cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of [001] tilt boundaries in bicrystalline thin films of copper

Various [001] tilt boundaries, produced by vapour deposition and subsequent epitaxial growth of bicrystalline thin film of copper on bicrystalline substrates of NaCl, are examined by transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize concomitant grain boundary morphology and structure. At small angles of misorientation, boundaries in as-deposited films are composed of an irregular array of dislocations whereas, at large angles of misorientation, boundaries assume a more planar configuration. During short periods of annealing at 600 °C, however, these boundaries become more planar, small microfacets are developed, and second-phase particles of Cu2O nucleate and grow in the boundary for all angles of misorientation. Examination of the structure and morphology of the resulting interfaces permits estimation of grain boundary energy as a function of misorientation and determination of orientation relationships for nucleation and growth of Cu2O particles in the boundary. Um die begleitende Korngrenzenmorphologie und -struktur zu charakterisieren, werden verschiedene [001]-Kippgrenzen, die durch Abscheiden aus der Dampfphase und nachfolgenden epitaktischen Wachstum von dunnen bikristallinen Kupferschichten auf bikristallinen NaCl-Substraten prapariert wurden, mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Bei geringen Fehlanpassungswinkeln sind die Grenzen der ursprunglich gewachsenen Schichten aus einer irregularen Anordnung von Versetzungen zusammengesetzt, wahrend bei grosen Fehlanpassungswinkeln die Grenzen eine mehr planare Konfiguration annehmen. Wahrend kurzer Temperungszeiten bei 600 °C werden diese Grenzen jedoch mehr planar, kleine Mikroflachen und Partikel einer zweiten Phase von Cu2O bilden sich und wachsen in der Grenze bei allen Fehlanpassungswinkeln. Die Untersuchung der Struktur und Morphologie der sich ergebenden Grenzflachen erlaubt die Berechnung der Korngrenzenenergie in Abhangigkeit von der Fehlorientierung und die Bestimmung der Orientierungsbeziehungen fur die Keimbildung und das Wachstum der Cu2O-Partikel in der Grenze.
A quantitative comparison of two sample methods for collecting Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Missouri

In studies of tick communities, sampling methodology may influence observed patterns. The objective of this study was to compare two sampling methods, dragging and dry ice baiting, in two habitats to assess abundance of off-host ticks. Tick communities were monitored from March to December in a forested and an old-field habitat in northeast Missouri. In each habitat, eight drag and eight dry ice bait samples were collected every 2 weeks on a permanent grid. The most common ticks collected were all life stages of Amblyomma americanum L. and adult and larval Dermacentor variabilis Say. Capture data was analyzed to determine if there were differences due to sampling method, habitat or an interaction for each life stage of each species across the entire monitoring period. Data indicate that there were differences in the methods. Significantly more A. americanum nymphs were captured by bait sampling. Dragging captured significantly more larval A. americanum. Significantly more larval and nymphal A. americanum and larval D. variabilis were caught in the forest, whereas significantly more adult D. variabilis were collected in the field. Significant interaction between site and method was found for A. americanum adults and D. variabilis larvae. These differences are likely due to differences in behavior among species and developmental age that interact with microclimate. These data indicate that community monitoring studies should use multiple sampling methodologies to avoid bias. While comparing these methods, the first documented collection of off-host Ixodes scapularis Say in Adair County, Missouri was made.
Probe diagnostics of high-pressure microwave plasmas for shock wave propagation study

High pressure (∼1 Torr) microwave plasmas in argon are investigated in the range of gas pressures from 400–1000 mTorr for microwave (MW) power levels of 1300–1600 W by means of electrical probes. Electron number density, electron temperature, and plasma potential obtained from single Langmuir probe (SP), floating double probe (DP), and emissive probe (EP) are compared with one another. Standard analyses for the single and double probe characteristics are performed, whereas the inflection point method is used for determining the plasma potential from the emissive probe. Averaged over all power levels, the range of values for the plasma parameters are determined to be (i) 3.5–4.9 eV from the SP and 2.0–2.4 eV from the DP method for electron temperatures, (ii) 0.92–3.5 × 1011 cm−3 from the SP and 1.2–2.7 × 1011 cm−3 from the DP method for electron densities, and (iii) 17.5–22.6 V from the SP and 12.4–36.6 V from the EP method for the plasma potentials.
First Records of Bats of the Genus Brachyphylla from the Caicos Islands, with Notes on Geographic Variation

The presence of bats of the endemic West Indian genus Brachyphylla in the Caicos Islands, in the Bahama archipelago, is reported for the first time. Notes on habits, habitat, reproduction, and morphological variation are presented. Inter-island variation among all nominal taxa in the genus is discussed; one species ( B. cavernarum ) and four subspecies are recognized.
Fracture Toughness of Stainless Steel Cladding for Evaluation of the Degraded Davis-Besse RPV Head

