cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after lower extremity revascularization.

Background Little is known about the significance of blood transfusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease. We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database to examine the effect of intraoperative blood transfusion on the morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent lower extremity revascularization. Methods We analyzed data from the participant use data file containing vascular surgical cases submitted to the ACS NSQIP in 2005, 2006, and 2007 by 173 hospitals. Current procedural terminology codes were used to select lower extremity procedures that were grouped into venous graft, prosthetic graft, or thromboendarterectomy. Thirty-day outcomes analyzed were (1) mortality, (2) composite morbidity, (3) graft/prosthesis failure, (4) return to the operating room within 30 days, (5) wound occurrences, (6) sepsis or septic shock, (7) pulmonary occurrences, and (8) renal insufficiency or failure. Intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells was categorized as none, 1 to 2 units, and 3 or more units. Outcome rates were compared between the transfused and nontransfused groups using the χ 2 test and multivariable regression adjusting for transfusion propensity, comorbid and procedural risk. Results A total of 8799 patients underwent lower extremity revascularization between 2005 and 2007. Mean age was 66.8 ± 12.0 years and 5569 (63.3%) were male. Transfusion rates ranged from 14.5% in thromboendarterectomy patients to 27.1% in prosthetic bypass patients ( P Conclusion In a large number of patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization, we have found that there is a higher risk of postoperative mortality, pulmonary, and infectious complications after receiving intraoperative blood transfusion. Additional studies are necessary to better define transfusion triggers that balance the risk/benefit ratio for blood transfusion.
Anticipating loss and other temporal stressors predict traumatic stress symptoms among partners of metastatic/recurrent breast cancer patients.

This study examined pre- and post-loss levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (intrusion and avoidance) in partners of metastatic/recurrent breast cancer patients, and the relationship of these symptoms to past, current, and anticipatory stressors. The results indicate that 34% (17/50) of the partners experienced clinically significant symptom levels prior to the patients' deaths. Prior to loss, partners' symptoms were positively associated with their current level of perceived stress and anticipated impact of the loss; whereas following loss, partners' symptoms were predicted by higher pre-loss levels of symptoms, past family deaths, and anticipated impact of the loss. Limitations and treatment implications of the present research and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual bacterioplankton community structure in ultra-oligotrophic Crater Lake

The bacterioplankton assemblage in Crater Lake, Oregon (U.S.A.), is different from communities found in other oxygenated lakes, as demonstrated by four small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene clone libraries and oligonucleotide probe hybridization to RNA from lake water. Populations in the euphotic zone of this deep (589 m), oligotrophic caldera lake are dominated by two phylogenetic clusters of currently uncultivated bacteria: CL120-10, a newly identified cluster in the verrucomicrobiales, and ACK4 actinomycetes, known as a minor constituent of bacterioplankton in other lakes. Deep-water populations at 300 and 500 m are dominated by a different pair of uncultivated taxa: CL500-11, a novel cluster in the green nonsulfur bacteria, and group I marine crenarchaeota. b-Proteobacteria, dominant in most other freshwater environments, are relatively rare in Crater Lake ( #16% of nonchloroplast bacterial rRNA at all depths). Other taxa identified in Crater Lake libraries include a newly identified candidate bacterial division, ABY1, and a newly identified subcluster, CL0-1, within candidate division OP10. Probe analyses confirmed vertical stratification of several microbial groups, similar to patterns observed in open-ocean systems. Additional similarities between Crater Lake and ocean microbial populations include aphotic zone dominance of group I marine crenarchaeota and green nonsulfur bacteria. Comparison of Crater Lake to other lakes studied by rRNA methods suggests that selective factors structuring Crater Lake bacterioplankton populations may include low concentrations of available trace metals and dissolved organic matter, chemistry of infiltrating hydrothermal waters, and irradiation by high levels of ultraviolet light.
Beyond low-order statistical response surfaces: latent variable regression for efficient, highly nonlinear fitting

The number and magnitude of process variation sources are increasing as we scale further into the nano regime. Today's most successful response surface methods limit us to low-order forms -- linear, quadratic -- to make the fitting tractable. Unfortunately, not all variation-al scenarios are well modeled with low-order surfaces. We show how to exploit latent variable regression ideas to support efficient extraction of arbitrarily nonlinear statistical response surfaces. An implementation of these ideas called SiLVR, applied to a range of analog and digital circuits, in technologies from 90 to 45nm, shows significant improvements in prediction, with errors reduced by up to 21X, with very reasonable runtime costs.
A framework for distributed object-oriented multimodeling and simulation

