical contribution of multiple design parameters to thermal performance. I. Introduction The DASE process is very similar to the Design of Experiments (DOE) process in many respects. Both processes are useful in statistically determining the relative importance of design factors or variables on resulting metrics. Both are used to determine not only the significance of individual effects, but also the significance of how design factors interact with one another to impact the resulting metrics. The primary difference between the two processes is that DASE is applied to analytical and numerical simulations, while DOE is applied to experiments. This is important because random variations do not necessarily exist in simulations as they do in experiments. If the exact same inputs are used during two experimental runs, slightly different results can be produced due to random variations. Simulations, however, are far more deterministic and identical results can be obtained in two different simulation runs provided the same inputs are used. The DASE process can be applied to any simulation model. In this particular case study, the DASE process is shown to be an effective analysis element of a robust design process. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how the DASE process can be applied to thermal analyses and sensitivity studies. The particular results of this study, such as which design parameters have the most significant effect, are not applicable to general circuit card thermal analyses.
EFFECT OF HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD ON SOLIDIFICATION STRUCTURE OF Al-2.89%Fe ALLOY

The effects of cooling rate,magnetic intensity and high gradient magnetic field on the distribution and morphology of Al_3Fe phase in Al-2.89%Fe(mass fraction)alloy were studied.The results show that the primary Al_3Fe phase with needle-like morphology is gathered at the bottom of the sample due to the gravity force when the alloy is solidified without magnetic field.However,when a high magnetic field of 12 T is applied,the primary Al_3Fe phase distributes throughout the sample homogeneously because that the magnetic force acted on the primary Al_3Fe phase balances with the gravity force,and the primary Al_3Fe phase aligns perpendicularly to the magnetic field direction with a preferred direction[121].Its orientation extent is not affected by cooling rate,but strengthened with increasing magnetic intensity.When the sample is set at the position with a large positive gradient magnetic field,the magnetic force acted on the primary Al_3Fe phase is greater than the gravity force, resulting in their segregation into the upper portion of the sample.Several needle-like primary Al_3Fe phases are integrated to form the polymer with a star shape.Furthermore,the mechanism of high magnetic field was discussed.
Constraints on paleofluid sources using the clumped-isotope thermometry of carbonate veins from the SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth) borehole

Abstract The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), near Parkfield, California, is a borehole drilled through two active deforming zones of the San Andreas fault, the Southwest Deforming Zone (SDZ) and the Central Deforming Zone (CDZ). These zones accommodate displacement by seismic slip and aseismic creep. Elevated fluid pressures and fluid–rock interactions have been proposed to explain the low apparent strength and aseismic creep observed, but the origin of the fluids and existence of high fluid pressures remains uncertain. We use clumped-isotope thermometry and δ18O–δ13C compositions of calcite in veins to constrain the origin of paleofluids and compare these results to the isotopic composition of modern-day pore fluids from the SAFOD borehole and nearby areas. We observe that: (1) calcite vein temperatures vary from 81 to 134 °C, which overlaps the current ambient borehole temperatures of 110–115 °C at sampled depths; (2) vein calcite is not in carbon isotope equilibrium with modern-day pore fluids; (3) the δ18O values of paleofluids close to the SDZ and CDZ, calculated from vein δ18O and temperature data, are not in equilibrium with local modern-day pore waters but approach equilibrium with modern pore waters far from these zones; and (4) syntectonic vein calcite is only in C- and O-isotopic equilibrium with their host rocks within the SDZ and CDZ. Spatial patterns of δ18O and δ13C show little evidence for across-fault fluid-flow. Clumped isotope temperatures are consistent with locally-derived fluid sources, but not with continuous or episodic replenishment of fluids from shallow sedimentary brines or deep fluid sources. Our findings are compatible with flow of meteoric fluids from the southwestern damage zone into the SDZ and CDZ, which would have favored the formation of weak phyllosilicates and contributed to the present day weakness of the two actively deforming zones.
A practical comparison between time-domain and frequency-domain diffusive optical imaging systems

