cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s Disease: Memory Interference and the Role of Exercise

ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that damages memory, behavioral, and cognitive skills. This condition causes brain cells to degenerate and die leading to many cognitive issues. Although the exact cause is unknown, it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Due to its progressive nature, symptoms can vary from mild memory loss to complete lack of ability to respond to one’s surroundings. The memory impairments brought on by this disease can lead to specific problems with memory interference, which may be caused by dysfunction in working and semantic memory. When conducting experiments on Alzheimer’s patients, there is also the added difficulty of the individual having trouble remembering the instructions and needing external cues to complete memory tasks. This chapter outlines the disease, its symptoms, risk factors, how it affects memory, and how exercise may be a prevention and treatment option.
Polaron and Exciton Delocalization in Oligomers of High-Performance Polymer PTB7.

A key characteristic of organic photovoltaic cells is the efficient charge separation in the active layer. Sufficient delocalization of the positive polaron in organic photovoltaics is considered essential for the effective separation of the opposite charges and the suppression of recombination. We use light-induced EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations to determine the electronic structure of the positive polaron in PTB7-type oligomers. Utilizing the superior spectral resolution of high-frequency (130 GHz) D-band EPR, the principal components of the g tensors were determined. Pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy at X-band allowed the measurement of 1H hyperfine coupling constants. A comparison of g tensors and 1H hyperfine coupling constants of the PTB7-type oligomers with the high-performance PTB7 polymer revealed a delocalization of the positive polaron in the polymer over about four monomeric units, corresponding to about 45 A in length. Our current study thus not only determines the polaron delocalization length in PTB7 but also validates the approach combining EPR/ENDOR spectroscopy with DFT-calculated magnetic resonance parameters. This is of importance in those cases where oligomers of defined length are not easily obtained. In addition, the delocalization of the neutral triplet exciton was also determined in the oligomers and compared with polymer PTB7. The analysis revealed that the neutral triplet exciton is substantially more delocalized than the positive polaron, exceeding 10 monomeric units.
Spatiotemporal manipulation of optical fields enabled by metasurfaces (Conference Presentation)

We demonstrate the versatility of dielectric metasurfaces to (i) shape the temporal evolution of ultrafast optical pulses, and (ii) discuss their applications towards creating integrated photonic interfaces with quantum systems.
Lotharingia: a personal history of Europe’s lost country

Simon Winder defines the topic of his book, Lotharingia, as a key element in understanding much of Europe’s wider history. Indeed, if one had to summarize the history of continental Western Europe ...
Low temperature growth of Cu thin films on TiN(001) templates: Structure and energetics

Abstract Synthesis of metal/ceramic interfaces with well-defined structural characteristics is an important step toward understanding the energetics and mechanical response of such interfaces. We used ultra-high-vacuum magnetron sputter deposition to grow elemental Cu thin films onto single crystal TiN(001) thin film templates, grown hetero-epitaxially onto single crystal MgO(001) substrates. Structure of the Cu thin films grown on TiN(001) templates was examined as a function of the growth temperature. At close to room temperature, we observed the previously reported cube-on-cube orientation relationship between Cu and TiN, with Cu(001)//TiN(001). At a slightly elevated temperature, we observed a new Cu-TiN orientation relationship with Cu(110)//TiN(001) that, to the best of our knowledge, is reported here for the first time. Accompanying molecular dynamics simulations with modified embedded atom method potentials newly developed for the Cu-TiN system showed the influence of nanoscale twinning and lattice strain on structure and interfacial energetics of Cu/TiN bicrystals. Controlled growth of metal/ceramic bicrystal thin films offers an opportunity for systematic testing of the mechanical response of metal/ceramic interfaces with better defined structural characteristics.
Use of Small Bowel Ultrasound to Predict Response to Infliximab Induction in Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

GOAL The goal of this study was to explore the utility of small bowel ultrasound (SBUS) as a noninvasive tool to assess induction response to infliximab (IFX) in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease management has shifted to a treat-to-target and tight control strategy utilizing noninvasive serum and fecal markers to monitor disease activity in response to therapy. Bowel wall changes as seen on cross-sectional imaging may be a more accurate marker of treatment success. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pediatric patients with CD with small bowel involvement initiating IFX were prospectively enrolled. Clinical activity, biomarkers, and SBUS findings were evaluated at baseline (T0) and postinduction at week 14 (T1). The primary outcome was to describe the changes in SBUS parameters pre and post IFX induction and how they associate with clinical and biomarker response. Descriptive statistics summarized the data and univariate analysis tested associations. RESULTS All 13 CD patients achieved steroid-free clinical remission (P<0.001) and a decrease in C-reactive protein (P=0.01) postinduction. Bowel wall hyperemia (BWH) (P=0.01) and bowel segment length involved (P=0.07) decreased postinduction. Decrease in fecal calprotectin at T1 moderately correlated with a decrease in bowel segment length (r=0.57; P=0.04). No correlation was seen with a change in bowel wall thickness or BWH postinduction. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study suggests that SBUS is a feasible, noninvasive tool to measure early treatment response to IFX. BWH, not bowel wall thickness, is the first parameter to change. Larger longitudinal studies are warranted to validate the utility of SBUS as part of a disease monitoring strategy.
Deep learning predicts microbial interactions from self-organized spatiotemporal patterns.

