cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lp approximation by quasi-convex and convex functions☆

Abstract In this article a problem of approximation from nonconvex sets is considered. Let Lp, 1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞, be the Lebesgue space of extended real functions on a compact real interval. Given a subset P of quasi-convex functions and a function ƒ in Lp, the problem is to find a best Lp-approximation to ƒ from P ∩ Lp. It is shown that if P is closed under pointwise convergence of sequences of functions, then a best approximation exists. Also investigated are properties of norm bounded subsets and convergent sequences of quasi-convex functions. Since convex and monotone functions are quasi-convex, the results are applicable to the problems of approximation from subsets of convex and monotone functions; in particular, the convex problem is analyzed in some detail.
Incidence and clinical evolution of postoperative deficits after volumetric stereotactic resection of glial neoplasms involving the supplementary motor area

OBJECTIVE We report the incidence and clinical evolution of postoperative deficits and supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome after volumetric stereotactic resection of glial neoplasms involving the posterior one-third of the superior frontal convolution. We investigated variables that may be associated with the occurrence of SMA syndrome. METHODS The postoperative clinical status of 27 consecutive patients who underwent resection of SMA gliomas was retrospectively reviewed. Neurological examination results were recorded 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. The extent of tumor resection, the percentage of SMA resection, violation of the cingulate gyrus, and operative complications were tabulated. RESULTS The overall incidence of SMA-related deficits was 26% (7 of 27 patients), with 3 patients having complete SMA syndrome and 4 patients having partial SMA syndrome. Two additional patients (7.5%) had other postoperative deficits, including one with mild facial weakness and one with transient aphasia. The resection of low-grade gliomas was associated with a higher incidence of SMA syndrome, an outcome that likely reflects more complete removal of functional SMA cortex in this subset of patients. Intraoperative monitoring localized the precentral sulcus within the preoperatively defined tumor volume in 6 (22%) of 27 patients, thereby precluding gross total resection. All 27 patients had excellent outcomes at the 6-month follow-up examination. CONCLUSION When the resection of SMA gliomas is limited to the radiographic tumor boundaries, the incidence and severity of SMA syndrome may be minimized. With the use of these resection parameters, patients with high-grade SMA gliomas are unlikely to experience SMA syndrome. These findings are helpful in the preoperative counseling of patients who are to undergo cytoreductive resection of SMA gliomas.
Careful What You Say: Media Control in Putin’s Russia – Implications for Online Content

This chapter outlines the practices of state control over Internet content in Russia and highlights their grounding in the information culture and media environment of the country. Building on existing data on freedom of the press and online censorship, the text explores the sociocultural context of Kremlin’s considerable influence on the Web. To this end, three relevant spheres of power relations are explored. The first one involves censorship and self-censorship routines embedded in the Russian information tradition. The second pertains to the state-controlled mainstream media where news goes through a political filter and the framing of Internet’s role in the Russian social life is predominantly negative. The third domain concerns local legislative frameworks and their selective application. The analysis suggests that most of the tools used to control objectionable materials on the Russian Web are not Internet-specific. Rather, they can be seen as a natural extension of the censorship mechanisms used in traditional media.
THE SEPARATION OF SIMPLE SUGARS BY CELLULOSE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY.

Abstract Several solvents previously used in paper chromatography for the separation of sugars were evaluated for use with cellulose thin-layer plates. Several simple sugars which were difficult to separate by one-dimensional chromatography on either paper or silica gel can be separated on cellulose using a solvent of formic acid—methyl ethyl ketone— tert. -butanol—water.
Denaturation of proteins in methanol/water mixtures

The solvophobic theory developed earlier by Sinanoglu introducing the use of molecular surface areas and microthermodynamic surface and interfacial tensions at molecular dimensions is applied to the interpretation of calorimetric data on denaturation of lysozyme in a wide range of methanol/water mixtures. The experimental values of standard unitary free energies of denaturation correlate well with our predictions. The molecular surface area change of the protein upon denaturation is evaluated using the solvophobic theory. The maximum in the stability of the native form of the protein is predicted to occur at 8% (v/v) methanol. This is found to be in agreement with the experimental results.
Associations of ECG interval prolongations with mortality among ESRD patients evaluated for renal transplantation.

