cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Walton's Redaction of Hooker

Richard Hooker's Of The Laws of Ecclesiasticall Polity is in many ways the great explicit crystallization of the whole philosophic scheme by which Elizabethan England lived. Historically it represents the doctrinal “Thus far and no farther” which the English monarchy flung at the forces of the Reformation. Published at a moment of crisis in 1593, the first four Books provided a base upon which the hard-pressed Anglicans could rally against the renewed attacks of Presbyterianism. With the Fifth Book (published in 1597) they remained the great touchstone of Anglican doctrine throughout the seventeenth century. It is no small weapon in controversy to have your doctrines demonstrated so unanswerably as Hooker did the Anglican to be the logical manifestation of the one great integrated scheme of the universe which all parties already accept as valid.
Unified model for nonideal multicomponent molecular diffusion coefficients

Multicomponent diffusion is important in a variety of applications. In order to calculate diffusion flux, molecular diffusion coefficients are required, where fluid nonideality and the multicomponent nature of the mixture have a significant effect. A unified model for the calculation of diffusion coefficients of gas, liquid and supercritical states of nonpolar multicomponent mixtures is presented. A new correlation is proposed for the binary infinite dilution-diffusion coefficients. The generalized Vignes relation is used in multicomponent mixtures. Nonideality is rigorously described by the fugacity derivatives evaluated by the volume-translated Peng-Robinson equation of state. Predictions for highly nonideal gas and liquid multicomponent mixtures demonstrate the reliability of the proposed methodology. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Signal properties of reinforcement and reinforcement omission on a multiple fixed-ratio schedule

A series of experiments used food-deprived pigeons to examine several parameters of reinforcement omission in an attempt to control changes of keypeck response measures on a subsequent schedule. In Experiments 1 and 2, the pigeons were tested with a multiple fixed-ratio schedule on which reinforcement was occasionally omitted at the completion of the first component. The duration of the delay occurring in lieu of reinforcement was systematically varied. In Experiment 3, the stimulus that signaled the second component of the schedule was altered to appear either more or less similar to the stimulus that signaled the first component. Two principal results are reported: (1) Response latency decreased and, to a much lesser extent, terminal response rate increased as the delay occurring in lieu of reinforcement decreased; and (2) both latency decrease and response-rate increase were enhanced by a second component stimulus which was similar to the first. The results are evaluated in terms of Amsel’s frustration theory and an analysis by Staddon which suggests that reinforcement inhibits responding. The data appear to support Staddon’s argument that rate increases and latency decreases following reinforcement omission are largely a function of an attenuation of the inhibitory influence of reinforcement, an effect that is enhanced by stimulus generalization. Accordingly, it is proposed that an animal’s response to reinforcement omission is determined by a stimulus complex that minimally includes the omission event and component cues.
Salmonella typhi: the laboratory as a reservoir of infection.

As part of educational and proficiency exercises thousands of students and laboratory personnel have been exposed to Salmonella typhi. In a retrospective study 24 cases of laboratory-acquired typhoid fever in the United States during a 33-month period were identified; laboratory-acquired cases represented only 2.4% of all typhoid cases but 11.2% of the sporadic cases. Twenty-one of the 24 cases occurred when S. typhi was voluntarily introduced into the laboratory for educational proficiency testing or research purposes. Twelve patients were exposed to S. typhi when working with it as an unknown organism; another five were merely present in the laboratory. Obvious breaks in technique were found to be the cause of infection for only seven of the 24 patients, although infection of the others implies that breaks in technique occurred. Laboratoryacquired typhoid fever may serve as a marker for other less severe laboratory-acquired infections; these data suggest that such infections could be common. Laboratory-acquired infections caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, rickettsial, and parasitic agents have been recognized since the beginning of this century [1]. For certain "exotic" infections, laboratory work may constitute the major exposure to those agents. In contrast, typhoid fever was so common in the community in the past that laboratory-acquired infections, although well recognized [2], constituted a small proportion of the total. Frequent exposure to Salmonella typhi, the causative organism of typhoid fever, was a necessary occupational hazard. The incidence of typhoid fever has been declining in the United States and is now <5%o of the in
Radiofrequency catheter ablation as a cure for idiopathic tachycardia of both left and eight ventricular origin

