cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chance-Constrained Binary Packing Problems

We consider a class of packing problems with uncertain data, which we refer to as the chance-constrained binary packing problem. In this problem, a subset of items is selected that maximizes the total profit so that a generic packing constraint is satisfied with high probability. Interesting special cases of our problem include chance-constrained knapsack and set packing problems with random coefficients. We propose a problem formulation in its original space based on the so-called probabilistic covers. We focus our solution approaches on the special case in which the uncertainty is represented by a finite number of scenarios. In this case, the problem can be formulated as an integer program by introducing a binary decision variable to represent feasibility of each scenario. We derive a computationally efficient coefficient strengthening procedure for this formulation, and demonstrate how the scenario variables can be efficiently projected out of the linear programming relaxation. We also study how method...
Structural and spectroscopic evidence for linkage isomerism of bound nitrite in a {Fe–NO}6 nitrosyl derived from a tetradentate dicarboxamide ligand: More parallels between heme and non-heme systems

Abstract The ambidentate ligand nitrite (NO2) binds to transition metal centers through the N (nitro) or O (nitrito) atom. In metal porphyrin complexes, the energy difference between the two linkage isomers is small and hence slight differences in reaction conditions and/or ligand design give rise to formation of the isomers in different ratios. In the present work, similar behavior has been observed in case of the {Fe–NO}6 nitrosyl [(Me2bpb)Fe(NO)(NO2)] (2), derived from a non-heme planar dicarboxamide ligand N,N′-bispyridinecarboxamido-4,5-dimethylbenzenediamine (H2Me2bpb). Under anaerobic conditions, reaction of the Fe(III) complex [(Me2bpb)Fe(py)2]ClO4 (1) with NO(g) in MeCN affords 2, a product that contains both the N- and O-bound isomer in different ratios depending on the reaction conditions. In protic solvents, the same reaction affords the {Fe–NO}7 nitrosyl [(Me2bpb)Fe(NO)] (3). Both nitrosyls have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies.
Sentiment analysis in multiple languages: Feature selection for opinion classification in Web forums

The Internet is frequently used as a medium for exchange of information and opinions, as well as propaganda dissemination. In this study the use of sentiment analysis methodologies is proposed for classification of Web forum opinions in multiple languages. The utility of stylistic and syntactic features is evaluated for sentiment classification of English and Arabic content. Specific feature extraction components are integrated to account for the linguistic characteristics of Arabic. The entropy weighted genetic algorithm (EWGA) is also developed, which is a hybridized genetic algorithm that incorporates the information-gain heuristic for feature selection. EWGA is designed to improve performance and get a better assessment of key features. The proposed features and techniques are evaluated on a benchmark movie review dataset and U.S. and Middle Eastern Web forum postings. The experimental results using EWGA with SVM indicate high performance levels, with accuracies of over 91p on the benchmark dataset as well as the U.S. and Middle Eastern forums. Stylistic features significantly enhanced performance across all testbeds while EWGA also outperformed other feature selection methods, indicating the utility of these features and techniques for document-level classification of sentiments.
Collector Fields: Potential for Improvements

Distributed solar thermal collector technology has undergone considerable development during the past decade. For example, peak efficiencies for parabolic trough collectors operating at 250 to 300°C have increased from about 50% ten years ago to 70% today. Nevertheless, there is still considerable room for improvements to parabolic trough technology. Distributed point-focus solar thermal collector technology is significantly less mature than parabolic trough technology, so relatively more significant technological advances are likely to be realized for it.
Crystal structure and functional interpretation of the erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization domain complex.

As the principal component of the membrane skeleton, spectrin confers integrity and flexibility to red cell membranes. Although this network involves many interactions, the most common hemolytic anemia mutations that disrupt erythrocyte morphology affect the spectrin tetramerization domains. Although much is known clinically about the resulting conditions (hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis), the detailed structural basis for spectrin tetramerization and its disruption by hereditary anemia mutations remains elusive. Thus, to provide further insights into spectrin assembly and tetramer site mutations, a crystal structure of the spectrin tetramerization domain complex has been determined. Architecturally, this complex shows striking resemblance to multirepeat spectrin fragments, with the interacting tetramer site region forming a central, composite repeat. This structure identifies conformational changes in α-spectrin that occur upon binding to β-spectrin, and it reports the first structure of the β-spectrin tetramerization domain. Analysis of the interaction surfaces indicates an extensive interface dominated by hydrophobic contacts and supplemented by electrostatic complementarity. Analysis of evolutionarily conserved residues suggests additional surfaces that may form important interactions. Finally, mapping of hereditary anemia-related mutations onto the structure demonstrate that most, but not all, local hereditary anemia mutations map to the interacting domains. The potential molecular effects of these mutations are described.
Digital subcarrier cross-connects (DSXCs)