Background It is unknown whether prolongation of electrocardiogram (ECG) intervals is associated with mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients evaluated for renal transplantation. Material and methods We examined the relationship between 12-lead ECG interval measurements (PR >200 ms, QRS >110 ms, or QTC >450 ms) and the presence of none, 1, and 2 or more ECG interval prolongations with all-cause mortality in 930 adult ESRD patients evaluated for renal transplantation from August 2006 to October 2008 and followed through November 2010. Results A total of 108 (11.6%) patients died after a median follow-up of 3.1 years. A stepwise increase in all-cause mortality occurred among adult ESRD patients with prolongation of 1, and 2 or more ECG intervals. In adjusted analyses, the rate of death in patients with at least 1 ECG interval prolongation was 69% higher than that of patients with no ECG prolongations (HR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.05-2.73). Patients with 2 or more ECG interval prolongations had a 2.5-fold increased likelihood of dying vs. patients with no ECG interval prolongations (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.38-4.82). Conclusions ECG interval prolongations are associated with higher mortality in patients evaluated for renal transplantation. The ECG is a potentially important evaluative tool for risk assessment in this population.
Diabetes Alters the Occupancy of the Hepatic 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Promoter

Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) protein and mRNA are substantially decreased in diabetic animals and rapidly restored by the administration of insulin. To begin to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms, measurements of transcription by nuclear run-on assays and an investigation of occupancy of the promoter were performed. The rate of transcription was substantially reduced in the diabetic rats and fully restored within 2 h after insulin treatment. In vivo footprinting revealed several areas of protein binding as shown by dimethyl sulfate protection or enhancement. The cAMP-response element was heavily protected in all conditions, including diabetes, feeding of dietary cholesterol, or statin treatment. Striking enhancements in footprints from diabetic animals were visible at -142 and at -161 (in the sterol-response element). Protections at a newly identified NF-Y site at -70/-71 were observed in normal animals and not in diabetics. This NF-Y site was found to be required for efficient HMGR transcription in luciferase assays. CREB-1 was able to bind the HMGR cAMP-response element in vitro and the promoter in vivo. This evidence supports an essential role for cAMP-response element-binding protein in transcription of hepatic HMGR and identifies at least two sites where in vivo occupancy is regulated by insulin.
A human tRNA synthetase is a potent PARP1-activating effector target for resveratrol

A human tRNA synthetase connects resveratrol to stress signalling. Many reports highlight the health benefits of resveratrol, a natural ingredient of grape skins and red wine. It is thought to extend lifespan and protect against a variety of diseases by initiating a stress response that induces survival genes. Here Mathew Sajish and Paul Schimmel present a 2.1 A co-crystal structure of resveratrol bound to the active site of human tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (TyrRS), an enzyme that translocates to the nucleus under stress conditions. They see that resveratrol inhibits catalytic activity and redirects TyrRS to a nuclear function, stimulating NAD+-dependent auto-poly-ADP-ribosylation of PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) and leading to the activation of key stress signalling pathways. This work suggests an alternative mechanism of action for resveratrol, additional to its binding and activation of the histone deacetylase SIRT1. Resveratrol is reported to extend lifespan1,2 and provide cardio-neuro-protective3, anti-diabetic4, and anti-cancer effects3,5 by initiating a stress response2 that induces survival genes. Because human tyrosyl transfer-RNA (tRNA) synthetase (TyrRS) translocates to the nucleus under stress conditions6, we considered the possibility that the tyrosine-like phenolic ring of resveratrol might fit into the active site pocket to effect a nuclear role. Here we present a 2.1 A co-crystal structure of resveratrol bound to the active site of TyrRS. Resveratrol nullifies the catalytic activity and redirects TyrRS to a nuclear function, stimulating NAD+-dependent auto-poly-ADP-ribosylation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Downstream activation of key stress signalling pathways are causally connected to TyrRS–PARP1–NAD+ collaboration. This collaboration is also demonstrated in the mouse, and is specifically blocked in vivo by a resveratrol-displacing tyrosyl adenylate analogue. In contrast to functionally diverse tRNA synthetase catalytic nulls created by alternative splicing events that ablate active sites7, here a non-spliced TyrRS catalytic null reveals a new PARP1- and NAD+-dependent dimension to the physiological mechanism of resveratrol.
Electrical and magnetic properties of Pd 2 MnIn, Pd 2 MnSn, Cu 2 MnAl, and Cu 2 NiSn Heusler alloys

Results are described for the field and temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and transverse magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and diamagnetic Heusler alloys. The experiments cover the approximate ranges 2-300 K and 0-4.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{Am}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, with supporting measurements of the magnetization in the ranges 4-300 K and 0-1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{Am}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A qualitative interpretation is given of the general behavior of electron transport and leads to information about the microscopic scattering mechanisms involved, but some features remain unexplained.
Simulation model for journal subscription by libraries

