cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intramammary infections in heifers during early lactation following intramammary infusion of pirlimycin hydrochloride or penicillin-novobiocin at the first milking after parturition.

A study was conducted to determine whether intramammary antibiotic treatment of heifer mammary glands following the first milking after calving was effective for reducing the percentage of mammary quarters infected during early lactation. Jersey and Holstein heifers from two research herds were assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) no intramammary infusion following the first milking after parturition, (2) intramammary infusion of all quarters with pirlimycin hydrochloride following the first milking after parturition and (3) intramammary infusion of all quarters with novobiocin sodium plus penicillin G procaine following the first milking after parturition. Almost 93% of Jersey heifers (40/43) and 73·1% of quarters (125/171) were infected at the first milking. Almost 77% of quarters (33/43) were cured following treatment with pirlimycin, 61·8% (21/34) were cured following treatment with penicillin-novobiocin and 39·6% (19/48) of infections were eliminated spontaneously in the untreated control group. Significantly fewer infections were observed in pirlimycin or penicillin-novobiocin treated mammary glands of Jersey heifers during early lactation than in untreated control mammary glands. Almost 89% of Holstein heifers (32/36) and 52·8% of quarters (76/144) were infected at the first milking. About 57% (12/21) of quarters were cured following treatment with pirlimycin, 41·4% (12/29) were cured following treatment with penicillin-novobiocin and 23·1% (6/26) of infections were eliminated spontaneously in the untreated negative control group. Significantly fewer infections were observed in pirlimycin treated mammary glands of Holstein heifers during early lactation than in untreated control mammary glands. However, no significant differences were observed following penicillin-novobiocin treatment of Holstein heifers after the first milking of lactation compared with untreated control quarters. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp dysgalactiae were isolated most frequently in heifers from both herds.
A study of the mechanism of the steroid withdrawal syndrome. Evidence for integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system.

ABSTRACT Cushing's syndrome developed in 10 male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were receiving prednisone, 30 mg. daily, and zinc-corticotropin (ACTH), 40 units every other day, for about six months in addition to anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. The responsiveness of the adrenal cortex to intravenous ACTH was tested before, during and after the period of prednisone-ACTH therapy. Although the baseline level of plasma cortisol before initiation of therapy was higher than that of normal controls, a smaller rise occurred in response to ACTH, resulting in similar final levels. During treatment both the baseline plasma cortisol level and the response to ACTH were reduced compared to normal controls. Despite very gradual tapering of the dosages of prednisone and ACTH after five to six months of therapy, striking symptoms developed, reminiscent of those occurring in Addison's disease or after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome; these symptoms responded to reinstitution of prednisone therapy....
Effect of hospital volume on margin status after pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer.

Background The volume-outcome relationship has been repeatedly demonstrated for pancreatectomy, but identifying underlying reasons for this association has been challenging. Some have suggested that differences in surgical technique may affect longterm survival, but it is unknown whether margin-positive resection rates vary by hospital volume. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of hospital pancreatectomy volume on margin status. Study Design Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (1998 to 2004). Regression modeling adjusting for patient, tumor, and hospital factors was used to assess predictors of margin involvement and to evaluate the effect of margin status on survival. Volume quintiles were based on average annual hospital pancreatectomy volume. Results Of 12,101 patients, 24.4% had positive resection margins (14.6% microscopic/R1; 9.8% macroscopic/R2). From 1998 to 2004, there was not a significant change in margin-positive resection rates (p=0.43). On multivariable analysis, patients were more likely to have a margin-positive resection if they had a higher T classification or nodal involvement, were uninsured or living in lower-income areas, or underwent resection at lowest-volume hospitals compared with highest-volume hospitals (25.9% versus 22.6%, p Conclusions Involved resection margins are a poor prognostic factor after a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy at low-volume centers are more likely to have margin-positive resections. Standardization of pathologic evaluation for pancreatectomy specimens is needed.
Two-state vs. multistate protein unfolding studied by optical melting and hydrogen exchange

A direct conflict between the stabilization free energy parameters of cytochrome c determined by optical methods and by hydrogen exchange (HX) is quantitatively explained when the partially folded intermediates seen by HX are taken into account. The results support the previous HX measurements of intermediate populations, show how intermediates can elude the standard melting analysis, and illustrate how they confuse the analysis when they are significantly populated within the melting transition region.
The dependence of spike field coherence on expected intensity

