cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on metal carboxylates. Part I The crystal structure of the nickel(II) complex of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, (C7H4NO4)2Ni,3H2O

(Received 18 March 19"71) The crystal structure of the neutral sllver(ll) complex of pyrldlne-2,6d l c a r b o x y l l c a c l d , s i l v e r ( I I ) b l s ( p y r i d l n e 2 , 6 d l c a r b o x y l a t e ) m o n o h y d r a t e I ' 2 has r e v e a l e d the unusua l h i g h l y d i s t o r t e d o c t a h e d r a l s t e r e o c h e m l s t r y of t h i s d e r i v a t i v e and the v e r s a t i l e bonding c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the t e r d e n t a t e l l g a n d mo lecu l e s , one behav ing f o r m a l l y as a d l a n l o n i c l l g a n d t and the o t he r as a n e u t r a l t e r d e n t a t e donor molecule . We have now s y n t h e s i z e d the r e l a t e d c o b a l t ( I T ) and n t c k e l ( I I ) d e r i v a t i v e s of the type (C784N04)2M,3H20 and have fotmd t h a t t h e i r magnet ic and s p e c t r a l p r o p e r t i e s 5 i n d i c a t e no g r e a t departure from octahedral symmetry, but rather c l o s e l y resemble those of pseudo-octahedral cobalt(il) and nlckel(ll) complexes of a series of other pyrldlne carboxyllc acids. This result was at first unexpected in view of our previous flndlngs 1'2 for the sllver(II) complex. Accordingly we have carried out a three-dlmenslonal X-ray analysis of the nlckel(II) complex to establish details of its structure and form a basis for the intez~retatlon of Its magnetic and spectral properties. The nlckel(ll)" complex~ which was prepared by the reaction of an aqueo~m solution of the acld wlth nlckel(II) nitrate or the freshly precipitated
Maternal and Infant Risk Factors for Neonatal Sepsis: A Comparison between an Inner-City County Hospital and a Health Maintenance Organization

Maternal and Infant Risk Factors for Neonatal Sepsis: A Comparison between an Inner-City County Hospital and a Health Maintenance Organization
Aluminium tolerance in triticale, wheat and rye as measured by root growth characteristics and aluminium concentration

Screening large populations of plant species for Al tolerance requires simple and rapid tests. In this study, root characteristics of 12 cultivars of triticale (X Triticosecale, Witt Mack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.) were measured in nutrient solution with 0 or 6 ppm Al added. Aluminum injury to roots of triticale and wheat was characterized by decreases in root length, increases in the number of roots, and in Al-sensitive Redcoat and Arthur wheats by decrease in root weight. Root length and number of roots were correlated in triticale (r=−0.73*) and in wheat (r=−0.85*). Root length was also correlated with root weight in wheat (r=0.65*); there was no relationship between the number of roots and weight. Differences in Al tolerance of cultivars of the three species were greater when the solution was adjusted to pH 4.8 only on the first day of the experiment than when pH was maintained at pH 4.8 throughout the growing period. Triticale and rye cultivars low in ability to increase solution pH gradually overcame Al toxicity by increasing the nutrient solution pH between 12 and 22 days. Aluminum sensitive triticale and wheat accumulated more Al in roots than tolerant cultivars when the solution pH was not adjusted daily; but no differences in Al accumulation were obtained between wheat cultivars at constant pH value. This study indicated that root length and number of roots can be reliably used for screening triticales for Al tolerance within 12 days of exposure to Al. Root length, Al concentration, and dry weight after 22 days of Al treatment were also reliable criteria for evaluating differential Al tolerances among triticale cultivars.
A Bença: The Blessings of the Bando de Teatro Olodum

This article centers on the major, self-identified Afro-Brazilian theater group in Salvador da Bahia, the Bando de Teatro Olodum. The Bando, it contends, establishes a performative trajectory from which to question and challenge the dominant esthetic signifiers in Brazilian society. It aims to realign the racial and cultural markers that define Africanness and blackness, regenerate affirmative constructs for both signifiers through its dramatic repertoire, and create alternative performative and esthetic forms that draw from the Candomble religious matrix. The Bando's most recent play, A Benca, is the focus of analysis in its simultaneity as a hyper-visual homage to the elders and a metaphysical treatise on the vagaries of time. A Benca transforms the reality of aging into a surrealistic interpolation of Bantu spiritual conceptualizations of the circularity of time and the interrelation of the human and the ancestral. Ultimately, the Bando and the play transform notions as to what is theater in Brazil.
A nonhomogeneous anthropometric scaling method based on finite element principles.