Digital subcarrier cross-connect (DSXC) is a circuit switching node which offers bandwidth flexibility, improved transmission performance, and electric power efficiency in transport networks. In contrast to the time division multiplexing-based optical transport network (OTN) architectures, DSXC makes use of frequency division multiplexing to perform cross-connection operation of individual subcarrier channels, which can be established to provide end-to-end dedicated circuits with flexible data rates between edge node pairs. By leveraging digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM), spectral guard-bands between adjacent channels are not necessary in DSXC, thus yielding good bandwidth efficiency when multiplexing subcarrier channels onto the same wavelength. In addition, digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms can be implemented to perform compensation of fiber transmission impairments in the electronic domain, thus ensuring good signal integrity. As discussed in this paper, the power consumption needed by DSXC to perform subcarrier channel cross-connection operations is estimated to be approximately one third of that required by today's OTN digital cross-connects. As illustrated in a companion paper [1] multiple DSXCs can be arranged together to build digital subcarrier optical networks (DSONs), which is a promising energy efficient alternative to currently available transport network solutions, e.g., OTN/SONET/SDH/MPLS-TP. This paper introduces the concept, the basic building blocks and the key functionalities of DSXC.
The vital role of strategy in strategic human resource management education

Abstract An informal survey of syllabi available on the Internet suggests that firm strategy has generally received inadequate treatment in strategic human resource management (SHRM) courses. This weakness reflects limitations in the SHRM research stream and it makes SHRM education unnecessarily narrow. In order to produce effective SHRM practitioners, strategy must become a central component of SHRM courses on an equal footing with HRM. This paper describes the advantages of doing so and offers some practical suggestions about how SHRM course instructors can begin infusing strategy into their SHRM courses.
Simulation of real-time ultrasound-guided renal biopsy

Percutaneous renal biopsy has an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple kidney disorders. Unfortunately, this invasive procedure is associated with increased risk for adverse, even lethal, outcomes. Simulation training has been shown to improve procedure competencies; therefore, we developed an inexpensive simulation tool for teaching and practicing real-time ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy. This model mimics human kidney biopsy conditions in terms of kidney size, depth, tissue echogenicity, and overall structural characteristics. The preparation is simple, consisting of inserting a porcine kidney phantom under a turkey breast, using standard ultrasound imaging and semiautomatic needles, and allowing repetitive sampling. Our tool for initial renal biopsy training and for maintenance of already acquired skills has received positive feedback from fellows in major adult and pediatric nephrology training programs. Future controlled studies are needed to establish the efficacy of this simulation training in reducing discomfort and adverse renal biopsy outcomes in patients.
Clearance of Mutant Proteins as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Huntington diseases. One of the main goals of research in neurodegenerative disorders has been to improve clearance of these accumulated proteins. Using the example of Huntington disease, I discuss strategies to selectively activate cellular degradation machinery to improve clearance of the mutant protein and to identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of Huntington disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.
Parameters of abstraction, meaningfulness, and pronunciability for 329 nouns

329 nouns of A-frequency were rated on a 7-point scale for concreteness, specificity, and pronunciability by three different groups of Ss. A fourth group was used to scale the words for m by a 30-sec production method. Means of each word for s, c, and m are presented. The interrelationships among all parameters and the second-order partial correlations between m, s, c and number of letters (L) are discussed.
TU-SAM-201B-01: MR Spectroscopy: The Physical Basis and Acquisition Strategies

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a means of obtaining in vivo biochemical information in a completely non‐invasive fashion. Proton MRS has been used extensively in the brain and, more recently, in prostate for improved differential diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Breast, musculoskeletal, and liver proton MRS applications have also been reported. In addition, MRS studies using non‐zero spin nuclei other than protons have been performed, but are limited by low sensitivity. This presentation will provide a review of the physical basis of MRS as well as the acquisition strategies currently used to obtain in vivo MRS data. General requirements, including magnetic field homogeneity and, for proton MRS, water suppression, will be discussed. Localization techniques and pulse sequence options will also be reviewed, and the dependence of the resulting spectral information on key acquisition parameters, e.g., echo time, will be discussed. Finally, approaches to quantitative interpretation of the resulting spectral data will be discussed. While the focus will be primarily on proton MRS, due to its prevalence in clinical and research applications, information on non‐proton MRS will also be provided, including more recent strategies for improving the sensitivity of such applications using hyperpolarization. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the physical basis of in vivo MRS applications 2. Appreciate the requirements necessary to obtain high quality in vivo MRS data 3. Understand the spatial location strategies commonly used for in vivo MRS studies 4. Understand common approaches to quantitative interpretation of the measured data 5. Understand the dependence of measured parameters on key acquisition parameters
Isolation of native Mauthner cell axoplasm and an analysis of organelle movement in non-aqueous and aqueous media

