cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Aspects of Vasospasm

The essential aspects of the diagnosis of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage are presented. The authors emphasize the prediction and diagnosis of vasospasm in its early stages. Various known or suspected risk factors for the disease are reviewed. The differential diagnosis of neurologic deterioration after subarachnoid hemorrhage is discussed briefly.
When Mice devour the Elephants

Size-based scheduling (SBS) has been shown to offer significant performance improvement in Web servers and routers. However, most of the performance benefits offered by SBS rely on the premise that the scheduler will interact with a "well behaved" heavy tailed job size distribution. In this paper we design an attack that degrades the performance of an SBS scheduler by subjecting it to a job size distribution which violates the core traffic properties from which SBS derives its strengths. Through theoretical work and a wide range of experiments, we demonstrate the lethality of the attack against routers that use SBS. Additionally, we cite evidence that indicates why the tools and practical manoeuvres required to carry out the attack on a live network are within the reach of adversaries. As flavors of SBS begin to grace the Internet, the paper provides a timely cautionary note on the challenges that SBS could face if widely deployed without specialized defense mechanisms.
Moving beyond means: revealing features of the learning environment by investigating the consensus among student ratings

Student ratings, a critical component in policy efforts to assess and improve teaching, are often collected using questionnaires, and inferences about teachers are then based on aggregated student survey responses. While considerable attention has been paid to the reliability and validity of these aggregates, much less attention has been paid to within-classroom consensus, and what that consensus can reveal about classrooms. This study used data from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project to investigate how the consensus among student ratings in a classroom can enhance our understanding of the learning environment, and potentially could be used to understand features of instructional practice. The results suggest that consensus is related to teacher effectiveness, the questioning strategies used by teachers, and the demographic heterogeneity of students. The possibility of instructional subclimates and the implications for the use of overall averages in teacher appraisal are discussed together with directions for future research.
O3, CH4, CO2, CO, NO2 and NMHC aircraft measurements in the Uinta Basin oil and gas region under low and high ozone conditions in winter 2012 and 2013

Instrumented aircraft measuring air composition in the Uinta Basin, Utah, during February 2012 and January-February 2013 documented dramatically different atmospheric ozone (O3) mole fractions. In 2012 O3 remained near levels of ∼40 ppb in a well-mixed 500–1000 m deep boundary layer while in 2013, O3 mole fractions >140 ppb were measured in a shallow (∼200 m) boundary layer. In contrast to 2012 when mole fractions of emissions from oil and gas production such as methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and combustion products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) were moderately elevated, in winter 2013 very high mole fractions were observed. Snow cover in 2013 helped produce and maintain strong temperature inversions that capped a shallow cold pool layer. In 2012, O3 and CH4 and associated NMHCs mole fractions were not closely related. In 2013, O3 mole fractions were correlated with CH4 and a suite of NMHCs identifying the gas field as the primary source of the O3 precursor NMHC emissions. In 2013 there was a strong positive correlation between CH4 and CO2 suggesting combustion from oil and natural gas processing activities. The presence of O3 precursor NMHCs through the depth of the boundary layer in 2013 led to O3 production throughout the layer. In 2013, O3 mole fractions increased over the course of the week-long episodes indicating O3 photochemical production was larger than dilution and deposition rates, while CH4 mole fractions began to level off after 3 days indicative of some air being mixed out of the boundary layer. The plume of a coal-fired power plant located east of the main gas field was not an important contributor to O3 or O3 precursors in the boundary layer in 2013.
Mogeste: A Mobile Tool for In-Situ Motion Gesture Design

Motion gestures can be expressive, fast to access and perform, and facilitated by ubiquitous inertial sensors. However, implementing a gesture recognizer requires substantial programming and pattern recognition expertise. Although several graphical desktop-based tools lower the threshold of development, they do not support ad hoc development in naturalistic settings. We present Mogeste, a mobile tool for in-situ motion gesture design. Mogeste allows interaction designers to within minutes envision, train, and test motion gesture recognizers using inertial sensors in commodity devices. Furthermore, it enables rapid creative exploration by designers, at any time and within any context that inspires them. By supporting data collection, iterative design, and evaluation of envisioned gestural interactions within the context of its end-use, Mogeste reduces the gap between development and usage environments. In addition to the design and implementation of Mogeste, we also present findings from a user study with 7 novice designers.
Absorption Cross Sections of 2-Nitrophenol in the 295–400 nm Region and Photolysis of 2-Nitrophenol at 308 and 351 nm