Abstract Microbial communities organize into spatial patterns that are largely governed by interspecies interactions. This phenomenon is an important metric for understanding community functional dynamics, yet the use of spatial patterns for predicting microbial interactions is currently lacking. Here we propose supervised deep learning as a new tool for network inference. An agent-based model was used to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of two interacting organisms under diverse growth and interaction scenarios, the data of which was subsequently used to train deep neural networks. For small-size domains (100 µm × 100 µm) over which interaction coefficients are assumed to be invariant, we obtained fairly accurate predictions, as indicated by an average R2 value of 0.84. In application to relatively larger domains (450 µm × 450 µm) where interaction coefficients are varying in space, deep learning models correctly predicted spatial distributions of interaction coefficients without any additional training. Lastly, we evaluated our model against real biological data obtained using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli co-cultures treated with polymeric chitin or N-acetylglucosamine, the hydrolysis product of chitin. While P. fluorescens can utilize both substrates for growth, E. coli lacked the ability to degrade chitin. Consistent with our expectations, our model predicted context-dependent interactions across two substrates, i.e., degrader-cheater relationship on chitin polymers and competition on monomers. The combined use of the agent-based model and machine learning algorithm successfully demonstrates how to infer microbial interactions from spatially distributed data, presenting itself as a useful tool for the analysis of more complex microbial community interactions.
Tritium Effects on Aromatic Carbon–Loaded Polymers

By incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanomaterials with aromatic sp2 carbon structures, we have specifically tuned filled ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer (EPDM) seal and...
Oral Health Considerations of Children: Grandparent Caregiver Perceptions, Behaviors, and Knowledge

In the United States, approximately 2.7 million grandparents have permanent custody of their grandchildren. Prevalence of primary dental caries has remained steady for those living in poverty, and among children of color. Children in the care of their grandparents frequently live in socioeconomically disadvantaged households, where dental disparities continue to exist. Research regarding the grandfamily dynamic as it relates to oral health, is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate oral health perceptions, behaviors, and knowledge of grandparents raising/caring for their grandchildren; and explore how a grandparent caregiver’s oral health knowledge influences their perceptions/behaviors regarding their grandchild’s oral health. This descriptive, cross-sectional survey research used non-probability sampling strategies to recruit grandparents who were the primary caregiver of their grandchildren, aged birth to eighteen years. A validated questionnaire was employed, both in-person and electronically. A total of 75 grandparents participated and answered 52% (SD = 27%) of oral health knowledge questions correctly. The study showed a correlation between low-income grandparents (M = 3.94, SD = 1.02) having higher pediatric oral health knowledge. Additionally, results indicated the greater the knowledge, the more positive intent to assist grandchildren with routine brushing and in checking their teeth for cavities. This study demonstrated that regardless of socioeconomic status, grandparent caregiver’s oral health knowledge can positively affect their oral health-related behaviors and values, which could influence their grandchildren’s' oral health. Further research regarding grandparent caregiver utilization of public health pediatric services and dental education programs, and the potential influence of these programs on pediatric oral health, should be explored.
Haydn’s Sunrise, Beethoven’s Shadow: Audiovisual Culture and the Emergence of Musical Romanticism

Most listeners’ experience with music in the twenty-first century is accompanied by, often even dependent on, visual media: consider the installation of integrated screens in concert halls around t...
A pilot study comparing daily teriparatide with monthly cycles of teriparatide and raloxifene

This 6-month pilot study in osteoporotic postmenopausal women evaluated cyclic TPD/RLX compared to daily subcutaneous TPD with the concept of optimizing bone formation. Compared to daily subcutaneous TPD, cyclic therapy showed comparable increase in spine BMD and favorable effects on total proximal femur BMD and cortical thickness. There is no cure for osteoporosis; better medications or different approaches with current agents are needed. We hypothesized that monthly cycles of teriparatide (TPD) followed by raloxifene (RLX) might promote ongoing bone formation. Additionally, as TPD might initially adversely affect hip BMD, such effects may be mitigated by a cyclic approach. Therefore, this 6-month pilot study evaluated the effect of cyclic TPD/RLX compared to daily subcutaneous TPD on bone markers, BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), and hip parameters assessed by 3D modeling. Postmenopausal osteoporotic women (n=26) were randomized to open-label TPD 20 daily or alternating monthly cycles of TPD followed by monthly RLX 60 mg daily. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), femur, and radius by DXA. To further assess LS BMD, QCT and opportunistic CT (L1 Hounsfield units [HU]) were performed. LS TBS and hip cortical and trabecular parameters were assessed using DXA. Baseline group comparisons were performed by unpaired T-test with change over time evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA. Participant mean age, BMI, and lowest T-score were 67.0 years, 26.0 kg/m2, and −2.7; no between-group differences in serum chemistries, 25(OH)D, or BMD were observed. LS-BMD increased (p<0.001) with TPD or TPD/RLX as measured by DXA (4.8%/5.2%), QCT (13%/9.4%), or HU (15.6%/10.2%) with no between-group difference. TPD/RLX produced beneficial between-group differences in total proximal femur BMD (1.5%, p<0.05) and cortical thickness (1.6%, p<0.05). Compared with daily TPD, cyclic TPD/RLX comparably increased spine BMD and might have favorable effects on proximal femur BMD and cortical thickness.
Associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification and pericardial adiposity in a longitudinal study of adults with and without type 1 diabetes