Given either a finite number of time gates or a small number of RF frequencies, we examine which system design yields the maximum usable information for diffusive optical tomography in both transmissive and reflective geometries.
Fractures and Dislocations of the Spine Complicating Ankylosing Spondylitis

Six patients with Marie-Strumpell arthritis and recent fractures of the vertebral column, associated with neural involvement in five, were treated in a two-year period. Six other patients with this disease, seen during the same period for other reasons, showed evidence of old unrecognized vertebral fractures. Fractures of the vertebral column in patients with Marie-Strumpell arthritis are relatively common after trauma and may be overlooked because of the history of chronic pain in the neck and back before the injury. Careful examination and adequate roentgenograms are mandatory in all patients with Marie-Strumpell disease who complain of pain in the spine after injury. Conservative management is indicated for the treatment of patients without neural involvement. If there is progressive neural involvement, instability of the vertebral spine, or both, immediate exploration followed by fusion is indicated.
Workflow Challenges of Enterprise Imaging: HIMSS-SIIM Collaborative White Paper

With the advent of digital cameras, there has been an explosion in the number of medical specialties using images to diagnose or document disease and guide interventions. In many specialties, these images are not added to the patient’s electronic medical record and are not distributed so that other providers caring for the patient can view them. As hospitals begin to develop enterprise imaging strategies, they have found that there are multiple challenges preventing the implementation of systems to manage image capture, image upload, and image management. This HIMSS-SIIM white paper will describe the key workflow challenges related to enterprise imaging and offer suggestions for potential solutions to these challenges.
Real-time single track location ultrasound elasticity imaging using graphic processing units

Ultrasound Shearwave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) is a set of methods for measuring the elastic properties of biological tissues. Since the elastic properties of tissue are known to change with disease state, the application of these methods to clinical staging of disease is an active area of research. However, the fundamental signal generation and processing techniques required to make these elastic property measurements are still being developed. Our technique, Single Track Location Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (STL-ARFI) imaging, was developed to address spatial uncertainties in the tracking of the shearwaves. Yet, to apply the method in a clinical setting, real-time processing is required. In this work, we develop a signal processing package that provides real-time STL-ARFI elastic images using Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). This acceleration is achieved by way of a highly optimized Windowed Normalized Cross-Correlation (WNCC) algorithm achieving over 5000 frames per second of displacement estimation.
Complex Adaptive Behavior: Pragmatic Idealism

Abstract The introduction of new concepts is a driver of organizational evolution and transformation. A newly introduced concept can introduce new meaning that is disparate to existing understanding. A new concept may also be interpreted in multiple ways, thereby introducing several disparate meanings. The disparity is resolved through adaptation. The disparity introduces complex adaptive behavior to the organization, requiring suitable changes to its management and design. The development of corresponding doctrine for new concepts, and training for the organization's constituents become indispensable. In so doing, constituents can be involved in the adaptation process through direct participation, and thereby include the cognitive dimension. In this paper we present a means by which the complex adaptive behavior exhibited by an organization when new concepts and ideas are introduced can be studied. We apply the Pragmatic Idealism framework, which provides a theoretical construct where the domain of awareness is an abstraction of reality. This framework supports the coexistence of multiple perspectives and understanding. The framework allows for perspectives that are intrinsically correct, yet holistically incomplete. It includes the human cognitive component into cyber physical system providing a bridge between the physical and information dimensions.
NOVEL DERMATOPHILOSIS AND CONCURRENT AMYLOIDOSIS IN SANDERLINGS ( CALIDRIS ALBA) FROM LOUISIANA, USA.