In the context of empirical work on the determinants of journal prices by several authors, the present article considers a simulation model of the evolution of library subscriptions when some costs increase for exogenous reasons. Journal costs are thought to consist of first-copy costs and additional copy costs ; when costs rise, subscription prices are increased by publishers and some libraries, being faced with fixed budgets, cancel some subscriptions. Publishers then find that the price charged is not correct and increase subscription prices again. This iterative process ultimately terminates in a new equilibrium that is characterized by significant erosion of total subscriptions. In one variant of the model, publishers may own more than one journal, and if they do, they realize economies of scope. The effect of various parameters on the final equilibrium is considered. The percentage of costs accounted for by first-copy costs has no significant influence, but the profit made by publishers does : The higher the profit that publishers attempt to maintain, the lower is the erosion of subscriptions. A key element in the process is the algorithm employed by libraries to decide which journal subscriptions to cancel ; when they cancel on the basis of the cost of the journal or the importance of the journal, many more journals go entirely out of business than when cancellation is essentially random. The final conclusion is that while the precise outcome depends on the parameters of the model, the erosion in subscriptions can be extremely severe.
Gemcitabine combined with docetaxel for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma.

Purpose. To assess the efficacy and toxicity of combination therapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Patients and Methods. Thirty-four patients with unresectable stage III, IVA, and IVB pancreatic carcinoma were eligible for this study. The first 18 patients received gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, and 15 and docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV on day 1, repeated every 28 days. Due to a high incidence of myelosuppression in this first group, the treatment schedule was modified in the remaining patients to gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 IV and docetaxel 40 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day schedule. The primary study endpoints were objective response rate and duration of survival. Results. Ten of 33 evaluable patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 30.3% (95% CI, 16.21%–48.87%). Partial responses noted in the pancreas and a variety of metastatic sites were maintained for 4 to 12 months (median 6 months). Twelve additional ...
Effects of Race and Gender on Teachers' Perception of the Social Behavior of Elementary Students.

This article examines the combined effects of race and gender on teachers' perceptions of students' social behaviors. A sample of 984 Black and White teachers who rated 6- to 11-year-old Black and White children was drawn from the data of Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). Analysis of covariance was conducted separately for White and Black male and female teachers at three levels: overall, subscale, and item levels. Findings suggest that teachers' perceptions of student social behaviors are a result of complex interactions of students 'and teachers 'race and gender Female teachers perceived female students more positively regardless of teachers' race. White female teachers perceived White students more positively the same way that they perceived White male students more positively than Black male students, but Black female teachers made no distinction. Cultural congruence theory is applied to interpret the findings, and three major recommendations are made.
Liver Disease in Pregnancy and Fetal Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects

Abstract Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (the HELLP syndrome) are serious disorders of the third trimester with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, several clinical observations have demonstrated an association between these maternal syndromes and a recessively inherited fatty acid oxidation disorder, long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency. Many women who carried LCHAD-deficient fetuses developed maternal liver disease. Over the past few years, we and others have made significant progress in understanding the molecular basis for this fetal–maternal interaction. Here, we review the studies in literature that led to the establishment of this causative association with particular emphasis on the molecular analysis that delineated the molecular basis of this association. The likely mechanisms for the genotype–phenotype correlations in pediatric LCHAD deficiency and the fetal–maternal interaction are discussed. Finally, the potential implications of our current knowledge for families with pediatric LCHAD deficiency and for women who develop AFLP and HELLP syndrome are discussed.
The hetp of an unretained component of fluid flow in a coiled round pipe

Abstract When poiseuille flow occurs in an open-tubular curved pipe, the secondary currents created by centrifugal forces within the primary current cause a lowering of the HETP of the primary current for samples carried along. An expression is developed for th e first approximation of this effect,which is represented by a term proportional to the fourth power of the primary flow. The calculations are made for the less involved case of a circular pipe with retentionless walls, and serve to show that, while measurable effects can be expected for relatively high flow-rates, the effect is negligible in the case of the relatively slow flows of liquids at which optimal chromatographic separations are obtained.
Composite filters implemented on LCDs

Composite filters offer one solution to the problem of scanning numerous filters to find a single target at any aspect, orientation, or configuration. Many different techniques for generating composite filters exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Liquid crystal televisions are an increasingly popular choice for spatial light modulators and are characterized by a coupled phase and amplitude response. The coupled response can cause a problem if not accounted for, however, it can also be used to more closely approximate the desired filter response. This paper will present the results of using optimally encoded composite filters on a LCTV for optical pattern recognition applications.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Polymeric Schiff Bases. XVII. Azomethine Copolymers

Abstract Tractable azomethine copolymers are difficult to prepare by solution processes. Melt-polymerization techniques have been used to synthesize random, block, and graft azomethine copolymers in which the repeating units correspond to units derived from either A-B monomers or a pair of A-A and B-B monomers. Not all systems yielded tractable copolymers, and these limitations are discussed. The block copolymers are prepared readily by the reaction of appropriate insoluble oligomers with monomers or by the reaction of two different fusible oligomers. The thermal stabilities of the copolymers are high and comparable to azomethine homopolymers.
The effect of elective cesarean delivery and intrapartum infection on fetal lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to HIV infection