To examine the associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and pericardial adiposity (PAT) in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. We conducted a six-year longitudinal analysis of data from Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study [n = 1255; T1D: n = 563; non-DM: n = 692] collected at baseline, year 3 and year 6. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, a physical examination, and fasting (12 h overnight fast) biochemical analyses. CAC and PAT were measured using electron beam computed tomography. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with CAC and PAT in models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risks. The ‘starchy veggies, meats and alcohol pattern’ was associated with significantly increased risk of CAC presence in all adjusted models; an increasing trend was observed with CAC progression. Increasing intake of dietary proteins and total fats were also associated with higher risk of the presence and/or progression of CAC in adjusted models (all p < 0.05). PAT was positively associated with dietary total fats, and inversely associated with dietary intakes of saturated fats, omega-3 fats and fiber in models adjusted for age, sex, total calories, time, diabetes status, systolic blood pressure, serum lipids and physical activity. Diets high in total fats and proteins, and in meats (processed and red) and alcohol may increase risks of CAC, while saturated fats, omega-3-fats and fiber may be protective against pericardial adiposity as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005754.
Youth Involvement in Research: Participation, Contribution and Dynamic Processes

This chapter sheds light on youth involvement in research and on how involvement and collaborative practices relate to the philosophy of science, concepts of knowledge and value-based issues. Different models and ways of youth involvement including examples of collaborative research with youth are presented and reflected upon. Youth involvement in research is explored in relation to what counts as knowledge, empowerment, and co-creation of knowledge. The discussion describes possibilities and challenges that may emerge when involving youth in research. In particular, we highlight how youth involvement is often labeled as a matter of either passive participants or active contributors. We conclude that various forms of youth involvement should facilitate complex collaborative and dynamic processes.
Encapsulation of hexanal in bio-based cyclodextrin metal organic framework for extended release

Porous materials have been widely studied for encapsulation and controlled release of active species for packaging applications. This study examines the encapsulation efficiency of hexanal in γ-cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks (γ-CDMOF) for potential active packaging applications. γ-CDMOF was synthesized and hexanal was encapsulated in the MOF using a vapor diffusion process. The synthesized MOF was characterized both before and after the encapsulation of hexanal using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The diffraction peaks of various planes obtained from XRD characterization matched the theoretically calculated values. We identified the most stable docking sites using energy minimization calculations. FTIR and computational studied indicated hydrogen bonding interactions play a significant role in the stabilization of hexanal and γ-CDMOF inclusion complex. TGA characterization results revealed an encapsulation efficiency of about 15%. DSC and SEM study also supported encapsulation of hexanal in γ-CDMOF.
First identification and Limited Dissemination of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance in Salmonella Isolates in Jiaxing.

Salmonella , a major foodborne pathogen, causes severe gastrointestinal disease in people and animals worldwide. Plasmid-borne mcr-1 , which confers colistin resistance in Salmonella, has significant epidemiological interest for public health safety. Here, we report the first evidence of mcr-1 -mediated colistin resistance in one multidrug-resistant strain，namely 16062 in this study, from 355 Salmonella isolates collected for Jiaxing foodborne pathogen monitoring in Zhejiang Province in 2015-2019. In addition to colistin, 16062 displayed multidrug resistance to various antimicrobials (β-lactams, quinolone, sulfonamide, florfenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, aminoglycoside, and trimethoprim-sulfamethox). The mcr-1 -carrying IncX4 plasmid (p16062-MCR) in this study shares a conserved structure with other mcr -IncX4 plasmids. We found that other antimicrobial-resistance genes ( aac(6')-Ib-cr , aadA1 , aadA2 , aph(3')-Ia , oqxA , oqxB , sul1 , and cmlA1 ) are located on p16062-cmlA, an atypical IncHI2 plasmid, in isolate 16062. This is the first identification of transferable colistin resistance in foodborne Salmonella isolate collected in Jiaxing city, the 5-year monitoring of which revealed limited dissemination. By determining the genetic features of the plasmid vehicle, the characteristics of transferable mcr genes circulating in isolates from Jiaxing are now clearer.
The Quiet Lives of Very Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs

As we go down in mass along the main sequence, a regime is reached where the stars become fully convective. This occurs around 0. 3 Mq and it defines the upper limit of the mass range of the very-low mass (VLM) stars. The fully convective nature of these objects persists down to planetary masses, e. g. Jupiter. Such stars have spectral types later than dM3 and effective temperatures below about 3500 K. For objects below ≈ 0. 08 M⊙, the central temperature remains too low to sustain sufficiently vigorous nuclear burning to achieve an equilibrium configuration on the main sequence. These objects, known as brown dwarfs (BDs), loose their initial heat content as they cool rapidly to degenerate configurations.
A Fatal Loss of Balance: Dred Scott Revisited

This essay focuses on three aspects of the Dred Scott opinion: its effort to ensure that blacks could never be citizens, let alone equal ones; its deployment of a "limited government" argument for a narrow interpretation of Congress's enumerated power over the territories; and its path-breaking defense of property rights against government regulation. These constitutional tropes of racism, narrowing of federal power, and protection of property were to remain dominant for another seventy-five years. Apart from the failings of the opinion itself, Dred Scott also represents an extraordinary case of presidential tampering with the judicial process and a breakdown in fair procedure within the Court itself.Taney's exercise in originalism highlights some pitfalls that present-day originalists would do well to avoid. His effort to read all of the Constitution through a states' rights, pro-slavery lense also dramatizes the risks of foundationalism. Taney's opinion lacks any sense of balance - a failing at any time for a judge, but particularly dangerous when the nation is poised over a historic abyss.
Structural and functional characterization of Escherichia coli peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases.

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), enzymes that catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds to which proline contributes the nitrogen, were purified from Escherichia coli. In this organism, at least two PPIases are present. Both the cationic (periplasmic) and anionic (cytoplasmic) PPIases are inhibited by cyclosporin A with a Ki of 25–50 μM, a concentration 1000-fold higher than that required for eukaryotic PPIases. Although isoelectric focusing indicates that the two enzymes differ in isoelectric point by at least 4.0 pH units, the specific activities of the enzymes toward the tetrapeptide substrate succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-methyl-coumarylamide are equivalent. The activity of both enzymes for a series of substituted succinyl-Ala-Xaa-Pro-Phe-para-nitroanilide tetrapeptides suggests that the structure and function of the active site of the prokaryotic proteins is similar to that of eukaryotic cyclophilins. Both enzymes are capable of catalyzing the refolding of thermally denatured type III collagen. Antibodies against the periplasmic PPIase do not recognize the cytoplasmic enzyme, indicating significant differences in epitopes between the two forms. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that the secondary structure of the cationic protein consists of 17%α-helix, 34%β-sheet, 17% turns, 33% random coil and is very similar to human cytosolic PPIase.
UV-induced mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus in two L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell strains with different UV sensitivities.

Abstract Two strains of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, L5178Y-R (LY-R) and L5178Y-S (LY-S), differ markedly in their sensitivity to 254 nm UV radiation (D0 = 0.7 and 5.5 J/m2; n = 6.0 and 2.0 for LY-R and LY-S cells, respctively). In this study, the frequency o hypoxanthine-guanine-phosporibosyl-transferase-deficient mutants was determined, using 6-thioguanine (TG) as a selective agent, in populations of LY-R and LY-S cells exposed to various fluences of UV radiation. The spontaneous mutation frequency for LY-R cells was (3.7 ± 0.6) × 10−5 TGr mutants per viable cell, and the UV induction rate was (2.2 ± 0.8) × 10−4 TGr mutants per viable cell, per J/m2. Both spontaneous and induced mutantion frequencies were much lower for LY-S cells. The sopntaneous mutation frequency for these cells were too low to make its measurement practicable (
Arab‐Iranian relations and stability in the Persian Gulf

(1984). Arab‐Iranian relations and stability in the Persian Gulf. The Washington Quarterly: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 67-76.
Deflation techniques for the calculation of further solutions of a nonlinear system

This paper defines several classes of methods which can be used to find additional solutions of a nonlinear system of equations. A theory which embraces these classes is presented and the theory is extended to the multiple root problem. The techniques developed can also be used in avoiding previously found extreme points when performing function minimization. Results of computer experiments are presented.
Europium Complexes of a Novel Ethylenedioxythiophene-Derivatized Bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine Ligand Exhibiting Efficient Lanthanide Sensitization

A new class of highly luminescent nine-coordinated europium(III) tris(β-diketonate) bis[(ethylenedioxythiophene)pyrazolyl]pyridine (L) complexes has been synthesized and the photophysical properties studied: 1 = Eu(hfac)3(L); 2 = Eu(tta)3(L); 3 = Eu(btfac)3(L). The solid-state structure of complex 1 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and shows the geometry of the local coordination environment around the EuIII ion to be a slightly distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Luminescence lifetimes were found to be 581, 473, and 576 μs for complexes 1−3, respectively. Absolute quantum yields for complexes 1−3 were measured as 16.4 ± 1.4%, 27.5 ± 1.2%, and 22.2% ± 0.3%, respectively.
Improvement of acoustic fall detection using Kinect depth sensing