The coherence between neural spike trains and local-field potential recordings, called spike-field coherence, is of key importance in many neuroscience studies. In this work, aside from questions of estimator performance, we demonstrate that theoretical spike-field coherence for a broad class of spiking models depends on the expected rate of spiking. This rate dependence confounds the phase locking of spike events to field-potential oscillations with overall neuron activity and is demonstrated analytically, for a large class of stochastic models, and in simulation. Finally, the relationship between the spike-field coherence and the intensity field coherence is detailed analytically. This latter quantity is independent of neuron firing rate and, under commonly found conditions, is proportional to the probability that a neuron spikes at a specific phase of field oscillation. Hence, intensity field coherence is a rate-independent measure and a candidate on which to base the appropriate statistical inference of spike field synchrony.
Insertion Preference of Maize and Rice Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements as Revealed by the Analysis of Nested Elements

A 128-bp insertion into the maize waxy-B2 allele led to the discovery of Tourist, a family of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs). As a special category of nonautonomous elements, MITEs are distinguished by their high copy number, small size, and close association with plant genes. In maize, some Tourist elements (named Tourist-Zm) are present as adjacent or nested insertions. To determine whether the formation of multimers is a common feature of MITEs, we performed a more thorough survey, including an estimation of the proportion of multimers, with 30.2 Mb of publicly available rice genome sequence. Among the 6600 MITEs identified, >10% were present as multimers. The proportion of multimers differs for different MITE families. For some MITE families, a high frequency of self-insertions was found. The fact that all 340 multimers are unique indicates that the multimers are not capable of further amplification.
Stability of a third-order nonlinear differential equation

Third order nonlinear differential equation stability properties established by Liapunov second method
Usefulness of SPICE in high voltage engineering education

The usefulness of the SPICE circuit analysis program is demonstrated in high voltage engineering education, where assembling the actual circuit might be very time-consuming and costly and hand calculation techniques could be very complicated. Two representative high-voltage generating circuits are simulated. One is an impulse generator and the other is a voltage multiplier. The first circuit is analyzed for the dependence of the risetime of the impulse voltage on the values of the wave-front resistor, line inductance, and load capacitance. A three-stage impulse generator is also simulated to determine the effects of wave-front and wave-tail resistors on the voltage waveform. The second circuit is analyzed for the dependence of the output voltage and ripple on the load resistance and output capacitance. SPICE can similarly be used for most high-voltage systems in the laboratory, making use of students' time much more effective as well as limiting their exposure to very high voltages, ensuring personal safety in the laboratory. >
Contribution of Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) to Hyper-Radiosensitivity in Human Gastric Cancer Cells.

Whole-abdominal radiotherapy (WART) is a primary method for managing gastrointestinal cancers that have disseminated into intra-abdominal tissues. While effective, this approach is limited because of the increased toxicity to normal tissue associated with combined WART and full-dose chemotherapy regimens. Recent studies have demonstrated a survival advantage in a novel treatment paradigm that allows for the safe use of full-dose systemic chemotherapy in combination with low-dose fractionated radiotherapy (LDFRT). Traditionally, radiation doses greater than 120 cGy have been used in radiotherapy because lower doses were thought to be ineffective for tumor therapy. However, we now know that LDFRT can produce hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS), a phenomenon where cells undergo apoptosis at radiation doses as low as 15 cGy, in a number of proliferating cells. The objectives of our current study were to determine whether LDFRT can induce HRS in gastrointestinal cancer cells and to identify biomarkers of chemopotenti...
Effects of selection for ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage in Angus bulls on carcass traits of progeny

Angus bulls (n = 20) from three pure-bred herds in Georgia were acquired to determine the impact of selecting sires based on phenotypic yearling ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage (UIMF) or UIMF EPD on marbling score of steer progeny. Each year in each herd, pairs of bulls were selected to create large differences based on their age adjusted phenotypic yearling UIMF measurements. The average UIMF, weighted by number of progeny per sire, was 3.75% (SD = 1.10%) and 1.70% (SD = 0.53%) for high UIMF (HU) and low UIMF (LU) bulls, respectively. All available ultrasound measurements collected in the purebred co-operator herds were combined with other ultrasound records collected by the American Angus Association for the computation of genetic values for ultrasound fat thickness, ribeye area, and intramuscular fat percentage. Each year bulls were randomly mated to 14 to 30 commercial Angus females. Carcass weight, fat thickness at the 12th rib, ribeye area at the 12th rib, marbling score, yield grade, and quality-grade measurements were collected on 188 steer progeny. Carcass data were linearly adjusted to 480 d of age at slaughter. Steer progeny sired by HU bulls had higher age-adjusted marbling score and quality grade (P < 0.05), and smaller age-adjusted ribeye area (P < 0.05) than steer progeny sired by LU bulls. No significant differences between phenotypic UIMF lines were found for age-adjusted fat thickness (P = 0.84) and yield grade (P = 0.33) in the steer progeny. The regression of age-adjusted carcass marbling score and quality grade of the steer progeny on ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage EPD of the sires produced highly significant regression coefficients of 90.50 and 49.20, respectively. Thus, yearling Angus bulls selected for high-phenotypic UIMF and UIMF EPD can be expected to produce steer progeny with significantly higher amounts of marbling and quality grade. It also appears that marbling can be increased without corresponding increases in external fat thickness and yield grade.
Clinical Applicability of the Test-retest Reliability of qEEG Coherence

