cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling graphene layers and single-walled carbon nanotubes with regularized δ -function potentials

In this paper, a model is proposed to simulate the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons in a graphene layer and single-walled carbon nanotubes. We let the atomic potential of each carbon atom be replaced by a two-dimensional attractive regularized $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function and construct a honeycomb lattice of regularized $\ensuremath{\delta}$ functions to reproduce the band structure of a graphene layer and nanotubes. Our results are in good agreement with first principle calculations. We also use this model to calculate the electron wave functions of nanotubes with finite length. The results are also in agreement with first principle calculations. With the accuracy and simplicity provided by this model, it is a good candidate to study the interaction between the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons of nanotubes and electromagnetic fields in nonperturbative regime.
Quine’s Evolution from ‘Carnap’s Disciple’ to the Author of “Two Dogmas”

Recent scholarship indicates that Quine’s “Truth by Convention” does not present the radical critiques of analytic truth found 15 years later in “Two Dogmas of Empiricism.” This prompts a historical question: What caused Quine’s radicalization? I argue that two crucial components of Quine’s development can be traced to the academic year 1940–41, when he, Russell, Carnap, Tarski, Hempel, and Goodman were all at Harvard together. First, during those meetings, Quine recognizes that Carnap has abandoned the extensional, syntactic approach to philosophical analysis, an approach espoused in Carnap’s 1934 Logical Syntax of Language and that Quine endorsed his entire career. Second, Tarski presents Quine with a philosophically well-motivated reason to think that an apparently analytic discipline, arithmetic, could be synthetic; this reflects one of the central assertions found in “Two Dogmas” but not in “Truth by Convention.” I use this account of Quine’s development to resolve a dispute between Creath and Mancos...
Value of accelerated multimodality therapy in stage IIIA and IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Objectives This study was undertaken to assess accelerated multimodality therapy in patients with IIIA and IIIB non–small cell lung cancer in terms of toxicity, feasibility, response, survival, and recurrence (value) and to identify predictors of pathologic response and improved survival. Methods Between October 1994 and September 2000, a total of 105 patients with stage pIIIA (n = 78) or pIIIB (n = 27) non–small cell lung cancer were enrolled in a study of accelerated multimodality therapy, consisting of hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy (paclitaxel and cisplatin) followed by resection and postoperative chemoradiation. Multivariable correlates of pathologic response and survival were assessed. Results Toxic effects related to induction therapy necessitated hospitalization in 40% of patients (n = 42); treatment-related mortality was 9% (n = 9). With respect to feasibility, 100% of patients completed induction therapy, 93% (n = 98) of cancers were operable, 79% (n = 83) of cancers were curatively resectable, and 77% (n = 81) of patients completed all therapy. Sterilization of mediastinal nodes was similar ( P = .6) for pN2 (35%) and pN3 (30%) disease. Median, 2-year, and 5-year survivals were 27 months, 53%, and 32%, respectively. Locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, and both were seen in 6% (n = 6), 45% (n = 47), and 3% (n = 3) of patients, respectively. Pathologic response was not predictable. Nodal status predicted incrementally decreasing survival for patients with cancers downstaged to ypN0 or ypN1 (n = 35) versus ypN2 (n = 44) versus ypN3 (n = 20; P Conclusions Accelerated multimodality therapy is equally valuable in IIIA and IIIB non–small cell lung cancers. Despite unpredictable response to induction therapy, younger patients and those with nonsquamous histologic type, sterilization of mediastinal lymph nodes, and lower pT benefit most. A ypN2 stage reduces but does not preclude long-term survival.
Biochemical characterization of lysozymes present in egg white of selected species of anatid birds

The isolation of lysozyme from the egg white of several representative species of waterfowl is described. The purified lysozymes were analyzed in order to determine the type and molecular weight of each enzyme. All enzymes found in duck egg whites were found to be of the c-type. In contrast all true geese, the Mute Swan as well as the Northern Blackneck Screamer contain lysozyme g in their egg white.
Extended Monitoring of Oxygen Saturation in Chronic Lung Disease

The goal was to determine values of oxygen saturation from oximetry measurements over extended time periods in the context of prescribing or discontinuing supplemental oxygen. For group 1, when supplemental oxygen therapy was not in use, mean SpO2 values were significantly lower than when it was in use. Without supplemental oxygen, six of eight patients spent greater than 10 percent of the time at or below 88 percent saturation. For group 2, three of the nine patients spent 10 percent of the time at or below 88 percent SpO2. In 16 of 17 patients, lowest room air recorded values of SpO2 were less than 88 percent. We conclude that in many patients with chronic respiratory illness, prolonged monitoring of SpO2 will disclose the presence of hypoxemia. There may be substantial differences in health care cost and outcome depending upon the criteria chosen to prescribe or continue supplemental oxygen.
MSPrep--summarization, normalization and diagnostics for processing of mass spectrometry-based metabolomic data