Objectives. The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate the efficacy and safely of radiofrequency energy catheter ablation as curative treatment for idiopathic tachycardia of both left and right ventricular origin, and 2) to compare the usefulness of different methods used to map the site of origin of idiopathic veotricular tachycardia. Background. Percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation has been used with dramatic success in the treatment of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia and bundle branch reentrant tachycardia. Limited data are available on the use of radiofrequency energy catheter ablation as curative treatment for idiopathic tachycardia of both left and right ventricular origin. Methods. Twenty-eight consecutive patients (13 to 71 years old) presenting with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia were enrolled in the study. The site of origin of both left and right ventricular tachycardia was mapped using earliest endocardial activation times during tachycardia and by pace mapping. These mapping techniques were compared. Results. Radiofrequency ablation was successful in all eight patients (100%) with left ventricular tachycardia. Tachycardia recurred in one patient. The ablation procedure was complicated by mild aortic insufficiency in one patient. Right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia was successfully ablated in 17 (85%) of 20 patients. The success rate at follow-up was 85%. In one patient, the ablation procedure was complicated by acute ventricular perforation and death. Pace maps from successful ablation sites were better than pace maps from unsuccessful sites (p < 0.004). Endocardial activation times at successful ablation sites were not different from unsuccessful sites (p < 0.13). Conclusions. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is an effective treatment for idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. The site of origin of tachycardia is best identified using pace mapping. Significant complications can occur and should be considered in the risk/ benefit analysis for each patient.
Recent PHENIX Results from the RHIC Energy Scan

Abstract The PHENIX experiment has analyzed data produced in beam energy scans performed by the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, that cover an energy range of s N N = 7.7 GeV to 200 GeV. Analyses search for signatures of the onset of sQGP formation and the QCD critical point by examining the evolution of event characteristics versus centrality as s N N is varied. Results from excitation studies of global variables and their fluctuations, parton energy loss, J / ψ R A A and anisotropic flow are presented.
Expert Judgment and High Level Nuclear Waste Management

Prominent figures believe that expert judgment must play a decisive role in implementing the NWPAA. A critical, philosophical examination of this method is provided. Resolution of difficulties inherent to expert judgment reveals the adoption of equally problematic epistemological assumptions. A fresh approach which rejects the dichotomies bred by the controversy over the status of expert judgment is offered.
Targeted A --> T and G --> T mutations induced by site-specific deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine adducts, respectively, from the (+)-anti-diol epoxide of dibenz[a,j]anthracene in M13mp7L2.

The studies described in this report directly examined the mutagenicity in Escherichia coli of both a deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and a deoxyguanosine (dGuo) adduct derived from (+)-anti-dibenz[a,j]-anthracene-3,4-diol 1,2-epoxide [(+)anti-DB[a,j]A-DE] that were site-specifically placed in a single-stranded M13mp7L2 replication vector. An 11-base oligonucleotide (5'-CTC ACG CTT CT-3') containing either a single (+)anti-DB[a,j]A-DE--trans-N2-dGuo or (+)anti-DB[a,j]A-DE--trans-N6dAdo adduct was successfully incorporated into single-stranded M13mp7L2 plasmid via ligation. In vitro studies using E. coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment)indicated that both adducts were effective blocks for polymerase action. E. coli strains JM103 and JM103 uvrA6 were subsequently transformed with control (unadducted) and adduct-containing M13mp7L2 constructs followed by analysis of progeny DNA. In both JM103 and JM103 uvrA6 cells, plaque yields were markedly reduced with adduct containing vectors compared to control vectors. Activation of the inducible bacterial DNA repair system (SOS) by UV light only slightly increased the number of plaques recovered from either bacterial strain transformed with adduct-containing vectors. Targeted mutations were obtained with both adduct-containing vectors in both bacterial strains, whereas no mutations were detected in plaques recovered from control M13mp7L2 vectors. In JM103 cells, (+)anti-DB[a,j]A-DE--N6-dAdo induced exclusively A --> t transversions and (+)anti-DB[a,j]A-DE--N2-dGuo induced exclusively G --> T transversions. In JM103 uvrA6 cells, similar targeted transversion mutations were also obtained except that a few C deletions (i.e., aprroximately 10% of the mutations) were detected immediately 3' to the dAdo adduct. While mutagenesis was SOS dependent in JM103 cells [ T mutations can be rationalized by either misinformational or noninformational mechanisms. In contrast, A --> T mutations are unlikely to arise via a misinformational pathway, which provides the strongest support to date that bulky DNA adducts can induce mutations via a noninformational pathway.
Rockets and feathers in power futures markets? Evidence from the second phase of the EU ETS

Abstract This paper examines the possibility of asymmetric transmission of CO 2 prices to electricity futures prices in the second phase of the European Emission Trading Scheme. We would like to assess whether output prices tend to respond more quickly to input price increases than decreases: this phenomenon is known as “rockets and feathers” in the literature. Compared to Zachmann and von Hirschhausen (2008), who carried out a similar analysis for Germany in the first phase of the Emission Trading Scheme with data from 2005 to 2006, our study spans a longer timeframe (July 2007–June 2010), with a presumably more mature permit market, and includes three additional European countries (France, Belgium and the Netherlands). Results do not provide empirical evidence of statistically significant differences in the response of power prices to positive and negative shocks in CO 2 allowance and fuel markets.
Painting words, tasting sound: visions of Krishna in Paramanand's sixteenth-century devotional poetry