Abstract An anthropometric scaling technique is described which locates equivalent points on similarly shaped anatomical structures and quantifies the morphological differences of such geometries through the use of analytical strain parameters. The method is applicable to two or three-dimensional geometries with nonhomogeneous shape differences. The anatomical structures to be scaled are approximated by either four-noded tetrahedral or eight-noded hexahedral finite elements and equivalent points are located using shape functions. The method is demonstrated through its application to two human femora. Accuracy and limitations of the technique are discussed.
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a high-temperature phosphonium ionic liquid column.

A high-temperature ionic liquid, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, was used as the primary column stationary phase for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). The ionic liquid (IL) column was coupled to a 5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl polysiloxane (HP-5) secondary column. The retention characteristics of the IL column were compared to polyethylene glycol (DB-Wax) and 50% phenyl/50% methyl polysiloxane (HP-50+). A series of homologous compounds that included hydrocarbons, oxygenated organics, and halogenated alkanes were analyzed with each column combination. This comparison showed that the ionic liquid is less polar than DB-Wax but more polar than HP-50+. The most unique feature of the IL × HP-5 column combination is that alkanes, cyclic alkanes, and alkenes eluted in a narrow band in the GC × GC chromatogram; whereas, these compounds occupied a much larger portion of the DB-Wax × HP-5 and the HP-50+ × HP-5 chromatograms. Each column combination was used to analyze diesel fuel. The IL × HP-5 chromatogram displayed narrow bands for three major compound classes in diesel fuel: saturates, monoaromatics, and diaromatics. The IL column was used at temperatures as high as 290 °C for several months without any noticeable changes in column performance.
Formulation and Stability of the Antineoplastic Agent: N, H-Di-9-AcridinylHexanediamine (Nsc 1219733)

AbstractN, N-di-9-acridinvl-l, 6-hexanediamine- (MSC 1219733) was solubilized and lyophilized for parenteral use in the form of the methanesul fonate salt. Stability studies of the drug in solution of pll 3.0, 4.5 and 7.0.and at both 25° and 70°C were carried out and the drug was stable at 25°. At 70°C sliqht degradation was observed, in solutions of pH 3.0 and 4.5, while extensive loss occurred at pH 7.0 with a half-life of 16.5 hours. The lyophilized preparation was stable for one week when reconstituted with water and diluted with 5% dextrose solution. Precipitation of the drug as the hydrochloride salt occurred when dilution was done with normal saline solution. Stability was monitored using high performance liquid chromatography.
The Role of Asylum Location on Refugee Adjustment Strategies: The Case of Sudanese in San Diego, California

Upon resettlement in receiving countries, refugees face many challenges and experience enormous stress. Researchers agree that the greater the gap between the culture of a refugee's home country and that of the host country, the more stress refugees will experience. This disparity is especially true for Sudanese refugees resettling in the United States who moved from a rural setting within a so-called Third World country to an urban setting in an industrialized nation. The stress that results from these changes can both overwhelm and hinder a refugee's adjustment. The experiences of Sudanese women and men who resettled in San Diego, California are explored here to examine the role of the initial asylum environment as a potential influence on refugees' strategies as they confront the challenges of adjustment. The participants in this study averaged 5.4 years in either Cairo, Egypt or in Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya before coming to San Diego. Disparate asylum environments, including cultural norms...
Design and development of Generation-I silicon based Solid State Transformer

The Solid State Transformer (SST) is one of the key elements proposed in the National Science Foundation (NSF) Generation-III Engineering Research Center (ERC) “Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management” (FREEDM) Systems Center. The SST is used to enable active management of distributed renewable energy resources, energy storage devices and loads. In this paper, the Generation-I SST single-phase 20kVA, based on 6.5kV Si-IGBT is proposed for interface with 12kV distribution system voltage. The SST system design parameters, overall system efficiency, high frequency transformer design, dual active bridge converter, auxiliary power supply and gate drives are investigated. Design considerations and experimental results of the prototype SST are reported.
Nucleic acid aptamers: clinical applications and promising new horizons

Aptamers are a special class of nucleic acid molecules that are beginning to be investigated for clinical use. These small RNA/DNA molecules can form secondary and tertiary structures capable of specifically binding proteins or other cellular targets; they are essentially a chemical equivalent of antibodies. Aptamers have the advantage of being highly specific, relatively small in size, and non-immunogenic. Since the discovery of aptamers in the early 1990s, great efforts have been made to make them clinically relevant for diseases like cancer, HIV, and macular degeneration. In the last two decades, many aptamers have been clinically developed as inhibitors for targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombin. The first aptamer based therapeutic was FDA approved in 2004 for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and several other aptamers are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. With advances in targeted-therapy, imaging, and nanotechnology, aptamers are readily considered as potential targeting ligands because of their chemical synthesis and ease of modification for conjugation. Preclinical studies using aptamer-siRNA chimeras and aptamer targeted nanoparticle therapeutics have been very successful in mouse models of cancer and HIV. In summary aptamers are in several stages of development, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials and even as FDA approved therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the current state of aptamers in clinical trials as well as some promising aptamers in pre-clinical development.
Teaching for Empowerment