2-Nitrophenol is an important component of “brown carbon” in the atmosphere. Photolysis is its dominant gas phase removal process. We have determined the gas phase absorption cross sections of 2-nitrophenol in the 295–400 nm region by using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. 2-Nitrophenol exhibits a broad absorption band over the wavelength region studied, with the peak absorption located at 345 nm. Absorption cross section values range between (2.86 ± 0.18) × 10–18 and (2.63 ± 0.31) × 10–20 cm2/molecule over the 295–400 nm range. We have investigated the HONO, NO2, and OH formation channels following the gas phase photolysis of 2-nitrophenol at 308 and 351 nm. Direct NO2 formation was not observed. HONO and OH are direct products from 2-nitrophenol photolysis. The average OH quantum yields from the photolysis of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mTorr of 2-nitrophenol are 0.69 ± 0.07 and 0.70 ± 0.07 at 308 and 351 nm. The average HONO quantum yields are 0.34 ± 0.09 and 0.39 ± 0.07 at 308 and 351 nm. The OH and HONO quantum ...
Genetic Association of Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Cardiometabolic Traits, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease.

Importance In observational studies, abdominal adiposity has been associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Whether these associations represent causal relationships remains uncertain. Objective To test the association of a polygenic risk score for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for body mass index (BMI), a measure of abdominal adiposity, with type 2 diabetes and CHD through the potential intermediates of blood lipids, blood pressure, and glycemic phenotypes. Design, Setting, and Participants A polygenic risk score for WHR adjusted for BMI, a measure of genetic predisposition to abdominal adiposity, was constructed with 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The association of this score with cardiometabolic traits, type 2 diabetes, and CHD was tested in a mendelian randomization analysis that combined case-control and cross-sectional data sets. Estimates for cardiometabolic traits were based on a combined data set consisting of summary results from 4 genome-wide association studies conducted from 2007 to 2015, including up to 322 154 participants, as well as individual-level, cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank collected from 2007-2011, including 111 986 individuals. Estimates for type 2 diabetes and CHD were derived from summary statistics of 2 separate genome-wide association studies conducted from 2007 to 2015 and including 149 821 individuals and 184 305 individuals, respectively, combined with individual-level data from the UK Biobank. Exposures Genetic predisposition to increased WHR adjusted for BMI. Main Outcomes and Measures Type 2 diabetes and CHD. Results Among 111 986 individuals in the UK Biobank, the mean age was 57 (SD, 8) years, 58 845 participants (52.5%) were women, and mean WHR was 0.875. Analysis of summary-level genome-wide association study results and individual-level UK Biobank data demonstrated that a 1-SD increase in WHR adjusted for BMI mediated by the polygenic risk score was associated with 27-mg/dL higher triglyceride levels, 4.1-mg/dL higher 2-hour glucose levels, and 2.1–mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure (each P Conclusions and Relevance A genetic predisposition to higher waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. These results provide evidence supportive of a causal association between abdominal adiposity and these outcomes.
Sorting Visual Complexity and Intelligibility of Information Visualization Forms

Faced with the challenge of information explosion, almost everyone have been exposed to some kind of information visualization in varies of forms. Understanding how people read, understand, interpret and distinguish various forms of visualizations helps designers and developers think about how to improve the designs from the perspectives of users. This paper applied a mixed research method of quantitative and qualitative to explore how the designs of visualization forms evolved, and whether those kinds of graphs and charts are easy for users to understand, and how much information the users can get from the visualization. By testing if users are able to easily and accurately reach the information and providing the scales of simple to complex, and easy to hard, we see that basic visualizations like bar, pie, bubble, line, and scatter charts have been distributed in areas which are relatively simple in design and easy to read. Nonetheless, visualizations like the tree, parallel coordinate, sunburst, heat map, box plot and Sankey graphs have been concentrated in the regions of relatively complex in design, and are difficult to understand. In addition, the visualizations, including stacked bar, word cloud, box plot, and theme river that frequently appeared in the middle region of the grid, embodied the transitions of visualization design from simple to complex, and easy to hard.
A mitochondrial protein increases glycolytic flux

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of mitochondria in postmortem muscle metabolism. Isolated mitochondria were incorporated into a reaction buffer that mimics postmortem glycolysis with or without mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors. Addition of mitochondria lowered pH values at 240 and 1440min regardless of inhibitors. Reduction in pH was accompanied by enhanced glycogen degradation and lactate accumulation. To explore the mechanism responsible for this exaggerated metabolism, mitochondrial preparations were mechanically disrupted and centrifuged. Resulting supernatants and pellets each were added to the in vitro model. Mitochondrial supernatants produced similar effects as those including intact mitochondria. To narrow further our target of investigation, mitochondrial supernatants were deproteinized with perchloric acid. The effect of mitochondrial supernatant was lost after perchloric acid treatment. These data indicate that a mitochondrial-based protein is capable of increasing glycolytic flux in an in vitro model and may partially explain acid meat development in highly oxidative AMPKγ3R200Q mutated pigs.
H. capsulatum: A Not-So-Benign Cause of Pericarditis