We have developed a multimodeling object-oriented (00) simulation environment (MOOSE), which is a framework for modeling and developing simulation software. Its architecture derives from Object Oriented Physical Modeling (OOPM), which extends classical object-oriented methodology to allow attributes and methods to take on models as values. The MOOSE Model Repository (MMR) allows distributed model definitions, and so supports “web-based simulation”, integrated with the web and made available on the Internet. MOOSE features multimodeling, an 00 approach to model refinement and abstraction, allowing creation of heterogeneous hierarchical models. Dynamic models comprising multimodels include Finite State Machines, Functional Block Models, Equation Constraint Models, and Rule Based Models. MOOSE emphasizes visualization, & effective use of 00 metaphors to connect conceptual model to program, and to capture model geometry and dynamics. The MOOSE human-computer interface has two GUI’s: Modeler, for model design, and Scenario, for model execution control and visualization. MOOSE back end generates a model description in a target language such as C++, then translates and adds runtime support to form an Engine. Model execution consists of Engine running synchronously with Scenario. The MOOSE approach facilitates model development, models with greater intuitive appeal, communication among model authors, better agreement between simulation programs and their conceptual models, component reuse, and model/program extensibility.
Parameterizing the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing in cirrus cloud formation – monodisperse ice nuclei

Abstract. This study presents a comprehensive ice cloud formation parameterization that computes the ice crystal number, size distribution, and maximum supersaturation from precursor aerosol and ice nuclei. The parameterization provides an analytical solution of the cloud parcel model equations and accounts for the competition effects between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing, and, between heterogeneous freezing in different modes. The diversity of heterogeneous nuclei is described through a nucleation spectrum function which is allowed to follow any form (i.e., derived from classical nucleation theory or from observations). The parameterization reproduces the predictions of a detailed numerical parcel model over a wide range of conditions, and several expressions for the nucleation spectrum. The average error in ice crystal number concentration was −2.0±8.5% for conditions of pure heterogeneous freezing, and, 4.7±21% when both homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing were active. The formulation presented is fast and free from requirements of numerical integration.
Evolution and structure of molybdenum plasmas created on the Z-accelerator at Sandia National Laboratory

Summary form only given, as follows. Experiments on the Z Accelerator have used molybdenum wires in imploding arrays to create hot dense plasmas that radiate multi-keV energy x-rays. These molybdenum (Z = 42) plasmas create a broad spectrum of L-shell x-rays ranging from 2.3 to 3.5 keV when stripped to the sodium-, neon- and fluorine-like states. We have measured outputs in this spectral range of 65 to 80 kJ and powers up to 8 TW. The diameter of the 20 mm long plasma varies while assembling; at stagnation we have measured it to be as small as 0.7 mm, while on other shots it was compressed to a diameter of 1.3 mm. Previously reported analysis of our time-integrated spectra has indicated an electron temperature of 1.7 to 1.8 keV, with electron densities of approximately 10/sup 21/ cm/sup -3/; however, these represent spatially and temporally averaged values. In the present work we extend our analysis to include time- and space-resolved measurements of these x-rays. We use synthetic spectra to determine plasma temperatures and densities, which form the basis for a picture of plasma evolution and structure. The measurements and analysis will be presented.
Current State of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes in North America

With the large volumes of organic waste produced in the USA each year (78.7 million tons of organic municipal solid waste, 335 million tons of animal manure, and 130 million tons of biosolids), there is potential to develop a viable biogas industry via anaerobic digestion (AD) that can boost the economy and provide a reliable, distributed source of renewable energy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. AD is a better practice for organic waste management than the current practice of landfilling or incineration. Since 2013, US public policy and market conditions have been looking increasingly favorable for the development of AD of organic waste. Some of the main barriers to commercialization of an AD industry include highly variable organic waste characteristics and volume, process economics, biogas cleanup requirements, policy, and public acceptance. This paper discusses new technologies to overcome these barriers with case studies from successful companies in the USA.
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα/ESR1) mediates the p53-independent overexpression of MDM4/MDMX and MDM2 in human breast cancer.

MDM2 and MDM4 are heterodimeric, non-redundant oncoproteins that potently inhibit the p53 tumor suppressor protein. MDM2 and MDM4 also enhance the tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo models and are overexpressed in primary human breast cancers. Prior studies have characterized Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα/ESR1) as a regulator of MDM2 expression and an MDM2- and p53-interacting protein. However, similar crosstalk between ERα and MDM4 has not been investigated. Moreover, signaling pathways that mediate the overexpression of MDM4 in human breast cancer remain to be elucidated. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast invasive carcinoma patient cohort, we have analyzed correlations between ERα status and MDM4 and MDM2 expression in primary, treatment-naive, invasive breast carcinoma samples. We report that the expression of MDM4 and MDM2 is elevated in primary human breast cancers of luminal A/B subtypes and associates with ERα-positive disease, independently of p53 mutation status. Furthermore, in cell culture models, ERα positively regulates MDM4 and MDM2 expression via p53-independent mechanisms, and these effects can be blocked by the clinically-relevant endocrine therapies fulvestrant and tamoxifen. Additionally, ERα also positively regulates p53 expression. Lastly, we report that endogenous MDM4 negatively regulates ERα expression and forms a protein complex with ERα in breast cancer cell lines and primary human breast tumor tissue. This suggests direct signaling crosstalk and negative feedback loops between ERα and MDM4 expression in breast cancer cells. Collectively, these novel findings implicate ERα as a central component of the p53-MDM2-MDM4 signaling axis in human breast cancer.
A Review of “Cosmopolis: Imagining Community in Late Classical Athens and the Early Roman Empire”: Richter, D. S. Oxford: Oxford University Press 278 pp., $74.00, ISBN 978-0-19-977268-1 Publication Date: April 2011

