cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Antibody to the Group-Specific Polysaccharide of Group B Streptococcus

IgG antibody to purified group polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus was detected with a specific, reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera of 178 human subjects: 106 parturient patients, 67 of their healthy infants, and 5 adults with invasive infection. Antibody concentrations in 44 parturient carriers of group B streptococci were significantly greater than in 44 noncarriers (geometric mean level, 3.5 and 1.2 micrograms/ml, respectively). Cord serum levels agreed closely with maternal serum levels. The sera of 18 mothers of infants with early-onset streptococcal infection contained levels (geometric mean level, 5.5 micrograms/ml) similar to those of carriers and significantly higher than noncarriers. Of five adults with invasive group B streptococcal infection, three demonstrated significant increases in antibody titer in consecutive sera, and four had antibody concentrations greater than most (93%) noncarriers. These findings suggest that group B polysaccharide is immunogenic in humans and that levels of specific IgG antibody increase with colonization or infection of adults with group B streptococci.
TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS OF CONVECTION AND SOLUTE SEGREGATION OF GAAS GROWTH IN GRADIENT FREEZE FURNACE

Abstract Transient numerical simulations are reported for the growth of selenium-doped gallium arsenide in a prototype of the vertical gradient freeze system built by GTE Laboratories. The simulation show tha the combined effects heat release and the small axial termperature gradient indicative of gradient freeze systems lead to a continuosly varying growth rate and large deflections of the melt/crystal interface. Intense laminar convection in the melt is driven by the resulting radial temperature gradients and causes vigorously mixing of the dopant everywhere except near the interface at the center of the ampoule. This spatial nonuniformity in the flow leads to a large radial segregation. Axial segregation of the dopant resembles the prediction of the stagnant film model, but cannot be quantitatively correlated with this expression.
Brachytherapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

Purpose To examine the role of brachytherapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinomas in a relatively large group of patients. Methods and Materials Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, a total of 193 patients with cholangiocarcinoma treated with brachytherapy were identified for the period 1988–2003. The primary analysis compared patients treated with brachytherapy (with or without external-beam radiation) with those who did not receive radiation. To try to account for confounding variables, propensity score and sensitivity analyses were used. Results There was a significant difference between patients who received radiation (n = 193) and those who did not (n = 6859) with regard to surgery (p Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest dataset reported for the treatment of cholangiocarcinomas with brachytherapy. The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that brachytherapy may improve overall survival. However, because of the limitations of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, these results should be interpreted cautiously, and future prospective studies are needed.
Portraits of self-organization in fish schools interacting with robots

Abstract In this paper, we propose an enabling computational and theoretical framework for the analysis of experimental instances of collective behavior in response to external stimuli. In particular, this work addresses the characterization of aggregation and interaction phenomena in robot–animal groups through the exemplary analysis of fish schooling in the vicinity of a biomimetic robot. We adapt global observables from statistical mechanics to capture the main features of the shoal collective motion and its response to the robot from experimental observations. We investigate the shoal behavior by using a diffusion mapping analysis performed on these global observables that also informs the definition of relevant portraits of self-organization.
Reevaluation of the role of nuclear uncertainties in experiments on atomic parity violation with isotopic chains

In light of new data on neutron distributions from experiments with antiprotonic atoms [Trzcinska et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082501 (2001)], we reexamine the role of nuclear-structure uncertainties in the interpretation of measurements of parity violation in atoms using chains of isotopes of the same element. With these new nuclear data, we find an improvement in the sensitivity of isotopic chain measurements to ``new physics'' beyond the standard model. We compare possible constraints on ``new physics'' with the most accurate to date single-isotope probe of parity violation in the Cs atom. We conclude that presently isotopic chain experiments employing atoms with nuclear charges $Z\ensuremath{\lesssim}50$ may result in more accurate tests of the weak interaction.
The respiratory effects of cobalt

We studied seven subjects with certain manifestations of cobalt-induced lung disease. All worked with cobalt and were involved in either the production or use of hard metal. The mode of presentation varied from an acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis that cleared completely when exposure ceased to progressive severe interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. In one subject reexposure was followed by a recurrence of the symptoms. All subjects showed restrictive ventilatory impairment and a reduction of their diffusing capacity. The radiologic appearances varied greatly. While two subjects had clear roentgenograms with small lung volumes, others had a micronodular pattern or small blotchy nodular infiltrates, and one had diffuse reticulonodulation as is seen in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. The pathologic appearances varied between desquamative interstitial pneumonia and overt mural fibrosis of the alveoli. Six of the seven patients had multinucleated giant cells in their biopsy specimens or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Analysis of the influence of social structure on a measles epidemic