The common causes of pericarditis and its course are benign in the majority of cases. Thus, further testing is usually not pursued and treatment for a presumptive viral etiology with nonsteroidal agents and steroids has been an accepted strategy. We present a patient with pericarditis who was unresponsive to first-line therapy and was subsequently found to have necrotizing granulomas of the pericardium with extensive adhesions and fungal elements seen on tissue biopsy. Serologic testing confirms active H. capsulatum infection, and he responded well to Itraconazole treatment. In patients with pericarditis who fail standard therapy with NSAIDs and steroids, it is suggested that they undergo thorough evaluation and that histoplasmosis be considered as an etiology, especially in endemic regions.
Divergent Effects of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in the Induction of NOX4 during Cancer Progression: A Bioinformatics Approach

Previously, we have shown that TGF-beta induced NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression is involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process critical for cancer metastasis. Further, we found that wild-type and tumor-associated mutated forms of p53 cause divergent effects on TGF-beta induction of NOX4: wild-type (WT-p53) suppresses whereas mutant p53 (mut-p53) augments NOX4 expression in several established tumor cell models. We sought to confirm and extend our findings using publically-available sequencing data from primary tumor samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Here, we report that NOX4 is differentially expressed depending on tumor type and histopathological stages. To investigate the broad significance of our previous model in many cancers, we created a pan-cancer cohort of over 23 types of primary tumors. NOX4 strongly correlates with EMT gene signatures relative to other isoforms in the NOX family in this pan-cancer cohort. We found that the strength of correlation is dependent on specific p53 hot-spot mutations. Interestingly, increased NOX4 expression is associated with poor survival outcome in patients with mut-p53, whereas increased NOX4 is correlated with better survival in patients with WT-p53. We uncovered other divergent effects of p53 mutation status on apoptosis and proliferation marker mRNA levels as a function of NOX4 that may further support roles for NOX4 in cancer progression.
Status of Credentialing Structures Related to Secondary Transition: A State-Level Policy Analysis:

To understand the current status of transition-related credentialing systems in driving personnel preparation, it is necessary to identify which state education and rehabilitation services agencies...
Levetiracetam Extended Release as Adjuvant Therapy for the Control of Partial-onset Seizures

Extended release (XR) formulation of levetiracetam (LEV) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an add-on to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for adults with partial onset seizures. This is based on class-I evidence demonstrating significant seizure reduction in once daily dosing. Keppra-XR is marketed with the brand name of Keppra XR since 2008 (UCB Pharma). Its original immediate release (IR) formulation has been in the market since 2000. LEV has a unique molecular structure which is chemically unrelated to existing AEDs. The precise mechanism of action is unknown. Animal studies showed binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, thought to be involved in modulating synaptic neurotransmitter release. LEV-IR is proven effective as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures. It was shown to be equivalent to carbamazepine as first-line treatment for partial-onset seizures. The extended release formulation added advantages such as better tolerance and increased compliance.
Afterword—Looking for Love

The Afterword reflects on the contributions of this volume, emphasizing the benefits of a comparativist perspective: a wealth of new data about lived religion and ordinary people’s practices and beliefs in the realm of marital intimacy, and about just how powerfully national cultural-political contexts can shape reproductive behaviours; insight into the astonishing variability in the ways State–clergy–laity constellations could play out; and a far more robust grasp of the vigour of progressive opinion within Catholic Europe in the decades between the 1920s and 1970s than either secular historians or current official Catholic accounts might lead one to believe. But the Afterword also reflects on the historical conundrums of causality and contingency, exploring the paradoxical impact of the encyclical and its ambiguous afterlife in our twenty-first-century present.
Delay discounting in traumatic brain injury: A potential avenue for growth in experimental analysis.

Delay discounting has emerged in the scientific literature as a frequent measure of impulsivity across a large number of populations. Because of the high rates of impulsivity in individuals who have sustained a brain injury, measures of discounting that put choices into a temporal context may be par
Determination of Elastic Constants of Anisotropic Materials from Oblique Angle Ultrasonic Wave Measurements II: Experimental

There has been a renewed interest in the study of elastic properties of anisotropic materials in recent years, particularly with the wide usage of custom made advanced composites in many aspects of aerospace structures. These composites are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials. Nondestructive evaluation of composites is highly desirable, both for defects characterization and mechanical properties. Ultrasonic methods are especially well suited for determination of the elastic properties of materials.
Adatom Site Determination using Channeling Effects in RHEED on X-ray and Auger Electron Production