Measurement reliability is an important aspect of establishing the utility of scores used in clinical practice. Although much is known about the reliability of quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) metrics related to absolute power, less is known about the reliability of coherence metrics. The current study examined the measurement reliability of coherence metrics across standard frequency bands during an eyes-closed resting state. Reliability was examined both within channel pairs, and averaged across spatially contiguous channels, to summarize global patterns. We found that while most channel pairs were highly reliable on average, there was substantial variability across channels. Finally, we estimated the effect of measurement reliability on the detection of treatment-related neural change. We concluded that estimates of reliability for treated channels are crucial, and should factor into clinical assessment of treatment efficacy for EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback), especially in cases where large cross-channel variability is present.
A TEM Study of the Structure of Polycrystalline Si Films on (111) Si Substrates Grown by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

A systematic series of films have been deposited on Si (111) wafers by the pyrolytic decomposition of disilane in a low pressure CVD reactor at temperatures below 765°C, at a variety of Si2H6 partial pressures. Usually, large columnar Si grains nucleate with the [110] fiber axis parallel to the [111] substrate normal, and exhibit a random arrangement of azimuthal orientations about this axis. Fine scale microtwinning and sub-grain boundaries which are often seen within individual columnar grains have been characterized by HREM. The facetted boundaries between individual columnar grains have also been characterized. The correlation between typical grain size, defect densities and Si2H6 partial pressure is presented and the effect of changing partial pressure during growth is shown to be detrimental to film quality. Finally it is noted that randomly oriented polycrystalline Si films can be formed under certain growth conditions.
Compressive Performance Test of Precast Concrete Assembly Foundation for Qinghai-Tibet AC/DC Grid Interconnection Project

The precast concrete assembly foundation for Qinghai-Tibet AC 750 kV/DC±400 kV grid interconnection project in frozen soil area was tested under compression load. The mechanical co-working properties for the different parts of the foundation were analyzed based on the monitoring results of structural displacement,soil pressure,and fitting stress.Under compression load,both the displacement and the changing regularity of the ring flange connecting the column and the bottom slab and the joint seam of the two consolidated bottom slabs comformed with that of the top plane of the foundation. Two stages of elastic and elastic-plasticity were observed according to load-diplacement curves of the foundation.The stress of the channel beams increased with the compression load and were found in elastic stress status.Under the compression load,the two edges which were parallel to the the joint seam of two consolidated foundation slabs had a tendency to upwarping. However the displacement of all angular measuring points were less than that of the top plane of the foundaiton.The diplacemnet and the stress of the different connected parts redistributed until the new banance developed.As a result,the different connected parts of the precast concrete assembly foundation co-operated to carry the compression load.The structrual characteristic of the assembly foundaiton,the gaps among the assembly parts,the discrepance of the nut screwing up and the mismathing tolerance during consolidating were the key factors to determine the performance of the foundation.Under compression load,all structural parts of precast concrete assembly foundation had good entirety.
Control of bone remodeling by nervous system. The role of serotonin in the regulation of bone metabolism

There is increasing evidence for a contribution of serotonin to the regulation of bone metabolism. In the periphery, gut derived serotonin (GDS) regulates osteoblast proliferation and bone formation. In the brain, brain derived serotonin regulates bone mass through sympathetic nervous system. In addition, inhibition of GDS biosynthesis can treat osteoporosis in ovariectomized rodents by increasing bone formation. The emerging evidence has suggested that inhibiting GDS biosynthesis could become a new anabolic treatment for osteoporosis in humans.
Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism

Plasma lipoproteins represent a variety of large heterogeneous molecular aggregates that have the major function of transporting the water-insoluble lipids (particularly triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters) in the blood. Lipoproteins are dynamic molecules in a constant state of synthesis and degradation, actively exchanging certain lipids and proteins with each other.
Electrochemotherapy for the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma in a Rat Model

Each year approximately 6000 new cases of soft tissue sarcoma are diagnosed in the United States (1). The disease affects the extremities in 60% of the reported cases with the lower extremity the most likely tumor site (2,3). Management of soft tissue sarcomas is challenging but over the last 20 yr treatment has evolved from radical procedures such as amputation or compartmental resection to limb-sparing approaches (4,5). However, current limb sparing procedures are not applicable to all adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. Limb sparing techniques are not employed when tumors are located close to joints, bone, or neurovascular bundles (6).
Combined Operations in the Age of Digitization