Paramānand was a 16th century saint from the Braj region of India who composed devotional poetry addressed to the Hindu god Krishna. His poems are still sung today in homes and temples according to daily and yearly ritual cycles. According to the Vaisnava tradition, one of the major 16th-century Hindu devotional communities, Paramānand himself saw Krihna's play, and his lyrics are so profound that contemporary devotees can see themselves as players in Krishna's other-wordly, or better, nonwordly, games. Visnavas know these games as līlā. The author argue here that the aesthetic experience of hearing Paramānand's lyrics has provided an occasion for devotees through the centuries to experience a complementary sensual experience: seeing Krishna (darsana). Ultimately, every Krishna worshiper has the same goal: to participate in Krishna's games. Each of Paramānand's poems contains the potential for a highly individualized experience in which a devotee may ritually and sensibly join in Krishna's līlā. Each poem, therefore, contains the seeds of a synaesthetic transformation of language into vision. The dominant figure of speech underlying Paramānand's poetry is the metaphor of seeing Krishna through words. The author consult the literature on synaesthetic transformation to explain how Paramānand transforms words into sight. To hear Paramānand's lyrics is to see Krishna.
Diversity Issues in Movement Observation and Assessment

Dance/movement therapy (DMT), like any psychotherapy, must operate in ways that embrace and articulate diversity issues, making sure that power, privilege, and difference are navigated skillfully on nonverbal as well as verbal levels. This includes issues that arise in movement observation and assessment. This article, by reviewing and extending existing literature in DMT and other fields, attempts to suggest ways in which movement assessment may unconsciously enact bias by subtly pathologizing how the “different” body moves and acts. This article also suggests ways dance/movement therapists can contribute to social justice pedagogy as it pertains to the moving body and to actively work for social justice for those with bodies different from sociocultural norms.
A contingent cost analysis of alternative manufacturing information systems

The evaluation of alternative management information systems can aid systems analysts determine appropriate information support for managers, aid managers to become informed participants in the system design process, and aid the planning of information systems in response to changes in the firm. Synthesizing microeconomic and contingency theories, this paper performs a cost analysis of two popular manufacturing information systems. The relative cost-effectiveness of these two systems is hypothesized and then validated using a random survey of manufacturing firms across the USA. A logistical regression of the data provides estimates of the relative information system cost-effectiveness in various manufacturing contexts.
Educational Software Evaluation Process

The Active Digital Library at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center has created and implemented an educational software evaluation process to facilitate the timely recommendation for product acquisition. Using this process, breadth and depth of subject coverage, clarity of presentation, quality of construction, and ease of use are being assessed by content and technical experts. The process uses a team approach, employing a bi-level evaluation instrument based on existing software evaluation forms and system bug reports.
Feedback Inhibition Defines Transverse Processing Modules in the Lateral Amygdala

The lateral amygdaloid (LA) nucleus is the main input station of the amygdala for sensory afferents. However, it is unclear how the lateral nucleus transforms these inputs, because its intrinsic connectivity is poorly understood. Here, we took advantage of the fact that glutamatergic neurons of the lateral nucleus send a primarily unidirectional projection to the basomedial nucleus. Consequently, it was possible to infer the targets of their intranuclear axons (projection cells vs inhibitory interneurons) by backfiring some projection neurons from the basomedial nucleus and analyzing evoked responses in other LA projection cells. Basomedial stimuli evoked markedly different synaptic responses depending on the orientation of the slices. In coronal slices (intact and decorticated), the prevalent response of LA neurons was an inhibition, regardless of the stimulation intensity. This inhibition was sensitive to GABAA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists, suggesting that it was mediated by the activation of GABAergic cells of the LA. In contrast, basomedial stimuli primarily evoked EPSPs in horizontal slices, regardless of the position of recorded neurons. In light of these findings, we conclude that the prevalent target of the intrinsic axon collaterals of projection cells depend on the rostrocaudal position of target neurons with respect to the parent cell body: inhibitory interneurons at rostrocaudal proximity versus other projection cells at a distance. Thus, feedback interneurons effectively divide the lateral nucleus in transverse processing modules that prevent runaway excitation within each module but allow intermixing of sensory information in the rostrocaudal plane.
Population impact of mass incarceration under New York's Rockefeller drug laws: an analysis of years of life lost.