A method for isolating Mauthner cell (M-cell) axoplasm from goldfish is described. The axon may be isolated in a fluorocarbon oil (e.g., Fluorinert), or in an aqueous bathing medium (ABM). An analysis of motile organelles in axoplasm isolated in Fluorinert or in ABM indicated that the range of particle velocities extended over an order of magnitude, and that there was a significant selective slowing of retrograde particle movement in axons isolated in ABM. No apparent correlation between particle size and velocity was noted. In addition to confirming that calcium was not required for particle transport, it was observed that adenylylimidodiphosphate produced an irreversible blockade of organelle movements, suggesting that force generating mechanisms involved in translocation are probably similar to those proposed for invertebrate axons.
Grandparents of Children with Special Needs: Insights into Their Experiences and Concerns:

Families with young handicapped children have special needs for instrumental and emotional support. Many of these can be met within the family system. The role of grandparents is often overlooked, ...
Observation of an Antiferromagnet in an Induced Staggered Magnetic Field: Dysprosium Aluminum Garnet near the Tricritical Point

We show that an external field in dysprosium aluminum garnet (DyAlG) couples not only to the magnetization, but also to the staggered magnetization, in a term linear in that order parameter. Neutron-scattering experiments are interpreted from this viewpoint. Reconsideration of the phase diagram of DyAlG leads to the conclusion that the previously reported tricritical point is, in fact, a wing critical point. Production of a staggered field should be possible in a class of compensated antiferromagnets.
Two-Dimensional Response of a Stably Stratified Shear Flow to Diabatic Heating.

Abstract A two-dimensional, linearized problem in a stratified shell flow with either isolated heating or differential heating is investigated. In response to isolated heating with the heating top below the wind reversal height, the low-level vertical velocity near the heating center may be positive or negative depending upon the Richardson number associated with the basic flow and the depth of the heating layer. The phenomenon can be explained by the advection effect of the basic flow. In response to differential heating associated with the low-level temperature contrast, a sharp contrast of upward and downward motion is produced near the center of the differential heating. Similar to the isolated heating case, the low-level upward motion may be located over the warm or cold side. Convection may be triggered or maintained if the upward motion is located over the side where the supply of moisture is abundant in a mesoscale circulation. In response to thermal forcing in the vicinity of the critical level, ...
Hybrid Semiconducting Polymer Dot–Quantum Dot with Narrow-Band Emission, Near-Infrared Fluorescence, and High Brightness

This communication describes a new class of semiconducting polymer nanoparticle–quantum dot hybrid with high brightness, narrow emission, near-IR fluorescence, and excellent cellular targeting capability. Using this approach, we circumvented the current difficulty with obtaining narrow-band-emitting and near-IR-fluorescing semiconducting polymer nanoparticles while combining the advantages of both semiconducting polymer nanoparticles and quantum dots. We further demonstrated the use of this new class of hybrid nanomaterial for effective and specific cellular and subcellular labeling without any noticeable nonspecific binding. This hybrid nanomaterial is anticipated to find use in a variety of in vitro and in vivo biological applications.
Pulmonary Blastoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Pulmonary blastomas are a rare aggressive neoplasm comprising 0.25-0.5% of all primary lung tumors and portend a poor prognosis. They display a biphasic histology with mesenchymal and epithelial components. Historically, the term pulmonary blastoma had included both pure fetal adenocarcinomas, pleuropulmonary blastomas as well as the classic biphasic blastomas. However recent World Health Organisation re-classifications separated well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinomas and pleuropulmonary blastomas from the biphasic tumours.
The Place of the Dog: AKC Breeds in American Culture

The American Kennel Club (AKC), the primary registry agency for purebred dogs in the United States, had recognized 138 breeds through September 1995. An investigation of the source areas of these breeds reveals the cultural authority of Great Britain in organized dog breeding in the United States. Although Great Britain accounts for more than one-third of the AKC breeds, however, its importance has declined. Dogs from Asia account for more than one-fifth of the breeds recognized since World War II. Breed names that contain toponymic elements (such as Sussex Spaniel) usually reinforce the importance of the area in which the breeds were developed. An analysis of the patterns of geographic names reveals a pronounced emphasis on Western Europe, particularly Great Britain. A decline in the prominence of names from Europe has occurred. Asian name sources have become more important, and Australia and Africa have begun receiving attention. North America as a source of breeds as well as a source of naming has occu...
AUTECOLOGY OF AN ULTRAPLANKTONIC SHADE ALGA IN LAKE TAHOE2