Boric acid attack in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) head of the Davis-Besse (D-B) nuclear plant led to wastage through the 150-mm low alloy steel head such that the stainless steel cladding was exposed. The Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was commissioned by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to conduct a program of testing and analysis to enable an evaluation of the structural significance of cladding defects found in the wastage cavity of the D-B head. The overall test program consisted of material characterization at 316°C (600°F) of cladding materials, pressure vessel burst tests of cladding discs with and without flaws, and extensive analytical studies. Three different cladding materials were tested and evaluated, one from an unused commercial RPV that was used for the clad-burst experiments, an archival cladding previously used for various experimental and irradiation experiments, and the cladding from the D-B head. This paper compares and discusses the fracture toughness test results conducted with the three claddings, and the fractographic analyses conducted on the clad-burst discs. Comparison of J-resistance curves for the three clad materials shows significant material variability and disparity in the results from two test specimen types. Fractographic examinations of clad-burst discs showed transition from ductile tearing to shear mode of fracture. The relationship of the cladding test results with the clad-burst results is discussed.© 2006 ASME
On Grain Production Status and Capacity-building Countermeasures in Fujian

Based on the analysis of restraint of Fujian grain production capacity,the paper has expound strategies to enhance the production capacity of grains by the elements of the policy,elements of the resource base,technical support elements and structure for various elements
Optimization of TOFD Detection for Generator Retaining Ring Inner Wall Defects

The 45°, 60° and 70° regular probes are widely used in equipment defect detecting with ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD) examination. However, even the 45° probe cannot accurately evaluate the defects in the inner wall of the generator retaining ring due to the wall thickness and the material characteristics. Therefore, the optimization is conducted to the TOFD detecting process. Based on the analysis on the propagation characteristics of diffraction acoustic wave, a detecting mode with 20 ° probe is proposed. Moreover, the 20° probe is developed. Through the natural crack detection in the retaining ring inner wall, the optimal detecting frequency is calibrated to 2.25 MHz. The detection results obtained under this frequency show the effectiveness of the new testing mode. The optimal TOFD process suitable to retaining ring inner wall defects detection is 20° probe, 2.25 MHz and the 12 mm diameter transducer. The beam should be focused on the inner wall of generator retaining ring. With this optimized detection process, the minimum critical height of the inner wall defects that can be effectively distinguished is 2 mm in the 50-mm thick generator retaining ring.
Motivation to Reduce Risk Behaviors While in Prison: Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Current and Formerly Incarcerated Women

Prison is an environment in which programs can be implemented to change harmful behaviors among high-risk populations. Incarcerated women experience high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), yet little research has examined women's motivation to reduce risky behaviors during incarceration. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with former and current women prisoners in two North Carolina correctional facilities and analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators of behavior change while in prison. Analyses revealed key motivators of behavior change: Viewing prison as a place to recover from past trauma, removing oneself from negative social networks, gaining access to needed mental and physical health services, and engaging in self-care and self-reflection. Barriers to behavior change include fear of recidivism, stigma of being in prison, and return to undesirable social networks post-release. Moreover, women noted that the provision of mental health services, educational enhancement and housing assistance could help them reduce engagement in high-risk behaviors after their incarceration. These findings can be incorporated into HIV/STD risk reduction interventions to facilitate positive behavior change among incarcerated women prisoners. Prison itself is a tremendous education in the need for patience and perseverance. It is above all a test of one's commitment.-Nelson Mandela, 1995.
Cigarette smoking, bladder cancer, and changes in risk over 40 years.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A209 OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the risk of bladder cancer from cigarette smoking has increased over time. A result of the changing cigarette is an increase in the levels of aromatic amines, which are considered potent bladder carcinogens. METHODS: Patients who attended Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1957 and 1965 and completed a detailed epidemiologic questionnaire were eligible for case-control analysis #1, while patients who attended Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1997 and completed a similarly detailed questionnaire were eligible for case-control analysis #2. Nine-hundred fifty cases (520, 430; analysis #1 and #2, respectively) of primary, incident, histologically confirmed bladder cancer were frequency matched to 2,590 malignancy free controls (1,560, 1,240; analysis #1 and #2, respectively; 3:1 ratio) on age, gender, and admission year (analysis #2 only). Logistic regression was used to calculate bladder cancer risk by various smoking exposures for each of the two analyses, while controlling for relevant covariates including race, alcohol use (ever, never), fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, and BMI. The data for analyses #1 and #2 were pooled to investigate potential differences in risk between the two analyses. RESULTS: Both analysis #1 and #2 found a significant association between bladder cancer and cigarette smoking. The relative risks for the various smoking exposures calculated in analysis #2 were approximately double the corresponding risks calculated in analysis #1. For analysis #1, those in the highest tertile of smoking duration (45 or more years) had a significant increase in bladder cancer risk, while those in the highest tertile of smoking duration (39 or more years) for analysis #2 had a greater risk of bladder cancer (analysis #1 OR = 1.87 vs. analysis #2 OR = 3.93; p<0.01 for both). The increase in risk was greater for males than females, although statistical power for females was limited by smaller sample size. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of bladder cancer from cigarette smoking significantly increased from the late 1950's to the late 1990's in these two datasets. The increase in risk may be due to changes in cigarette design, which may have resulted in greater concentrations of aromatic amines over the past 40 years.
Classical Fortran: Programming for Engineering and Scientific Applications, Second Edition