This is an important book, and one that will be read profitably by scholars and advanced students interested in the intellectual and cultural history either of the Greek world in the fifth and four...
Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of Supracondylar Femur Fracture Fixation: Locked Intramedullary Nail Versus 95-Degree Angled Plate

Objectives:To compare the initial stability of the genucephalic (GSH) intramedullary nail and the 95-degree condylar compression screw and side plate (DCS) for distal femur fractures.Design:Human cadaveric biomechanical study.Participants:Twelve matched pairs of fresh frozen human cadaveric femurs.I
Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a case of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that are usually seen in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy although it can occasionally occur spontaneously without chemotherapy in patients with a high tumor burden. It is due to the rapid lysis of tumor cells resulting in the release of large amounts of intracellular contents in the blood stream. This results in the rapid development of high levels of phosphate, potassium and uric acid accompanied by a profound decrease in serum calcium. TLS usually occurs in bulky tumors with a high turnover such as leukemias and lymphomas. The malignancy can be undiagnosed at the time of development of TLS [1]. In this report we present a case in which the patient presented with spontaneous TLS (STLS) and was later diagnosed with high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
Recent Research Examining Links Among Klebsiella pneumoniae from Food, Food Animals, and Human Extraintestinal Infections

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a colonizer of livestock, a contaminant of retail meats and vegetables, and a cause of extraintestinal infections in humans. Antibiotic-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae are becoming increasingly prevalent among hospital and community-acquired infections. Antibiotics are used extensively in conventional food-animal production, where they select for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae has been isolated from livestock as well as from a variety of retail meats, seafood, and vegetables. Furthermore, recent phylogenetic analyses suggest close relationships between K. pneumoniae from humans and livestock. Therefore, it is essential that we quantify the contribution of foodborne K. pneumoniae to antibiotic-resistant human infections.
Abstract 1956: A novel mouse model of breast cancer metastasis to bone

Patients with advanced stage breast cancer develop bone metastasis, which leads to hypercalcemia, fractures, nerve compression, paralysis and pain. Breast cancer bone lesions can be osteolytic or osteoblastic, however osteolytic lesions are predominant. Currently, there is no experimental model available to examine osteotropism or trafficking of breast cancer cells to the bone from the primary tumor. TGFβ signaling has been suggested to be responsible for osteotropism. TGFβ stimulates Gli2 and PTHrP expression, which have been shown to be responsible for osteolysis. We have shown that MCF10A, AT-1 and CA1d human breast epithelial cells are responsive to TGFβ and express very high levels of Gli2 and PTHrP. Orthotopic grafting to the cleared fatpad of SCID mice shows that MCF10A and AT-1 cells do not form tumors, even when grafted with normal fibroblasts. CA1d carcinoma cells that are co-grafted with normal fibroblasts show rapid tumor formation with 100% incidence, whereas CA1d cells grafted alone rarely form tumors in the orthotopic site. The tumors can be localized real-time and non-invasively using optical imaging of GFP. X-ray imaging revealed loss of bone density in sacral/caudal vertebrae and hindlimbs. Ca1d grafts generate undifferentiated primary tumors that metastasize to lung and bone. Future studies will determine if CA1d cells stimulate osteolysis. This model may provide a valuable model to examine osteotropism of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1956.
An Effect of Learning on Speech Perception: The Discrimination of Durations of Silence with and without Phonemic Significance:

Discrimination of an acoustic variable (various durations of silence) was measured when, as part of a synthetic speech pattern, that variable cued a phonemic distinction and when the same variable ...
Characterization of balance control through dynamic posture shifts