Abstract Objective: Mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus may be reduced with elective cesarean delivery before labor. Because immune activation enhances the human immunodeficiency virus infection, we hypothesized that fetal lymphocytes that are obtained at elective cesarean delivery may be less activated, therefore less susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus infection than cells that are obtained after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at term. A second hypothesis was that intrapartum infection correlates with increased lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Study Design: Samples were obtained after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (n = 13), elective cesarean delivery (n = 12), chorioamnionitis (n = 5), and preterm labor (n = 6). Activation markers were measured by flow cytometry, and cord blood mononuclear cells were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Results: Cell activation was comparable within the normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and elective cesarean delivery groups; there was no difference in susceptibility to in vitro human immunodeficiency virus infection. Intrapartum infection (chorioamnionitis, preterm labor) was associated with increased cell activation. Chorioamnionitis/preterm labor also tended to increase cord blood mononuclear cell susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Conclusion: Labor did not activate fetal lymphocytes or alter susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with elective cesarean delivery. Intrapartum infection was associated with cell activation, and there was a trend toward increased susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection. These data suggest that fetal lymphocyte activation correlates with susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection and may account for the increased mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus that has been seen in association with chorioamnionitis and preterm labor. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1283-9.)
Transmission patterns of eukaryotic transposable elements: arguments for and against horizontal transfer.

Recent studies have demonstrated that several classes of transposable elements are widely distributed within eukaryotes. Horizontal transmission of these transposable elements has often been invoked In order to explain the observed variation and relationships within and between species. These same patterns of variation and relationships, however, may originate from processes that do not involve the lateral transfer of genetic material across species.
Equifinality in parameterization of process‐based biogeochemistry models: A significant uncertainty source to the estimation of regional carbon dynamics

[1] Numerical biogeochemistry models suffer from equifinality problem in their parameterizations using eddy flux tower data, which can contribute to diverged estimates of regional carbon dynamics. To date, the uncertainty in regional estimates propagated from the site-level parameterization equifinality has not been well characterized. Here, we use a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), and a Bayesian inference framework to quantify the influence of parameterization equifinality on the estimates of carbon dynamics in boreal forest ecosystems during the 20th century. By conducting three groups of ensemble regional simulations, we find that, given a certain climate data set being used, (1) in comparison to the effects of random noises in climate forcing, the regional uncertainty due to parameterization equifinality is remarkably greater, (2) the parameterization equifinality results in drastically different decadal variations in the estimation of carbon storage during the 20th century, and (3) the uncertainties associated with parameterization equifinality and random noises in climate forcing vary both spatially and seasonally. We conclude that the equifinality from site-level parameterizations in biogeochemistry models is an important uncertainty source in estimating regional carbon dynamics. Simply extrapolating the site-level parameterization to large spatial and temporal scales could bias the regional estimates irrespective of regional climate data sets used in our analysis. Ensemble process-based biogeochemistry model simulations conditioned on observed ecosystem fluxes with Bayesian inference techniques could provide more serious estimates of regional carbon dynamics and their associated uncertainties.
What is the optimal speed limit on freeways

Abstract When choosing his speed, a driver faces a trade-off between private benefits (time savings) and private costs (fuel cost and own damage and injury). Driving faster also has external costs (pollution, adverse health impacts and injury to other drivers). This paper uses large-scale speed limit increases in the western United States in 1987 and 1996 to address three related questions. First, do the social benefits of raising speed limits exceed the social costs? Second, do the private benefits of driving faster exceed the private costs? Third, what is the optimal speed limit? I find that a 10 mph speed limit increase on highways leads to a 3–4 mph increase in travel speed, 9–15% more accidents, 34–60% more fatal accidents, and elevated pollutant concentrations of 14–24% (carbon monoxide), 8–15% (nitrogen oxides), 1–11% (ozone) and 9% higher fetal death rates around the affected freeways. Using these estimates, I find that the social costs of speed limit increases are two to seven times larger than the social benefits. In contrast, many individual drivers would enjoy a net private benefit from driving faster. Privately, a value of a statistical life (VSL) of $6.0 million or less justifies driving faster, but the social planner's VSL could be at most $0.9–$2.0 million to justify higher speed limits. I conclude that the optimal speed limit was lower, but not much lower, than 55 mph.
Non-Concurrent On-Line Testing Via Scan Chains