This text teaches how to write computer programs in the Classical dialect of the FORTRAN language. Along with numerous updates and revisions throughout, this second edition includes an additional case study on file I/O, new sections that cover CPU timing on Pentium processors, and more information about the g77 compiler and Linux. It continues to use case studies and examples to introduce the language elements and design skills needed to write graceful, correct, and efficient programs for real engineering and scientific applications. A solutions manual is available for qualifying instructors.
The (Re)Gendering of High Anglicanism

Emily Scobell joined the Society of St. Margaret, an Anglican sisterhood, in 1857 against the vociferous objections of her elderly father.1 Two months after she joined the Order, she died of scarlet fever which she had contracted when nursing the poor. The bitterness which the Reverend Scobell harboured towards the St. Margaret’s Sisters and the founder of their Order, J. M. Neale, was quite apparent at her funeral in Lewes. In effect, her biological and spiritual families confronted each other across her coffin. The tension soon spilled over to a riot among the onlookers, the majority of whom seemed to be on her father’s side. Neale and the Sisters were forced to take refuge in the village pub until the mob lost interest. For Neale, one of the most troublesome things about the riot was his perception that Scobell deliberately failed to protect the Sisters. Neale claimed that when the riot began, ‘I stepped up to [Scobell] and said, “Mr. Scobell, you see how threatening the mob is, will you not protect the Sisters?” He bowed and passed & a rush was immediately made upon us.’2
Underwater target classification using a pose-invariant matched manifold classifier

One of the challenges in automatic detection and classification of underwater targets in sonar imagery is variation of the target returns and features with respect to target aspect. This paper adopts a framework for target classification that offers local invariance properties with respect to target aspect. Sonar image snippets of a target type at nearby aspects are related to each other via geometric deformations approximated by locally affine transformations. A transform is then used to map each such image into a low dimensional linear subspace locally invariant to affine geometric transformations of the image. These linear subspaces are subsequently averaged using an extrinsic subspace averaging to yield a subspace corresponding to this set of images. Class label of an unknown image is then decided using a geometrically invariant Matched Manifold Classifier that uses principal angles to measure distance between this average subspace and the subspace associated with the observed image. Results on synthesized sonar images of various underwater targets inserted in real backgrounds show the promise of this new method.
Thoracic Emergencies: Tracheobronchial, Pulmonary, and Pleural Diseases

Emergencies that affect the airway, including obstruction and hemoptysis, are potentially life threatening and can have etiologies unique to cancer patients. Several additional urgent problems, including pneumothorax and pleural effusions, are commonly encountered in the cancer patient. In this chapter, we examine the causes, evaluation, and treatment of tracheobronchial, pulmonary, and pleural disease, focusing specifically on conditions commonly seen in cancer patients.
Dynamic self-assembly of ‘living’ polymeric chains

Abstract We report a dynamic self-assembly system of ‘living’ polymeric chains sustained by chemistry using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The linear polymeric chains consist of self-assembled nanoparticles connected by metastable linker molecules. As such, the polymeric chains, once assembled, undergo spontaneous dissociation driven by thermodynamics. However, with a continuous supply of linker molecules and the stored chemical energy therein, the polymeric chains can survive and maintain a steady state averaged chain length. These dynamically self-assembled polymeric chains are analogous to biological systems that both are thermodynamically metastable, yet dynamically stable upon continuous influx of matter and energy.
With, Within, and Beyond the State: The Promise and Limits of Transnational Legal Ordering

While some theorize the autonomy of transnational legal orders from nation-state law, we develop theory regarding the transnational interaction of lawmaking and practice among different levels of social organization that is intricately tied to state law. Our theoretical framework provides a way to assess empirically how legal norms interact at the transnational, national, and local levels in terms of their construction, conveyance, and practice. For us, the term “transnational” thus does not suggest the disappearance of the state, the withdrawal of the state as a major actor, or processes autonomous of state law, as contended by others. Rather, the term “transnational” has three core attributes. First, it highlights that states (through state officials) are just one among many actors engaged in transnational legal ordering. Second, it points to the ways transnational legal ordering transcends and often transforms states through their participation in transnational legal processes. Third, it underscores that one needs to assess the interaction of state and non-state actors at different levels of social organization, including international organizations and transnational networks, national institutions, and local practice, to understand transnational legal ordering. This interaction determines the extent to which legal norms settle across levels of social organization and give rise to transnational legal orders.
Observations on the practice and profession of modeling and simulation: A survey approach:

This paper reports on a survey capturing modelers’ perspectives of Modeling and Simulation (M&S). The survey was completed by a total of 283 respondents from the M&S community with 167 fully comple...
Sex and Death in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a rough portrait of the mechanisms that control cell fate in the developing germ line. Two factors have combined to make Caenorhabditis elegans a leading system for studying programmed cell death. First, these deaths can be studied in living animals. Second, many mutations that affect programmed deaths are viable and easy to identify. After germ cells have entered meiosis and begun to differentiate as sperm or oocytes, some face a final cell fate decision. Direct observation reveals that many cells that appear committed to oogenesis choose instead to undergo programmed cell deaths. These suicides are not observed during the process of spermatogenesis. One attractive theory is that these dying germ cells function as nurse cells, producing material for use in developing oocytes. Because they resemble developing oocytes in all other respects, it is likely that the only cell fate decision required to control this process involves determining which of these differentiating germ cells will become oocytes and which will die.
Scattering Loss at Waveguide Facets and Implications for Laser Efficiency

Significant scattering loss occurs at the facets of dielectric waveguides, particularly for small mode (w<λ), high-confinement waveguides. High-confinement waveguides used to maximize gain can unintentionally introduce facet losses that reduce laser efficiency.
In-situ synthesis of Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites with periodic amorphous-crystalline microstructure for improved ductility via laser direct deposition

Abstract In this paper, design and synthesis of in-situ ZrCuNiAl bulk metallic glass composites (BMGC) from premixed metal powders were achieved using laser direct deposition (LDD). The temperature fields and heating/cooling rates in single-track BMGC were simulated through a validated LDD model, which provided insights for microstructure evolution. Through a proper selection of LDD parameters and precise control of premixed composition, a periodic amorphous-crystalline microstructure was obtained alternatively in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). In addition to HAZ, composite phase nature was also achieved in FZ where about 4.7 vol% crystals with a size of 100–1000 nm were uniformly formed in the amorphous matrix. Vickers microhardness revealed a higher hardness of 620 HV0.2 in FZ than 450 HV0.2 in HAZ. An optimized overlapping ratio of adjacent tracks at 58 vol% led to 89 vol% FZ in the bulk structure, which resulted in an overall macrohardness of 604 HV. Nanoindentation tests were performed to study the deformation behavior at the micron/sub-micron length scale. The depth-sensing indentation stress-strain data in FZ and HAZ were accurately predicted with an iterative numerical algorithm using finite-element modeling. A correction factor was proposed in this algorithm, which corrected the overestimation of experimental stress by minimizing the difference between experimental and numerical load-depth data. With the composite microstructure, an indentation strain of more than 13% was obtained in both zones.
Similarity-based disease risk assessment for personal genomes: proof of concept

The increasing availability of personal genome data has led to escalating needs by consumers to understand the implications of their gene sequences. At present, poorly integrated genetic knowledge has not met these needs. This proof-of-concept study proposes a similarity-based approach to assess the disease risk predisposition for personal genomes. We hypothesize that the semantic similarity between a personal genome and a disease can indicate the disease risks in the person. We developed a knowledge network that integrates existing knowledge of genes, diseases, and symptoms from six sources using the Semantic Web standard, Resource Description Framework (RDF). We then used latent relationships between genes and diseases derived from our knowledge network to measure the semantic similarity between a personal genome and a genetic disease. For demonstration, we showed the feasibility of assessing the disease risks in one personal genome and discussed related methodology issues.
The Fog Development Kit: A Platform for the Development and Management of Fog Systems

With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), fog computing has emerged to help traditional cloud computing in meeting scalability demands. Fog computing makes it possible to fulfill real-time requirements of applications by bringing more processing, storage, and control power geographically closer to end devices. However, since fog computing is a relatively new field, there is no standard platform for research and development in a realistic environment, and this dramatically inhibits innovation and development of fog-based applications. In response to these challenges, we propose the Fog Development Kit (FDK). By providing high-level interfaces for allocating computing and networking resources, the FDK abstracts the complexities of fog computing from developers and enables the rapid development of fog systems. In addition to supporting application development on a physical deployment, the FDK supports the use of emulation tools (e.g., GNS3 and Mininet) to create realistic environments, allowing fog application prototypes to be built with zero additional costs and enabling seamless portability to a physical infrastructure. Using a physical testbed and various kinds of applications running on it, we verify the operation and study the performance of the FDK. Specifically, we demonstrate that resource allocations are appropriately enforced and guaranteed, even amidst extreme network congestion. We also present simulation-based scalability analysis of the FDK versus the number of switches, the number of end devices, and the number of fog devices.
The effects of aerobic exercise on corpus callosum integrity: systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the influence of exercise on the body and genu of the corpus callosum (CC), which is a critical brain structure involved in facilitating interhemispheric communication.Method...
Bayesian Quantile Bent-Cable Growth Models for Longitudinal Data with Skewness and Detection Limit