The control of posture is achieved by complex integrated visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and aging may affect these systems resulting in compromised balance control and subsequent increase in risk of falling. Typically, balance control is evaluated with static posturography and dynamic posturography involving applied or volitional perturbation. In this study, we have utilized dynamic posture shifts that mimic everyday reaching tasks to distinguish balance performance among young, elderly, and people with PD. A total of 57 subjects were recruited: young (21 subjects, 19-32 years), elderly (22 subjects, 50-75 years), and PD (17 subjects, 53-72 years). The dynamic posture shift task involves subjects moving their Center-of-Pressure (CoP) from a center (quiet standing position) to different outward targets (leaning position) then back to center, and hold their CoP inside the targets for about 2 seconds. During these movements, their CoP was displayed in real-time as a circular cursor on a monitor at eye level. Many balance indices were calculated from stabilogram obtained from CoP data of each target presentation. Of them, the path length during movement phase was significantly different (p
Postoperative Management of Arterial Switch Operation for Complex Transposition of the Great Arteries

OBJECTIVE To sum up the postoperative management of arterial switch operation(ASO) for complex transposition of the great arteries(TGA-VSD).METHODS 129 patients with complex transposition of the great arteries received ASO from Jan.2001 to Mar.2007.There were 83 patients with TGA-VSD,34 patients with Taussig-Bing anomaly and 12 patients with congenitally corrected TGA(ccTGA).Age at operation ranged from 6 days to 7 years(17.25±22.66 months),and the mean body weight was(9.42±5.50)kg.In these patients 72 cases had middle-severe pulmonary hypertension.All the patients were performed by ASO while 10 cases with pulmonary valves stenosis were performed by Nikaidoh procedure and 12 cases of ccTGA by double switch operation including Senning procedure and ASO.There were 14 cases with single ostium patterns and 3 cases with intramural coronary arteries.The postoperative management including the respiratory and circulatory support as well as the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.RESULTS The hospital mortality rate was 7.75%(n=10 cases) in 129 patients.CONCLUSION ASO can be performed safely and has satisfactory results in TGA and Taussig-Bing anomaly or ccTGA.Correct management for these patients in the early days after operation could efficiently prevent the postoperative pulmonary hypertension crisis.
Perioperative use of antibiotics in otologic procedures.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Surgical site infections (SSIs) have garnered tremendous attention in recent years. Surgeons tend to administer antimicrobial agents liberally, partly over fears of being sued or not paid to care for the SSI. As a result, microbial resistance to conventional agents continues to increase. RECENT FINDINGS Few new studies have been published in the otologic literature. The use of perioperative 'bundles' has been shown to be effective in reducing SSIs in procedures such as craniotomy. A single dose of antistaphylococcal and antipseudomonal prophylaxis appears to be highly efficacious prior to contaminated tympanomastoid surgery. Overuse of antimicrobial therapy can paradoxically increase SSIs. SUMMARY Otologic surgeons should adhere to established best practices when prescribing antimicrobial therapy perioperatively. Clinical trials of perioperative bundles are needed for otologic procedures.
Enzyme immunoassay in cell monolayers for evaluation of in vitro activity of chemotherapeutic agents against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Abstract A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), performed directly on monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages or L 929 fibroblasts, was used to evaluate the activity of chemotherapeutic agents against four different stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi. Absorbance readings, performed in an automatic ELISA reader, were directly related to the number of intracellular parasites as determined by microscopic examination of tissue culture slides run in parallel. Results were highly reproducible in replicate wells and in repeated experiments. Results with nifurtimox, ketoconazole, and formycin B, compounds known to have in vivo activity against T. cruzi, revealed that the ELISA technique was capable of detecting small dose-response variations in the rate of phagocytosis of different life cycle stages of T. cruzi by normal and activated mouse macrophages.
Chapter 15 – Designer Oil Crops

Oilseed crops are predominantly grown for the oil contained in their seeds. The vegetable oil is primarily utilized as edible oil; however, oilseeds are also used as protein meals for livestock, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, as well as other oleochemical industrial uses. Oilseeds have attracted more attention in the last two decades due to their application in biofuel production. The increased interest resulted in an expansion of oilseed crop cultivation area and production. Triglycerides, composed of various fatty acids, are the main component of vegetable oil. Many genes in the triglyceride biosynthesis pathway have been identified and are well studied. Genetic engineering allows insertion or modification of genes involved in the synthesis of a desired fatty acid to accumulate its higher level or even to produce a desired fatty acid. Novel technologies have opened up new pathways making sustainable production of these designer crops a reality.
CHAPTER 7 – Discretization versus Decomposition

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses discretization and decomposition. The chapter presents useful relations between differentials, differences, and delays. Difference equations occur as recurrence relations in series solutions of ordinary differential equations, in some mathematical applications such as the gambler's ruin problem and evaluation of the Euler gamma function, but the most interesting is the discretization of differential and partial differential equations for solution by computers. Computer methods are based on changing continuous problems to discrete problems. Nonlinear partial differential equations are easily calculated. The decomposition method does not linearize, solves continuously, and is computable with no cumbersome integrals as arise in Picard's method. The difference equations can be investigated in terms of differential-delay equations. The chapter describes the difference equations for computers. It also discusses supercomputers, which are developing rapidly because of the urgent need in meteorology, fluid dynamics, fusion research, intelligent missile guidance, and weapons design.
Learning with many irrelevant features