With operational faults becoming the dominant cause of failure modes in modern VLSI, widespread deployment of on-line test technology has become crucial. In this paper, we present a non-concurrent on-line testing technique via scan chains. We discuss the modifications needed in the design so that it can be tested on-line using our technique. We demonstrate our technique on a case study of a pipelined 8 x 8 multiply and accumulate unit. The case study shows that our technique is characterized by high error coverage, moderate hardware overhead, and negligible time redundancy.
Perceptions of relationship with father and sex-typed characteristics of offspring

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relations between the perceived quality of the relationship with father and instrumentality and expressiveness among offspring. Participants were 43 male and 43 female, single, college students, between the ages of 17 and 21. They responded to two measures of relationship quality and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results show that a close relationship with father was related to greater instrumentality in daughters.
Putting Saban English on the map: A descriptive analysis of English language variation on Saba

Small Caribbean islands offer a unique venue for examining principles of language contact and sociolinguistic variation. Only recently, however, has the use of acoustics-based analysis been incorporated as a tool for the phonological description and analysis of Caribbean varieties. This study offers the first empirical description and analysis of the English spoken on the island of Saba, a Dutch municipality located in the Eastern Caribbean. Data come from 22 sociolinguistic interviews with long-term residents conducted on Saba in 2012. Phonological and morphosyntactic features are analyzed with respect to the interrelationship between effects from community, ethnicity, and generation. Overall, this study contributes to the important process of phonological and morphosyntactic documentation of lesser-known Caribbean varieties, highlighting the usefulness of acoustics-based and statistical analyses in such processes.
Dopamine, but not glutamate, receptor blockade in the basolateral amygdala attenuates conditioned reward in a rat model of relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior

Rationale: Following chronic cocaine self-administration and extinction, lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) will significantly attenuate responding for secondary reward (tone + light previously paired with cocaine), without disrupting lever responding for primary reward. However, the specific neurotransmitters involved in conditioned reinstatement remain to be determined. Objective: In the present study, we examined possible receptor substrates of amygdalar regulation of conditioned reinstatement after chronic cocaine self-administration. Methods: Rats were allowed 2 weeks of 3-h daily sessions of cocaine self-administration along a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule. After 1 week of daily 3-h extinction sessions in which no programmed consequences occurred, selective antagonists of glutamate or dopamine (DA) receptors were bilaterally infused at single doses into the BLA prior to testing for a cocaine-conditioned reward (tone + light). Following three more days of extinction trials, receptor antagonist effects on reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in the absence of the conditioned stimulus were determined. Results: Infusion of an NMDA receptor antagonist (AP-5, 1.97 µg/side), a kainate/α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist (CNQX, 0.83 µg/side), or both drugs together had no significant effects on conditioned reward or reinstatement of cocaine self-administration. In contrast, infusion of a DA D1 receptor antagonist (SCH-23390, 2 µg/side) or a combination of SCH-23390 and a DA D2/D3 receptor antagonist (raclopride, 5 µg/side) significantly reduced responding for conditioned reward, but did not affect cocaine self-administration. Raclopride alone was without effect on either test day. Conclusions: These results suggest that conditioned reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior is dependent on amygdalar D1 receptors.
Spindle and epithelioid cell nevi in the adult. Clinicopathologic report of 26 cases

The spindle and epithelioid cell nevi occur in adults rarely but should not be confused with malignant melanomas. One criteria for differentiation is the homogeneity of the spindle cell nevus. Twenty-six of these lesions in adults were essentially similar histologically to those in children. Clinically the distribution also compares but the lesions tended to be more pigmented and often feared to be malignant. The nevus may arise de novo in adult life or may have been present since childhood and then grow and increase in pigmentation. In no instance was spontaneous ulceration present. The pure spindle cell nevus is the most frequent whereas pure spindle cell melanomas are rare. Pure epithelioid cell nevi were not found in adults. Adequate local excision is the treatment of choice. Local recurrence may follow inadequate excision but is not evidence of malignancy.
Life history, immature morphology and adult behavior ofTelenomus solitus [Hymenoptera: Scelionidae]

The results of laboratory studies on the life history, morphology of immature stages, effects of food and water on adult longevity, host age preference for oviposition, parthenogenesis, and adult behavior ofTelenomus solitus Johnson are presented.Telenomus solitus completed its development in 10.8 days (egg, 0.3 day; 1st instar, 2.7 days; 2nd instar, 3.7 days; and pupa, 4.1 days). The adults lived longest when provided with both honey and water. Without food, they survived less than 24 h. Parasitization of host eggs varied significantly with their age, being highest in 42 h old eggs. Fewer than 10% of eggs older than 60 h were parasitized successfully. The periodicity of oviposition was unimodal; it occurred throughout the 24 h period and peaked in the late photophase. Females ofT. solitus are arrhenotokous. The behavioral sequences during courtship, mating, and oviposition are described.
SCATTERING OF DRESSED NUCLEONS IN THE NUCLEAR MEDIUM