In recent years, several authors have discussed the effects of variations in diffraction conditions in Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) on Auger electron or characteristic X-ray emission. Ichimiya and Takeuchi [1] in particular have recently observed a strong enhancement of the Auger electron production at the surface wave resonance (SWR) condition, in experiments on MgO under Ultra-high Vacuum (UHV) conditions. “Monolayer resonances” which increase the intensity of Bragg beams by as much as 100, have also been analyzed in Pt(111) by Marten and Meyer-Ehmsen [2]. A related theoretical and experimental study of Auger and backscattered electron production for low energy electrons (E < 2 kV) incident at near-normal incidence on bulk samples has also been given [3,4]. (Here many Bloch waves are excited, unlike the reflection case.) Experimental observations of channelling effects on backscattered electron production, and their uses to provide image contrast in a UHV scanning reflection electron microscope have also been reported [5]. For a recent analysis of the diffraction conditions required to excite the surface wave resonance condition, the reader is referred to the work of Ichimiya, Kambe and Lehumpfuhl [6]. Channeling effects on characteristic X-ray production in RHEED are further analyzed in Miyake and Hayakawa [7].
Influence of Acceptor Side-Chain Length and Conjugation-Break Spacer Content on the Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Semi-Random Polymers

Conjugation-break spacers (CBS) have been shown to enhance the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. In particular, incorporation of CBS units into semi-random polymers has revealed high ductility and low elastic moduli, attributed to the combined influence of the CBS units and the semi-random architecture. To further elucidate the structure–property relationships in these polymers, two new families of semi-random polymers are reported here. In the first, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based semi-random polymers incorporating diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units were synthesized in which CBS units with 4–10 carbons were incorporated from 10 to 40% with an equivalent content of 2-decyltetradecyl-DPP (dtdDPP) to overcome solubility limitations previously observed with 2-ethylhexyl-DPP (ehDPP). These polymers had much higher solubility and could attain higher molecular weights, formed films with high integrity, and displayed extraordinary mechanical properties, with elastic moduli as low as 5.45 MPa and fracture...
Robust intrinsic differences in mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission between L6 and C2C12 cells

Rat L6 and mouse C2C12 cell lines are commonly used to investigate myocellular metabolism. Mitochondrial characteristics of these cell lines remain poorly understood despite mitochondria being impl...
Towards Better Understanding of Software Maintainability Evolution

Due to effort and scalability challenges involved in understanding software maintainability evolution, and conflicts and synergies among software quality attributes on a large scale, researchers are forced to adjust the scope and granularity of their analysis which oftentimes results in skipping the code or applying lightweight static analysis techniques over commit history. To address this scarcity, we developed SQUAAD, a comprehensive framework including a cloud-based automated infrastructure accompanied by a data analytics and visualization toolset. SQUAAD has been documented in multiple recent research publications empowering their empirical studies and is used by a major governmental entity.
A variational phase-field model for brittle fracture in polydisperse elastomer networks

Abstract The distribution of chain lengths in elastomer networks occurs naturally during polymerization, and has a critical role in the mechanical behavior of these materials, including the damage and fracture response. A common underlying assumption for the majority of constitutive models for rubber elasticity is that all the chains admit the same length. Moreover, in the classical statistical mechanical model for elastomer networks, the changes in internal energy are generally assumed to be negligible in comparison to the changes in configurational entropy. In contrast, the fracture process in a elastomer network, as already demonstrated in the well-known Lake-Thomas model, is essentially internal energy dominated. In this paper, we formulate a phase-field model for brittle fracture in polydisperse elastomer networks extending and merging recent advances in the fields of (a) homogenization of elastomer networks and (b) the variational approach to brittle fracture, allowing for predictions of crack nucleation, initiation and propagation. The free energy of the continuum is obtained employing an eight chain network model, accounting for (a) internal energy contributions from the extension of molecular bonds and (b) arbitrary chain length distribution. The representative chain in the eight chain network model takes into account the distribution of chain lengths, following the recently developed equal force model. We employ a mixed displacement-pressure formulation for the discretization of the incompressible large deformation elastic problem that arises. The analytical solution for the crack nucleation problem of an incompressible hyperelastic bar under uniaxial loading is compared with the three-dimensional simulation result. Finally, we demonstrate through a representative numerical simulation the capability of the gradient damage model to simulate crack propagation in an incompressible elastomer network.
Is 45 the new 50? Controversies in lowering the screening age for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains both the third most common and deadly cancer in the United States in 2018 [1]. This is despite overall decreases in incidence and mortality, presumably due to increa...
Neuronally expressed anti-tau scFv prevents tauopathy-induced phenotypes in Drosophila models

Abstract We have derived single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from tau antibody hybridomas and previously shown their promise as imaging diagnostic agents. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of anti-tau scFv in transgenic Drosophila models that express in neurons wild-type (WT) human tau (htau) or the human tauopathy mutation R406W. scFv expressing flies were crossed with the tauopathy flies and analyzed. Overall, the survival curves differed significantly (p In summary, these findings support the therapeutic potential of an anti-tau scFv, including as gene therapies, and the use of Drosophila models for such screening.
Stillbirth at Term: Grief Theories for Care of Bereaved Women and Families in Intrapartum Settings