From the earliest dawns of sophisticated warfare, operations have been conducted in which disparate factions came together to fight either unitary enemies or other coalitions. These early factions banded together to avoid defeat by their enemies, and the seeds of their defeat were actually rooted in the process and execution at operational level of their ad hoc uneasy alliances.
Determining controllability of sepsis using genetic algorithms on a proxy agent-based model of systemic inflammation

Sepsis, a manifestation of the body9s inflammatory response to injury and infection, has a mortality rate of between 28%-50% and affects approximately 1 million patients annually in the United States. Currently, there are no therapies targeting the cellular/molecular processes driving sepsis that have demonstrated the ability to control this disease process in the clinical setting. We propose that this is in great part due to the considerable heterogeneity of the clinical trajectories that constitute clinical “sepsis,” and that determining how this system can be controlled back into a state of health requires the application of concepts drawn from the field of dynamical systems. In this work, we consider the human immune system to be a random dynamical system, and investigate its potential controllability using an agent-based model of the innate immune response (the Innate Immune Response ABM or IIRABM) as a surrogate, proxy system. Simulation experiments with the IIRABM provide an explanation as to why single/limited cytokine perturbations at a single, or small number of, time points is unlikely to significantly improve the mortality rate of sepsis. We then use genetic algorithms (GA) to explore and characterize multi-targeted control strategies for the random dynamical immune system that guide it from a persistent, non-recovering inflammatory state (functionally equivalent to the clinical states of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis) to a state of health. We train the GA on a single parameter set with multiple stochastic replicates, and show that while the calculated results show good generalizability, more advanced strategies are needed to achieve the goal of adaptive personalized medicine. This work evaluating the extent of interventions needed to control a simplified surrogate model of sepsis provides insight into the scope of the clinical challenge, and can serve as a guide on the path towards true “precision control” of sepsis.
Recruitment and Retention of Homeless Youth in a Substance Use and HIV-risk Reduction Program:

Conducting intervention studies with homeless populations can be difficult, particularly in terms of retaining participants across multiple sessions and locating them for subsequent follow-up assessments. Homeless youth are even more challenging to engage due to substance use, mental health problems, wariness of authority figures, and frequent relocations. This article describes methods used to successfully recruit a sample of 200 homeless youth from two drop-in centers in Los Angeles, engage them in a four-session substance use and sexual risk reduction program (79% of youth attended multiple sessions), and retain 91% of the full sample at a three-month follow-up assessment. Our experience indicates that utilizing structured project materials and having a small dedicated staff are essential to recruitment and retention efforts for intervention studies with homeless youth. Using these and other nontraditional methods are likely necessary to engage this at-risk yet hard-to-reach population.
Of Modal Logics

I have distinguished between modal logic and tense logic more than is usual because I hold the distinction to be important. I am speaking of alethic modal logic, and throughout this chapter modal logic otherwise unspecified will mean the alethic variety. The categories of modal logic are not the same as those of tense logic, since the modal categories deal with logical distinctions which are unaffected by time, while the categories of tense logic do not. Modal logic is a branch of formal logic, while tense logic is part of concrete logic, where its treatment in this work will be found.
Oral Dosage Forms that should not be Crushed or Chewed

The 2002 update of the Hospital Pharmacy feature “Oral Dosage Forms that Should Not Be Crushed or Chewed” is included with this issue as a wall chart.
A Framework for Examination of Theoretic Viewpoints in Geography

My discussion concerns the nature of a model that purports to classify theoretic viewpoints in geography. Though the model has a simple structure, it has clarified for me some methodological aspects of geographic research. It has also identified several basic research problems that evidently have not been previously recognized.
Role of training data variability on classifier performance and generalizability

Large, high-quality training datasets are necessary for machine learning classifiers to achieve high performance. Due to the high cost of collecting quality annotated data, dataset sizes for medical imaging applications are typically small and collected at a single institution. The use of small, single-site datasets results in classifiers that do not generalize well to data collected at different institutions or under different imaging protocols. Previous attempts to address this problem resulted in development of transfer learning and domain adaptation algorithms. Our work investigates the improvement of generalization performance by increasing training data variability. We use data from multiple sites (one from a local clinic and two from publicly available sets) to train support vector machines (SVMs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to distinguish tissue patches of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC). To measure the effect of increasing training set variability on classifier robustness, we create different training combinations of two datasets for training and validation, and use the third set is reserved for testing. SVM accuracy on the testing dataset ranged from 50% to 59% when training with data from a single site, which increases to 61% when data from both sites was combined in training. Using CNNs, the testing accuracy was 56% and 67% when training on single-site data, which increased to 70% with data from both sites. Thus, the increase in generalization performance exists for both traditional and deep learning algorithms, and is essential for building larger datasets for medical image classification.
Evolution of Active Sites in Pt-Based Nanoalloy Catalysts for the Oxidation of Carbonaceous Species by Combined in Situ Infrared Spectroscopy and Total X-ray Scattering