The scattering process of nucleons in nuclear matter is studied. After a review of the conventional asymptotic analysis of the two-body propagator in coordinate space, the modifications of this analysis due to the dressing of the scattering nucleons is developed. While the scattering energy singles out a unique (on-shell) momentum in the relative wave function of free or mean-field nucleons, this uniqueness is lost for dressed nucleons. The resulting distribution of momenta in the corresponding relative wave function leads to a localization in coordinate space of the influence of the scattering process on the relative motion of nucleons. An analytic approximation to the noninteracting propagator of the dressed nucleons is utilized to illustrate these points. As a consequence of the localization the scattered wave is damped and the particles no longer remember their scattering event beyond some finite distance.
Synthesis of a Benzodiazepine-Derived Rhodium NHC Complex by C−H Bond Activation

The synthesis and characterization of a Rh(I)-NHC complex generated by C-H activation of 1,4-benzodiazepine heterocycle are reported. This complex constitutes a rare example of a carbene tautomer of a 1,4-benzodiazepine aldimine stabilized by transition metal coordination and demonstrates the ability of the catalytically relevant RhCl(PCy{sub 3}){sub 2} fragment to induce NHC-forming tautomerization of heterocycles possessing a single carbene-stabilizing heteroatom. Implications for the synthesis of benzodiazepines and related pharmacophores via C-H functionalization are discussed.
Stochastic integer programming models for reducing wastages and shortages of blood products at hospitals

Major challenges in the management of the blood supply chain are related to the shortage and wastage of the blood products. Given the perishable characteristics of this product, storing an excessive number of blood units on inventory could result on the wastage of this limited resource. On the other hand, having shortages may result in cancellations of critical health related activities and as a result a potential increase on fatality rates at hospitals.This paper presents integer programming models to minimize the total cost, shortage and wastage levels of blood products at a hospital within a planning horizon. The primary focus is on the red blood cells and the platelet components of the whole blood cells. The stochastic and deterministic models included consider uncertain demand rates, demand for two types of patients, and crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio. Results show wastage rates decreasing from 19.9% to 2.57% on average. In addition, the shortages and total cost are reduced 91.43% and 20.7% respectively for a given capacity increases. Computational results are included and discussed.
From Volitionalism to the Dual Aspect Theory of Action

Volitionalism is a theory of action motivated by certain shortcomings in the standard causal theory of action. However, volitionalism is vulnerable to the objection that it distorts the phenomenology of embodied agency. Arguments for volitionalism typically proceed by attempting to establish three claims: (1) that whenever an agent acts, she tries or wills to act, (2) that it is possible for volitions to occur even in the absence of bodily movement, and (3) that in cases of successful bodily actions the relation between volition and bodily movement is causal. I defend an argument for the second of these claims from an objection by Thor Grunbaum, but I show that several volitionalist arguments for the third are not compelling. I then argue that the dual aspect theory of action provides a better account of the relationship between an agent’s volition and the bodily movements she makes when she acts, insofar as it has the same advantages over the standard story as volitionalism without being open to the phenomenological objection. I also defend the dual aspect theory from an objection by A.D. Smith. Finally, I show why the dual aspect theory of action is a better alternative to volitionalism than the theory of action recently put forward by Adrian Haddock. In order to avoid the phenomenological objection Haddock suggests a disjunctive account of bodily movements. While disjunctivism should be taken seriously in the philosophy of action, on the dual aspect theory it is the category of volition, rather than bodily movement, that should receive a disjunctive analysis.
Is there a role for high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of hepatic regimen-related toxicity?

Is there a role for high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of hepatic regimen-related toxicity?
Self-Aligned Micro Bubble Arrays by Using Surface Tension

This paper describes the theory and experiments involve in the capture of bubbles onto a patterned surface. Guided by surface free energy, bubbles can automatically attach to the energetically favorable locations (bubble-traps) and align into bubble arrays. Bubble capturing potential φbc is proposed as the quantity to evaluate the surface’s “affinity” for bubbles. A bubble-trap can therefore be viewed as an area with locally maximum positive φbc . Two types of bubble-traps are proposed and evaluated. Type I bubble-traps are hydrophobic patterns on a hydrophilic flat surface. Type II bubble-traps are concave conic pits surrounded by a hydrophilic flat surface. Simulation of bubble capturing potential φbc explains the bubble-capturing behavior for both cases and predicts a better performance for type II bubble-traps. Experiments agree well with the theoretical prediction and suggest promising applications.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Crystal Structure of Stilpnomelane Part I. The Subcell