This paper studies a 1989 measles epidemic on the Texas Tech campus. The infection is modeled in a population with a social contact structure. In the model, students are assigned to classes, dormitory complexes, dormitory rooms, and social groups in the dining halls. A single infected individual is introduced, and the resulting infection path is described as a random graph.
Multinationality and profitability: the contingency of the investment opportunity set

Investigates whether the investment opportunities available to US multinationals affect their profitability relationships. Samples 100 firms from 1987 to 1992, and classifies them by high or low multinationality and high or low growth. Correlates three measures of multinationality, and of the opportunity set for each quartile, and compares the rate of return on assets by multinationality and by growth. Presents the interaction effects of means, finding that high multinationality firms have higher rates of return on assets, and so do high growth firms. Links profitability, multinationality and the investment opportunity set.
Attributing health effects to apportioned components and sources of particulate matter: An evaluation of collective results

Abstract It has been hypothesized that the composition of particulate matter (PM) may be a better predictor of health effects than PM mass alone. The regional differences in PM composition and the heterogeneity in PM risk estimates in large multi-city epidemiologic studies are consistent with this hypothesis. Since 2005, efforts have been made to relate apportioned components and sources of PM with human health outcomes in epidemiology, controlled human exposure and toxicology studies. We reviewed published studies that: 1) focused on short-term exposure to PM; 2) included at least five components of PM; 3) grouped them into factors or sources; and 4) used quantitative methods to examine the relationship between the factors or sources and health effects. We then examined whether specific groups of PM components or sources of PM are consistently linked to specific health effects across studies. Collectively, these studies suggest that cardiovascular effects may be associated with PM2.5 from crustal or combustion sources, including traffic, but at this time, no consistent relationships have emerged. Fewer studies evaluated respiratory health effects, and the evidence for associations was limited. Apportionment methods have linked a variety of health effects to multiple groups of PM components and sources of PM, but the collective evidence has not yet isolated factors or sources that would be closely and unequivocally related to specific health outcomes.
1255 LIPID INFUSION ENHANCES GLUCONEOGENESIS FROM AMINO ACIDS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

Glucose production in premature neonates depends upon available gluconeogenic substrates and intact enzymatic and hormonal systems. To determine whether lipid alone or in concert with amino acids alters glucoregulation, we determined the glycemic response from intravenous lipid in 8 premature infants (BW 1226 ± 100 g, GA 28.6±1.4 wks). At 4±2 days of age, we administered either Intralipid (L) alone (.25 g/kg over 20 min followed by .5 gm/kg/hr × 100 min) or an identical Intralipid dose plus amino acids (Aminosyn, .5 gm/kg over 4 hrs) (LA). All infants received concurrent glucose at 5-6 mg/kg/min throughout the study. Free fatty acid concentrations increased within 10 min of infusion and peak values were equivalent in L and LA infants (4345 vs 3100 μ Eq/L). LA infants demonstrated a brisk glycemic response compared to L infants (23±3 vs 7±2% increase at 10 min). In addition, LA infusion resulted in a far greater increase at 150 min compared to L (65±11 vs 30±7%). Preliminary data in infants receiving A alone suggest a limited glycemic response relative to L and LA infants. Insulin responded appropriately in L and LA infants increasing from 10 to 75 μU/ml in response to increasing glucose, while glucagon demonstrated no consistent pattern in either group. L infusion results in a mild glycemic response in premature infants, while LA administration more promptly increases glucose. These data suggest that lipids enhance gluconeogenesis from amino acids in premature infants.
Contributions of External Forcings to Southern Annular Mode Trends

Abstract An observed trend in the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) during recent decades has involved an intensification of the polar vortex. The source of this trend is a matter of scientific debate with stratospheric ozone losses, greenhouse gas increases, and natural variability all being possible contenders. Because it is difficult to separate the contribution of various external forcings to the observed trend, a state-of-the-art global coupled model is utilized here. Ensembles of twentieth-century simulations forced with the observed time series of greenhouse gases, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, sulfate aerosols, volcanic aerosols, solar variability, and various combinations of these are used to examine the annular mode trends in comparison to observations, in an attempt to isolate the response of the climate system to each individual forcing. It is found that ozone changes are the biggest contributor to the observed summertime intensification of the southern polar vortex in the second ...
Effects of Low Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Gamma Frequency Oscillations and Event-Related Potentials During Processing of Illusory Figures in Autism

Previous studies by our group suggest that the neuropathology of autism is characterized by a disturbance of cortical modularity. In this model a decrease in the peripheral neuropil space of affected minicolumns provides for an inhibitory deficit and a readjustment in their signal to noise bias during information processing. In this study we proposed using low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a way increasing the surround inhibition of minicolumns in autism. Thirteen patients (ADOS and ADI-R diagnized) and equal number of controls participated in the study. Repetitive TMS was delivered at 0.5 Hz, 2 times per week for 3 weeks. Outcome measures based on event-related potentials (ERP), induced gamma activity, and behavioral measures showed significant post-TMS improvement. The results suggest that rTMS offers a potential therapeutic intervention for autism.
Use of high-frequency jet ventilation for respiratory immobilization during coronary artery CT angiography