As educators in leisure and recreation studies, we should and can empower students through our teaching. The purpose of this article is to explore ideas and methods that we, as educators, might use to facilitate empowerment of students within the classroom. Specifically, this article discusses assumptions of power and privilege that underlie empowerment. Examples of how educators can disempower are also provided. In addition, biological, psychological, and sociocultural processes of empowerment as related to race, gender, and disability are examined.
Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases1

Although water is the major component of all biological fluids, the molecular pathways for water transport across cell membranes eluded identification until the discovery of the aquaporin family of water channels. The atomic structure of mammalian AQP1 illustrates how this family of proteins is freely permeated by water but not protons (hydronium ions, H3O+). Definition of the subcellular sites of expression predicted their physiological functions and potential clinical disorders. Analysis of several human disease states has confirmed that aquaporins are involved in multiple different illnesses including abnormalities of kidney function, loss of vision, onset of brain edema, starvation, and arsenic toxicity.
The Political Economy of the Natural Resource Curse: A Survey of Theory and Evidence

This survey focuses on political economy theories of the resource curse and scrutinizes how well, or poorly, these theories have been integrated with empirical work. One reason why this integration is important lies in the practical importance of pinning down the causal links involved in the resource curse. A second reason for focusing on integration of theory and empirics is that the resource curse is a potentially fruitful venue for testing political economy theories generally.
Multi-Class Classification Using a New Sigmoid Loss Function for Minimum Classification Error (MCE)

A new loss function has been introduced for Minimum Classification Error, that approaches optimal Bayes’ risk and also gives an improvement in performance over standard MCE systems when evaluated on the Aurora connected digits database.
Moebius syndrome in a child and extremity defect in her father.

A child with Moebius syndrome and minor extremity anomalies is described. Her father had a transverse defect of the right arm with absence of the radius and ulna just below the elbow but no cranial nerve dysfunction. While possibly unrelated, review of the literature suggests these anomalies may both be part of a single broad spectrum syndrome, perhaps dominantly inherited.
On the interaction of adaptive filtering, identification, and control

The aim of the article is to add to the evidence of the need for interaction between the two field of (i) signal processing and (ii) control and estimation. The focus in on the the interaction specialities from (i), i.e., adaptive filtering, and (ii)i.e., adaptive identification and control. For evidence, three basic communication systems applications of adaptive filtering are used to evoke system identification (and adaptive control) style problems amenable to analytical tools. The applications raise a number of unresolved issues that challenge existing theory. The connections drawn to adaptive identification and control problems (and relevant analytical tools) suggest approaches to these challenges. >
A GLRT approach to data-aided timing acquisition in UWB radios-Part I: algorithms

Realizing the great potential of impulse radio communications depends critically on the success of timing acquisition. To this end, optimum data-aided (DA) timing offset estimators are derived in this paper based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Specifically, generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRTs) are employed to detect an ultrawideband (UWB) waveform propagating through dense multipath and to estimate the associated timing and channel parameters in closed form. Capitalizing on the pulse repetition pattern, the GLRT boils down to an amplitude estimation problem, based on which closed-form timing acquisition estimates can be obtained without invoking any line search. The proposed algorithms only employ digital samples collected at a low symbol rate, thus reducing considerably the implementation complexity and acquisition time. Analytical acquisition performance bounds and corroborating simulations are also provided.
Bayesian Inference for Heterogeneous Event Counts

This article presents an integrated set of Bayesian tools one can use to model heterogeneous event counts. While models for event count cross sections are now widely used, little has been written about how to model counts when contextual factors introduce heterogeneity. The author begins with a discussion of Bayesian cross-sectional count models and discusses an alternative model for counts with overdispersion. To illustrate the Bayesian framework, the author fits the model to the number of women’s rights cosponsorships for each member of the 83rd to 102nd House of Representatives. The model is generalized to allow for contextual heterogeneity. The hierarchical model allows one to explicitly model contextual factors and test alternative contextual explanations, even with a small number of contextual units. The author compares the estimates from this model with traditional approaches and discusses software one can use to easily implement these Bayesian models with little start-up cost.
Using self-organizing artificial neural networks for solving uncertain dynamic nonlinear system identification and function modeling problems

The authors describe novel implementations of the KNN (Kohonen topology-preserving self-organizing neural network) structure as it is applied to nonlinear functions, control system identifications, and switched reluctance motor torque modelings. Specifically, they examine novel training paradigms, including a procedure for initializing and resetting neuron weights, incorporating prior knowledge into a KNN, and preferentially training specific areas of a KNN. Several functions are modeled as examples of the implementation and properties of this technique. Also, the KNN is used to model a nonlinear mapping embedded in a series-parallel control identifier. Finally, a 2-D KNN is used to successfully estimate the torque in a switched reluctance motor. >
Strong Motion Attenuation Relations: A Ten‐Year Perspective