Ferric-iron stilpnomelane is triclinic, space group Pl, a = 21.724 A, b = 21.724 A, c = 17.740 A, α = 124.14°, β = 95.86°, γ = 120,0°, Z = 16. The structure is dominated by a subcell for which as = 1/4a, bs = 1/4b, cs = 1/4c, αs = α, βs = β, γs = γ. The subcell reflections have h-k = 3n, and have a trigonal intensity distribution. The structure was determined from Patterson projections and by trial and error. Three-dimensional refinement by least squares gave an it! factor of 14.4 per cent for 296 reflections. Stilpnomelane is a layer structure, having five anion and five cation planes parallel to (001). An iron-rich octahedral sheet is flanked by two tetrahedral sheets. The tetra-hedral sheets differ from those found in the common layer silicates in that adjacent tetrahedra point in opposite directions. Each tetrahedral sheet has 1.25 tetrahedra pointing toward the octahedral sheet, and 0.75 tetrahedra pointing away. Detail in the tetrahedral sheet cannot be determined from the subcell reflections only.
NMR double resonance study of azidoferricytochrome C.

Abstract An NMR double resonance study of a mixture of ferricytochrome c and azidoferricytochrome c reveals the presence of an exchange of azide ions between the protein molecules. Irradiation of one of the several resolved methyl resonances from ferricytochrome c cross saturates a correspondingly unique resonance of azidoferricytochrome c and vice versa. The hyperfine shifted resonances of azidoferricytochrome c are thus correlated with those of ferricytochrome c and assigned to porphyrin ring methyls. “On-Off” rates for the azide ion are determined.
Using stable MutS dimers and tetramers to quantitatively analyze DNA mismatch recognition and sliding clamp formation

The process of DNA mismatch repair is initiated when MutS recognizes mismatched DNA bases and starts the repair cascade. The Escherichia coli MutS protein exists in an equilibrium between dimers and tetramers, which has compromised biophysical analysis. To uncouple these states, we have generated stable dimers and tetramers, respectively. These proteins allowed kinetic analysis of DNA recognition and structural analysis of the full-length protein by X-ray crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering. Our structural data reveal that the tetramerization domains are flexible with respect to the body of the protein, resulting in mostly extended structures. Tetrameric MutS has a slow dissociation from DNA, which can be due to occasional bending over and binding DNA in its two binding sites. In contrast, the dimer dissociation is faster, primarily dependent on a combination of the type of mismatch and the flanking sequence. In the presence of ATP, we could distinguish two kinetic groups: DNA sequences where MutS forms sliding clamps and those where sliding clamps are not formed efficiently. Interestingly, this inability to undergo a conformational change rather than mismatch affinity is correlated with mismatch repair.
Enzymatic Identification of Fish Products

Comparative enzymological techniques were used to distinguish between the muscle lactate dehydrogenases of 26 fish species. Intergeneric differences in enzymatic properties were frequently encountered. The techniques revealed, in addition, that some commercial samples of frozen fish fillets, labeled "haddock," contained cod lactate dehydrogenase.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) causing pulmonary emboli during coronary intervention.

Thrombotic complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) can be devastating if not recognized and treated promptly. We describe an unusual case of rapid-onset HIT resulting in massive-bilateral pulmonary emboli in a 70 year-old man who developed chest pain during elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The diagnosis was made the following day after persistent chest pain and laboratory work demonstrating a new thrombocytopenia, a mildly elevated troponin, and positive DIC panel led to confirmatory imaging tests. HIT-related thrombosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in patients undergoing PCI. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
“Discursive Opening” and Closing in Organisational Self-Study: Culture as Trap and Tool in Wildland Firefighting Safety

This article describes the practice of organizational self-study and examines its potential to create “discursive openings” in systematically distorted communication, particularly when members engage new discourses to investigate subjective and objective features of their own organizational lives. It investigates a recent self-study undertaken by the U.S. Forest Service to diagnose and solve safety issues in wildland firefighting. The analysis reveals how engaging a new discourse allowed firefighters to imagine a new culture where they would be encouraged to think rather than just obey rules. But certain discursive closure moves reinforced the constitutive steering medium of bureaucratically managed safety rules, and potentially thwarted cultural change hoped for by organizational members and demanded by legitimating third parties.
An experiment to measure the diffusion of4He in4He in the Fermi liquid region

The diffusion coefficient D and the thermal diffusion factor γT, for4He in liquid3He at low temperatures T, have recently been calculated by solving the Boltzmann equation derived from Fermi-liquid theory. As T → 0, γT approaches a constant and D varies as 1/T. Both transport coefficients are determined solely by a 0 34 , the l = 0 forward scattering amplitude. Because a 0 34 can be found from thermodynamic data, e.g. the solubility of4He in liquid3He, X 4 sat , a strict test of the theory is possible. We have built an apparatus to measure D and X 4 sat as functions of pressure and temperature. The ratio of the capacitances of two parallel plate capacitors measures the number of4He atoms diffusing out of the liquid into the superfluid film. A bellows initiates the diffusion by changing the pressure in the liquid and thus the equilibrium concentration. A change of ∼ 10−8 in the4He concentration can be detected.
Critical Race Theory and the Meaning of "Community" in District Partnerships.