Motivation: Although R packages exist for the pre-processing of metabolomic data, they currently do not incorporate additional analysis steps of summarization, filtering and normalization of aligned data. We developed the MSPrep R package to complement other packages by providing these additional steps, implementing a selection of popular normalization algorithms and generating diagnostics to help guide investigators in their analyses. Availability: http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/msprep Contact: ude.revnedcu@sehguh.tnarg Supplementary Information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distribution of IκB Proteins in Gastric Mucosa and Other Organs of Mouse and Gerbil

SUMMARY The NF- k B/I k B complex is a major transcription regulator of inflammatory and immune responses. Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa by inducing dissociation of the inhibitory I k B protein from the complex with a resulting increased expression of interleukin (IL)-8. To clarify which of several known I k B proteins could be involved in this inflammatory response, we undertook immunohistochemical examination of normal mouse stomach as well as other murine tissues for comparison, using polyclonal antibodies specific for a -, b -, g -, and e -isoforms of I k B. The results showed strong immunoreactivity for the a -isoform in parietal cells and for the b -isoform in pit cells of the stomach, along with the presence of these proteins in various other sites. Comparative staining revealed a similar but not identical distribution of I k B proteins in the Mongolian gerbil, a rodent model for H. pylori infection. The findings suggest that the a - and b -isoforms are dominant I k B proteins in gastric parietal and foveolar cells, respectively, and point to a role for these transcription regulators in modulating pathological responses in stomach and other organs. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:191‐199, 2000)
Kinematic formulas for finite lattices

In analogy to valuation characterizations and kinematic formulas of convex geometry, we develop a combinatorial theory of invariant valuations and kinematic formulas for finite lattices. Combinatorial kinematic formulas are shown to have application to some probabilistic questions, leading in turn to polynomial identities for Mobius functions and Whitney numbers.
A heterogeneous distributed file system

The demands on a heterogeneous distributed file system are outlined, and the design and implementation of a prototype to meet these demands are described. This prototype, the heterogeneous computer systems file system (HFS), provides a network-wide file system supporting a simple record-oriented file model. Through this standard file model, the HFS provides global access to files stored locally in many different file types. The HFS is implemented as a set of HFS servers, one running on each participating host. Each HFS server extends its host's local file system by fielding remote requests for files stored locally, translating those requests into the appropriate local file system calls, and returning any information so obtained. This prototype HFS implementation is used on a network composed of VAX systems running Unix, Sun systems running 4.2BSD Unix, and Xerox Dandelions running XDE. >
Discrimination in Terms of Moral Exclusion

This article tries to define what discrimination is and to understand in particular detail its most important instances: those in which the satisfaction of interests is at stake. These cases of discrimination will be characterized in terms of deprivations of benefits. In order to describe and classify them we need to consider three different factors: the benefits of which discriminatees are deprived, the criteria according to which such benefits are denied or granted, and the justification that such deprivation of benefits may have (or lack). This definition intends to present discrimination as a concept that may be useful not only to examine certain social phenomena, but also, more widely, to ethical theory in general.
THE VIEUX COLOMBIER AND THE CONTEMPORARY FRENCH THEATER

THE work accomplished by Jacques Copeau and his theater, the Vieux Colombier during the past decade represents one of the most interesting movements of contemporary dramatic art, not only for France but for all Europe. In order to gain a better perspective for understanding the significance of its reforms, let us first recall the revolutionary influence of Antoine's TheAtre Libre, founded exactly three decades earlier under curiously similar circumstances.
A Checklist to Identify Women at Risk for Developing Postpartum Depression

This article describes the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory, a checklist to identify women at risk for developing this devastating illness. Postpartum depression wreaks havoc not only on mothers, but also on their entire families. Researchers have reported that postpartum depression has a moderate to large adverse effect on mother-infant interaction. Children older than 1 year whose mothers had postpartum depression have been reported to display more behavioral problems and cognitive deficits than children of mothers who were not depressed. It is crucial to identify and treat women with postpartum depression as early as possible. This problem often continues due to lack of identification. Identifying women at risk and providing early treatment interventions are the first steps in dealing with this problem.
Biogeography of diseases: a framework for analysis

A growing body of literature offers a framework for understanding geographic and ecological distributions of species; a few applications of this framework have treated disease transmission systems and their geography. The general framework focuses on interactions among abiotic requirements, biotic constraints, and dispersal abilities of species as determinants of distributional areas. Disease transmission systems have key differences from other sorts of biological phenomena: Interactions among species are particularly important, interactions may be stable or unstable, abiotic conditions may be relatively less important in shaping disease distributions, and dispersal abilities may be quite variable. The ways in which these differences may influence disease transmission geography are complex; I illustrate their effects by means of worked examples regarding West Nile Virus, plague, filoviruses, and yellow fever.
Inhalation studies in rats exposed to dimethylacetamide (DMAc) from 3 to 12 hours per day.