BACKGROUND Now nearing the 30th year since their passage by the State’s legislature, New York’s “Rockefeller drug laws” (RDL) mandate long prison sentences for drug offenders – most commonly for possession or sale of small quantities of illicit drugs.1 The length of the sentences under RDL are based on the type and quantity of drugs involved and on the defendants prior offenses. Penalties are applied regardless of the circumstances of arrest, but most are “buy and bust” entrapments of drug users by undercover narcotic police operating in targeted communities. Facing long mandatory sentences if found guilty in a jury trial and less than adequate legal representation from poorly compensated public defenders, most drug defendants agree to plead guilty to lesser offenses than those in the original charges. Over 90% of drug cases are plea bargained directly with the prosecutors and do not involve jury trials to determine guilt or innocence.1 Thus, once the amount of drugs and prior record have been determined, the sentencing rules do not permit judicial discretion that would allow judges to take extenuating circumstances into account in determining the length of sentences on a case by case basis.
Using cloud-computing applications to support collaborative scientific inquiry: Examining pre-service teachers’ perceived barriers towards integration / Utilisation d'applications infonuagiques pour appuyer la recherche scientifique collaborative

Technology plays a crucial role in facilitating collaboration within the scientific community. Cloud-computing applications can be used to model such collaboration and support inquiry within the secondary science classroom. Little is known about pre-service teachers’ beliefs related to the envisioned use of this technology in their teaching. These beliefs may influence future integration. This study finds several first-order barriers, such as perceptions that these tools would take too much time to use. Second-order barriers include perceptions that this technology would not promote face-to-face collaboration skills, would create social loafing situations, and beliefs that the technology does not help students understand the nature of science. Suggestions for mitigating these barriers within pre-service education technology courses are discussed. La technologie joue un role essentiel pour faciliter la collaboration au sein de la communaute scientifique. Les applications infonuagiques telles que Google Drive peuvent etre utilisees pour donner forme a ce type de collaboration et pour appuyer le questionnement dans les cours de sciences du secondaire. On connait pourtant peu les opinions que se font les futurs enseignants d’une telle utilisation des technologies collaboratives infonuagiques. Or, ces opinions pourraient influencer l’integration future de ces technologies en salle de classe. Cette etude revele plusieurs obstacles de premier plan, comme l’idee que l’utilisation de ces outils informatiques prend trop de temps. Parmi les obstacles de second plan, on note les perceptions selon lesquelles cette technologie ne promeut pas les competences collaboratives de personne a personne, pose des problemes de gestion de classe et n'aide pas les etudiants a comprendre la nature de la science. Des suggestions sont proposees pour attenuer ces obstacles dans les cours de technologie des programmes d’education.
Photoluminescence studies of lateral composition modulated short-period AlAs/InAs superlattices

We present low temperature photoluminescence data for a series of spontaneous lateral composition modulation in (AlAs){sub m}/(InAs){sub n} short period superlattices on InP with differing average lattice constants, i.e., varying global strain. The low temperature photoluminescence peak energies were found to be much lower than the corresponding energy expected for the equivalent In{sub x}Al{sub 1{minus}x}As alloy. The bandgap energy reductions are found to approach 500 meV and this reduction is found to correlated with the strength of the composition modulation wave amplitude.
Microwave Compact Passive Circuit Model of Isolated Interconnect over a Silicon Substrate with a Through-Silicon Via (TSV) Ground Supply Network

As operating frequencies increase in state-of-the-art wireless designs, highly accurate modelling of critical interconnect paths routed over silicon is crucial for first-pass design success [1]. With this in mind, the interconnect stack of an IBM silicon germanium (SiGe) process incorporating a TSV ground supply network was modelled with model accuracy and efficiency as the goals. A unique modelling methodology for assigning the values of silicon skin-effect circuit model elements is discussed. The final model is verified with hardware measurements and found to accurately estimate the frequency-dependent resistance, capacitance, and inductance of a single line over silicon at microwave frequencies in a compact, efficient, pre-layout circuit model that includes the effects of process variation.
Convenient Synthesis of Ibuprofen and Naproxen Aminoacyl, Dipeptidoyl and Ester Derivatives

dl-Ibuprofen and l-naproxen were coupled with amino acids and other bioactive compounds to provide ibuprofen and naproxen bioconjugates in 61–95% yield as prodrugs or potential drug candidates.
Deconstructing the ßcatenin destruction complex: mechanistic roles for the tumor suppressor APC in regulating Wnt signaling

Negatively regulating signaling by targeting key effectors for ubiquitina­tion/destruction is essential for development and oncogenesis. The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), an essential negative regulator of Wnt signaling, provides a paradigm. APC mutations occur in most colon cancers. Acting in the “destruction complex” with Axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and casein kinase, APC targets scatenin (scat) for phosphorylation and recognition by an E3 ubiquitin-ligase. Despite 20 years of work, the internal workings of the destruction complex and APC's role remain largely mysterious. We use both Drosophila and colon cancer cells to test hypotheses for APC's mechanism of action. Our data are inconsistent with current models suggesting that high-affinity scat-binding sites on APC play key roles. Instead, they suggest that multiple scat-binding sites act additively to fine-tune signaling via cytoplasmic retention. We identify essential roles for two putative binding sites for new partners—20-amino-acid repeat 2 and conserved sequence B—in destruction complex action. Finally, we demonstrate that APC interacts with Axin by two different modes and provide evidence that conserved sequence B helps ensure release of APC from Axin, with disassembly critical in regulating scat levels. Using these data, we suggest a new model for destruction complex action in development, which also provides new insights into functions of truncated APC proteins in cancer.
Development of Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Based Composite Sheets for Structural Retrofit