Multidetector ECG-gated CT angiography permits imaging of structures such as the coronary arteries and pulmonary veins with peripheral administration of contrast media. Respiratory motion artifact limits the applicability of this technique in critically ill patients due to an inability to cooperate with prolonged breath holds necessary for quality images. A case in which high-frequency jet ventilation via an uncuffed tracheostomy tube in an unmedicated patient permitted respiratory immobilization sufficient to acquire diagnostic images, is presented.
Where does the rho go? Chirally symmetric vector mesons in the quark-gluon plasma.

If the phase transition of QCD at nonzero temperature is dominated by the (approximate) restoration of chiral symmetry, then the transition might be characterized using a gauged linear \ensuremath{\sigma} model. Assuming that vector meson dominance holds, such \ensuremath{\sigma} models predict that at the temperature of chiral restoration, the pole mass of the thermal \ensuremath{\rho} meson is greater than that at zero temperature; in the chiral limit and in weak coupling this mass is \ensuremath{\sim}962 MeV. The width of the thermal \ensuremath{\rho}-${\mathit{a}}_{1}$ peak is estimated to be about 200--250 MeV.
Al18F-NODA-butyric acid: biological evaluation of a new PET renal radiotracer.

Introduction Renal scintigraphy is an important imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of a variety of renal diseases including obstruction and renovascular hypertension as well as the evaluation of absolute and relative kidney function. The goal of this work was to evaluate Al18F-NODA-butyric acid (Al18F-1) as a potential PET tracer to image the kidneys and monitor renal function by comparing its pharmacokinetic properties with those of 131I-o-iodohippurate (131I-OIH), the radioactive standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow.
On the scalability and carrier transport of advanced CMOS devices

Conventional scaling is no longer effective to continue device performance trend because of technological difficulties in the scaling of key device parameters. In this paper, the authors discussed device scaling options beyond convention device structures. Recent progress in advanced gate stack, ultrathin body silicon on insulator (UTSOI) MOSFET and FinFET structures for improved electrostatic were discussed. Various mobility enhancement techniques were also discussed including strained silicon hybrid orientation technology, and Ge FET.
Are Respondents More Likely to List Alters with Certain Characteristics? Implications for Name Generator Data *

Abstract Analyses of egocentric networks make the implicit assumption that the list of alters elicited by name generators is a complete list or representative sample of relevant alters. Based on the literature on free recall tasks and the organization of people in memory, I hypothesize that respondents presented with a name generator are more likely to name alters with whom they share stronger ties, alters who are more connected within the network, and alters with whom they interact in more settings. I conduct a survey that presents respondents with the GSS name generator and then prompts them to remember other relevant alters whom they have not yet listed. By comparing the alters elicited before and after prompts I find support for the first two hypotheses. I then go on to compare network-level measures calculated with the alters elicited by the name generator to the same measures calculated with data from all alters. These measures are not well correlated. Furthermore, the degree of underestimation of network size is related to the networks’ mean closeness, density, and mean duration of relationships. Higher values on these variables result in more accurate estimation of network size. This suggests that measures of egocentric network properties based on data collected using a single name generator may have high levels of measurement error, possibly resulting in misestimation of how these network properties relate to other variables.
Infants generalize representations of statistically segmented words.

The acoustic variation in language presents learners with a substantial challenge. To learn by tracking statistical regularities in speech, infants must recognize words across tokens that differ based on characteristics such as the speaker’s voice, affect, or the sentence context. Previous statistical learning studies have not investigated how these types of surface form variation affect learning. The present experiments used tasks tailored to two distinct developmental levels to investigate the robustness of statistical learning to variation. Experiment 1 examined statistical word segmentation in 11-month-olds and found that infants can recognize statistically segmented words across a change in the speaker’s voice from segmentation to testing. The direction of infants’ preferences suggests that recognizing words across a voice change is more difficult than recognizing them in a consistent voice. Experiment 2 tested whether 17-month-olds can generalize the output of statistical learning across variation to support word learning. The infants were successful in their generalization; they associated referents with statistically defined words despite a change in voice from segmentation to label learning. Infants’ learning patterns also indicate that they formed representations of across-word syllable sequences during segmentation. Thus, low probability sequences can act as object labels in some conditions. The findings of these experiments suggest that the units that emerge during statistical learning are not perceptually constrained, but rather are robust to naturalistic acoustic variation.
Endogenous hormone concentrations and bud-break response to exogenous benzyl adenine in shoots of apple trees with two growth habits grown on three rootstocks