The ultraplanktonic green alga Monoraphidium contortum Korm. in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada) demonstrated several ecological and physiological attributes of a genetically adapted shade species. Monoraphidium contortum achieved maximum biomass during deep mixing in winter when light availability was at a minimum. During stratification it was found in maximum abundance in the deep euphotic region, 100–150 m. This species was also distributed through the deep aphotic zone where, despite prolonged darkness, it remained capable of immediate photosynthesis when re-exposed to light levels in the euphotic zone. The spirally twisted cells were grazed by two calanoid copepods in Lake Tahoe as readily as much larger-celled phytoplankton species of less complex morphology. Slow growth rates in combination with high susceptibility to copepod grazing may effectively exclude M. contortum from the upper 75 m, where it was rarely recorded. In culture it showed a marked incapacity to adjust to ‘sun’ conditions but was well adapted to low light regimes. Under a wide range of irradiances, photochemical capacity, photosynthetic capacity and growth rates were low, but cellular pigment content remained high. The ratio of Pmax to respiration was at the lower end of the range for shade plants. Genetically distinct sun and shade populations of phytoplankton may play a determining role in major shifts of community structure over depth and time in Lake Tahoe.
JAMSS: Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Simulation in Java

Summary: Countless proteomics data processing algorithms have been proposed, yet few have been critically evaluated due to lack of labeled data (data with known identities and quantities). Although labeling techniques exist, they are limited in terms of confidence and accuracy. In silico simulators have recently been used to create complex data with known identities and quantities. We propose Java Mass Spectrometry Simulator (JAMSS): a fast, self-contained in silico simulator capable of generating simulated MS and LC-MS runs while providing meta information on the provenance of each generated signal. JAMSS improves upon previous in silico simulators in terms of its ease to install, minimal parameters, graphical user interface, multithreading capability, retention time shift model and reproducibility. Availability and implementation: The simulator creates mzML 1.1.0. It is open source software licensed under the GPLv3. The software and source are available at https://github.com/optimus moose/JAMSS.
Thoracic abnormalities in tumorous-headDrosophila melanogaster

Developmental-genetic properties of thoracic abnormalities are described intumorous-head (tuh-1; tuh-3) Drosophila melanogaster. Approximately 7% of females from an unselected strain have abnormal thoracic appendages (primarily metathoracic) ranging from missing to duplicated. When multiple, these abnormalities are generally unilateral and contiguous. Results of reciprocal crosses indicated that, as with head defects, thoracic defects are maternally affected. A major modifier,enhancer of tuh-1, of the maternal effect shifts the distribution of thoracic defects anteriorly and increases the frequency of head defects. We suggest that thetumorous-head system illustrates a genetic influence over an anterior-posterior gradient inD. melanogaster.
On the Application of BGP Routing Views

In this paper, we present two applications of BGP routing views to the measurement of Web growth and the deployment of IP-based networks or services. A high efficient Importance Sampling approach is introduced to estimate the number of IP addresses of active Web servers, in which the entire IP address space is sampled based on the biasing density obtained from the NEXT-HOP attribute of the BGP data. Additionally the most active AS domains have been identified by exploring the AS-PATH attribute of the BGP routing dumps. This will help discover the approaches to route the IP data in the most efficient way possible.
Radiative energy receiver for high performance energy conversion cycles

An analysis of gas dynamic processes pertinent to the functioning of earth-based and space-based solar electric power plants is presented, with attention given to potassium vapor as the working fluid. A device is described which features focused photon absorption by a nontransparent flowing gas. The feed flow is effected around the outside walls of a cavity receiver to raise efficiencies by trapping reemitted energy. A theoretical study of the interaction of a photon flux with a coaxial particle flux was performed, with the receiver flow treated as a Graetz flow. The critical parameters were defined, including a figure of merit as the gas enthalpy increase to absorbable energy ratio. A small-scale laboratory model was tested in comparison with the theoretically obtained values. Less than 15% of the absorbed energy was lost through dissipation while an 80% conversion efficiency was attained.
Organizational Pathology Compared to What? Impacts of Job Characteristics and Career Trajectory on Perceptions of Organizational Red Tape

Early studies of organizational red tape emphasized that worker perceptions of organizational rules and procedures are dependent on workers’ frames of reference. However, most prior studies do not account sufficiently for how and why these reference points vary across employees, even if they work within the same or similar organizational contexts. While the effects of contemporaneous employee attitudes on perceptions of red tape have been considered in prior analyses, how do perceptions of organizational rules and procedures as red tape relate to workers’ prior career trajectories and occupational contexts? Variable norms and expectations across organizations as well as across the public and private sectors may produce different attitudes toward rules and procedures. Of equal import, current occupational characteristics are relatively unexamined in studies of worker perceptions of red tape. Using a survey of state level public managers, this paper examines how employees’ perceptions of red tape are mediated by their prior career trajectories and experiences, as well as by their occupational context. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Characteristics and evaporation history of fuel spray injected into crossflowing airstreams