We present results from combined in situ infrared spectroscopy and total X-ray scattering studies on the evolution of catalytically active sites in exemplary binary and ternary Pt-based nanoalloys during a sequence of CO oxidation–reactivation–CO oxidation reactions. We find that when within a particular compositional range, the fresh nanoalloys may exhibit high catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation. Using surface-specific atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) extracted from the in situ total X-ray scattering data, we find that, regardless of their chemical composition and initial catalytic activity, the fresh nanoalloys suffer a significant surface structural disorder during CO oxidation. Upon reactivation in oxygen atmosphere, the surface of used nanoalloy catalysts both partially oxidizes and orders. Remarkably, it largely retains its structural state when the nanoalloys are reused as CO oxidation catalysts. The seemingly inverse structural changes of studied nanoalloy catalysts occur...
The Availability of Alcohol and Alcohol Problems: Some Theoretical Explanations and Empirical Consequences

Stating that the availability of resources influences social life would indeed seem obvious. Cities and ports are built at the mouths of rivers, valleys attract nomads and urban villagers, and urban centers have served as gravitational pulls upon members of society. Yet, the availability of resources has not been systematically studied in social science research. The number of works utilizing this concept seems all too few. One such work involved the choice of friends, which was shown to be determined by position of residence in a housing complex rather than by personality or race (Deutsch and Collins, 1951). The destruction of resources brings to mind the death by dieselization of at least one community (Cottrel, 1951). Another study on prostitution reveals how such resources may influence commuting and residential patterns (Goldman, 1981). Recently the issue of availability has come to the fore in the area of handguns and violent crimes (Cook, 1981), while tourism has been linked with alcohol consumption (Watts and Rabow, 1981). After these observations are made, one may also, upon further reflection note that the building of a library or a bar in a neighborhood might not increase or modify the behavioral patterns of members located with proximal access to the new resource. The library and bar might lose in the competition with television or other resources for the time, money, and energy of community members. While there may not be immediate changes in the patterns of use of these newly available resources, the continuous encounter with these resources could effect changes in use over time. This suggests that the mere availability of resources does not lead to increased utilization. In the case of alcohol consumption, which has so many personal and social functions, its availability and utilization is perhaps even more problematic than the utilization of either natural or social resources.
Obesity and 30-Day Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive Nephrectomy.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between obesity and postoperative outcomes following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and minimally invasive radical nephrectomy (MIRN). Methods Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database, we identified adult patients who underwent either MIPN or MIRN from 2012 to 2016. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) according the World Health Organization classification of obesity (nonobese [BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2], class I obesity [BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2], class II obesity [BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2], and class III obesity [BMI≥40 kg/m2]). Multivariable logistic regressions alternately including obesity class, comorbidity score, and both were used to evaluate the association among these variables with post–operative outcomes. Results A total of 21,334 patients (MIPN=10,444, MIRN=10,890) were included. When only obesity class or comorbidity score was included in our multivariable logistic regression model, both variables were associated with increased odds of overall 30-day complications. However, when both class or comorbidity were included in the model, comorbidity but not obesity was found to be associated with increased postoperative complications. Obesity was also not found to be associated with unplanned readmission. However, obesity was independently associated with prolonged operative time and discharge to continued care in the full model. Conclusion This NSQIP study suggests that BMI does not independently predict the likelihood of overall complications or readmission within 30 days, and should not be considered a major barrier for MIPN or MIRN. Instead, obesity should be taken into consideration with other comorbidities when risk-stratifying patients prior to minimally invasive nephrectomy.
Machine learning materials physics: Integrable deep neural networks enable scale bridging by learning free energy functions

Abstract The free energy of a system is central to many material models. Although free energy data is not generally found directly, its derivatives can be observed or calculated. In this work, we present an Integrable Deep Neural Network (IDNN) that can be trained to derivative data obtained from atomic scale models and statistical mechanics , then analytically integrated to recover an accurate representation of the free energy. The IDNN is demonstrated by training to the chemical potential data of a binary alloy with B2 ordering. The resulting DNN representation of the free energy is used in a mesoscopic, phase field simulation and found to predict the appropriate formation of antiphase boundaries in the material. In contrast, a B-spline representation of the same data failed to resolve the physics of the system with sufficient fidelity to resolve the antiphase boundaries. Since the fine scale physics harbors complexity that emerges through the free energy in coarser-grained descriptions, the IDNN represents a framework for scale bridging in materials systems.
Workflow Caveats in Augmented Reality-Assisted Pedicle Instrumentation: Cadaver Lab.