In recent years, advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been steadily developed and used in a wide spectrum of infrastructure applications. It is, however, recognized that many polymer resins soften rapidly when heated above 82°C (180°F). Hence fire vulnerability may become a future obstacle with the widespread use of FRP materials. In this paper, initial findings from an on-going project, aimed at developing temperature-resistant cement-based composite sheets for structural retrofit, were reported. Following a similar installation procedure to that of FRP sheets, it is essential to examine the effect of mix compositions on the rheological properties of the cement slurry and to develop suitable cement slurries for making thin fiber-reinforced cement sheets on the job sites. Retrofit efficiency of using both epoxy-based and cement-based thin sheets is investigated. Preliminary results are presented and discussed in this paper. It is confirmed that cement sheets could be very likely made in situ and provide a similar retrofit capacity to their FRP counterparts.
Using Future Search Conference for e-Learning Strategy Formulation in Higher Education

Much is understood about success factors, issues, and lessons learned in implementing e-Learning in the context of higher education. A consensus is emerging that suggests that each institution is unique and hence requires a highly customized e-Learning strategy. This paper presents a strategy formulation process that takes a community building view towards strategy formulation. In specific, the process uses the future search conference and the Cademenos model of growth of e-Learning within higher education. An application and evaluation of the strategy formulation process at an American University is presented.
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis in a simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque due to Acanthamoeba.

Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can cause a fatal disease of the brain in humans called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. We present a case of meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis in a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque caused by Acanthamoeba sp. The animal be- came ill 176 days after intravenous inoculation with SIVmac251 after a short history of weight loss and a sudden onset of hind limb paresis and abnormal head movements. Histopathologic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues revealed multifocal to coalescing necrotizing neutrophilic meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis. Immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction were used to identify the genus of amoeba as Acanthamoeba. Immunohistochemistry of immune cell markers was used to characterize the animal's immune response to the opportunistic amoebic infection with features of both innate and adaptive cell-mediated im- munity. Although not previously reported, the potential transmission to humans, either through environmental contamination or contact with an infected animal, makes this disease a threat to laboratory animal care staff and pathologists.
Affinity Enhancement of Antibodies: How Low-Affinity Antibodies Produced Early in Immune Responses Are Followed by High-Affinity Antibodies Later and in Memory B-Cell Responses

The antibodies produced initially in response to most antigens are high molecular weight (MW) immunoglobulins (IgM) with low affinity for the antigen, while the antibodies produced later are lower MW classes (e.g., IgG and IgA) with, on average, orders of magnitude higher affinity for that antigen. These changes, often termed affinity maturation, take place largely in small B-cell clusters (germinal center; GC) in lymphoid tissues in which proliferating antigen-stimulated B cells express the highly mutagenic cytidine deaminase that mediates immunoglobulin class-switching and sequence diversification of the immunoglobulin variable domains of antigen-binding receptors on B cells (BCR). Of the large library of BCR-mutated B cells thus rapidly generated, a small minority with affinity-enhancing mutations are selected to survive and differentiate into long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. BCRs are also endocytic receptors; they internalize and cleave BCR-bound antigen, yielding peptide-MHC complexes that are recognized by follicular helper T cells. Imperfect correlation between BCR affinity for antigen and cognate T-cell engagement may account for the increasing affinity heterogeneity that accompanies the increasing average affinity of antibodies. Conservation of mechanisms underlying mutation and selection of high-affinity antibodies over the ≈200 million years of evolution separating bird and mammal lineages points to the crucial role of antibody affinity enhancement in adaptive immunity.
Solar UV exposure and mortality from skin tumors.

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is clearly associated with increased mortality from nonmelanoma skin cancer—usually squamous cell carcinoma. However, the association with cutaneous melanoma is unclear from the evidence in ecologic studies and the few analytic studies show that high levels of intermittent UV exposure prior to diagnosis are somehow associated with improved survival from melanoma. Understanding this conundrum is critical to present coherent public health messages and to improve the mortality rates from melanoma.
Photoacoustic monitoring of tumor and normal tissue response to radiation