A numerical calculation method is used to predict the variation in the characteristics of a fuel spray injected into high-temperature crossflowing airstreams, namely, the variation in Sauter mean diameter, droplet size distribution parameter N of the Rosin-Rammler distribution, and evaporation percentage of the spray <2EV with downstream distance X from the nozzle. The effects of the droplet heating period and forced convection on the evaporation process have been taken into account; thus, the calculation model is a good approximation to the process of spray evaporation in practical combustors, such as afterburner, ramjet, etc. The variations in the spray characteristics and evaporation percentage gEV with the downstream distance for different air velocities, pressures, temperatures, fuel injection velocities, and initial spray conditions are presented.
Business ethics in America: A view from the classroom

Abstract This article forms the second part of a continuing study on the role of business ethics in America. In the first part we explored the views of business executives; the second part analyzes the beliefs and values of business educators; and the third part will compare and contrast the responses from academic and business leaders.
Entanglement generation in the scattering of one-dimensional particles

This article provides a convenient framework for quantitative evaluation of the entanglement generated when two structureless, distinguishable particles scatter non-relativistically in one dimension. It explores how three factors determine the amount of entanglement generated: the momentum distributions of the incoming particles, their masses, and the interaction potential. Two important scales emerge, one set by the kinematics and one set by the dynamics. This method also provides two approximate analytic formulas useful for numerical evaluation of entanglement and reveals an interesting connection between purity, linear coordinate transformations, and momentum uncertainties.
Determination of Atypical Nonlinear Plasma–Protein-Binding Behavior of Tigecycline Using an In Vitro Microdialysis Technique

ABSTRACT Tigecycline, a novel glycylcycline antibiotic, shows atypical nonlinear plasma–protein-binding behavior using ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation techniques. The mechanism of such counterintuitive behavior is currently unknown. Ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation cause fractional change in protein concentration and therefore may influence plasma–protein binding. Microdialysis (MD), a novel technique, can sample unbound drugs without any change in fractional protein concentration. To determine whether the atypical nonlinear plasma–protein-binding behavior is not related to measurement technique, the plasma–protein binding of tigecycline was determined using MD. A sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the bioanalysis of tigecycline in the dialysate. The probe recoveries and plasma–protein binding of tigecycline at four different concentration levels 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL were determined. Similar to ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration, MD also showed atypical nonlinear plasma–protein-binding behavior of tigecycline up to 10 μg/mL, but unbound fraction increased at 100 μg/mL indicating saturation of mechanism responsible for atypical nonlinear behavior. This study concludes that the atypical nonlinear binding behavior of tigecycline is not technique-dependent, rather it is a true behavior of tigecycline. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanism.
Minimizing partial reconfiguration overhead with fully streaming DMA engines and intelligent ICAP controller (abstract only)

Configuration overhead seriously limits the usefulness of FPGA partial reconfiguration. In this paper, we propose a combination of two techniques to minimize the partial reconfiguration performance overhead. First, we design and implement fully streaming DMA engines to nearly saturate configuration throughput. Second, we exploit a simple form of configuration data redundancy to compress the configuration bitstreams, and we implement an intelligent ICAP controller to perform decompression at runtime. The results show that our design achieves an effective configuration data transfer throughput of up to 1.2 Gbytes/s, which actually well surpasses the theoretical upper bound of the data transfer throughput, 400 Mbytes/s. Specifically, our fully streaming DMA engines reduce the configuration time from the range of seconds to the range of milliseconds, a more than 1000-fold improvement. In addition, our simple compression scheme achieves up to 75% reduction of bitstream size and results in a decompression circuit with negligible hardware overhead.
Quasiparticle picture for the de Haas-van Alphen effect

Physical argumen s are given for the quasiparticle behavior observed in the de Hass-van Alphen effect. An upper limit to the maximum deviation from quasiparticle behavior which may be observed is given and the asymptotic behavior as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ is derived. These results indicate why the deviations from quasiparticle behavior might appear small, even for large magnetic fields. Misinterpretations of earlier work are clarified and an application of the picture to experiments on nearly ferromagnetic palladium-nickel alloys is made.
Grain boundary sliding, and the effects of particles on its rate

Grain boundary sliding can be conveniently studied by loading helical springs wound of wire with a “bamboo” structure. Such tests on pure silver coils show that identically-stressed boundaries slide at widely different rates, and that the sliding rate in any one boundary is very anisotropic. A grain boundary precipitate of hard particles (SiO2 or A12O3) slows down the sliding, and renders all boundaries identical, and isotropic (as far as grain boundary sliding is concerned). This can be understood if the grain boundary particles are thought of as hard pegs, around which silver must diffuse if sliding is to continue.
Salvage of the nucleic acid base queuine from queuine-containing tRNA by animal cells