SummaryScions from two siblings of a ‘Goldspur Delicious’ × ‘Redspur Delicious’ cross were budded to three rootstocks with different levels of vigour [M.9, M.7, and Malus domestica ‘Antanovka’ seedling] and planted in the field in 1997. The scions had two contrasting growth habits: one with narrow crotch angles, numerous short branches and an upright narrow (UN) canopy; and the other with wide crotch angles, few short branches, and a spreading round (SR) canopy. Shoot tips were collected at the time of bud-break in April 2004 and analysed for auxin (AUX), cytokinins (CK), and abscisic acid (ABA) to determine relationships between scion growth habit, size-controlling rootstock, and shoot tip hormone concentrations. Although not statistically different, the UN growth habit had numerically higher AUX, lower ABA, and equivalent CK levels as the SR growth habit. These differences resulted in statistically higher AUX:CK ratios (ACR). It is possible that the higher ACR contributed to the UN growth habit, which h...
On mapping multidimensional weak tori on optical slab waveguides

Optics is acknowledged as the most viable means to meet the bandwidth needs of future interconnects. While the optical medium can easily deliver huge bandwidths, this bandwidth is difficult to harness; this is because of engineering and technological constraints associated with accommodating a large number of high-speed lasers and photodetectors within a small confine. We consider the problem of mapping weak multidimensional tori on optical slab waveguides. Our approach uses the fact that not all edges of a weak topology are used simultaneously; it uses this fact to employ a single laser/detector to work in multiple capacities at different times. We introduce the notion of aggregates to capture the cost of mapping a topology by our approach. We derive a non-trivial lower bound on this cost for a class of mappings and construct mappings, all of which surpass a naive method and some of which match the lower bound.
Post-frontal combustion heat modeling in DEVS-FIRE for coupled atmosphere-fire simulation

Modeling the heat released from a burning wildfire is essential to support coupled atmosphere-fire simulation. This paper presents post-frontal combustion heat modeling in the wildfire spread model of DEVS-FIRE. The developed heat model integrates features from both the BURNUP model and the heat model of WRF-Fire to compute the heat flux of wildfire. To model fuel consumption, it uses the BURNUP model to calculate the burning time and employs an exponentially decreasing fuel mass loss curve to derive the fuel consumption rate. Experiment results are presented and compared with those from the heat model of WRF-Fire. Using the developed heat model, a coupled atmosphere-fire simulation based on DEVS-FIRE and the ARPS atmospheric model is run to demonstrate the impact of the mutual interaction between wildfire and weather on wildfire spread.
Dramatic Effects of Scalable SNN-Assisted Melt Dispersion on Thermal Conductivity and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Nanocomposites

It is demonstrated that SNN‐assisted melt dispersion can lead to a significant improvement of the thermal conductivity of PC/MWCNT composites accompanied by a dramatic reduction in their linear CTE. The thermal conductivity of the SNN‐containing composites after the 2‐step process was about 95% higher than that of neat PC and 25% higher than that from 1‐step processing at same loading. The CTE below the glass‐transition temperature of composites with a 1.0 wt.‐% MWCNT loading is substantially reduced compared to the neat polymer. A reduction in the CTE of up to 60.8% is observed for composites from the 2‐step process. Simultaneous achievement of high thermal conductivity and low CTE is required for electronic packaging in microelectronics for device protection.
Methodological issues in emerging technologies research: experiences and recommendations

The study of emerging technologies is one of the newest areas of IS research. Methods and strategies commonly used in other IS research are also used in studying implementations of emerging technologies. The current proliferation of effectiveness measures points to a set of methodological problems found often in emerging technologies research: lack of underlying theory, inadequate research designs, low measurement validities and confounding due to context diversity. A series of field studies were conducted in 1989-90 as the first wave of a long-term stream of research. The design of the studies, their findings, and their problems are discussed in the context of a 'post-mortem' analysis. The analysis reveals that the field studies illustrate problems of inadequate research design. A new program of linked multiple case studies that pays more careful attention to design issues is introduced. Recommendations are made regarding the specific issues of background research, case selection, development of the study, and finishing the work. >
Land use planning and surface heat island formation: A parcel-based radiation flux approach

Abstract This article presents a study of residential parcel design and surface heat island formation in a major metropolitan region of the southeastern United States. Through the integration of high-resolution multispectral data (10 m) with property tax records for over 100,000 single-family residential parcels in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region, the influence of the size and material composition of residential land use on an indicator of surface heat island formation is reported. In contrast to previous work on the urban heat island, this study derives a parcel-based indicator of surface warming to permit the impact of land use planning regulations governing the density and design of development on the excess surface flux of heat energy to be measured. The results of this study suggest that the contribution of individual land parcels to regional surface heat island formation could be reduced by approximately 40% through the adoption of specific land use planning policies, such as zoning and subdivision regulations, and with no modifications to the size or albedo of the residential structure.
The circumplex model: Methods and research applications.