In many domains, an appropriate inductive bias is the MIN-FEATURES bias, which prefers consistent hypotheses definable over as few features as possible. This paper defines and studies this bias. First, it is shown that any learning algorithm implementing the MIN-FEATURES bias requires Θ(1/e ln 1/δ+ 1/e[2p + p ln n]) training examples to guarantee PAC-learning a concept having p relevant features out of n available features. This bound is only logarithmic in the number of irrelevant features. The paper also presents a quasi-polynomial time algorithm, FOCUS, which implements MIN-FEATURES. Experimental studies are presented that compare FOCUS to the ID3 and FRINGE algorithms. These experiments show that-- contrary to expectations--these algorithms do not implement good approximations of MIN-FEATURES. The coverage, sample complexity, and generalization performance of FOCUS is substantially better than either ID3 or FRINGE on learning problems where the MIN-FEATURES bias is appropriate. This suggests that, in practical applications, training data should be preprocessed to remove irrelevant features before being given to ID3 or FRINGE.
Toward custom design of diamond-based quantum sensors (Conference Presentation)

I discuss new ways to grow diamond that promise near-deterministic design of fluorescent color-centers, optimized for quantum sensing applications. Briefly diamonds are grown around diamond-like organic seed molecules that have the dopant atoms needed for specific color centers, located in the correct approximate locations. It can be seen that this approach can give unprecedented control over the number and placement of color centers. Complete quantum registers might also be fabricated, for example a nitrogen-vacancy and at 13C atom with a well-defined separation surrounded by only 12C diamond. In this talk I will discuss our first key success, which is growing diamonds under conditions where the seed molecules are stable, as well as current experiments.
Phase II trial of carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab in metastatic nonsquamous (NSC) lung cancer.

e18122 Background: The trial was designed to examine PFS, OS and toxicities of a novel 3 drug combination in advanced NSC lung cancer. The first patient was entered 3/08 and the last in 5/11. Metho...
Voltage-Sensitive Potassium Channels of the BK Type and Their Coding Genes Are Alcohol Targets in Neurons.

Among all members of the voltage-gated, TM6 ion channel superfamily, the proteins that constitute calcium- and voltage-gated potassium channels of large conductance (BK) and their coding genes are unique for their involvement in ethanol-induced disruption of normal physiology and behavior. Moreover, in vitro studies document that BK activity is modified by ethanol with an EC50~23 mM, which is near blood alcohol levels considered legal intoxication in most states of the USA (0.08 g/dL = 17.4 mM). Following a succinct introduction to our current understanding of BK structure and function in central neurons, with a focus on neural circuits that contribute to the neurobiology of alcohol use disorders (AUD), we review the modifications in organ physiology by alcohol exposure via BK and the different molecular elements that determine the ethanol response of BK in alcohol-naive systems, including the role of an ethanol-recognizing site in the BK-forming slo1 protein, modulation of accessory BK subunits, and their coding genes. The participation of these and additional elements in determining the response of a system or an organism to protracted ethanol exposure is consequently analyzed, with insights obtained from invertebrate and vertebrate models. Particular emphasis is put on the role of BK and coding genes in different forms of tolerance to alcohol exposure. We finally discuss genetic results on BK obtained in invertebrate organisms and rodents in light of possible extrapolation to human AUD.
Severe Unintentional Injuries to Ohio Children: What We Should Be Addressing at Well-Child Visits:

This was a retrospective study examining severe injuries to Ohio children in order to provide pediatricians with targeted injury talking points at well visits. We included children ≤14 years old from the Ohio Trauma Acute Care Registry with severe unintentional injuries from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2012. There were 45 347 patients; 611 died, and the mean age was 6.8 years. Fractures/dislocations were common (46.6%), and many injuries occurred at home (49.1%). In children ≤2 years old, the leading causes of injury were falls and burns/fire; falls and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) predominated above this age. Leading causes of death were MVCs, drowning, and suffocation. We concluded that national data may not always reflect state-specific injury patterns. In Ohio, though falls and MVCs were the most common mechanisms, fire and drowning also caused significant injury. Given limited time to discuss injury prevention, pediatricians should concentrate on statewide injuries.
The common γ-chain cytokine IL-7 promotes immunopathogenesis during fungal asthma