ABSTRACT: We observed Sanderlings (Calidris alba) with facial growths in coastal Louisiana, US during summer of 2016. Severe lesions were associated with lethargy and lack of a flight response. We determined that the skin growth etiology was a bacterium of the genus Dermatophilus, rarely reported infecting birds. Sanderlings also exhibited severe amyloidosis.
A life cycle impact assessment method for freshwater eutrophication due to the transport of phosphorus from agricultural production

Abstract In life cycle assessment (LCA), the freshwater eutrophication potential (EP) of agricultural systems is difficult to assess. In common practice, the EP is assessed using release factors that reflect average soil and receiving water conditions in a particular region, typically Western Europe. Local conditions are highly variable, and generic release factors do not provide an accurate assessment in locations where conditions deviate significantly from the average conditions in Western Europe. We present a method to assess the freshwater EP of phosphorus discharge from agricultural systems using estimates of annual phosphorus loss and phosphorus loss reduction due to flow through riparian zones. The method combines an annual phosphorus loss estimator, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the runoff curve number, and a simple riparian zone model; which together represent the most important mechanisms controlling the release of P from agricultural systems. All required data are publicly available. The method is evaluated by comparing its predictions with reference results from five test cases derived from three studies that used calibrated and validated process-based modeling tools to estimate phosphorus loss. Results of a common LCA impact method (i.e. using a site-generic factor) are also compared with the reference studies. Relative to the estimates of the detailed reference studies, the predictions of a common LCA method were inaccurate (percent relative error up to −86%), showing significant underestimation (percent bias = 79), and a root mean square error to observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) of 2.17. The proposed method reproduced the reference studies’ predictions with a lower percent relative error (less than 27%), a relatively small underestimation (percent bias = 5.2%), and a significantly reduced error (RSR = 0.38). Predictions from the proposed method are significantly better correlated, as quantified by the coefficient of determination (RSQ), with the reference values (RSQ = 0.869) than those from using a site-generic factor (RSQ = 0.001). The evaluation indicated that the proposed method provides more accurate estimates of EP from agricultural use of phosphorus than the common practice of using a site-generic factor. Because the method uses simple equations based on the factors governing phosphorus loss, it is easily integrated into LCA and provides more accurate and reliable estimates of freshwater eutrophication potential from agricultural use of phosphorus.
Coastal eutrophication and freshening: Impacts on Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and domoic acid allelopathy

Abstract Species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia can produce domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. This release of DA by toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in the water column may be a way to help the cells to outcompete other phytoplankton species (i.e. allelopathy). In this study, the influence of salinity and nutrient inputs on the effect of DA on natural phytoplankton community compositions was investigated using bioassays to measure phytoplankton responses to 400 ng DA ml−1. Dissolved DA (dDA) was added to natural phytoplankton assemblages from a low salinity site dominated by river runoff and from a relatively pristine, high salinity site in which nutrients were added simultaneously with dDA. At the low salinity site, the percent inhibition of cryptophytes and diatoms induced by the addition of dDA was negatively correlated with salinity. However, at the high salinity site with nutrients added, no correlation with salinity was observed. This study highlights how environmental factors such as salinity and nutrients can play important roles on toxin allelopathy by alleviating or exacerbating its effect.
High-Resolution Velocity Field Measurements of Turbulent Round Free Jets in Uniform Environments

Turbulent round free jets are one of the most common jet types, which have been intensively studied in the research community for over 90 years. Due to its characteristics of momentum transport in ...
Epigenetics in Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide. Heritability studies implicate a strong environmental component to disease etiology, with most depressive episodes occurring after major stressful life events. In addition to genetic factors, a vulnerability to stress-induced depression may be conferred by many developmental risk factors, including maternal diet, anxiety and depression, early-life adversity, hormonal fluctuations, and inflammation. The deleterious effects of these environmental risk factors interact with the genome through epigenetic mechanisms, leaving lasting DNA methylation and histone modification marks that may lead to neuroconnectivity changes associated with disrupted emotional regulation and blunted reward circuitry. The parental transmission of epigenetic effects may lead to incidences of soft inheritance and require a careful reflection on the degree of genetic evidence for MDD. The efficacy of cross-tissue epigenetic findings in light of systemic hormonal etiological factors is discussed. The epigenetic effects of various environmental insults are beginning to be cataloged in a systemic manner with the help of genome-wide epigenetic profiling technologies; however, subcellular heterogeneity within sampled tissues may cause the identification of spurious disease associated findings. Application and refinement of novel techniques generated to control for such heterogeneity will be necessary to identify the full range of etiologically relevant environmentally induced epigenetic variation in future studies.