ABSTRACTMale rats were exposed by inhalation from 10 to 300 ppm Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) for either 3, 6, or 12 hrs/day for a total of 10 exposures (5 exposures, 2 rest days, 5 exposures). Rats were observed daily for signs of DMAc-related effects, growth was monitored by body weights, clinical laboratory tests and microscopic examination of the liver, testes epididymides, and nasal passages were conducted. One half of the rats in each group was allowed a 14-day post-exposure period to evaluate the reversibility of DMAc-induced changes. No clinical signs of toxicity or DMAc-related gross changes at necropsy were seen in any of the rats although 1 rat exposed to 300 ppm for 12 hours per day died following the seventh exposure. Slight (< 5%) decreases in body weight gain were seen in rats exposed to 300 ppm for 6 or 12 hrs/day. Serum cholesterol levels were elevated in rats exposed to either 100 or 300 ppm (all exposure durations) and in rats exposed to 30 ppm for 12 hours. Total serum protein concentration...
A System Destabilized: Scholarly Books Today

In the last twenty years, economic, social, political, and technological forces have converged to produce an unstable present and an uncertain future for the scholarly monograph, the principal form of scholarly communication in the humanities and a form of importance in other areas. This article examines the concerns and problems of each of the interested parties: publishers, booksellers and librarians, readers, and authors. It emphasizes the interrelated character of the system.
Multi-rate convolution for LFM and NLFM

High resolution radar using linear frequency modulation (LFM) and non-linear frequency modulation (NLFM) transmit a wideband pulse to achieve a narrow range resolution. We consider digital multi-rate implementation of LFM and NLFM pulse compression. For the LFM case, we consider short-length fixed-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) within the multi-rate structure as a way to increase speed and reduce power while obtaining the ideal compression gain. It is shown that the multi-rate method is robust to the compression gain and suited for fixed-point processors. For the NLFM case, we reduce the number of match filter coefficients using the frequency selectivity of the filter banks while maintaining the desired performance parameters. For a particular case, we demonstrate that the complex multiplication per output sample per sub-band is smaller than an overlap-save fast convolution. Performance metrics and computational complexity of the NLFM multi-rate implementation are compared to the ideal case.
Preservice Special Education: Practicum Evaluation and Some Concerns:

Important issues pertaining to educating the preservice undergraduate special educator are discussed by critically analyzing so-called scholarly literature from a nontraditional, multidisciplinary perspective. Diagnostic-prescriptive teaching methodologies are found to be inadequate once again, and suggestions are provided to expand the field's consciousness level by using new and different information sources that are currently neglected by practicing professionals. A practicum-evaluation form is proffered as a sacrificial lamb to the reality of present day mainline/mainstream special education literature.
Non-homogeneous harmonic analysis: 16?years of development

This survey contains results and methods in the theory of singular integrals, a?theory which has been developing dramatically in the last 15-20 years. The central (although not the only) topic of the paper is the connection between the analytic properties of integrals and operators with Calder?n-Zygmund kernels and the geometric properties of the measures. The history is traced of the classical Painlev? problem of describing removable singularities of bounded analytic functions, which has provided a?strong incentive for the development of this branch of harmonic analysis. The progress of recent decades has largely been based on the creation of an apparatus for dealing with non-homogeneous measures, and much attention is devoted to this apparatus here. Several open questions are stated, first and foremost in the multidimensional case, where the method of curvature of a?measure is not available. Bibliography: 128 titles.
If you see something, swipe towards it: crowdsourced event localization using smartphones

This paper presents iSee, a crowdsourced approach to detecting and localizing events in outdoor environments. Upon spotting an event, an iSee user only needs to swipe on her smartphone's touchscreen in the direction of the event. These swiping directions are often inaccurate and so are the compass measurements. Moreover, the swipes do not encode any notion of how far the event is located from the user, neither is the GPS location of the user accurate. Furthermore, multiple events may occur simultaneously and users do not explicitly indicate which events they are swiping towards. Nonetheless, as more users start contributing data, we show that our proposed system is able to quickly detect and estimate the locations of the events. We have implemented iSee on Android phones and have experimented in real-world settings by planting virtual "events" in our campus and asking volunteers to swipe on seeing one. Results show that iSee performs appreciably better than established triangulation and clustering-based approaches, in terms of localization accuracy, detection coverage, and robustness to sensor noise.
Graphics displays for operator aid in telemanipulation

High-fidelity real-time computer graphics displays have been developed to provide operator aid in telemanipulation. The roles of graphics displays in teleoperation include task visualization, preview prior to actual execution, and predictive displays under communication time delay. A force-reflecting teleoperation simulation has been developed for operator training. A brief review is presented of preview and predictive displays, and a force-reflecting teleoperation trainer is described. >
Radiation damage of amorphous silicon photodiode sensors