Abstract Research on strong ground‐motion characteristics conducted in the United States within the last 10 years (1974‐1984) forms the basis for a detailed discussion of important factors to be considered when selecting or developing strong‐motion attenuation relations for use in earthquake engineering and seismic hazard studies. While emphasis is placed on the empirical prediction of ground‐motion amplitudes, a brief discussion of procedures is presented that can be used when insufficient strong‐motion data are available to perform an adequate statistical analysis. The discussion is followed by a tabulated summary of selected strong‐motion attenuation relations proposed and developed in the last 10 years (1974‐1984) to acquaint the reader with the types of relationships currently available.
A multi-scale energy detector for anomaly detection in dynamic networks

Complex networks have attracted a lot of attention for representing relational data, where the weights of the edges, where edges' weights show the strength of relationships. Complex networks have found numerous applications in social and biological sciences. Studying the topology of these networks is important for a better understanding of the underlying systems and data. Currently, most of the network analysis tools are limited to static networks. However, most networks of interest have edges or relationships that vary across time. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods for the study of these dynamic networks. In this paper, we introduce another aspect of threat detection, which is identifying abrupt changes in edges' weights over time. Wavelet decomposition method is used to separate the transient activity from the stationary activity in the edges. A hypothesis testing is proposed for the wavelet coefficients to detect any anomalous edges. Finally, the time points where the anomalous activity occurs are identified through the ratio of the energy of the anomalous to normal edges.
A numerical algorithm for complex Chebyshev FIR filter design

The author presents a multiple exchange algorithm which solves the complex Chebyshev approximation problem by systematically solving a sequence of subproblems. Each subproblem involves optimization over m(>or=n+1) distinct frequency points and is solved iteratively using a new and efficient implementation of Lawson's algorithm which requires O((m-n)/sup 2/ m) computations per iteration, where n is the filter length. In general, by carefully selecting the frequency points in each subproblem, it is possible to control m so that m-n always remains small. The new algorithm also guarantees global optimum convergence and requires less than O(n/sup 2/) computations for each iteration of Lawson's algorithm where m-n is small compared to square root n. >
Plasma–lithium interaction in the CDX-U spherical torus

Results on the interaction between plasma in the current drive experiment-upgrade (CDX-U) spherical torus and a liquid lithium limiter are reported. It is observed that macroscopic lithium droplets detach from the limiter head and fall towards the plasma core. However, no disruptions occurred during these discharges despite the fact that relatively large-scale blobs are observed entering the confined plasma. A multi-tip Langmuir probe measures the edge plasma properties. It is found that the average density and temperature and their fluctuations are unaffected by the presence of lithium within experimental error.
Multiscale modeling in drug discovery and development: future opportunities and present challenges

Modeling and simulation (MS connecting with biological concepts is critical; sharing of results has to be done properly; buy-in is achieved in stages. These concepts are being applied in drug discovery and development and are yielding success. However, bottlenecks remain.
Virus-templated plasmonic nanoclusters with icosahedral symmetry via directed self-assembly.

The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles with precise spatial and orientational order may lead to structures with new electromagnetic properties at optical frequencies. The directed self-assembly method presented controls the interparticle-spacing and symmetry of the resulting nanometer-sized elements in solution. The self-assembly of three-dimensional (3D), icosahedral plasmonic nanosclusters (NCs) with resonances at visible wavelengths is demonstrated experimentally. The ideal NCs consist of twelve gold (Au) nanospheres (NSs) attached to thiol groups at predefined locations on the surface of a genetically engineered cowpea mosaic virus with icosahedral symmetry. In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements confirm the NSs assembly on the virus. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) demonstrate the ability of the self-assembly method to control the nanoscopic symmetry of the bound NSs, which reflects the icosahedral symmetry of the virus. Both, TEM and DLS show that the NCs comprise of a distribution of capsids mostly covered (i.e., 6–12 NS/capsid) with NSs. 3D finite-element simulations of aqueous suspensions of NCs reproduce the experimental bulk absorbance measurements and major features of the spectra. Simulations results show that the fully assembled NCs give rise to a 10-fold surface-averaged enhancement of the local electromagnetic field.
Assay for the detection of anti-idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibody B72.3.