The latest acoustic fall detection system (acoustic FADE) has achieved encouraging results on real-world dataset. However, the acoustic FADE device is difficult to be deployed in real environment due to its large size. In addition, the estimation accuracy of sound source localization (SSL) and direction of arrival (DOA) becomes much lower in multi-interference environment, which will potentially result in the distortion of the source signal using beamforming (BF). Microsoft Kinect is used in this paper to address these issues by measuring source position using the depth sensor. We employ robust minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) adaptive BF (ABF) to take advantage of well-estimated source position for acoustic FADE. A significant reduction of false alarms and improvement of detection rate are both achieved using the proposed fusion strategy on real-world data.
New techniques for the study of cardiomyoplasty

Despite a paucity of objective hemodynamic evidence, cardiomyoplasty has been shown to subjectively improve functional status and symptoms. In addition, the factors associated with successful cardiomyoplasty have not been defined. We have been using magnetic resonance techniques to quantify stroke volume and the three-dimensional motion of the heart during cardiomyoplasty. We have also been studying the regional mechanics and blood flow of partially isolated latissimus dorsi to determine whether the force generation and shortening of the proximal portion of the latissimus dorsi (that have typically been measured) are representative of the distal portion that is in contact with the heart.
Prospective trials for the radiotherapeutic treatment of bone metastases

Radiation therapy is a proven technique to relieve the pain of bone metastases. Focal painful metastases can be palliated in up to 80 percent of patients. The technique to use for the treatment varies depending on the extent of disease, the prognosis of the patient and physician preference. Most studies indicate that the local treatment of bone metastases with single large treatments is as efficacious as extended courses of treatment. For patients with wide-spread disease, two forms of systemic radiotherapy are available: hemibody irradiation and intravenous injection of radionuclides. Studies have shown the combination of either focal irradiation and hemibody irradiation or focal irradiation and the injection of strontium (89) prolongs the pain-free duration of the patients. All palliative patients with symptomatic bone metastases should be evaluated for radiotherapy.
Stroke Rehabilitation: Clinical Predictors of Resource Utilization

Abstract Objective: To identify predictors of rehabilitation hospital resource utilization for patients with stroke, using demographic, medical, and functional information available on admission. Design: Statistical analysis of data prospectively collected from stroke rehabilitation patients. Setting: Large, urban, academic freestanding rehabilitation facility. Participants: A total of 945 stroke patients consecutively admitted for acute inpatient rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures: Resource utilization was measured by rehabilitation length of stay (LOS) and mean hospital charge per day (CPD). Methods: Independent variables were organized into categories derived from four consecutive phases of clinical assessment: (1) patient referral information, (2) acute hospital record review and patient history, (3) physical examination, and (4) functional assessment. Predictors for LOS and CPD were identified separately using four stepwise multiple linear regression analyses starting with variables from the first category and adding new category data for each subsequent analysis. Results: Severe neurologic impairment, as measured by Rasch-converted NIH stroke scale and lower Rasch-converted motor measure of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument predicted longer LOS ( F 2,824 = 231.9, p F 6,820 = 90.2 , p Conclusion: Stroke rehabilitation LOS and CPD are predicted by different factors. Severe impairment and motor disability are the main predictors of longer LOS; motor disability and medical comorbidities predict higher CPD. These findings will help clinicians anticipate resource needs of stroke rehabilitation patients using medical history, physical examination, and functional assessment.
Qualitätskriterien für Meßsonden zur intraoperativen Lokalisation Tc99m-markierter Lymphknoten

Zusammenfassung Durch die Entwicklung des Sentinel-Lymphknotenkonzeptes bei Malignem Melanom [11] ist eine rasch zunehmende Anwendung der Sentinel-Lymphadeneklomie zu verzeichnen. Hierbei werden Gamma-Messonden zur intraoperativen Lokalisation radioaktiv markierter Lymphknoten eingesetzt. Die Anzahl kommerziell erhaltlicher Messysteme hierfur steigt stetig. Fur deren Beurteilung haben wir Qualitatskriterien erarbeitet. Drei Gerate verschiedener Hersteller wurden in der Praxis getestet und deren Qualitatsmerkmale bestimmt. Fur die verschiedenen Sondensysteme zeigten sich wesentliche Qualitatsunterschiede.
Correlates of range size in wintering white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis

Abstract A 400-m trapline along a hedgerow was used to calculate sizes of winter ranges in a migratory population of 328 white-throated sparrows during three winters. Although range size varied greatly among individuals, the ranges of most sparrows extended for 100 m or less along the trapline. Birds tended to return to the same location and to have ranges of similar sizes from year to year. A multivariate analysis of variables affecting range size revealed that dominant birds tended to have small ranges, possibly because their dominating ability would decrease if they left familiar areas. Range size also decreased with age, an apparent indication that old and young individuals used space differently in attempting to survive a winter.
Reduction of myocardial infarct size with ischemic "conditioning": physiologic and technical considerations.