Death in intrapartum settings poses a paradox for providers, whose expertise may be limited in assisting bereaved women and families facing the trauma of stillbirth. Many providers are familiar with Kubler-Ross' stage theory of grief; however, more recent theories augment her early work in care of bereaved persons. Through an evolving case study of a couple for whom pregnancy ends in stillbirth at term, 4 theories of grief-loss of the assumptive world, the dual process model, continuing bonds, and complicated grief-are presented to assist intrapartum care providers toward more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of grief responses not fully explained by simple stage theory. These 4 theories are not prescriptive, nor are they comprehensive; however, they are highly relevant and foundational for current understanding of responses and needs of bereaved women and families for whom pregnancy ends in death.
Negativity decontaminating: Communication media affordances for emotion regulation strategies

Abstract A challenging part of many occupations is dealing with negative emotions from customers, coworkers and other communication partners on a daily basis. This paper describes a case-based, inductive study of information technology (IT) help-desk workers within a Fortune 500 energy company and the communication media and emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) they employ for dealing with negative emotions from communication partners. Using the technology affordance perspective as the theoretical lens to understand the role of communication media, the present study is the first of its kind to document empirically how employees and management can leverage communication media to ease the strain of emotion regulation upon members and the IT help-desk group—an original concept we label negativity decontaminating. Here, individuals' technologically enabled ERSs are metaphorically likened to the techniques used by medical workers to avoid contamination from viruses. This negativity decontaminating potential includes several media affordances existing at two levels: a group level affordance (negativity filtering) and individual level affordances (negativity isolating, negativity barriering, and negativity containing). Moreover, the tech-organizational contexts at the case organization gave rise to a set of conditions that affected the exercising and actualization of media's negativity decontaminating potential.
Pyoverdine Assay for Rapid and Early Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burn Wounds

Infection is responsible for up to 60% of deaths in burn patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has the highest mortality rate among all causes of bacteremia. These aggressive and virulent infect...
EEG Channel Interpolation Using Deep Encoder-decoder Netwoks

Electrode "pop" artifacts originate from the spontaneous loss of connectivity between a surface and an electrode. Electroencephalography (EEG) uses a dense array of electrodes, hence "popped" segments are among the most pervasive type of artifact seen during the collection of EEG data. In many cases, the continuity of EEG data is critical for downstream applications (e.g. brain machine interface) and requires that popped segments be accurately interpolated. In this paper we frame the interpolation problem as a self-learning task using a deep encoder-decoder network. We compare our approach against contemporary interpolation methods on a publicly available EEG data set. Our approach exhibited a minimum of ~15% improvement over contemporary approaches when tested on subjects and tasks not used during model training. We demonstrate how our model's performance can be enhanced further on novel subjects and tasks using transfer learning. All code and data associated with this study is open-source to enable ease of extension and practical use. To our knowledge, this work is the first solution to the EEG interpolation problem that uses deep learning.
Preliminary Testing of Peer-Teaching Models Utilizing Geospatial Open Source Tools to Address Community Health Issues

Young people’s involvement in community-based research is not a new phenomenon, but rather a limited practice. Although young people have valuable insights to share, their voices are often missing from the research process. To address this void, Youth Enrichment Services (YES) engages youth from under-resourced contexts and creates authentic learning experiences by connecting them to social issues that impact their lives. YES’ most recent project is highlighted in this study, where teenage youth of color examined the social and environmental conditions that contributed to heightened lead exposure in a Pittsburgh Community. Using community-based participation research, students became the study’s architects, data gatherers, and analysts thereby centering their critical perspectives in an adult-centric research regime. This study offers insight into how the employed peer-teaching, field-based learning model equipped students to facilitate their own geospatial learning to address toxic lead exposure. The results suggest that by harnessing and then channeling the varied interest and technical skill levels of students, peer teaching models significantly enhanced technical learning outcomes when implemented in an applied, community-oriented research context. Integrating technical skills education with youth driven CBPR adds the critical dimension of youth experience into the research process and allows students to own their knowledge development.
Corticosteroid control of Na+/K+-ATPase in the intestine of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus).