Asthmatics sensitized to fungi are reported to have more severe asthma, yet the immunopathogenic pathways contributing to this severity have not been identified. In a pilot assessment of human asthmatics, those subjects sensitized to fungi demonstrated elevated levels of the common γ-chain cytokine IL-7 in lung lavage fluid, which negatively correlated with the lung function measurement PC20. Subsequently, we show that IL-7 administration during experimental fungal asthma worsened lung function and increased the levels of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), proallergic chemokines (CCL17, CCL22) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β). Intriguingly, IL-7 administration also increased IL-22, which we have previously reported to drive immunopathogenic responses in experimental fungal asthma. Employing IL22CreR26ReYFP reporter mice, we identified γδ T cells, iNKT cells, CD4 T cells and ILC3s as sources of IL-22 during fungal asthma; however, only iNKT cells were significantly increased after IL-7 administration. IL-7-induced immunopathogenesis required both type 2 and IL-22 responses. Blockade of IL-7Rα in vivo resulted in attenuated IL-22 production, lower CCL22 levels, decreased iNKT cell, CD4 T-cell and eosinophil recruitment, yet paradoxically increased dynamic lung resistance. Collectively, these results suggest a complex role for IL-7 signaling in allergic fungal asthma.
Infusing Etiology into Intervention: A Model for Translational Research in Education

Abstract Etiologically specific information regarding disability-specific profiles and developmental trajectories has exploded during the past decade (see Dykens, Hodapp and Finucane, 2000 for a review) however; there remains a dearth of information regarding recommended practices for individuals with most neurodevelopmental genetic disorders. Advances in the fields of psychology, education and medicine have been extensive but what continues to be missing is the partnering of expertise and the sharing of information. This chapter presents a framework for linking research across domains and translating that research into educational practice. The chapter expands the use of the RTI (Response to Intervention) model creating a framework to address the needs of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. A case study using fragile X syndrome illustrates the model and supports a system for advancing research in this area.
Half-lives and actions of intracerebrally injected isoquinolines.

The chronic infusion of the tetrahydroisoquinclines (TIQs), tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) or salsolinol into the cerebral ventricle of the rat induces an increase in ethanol drinking (Myers and Melchior, 1977a,b). Although a dose-response relationship was not shown, a range of doses from 2.0 μg every 15 minutes to 0.4 ng every 30 minutes has proven efficacious (Melchior and Myers, 1977a,b).
Ethical Leadership and Gratitude During Organizational Change

We explore ethical leadership in the context of organizational change by introducing a model of the moderating role of dispositional gratitude representing moral affect in the relationship between ...
Minimizing Mistakes in Psychological Science

Developing and implementing best practices in organizing a lab is challenging, especially in the face of new cultural norms, such as the open-science movement. Part of this challenge in today’s lan...
Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding In Patients Admitted With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) poses significant management challenges and may be associated with poor outcomes. We sought to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of GIB in STEMI patients using a nationwide database. We identified adults admitted with STEMI between in the National Inpatient Sample (2003 to 2016), and compared the morbidity, mortality, resource utilization, and cost in patients with and without GIB. We assessed rates of endoscopy referral and its associated with mortality. Among 1,450,696 weighted STEMI hospitalizations, 32,624 (2.2%) were complicated with GIB. Patients with GIB were older, and had distinctive characteristics compared to those without GIB. Older age, cardiogenic shock; history of peptic ulcer disease, cirrhosis, anemia, or alcohol use disorder were the strongest predictors of GIB during STEMI hospitalizations. In-hospital mortality was higher in the GIB group (28.2% vs 11.1%, p 24-hours after admission, and those transferred to another hospital. Post-STEMI GIB was associated with more strokes and acute kidney injury, longer hospitalizations, and higher cost. In a logistic regression analysis, GIB was independently associated with mortality (odds ratios [OR] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85 to 1.97, p <0.001). There was a correlation between undergoing endoscopy and lower in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 0.27; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.29; adjusted-OR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.33; p <0.001). In conclusion, GIB complicating STEMI is uncommon but is associated with excess morbidity, mortality, resource utilization and cost. Referral to endoscopy in this cohort may be associated with reduced in-hospital mortality.
The Dosimetric Impact of Interfractional Organ-at-Risk Movement During Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Abstract Purpose Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an effective therapy for treating liver malignancies. However, little is known about interfractional dose variations to adjacent organs at risk (OARs). We examine the effects of interfractional organ movement and setup variation on dose delivered to OARs in patients receiving liver SBRT. Methods and Materials Thirty patients treated with liver SBRT were analyzed. Daily image guidance with diagnostic quality computed tomography-on-rails imaging was performed before each fraction. In phase 1, these daily images were used to delineate all OARs including the liver, heart, right kidney, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and large bowel in 10 patients. In phase 2, only OARS in close proximity to the target were contoured in 20 additional patients. Dose distribution on each daily computed tomography was generated, and daily doses to each OAR were recorded and compared with clinical thresholds to determine whether a daily dose excess (DDE) occurred. Results In phase 1, significant interfractional dose differences between planned and delivered dose to OARs were observed, but differences were rarely clinically significant, with just 1 DDE. In phase 2, multiple DDEs were recorded for OARs close to the target, mainly involving the stomach, heart, and esophagus. Tumors in the hilum and liver segments I, IV, and VIII were the most common locations for DDEs. On root cause analysis, 3 etiologies of DDE emerged: craniocaudal shift (69.2%), anatomic changes (28.2%), and anteroposterior shifts (2.6%). Conclusions OARs close to liver lesions may receive higher doses than expected during SBRT owing to interfractional variations in OARs relative to the target. These differences in planned versus expected dose can lead to toxicity. Efforts to better evaluate OARs with daily image guidance may help reduce risks. Application of adaptive replanning and improved and real-time image guidance could mitigate risks of toxicity, and further study into their applications is warranted.
Studying the Influence of the Neighborhood Obesogenic Environment on Breast Cancer in Epidemiological Cohorts: The Multiethnic Cohort