Abstract The incorporation of queuine into tRNA and its fate upon tRNA turnover has been studied in the Vero and L-M cell lines. An assay was developed using [ 3 H]dihydroqueuine to detect the queuine acceptance and, thus, the queuine content of tRNA in intact cells. While L-M cells can use only queuine, Vero cells can use either queuine or its nucleoside, queuosine, to form queunine-containing tRNA. Since queuosine is not a substrate for the enzyme which incorporates queuine into tRNA, Vero cells must generate queuine from its nucleoside. When Vero cells are labelled with [ 3 H]dihydroqueuine, the half life of acid insoluble radioactivity is 52 days in queuine-free medium and 3.1 days in queuine-containing medium, indicating that [ 3 H]dihydroqueuine is salvaged from tRNA and reused by Vero cells, but that exogenous queuine can compete with the salvaged [ 3 H]dihydroqueuine. When L-M cells are labelled with [ 3 H]dihydroqueuine, the half life of the acid insoluble radioactivity is 1.2 days in the presence or absence of queuine, indicating the absence of queuine salvage in L-M cells.
Interrelationship of Estrogen Concentrations in the Maternal Circulation, Fetal Circulation and Maternal Urine in Late Pregnancy

The levels of estrone, estradiol-17β and estriol in plasma obtained from umbilical artery, umbilical vein, maternal brachial artery (or peripheral vein) and uterine vein have been estimated in a series of subjects at cesarean section and at normal delivery. Levels of estrone and estradiol-17β were higher in the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery, presumably reflecting secretion of these hormones by the placenta and subsequent metabolism by the fetus. Comparison of estrogen concentrations in maternal and fetal circulations showed that concentrations of estrone and estradiol-17β were 2–4 times higher in the maternal than in the fetal vessels, whereas the concentration of estriol in the fetal vessels was 9–12 times higher than in the maternal. These concentration differences were shown to exist generally across the placenta. They do not necessarily reflect concentration gradients. Concentrations of estradiol-17β and estriol are significantly higher in the uterine vein than in maternal brachial arter...
Capillary electrochromatography using continuous-bed columns of sol-gel bonded silica particles with mixed-mode octadecyl and propylsulfonic acid functional groups.

Abstract Continuous-bed columns containing sol–gel bonded 3 μm silica particles with mixed-mode octadecyl and propylsulfonic acid functional groups (ODS/SCX) were prepared by first packing the ODS/SCX particles into a fused-silica capillary, then filling the packed capillary with a siliceous sol–gel, curing the sol–gel, and finally drying the column with supercritical carbon dioxide. The performance of the sol–gel bonded ODS/SCX columns was evaluated for capillary electrochromatography using acetonitrile aqueous mobile phase containing phosphate buffer. The columns were mechanically strong and permeable. Both EOF velocity and current increased linearly with elevation of the applied electric field strength. The EOF velocity was high at low pH and nearly constant over a range of pH 2–9. Higher buffer concentration resulted in higher current and lower EOF velocity. The acetonitrile content had no significant effect on the EOF. Without thermosetting the column, no bubble formation was noticed with currents up to 2.5 μA. The minimum plate height of a 25/34 cm×75 μm I.D. sol–gel bonded 3 μm ODS/SCX column was 5.7 μm (1.75×105 plates per meter) at an optimum EOF velocity of 0.92 mm s−1. Mixtures of test aromatic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbon homologues gave symmetrical peaks when using a low pH mobile phase. The retention and elution order of aromatic compounds represented a typical reversed-phase separation mechanism similar to conventional ODS columns. The run-to-run and column-to-column retention factor reproducibility was better than 2.5% and 8.0% RSD, respectively.
Posttranscriptional regulation of collagenase‐1 gene expression in synoviocytes by adenosine receptor stimulation

Objective. To characterize the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of collagenase-1 by adenosine receptor stimulation in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Methods. FLS were stimulated with IL-1 and either the nonselective adenosine agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) or the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed to determine AP-1 and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) activation. Transcriptional activation was determined by transfecting HS68 dermal fibroblasts with a collagenasechloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct. Finally, collagenase messenger RNA (mRNA) half-life was determined by activating cells in the presence of IL-1, IL-1 + NECA, or IL-1 + forskolin and culturing cells in the presence of actinomycin D. Results. NECA and forskolin had no effect on AP-1 activation, c-jun or c-fos gene expression, or CREB phosphorylation. IL-1 markedly increased collagenase promoter activity, and neither NECA nor forskolin blocked this action. Studies of mRNA half-life showed that both NECA and forskolin decreased the half-life of collagenase mRNA in IL-1-stimulated FLS and HS68 cells. Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrate that NECA and forskolin decrease collagenase gene expression in FLS and dermal fibroblasts due to enhanced mRNA degradation.
Electromagnetic fields in general relativity: a constructive procedure