This paper presents a Bayesian quantile bent-cable growth model for modeling data with multi-phasic trajectories of response variables measured in longitudinal studies. Estimating and identifying such possible multiple phasic change points may be of substantial interest since it provides a general life-course view of the developmental trajectories and also when the directions of the trajectories are disrupted. For getting a complete picture of such developmental trajectories, quantile growth models, at different parts (quantiles) of the response variables, are better than the commonly used conditional mean models. For each quantile, we develop bent-cable models to assess multi-phasic patterns of trajectories of longitudinal HIV/AIDS data with left-censoring and skewness. The proposed procedures are illustrated using real data from an AIDS clinical study.
A 3D Printed Dish Antenna With Integrated Feeding Structure

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a fully 3D printed dish antenna with integrated feeding. As opposed to traditional dish antennas where the dish, feeding antenna, and cables are separate components, a fully 3D printed dish antenna incorporates all these elements in one integrated structure. The designed 3D printed dish antenna operates at 28 GHz with 28.5 dBi of gain and features a integrated horn antenna feed, which is built directly onto the surface of the dish, and an integrated waveguide connector for connections for external RF connections. The introduction of 3D printable dish antenna structures with integrated feeding and connectors, grants users an extremely low cost and simple to manufacture antenna for applications which requires high gain and ease of deployment.
Assessing the Ergonomic Benefits of a New Adjustable Forklift Backrest

A new forklift backrest has been developed by incorporating adjustability concepts into the design to facilitate comfort to a wide range of users. We have conducted a comparative study between the ...
Most orthopaedic trauma patients are using the internet, but do you know where they're going?

Abstract Purpose The Internet is a resource that patients can use to learn about their injuries, treatment options, and surgeon. Previously, it was demonstrated that orthopaedic trauma patients are unlikely to use a reliable, provided source. It is unknown however, if patients are seeking information from elsewhere. The purpose of this study was to determine if orthopaedic trauma patients utilize the Internet and what websites are utilized. Our hypothesis was that the majority of patients use the Internet and when they do, are unlikely to use a reliable source. Methods Orthopaedic trauma patients were surveyed in clinic at a Level I trauma center in the United States. The survey queried demographics, injury information, Internet access, and eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). Data were analyzed using t-tests, Chi-squared tests, and a multivariate logistic regression, as appropriate. Results 138 patients with a mean age of 47.1 years (95% confidence interval: 44.0-50.3; 51.1% female) were included in the analysis. Despite 94.1% reporting access, only 55.8% of trauma patients used the Internet for information about their injury. Of those, 64.5% used at least one unreliable source. WebMD (54.8%) was the highest utilized website. Age, sex, employment, and greater eHEALS score were associated with increased Internet use (p Conclusion The Internet has potential to be a useful, low cost, and readily available informational source for orthopaedic trauma patients. This study illustrates that a majority of patients seek information from the Internet after their injury, including unreliable websites like Wikipedia and Facebook. Our study emphasizes the need for active referral to trusted websites and initiation of organizational partnerships (e.g. OTA/AAOS) with common content providers (e.g. WebMD) to provide patients with accurate information about their injury and treatment. Level of evidence Prognostic, Level II
Cannabis, Vaping, and Respiratory Symptoms in a Probability Sample of U.S. Youth.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the association between respiratory symptoms among U.S. adolescents who were current (past 30-day) users of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis, as well as lifetime users of cannabis with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Methods Wave 4 from a national probability sample (N = 14,798) of adolescents (12–17 years) using Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data was used for this study. Retention rate was 88.4%. Results The odds of indicating “wheezing or whistling” in the chest were roughly two times higher among those who had used cannabis in ENDS (adjusted odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.47–2.22); neither e-cigarettes nor cigarettes had a significant association with all five respiratory symptoms in the fully adjusted models. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that adolescents' cannabis use with ENDS may have negative health consequences. Lifetime cannabis use with ENDS was substantially associated with higher odds of respiratory symptoms.
Real-Space Inversion and Super-Resolution of Ultrafast X-ray Scattering using Natural Scattering Kernels

Directly resolving in real-space multiple atomic motions using ultrafast x-ray scattering is generally limited by the finite detector range. As a result, signal interpretation mostly relies on modeling and simulations of specific excitation pathways. Here, we demonstrate an approach to resolve ultrafast diffuse x-ray scattering signals in real space and recover multiple atomic motions de-novo. We introduce a scattering basis representation that is composed of the measurement parameters and constraints, and the subsequent inversion analysis. We then leverage signal priors, such as smoothness and sparsity to deconvolve and super-resolve the spatially transformed signals using convex optimization. We validate the approach on simulated data with detection limits similar to X-ray free-electron laser experiments and discuss the resolution limits and noise dependence on the accuracy of the recovery.
The phenomenon of clasmatodendrosis.