A wealth of evidence has revealed that the heart can be “conditioned” and rendered less vulnerable to ischemia–reperfusion injury via the upregulation of endogenous protective signaling pathways. Three distinct conditioning strategies have been identified: (1) preconditioning, the phenomenon where b
Rupture of the symphysis pubis during vaginal delivery followed by two subsequent uneventful pregnancies

Abstract BACKGROUND: Rupture of the symphysis pubis during vaginal delivery is a rare but debilitating complication. Factors contributing to rupture are poorly defined. CASE: A healthy primigravida suffered a rupture of her symphysis pubis during an otherwise uncomplicated vaginal delivery. She experienced significant pain and difficulty walking for 6 months after the injury. Her 5-cm symphyseal separation was managed successfully with physical therapy and activity restriction. The patient’s two subsequent deliveries (one vaginal and one via cesarean delivery) were uneventful. CONCLUSION: Severe symphyseal rupture during vaginal delivery can be managed without surgery. Risk factors for rupture are not well defined. Based on a literature review, there is a significant risk of repeat symphyseal rupture with subsequent vaginal delivery.
Integrating Information Literacy into Business Education: A Successful Case of Faculty-Librarian Collaboration

ABSTRACT This article reports on a successful case of collaboration between business librarians and faculty members in selecting, procuring, and servicing electronic databases in meeting academic objectives in one of the largest undergraduate business programs in the United States. Using a survey to measure students' self-reported knowledge before and after a training module developed and conducted by librarian and faculty, this study shows the extent of learning gain with respect to students' ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the required information. Comparing to the results of a control group of students without the training, the authors adjusted for learning gain due to other activities or measurement. The findings show significant perceived as well as objective learning gain as a result of concerted team efforts in training and teaching by the librarian and discipline faculty.
The Noise Bias Problem In Optical Speckle Imaging Experience With A Real Detector

We have obtained diffraction limited images for bright objects using various large astronomical telescopes, including the MMT, but the results have not been convincing for fainter objects. All speckle interferometric techniques utilizing image power spectrum or autocorrelation methods to obtain calibrated image amplitudes are subject to noise bias induced by the Poisson statistics of photon detection. This noise bias, independent of image frequency for ideal detectors with delta-function like point spread functions, must be removed to obtain calibrated image amplitudes. The noise bias characteristic of our intensified TV detector, both as a raster event localizer (faint object mode) and as a conventional image amplitude detector (bright object mode), is not only image frequency dependent but signal rate and signal distribution dependent as well. This precludes signal independent calibration of the characteristic bias functions and sets limits on object faintness for successful image recovery. Implications for detector development are noted.
On microelectrode distortion of tissue oxygen tensions.

Abstract This article demonstrates that the gentlest insertion of an oxygen measuring electrode into living tissue may distort the normal distribution of oxygen in the tissue, and thereby cause the electrode to determine erroneous oxygen tensions. A model tissue is studied. An electrode inserted into this tissue is found to distort tissue oxygen tensions, and to measure incorrect values. The effect can be minimized by using the smallest electrodes.
Commentary: deconstructing gender difference.

Abstract In Japan, as in the United States, a growing proportion of physicians are women. Hence, the different social roles that men and women occupy and the gendered norms for behavior are increasingly relevant in ensuring that male and female physicians have equal opportunity to participate and advance in all aspects of medicine. Elsewhere in this issue, Nomura and colleagues report on a large survey of primary care residents in Japan. They found that on average women's self-rated confidence on many clinical tasks was lower than men's. This is not surprising given similar gender differences in self-assessed competence in other research and the socialization of women in virtually all cultures to be modest. The actual differences in average scores were small suggesting considerable overlap in the distributions of responses from male and female residents. In addition, research from other countries finds no association between physicians' self-reported confidence in clinical tasks and objective measures of competence on which female physicians rate at or above the level of their male counterparts. Congruent with different social roles for men and women, Nomura and colleagues also found gender differences in the average responses about work-family priorities and aspirations toward leadership, but some women indicated a desire for research careers and some men were “life-oriented.” The author of this commentary argues that to draw conclusions about all male or all female physicians from average differences of a large group of residents may reinforce gender stereotypes that continue to impede each individual female physician's career advancement and each individual male physician's struggle for work-life balance.
Large sample tests for absolute Lorenz dominance

Abstract We propose statistical tests for comparing the absolute Lorenz curves introduced by Moyes (1987). These tests allow absolute inequality comparisons using the tools of statistical inference. We apply the tests to U.S. state income distributions, obtaining rankings in 96 percent of the comparisons.
SOA-based precision irrigation decision support system