Abstract Anadromous sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae undergo a months-long true metamorphosis during which they develop seawater (SW) tolerance prior to downstream migration and SW entry. We have previously shown that intestinal Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity increases during metamorphosis and is critical to the osmoregulatory function of the intestine in SW. The present study investigated the role of 11-deoxycortisol (S) in controlling NKA in the anterior (AI) and posterior (PI) intestine during sea lamprey metamorphosis. In a tissue profile, nka mRNA and protein were most abundant in the gill, kidney, and AI. During metamorphosis, AI nka mRNA increased 10-fold, whereas PI nka mRNA did not change. Specific corticosteroid receptors were found in the AI, which had a higher binding affinity for S compared to 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC). In vivo administration of S in mid-metamorphic lamprey upregulated NKA activity 3-fold in the AI and PI, whereas administration of DOC did not affect intestinal NKA activity. During a 24 h SW challenge test, dehydration of white muscle moisture was rescued by prior treatment with S, which was associated with increased intestinal nka mRNA and NKA activity. These results indicate that intestinal osmoregulation in sea lamprey is a target for control by S during metamorphosis and the development of SW tolerance.
A Tale of Three Villages: Contested Discourses of Place-Making in Central Philadelphia

As the acceptance of queer identities has proceeded in fits and starts over the last few decades, the question has been raised, is it still necessary to have dedicated queer spaces? City dwellers often reason that with supposed improvements in safety and social mixing, the “gay ghettos” that form a transitional stage in neighborhood revitalization should now become common areas. Yet the capitalist logic that drives this thinking often trades the physical threat of exclusion or violence for an existential one, jeopardizing a distinctive culture that remains valuable in the self-realization process of local queer citizens. This is visible not only in changing demographics, but also in the production of discourse across multiple levels; language and semiotics help to constitute neighborhoods, but also to conceptualize them. This chapter examines how public signs and artifacts reify and sustain three competing narratives of a single central Philadelphia neighborhood in flux: the traditionally queer “Gayborhood” that developed shortly after World War II, the officially designated “Washington Square West,” and the realtor-coined, recently gentrifying “Midtown Village.” I argue that the naming and describing of these spaces, and how their associated discourses are reflected by their contents, continues to play a role in the ongoing struggle for queer acceptance. Combining observational data of multimodal public texts (storefronts, flyers, street signs, etc.) and critical discourse analysis within the linguistic/semiotic landscapes paradigm, I present a critique of the presumed inevitability of queer erasure here. This is supplemented with a comparison of grassroots, bottom-up, and official, top-down documents in various media (maps, brochures, websites, social media, etc.) that perpetuate the different discourses. Ultimately, a change in urban scenery and how a neighborhood is envisioned only masks the fact that spaces of queer expression, marked by their eroding distinctiveness rather than their deviance, are still needed.
The Effects of Stock-Based Incentives on Inventory Management

Classic inventory theories typically focus on the operational trade-offs to optimize inventory decisions. However, managers of public firms who obtain stock-based incentives may alter inventory ope...
Callinng This Place Home: Women on the Wisconsin Frontier, 1850-1925

Review of: "Calling This Place Home: Women on the Wisconsin Frontier, 1850–1925," by Joan M. Jensen.
Antibodies to epithelium in benign prostatic hypertrophy and carcinoma of prostate

Abstract Circulating antibodies reactive with epithelial tissue components have been identified by immunofluorescence in the serum of patients with benign and malignant disease of the prostate. Such antibody activity is of particular interest in view of studies suggesting that cutaneous reactions to an internal malignant condition may antedate the actual identification of a malignant neoplasm possibly leading to earlier diagnosis and therapy.
AMR for low Mach number reacting flow

We present a summary of recent progress on the development and application of adaptive mesh refinement algorithms for low Mach number reacting flows. Our approach uses a form of the low Mach number equations based on a general equation of state that discretely conserves both mass and energy. The discretization methodology is based on a robust projection formulation that accommodates large density contrasts. The algorithm supports modeling of multicomponent systems and incorporates an operator-split treatment of stiff reaction terms. The basic computational approach is embedded in an adaptive projection framework that uses structured hierarchical grids with subcycling in time that preserves the discrete conservation properties of the underlying single-grid algorithm. We present numerical examples illustrating the application of the methodology to turbulent premixed combustion and nuclear flames in type Ia supernovae.
The Mechanical Behavior in Tension and Fracture Characteristics of Stainless Steel Thin Rolled Foils.

Tensile specimens in the thickness range 3.76 μ to 1.02 mm, prepared from thin rolled type 304 stainless steel foils, and recrystallized to a lateral grain size ∼ 15-30 μ, were strained to fracture in an Instron testing machine at an elongation rate of 8.33 x 10-4 mm/sec in order to experimentally determine the effect of foil thickness on mechanical behavior in tension. Fracture surfaces of broken samples were subsequently examined by scanning electron microscopy to observe transverse foil necking, and characterize the fracture mode.
Some attempts to influence the menstrual cycle in the monkey