The effect of /sup 60/Co radiation on the leakage current behavior of hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiode sensors has been investigated. These sensors, with an n-i-p construction, are identical to those used on two-dimensional, pixelated imaging arrays currently under development. Sensor leakage current is reported as a function of dose up to a cumulative dose of /spl sim/3/spl times/10/sup 6/ cGy. Following the irradiation, the effect of room-temperature annealing on the leakage current was quantitatively studied. Finally, sensor noise measurements prior to and after the irradiation are also reported. The implications of this study for radiotherapy imaging are discussed. >
Traumatic communication of the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath and antebrachiocarpal joint in two horses

Summary Two horses were examined due to lacerations at the level of the craniodistal antebrachii. Further evaluation of the lacerations revealed communication with the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath and potentially the antebrachiocarpal joint. Positive contrast arthrography performed via the palmarolateral pouch of the antebrachiocarpal joint was used to diagnose communication with the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath. Both the joints and tendon sheaths were treated aggressively with surgical debridement and lavage, followed by post operative medical management and rehabilitation. Both horses made a full recovery and are performing in their intended level of use with acceptable cosmetic results. Traumatic communication with the carpal joints should be considered when evaluating lacerations involving the forelimb extensor tendon sheaths.
LAUDERIA ANNULATA—A MARINE CENTRIC DIATOM WITH AN ELONGATE BILOBED NUCLEUS1

Lauderia annulata Cleve is probably unique among marine centric diatoms in possessing an elongate dumbbell-shaped nucleus. A lobe at, each end of the nucleus lies adjacent to each valve during interphase and each lobe resembles a typical eucaryotic nucleus. The central portion of the thin strand, which passes through the vacuole connecting the two lobes is Feulgen positive and is nuclear membrane bounded. A group of micro tubules occurs in this strand clustered excentrically between, the nuclear membrane and the tonoplast. Evidence for the coordinated functioning of both nuclear lobes is suggested, by the aggregation of chloroplasts around, both lobes when shade-adapted cells are exposed, to intense white or blue (400–500 nm) light.
Prognostic Scoring Systems for Infectious Diseases: Their Applicability to the Care of Older Adults

Physicians often make clinical predictions about individual patients. For many infectious diseases, published prognostic scoring systems (PSSs) can help predict relevant outcomes. Validated PSSs exist for the general adult population for diseases such as pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, and bloodstream infection. Although these PSSs have been rigorously derived and validated, they have limited value in the care of older adults, because most studies have involved a heterogeneous adult population with mortality as the primary end point. In the United States, the number of patients who are 65 years old is growing, and their health care costs are increasing. Assessment of clinical outcomes other than merely survival (i.e., physical functional ability, cognitive ability, need for nursing home care, and overall quality of life) is required for this population. Some pioneering work has been done to develop PSSs that specifically address the health care needs of older adults. This review will describe existing PSSs and explore areas of further investigation. Practicing physicians routinely make clinical predictions about individual patients, such as the risk of acquiring disease, the clinical outcome associated with disease, and the potential for disease recurrence. These predictions influence management
Benefits and limitations of tapping into stored energy for datacenters

Datacenter power consumption has a significant impact on both its recurring electricity bill (Op-ex) and one-time construction costs (Cap-ex). Existing work optimizing these costs has relied primarily on throttling devices or workload shaping, both with performance degrading implications. In this paper, we present a novel knob of energy buffer (eBuff) available in the form of UPS batteries in datacenters for this cost optimization. Intuitively, eBuff stores energy in UPS batteries during "valleys" - periods of lower demand, which can be drained during "peaks" - periods of higher demand. UPS batteries are normally used as a fail-over mechanism to transition to captive power sources upon utility failure. Furthermore, frequent discharges can cause UPS batteries to fail prematurely. We conduct detailed analysis of battery operation to figure out feasible operating regions given such battery lifetime and datacenter availability concerns. Using insights learned from this analysis, we develop peak reduction algorithms that combine the UPS battery knob with existing throttling based techniques for minimizing datacenter power costs. Using an experimental platform, we offer insights about Op-ex savings offered by eBuff for a wide range of workload peaks/valleys, UPS provisioning, and application SLA constraints. We find that eBuff can be used to realize 15-45% peak power reduction, corresponding to 6-18% savings in Op-ex across this spectrum. eBuff can also play a role in reducing Cap-ex costs by allowing tighter overbooking of power infrastructure components and we quantify the extent of such Cap-ex savings. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to exploit stored energy - typically lying untapped in the datacenter - to address the peak power draw problem.
Analysis of Mobile Survey and Suggestions for Future