Abstract Clasmatodendrosis derives from the Greek for fragment (klasma), tree (dendron), and condition (- osis). Cajal first used the term in 1913: he observed disintegration of the distal cell processes of astrocytes, along with a fragmentation or beading of proximal processes closer to the astrocyte cell body. In contemporary clinical and experimental reports, clasmatodendrosis has been observed in models of cerebral ischemia and seizures (including status epilepticus), in elderly brains, in white matter disease, in hippocampal models and cell cultures associated with amyloid plaques, in head trauma, toxic exposures, demyelinating diseases, encephalitides and infection-associated encephalopathies, and in the treatment of cancer using immune effector cells. We examine evidence to support a claim that clasmatodendrotic astrocyte cell processes overtly bead (truncate) as a morphological sign of ongoing damage premortem. In grey and white matter and often in relationship to vascular lumina, beading becomes apparent with immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein when specimens are examined at reasonably high magnification, but demonstration of distal astrocytic loss of processes may require additional marker study and imaging. Proposed mechanisms for clasmatodendrotic change have examined hypoxic-ischemic, osmotic-demyelinating, and autophagic models. In these models as well as in neuropathological reports, parenchymal swelling, vessel-wall leakage, or disturbed clearance of toxins can occur in association with clasmatodendrosis. Clasmatodendrotic features may serve as a marker for gliovascular dysregulation either acutely or chronically. We review correlative evidence for blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction associated with astrocytic structural change, with attention to interactions between endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytic endfeet.
Financial Transaction Forecasting using Neural Network and Bayesian Optimization

The stock price forecasting has been a well-known topic attracting many researchers and investors. How to buy in a low price and sell it in a high price is an eternal focus. Until now, there are two schools about the stock market forecasting: fundamental analysis and technical analysis. This paper is mainly about the technical analysis which utilized the historical time-series data of the market, such as transaction price and trading volume to predict whether we do financial transaction or not. In this paper, we propose a stock trading action selection prediction model which is based on neural networks and hyperparameter optimization methods. Our method makes predictions better by effectively analyzing attributes of different dimensions. Our trading behavior is evaluated on the Jane Street dataset provided by the kaggle competition. Experimental results show that our method achieves good performance compared with other machine learning methods. On the dimension of utility score we proposed to evaluate the performance of model, the unified score of our model is 2111 and 3179 higher than the results of ResNet and XGBoost models. In addition, we also studied to get the better hyperparameters with the Bayesian optimization algorithm.
Radial versus femoral secondary access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the risk of procedural complications after TAVR using secondary radial access (RA) versus femoral access (FA) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature. BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) entails both large-bore arterial access for device delivery and secondary arterial access for hemodynamic and imaging assessments. It is unknown whether RA versus FA for this secondary access reduces the risk of procedural complications. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for observational studies comparing TAVR procedural complications in RA versus FA. Event rates were compared via weighted summary odds ratios using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS Six manuscripts encompassing 6132 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that RA reduced the risk of major vascular complications (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.77, p < 0.001, I2 0%) and major/life-threatening bleeding (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.36-0.59, p < 0.001, I2 0%) as compared to FA for secondary TAVR access. We also observed a reduction 30-day mortality (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.79, p = 0.001, I2 0%), acute kidney injury (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.60, p < 0.001, I2 0%), and stroke and transient ischemic attack (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27-0.67, p < 0.001, I2 0%). CONCLUSIONS RA reduced the risk of major vascular and bleeding complications when compared to FA for secondary access in TAVR. RA is associated with reduced risk of other adverse outcomes including mortality, but these associations may be related to selection bias and confounding given the observational study designs.
Fusion-Fission Blanket Options for the LIFE Engine

The Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) concept is being developed to operate as either a pure fusion or hybrid fusion-fission system. The hybrid version is designed to generate power and burn both...
Lattice Isomorphisms and Semilinear Transformations