Abstract The ovary and the anterior hypophysis are intimately involved in the control of the menstrual cycle and in the bleeding phenomenon itself. The female sex hormone looms large in the picture, but its exact role is not known. The anterior hypophysis is probably necessary for the theelin action in relation to bleeding. Prolan, the concentrate of pregnancy urine; may cause a slight bleeding, like intermenstrual bleeding, from a grossly intact endometrium. But this prolan action is nonspecific, like liver extract for example, which also brings about bleeding. Prolan, in the form of follutein Squibb, potent for stimulation of the ovaries of rats, as is well known, and even more so of the ovaries of the opossum, as I have recently found, is hardly at all gonotropic in the monkey. The course of the menstrual rhythm is, therefore, not influenced by follutein injections. Neither is it influenced by female sex hormone (amniotin Squibb), very potent in the causation of bleeding in castrates and young female monkeys. Large, though not excessive doses of amniotin are incapable of breaking in on the menstrual cycle, once this gets going. Of interest to the clinician are two facts that appear from the preceding: (1) Reasonable doses of the biologic reagents here employed, while they cause more or less bleeding, bring about no grossly recognizable growth of the ovaries or uterus. The value to the female organism of this slight or even profuse single bleeding would seem to be most questionable; (2) but even these small doses apparently effect a slight injury, if one is so to interpret the slowing up of the cycle following the experimental injections.
Political Opportunities and Political Participation in Mexico

Research into the causes of political participation have emphasized the primary role of individual attitudes and resource constraints in explaining who participates in politics and how. By emphasizing the importance of individual-level factors, such theories have often ignored the powerful role the state plays in shaping, encouraging, and suppressing certain kinds of acts or certain groups in society. This paper argues that the distribution of political opportunities, namely how public spending policies are targeted, the competitiveness of elections, and the state’s ability to ensure the rule of law, provide an empirically and theoretically richer explanation for who participates and how than standard socioeconomic and mobilizational models. I test this proposition using data from the 2003 Mexico wave of the CSES survey. The results show that after controlling for institutional factors, neither education nor income have any influence on overall levels of political involvement, whereas political variables such as spending on poverty alleviation, government responsiveness, and which party governs at the state level have powerful participatory effects. These results suggest a need to rethink standard theories of political participation in ways that appreciate the significance of state activities for political participation.
Reduplication: Doubling in Morphology

1. Introduction 2. Evidence for morphological doubling 3. Morphologically conditioned phonology in reduplication: the daughters 4. Morphologically conditioned phonology in reduplication: the mother node 5. Morphologically-driven opacity in reduplication 6. Case-studies 7. Final issues.
Bicultural Socialization: Factors Affecting the Minority Experience

OVER THE past decade, there has Diane de Anda To remedy this, Valentine formu been a marke growth in both late a bicultural model. He p stu the proportion and diversity of ethnic lated a dual socialization process for minorities within the United States. minority groups, consisting primarily The nonwhite percentage of the total of enculturation experiences within population increased from 17.0 perMinoritll individuals must their own cultural group, along with cent in 1970 to 23.3 percent in 1980.1 ionrri tnfunrtinn in tinn pnni less comprehensive but significant With the nation becoming increasingly j , . . exposure to socialization agents and culturally pluralist, particularly in the ronmentS: their own culture forces within the majority culture larger urban centers, it is important to and that of the mainstream in other words, cross-cultural social examine the complex factors affecting society. This article discusses ization. Thus, in addition to socializa the interface between the white mafactors that help to deteruon int0 their own culture, Valentine S?LS„ST?^CUttUrea"de,hmine which groups and which The "discovery" during the 1960s individuals will be most sue of substantial populations of ethnic cessful in this process of biculmembers of all subgroups are minorities that had remained difierentural socialization. thoroughly enculturated in domi nated from the mainstream culture, nant culture patterns by main in many cases over a number of genstream institutions, including most erations, signaled the death knell for °f the content of the mass media, the "melting pot" theory, the tradimost products and advertising for tional American belief in the process ,, , , mass marketing, the entire expe of cultural homogenization. To fill the cized the data base from which the nence of public schooling, con _r,. , model was drawn, the use of mains tant exposure to national fash conceptual void, conflicting models evaluative ions, holidays, and heroes." were proposed to explain the contin; _ jlu ' J ued existence of thes? diverse cultural <fterla' tde underlying assump grouDS desDite the socialization forces tions of the structural inferiority of k tn*. ,• tu tvvrv wf minority cultures.3 This led to the In this way, the individual from an exerted by the institutions oi the ,. r , , ... ,, ... . _ . , . , mainstream culture discrediting of the cultural deficit ethnic minority group was instructed J " 1X1,1 ' model and the ascendence of the culin the values, perceptions, and norm tural difference model. ative behaviors of two cultural
Validation Study of KPICS SpermFinder™ by NicheVision Forensics, LLC for the Identification of Human Spermatozoa*