At present, irrigation decision-making systems applied to the field of agriculture were mostly aimed at a given area and specific crops. It was difficult to be applied in different areas and different crops. In this paper, a precision irrigation decision-making system has done something to solve this problem. The paper, on the one hand, has synthesized multi-areas and multi-crops in one decision; on the other hand, the key was that it used an advanced design idea, which quickly builds a system by using SOA architecture and fully meets different needs of users based on the maximum reuse of services. The paper arranges services in BPM. First of all, user programmed areas, crop types and the water supply. Secondly, the system selects optimum services from the BPM based on different inputs, and then quickly builds a suitable model. Moreover, it gave precise guidance for crop irrigation processes. The precision irrigation decision support system provides an on-demand decision-making model for agricultural production. Applied results show that, through the test on Xiao Tangshan winter wheat, Da Xing vegetables and rice in central China, the system can quickly build a decision-making model to meet the needs of irrigation for different users. In addition, it shows a good reflection and wide use.
Annealing studies of cold-rolled Ni3Al

Annealing studies of cold-rolled Ni3Al established that the recrystallization kinetics obey the Avrami equation and that the grain-growth kinetics obey the relation ¯d=Ctn where ¯d is the average grain size, t the time and C and n are parameters whose magnitude depends on temperature. Disorder is introduced during deformation but subsequently removed during recrystallization. Antiphase boundaries are found in some recrystallized grains but do not show any preference to lie on {100} planes, contrary to predictions based on Flinn's nearest-neighbour approximation model. Twins, dislocation networks an planar faults are also found in recrystallized grains.
Evoked potentials in the central auditory system of alert porpoises to their own and artificial sounds.

1. A series of 8 experiments is reported in which arrays of 7 or more electrodes on an axis were implanted stereotaxically in Tursiops truncatus. From 1 to 3 of the electrodes were in or near the inferior colliculus or lateral lemniscus. 2. A total of 39 electrodes out of 130 proved to be responsive to suitable acoustic stimuli. Nine of these lay above the tentorium, 30 in the midbrain above the ventral tegmentum. 3. The typical midbrain evoked potential is specialized for ultrasonic, ultrabrief, fast rising, closely spaced sounds like the echolocating clicks. It has a short latency and the main deflection is less than 1 ms wide. No potential is evoked if the frequency is below 5 kHz or the rise time above 5 ms. 4. At several cerebral loci a different response was found: long latency, long duration, slowly recovering potentials evoked by frequencies below 5 kHz whether fast or slowly rising. The cerebral “whistle” sensitive loci are probably in the posterolateral temporal cortex. 5. A few loci at about the tentorial level, probably rostral and lateral to the inferior colliculus gave intermediate or mixed response with some features of each of the previous 2 types. 6. Implanted, cooperating porpoises were trained to give series of clicks of echolocating types. These evoked potentials like those to artificial tone bursts. Often the highest intensity voluntary clicks evoked quite modest potentials and a much weaker form of click gave maximal potentials. Important differences in click composition are inferred. 7. Artificial echoes show more rapid recovery following the porpoise’s own click than following an artificial conditioning tone burst of equal evoking power. 8. It has proven practicable to place electrodes with reasonable accuracy, to combine computerized electrophysiological analysis with trained behavior and to maintain chronic implants for at least a month in porpoises. Opportunities for improvements in technique are emphasized.
Primary Progressive Aphasia: Clinical, Imaging, and Neuropathological Findings

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder initially presenting with progressive language imapirment. This article provides a clinically oriented review of PPA. Different clinical presentations and imaging findings of 3 subtypes, agrammatic, semantic and logopenic, are presented. Underlying neuropathology, medical and social management aspects of these patients are reviewed.
Electronic structure and transitions of liquid selenium at high temperatures and pressures

Abstract At low temperatures, liquid selenium is a semiconductor in equilibrium with a diatomic, insulating vapor. However, when the liquid is compressed to supercritical pressures at temperatures near the liquid–gas critical point, the fluid acquires borderline metallic properties. Two sets of recent experiments provide new insight into the relationships of these regions of differing electronic character: (i) observation of a `transition' from semiconductor to low-conductivity metal near the melting curve and (ii) measurement of the optical energy gap up to the critical region. It will be shown that the low and high temperature conductivity transitions are related within the temperature–pressure plane. A conventional model of an intrinsic semiconductor incorporating the observed temperature-dependence of the optical gap can account for the temperature-dependence of the electrical conductivity over nearly seven orders of magnitude.
Quantifying the basal conditions of a mountain glacier using a targeted full-waveform inversion: Bench Glacier, Alaska, USA