If we let ℒ and ℒ’ represent the geometries of two vector spaces V and V’ (over the same division ring), the maps of ℒ onto ℒ’ which preserve the order are natural objects of study from the geometric point of view. To every linear isomorphism of V onto V’ we can obviously associate an isomorphism of ℒ onto ℒ’. The question naturally arises whether every lattice isomorphism of ℒ onto ℒ can be constructed in this manner. It turns out that this is not quite so and that we have to include the so-called semilinear transformations in order to be able to describe all the lattice isomorphisms. At the same time, if we use the appropriate definitions, the class of semilinear transformations is adequate to describe all isomorphisms of ℒ onto ℒ’, even when V and V’ are defined over different but isomorphic division rings. Theorem 3.1, the fundamental result of this chapter, makes precise the remarks just made.
SU-C-BRA-07: Virtual Bronchoscopy-Guided IMRT Planning for Mapping and Avoiding Radiation Injury to the Airway Tree in Lung SAbR

Purpose: Post-treatment radiation injury to central and peripheral airways is a potentially important, yet under-investigated determinant of toxicity in lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAbR). We integrate virtual bronchoscopy technology into the radiotherapy planning process to spatially map and quantify the radiosensitivity of bronchial segments, and propose novel IMRT planning that limits airway dose through non-isotropic intermediate- and low-dose spillage. Methods: Pre- and ∼8.5 months post-SAbR diagnostic-quality CT scans were retrospectively collected from six NSCLC patients (50–60Gy in 3–5 fractions). From each scan, ∼5 branching levels of the bronchial tree were segmented using LungPoint, a virtual bronchoscopic navigation system. The pre-SAbR CT and the segmented bronchial tree were imported into the Eclipse treatment planning system and deformably registered to the planning CT. The five-fraction equivalent dose from the clinically-delivered plan was calculated for each segment using the Universal Survival Curve model. The pre- and post-SAbR CTs were used to evaluate radiation-induced segmental collapse. Two of six patients exhibited significant segmental collapse with associated atelectasis and fibrosis, and were re-planned using IMRT. Results: Multivariate stepwise logistic regression over six patients (81 segments) showed that D0.01cc (minimum point dose within the 0.01cc receiving highest dose) was a significant independent factor associated with collapsemore » (odds-ratio=1.17, p=0.010). The D0.01cc threshold for collapse was 57Gy, above which, collapse rate was 45%. In the two patients exhibiting segmental collapse, 22 out of 32 segments showed D0.01cc >57Gy. IMRT re-planning reduced D0.01cc below 57Gy in 15 of the 22 segments (68%) while simultaneously achieving the original clinical plan objectives for PTV coverage and OAR-sparing. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the administration of lung SAbR can Result in significant injury to bronchial segments, potentially impairing post-SAbR lung function. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of functional avoidance based on mapping and minimizing dose to individual bronchial segments. The presenting author receives research funding from Varian Medical Systems, Elekta, and VisionRT.« less
Fading a concurrent activity during self-control training for children with autism

We evaluated a modified technique for teaching self-control and increasing the duration of waiting for access to a preferred item among 3 children with autism. Participants initially chose an immediate small reinforcer over a delayed large reinforcer and a delayed large reinforcer with a concurrent activity requirement for the duration of the delay. When the delay to the larger reinforcer with the concurrent activity requirement was gradually increased from 0 s to the terminal delay, participants switched to and maintained selection of that option, thereby demonstrating increased self-control. Finally, the duration of the concurrent activity was gradually reduced without changing the duration of the delay to the large reinforcer. All 3 participants continued to select the delayed large reinforcer, showing self-controlled responding in the absence of a concurrent activity.
Esdiabetes (an expert system in diabetes)

Diabetes is a disease that affects many people in the world [1]. Diabetes cost in the U.S.A. is estimated to represent 5.8% of total personal health-care expenditures. In Europe diabetes is estimated to consume about 10% of the total health care budget Patients with diabetes need to maintain a normal blood glucose level. ESDIABETES, was developed by computer science graduate students at Texas A&M University Corpus Christi to help people monitor and control the blood glucose level. The diabetes experts were Dr. Steve Ponder and Dr. Hilda Ramirez from Dricoll's children hospital. This paper describes the steps followed to implement ESDIABETES.
Studies on the bacteriophage fl. I. Alkali-induced disassembly of the phage into DNA and protein.