Microscopic analysis for the identification of spermatozoa is commonly performed during the forensic examination of sexual assault evidence. Two widely utilized methods for the confirmation of the presence of spermatozoa are visualization of the cells via phase-contrast microscopy with wet mounted samples and bright field microscopy with histologically stained samples. The KPICS SpermFinder™ by NicheVision Forensics, LLC accelerates this time-consuming process via an automated microscope with an algorithm designed to locate spermatozoa on a Christmas tree histologically stained microscope slide. Upon a qualified scientist's review of the generated data, the KPICS SpermFinder™ was able to locate spermatozoa, typically finding on average 106.28% ± 115.37% more spermatozoa than with manual examinations. The KPICS SpermFinder™ provided the location of identified cells with reproducible results.
Homologous heterotopic porcine liver transplantation

Abstract This study is a preliminary report on a new technique of heterotopic liver transplantation. The pig which may develop a less severe rejection reaction against the liver was used as the experimental animal. The key to the successful long-term survival of an auxiliary liver has been the gradual but complete diversion of the portal venous inflow from the recipient's liver to the homografted organ. This was accomplished by placing an ameroid constrictor in the appropriate position on the host's portal vein. In combination with ligation of the host's common duct, this method has led to survival and significant growth of the heterotopic liver homotransplantation even in the absence of immunosuppression.
How Theories of Financial Intermediation and Corporate Risk‐Management Influence Bank Risk‐Taking Behavior

This paper examines the rationales for risk-taking and risk-management behavior from both a corporate finance and a banking perspective. After combining the theoretical insights from the corporate finance and banking literatures related to hedging and risk-taking, the paper reviews empirical tests based on these theories to determine which of these theories are best supported by the data. Managerial incentives are the most consistently supported rationale for describing how banks manage risk. In particular, moderate/high levels of equity ownership reduce bank risk while positive amounts of stock option grants increase bank risk-taking behavior. The review of empirical tests in the banking literature also suggests that financial intermediaries coordinate different aspects of risk (e.g., credit and interest rate risk) in order to maintain a certain level of total risk. The empirical results indicate hedgeable risks such as interest rate risk represent only one dimension of the risk-management problem. This implies empirical tests of the theories of corporate risk-management need to consider individual sub-components of total risk and the bank’s ability to trade these risks in a competitive financial market. This finding is consistent with the reality that banks have non-zero expected financial distress costs and bank managers cannot fully diversify their bank-related personal investments.
Heparan sulfate fibroblast growth factor receptor complex: Structure‐function relationships

Splice variations in genes coding for the transmembrane FGF receptor (FGFR) result in isoforms that vary in the ectodomain, intracellular juxtamembrane domain, and the intracellular kinase domain. An analysis of biochemical functions of distinct recombinant isoforms expressed in baculoviral-infected insect cells allowed generation of models for function of splice variants in both the ecto- and intracellular domains. A structural model for the ectodomain of the FGFR is proposed as follows. Alternately-spliced immunoglobulin-like disulfide Loop I, which is not required for ligand-binding, is sufficiently interactive with the base FGF binding site formed by Loops II and III to modify ligand affinity and affect interaction of the receptor with heparan sulfate cofactor. The NH2-terminal domain of Loop II, which is highly conserved across all isoforms, exhibits a 19-residue heparin-binding domain which is obligatory for FGF binding. Heparin protects a 30-kDa ligand-binding fragment from proteolysis that is composed of Loop II, the inter-Loop II/III sequence, and the NH2-terminus of Loop III. This suggests that the high-affinity FGF receptor complex is an intimate ternary complex of transmembrane tyrosine kinase, heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, and FGF, each of which have interactive binding domains for the other and may contribute to specificity of the FGFR complex. Although Ig Loop II, the inter-Loop II/III sequence, and the NH2-terminus of Loop III with heparan sulfate form the base FGF binding site, mutually exclusive alternate splicing of two exons coding for the COOH-terminal half of Loop III determines which specific members of the FGF ligand family bind with high affinity to the base site. A kinase- and tyrosine phosphorylation site-defective splice variant, FGFR type 2, acts as a dominant-negative suppressor of phosphorylation of specifically tyr-653 in the catalytic domain of the kinase, with less effect on phosphorylation of tyr-766 in the COOH-terminal tail. We propose that phosphorylation of tyr-766, which is required for interaction of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) with the receptor, may occur by a cis-intramolecular mechanism within FGFR monomers, while phosphorylation of tyr-653, which is required for phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1, may occur by a trans-intermolecular mechanism between monomers within kinase homodimers. From the combined results, we propose a model whereby increasing concentrations of FGF may control FGF-mediated signal transduction by heterodimerization of different FGFR monomers. Different monomers arise by regulated combinatorial alternate splicing that alters both the extracellular and intracellular domains.