Circumplex models assume that the content and structure of a particular domain (e.g., personality, affect, vocational interests) can be meaningfully described in terms of a circular array of variables. With the growing popularity of such models in psychology comes the need to apply appropriate research methodologies and data-analytic strategies, as well as to further develop relevant research applications. The purpose of this chapter then is to review these methods and their associated applications. The chapter is organized with reference to basic empirical questions likely to underlie investigators' applications of the model and its related methods. Thus, after the circumplex is defined and examples from contemporary psychological literature are described, the chapter is divided into sections addressing the following questions: (a) How do I evaluate circular representations in my domain of interest? (b) How do I use the circumplex to describe individuals? (c) How do I use the circumplex to describe and compare groups? (d) How do I use the circumplex to evaluate constructs and their measures.? We conclude the chapter with a brief discussion of future directions in the development and application of circumplex methodology. Keywords: affect/emotion the circumplex model: methods and research applications; circumplex methods; circumplex models; interpersonal; structure; vocational interests
Repeated cocaine treatments induce distinct locomotor effects in Crayfish

A repeated injection of cocaine regime is known to induce complex locomotion alterations in both vertebrate and invertebrate models of drug addiction. However, the specific effect of cocaine on behaviorally distinct locomotion and non locomotion parameters is not well known. The present experiments determined whether cocaine has distinct effect on multifarious locomotor activity of crayfish (Orconectes rusticus). Following repeated injections of 2.5 μg/g or 10.0 μg/g dose of cocaine for three days, videotaped recordings of locomotion were analyzed to determine whether repeated injections of cocaine produced distinct effect on multifarious locomotor activity of crayfish. Cocaine decreased immobility in day 1 when compared with saline. Thereafter, cocaine increased immobility in days 2 and 3. Repeated injections of cocaine increased distance traveled, average speed, mobility and decreased lingering episodes. These findings indicate that cocaine has distinct action on movement and non-movement behavioral activities, suggesting that locomotion as a unitary phenomenon comprised of assemblage of multifarious components, which can be manipulated and separated by cocaine in crayfish.
miRNAs as Modulators of Angiogenesis

MicroRNAs are highly expressed in endothelial cells, and recent data suggest that they regulate aspects of vascular development and angiogenesis. This study highlights the state of the art in this field and potential therapeutic opportunities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of conserved short (� 22 nt) noncoding single-stranded RNAs that have been identified in plants and animals. They are generated by the sequential processing of the RNA template by the enzymes Drosha and Dicer, and mature miRNAs can regulate the levels of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miRNAs participate in a diverse range of regulatoryevents via regulation of genes involved in the control of processes such as development, differentiation, homeostasis, metabolism, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, rather than functioning as regulatory on‐off switches, miRNAs often function to modulate or fine-tune cellular phenotypes. So far, more than 1000 mammalian miRNAs have been identified since the discovery of the first two miRNAs (lin-4 and let-7), and bioinformatics predictions indicate that mammalian miRNAs can regulate 30% of all protein-coding genes.
Somatosensory Comparison during Haptic Tracing

Active sensing involves memory retrieval and updating as well as mechanisms that trigger corrections to the ongoing exploratory movement. The present study examined this process in a task where human subjects moved the index fingertip clockwise around the circumference of a virtual sphere created by a robotic device. The fingertip pressed into the sphere during the movement, and the subjects were to report slight differences in sphere size (or surface curvature), which occurred from trial to trial. During each 2- to 3-s trial, subjects gradually adjusted their speed and pressure according to the current surface curvature, achieving a consistent level of contact force in the last half of the exploration. The results demonstrate that subjects were gradually accumulating haptic information about curvature and, at the same time, gradually changing the motor commands for the movement. When subjects encountered an unexpected transition in curvature (from circular to flat), they reacted by abruptly decreasing contact force at a latency of about 50 ms. This short latency indicates that spinally mediated corrections are engaged during this task. The results support the hypothesis that during haptic exploration, the neural comparison between expected and actual somatosensory feedback takes places at multiple levels, including the spinal cord.
Equivalent Representations of Non-Exponential Discounting Models

Abstract I characterize the entire class of consumption rules for finite-horizon models in which consumption is proportional to lifetime wealth. Any such rule can be obtained from a preference model with CRRA period utility. In a steady state with constant interest rates, a proportional consumption rule can be derived from a model with time-consistent preferences or from a model with possibly time-inconsistent preferences in which a household continually reoptimizes future utility discounted relative to the present instant. These two preference models will only coincide for the special case when the discount function is exponential. More generally, there will be two distinct yet observationally equivalent preference models. Hyperbolic-like discounting may arise because that is a simpler way for the brain to process a standard exponential discount function after accounting for mortality risk.
Optical frequency combs from mode-locked diode lasers - applications in communications, signal processing & radar for avionics