Background Augmented reality (AR) is gaining popularity in gaming, industrial, military, and medical fields. Neurosurgical applications are currently limited and underdeveloped. Methods The cadaver lab session was prepared with the currently available AR equipment and software. Pedicle instrumentation was performed from thoracic 1 to the pelvis with either fluoroscopy or AR. Results A total of 38 screws were placed. There were no major breaches on the fluoroscopy-assisted side. Among the AR screws, 3 had a major medial breach and 4 had a major inferior breach. The cause of a 3 breaches appeared to be related to an error in the starting position, as their overall orientation remained correctly parallel to the original trajectory. Conclusions The article discusses the potential and limitations of AR in its current state and identifies strategies for successful AR application in future surgery.
MRI Assessment of Degeneration of the Tendon in Achilles Tendon Ruptures

Background:The extent of tendinosis along the entire tendon in Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) has not previously been assessed. MR images of acute ATRs were evaluated to assess this extent, even i...
Behavioral economics implementation: Regret lottery improves mHealth patient study adherence.

Abstract Background Nonadherence to study protocols reduces the generalizability, validity, and statistical power of longitudinal studies. Purpose To determine whether an automated electronically-delivered regret lottery would improve adherence to an intensive mHealth self-monitoring protocol as part of a longitudinal observational study. Methods We enrolled 77 adults into a 52-week study requiring five daily ecologic momentary assessments (EMA) of stress and daily accelerometer use. We performed a pre/post single-arm study to evaluate the efficacy of a lottery intervention in improving adherence to this protocol. Midway through the study, participants were invited to enter a weekly regret lottery ($50 prize, expected value Results 62 participants consented to lottery participation. In the 12 weeks prior to lottery initiation, weekly adherence was declining (slope −1.4%/week). The weekly per-participant probability of adherence was higher after lottery initiation when comparing the 4-week (32% pre-lottery vs 50% post-lottery, p Conclusion The implementation of an automated, electronically-delivered weekly regret lottery improved adherence with an intensive self-monitoring study protocol. Regret lotteries may represent a cost-effective tool to improve adherence and reduce bias caused by dropout or nonadherence.
Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions in protic media. Lanthanide-catalyzed reactions of indoles with aldehydes or ketones

Abstract Lanthanide triflates were found to be effective catalysts for reactions of indoles with aldehydes or ketones in aqueous solution.
On the optimal recovery threshold of coded matrix multiplication

We provide novel coded computation strategies for distributed matrix-matrix products that outperform the recent “Polynomial code” constructions in recovery threshold, i.e., the required number of successful workers. When m-th fraction of each matrix can be stored in each worker node, polynomial codes require m2 successful workers, while our novel MatDot codes only require 2m − 1 successful workers, albeit at a higher communication cost from each worker to the fusion node. Further, we propose “PolyDot” coding that interpolates between Polynomial codes and MatDot codes. Finally, we demonstrate an application of PolyDot codes to multiplying multiple (> 2) matrices.
Oliver Goldsmith’s The Vicar of Wakefield and Cesare Beccaria’s On Crimes and Punishments

This paper posits the influence of Cesare Beccaria’s Dei delitti e delle pene on the development of characters and episodes in Oliver Goldsmith’s The Vicar of Wakefield using the close analogies between the two texts, particularly the later chapters of the novel, the time lapse between the sale to the publisher and the eventual publication of the novel that allowed for revisions and additions to the text, and the spread of Beccaria’s ideas in England prior to the English translation of his work.
Model Tests on an Integration Method of Collision Avoidance and Radio Communication Systems with Helmet-Mounted Imaging Systems in Order to Increase Safety of Air Transport Systems

Modern integrated avionic systems include, among others, helmet-mounted data presentation systems, the main objective of which is to improve situational and tactical awareness of a pilot on the modern battlefield. A completely new issue related to the helmet-mounted data imaging is the use of imaging the information obtained from collision avoidance and radio communication systems. The electronic (computer) integration of individual devices forming an integrated avionic system uses digital data buses, in which information (including alarm signals, radio operating parameters, voice commands) can be provided directly “in front of the pilot’s eyes” in the helmet-mounted imaging systems. The paper presents the results of the model tests, within the framework of the reliability of information obtained from the selected collision avoidance and radio communication systems, carried out in the Air Force Institute of Technology. It also discusses the selected methods and systems applied in order to support the pilot in terms of warning of a collision risk situation (monitor imaging) and the selected analysis results of the probability of the aircraft collision in the controlled airspace. The SWPL-1 Cyklop helmet-mounted flight parameter display system (constructed in the Avionics Division of Air Force Institute of Technology) and proposals of imaging the selected parameters from the collision avoidance and radio communication systems on military helicopters of the Polish Armed Forces were presented.
On Modeling Ensemble Transport of Metal Reducing Motile Bacteria