Abstract Studies are reported on the alkali-induced disassembly of the bacteriophage f1. The data suggest that the disassembly is an all-or-none phenomenon initiated by an ionization of a specific capsid protein (A protein) located at the end of the virion followed by titration of the bulk coat protein. This process is followed by disassembly of the phage into DNA and protein with concomitant loss of viability. Studies with the amber mutant R4 have shown that alterations in the gene-3 product decrease the stability of the phage and that therefore this cistron codes for the A protein. A second capsid protein has been isolated using a new method of phage protein preparation: it might be the A protein. A model for the anatomy of the phage is presented.
La herencia de los bárbaros: Fragilidad de la memoria y lucidez trágica en Amic-Amat y Forasters, de Ventura Pons

El ensayo analiza la problematica de la decadencia y la renovacion de las sociedades en dos peliculas de Ventura Pons. En ambas el director catalan se enfrenta a la dificultad de la transmision cultural en ausencia de condiciones organicas. La adversidad biologica plantea la necesidad de seducir a un heredero ad hoc, un joven "barbaro" capaz de renovar la vitalidad de la cultura moribunda. En Forasters, este problema, previamente tratado en Amic-Amat desde la perspectiva de una sociedad dominada por el epicureismo, se aborda en terminos de hibridacion y de sintesis dialectica entre inmigracion y autoctonia. La historia deja de ser un esfuerzo lineal hacia la liberacion para avanzar en ciclos, desde el interior de los cuales la identidad emerge como efecto de la repeticion de unos destinos que a veces llegan a tomar conciencia de su desdoblamiento y superan la tragedia de la individualidad.
The frog ate the bug and made his mouth sad : Narrative competence in children with autism

This study compares the narrative abilities of 13 children with autism, 13 children with developmental delays, and 13 typically developing children matched on language ability. Although groups did not differ in their use of causal language or internal state terms, children with autism and children with developmental delays were less likely than typical children to identify the causes of characters' internal states. Rather, they tended simply to label emotions and explain actions. Children with autism and children with developmental delays also relied on a more restricted range of evaluative devices, which both convey point of view and maintain listener involvement. In addition, the narrative abilities of children with autism were linked to performance on measures of theory of mind and an index of conversational competence, whereas this was not the case among children with developmental delays. Findings are discussed in relation to the social, cognitive, and emotional underpinnings and consequences of narrative activity.
Molecular dynamics study of non-equilibrium energy transport from a cylindrical track I. Test of ''spike'' models

Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations were carried out to describe the kinetic energy transport in a low temperature, condensed-gas solid following electronic excitation of a narrow cylindrical region by fast ions. Solid Ar is used as a model material. The atoms in a cylindrical region of an Ar sample are each given a kinetic energy, which they might obtain by non-radiative radiative relaxation processes, and the evolution of the sample is followed in time. Whereas a uniformly energized sample is found to equilibrate in a mean collision time, equilibration competes with radial transport of energy from the cylindrically excited region. The radial evolution of the deposited energy is compared to that predicted by thermal spike models because of their extensive use. Both analytic and finite diAerence calculations are examined. Although the numerical model, using a realistic conductivity, gives the best comparison, none of the thermal spike models very accurately describe the radial energy profile with time. Initially, energy is collisionaly transported along nearest neighbor directions. Very rapidly a melt front forms, which has nearly constant radial extent, and a pressure wave moves outward in the region not melted, carrying oA part of the total energy deposited. In paper II these results are applied to electronic sputtering of condensed-gas solids. ” 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Cardiac Fibroblast GRK2 Deletion Enhances Contractility and Remodeling Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Decades of research have identified G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) as an important molecule that is upregulated in the cardiomyocyte after myocardial injury and during heart failure development. Research from our lab has convincingly demonstrated that myocyte-specific loss of GRK2 both before and after myocardial ischemic injury improves cardiac function and remodeling. Recent studies have reported that GRK2 is also upregulated in the cardiac fibroblast in the failing heart, suggesting a potential role for this molecule in the most abundant cell type in the heart. However, the in vivo implications of GRK2 expression in the fibroblast following cardiac stress remain a mystery. Tamoxifen inducible, fibroblast-specific GRK2 knockout mice (Col1α2CreER/GRK2flox) were treated with tamoxifen along with their control murine counterparts (GRK2flox alone) for 10 days to induce deletion of GRK2 in fibroblasts. Two weeks later mice were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via coronary artery occlusion for 30 minutes followed by periods of reperfusion. Fibroblast GRK2 knockout mice presented with preserved cardiac function 24 hours post-I/R compared to control mice as demonstrated by increased ejection fraction (58.1±1.8% vs. 48.7±1.2%, respectively, N=11-14, p=0.0005). GRK2 knockout mice also presented with decreased fibrosis in the infarcted area 72 hours following I/R injury as shown by Masson’s Trichrome staining. In line with decreased fibrosis, these mice also expressed decreased amounts of TGFβ1 and Collagen I. Additionally, α-smooth muscle actin expression is significantly diminished, indicating reduced fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation. These data suggest that GRK2 plays a key role up-stream in fibroblast activation and function in the ischemic heart and indicate that, like in the cardiomyocyte, inhibition of GRK2 in the cardiac fibroblast is a potential therapeutic target to limit cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after ischemic injury.