Abstract A new procedure for obtaining explicit solutions to Maxwell's equations in curved spaces is presented. The problem is reduced to solving one linear scalar wave equation. The formulation includes astrophysically important cosmological models, neutron star and black hole space-times.
Three-dimensional visualization of protein expression in mouse brain structures using imaging mass spectrometry

We have developed a method to visualize matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) data aligned with optically determinable tissue structures in three dimensions. Details of the methodology are exemplified using the 3-D reconstruction of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the corpus callosum of a mouse brain. In this procedure, optical images obtained from serial coronal sections are first aligned to each other to reconstruct a surface of the corpus callosum from segmented contours of the aligned images. The MALDI IMS data are then coregistered to the optical images and superimposed into the surface to create the final 3-D visualization. Correlating proteomic data with anatomical structures provides a more comprehensive understanding of healthy and pathological brain functions, and holds promise to be utilized in more complex anatomical arrangements.
The effect of insulating vertical walls on the onset of motion in a fluid heated from below

Abstract The initiation of natural convection in a fluid confined above and below by rigid perfectly conducting surfaces and laterally by rigid perfectly insulating vertical walls that form a rectangular shape is examined. The linearized perturbation equations are obtained and by appropriate non-dimen-sionalization, they are reduced to an eigenvalue problem. The Rayleigh number is the eigenvalue and is a function of two aspect ratios (width/height and depth/height). The problem associated with satisfying the no-slip boundary conditions on all surfaces is surmounted by using the Galerkin method. Results are obtained for aspect ratios ranging from 1 8 to 12. The results are compared with experiment and found to be in good agreement.
Doing, Allowing, and the State

The doing/allowing distinction plays an important role in our thinking about a number of legal issues, such as the need for criminal process protections, prohibitions on torture, the permissibility of the death penalty and so on. These are areas where, at least initially, there seem to be distinctions between harms that the state inflicts and harms that it merely allows. In this paper I will argue for the importance of the doing/allowing distinction as applied to state action. Sunstein, Holmes, Vermeule and others have presented influential arguments for the claim that where the state is concerned the doing/allowing distinction has no moral significance, even if it does elsewhere. I show that these arguments can be resisted. In doing so, I defend some important distinctions and principles that help us understand the state’s role in protecting people from harm.
Empirical Bayes Testing for Uniform Distributions with Random Censoring

Abstract In this article, we study empirical Bayes testing for uniform distributions based on randomly censored data. We construct an empirical Bayes test , and study its associated asymptotic optimality. It is shown that under some conditions on the prior distribution π, is asymptotically optimal and its associated regret converges to zero at a rate O(n -r/(r+1)), where r is a positive integer, depending on a condition on π and n is the number of past data available when the present testing problem is considered.
The role of atopy in occupational dermatoses

Hayfever was the commonest symptom of atopy among a group of 134 individuals who had been compensated for work-related skin disease in South Carolina. A history of previous eczema and a history of wool intolerance differed significantly between the group with contact dermatitis and the group with other work-related dermatoses. The role of atopy figured dramatically among the more serious cases, accounting for 93% of these cases resulting in job loss.
Control of “clean-up” behavior in a summer camp

The cabin cleaning behavior of eight emotionally disturbed children was studied by alternating phases of token or no token reinforcement. Experimental control of the target behavior was demonstrated when tokens, with backup prizes, were made contingent upon improved performance.
The Economic and Employment Impacts of Forest and Watershed Restoration

Globally, ecological restoration activities are increasing in response to environmental, economic, and cultural trends that value ecological capital for the services provided by healthy functioning ecosystems. To ensure continued investment in ecological restoration, practitioners and researchers need to identify links to the benefits accrued to society from ecological restoration practice and policy. Nonetheless, a recent review of published literature on ecological restoration concludes that the policy and socioeconomic contributions of ecological restoration are often ignored. To help fill this gap, we describe the policy context of a sustained program of forest and watershed restoration in Oregon, U.S.A. and report on three related studies on the market structure and resulting economic impacts of this program of work in Oregon. The first study examines the experiences of watershed councils (n = 52) in mobilizing human resources for ecological restoration. The second focuses on the businesses and firms (n = 190) that participate in Oregon's restoration economy. The third analyzes the employment and economic impacts from a sample of Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board restoration grants (n = 99). We found that the sustained program of restoration work in Oregon has conferred significant benefits to Oregon's economy. These impacts largely accrue to rural areas in need of economic development opportunities due to declines in traditional resource management activities. In addition to approximately 16 jobs supported per million dollars invested in ecological restoration, a sustained investment in restoration has created both new local organizational capacity in watershed councils and other community-based partners and business opportunities especially in rural Oregon.
Steady State Modeling of a Rotating Heat Pipe With a Composite Wick Structure