The administration of xenogenic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) leads in many cases to a host immune response represented by the generation of antibodies that can be directed against allotypic, isotypic, and idiotypic determinants present on the xenogeneic MAb. Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2s) can be detected by measuring their specific reactivity in sandwich assays using their ability to cross-link labeled Ab1 to Ab1 attached to a solid phase; however, when the MAb used for these studies reacts with a multideterminant tumor-associated antigen found in the circulation (e.g., TAG-72), the utility of these anti-idiotype assays may be limited. To determine the levels of anti-idiotypic antibodies that could be detected in patients undergoing MAb B72.3-based immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic protocols, we investigated the ability of a solid-phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (RIA) to detect anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against B72.3. Furthermore, to overcome the interference of circulating TAG-72 and/or antibodies to allotypic and isotypic determinants in the evaluation of an anti-idiotypic response, we developed a methodology using CC49-coated resin to absorb the interfering molecules (CC49 is a second anti-TAG-72 MAb). Under the conditions established, all of the TAG-72 antigen was removed by adsorption with MAb CC49. Furthermore, since the treatment used an isotype-identical murine MAb, the binding due to the anti-mouse antibodies, other than the anti-idiotype, was completely abolished after a treatment with MAb CC49, leaving only the anti-idiotype component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Communicating Identity in the Ottoman Empire and Some Implications for Contemporary States

Do premodern states have anything to suggest to governments managing their identity in this era of communication volatility? The techniques used by the Ottoman Empire repay close study. The Empire lasted for more than six centuries, almost living up to its imperial motto: “The Eternal State.” It faced the problem of cultivating an identity for a remarkable range of geographic, religious, cultural, and ethnic identities. How did it project an identity strong enough to counterbalance potential internal stresses? We investigate the communication techniques used by the Ottomans and the relationship between centralized and decentralized identities in their Empire. Finally, we discuss the pressures on modern governments created by the collision between information technology, globalization, and current “Westphalian” approaches to identity. We offer alternative approaches for modern states and superstates like the European Union, seeking to create or renew their identity with their diverse inhabitants.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale—Revised (MSES-R)

This article presents results of an exploratory factor analysis of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale—Revised, a widely used instrument in contemporary academic counseling research.
Proclivity to Donate Time: Do Heavy, Moderate, Light, and Nondonors Vary?

This study profiles demographic and sociographic characteristics as well as media habits of heavy, moderate, light, and nondonors to volunteer dependent organizations. Insights gained will help administrators design appropriate courses of action. This becomes very important at a time when volunteer organizations face stiff challenges in attracting donors.
Abstract 17: Angiotensin-II-mediated Hypertension is Associated With ACE2 Internalization and Degradation in the Central Nervous System

We previously observed that decreased brain ACE2 expression/activity contributes to the development of Angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-mediated hypertension in mice. To identify the mechanism involved in the impaired ACE2 expression/activity during hypertension, we first investigated ACE2 subcellular localization in the presence of Ang-II in vitro. Neuro2A cells (neuroblastoma) were transfected with a GFP-tagged human ACE2 plasmid construct (48 hours) and treated with Ang-II (100 nM, 4 hours). ACE2 localization was visualized with a flurorescence microscope (n=6), and protein levels on plasma membrane were determined by biotinylation followed by western blot (n=3). ACE2 expression was reduced at the plasma membrane and co-localized with the lysosomal marker Rab7 after Ang-II treatment, suggesting a translocation of ACE2 from plasma membrane to lysosomes. Biotinylation experiments confirmed a 50% reduction of plasma membrane ACE2 expression in Ang-II treated cells compared to vehicle group. To determine whether ACE2 internalization is responsible for the development of hypertension, C57Bl6 mice were implanted with telemetry probes for conscious blood pressure recording, and osmotic pumps for the following treatment groups: (n=6/group), 1) saline sc + aCSF icv; 2) Ang-II (600 ng/kg·min, sc, 14 days) + aCSF icv; 3) Ang-II + leupeptin (lysosomal inhibitor; 640 ng/kg·min, icv, 14 days); 4) saline sc + Leupeptin icv. After 2 weeks of treatment, leupeptin alone did not alter mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) compared to vehicle treatment (97±1 vs. 97±2 mmHg), however, it prevented Ang-II-mediated-increase in MAP (117±8 mmHg vs. 135±10 mmHg, P
Molecular Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Age-related cognitive impairment is arguably the greatest looming threat to aging populations in both the developed and developing world.1 Emerging evidence indicates that cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major contributor to cognitive impairment,2 highlighting the importance of improved understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms leading to vascular brain injury. As a result, 2 of the 3 highest priority research areas for the next 5 to 10 years identified by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke’s (NINDS) Workgroup on Stroke Prevention Research in 2012 were focused on prevention of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and imaging biomarkers in stroke prevention.3 This important initiative of NINDS has further accelerated the neuroimaging research in VCI that was blossoming over the preceding 10 years. Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of ischemic and hemorrhagic tissue damage in the brain have been identified, and their associations with the underlying cerebrovascular pathologies and resulting cognitive changes are extensively studied.4 MRI-based studies yielded a large gamut of imaging markers that mediate vascular contributions to dementia. Silent infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity changes, and acute punctate infarcts on diffusion weighted MRI are examples of ischemic markers that have been increasingly studied during the past decade.5–7 Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and cortical superficial siderosis are subtle hemorrhagic lesions visible on T2*-MRI, and they serve as key markers of the most common SVDs that contribute to VCI in elderly.5,8 Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), identified on T1- and T2-weighted MRIs by radiologists for over 2 decades, are emerging as another VCI-related marker, especially because of their association with the type of SVD.5 Functional MRI provided measures of vascular dysfunction and resting-state functional connectivity, whereas diffusion tensor imaging …
Self-Directed Search Response Project:

Many of the Holland-based interest assessments differ in the number of answer options they present to clients, with some providing clients more sensitivity with which they can indicate their level of interest. Following anecdotal client comments, a study was developed to determine whether significant changes in inventory results occurred based on the number of answer options presented, while test items remain consistent. Two versions of the Self-Directed Search (SDS)–Fifth Edition were presented to 553 participants across two subsamples (312 Mechanical Turk and 241 college students). The published version of the SDS that presents clients with two response options was used as well as an altered version presenting clients with five-answer options. The internal consistency and profile stability across versions were explored. Statistically significant differences in internal consistency were found. Moderate-to-high profile stability for individuals and across test versions was detected. Implications for futur...
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomeric benzyl glycerides

The enantiomeric resolution of a series of 1,2-diacyl- and 1,2-mixed acid-diacyl-3-benzyl-rac-glycerols was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of the racemic benzylglycerols studied, the 1-O-benzyl-2,3-O-iso-propylidene-rac-glycerol 1-acyl-3-benzyl-rac-glycerol and 2-acyl-3-benzyl-rac-glycerol structures could be resolved into their enantiomers. The latter were resolved on a silica (10 μm) column coated with cellulose tribenzoate by isocratic elution with hexane/isopropanol mixtures as mobile phase. The effects of para substitution of the benzyl moiety on the resolution of the acylbenzylglycerols by this HPLC method were evaluated.
The Development of Civilization Dialogue and Its World Significance

Civilization dialogue" between different religions probably started as early as the 1960s. However, todays emphasis on "civilization dialogue" comes largely from Huntington's theory of civilization conflict raised in 1993. As Huntington admitted later, he raised the idea of civilization conflict to emphasize civilization dialogue. However, many noted scholars noticed the flaws in his narrow dichotomy. If different nations and cultures intend to survive against converging yet different backgrounds in the process of globalization, they need to develop through dialogue a will to construct a life community. Through dialogue they will develop the consciousness of peaceful coexistence. Tolerance is the minimum requirement for dialogue. The chief purpose of dialogue is to understand the other party and reflect on ones own limitations. The result of dialogue is mutual reference and learning. Finally, it is the celebration of diversity.
Cardiac sites of catecholamine action: diffusion models for soluble and immobilized catecholamine action on isolated cat papillary muscles.

Models for isoproterenol and polymer-immobilized isoproterenol diffusion into cat cardiac muscle have been developed by applying the diffusion rates in water and the tortuosity factor for cat cardiac muscle extracellular diffusion. The theoretical extent of drug diffusion into cardiac muscle with time has been compared with the kinetics of cyclic 39,59-AMP formation and the development of the positive inotropic response to these agents. These studies indicate that peak cardiac inotropic responses may be obtained in cat papillary muscles when the majority of drug molecules are still at the muscle surface and less than 40% of the equilibrium concentration is present in the tissue. The maximum cyclic AMP response occurs with less than 15% of the equilibrium concentration of isoproterenol present and with the majority of the muscle cells exposed to subthreshold levels of drug. These findings suggest that under non-steady-state conditions soluble isoproterenol as well as immobilized catecholamines may cause increased contractility by propagation mechanisms. Biochemical events such as increases in the concentration of cyclic AMP may not reflect events occurring throughout the cardiac muscle. The diffusion arguments indicate that the common assumptions concerning a homogeneous distribution of drug-receptor interactions producing cardiac contractile events oversimplify the events that occur under actual experimental conditions. A model for glass bead-immobilized catecholamine action based on catecholamine leakage is also presented. It indicates that while massive drug leakage does not account for the biological responses of these agents, it may be impossible to elucidate the exact mode of drug action in the microenvironment enveloping the bead surface.
Pharmacologic treatments of cocaine abuse.

Because current studies have small sample sizes and limited controls, firm conclusions or treatment recommendations cannot be made at present, but pharrhacologic approaches probably have a place in the treatment of cocaine abuse. Pharmacologic treatments of cocaine abusers may relate to underlying psychiatric diagnoses. Cocaine abusers with adult attention deficit disorder appear to respond well to methylphenidate, but other cocaine abusers have increased cocaine craving when getting this medication. Cyclothymic cocaine abusers appear to respond to lithium with reduced cocaine use. Depressed cocaine abusers, who may constitute about 30 per cent of abusers, have decreased cocaine craving and increased abstinence when treated with desipramine. Other cocaine abusers without underlying psychiatric disorders may also respond well to desipramine if they fail to reduce their cocaine use during psychotherapy.
Genome Sequences of Gordonia Bacteriophages Obliviate, UmaThurman, and Guacamole.