The aim of this study is to identify the background of mobile survey, as well as analyze the advantages and dis advantages of the mobile survey, finally find out the problems and provide some suggestions for the future development. Most people hold an optimistic opinion on the current situation of mobile survey, especially with the rapid development of smartphones. This paper presents the introduction of current situation at the beginning, including the definition of mobile survey, the condition in which the mobile survey emerges and other basic information. Then author analyzes the merits and demerits of mobile survey, such like some shortage existing in the designing technologies, or the problems caused by the complex situation of market. Each part respectively includes three aspects to depict the details. Based on these premises, the author proposes some practical suggestions for the usage of mobile survey. For instance, consider the number of people who uses smartphones in different age into the survey sample. Finally, the author concludes this paper and expresses his own expectation for the future market of mobile survey.
The Pathology of Privilege: The Economic Consequences of Government Favoritism

The financial bailouts of 2008 were but one example in a long list of privileges that governments occasionally bestow upon particular firms or particular industries. At various times and places, these privileges have included (among other things) monopoly status, favorable regulations, subsidies, bailouts, loan guarantees, targeted tax breaks, protection from foreign competition, and noncompetitive contracts. Whatever its guise, government granted privilege is an extraordinarily destructive force. It misdirects resources, impedes genuine economic progress, breeds corruption, and undermines the legitimacy of both the government and the private sector.
Molecular Mechanism of Pin1–Tau Recognition and Catalysis

Human peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 plays key roles in developmental processes, cell proliferation, and neuronal function. Extensive phosphorylation of the microtubule binding protein tau has been implicated in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. For the past 15years, these two players have been the focus of an enormous research effort to unravel the biological relevance of their interplay in health and disease, resulting in a series of proposed molecular mechanism of how Pin1 catalysis of tau results in biological phenotypes. Our results presented here refute these mechanisms of Pin1 action. Using NMR, isothermal calorimetry (ITC), and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), we dissect binding and catalysis on multiple phosphorylated tau with particular emphasis toward the Alzheimer's associated AT180 tau epitope containing phosphorylated THR231 and SER235. We find that phosphorylated (p-) SER235-PRO, but not pTHR231-PRO, is exclusively catalyzed by full-length Pin1 and isolated PPIase domain. Importantly, site-specific measurements of Pin1-catalysis of CDK2/CycA-phosphorylated full-length tau reveal a number of sites that are catalyzed simultaneously with different efficiencies. Furthermore, we show that the turnover efficiency at pSER235 by Pin1 is independent of both the WW domain and phosphorylation on THR231. Our mechanistic results on site-specific binding and catalysis together with the lack of an increase of dephosphorylation rates by PP2A counter a series of previously published models for the role of Pin1 catalysis of tau in Alzheimer's disease. Together, our data reemphasize the complicated scenario between binding and catalysis of multiple phosphorylated tau by Pin1 and the need for directly linking biological phenotypes and residue-specific turnover in Pin1 substrates.
An Empirical Examination of Retired Police Officers' Length of Retirement and Age at Death: A Research Note

The purpose of this research note was to compare Detroit police officers with other City of Detroit employees in terms of the length of their retirements and the age at which they die. Data on reti...
Plasticity of Phenotypic Characters of Rabies-Related Viroses: Spontaneous Variation in the Plaque Morphology, Virulence, and Temperature-Sensitivity Characters of Serially Propagated Lagos Bat and Mokola Viruses

Rabies-related Mokola and Lagos bat rhabdoviruses produced heterogeneous plaque populations after growth in BHK/21 cells. Three plaque clones of each virus differed in plaque morphology, pathogenicity for mice, capacity for replication at elevated temperatures of incubation, and degree of inactivation by antiserum to rabies virus. Although each type of clone was thrice clone-purified, certain clones continued to produce diverse types of plaques; further selection of plaque variants revealed continuous spontaneous alteration of several phenotypic characters. Two Mokola clones yielded subclones of widely diverse plaque morphology; nonpathogenic clone no. 1 yielded both pathogenic and nonpathogenic plaque variants. Mouse-pathogenic Lagos clone no. 3 also yielded subclones differing widely in plaque morphology and temperature sensitivity. Several subclones of Lagos clone no. 3 were either apathogenic for mice or different from the parental virus in length of incubation period in vivo or in dose-response pattern of the death curve. All subclones of Lagos and Mokola virus retained antigens that cross-reacted with antiserum to rabies virus. Attempts to select or, induce variants that did not react with rabies antiserum were unsuccessful.
Semi-Active Vibration Damping Using Controlled Slipping in Joints