A steady state heat pipe model, capable of calculating temperature and pressure distributions in the working fluid of a rotating heat pipe, is described here. The model can predict the performance of rotating heat pipes with a round cross-section, containing an annular gap composite wick structure. In addition to straight heat pipes, with a longitudinal axis that may or may not coincide with the axis of rotation, the model also allows for simulation of bent heat pipes. Using this model, results are generated for a bent heat pipe proposed for use in cooling rotating machinery. For the bent heat pipe, the condenser and adiabatic sections coincide with the axis of rotation, while the evaporator consists of an off-axis eccentrically rotating component, and a bend that allows for portion of the evaporator to be nearly perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The presence of the composite wick allows for heat pipe operation in both the rotating and stationary operating modes. Model results for the stationary operating mode compare favorably to the steady state heat pipe analysis code HTPIPE [1]. These comparisons for the stationary operating limit are significant, since HTPIPE has been benchmarked against experimental heat pipe data for nearly 30 years. As the rotational speed is increased, the rotation induced forces are used to drive the liquid flow to the evaporator. At high rotation rates, the liquid recedes from the wick, and forms a thin layer against the inside wall of the heat pipe. The results show that when a stable liquid layer is formed against the wall of the pipe, the shear stress opposes the rotation induced forces acting on the liquid, and limits the magnitude of the pressure and temperature rises in the working fluid (from the values predicted using a hydrostatic approximation).Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Effects of Bone Matrix Components on Osteoclast Differentiation

When implanted subcutaneously in rats, devitalized bone particles (BP) elicit the differentiation of osteoclastic cells. Those cells can be distinguished from foreign body giant cells that form in response to particulate plastics. Osteoclast features iqAnclude resorption of the bone substrate, ruffled borders, calcitonin receptors, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, and modulation by bone active agents. To determine whether expression of these features depends on specific components of the matrix, we characterized the multinucleated cells that developed in response to osteocalcin-deficient BPs, particulate microcrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA), and HA containing 0.1% osteocalcin, collagen, or bovine serum albumin. Only those particles that contained mineral and osteocalcin were associated with osteoclastic cells. These studies support the hypothesis that osteocalcin may function as a matrix signal in the differentiation of osteoclasts.
The development of the eye muscles of the chick

The anlage of the abducens musculature appears first at 24–25 somites as a condensation situated dorsal to the mandibular arch. The anlage of the superior oblique grows forward from a mesodermal condensation situated in the maxillomandibular region, termed for convenience the maxillomandibular condensation. This last consists of three parts: (1) the anlage of the superior oblique: (2) the anlage of the abducens musculature, and, (3) an intermediate region. The intermediate portion of the maxillomandibular mass forms a condensation with which the anlage of the abducens musculature fuses. Its fate is, therefore, similar to that of the so-called ‘muscle E’ of elasmobranchs, which has been described as fusing with the lateral rectus. How much muscle is formed from the intermediate condensation in the chick has not been determined. The development of the pyramidalis and quadratus nictitans muscles, derivatives of the abducens complex, is described. The premandibular head cavities are replaced by solid mesodermal condensations, on the surface of which the anlagen of the oculomotor muscles appear. The premandibular mass expands laterally and anteriorly over the bulbus, carrying the oculomotor muscles to their respective positions on the bulbus. Portions of the premandibular and maxillomandibular condensations not involved in eye-muscle formation take part in the formation of choroid and sclera. The growth shiftings of the eye muscles are analyzed. The order of their appearance is commented upon.
Outcome of very-low-birth-weight infants: are populations of neonates inherently different after antenatal versus neonatal referral?

Postnatal transfer of high-risk infants to a neonatal intensive care unit has been an accepted medical practice for more than two decades. More recently, antepartum maternal referral for the smallest infants has been recommended to reduce infant mortality, morbidity, and long-term handicaps. The limited data available to compare in utero and postnatal transfer suggest that maternal risk factors may also influence antenatal referral. We evaluated antepartum maternal and postnatal infant referrals from five metropolitan Denver hospitals with level I facilities. Mothers who were referred to the tertiary perinatal center before delivery were more likely to have one or more high-risk conditions. The presence of a maternal risk factor (preeclampsia, antepartum bleeding, prolonged rupture of the membranes, or chorioamnionitis) was significantly more common in the maternal transfer group (p
Sublime Hunger: A Consideration of Eating Disorders Beyond Beauty

In this paper, I argue that one of the most intense ways women are encouraged to enjoy sublime experiences is via attempts to control their bodies through excessive dieting. If this is so, then the societal-cultural contributions to the problem of eating disorders exceed the perpetuation of a certain beauty ideal to include the almost universal encouragement women receive to diet, coupled with the relative shortage of opportunities women are afforded to experience the sublime.