Hypoxia is a recognized characteristic of tumors that influences efficacy of radiotherapy (RT). Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a relatively new imaging technique that exploits the optical characteristics of hemoglobin to provide information on tissue oxygenation. In the present study, PAI based measures of tumor oxygen saturation (%sO2) were compared to oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of longitudinal relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1) and ex-vivo histology in patient derived xenograft (PDX) models of head and neck cancer. PAI was utilized to assess early changes (24 h) in %sO2 following RT and chemoRT (CRT) and to assess changes in salivary gland hemodynamics following radiation. A significant increase in tumor %sO2 and R1 was observed following oxygen inhalation. Good spatial correlation was observed between PAI, MRI and histology. An early increase in %sO2 after RT and CRT detected by PAI was associated with significant tumor growth inhibition. Twenty four hours after RT, PAI also detected loss of hemodynamic response to gustatory stimulation in murine salivary gland tissue suggestive of radiation-induced vascular damage. Our observations illustrate the utility of PAI in detecting tumor and normal tissue hemodynamic response to radiation in head and neck cancers.
List-Checking in Collection Development: An Imprecise Art

List-checking is an established method of collection development: a guide to selection and to evaluation of collections. An examination of the literature reveals a long-standing skepticism about the use of lists. Lists are more serviceable in some disciplines and institutions than in others. Despite inherent limitations, the making of lists is a basic form of communication in librarianship.
Effect of Adrenocortical Hormones on Presence of C-reactive Protein in Blood.

Summary and conclusionsThe C-reactive protein response in human blood following intravenous injections of typhoid vaccine is described. No significant alteration in the promptness, intensity or duration of this response was noted during the administration of cortisone, ACTH or salicylates. 2. In rabbits the response of the analogous Cx-reactive protein to experimental pneumococcal inf ection is similarly not modified by the adrenal cortical hormones. 3. The experimental results support the clinical impression that the disappearance of C-reactive protein from human blood during antirheumatic therapy with adrenalcortical hormones or with salicylates is secondary to suppression of the inflammatory process rather than a primary effect of these agents upon the metabolism of the C-reactive protein.
Influencing Human Behavior: Theory and Applications in Recreation, Tourism, and Natural Resources Management. Michael Manfredo (Ed.)

(1994). Influencing Human Behavior: Theory and Applications in Recreation, Tourism, and Natural Resources Management. Michael Manfredo (Ed.) Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 189-192.
Inner-Sphere Electron-Transfer Stereoselectivities in the Oxidation of Bis(1,2-diaminoethane)cobalt(II) Derivatives by [Co(ox)3]3−

[Co(N,N-Me 2 en) 2 (ox)] + (N,N-Me 2 en=N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diaminoethane, ox 2− =oxalate (2−)) is the sole product in the innersphere reduction of [Co(ox) 3 ] 3− by cobalt (II) in solutions of N,N-Me 2 en and is formed stereoselectively with an enantiomeric excess. The structure of this product has been determined by X-ray crystallography
Multiobjective Optimization for Air-Quality Monitoring Network Design

For an industrial zone heavily populated by petrochemical and chemical plants, the design of an effective air-quality monitoring network (AQMN) is very important for local environmental and industrial sustainability. In this paper, a general methodology with multiobjective and deterministic optimization for AQMN design and redesign is developed. Generally, a Gaussian dispersion model is employed to create spatial pollution distributions according to historical meteorological conditions and updated emission source profiles. Then, a multiobjective mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to optimally design an AQMN, which allows the relocation of existing monitoring stations and/or the addition of new monitoring stations. The optimization will maximize the detectable air-quality threshold violation frequency (AQTVF) for potential pollution events in the studied industrial zone as well as minimize the total budget cost for the AQMN implementation with considerations of existing monitoring station ...
Disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation

Mitochondrial fatty acid β -oxidation is the primary pathway for metabolizing fatty acids with chain lengths ranging from 4 to 20 carbons. This pathway is necessary for energy production during times when glucose may be low or unavailable, particularly for those tissues relying predominately on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation for energy, such as the heart and skeletal muscle. The pathway is also critical for hepatic ketone body formation to provide alternative energy to tissues such as brain that cannot oxidize fatty acids. Defects are known to occur in many steps of the pathway. The range of clinical symptoms seen on presentation with these multiple disorders varies considerably. The biomarkers used to diagnose them may overlap between disorders or be specific for a given disorder. This chapter will present and discuss the disorders of fatty acid oxidation and the carnitine shuttle, which is an essential pathway for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria. We will delineate the most common biomarkers that are analyzed clinically in order to diagnose these disorders.
Perfluorocarbon liquid in traumatic vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment

Patients with penetrating ocular trauma also may have severe vitreous hemorrhage and associated retinal detachment. Removing the hemorrhage and repairing the detachment can be a difficult surgical problem. Besides the limited surgical view due to the hemorrhage, an incomplete separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane can allow the detached retina to be drawn toward the port of the vitrectomy instrument, producing an inadvertent retinal tear. We have used perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon) to manage three cases of penetrating ocular trauma with concurrent retinal detachment and a partial vitreous detachment, either at the time of surgery or as noted ultrasonographically. The perfluorocarbon liquid helped to separate the partially detached posterior hyaloid membrane and flatten the detached retina. This maneuver simplified removal of the vitreous hemorrhage and management of the retinal detachment.
Correlation distance dependence of the resonance frequency of intermolecular zero quantum coherences and its implication for MR thermometry