In the present work, semi-active concept for vibration suppression in a beam is investigated. A fixed-free beam with the semi-active joint at the clamped end is considered. The actuated joint is assumed to be capable of modulating friction in the joint by controlling normal load on the friction interface. The vibration of the beam resulting from assumed initial conditions is examined in the time domain for a range of clamping load levels. An analytical model of the system is developed and analyzed using numerical techniques. I. Introduction Friction is a desirable passive damping mechanism in many vibrating systems where active sources of damping are not available or difficult to realize due to several factors such as weight, cost or difficulty in implementation, which is typical of light space structures. The inability to change a passive control system dynamically to compensate for an unexpected loading or dynamically changing characteristics of the system renders it ineffective. Semi-active design combine the positive aspects of passive and active control design in that they are controllable (like the active devices) but require little power to operate. As energy is always dissipated, the semi-active concept is more stable than the fully active one and is insensitive with respect to the spillover problem and more effective than a purely passive approach. Joints are the major source of damping in structures having jointed connections due to friction. Friction in these joints if controlled can increase the inherent damping of the structures and thereby control the vibration response. 1-4
Abstract 61: Use of two-color fluorometric real-time PCR to develop molecular diagnostic tests with intrinsic quality control that augment cytomorphologic diagnosis of lung cancer.

Quantitative RT-PCR tests that measure transcript abundance of selected genes in clinical specimens promise to improve cancer diagnostic accuracy and enable “personalized medicine” through selection of the most effective treatment for each cancer. However, most clinical samples are Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and these yield sub-optimal RNA integrity. Thus, there is a need for qPCR tests with increased robustness that also have intrinsic quality control and low cost. To address this need, we developed qPCR methods that enable simultaneous measurement of each target gene and reference gene transcript relative to a known number of gene-specific internal standard (IS) molecules using two-color fluorometric analysis on real-time platform. For each gene, a competitive template IS was synthesized containing 4-6 nucleotide changes relative to the native template (NT). During PCR, NT or IS signal was quantified with sequence-specific FAM-labeled probe or Quasar 670-labeled probe, respectively. To optimize measurement sensitivity for analysis of highly degraded FFPE samples; a) each RNA sample was reverse transcribed (RT) with gene-specific primer and b) cDNA was pre-amplified with 18 PCR cycles in the presence of internal standards. Results obtained with pre-amp or no pre-amp conditions were highly correspondent. We conducted a validation study of this assay in 38 samples (10 malignant and 10 benign surgical FFPE tissues and 13 malignant and 5 benign fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples. Consistent with previous results in fresh frozen surgical samples, the lung cancer diagnostic test (LCDT) optimal cut-off value discriminated malignant from non-malignant tissues (p = 0.0009), had 92.9% specificity and 75.0% sensitivity, and a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.74-0.99). Based on these data, we expect that this quality-controlled two color fluorometric qPCR approach will enable reliable analysis of the LCDT and other promising qPCR-based molecular diagnostic tests in small degraded RNA extracted from clinical FFPE and FNA cell block FFPE samples. Citation Format: Jiyoun Yeo, Erin L. Crawford, Thomas M. Blomquist, Lauren M. Stanoszek, Rachel E. Dannemiller, Laura Jordan, Jill Zyrek, Luis de la Casas, James C. Willey. Use of two-color fluorometric real-time PCR to develop molecular diagnostic tests with intrinsic quality control that augment cytomorphologic diagnosis of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 61. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-61
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in pancreaticobiliary malignancy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are two malignancies that carry significant morbidity and mortality. The poor prognoses of these cancers are strongly related to lack of effective screening modalities as well as few therapeutic options. In this review, we highlight novel biomarkers that have the potential to be used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers. The focus of this review is biomarkers that can be evaluated on endoscopically-obtained biopsies or brush specimens in the pre-operative setting. We also provide an overview of novel serum based markers in the early diagnosis of both PDAC and CCA. In pancreatic cancer, the emphasis is placed on prognostic and theranostic markers, whereas in CCA the utility of molecular markers in diagnosis and prognosis are highlighted.
Transcutaneous monitoring of oxygen tension during one-lung anesthesia

Twenty adult patients were monitored with a transcutaneous oxygen tension sensor during one-lung ventilation. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane-oxygen or isoflurane-oxygen. The transcutaneous oxygen tension values accurately followed the trend of arterial oxygen tension (r = 0.94, n = 96, transcutaneous oxygen tension = 4.8 + 0.78 × arterial oxygen tension). The transcutaneous oxygen tension values averaged 80% of the arterial oxygen tension values (transcutaneous oxygen tension index = transcutaneous oxygen tension/arterial oxygen tension = 0.80 ± 0.18) (mean ± standard deviation). When one-lung ventilation was initiated, there was a progressive drop in transcutaneous oxygen tension which reached a minimum of 19 ± 10 minutes. The mean of the minimum transcutaneous oxygen tension and arterial oxygen tension values was 66 ± 44 torr and 83 ± 43 torr, respectively. This resulted in a mean alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of 515 ± 152 torr during one-lung ventilation. In eight patients, the arterial oxygen tension fell below 60 torr, 45 ± 9 torr. When two-lung ventilation was resumed, the transcutaneous oxygen tension and arterial oxygen tension values promptly rose to mean values of 342 ± 121 torr and 411 ± 103 torr, respectively in 9 ± 3 minutes. The transcutaneous oxygen tension monitor provided a continuous assessment of the patient’s oxygenation, gave early warning of potentially hazardous hypoxia, and permitted nearly real-time assessment of the efficacy of corrective therapies.
An ‘Idealism of Matter’