The obesogenic environment, defined as neighborhood social and built environment attributes that promote a positive energy balance and obesity, has only recently been considered for its role in shaping racial/ethnic disparities in obesity-related cancer outcomes. Applying a multilevel framework, the influence of the neighborhood obesogenic environment on breast cancer incidence was examined in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), with attention to differential associations in four major racial/ethnic groups—African American, Japanese American, Latino, and white. This chapter describes the approaches used to characterize the neighborhood obesogenic environment in the MEC, provides an overview of key findings in relation to post-menopausal breast cancer incidence, and discusses challenges and opportunities in neighborhood contextual studies of breast cancer. Findings to date suggest that a composite metric of neighborhood socioeconomic status is an independent risk factor for breast cancer across diverse populations, and that attributes of the built environment (e.g., mixed-land use and unhealthy food environments) have varying effects on breast cancer incidence by race/ethnicity. Future neighborhood studies in the MEC will capitalize on novel longitudinal geospatial methods, expand to additional neighborhood measures, and integrate genetic and biomarker data. Robust epidemiologic cohorts integrating geospatial- and individual-level data are imperative to delineate and understand the key neighborhood attributes that impact breast cancer development, with the potential to ultimately impact public policies.
Caught in the Crunch: School District Financial Condition and Performance:

The ability of public organizations under fiscal stress to achieve their goals and maintain public service delivery warrants attention. Using an eleven-year panel of school-district data from New Y...
The Disease Ecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management of Trichinellosis Linked to Consumption of Wild Animal Meat

Historically, human trichinellosis was caused by Trichinella spiralis and transmitted to humans by consumption of undercooked domestic pork. Today, most cases of trichinellosis are caused by other Trichinella species and transmitted by consumption of raw or undercooked wild game meats. Given the increasing global prevalence of wild animal meat-linked trichinellosis, the objectives of this review are: 1) to describe the life cycle and global distribution of Trichinella worms; 2) to describe the changing epidemiology of trichinellosis; 3) to describe the clinical phases of trichinellosis; 4) to recommend the latest diagnostic tests; and 5) to recommend treatment and prevention strategies. Internet search engines were queried with keywords as subject headings to meet the objectives of this review. Although trichinellosis surveillance systems and laws regulating commercial pork production have limited T spiralis-caused trichinellosis in Europe and the United States, trichinellosis due to consumption of raw and undercooked wild boar and feral hog meat continues to occur throughout Southeast Asia. Trichinellosis due to consumption of raw or undercooked meats of other infected game, such as bear, deer, moose, and walrus, continues to occur worldwide. Only adherence to hygienic practices when preparing wild game meats and cooking wild game meats to recommended internal temperatures can prevent transmission of trichinellosis to humans. Wilderness medicine clinicians should be prepared to advise hunters and the public on the risks of game meat-linked trichinellosis and on how to diagnose and treat trichinellosis to prevent fatal complications.
The Association of Uveal Nevi with Skin Nevi

THE WORD nevus is derived from natus ("born") and was originally used loosely to designate almost any type of the so-called birthmark. It is still applied rather ambiguously to various unrelated conditions, principally to pigmented lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, but also commonly to certain types of hemangioma (naevus flammeus and port-wine hemangioma of the skin) and sometimes to various pigmented tumors of the uveal tract. It is now generally believed that the term should be restricted to lesions composed of so-called nevus cells. The nevus cell is a ubiquitous component, with definite characteristics ; but its precise nature has been the subject of extensive controversy. The argument has been raging, indeed, virtually from the birth of the cellular concept, and only in recent years have there been any areas of agreement among observers. At the present most pathologists accept the Masson theory that nevus cells are modified Schwann
Fine-scale movement decisions by a large carnivore inform conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes

Developed landscapes are increasingly important movement habitat for many large carnivore populations, despite fragmentation and heightened anthropogenic risks. The availability of vegetation cover is a key factor mediating carnivore use of human-dominated landscapes. Restoring or modifying networks of vegetation patches may therefore provide an important tool for enhancing the connectivity value of developed areas, but requires understanding how vegetation patch networks are functionally linked by carnivore movement decisions, which occur at scales considerably finer than those typically addressed by connectivity analyses. We investigated the factors driving fine-scale movement decisions by pumas (Puma concolor) in fragmented habitats and applied our results to enhancing puma connectivity through human-dominated landscapes. We used high-resolution data on vegetation cover and puma locations from central California to model puma habitat selection at the scale of individual movements between vegetation patches. These results informed network-based connectivity models comparing the benefits of specific wildlife corridor restoration actions (e.g., revegetation). Puma movements between vegetation patches were driven by patch size, vegetation type, and spatial arrangement relative to sources of anthropogenic risk (buildings). Pumas avoided buildings but accepted higher building densities as patch area increased or inter-patch travel distances decreased. Connectivity modeling revealed that the strategic placement of vegetation patches can substantially reduce resistance to puma movement across an otherwise high resistance developed landscape by diversifying movement options. Our results reveal the factors mediating large carnivore use of human-dominated landscapes and provide a generalizable tool for increasing movement potential via the manipulation of vegetation cover.
Modular Construction: Determining Decision-Making Factors and Future Research Needs

AbstractWith a compound annual growth rate of 5.69%, the modular construction market is forecasted to increase to a market value of $154.8 million by the end of 2023. Traditional stick-built constr...
Alternative Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction: a Growing Arsenal in Men’s Health

To highlight and review encouraging preliminary studies behind several alternative products and interventions for erectile dysfunction (ED). Alternative treatments for ED are becoming more prevalent with increased consumer interest. “Natural” products are sold online, and numerous clinics offer various off-label and investigational interventions. These alternative treatments have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in randomized trials and meta-analyses, but none of these interventions has robust enough evidence to be considered first-line therapy. These treatments may find a role in combination with guideline treatments or may be used in novel penile rehabilitation research protocols. With growing interest in alternative treatment for men’s health, an awareness of the literature is imperative for patient counsel. Alternative treatments, like l-arginine, have a growing body of evidence for efficacy in combination with PDE5i, and low-intensity shock wave therapy and stem cell therapy continue to demonstrate encouraging outcomes in ED trials.
On the Representation of Hyporheic Exchange in Models for Reactive Transport in Stream and River Corridors

Efforts to include more detailed representations of biogeochemical processes in basin-scale water quality simulation tools face the challenge of how to tractably represent mass exchange between the flowing channels of streams and rivers and biogeochemical hotspots in the hyporheic zones. Multiscale models that use relatively coarse representations of the channel network with subgrid models for mass exchange and reactions in the hyporheic zone have started to emerge to address that challenge. Two such multiscale models are considered here, one based on a stochastic Lagrangian travel time representation of advective pumping and one on multirate diffusive exchange. The two models are formally equivalent to well-established integrodifferential representations for transport of non-reacting tracers in steady stream flow, which have been very successful in reproducing stream tracer tests. Despite that equivalence, the two models are based on very different model structures and produce significantly different results in reactive transport. In a simple denitrification example, denitrification is 2-3 times greater for the advection-based model because the multirate diffusive model has direct connections between the stream channel and transient storage zones and an assumption of mixing in the transient storage zones that prevent oxygen levels from dropping to the point where denitrification can progress uninhibited. By contrast, the advection-based model produces distinct redox zonation, allowing for denitrification to proceed uninhibited on part of the hyporheic flowpaths. These results demonstrate that conservative tracer tests alone are inadequate for constraining representation of mass transfer in models for reactive transport in streams and rivers.
A deep learning application to approximate the geometric orifice and coaptation areas of the polymeric heart valves under time - varying transvalvular pressure.

Abstract Machine learning and deep learning frameworks have been presented as a substitute for lengthy computational analysis, such as finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and fluid-structure interaction. In this study, our objective was to apply a deep learning framework to predict the geometric orifice (GOA) and the coaptation areas (CA) of the polymeric heart valves under the time-varying transvalvular pressure. 377 different valve geometries were generated by changing the control coordinates of the attachment and the belly curve. The GOA and the CA values were obtained at the maximum and the minimum transvalvular pressure, respectively. The results showed that the applied framework can accurately predict the GOA and the CA despite being trained with a relatively smaller data set. The presented framework can reduce the required time of the lengthy FE frameworks.
The Rise and Fall of the Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union

In the introduction to his edited volume The Elaine Massacre and Arkansas: A Century of Atrocity and Resistance, 1819–-1919 (Butler Center Books 2018), historian Guy Lancaster notes “the outsized i...