Many metal reducing bacteria are motile with their run-and-tumble behavior exhibiting series of flights and waiting-time spanning multiple orders of magnitude. While several models of bacterial processes do not consider their ensemble motion, some models treat motility using an advection diffusion equation (ADE). In this study, Geobacter and Pelosinus, two metal reducing species, are used in micromodel experiments for study of their motility characteristics. Trajectories of individual cells on the order of several seconds to few minutes in duration are analyzed to provide information on (1) the length of runs, and (2) time needed to complete a run (waiting or residence time). A Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) model to predict ensemble breakthrough plots is developed based on the motility statistics. The results of the CTRW model and an ADE model are compared with the real breakthrough plots obtained directly from the trajectories. The ADE model is shown to be insufficient, whereas a coupled CTRW model is found to be good at predicting breakthroughs at short distances and at early times, but not at late time and long distances. The inadequacies of the simple CTRW model can possibly be improved by accounting for correlation in run length and waiting time.
Discussing Religious and Spiritual Beliefs at Work: Legal, Developmental, and Ethical Considerations

AbstractSome student affairs professionals who are employed at public colleges and universities feel conflicted about the degree to which they should or should not discuss their religious and/or sp...
The utility of S100B level in detecting mild traumatic brain injury in intoxicated patients.

Abstract Background S100B is a serum protein known to elevate in patients with brain injury, but it is unknown whether it can predict intracranial pathology in intoxicated patients following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the English language literature to address this question. Main outcomes and results Four prospective cohort trials of serum S100B levels on acutely intoxicated patients with MTBI were included in this meta-analysis. Prevalence of intracranial pathology in the pooled cohort of the intoxicated MTBI patients was 10%, lower than the 15–30% reported in the literature for the general MTBI population. Standard mean difference of serum S100B levels between patients with and without intracranial pathology on CT was 0.73 μg/L (Z = 18.33, P Conclusions Serum S100B levels may have utility in ruling out intracranial pathology in intoxicated patients, however more study and comparison with other serum biomarkers of brain injury are necessary before this becomes the accepted standard of care.
MITRACLIP 30-DAY READMISSIONS AND IMPACT OF NEXT-DAY DISCHARGE: AN ANALYSIS FROM NATIONWIDE READMISSIONS DATABASE 2016

The MitraClip procedure, which was initially created to treat degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), will continue to increase as recent data demonstrated its impact on survival in patients with functional MR. Thus, the concept of next-day discharge (NDD) MitraClip becomes an attractive option.
Neural networks for the automated detection of methanol vapour from airborne passive infrared multispectral imaging data

Pattern recognition methodology was developed for the automated detection of methanol vapour plumes from passive multispectral infrared remote sensing data. The data employed in this work were coll...
Association between anemia and household water source or sanitation in preschool children: the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project

BACKGROUND The associations between anemia and household water source and sanitation remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the associations between anemia and household water source or sanitation in preschool children (PSC; age 6-59 mo) using population-based surveys from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. METHODS We analyzed national and subnational data from 21 surveys, representing 19 countries (n = 35,963). Observations with hemoglobin (Hb) and ≥1 variable reflecting household water source or sanitation were included. Anemia was defined as an altitude-adjusted Hb concentration <110 g/L. Household water source and sanitation variables were dichotomized as "improved" or "unimproved." Poisson regressions with robust variance estimates were conducted for each survey, adjusting for child sex, age, household socioeconomic status, maternal education, and type of residence. RESULTS Access to an improved water source and improved sanitation ranged from 29.9% (Burkina Faso) to 98.4% (Bangladesh, 2012), and from 0.2% (Kenya, 2007) to 97.4% (Philippines), respectively. Prevalence of anemia ranged from 20.1% (Nicaragua) to 83.5% (Bangladesh, 2010). Seven surveys showed negative associations between anemia and improved sanitation. Three surveys showed association between anemia and improved water, with mixed directions. Meta-analyses suggested a protective association between improved household sanitation and anemia [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98], and no association between improved household water and anemia (aPR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.10). There was heterogeneity across surveys for sanitation (P < 0.01; I2 = 66.3%) and water (P < 0.01; I2 = 55.8%). CONCLUSIONS Although improved household sanitation was associated with reduced anemia prevalence in PSC in some surveys, this association was not consistent. Access to an improved water source in general had no association with anemia across surveys. Additional research could help clarify the heterogeneity between these conditions across countries to inform anemia reduction programs.
New effects in gravitational waves and memory