Optical frequency combs from mode-locked lasers are developed and used for realizing unique functionality for applications in ultra-wide bandwidth communication and signal processing.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE MAJOR GLYCOPROTEIN OF THE TA3-HA ASCITES TUMOR CELL

The carbohydrate chains of epiglycanin, a glycoprotein implicated in masking antigens at the surface of the allotransplantable TA3-Ha murine mammary carcinoma ascites cell, numbered more than 500 per molecule of 500,000 molecular weight. These were cleaved by alkali in the presence of sodium borohydride and fractionated by gel filtration. Based upon chemical and immunochemical investigations of the glycoprotein, such as periodate oxidation, alkaline borohydride reduction, and inhibition of hemagglutination induced by lectins, and upon studies with the purified reduced oligosaccharide chains, the structures of 5 distinct carbohydrate chains in epiglycanin were proposed. All possessed N-acetylgalactosamine. The linkages, α-NeuNAc-(2→3)-Gal and β-Gal-(1→3)-GalNAc, were proposed.
The Monthly Report

Anne Grey has been hired as a consultant to help CEO Jeff Henning of Commuter Vans Company evaluate internal communication. Beginning with Henning's monthly report, Grey asks several questions: What purposes is this report trying to serve? Which are the most important messages? What do the different audiences who receive this communication need from it? How representative is this monthly report compared with others? What alternatives does Henning have for communicating some of the information and data in the current monthly report?
Birth control vaccines and immunological approaches to the therapy of noninfectious diseases.

By deliberately upsetting the bodys recognition of self and inducing an immune response against specific self antigens birth control vaccines and disease therapies may be possible. The vaccine must be highly specific the antigen must be present in small amounts or at limited times and the benefit-to-risk ratio must be thoroughly evaluated. Target antigens being considered for birth control vaccines include sperm antigens or enzymes zona pellucida of the ova and the pituitary hormone hCG. Anti-sperm immunity has been observed naturally occurring and induced experimentally. Anti-ovum vaccines have the drawback of possibly reacting with ovarian tissue. The gonadotropin hormone receiving the most attention is hCG or specifically its carboxy-terminal subunit. The rest of the peptide is too similar to hLH. Anti-hCG could act by preventing the luteotrophic effect of the hormone or by attacking the hCG-producing cells of the blastocyst. Vaccines based on hCG with a tetanus toxoid carrier and a synthetic hCG peptide vaccine have been tested successfully in Phase 1 clinical trials. Other therapies based on immunization against self antigens include anticancer therapy excess growth hormone and the Zollinger- Ellison syndrome of gastric ulcer disease. All of these approaches need to be monitored carefully to ensure that no damage is done to the host from circulating immune complexes.
Survey of Managerial Style

This original instrument measures four things. The first is the overall strength of an individual's desire to be a leader. The other three component factors of leadership are creative vision, garnering commitment to the vision, and managing progress toward the vision. The instrument is self-scored and includes an interpretive exercise.
Corning, Inc.: Zero Coupon Convertible Debentures Due November 8, 2015 (B)

In November 2000, a money manager needs to make a decision regarding an offering of convertible bonds by Corning. The analysis requires her to compare the insights available from standard descriptive ratios with those available from valuation analysis. This case is intended to be a student's first exercise in analyzing convertible bonds and assumes some familiarity with option-pricing theory and bond valuation. In addition, the case highlights the importance of going beyond the convertible-bond calculations. The volatility of Corning stock has increased in the past year, making the call option more valuable, but at the same time, Corning appears to be issuing converts at a time when both its share price and stock-market valuations are at historic highs. Thus, it is imperative that the student have a view on the sustainability of stock-market valuations and the outlook for Corning. See also the B case (UVA-F-1367).
Effects of Mo and Ti Additions on The High Temperature Compressive Properties of Iron Aluminides Near Fe3Al

Hot compression testing has been used to examine the effects of Mo and Ti additions on the yield strength and rate of work hardening for cast alloys near Fe3Al. A few powder processed materials have also been studied. Significant improvements in high temperature compressive properties on alloying have been related to increases in the DO3→B2 transition temperature and the associated changes in the nature of the dislocations involved in the deformation processes.
Influence of riboflavin antagonists on azo dye hepatoma induction in the rat.