PURPOSE Because the resonance frequency of water-fat intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQCs) reflects the water-fat frequency separation at the microscopic scale, these frequencies have been proposed and used as a mean to obtain more accurate temperature information. The purpose of this work was to investigate the dependence of the water-fat iZQC resonance frequency on sample microstructure and on the specific choice of the correlation distance. METHODS The effect of water-fat susceptibility gradients on the water-methylene iZQC resonance frequency was first computed and then measured for different water-fat emulsions and for a mixture of porcine muscle and fat. Similar measurements were also performed for mixed heteronuclear spin systems. RESULTS A strong dependence of the iZQC resonance frequency on the sample microstructure and on the specific choice of the correlation distance was found for spin systems like water and fat that do not mix, but not for spin systems that mix at the molecular level. CONCLUSIONS Because water and fat spins do not mix at the molecular level, the water-fat iZQC resonance frequency and its temperature coefficient are not only affected by sample microstructure but also by the specific choice of the correlation distance. Magn Reson Med 79:1429-1438, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Shift in progression rate of keratoconus before and after epithelium-off accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking.

Purpose To evaluate the shift in keratoconus progression rate after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). Setting Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre, Hong Kong, China. Design Prospective case series. Method Accelerated epithelium-off CXL was performed in patients with progressive keratoconus. Optical coherence tomography–based corneal measurements were recorded. The data collected after the first postoperative month were used for analysis. The main outcome measure was the rate of progression of steep keratometry (K), flat K, average K, and best-fit sphere (BFS) using linear mixed-effects models. Progression was defined based on a significant slope against time in these models. Results Forty-seven eyes (38 patients; mean age 27.6 years ± 6.5 [SD]) were included. The median number of preoperative visits and postoperative visits was 3 and 5, respectively. A significant reduction in the progression rate of the anterior average K (0.063 ± 0.138 diopter [D]/mo to −0.022 ± 0.029 D/mo) and posterior average K (−0.011 ± 0.025 D/mo to 0.000 ± 0.009 D/mo) occurred (both P Conclusions A significant reduction in the progression rate of average K occurred after accelerated epithelium-off CXL. The reduction was associated with the baseline anterior average K and preoperative progression of posterior BFS.
Population and ceramic traditions: revisiting the Tana Ware of coastal Kenya (7th-14th century AD)

M’Mbogori’s monograph offers a new and important intervention in the long-standing debate concerning eastern African Tana Tradition pottery. The core question of this volume is whether Tana Traditi...
Profound Prolonged Bradycardia and Hypotension after Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block with Bupivacaine.

Abstract Background Interscalene brachial plexus blocks have been a routinely performed method of anesthesia for shoulder surgery that decreases the need for general anesthesia, length of stay, and recovery time. We describe a case of bupivacaine toxicity after an interscalene block. Case Report The patient was a 66-year-old man who presented to our Emergency Department by emergency medical services from an ambulatory surgery center where he had undergone rotator cuff surgery, with bradycardia and hypotension. His symptoms began upon completion of the surgery in which he received interscalene nerve block with bupivacaine and lidocaine. He was given three doses of 0.5 mg atropine and one dose of 1 mg epinephrine for a heart rate of 40 beats/min without any improvement prior to arrival. His bradycardia was refractory to atropine. He was started on a dopamine drip and transferred to the coronary care unit. The timing of his symptoms, minutes after his regional nerve block, and his complete recovery with only supportive care, make the diagnosis of bupivacaine toxicity likely. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Despite the safety profile of local anesthetics, we must be aware of their potential side affects. Whereas most adverse reactions are secondary to misdirection of anesthetic or accidental vascular puncture, local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is the major cause of significant adverse events with regional anesthesia. As regional anesthesia becomes more common, emergency physicians must be more aware of the potential complications and be able to both diagnose and treat.
Preservation of Community College Logic: Organizational Responses to State Policies and Funding Practices in Three States:

Objective: With both policy pressures from state governments, including states’ funding behaviors, and the logic of the institution deeply ingrained over decades, community colleges face considerable challenge in reconciling conflicting values and requirements. Yet, as organizations they adapt to survive, and outcomes of adaptation may lead to an alteration of mission and identity. The purpose of this field methods research investigation is to explore and explain three states’ policies (California, Washington, and Hawai’i) and the variance in three community colleges’ organizational responses to these policies in the period of 2000-2014. Method: Data include observations, policy documents, organizational documents, and interviews of administrators and faculty at three community colleges. Results: Findings indicate that the policies and practices of these three states pushed economic, political, and social agendas onto their respective community colleges and imposed liberal market ideals and businesslike b...
Incentive Shifts with Different Massed and Spaced Trial Cues