We find new effects for gravitational waves and memory in asymptotically flat spacetimes of slow decay. In particular, we find growing magnetic memory for these general systems. These effects do not arise in spacetimes resulting from data with fast decay towards infinity, including data that is stationary outside a compact set. The new results are derived for the Einstein vacuum as well as for the Einstein-null-fluid equations describing neutrino radiation, where the neutrino distribution falls off slowly towards infinity. Moreover, they hold for other matter and energy fields coupled to the Einstein equations as long as the data obey corresponding decay laws and other conditions are fulfilled. The magnetic memory occurs naturally in the Einstein vacuum regime of pure gravitation, and in the Einstein-matter systems satisfying the aforementioned conditions. As a main new effect, we find that there is diverging magnetic memory sourced by the magnetic part of the curvature. In the most extreme case, the magnetic memory, in addition, features a curl term from the neutrino cloud, growing at the same rate. Electric memory is diverging as well, sourced by the electric part of the curvature tensor and the corresponding energy-momentum component. Shear (news) adds to the electric memory. Moreover, a multitude of lower order terms contribute to both electric and magnetic memory. It has been known that for stronger decay of the data, including data that is stationary outside a compact set, gravitational wave memory is finite and of electric parity only. The more general scenarios in this article exhibit richer structures displaying the physics of these more general systems. We lay open these new structures. Further, we identify a range of decay rates for asymptotically flat spacetimes for which the new effects occur but with different leading order behavior. The new effects are expected to be seen in current and future gravitational wave detectors. They have an abundance of applications of which we mention a few in this paper. Applications include exploring gravitational wave sources of the above types, detecting dark matter via gravitational waves and other areas of physics.
Materials analysis and focused ion beam nanofabrication of topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3

Focused ion beam milling allows manipulation of the shape and size of nanostructures to create geometries potentially useful for opto-electronics, thermoelectrics, and quantum computing. We focus on using the ion beam to control the thickness of Bi2Se3 and to create nanowires from larger structures. Changes in the material structure of Bi2Se3 nanomaterials that have been milled using a focused ion beam are presented. In order to characterize the effects of ion beam processing on the samples, we use a variety of techniques including analytical transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that while part of the material remains intact after shaping, amorphous regions form where the beam has been used to thin the sample. For wires created by thinning the material down to the substrate, the sidewalls of the wires appear intact based on diffraction images from samples cut at an angle, but thin crystalline regions remain at the wire edges. Even with the resulting defects and limitations when thinning, focused ion beam milling can be used to fabricate custom geometries of Bi2Se3 nanostructures.
Evaluating Performance of EEG Data-Driven Machine Learning for Traumatic Brain Injury Classification

Objectives: Big data analytics can potentially benefit the assessment and management of complex neurological conditions by extracting information that is difficult to identify manually. In this study, we evaluated the performance of commonly used supervised machine learning algorithms in the classification of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) history from those with stroke history and/or normal EEG. Methods: Support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) models were generated with a diverse feature set from Temple EEG Corpus for both two-class classification of patients with TBI history from normal subjects and three-class classification of TBI, stroke and normal subjects. Results: For two-class classification, an accuracy of 0.94 was achieved in 10-fold cross validation (CV), and 0.76 in independent validation (IV). For three-class classification, 0.85 and 0.71 accuracy were reached in CV and IV respectively. Overall, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) feature selection and SVM models consistently performed well in both CV and IV and for both two-class and three-class classification. Compared to normal control, both TBI and stroke patients showed an overall reduction in coherence and relative PSD in delta frequency, and an increase in higher frequency (alpha, mu, beta and gamma) power. But stroke patients showed a greater degree of change and had additional global decrease in theta power. Conclusions: Our study suggests that EEG data-driven machine learning can be a useful tool for TBI classification. Significance: Our study provides preliminary evidence that EEG ML algorithm can potentially provide specificity to separate different neurological conditions.
Filipino Home Care Workers: Invisible Frontline Workers in the COVID-19 Crisis in the United States

Filipino home care workers are at the frontlines of assisted living facilities and residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFEs), yet their work has largely been unseen. We attribute this inv...
The Transmission of Financial Stress from Advanced to Emerging Economies

This paper studies how financial stress, defined as periods of impaired financial intermediation, is transmitted from advanced to emerging economies using a new financial stress index for emerging ...