SummaryThe addition of a small amount of riboflavin to an otherwise adequate diet, but a diet containing the hepatic carcinogen 3'-methyl- 4 - dimethylaminoazobenzene, strongly inhibits the carcinogenicity of the dye when fed to rats for 18 weeks. Most of the rats (80%) did not develop hepatomas. When the riboflavin antagonist 7,8-diethyl-flavin was also added to the above basic diet, all of the animals developed tumors (80%) or precancerous lesions (20%). When 7-chloro-8-methyl-flavin was added to the above basic diet, which of its two properties, the vitamin-like or the riboflavin antagonist properties, predominated depended on the quantity administered, but the flavin did not protect the livers from gross abnormalities. When the flavin 7,8-diethyl-aminol-flavin was added to the above basic diet, none of the animals developed hepatomas, suggesting that this flavin possesses strong vitamin-like properties or that it is capable of protecting the liver against the effects of the carcinogen.
Speculations on the Role of Marine Reptile Deadfalls in Mesozoic Deep-Sea Paleoecology

A survey of the taphonomy of marine reptile fossils indicates that saurian deadfalls, like modern vertebrate carcasses, may have had a marked effect on deep-sea paleoecology. These records suggest the following influences: 1) Marine reptile carcasses were sufficiently large, abundant, and widely distributed to have provided a significant source of energy in the deep-sea. 2) A saurian carcass sustained a series of communities whose composition, structure, and succession were dependent upon bottom conditions, particularly substrate stability and benthic oxygen levels. 3) By forming evolving patches of substrate, food, and topography unavailable elsewhere on the sea bed, reptile deadfalls increased benthic heterogeneity and enhanced deep-sea diversity
Knockdown of Dyslexia-Gene Dcdc2 Interferes with Speech Sound Discrimination in Continuous Streams

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (U.S.) (Grant R01DC010433)
Particle-size distribution of bitolterol mesylate solution delivered by four compressed-air nebulizer devices

The particle-size distribution of bitolterol mesylate solution delivered by four types of compressed-air nebulizers was determined. Before nebulization, bitolterol mesylate solution 0.2% w/v was diluted to 0.0833% w/v with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The following commercially available nebulizers were tested: DeVilbiss Nebulizer Model 645, Hudson 1720 (Updraft) Hand Held Nebulizer, Bard Inspiron 002220 Mini-Neb Nebulizer, and Bunn Mini Mist Set model 0140-041. The particle-size distribution of nebulized solutions was determined with a cascade impactor contained in an in vitro apparatus designed to simulate use by a patient. Assays of bitolterol mesylate in the cascade impactor apparatus were done by high-performance liquid chromatography. Only slight differences were found in the particle-size distributions among the four types of nebulizers; the calculated average particle size ranged from 3.0 to 3.6 micron. All nebulizers tested showed satisfactory, comparable particle-size distributions and performance with bitolterol mesylate solution.
Influence of realimentation of mature cows on maturity, color, collagen solubility, and sensory characteristics

Cull beef cows (n = 80) that had consumed similar grassland diets were assigned to one of four feeding periods (0, 28, 56, and 84 d) and subdivided into two groups fed either a high-energy, high-protein diet or a high-energy, low-protein diet. Treatments were designed to examine the effect of time on feed, dietary protein, and electrical stimulation on carcass traits, composition, shear force, sensory profile, collagen characteristics, and myoglobin state. Within 1 h of slaughter, the right side of each carcass was electrically stimulated, and the left side served as the control. The only trait influenced by protein level was longissimus muscle area, for which a high-protein diet resulted in larger ( P <.05) longissimus muscle areas. Increased time on a high-energy diet increased USDA yield grade and sensory ratings ; however, metmyoglobin and reduced myoglobin values decreased between 0 and 28 d on feed. Electrical stimulation improved lean color, shear force values, and sensory attributes. Electrical stimulation decreased shear force by 2.8 kg for 0-d carcasses. With subsequent days on feed, shear force values continued to decrease, but this effect was minimal in electrically stimulated carcasses. However, protein level did not significantly influence palatability and quality attributes. The greatest ( P <.05) improvement in marbling score was observed in electrically stimulated carcasses from cows fed for 84 d. Additionally, feeding a high-protein diet for 84 d resulted in a slightly lower maturity score. Even though values for palatability and quality traits were improved by antemortem and postmortem treatments, the magnitude of improvement may not be great enough for steaks from mature fed cows to be considered as acceptable as steaks from young fed beef.
Evidence for interface states observed by second-harmonic generation from Au/GaAs junctions

Second-harmonic generation spectroscopy is a promising technique for buried interfaces. It possesses the long penetration depths characteristic of most optical methods, and intrinsic interface sensitivity characteristic of second-order optical processes. Recently it has been used with considerable success to probe solid/solid interfaces.1 Investigations of buried metal-semiconductor interfaces are of great fundamental and practical importance. They have been studied by many other experimental methods over years.2 However, traditional surface, optical, and current-voltage diagnostics have limitations, and there is always a need for complementary methods.
A Close Look at the U.S. Steel Industry: Protective Tariffs and Their Effect on the Economies of East Asia