ABSTRACT We describe three newly isolated phages—Obliviate, UmaThurman, and Guacamole—that infect Gordonia terrae 3612. The three genomes are related to one another but are not closely related to other previously sequenced phages or prophages. The three phages are predicted to use integration-dependent immunity systems as described in several mycobacteriophages.
All-Integrated Bifunctional Separator for Li Dendrite Detection via Novel Solution Synthesis of a Thermostable Polyimide Separator.

Safe operation is crucial for lithium (Li) batteries, and therefore, developing separators with dendrite-detection function is of great scientific and technological interest. However, challenges have been encountered when integrating the function into commercial polyolefin separators. Among all polymer candidates, polyimides (PIs) are prominent due to their good thermal/mechanical stability and electrolyte wettability. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to efficiently synthesize PI separators, let alone integrate additional functions. In this work, a novel yet facile solution synthesis was developed to fabricate a nanoporous PI separator. Specifically, recyclable LiBr was utilized as the template for nanopores creation while the polymer was processed at the intermediate stage. This method proves not only to be a facile synthesis with basic lab facility but also to have promising potential for low-cost industrial production. The as-synthesized PI separator exhibited excellent thermal/mechanical stabilit...
On the Evolution of Receptors Associated With Feeding

I would like to present a hypothesis that some neurotransmitter and hormone receptors to amino acids, related metabolites and peptides may have evolved from receptors that originally functioned to stimulate feeding and drinking. This hypothesis is based upon a number of interrelated discoveries showing that feeding and digestion in many lower forms is controlled by specific small molecules.
Complex Adaptive Systems, Systems Thinking, and Agent-Based Modeling

Systems thinking and complex adaptive systems theories share a number of components, namely emergence, self-organization, and hierarchies of interacting systems. We seek to integrate these schools of thought and discuss the similarities and differences of these two models, to introduce systems dynamics and agent-based modeling as methods for modeling complex systems, and how causal-loop diagrams can be used as a means to clarify the complex interactions among components (agents). We then apply a mixture of these different but similar techniques to a fly ecosystem modeling problem to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl cations: computational studies of the structures, stability, 13 C NMR chemical shifts, and possible rearrangement pathways

Various structures of the cyclopentyl cation were computed at the MP2/cc-pVTZ and CCSD (T)/cc-pVTZ levels. Energetically, the classical cyclopentyl cation 1 and the 1,2-hydrogen-bridged structure 3 were found to be almost identical. The structures and energies of the cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl cations were also calculated at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level. The σ-delocalized nonclassical ion 16 was found to be the lowest energy structure for the cycloheptyl cation. The 13C NMR chemical shifts of the ions were also computed and compared with the experimental results.
‘Going viral’ and ‘Going country’: the expressive and instrumental activities of street gangs on social media

Based on social media content analysis and focus groups with young people, the current study explores expressive and instrumental uses of the internet among street gangs. ‘Trap rap’ videos posted o...
Geospatial datasets in support of high-resolution spatial assessment of population vulnerability to climate change in Nepal

We present a geographic information system (GIS) dataset with a nominal spatial resolution of one-kilometer composed of grid polygons originally derived and utilized in a high-resolution climate vulnerability model for Nepal. The different data sets described and shared in this article are processed and tailored to the specific objectives of our research paper entitled "High-resolution Spatial Assessment of Population Vulnerability to Climate Change in Nepal" (Mainali and Pricope, In press) [1]. We share these data recognizing that there is a significant gap in regards to data availability, the spatial patterns of different biophysical and socioeconomic variables, and the overall population vulnerability to climatic variability and disasters in Nepal. Individual variables, as well as the entire set presented in this dataset, can be used to better understand the spatial pattern of different physical, biological, climatic, and vulnerability characteristics in Nepal. The datasets presented in this article are sourced from different national and global databases and have been statistically treated to meet the needs of the article. The data are in GIS-ready ESRI shapefile file format of one-kilometer grid polygon with various fields (columns) for each dataset.
Study protocol: a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of Moral Reconation Therapy in the US Veterans Health Administration

Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention aimed at reducing risk for criminal recidivism by restructuring antisocial attitudes and cognitions (i.e., “criminogenic thinking”). MRT has empirical support for reducing risk for criminal recidivism among civilian offenders. Recently, a version of MRT was developed for military veterans; however, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted with the veteran-specific protocol, and the effectiveness and implementation potential of MRT outside of correctional settings has not been established. Using a Hybrid Type 1 RCT design, this study will test the effectiveness of MRT to reduce risk for criminal recidivism and improve health-related outcomes among justice-involved veterans entering mental health residential treatment at three US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medical Centers. Upon admission to the treatment program, justice-involved veterans will complete a baseline assessment, be randomized to usual care (UC) or UC + MRT, and be followed 6 and 12 months post-baseline. A process evaluation will also be conducted to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation of MRT in residential treatment. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MRT with justice-involved veterans. If MRT proves effective in this trial, the findings can provide large healthcare systems that serve veterans with an evidence-based intervention for addressing criminogenic thinking among justice-involved adults, as well as guidance on how to facilitate future implementation of MRT in non-correctional settings. This trial is funded by the VA Health Services Research & Development Program (IIR 14–081) and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02524171 ).
Influence of caudal epidural analgesia on cortisol concentrations and pain‐related behavioral responses in mares during and after ovariectomy via colpotomy

Objective To determine the influence of epidural detomidine and morphine on serum corticosteroid concentrations and pain-related behavioral responses in mares during and after ovariectomy via colpotomy. Study design Blinded prospective study. Animals Nine university-owned mares. Methods Five of 9 horses received caudal epidural detomidine hydrochloride (0.01 mg/kg) and morphine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg) prior to surgery. All horses received local anesthetic around the ovarian pedicle, 0.02 mg/kg butorphanol IV at the start of the procedure and after first ovary removal, were sedated as required throughout the procedure, and were monitored for leg lifting, grunting, and abdominal tensing. Horses were monitored hourly for pain postoperatively. Heart rate was recorded every 4 hours, and photographs were taken to assess pain according to the horse grimace scale (HGS). Control group horses (n = 4) were treated with butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg IV) every 4 hours for 24 hours postoperatively. All horses received oral phenylbutazone 18 hours postoperatively. Serum cortisol was measured prior to the procedure, after first and second ovary removal, and 8 and 24 hours postoperatively. Results No differences were detected between horses receiving caudal epidural detomidine and morphine and those that received systemic opioids. A decrease in HGS score occurred after phenylbutazone administration. Conclusion Administration of caudal epidural detomidine and morphine resulted in similar pain-related behavior and corticosteroid concentrations as did administration of systemic butorphanol every 4 hours for 24 hours postoperatively. Clinical significance Caudal epidural detomidine and morphine may mitigate the requirement for frequent systemic opioid administration after a potentially painful procedure.
Mental Health Care for LGBT Older Adults in Long-Term Care Settings: Competency, Training, and Barriers for Mental Health Providers

ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess mental health providers’ experience with LGBT older adults in long-term care (LTC) settings and perceived barriers to quality care.Methods: Providers (N = 57) completed an online survey on demographics and practice characteristics. They were also asked about: number of LGBT residents they’ve worked with, relevance of LGBT issues to their practice, preparedness, willingness to learn, hours of formal/informal training, and barriers to providing care to LGBT patients.Results: Respondents were 63% psychologists, 16% social workers, 14% psychiatrists, and 5% nurses, most of whom practiced in LTC consulting roles. Most providers felt working with LGBT issues was relevant to their practice and felt well-prepared and willing to learn, though they were unaware of evidence based practices (EBTs), especially for LTC settings. They had little coursework on LGBT issues, and identified lack of training, stigma, and residents concealing their identity as the greatest barriers to quality car...
Accounting for changing source distributions in light water reactor surveillance dosimetry analysis

AbstractA technique is described to account for effects of space- and time-dependent core source variations on pressure vessel surveillance dosimetry analysis. The procedure first defines an easily implemented geometry for a single adjoint transport calculation. The results from the adjoint calculation can then be combined with those from a single forward calculation, in conjunction with an adjoint scaling technique, to yield activities and pressure vessel fluxes simultaneously for a wide range of source distributions, dosimeter response functions, and detector locations. This method has been implemented in the LEPRICON code system for vessel fluence determination. An application to an R-θ model of an operating power reactor shows that effects of source perturbations resulting in 20% changes in the core leakage can be predicted within ∼3% at both downcomer and cavity dosimeter locations, for six different dosimeters, by choice of a single suitable adjoint response function.
Defining and Enforcing Referential Security

Referential integrity, which guarantees that named resources can be accessed when referenced, is an important property for reliability and security. In distributed systems, however, the attempt to provide referential integrity can itself lead to security vulnerabilities that are not currently well understood. This paper identifies three kinds of referential security vulnerabilities related to the referential integrity of distributed, persistent information. Security conditions corresponding to the absence of these vulnerabilities are formalized. A language model is used to capture the key aspects of programming distributed systems with named, persistent resources in the presence of an adversary. The referential security of distributed systems is proved to be enforced by a new type system.