Glacier dynamics are inextricably linked to the basal conditions of glaciers. Seismic reflection methods can image the glacier bed under certain conditions. However, where a seismically thin layer of material is present at the bed, traditional analyses may fail to fully characterize bed properties. We use a targeted full-waveform inversion algorithm to quantify the basal-layer parameters of a mountain glacier: thickness (d), P-wave velocity (α) and density (ρ). We simultaneously invert for the seismic quality factor (Q) of the bulk glacier ice. The inversion seeks to minimize the difference between the data and a one-dimensional reflectivity algorithm using a gradient-based search with starting values initialized from a Monte Carlo scheme. We test the inversion algorithm on four basal layer synthetic data traces with 5% added Gaussian noise. The inversion retrieved thin-layer parameters within 10% of synthetic test parameters with the exception of seismic Q. For the seismic dataset from Bench Glacier, Alaska, USA, inversion results indicate a thin basal layer of debris-rich ice within the study area having mean velocity 4000 ± 700 m s–1, density 1900 ± 200 kg m–3 and thickness 6 ± 1.5 m.
Supporting the case for qualitative research in physical therapy

Invited commentary on ‘How can qualitative research contribute to the expanding knowledge base in pediatric physical therapy?’, Wiart L. The author of ‘How can qualitative research contribute to th...
Investigations of redox magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow at microelectrode arrays using microbeads.

Microbeads are used to track fluid flow over microband electrode arrays to investigate fundamentals of redox magnetohydrodynamics (redox-MHD) in a confined solution. The results may lead toward the design of micro total analysis systems with microfluidics based on the redox-MHD concept. Ion flux was generated by reduction and oxidation of electroactive potassium ferri- and ferrocyanide at selected individually addressable microelectrodes in the array. An external magnetic field was produced by a small, permanent magnet (0.38 T) placed directly below the array with its field perpendicular to the plane of the array. The cross product of ion flux and magnetic field produces a magnetic force (a portion of the Lorentz force equation) that causes the fluid to rotate around the active electrodes. Velocities up to 1.4 mm/s are demonstrated here. The effects on velocities were obtained for different concentrations of redox species, widths of electrodes, gaps between electrodes, and combinations of anodically- and ...
The Magnetic Epoch-6 carbon shift: A change in the ocean's 13C/12C ratio 6.2 million years ago

Abstract Tropical Indian Ocean planktonic and benthic foraminifera have 13C/12C ratios which change abruptly within Magnetic Epoch 6 about 6.2 million years ago. All species analyzed in the Late Miocene section of DSDP Site 238 show a shift towards lighter values of δ13C by about 0.8‰. The oxygen isotope signal indicates that the pre-shift period is climatically quiet while the post-shift period has strong fluctuations. We suggest that the shift reflects a sudden increase in the rate of supply of organic carbon from coastal lowlands and from shelves exposed by regression, as well as a change in deep circulation patterns and ocean fertility. The event marks the transition of the ocean—atmosphere system from a quiet Early and Middle Neogene climatic regime toward a Late Neogene regime characterized by climatic amplifying mechanisms (albedo feedback, bottom water production) located around the northern North Atlantic. The beginning of this regime may have been strongly influenced by the isolation of the Mediterranean basin.
What if we got a do-over?

In this keynote talk I will summarize the views that have led to the creation of two DARPA research program: CRASH (Clean-slate design of Resilient Adaptive Secure Hosts) and MRC (Mission-Oriented Resilient Clouds). Both programs start with the premise that for perfectly understandable reasons the hardware, operating systems, programming languages and application software that we currently rely on are inherently flawed and will not be able to deliver the levels of security and resilience that are needed to support mission-critical applications. But both also recognize that we could build fundamentally better systems using a clean-slate approach.
Planar Motion of a Flexible Beam With a Tip Mass Driven by Two Kinematic Rotational Degrees of Freedom

The objective was to model planar motion of a flexible beam with a tip mass that is driven by two kinematic rotational degrees of freedom which are (1) at the center of the hub and (2) at the point the beam is attached to the hub. The equations of motion were derived using Lagrange's equations and were solved using the finite element method. The results for the natural frequencies of the beam especially at high tip masses and high rotational velocities of the hub were calculated and compared to results obtained using the Raleigh-Ritz method. The dynamic response of the beam due to a specified hub rotation was calculated for two cases.
Relative mutagenic potencies determined in the micronucleus test.

Abstract Data from two publications which include dose-response data were subject to model fitting using a Poisson distribution and a linear dose-response function. In Swiss mice, acetylaminofluorene was the weakest mutagen tested. Aflatoxin B 1 , 3-methylcholanthrene and dimethylnitrosamine were 66, 14, and 140 times as potent, respectively. In hamsters aflatoxin B 1 was inactive while 3-methylcholanthrene and dimethylnitrosamine were 21 and 246 times as potent as acetylaminofluorene. EMS was the weakest mutagen tested by Matter & Grauwiler with colchicine and TEM being 232 and 3294 times as potent. Trenimon, cyclophosphamide and MMS were best approximated by a quadratic function due to their pronounced bone marrow toxicity. Neither MNNG nor caffeine were active in this test.