As I suggested at the outset of this part, there is in fact another direction in which Marx’s early criticisms of political economy could be taken, besides that which issues in his mature critique. This other direction is indeed the direction in which Marx himself took his criticisms in elaborating upon them at the time, and even much later he was often prepared to say that this was the direction in which he had actually gone - though I have tried to show that in fact he went along a completely unrelated route, which led to realizable ends, instead of imaginary ones. In any event, I think this is surely the direction along which one finds everything which is most specious and unrewarding in the Marxist tradition.
Gun Jumping: The Problem of Extraneous Offers of Securities

The central concept of the securities laws is that securities sold to the public be registered with the SEC. The registration provisions mandate certain disclosure while largely prohibiting any other dissemination of information about the issuer or its securities. Dissemination of such information during the registration process is called gun jumping. Although many scholars have written about mandatory disclosure, in the last thirty-seven years only two articles, in 1976 and 1977, have treated the restrictions on disclosure in any detail.In this Article, Professor Chiappinelli examines the current restrictions on the dissemination of information (which he calls "extraneous offers") in light of modern finance theories. Although controversial, these theories, the Efficient Market Hypothesis, Modern Portfolio Theory, and the Capital Asset Pricing Model, have been applied to other aspects of securities regulation, including mandatory disclosure, in the past few years. The Article proposes that non-fraudulent extraneous offers that are disseminated to the public should, with minor exceptions, be permitted. The Article analyses Congress's goals in enacting the registration provisions, the current statutory and regulatory scheme, the SEC's attitude toward extraneous offers, and the effect permitting such offers would have on investor protection.Professor Chiappinelli wrote this article while Associate Professor of Law at the University of Puget Sound School of Law.
Structural Racism and Supporting Black Lives — The Role of Health Professionals

Structural racism leads to increased rates of premature death and reduced levels of overall health and well-being — an epidemic affecting our whole society. As clinicians and researchers, we wield power, privilege, and responsibility for dismantling structural racism.
Integrating Methods : Aligning the Effects of Scale and Bias

This chapter examines the cognitive structure of design methods as an entry point to understand how disciplinary bias, issues of scale, and complex situations can be negotiated. Moving from the foundational structure of divergent and convergent thinking, the discussion is focused on the underlying frameworks and location of judgment criteria in design processes. These are the key to understand how diverse methods can engage each other across disciplinary bias and scales to align design outcomes. Ultimately, scaling methods is about the ability to transfer values between missions and goals to strategies and tactics within a design method.
Voltage Stability and Preventive Control in China

Abstract For the last two decades the rapid increase in power demands in China, stressed thetransmission and generation close to the security limits. In addition, the national interconnection and power sector restructure are also presenting challenges to power system security and stability. Combined with economic development, extreme high load increasing rate, long distance power transmission and HVDC links in recent years, voltage instability problem have drawn much attention than ever before. In this paper, the revised power system stability criteria related with voltage stability are presented. Philosophies and preventive control are introduced. Difficulties and unfavorable trends are presented and discussed.
The Dependence of Glomerular Capillary Hemorrhage Induced by Contrast Enhanced Diagnostic Ultrasound on Microbubble Diameter

Abstract A recently proposed two-criterion model for cavitational bioeffects in tissue with microbubbles (MBs) was tested. The glomerular capillary hemorrhage bioeffect was observed in rat kidney for contrast agent MB suspensions with mean diameters of 1.6, 3.1 and 5.5 µm. A diagnostic ultrasound machine was used at 3.6 MHz and 5.5 MHz for intermittent scans at power settings 2 dB apart. Petechial hemorrhage counts scored on the surface of the kidneys, and glomeruli were scored in histology. Thresholds for the petechial hemorrhage measurements were the same for the large and medium MB suspensions but substantially higher for the small MBs. For the histology, the medium MBs gave a higher threshold than the large MBs at 5.5 MHz. The pressure amplitude thresholds are in approximate agreement with theory, and the optimum MB size counterintuitively increased for increasing ultrasound frequency, as predicted. The two-criterion model of MB-associated capillary hemorrhage is supported.
Influence of Process-Induced Anisotropy and Synovial Environment on Wear of EBM Built Ti6Al4V Joint Implants