The U.S. steel industry has a long history of being protected, first when it was an infant industry in 1791 and later as it became a mature industry and needed breathing room to allow it to restructure so that it could compete against more efficient foreign producers. In recent years the steel industry has resorted to antidumping laws to ward off foreign competition. In the first quarter of 2002, President Bush imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on foreign steel producers in many countries, including those in East Asia. This tariff, which was the result of a finding that some foreign steel companies had dumped their steel on the American market, may be the first shot in what might become a trade war. A number of countries have filed protests with the WTO seeking compensation for the tariff and some countries have already taken retaliatory measures. These recent trade actions have a ripple effect throughout the East Asian countries, including Korea, and the world. For example, if the United States market becomes closed to the steel companies in the EU, those steel companies will have to try to sell more steel within the EU at a time when Chinese, Korean and Japanese steel companies will also be trying to penetrate the EU market to make up for lost American sales. This paper will explore some of these issues, with an emphasis on the effects that steel protectionism in the United States will have on their industries and their economies. A different version of this paper was first published in 2002 and was reprinted in 2009. The present version includes a bibliography on trade, including links to more than 100 studies on trade.
Cell matrix adhesions in cancer: The proteins that form the glue.

// Mazvita Maziveyi 1 and Suresh K. Alahari 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA Correspondence to: Suresh K. Alahari, email: salaha@lsuhsc.edu Keywords: integrins, cancer, focal adhesions Received: November 16, 2016 Accepted: March 27, 2017 Published: April 20, 2017 ABSTRACT The main purposes of Integrin-mediated cell contacts are to interpret bi-directional signals between the extracellular environment and intracellular proteins, as well as, anchor the cell to a matrix. Many cell adhesion molecules have been discovered with a wide spectrum of responsibilities, including recruiting, activating, elongating, and maintaining. This review will perlustrate some of the key incidences that precede focal adhesion formation. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key signaling initiation event that leads to the recruitment of multiple proteins to focal adhesion sites. Recruitment and concentration of proteins such as Paxillin and Vinculin to Integrin clutches is necessary for focal adhesion development. The assembled networks are responsible for transmitting signals back and forth from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to Actin and its binding proteins. Cancer cells exhibit highly altered focal adhesion dynamics. This review will highlight some key discoveries in cancer cell adhesion, as well as, identify current gaps in knowledge.
A configuration and contingency analysis of the development chain

The area where product development (PD) and the supply chain (SC) intersect and interact to support new product introductions (NPI), the development chain (DC), is still under-researched territory. Based on a PD/SC interface with multiple sub-process connections, this study uses a configuration approach to classify project-level observations into DC groups with similar patterns of implementation. Further, the relationship between DC groups, contextual factors and NPI performance is investigated. In a sample of 124 NPI projects, four DC groups with distinct configurations are detected that interact with context in terms of industry clock-speed, annual firm revenue, product architecture complexity, agility of the product delivery strategy and newness. The results indicate that deliberate management of the PD/SC interface as a bundle of interrelated sub-process connections and careful alignment with the contextual terrain can benefit NPI performance. Overall, this article contributes to the body of knowledge concerned with NPI through vital insight into current practice at the interface of PD and SC. Further, it is envisaged that the detailed characterizations of the DC configurations and their interaction with context provided in this study serve to guide the purposeful management of the DC, as well as future research in this important area.
Secondary systemic amyloidosis in inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide analysis

Background Secondary systemic amyloidosis (SSA) is a rare but severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, predictors of complications, and in-hospital mortality of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) who develop SSA. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified patients hospitalized for IBD and SSA between 2004 and 2012. Using multivariate logistic regression, patients with CD were compared with those with UC regarding the presence or absence of SSA. IBD patients without SSA were matched in a 2:1 ratio with those with SSA using propensity matching. We analyzed the hospitalization trends of SSA in CD and UC patients using Pearson’s χ2 test. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3. Results Among the 302,548 patients with CD and 174,057 patients with UC hospitalized between 2004 and 2012, we identified 47 (0.02%) and 36 (0.02%) cases of SSA, respectively. We noted rising annual hospitalization trends for both CD and UC patients with or without SSA. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for both the UC+SSA group (16.7% vs. 2.1%, P<0.0001) and the CD+SSA group (6.4% vs. 1.0%, P=0.0001) before propensity matching. However, this difference was not seen for either UC+SSA (17.1% vs. 7.1%, P=0.11) or CD+SSA (6.8% vs. 2.3%, P=0.20) after matching. Conclusions SSA rarely affects IBD patients, but when it does, it is associated with increased rates of infection, severe sepsis, and multi-organ system involvement. Despite this, SSA does not affect in-hospital mortality in IBD patients. Further studies are needed to explore this association. Keywords Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, secondary systemic amyloidosis Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30 (5): 504-511