Rats experienced daily training in an alley with one of two daily sequences of large (L) and small (S) reward trials, SLLL or LSSS. During a given phase of training (pre- or postshift) a rat always experienced the same daily sequence of trials. The four groups were LSSS-SLLL, SLLL-LSSS, LSSS-LSSS, and SLLL-SLLL. One can analyze the data for the groups described above by omitting data from the last three trials of every day of training (massed practice data) or omitting data from the first trial of every day of training (spaced practice data). The spaced practice and massed practice analyses are analogous to the analyses used in conventional incentive shift studies with Groups S-L, L-S, S-S, and L-L. Massed and spaced trials analyses showed faster preshift speeds to large as compared to small reward. These differences in speed were not present early in preshift training. Spaced practice data showed that downward shifted rats did not reduce their speeds. Massed practice data showed that downward shifted rats reduced running speeds slowly. Upward shifted rats (massed or spaced practice) rapidly increased their running speeds. The study suggests that what is learned during spaced trials interacts with what is learned during massed trials.
Summary of grip strength measurements obtained in the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Abstract Study Design Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Introduction Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) began collecting grip strength data from nationally representative samples in 2011. Purpose of the Study To examine the stability of the grip strength values across 2 data release cycles and provide updated US population-based grip strength values for 6 to 80 year olds. Methods Handgrip data from 13,676 participants aged 6-80 years were extracted from the NHANES 2011-2014 database. The muscle strength/grip test component measured the isometric grip strength using a Takei digital handgrip dynamometer (Takei Scientific Instruments, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo). Grip strength values (best of 3 trials for each hand) were summarized by gender, dominant side, and age group. Grip data from 2 data release cycles (2011-2012 vs 2013-2014) were compared. Results Differences between 2 data release cycles were negligible. Hence, we summarize grip strength values across the entire 2011-2014 period. The mean grip strength ranged from 50.3 kg for the dominant hand of 30- to 34-year-old men to 10.0 kg for the nondominant hand of 6-year-old girls. Discussion The summary data we present provide relatively current reference values to which tested individuals can be compared. However, clinicians and/or researchers should be aware that the instrumentation and procedures may influence the values. Conclusions Results supported the stability of the NHANES grip strength values across data release cycles.
An investigation into the feasibility of the semantic web

We investigate the challenges that must be addressed for the Semantic Web to become a feasible enterprise. Specifically we focus on the query answering capability of the Semantic Web. We put forward that two key challenges we face are heterogeneity and scalability. We propose a flexible and decentralized framework for addressing the heterogeneity problem and demonstrate that sufficient reasoning is possible over a large dataset by taking advantage of database technologies and making some tradeoff decisions. As a proof of concept, we collect a significant portion of the available Semantic Web data; use our framework to resolve some heterogeneity and reason over the data as one big knowledge base. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of a "real" Semantic Web, our experiments have provided us with some interesting insights into how it is evolving and the type of queries that can be answered.
Lower Carboniferous Ostracode Assemblages from Nova Scotia

During the Lower Carboniferous, the Maritime Basin of eastern Canada was a tectonically active fluvial basin that was subjected to intermittent transgressive events. The duration and extent of the transgressive pulses was a function of both intrabasinal tectonics and eustatic sea level changes. Windsor Group sediments from three carbonate marine environments in the Minas and Anti-gonish sub-basins of Nova Scotia were studied for their ostracode content. The most diverse fauna was derived from an offshore, near normal salinity, bioclastic limestone. Bairdia spp., Bairidacypris quartziana and Kirkbya n. sp. A are the main ostracodes present, but other indicators include Beyrichiopsis cornuta, “Gortanella” sp. and Monoceratina youngiana. It is significant that paraparchitaceans are not very abundant in this assemblage. A less diverse fauna occurs in a bioclastic limestone that developed on a drowned topographic high. The fauna is dominated by paraparchitaceans such as Chamishaella suborbiculata and Shi-shaella moreyi. Bairdia sp. L. and Amphissites sp. aff. A. centronotus are also present but not com-mon. This association suggests a more stressed environment. The most restricted fauna was collected from the carbonate member of a carbonate-siltstone-gypsum triplet. Only five species are present, with Beyrichiopsis lophota and Paraparchites sp. aff. P. kellettae forming more than 90% of the preserved fauna. This assemblage represents the most saline and most restricted environment studied. In the Maritime Basin the combined effects of a semi-arid climate, eustacy and tectonism re-sulted in low temporal and spatial stability. The transgressive pulses that affected the area were mostly short-lived, of limited geographical extent and often associated with hypersalinity. High grade faunal communities would therefore not be expected to develop under these conditions.