This article uses a critical race theory lens to explore how members of one community-district partnership understand “community.” Engaging the community through full service schools (Dryfoos & Maguire, 2002), parent engagement programs (Comer & Emmons, 2006), lab schools through universities (Goldring & Sims, 2005), and other partnerships have become a major strand of reform in schools and districts. However, there is a dearth of critical scholarship that explores the contested meanings and implications of evoking community-laden terminology and approaches (Sanders, 2003; Warren, 2005). Using a grounded theory approach, this case study draws from a combination of ethnographic observations of governance meetings, committee meetings, and events over a year and a half; semi-structured interviews with 11 governance council members from the school district and other partners; and document analysis. Iterative rounds of coding identified ten concepts that were organized into three key categories: geographical a...
Evaluation of peripheral atherosclerosis: A comparative analysis of angiography and intravascular ultrasound imaging

Objective Angiography remains a critical component for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic intervention in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The goal of this study was to compare angiography with corresponding intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of the same vessels in patients with PAD. Methods From 2004 to 2008, 93 patients undergoing angiography for PAD were recruited in a prospective observational analysis. At the time of angiography, diseased lower extremities were interrogated using a 10-cm IVUS pullback with registration points. IVUS data were analyzed with radiofrequency techniques for vessel and lumen diameter, plaque volume, plaque composition, and cross-sectional area. Similarly, three vascular surgeons blinded to the IVUS data graded corresponding angiographic images according to vessel diameter, degree of stenosis, degree of calcification, and extent of eccentricity. Statistical analyses of matched IVUS images and angiograms were performed. Results The distribution of demographic and risk variables were typical for PAD: 54% male, 96% hypertension, 78% hyperlipidemia, 44% diabetic, 87% tobacco history, 65% coronary artery disease, and 10% end-stage renal disease. Symptoms precipitating the angiographic evaluation included claudication (53%), rest pain (18%), and tissue loss (29%). Angiographic and IVUS interpretation were similar for luminal diameters, but external vessel diameter was greater by IVUS imaging (7.0 ± 0.7 vs 5.2 ± 0.8 mm, P r = 0.84); however, IVUS determination of vessel area stenosis was greater by 10% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%-21%, P P Conclusions In the evaluation of PAD, angiography and IVUS imaging provide similar luminal diameters and diameter-reducing stenosis measurements. Determination of overall vessel diameter and interpretation of plaque morphology by angiography are discordant from IVUS-derived data.
A Nuclear MAL-Function Links Rho to SRF

The activation of SRF-mediated transcription in response to Rho GTPase-induced actin assembly involves the ability of SRF to sense changes in the cellular level of actin monomers. An article in the May 2 issue of Cell identifies the transcription factor MAL as an actin binding protein that functions as an SRF coactivator and whose translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus depends on its dissociation from actin monomers (Miralles et al., 2003).
Lie-algebraic conditions for stability of linear impulsive systems

This paper presents Lie-algebraic conditions for a type of exponential stability for linear impulsive systems that is uniform with respect to the set of impulse times. A Lie algebra is defined in terms the linear impulsive system data to which previously-derived Lie-algebraic stability criteria for switched linear systems are applied in order to yield sufficient conditions for uniform exponential stability of linear impulsive systems. An example is presented to illustrate the main ideas and some of the underlying computational aspects.
Apocynin administration does not improve behavioral and neuropathological deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

In addition to mitochondria, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a source of oxidative stress, which can induce oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this reason, several groups have investigated the effect of its inhibition. In AD mice, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) deficiency improved behavior and cerebrovascular function, and reduced oxidative stress. In our study, we administered the NOX inhibitor apocynin to Tg19959 mice, and found that it did not improve cognitive and synaptic deficits, and did not decrease amyloid deposition, microgliosis and hyperphosphorylated tau. However, apocynin reduced carbonyl levels in the cerebral cortex but not the hippocampus, which may have not been sufficient to ameliorate symptoms. Also, the reduction of NOX-mediated oxidative stress may not be sufficient to prevent AD, since other sources of reactive oxygen species such as mitochondria may be more important.