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is identified as an ideal solution to overcome challenges in design and manufacturing of complex components. However, the layered fashion of AM process result in directionally solidified microstructures on the system. The anisotropic surface texture will affect wear and corrosion resistance. The current study investigates tribological responses of AM-made Ti6Al4V for joint implant applications during the combined effect from synovial lubrication and process-induced surface structure on surface fatigue damage response. Electron beam melting was used to produce Ti6Al4V specimens and mechanical characterizations were performed using nanoindentation and micro bending tests to determine their mechanical properties. A series of pin-on-disk wear tests were performed to quantify sliding contact fatigue damage in three simulated synovial fluids with variable concentrations of bovine serum albumin and hyaluronic acid in the PBS solution. Physical properties of simulated synovial fluids were measured using a nanoindenter-based technique and correlated to fatigue wear response. The lower wear rate is found in greater protein concentrations. The results presented AM build direction significantly affects sliding fatigue wear resistance on TI6Al4V surface in all synovial environments.
The Analogical Cause

We often read, in the writings of St Thomas, of univocal as well as of non-univocal causes. Such an application of properties of signification to causes must be correctly understood, for predication implies universality and causes can be said to be universal in two widely different senses.1 For example, when assigning the efficient cause of a pair of shoes, we might say the shoemaker made them or that an artisan did. By proceeding in the direction of greater predicable universality (for candlestick makers are also artisans), we can be said to assign prior or more universal causes of the effect. It is the same man who is designated shoemaker and artisan in the example of the shoes, and to say that “artisan” is a prior or more universal cause means only that the cause is being denominated in a more universal, common and vague way. Causes, however, are sometimes said to be universal in quite an-other sense, this time with respect to a community of causality and not a community of predicability. In this second sense, unlike the first, the more universal cause is numerically different from the less universal cause. For example, the farmer is the less universal, the sun the more universal, cause of the crop.2
The effect of free-floating dendrites and convection on macrosegregation in direct chill cast aluminum alloys. Part II : predictions for Al-Cu and Al-Mg alloys

Abstract In Part I, a binary mixture model of the DC casting process was proposed, that accounts for fluid flow in the melt and mushy zone, as well as in a slurry zone characterized by the transport of solute-depleted, free-floating dendrites. In this paper, the model is applied to the DC casting of Al–4.5 wt% Cu and Al–6.0 wt% Mg billets, and the predicted surface-to-centerline distribution of macrosegregation is consistent with trends observed in DC cast ingots. These trends include the development of negative segregation at the centerline, subsurface solute enriched and depleted regions, and positive segregation at the billet surface. Negative segregation at the centerline increased with an increase in the packing fraction at which free-floating dendrites are presumed to coalesce into a rigid dendritic structure. Likewise, negative segregation at the centerline and positive segregation in the enriched region increased with an increase in the characteristic diameter of the free-floating dendrites.
Safeguarded ZigBee via WiFi Guard Band

Low power IoT suffers from performance degradation due to severe cross-technology interference (CTI) such as WiFi. In this demo, we present a novel ZigBee system that effectively maintains high reliability even under saturated WiFi traffic. This is achieved by placing a ZigBee packet on the guard band of ongoing, ambient WiFi traffic. Guard band is designed to be kept clear of interference from other WiFi, thereby safeguarding the ZigBee within. Our system effectively captures WiFi (802.11b) guard band on the fly, using physical layer information accessible on commodity ZigBee RF. We demonstrate real-time guard band detection and robust ZigBee communication, showcasing a practical pathway to operating low power IoT under excessive CTI.
Essential metabolism for a minimal cell

JCVI-syn3A, a robust minimal cell with a 543 kbp genome and 493 genes, provides a versatile platform to study the basics of life. Using the vast amount of experimental information available on its precursor, Mycoplasma mycoides capri, we assembled a near-complete metabolic network with 98% of enzymatic reactions supported by annotation or experiment. The model agrees well with genome-scale in vivo transposon mutagenesis experiments, showing a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.59. The genes in the reconstruction have a high in vivo essentiality or quasi-essentiality of 92% (68% essential), compared to 79% in silico essentiality. This coherent model of the minimal metabolism in JCVI-syn3A at the same time also points toward specific open questions regarding the minimal genome of JCVI-syn3A, which still contains many genes of generic or completely unclear function. In particular, the model, its comparison to in vivo essentiality and proteomics data yield specific hypotheses on gene functions and metabolic capabilities; and provide suggestions for several further gene removals. In this way, the model and its accompanying data guide future investigations of the minimal cell. Finally, the identification of 30 essential genes with unclear function will motivate the search for new biological mechanisms beyond metabolism.
Explaining The Slowdown In Medical Spending Growth Among The Elderly, 1999-2012.

We examined trends in per capita spending for Medicare beneficiaries ages sixty-five and older in the United States in the period 1999–2012 to determine why spending growth has been declining since...
Who gets what – and how efficiently? Assessing the spatial allocation of public goods:

Governments frequently face distributive pressures that can lead them to allocate resources along partisan or ethnic lines. Such patterns of distribution can run counter to welfare maximization. It...