cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a medication counseling workshop for physicians: can we improve on 'take two pills and call me in the morning'?

Background: Physicians often do not provide adequate medication counseling. Purpose: To develop and evaluate an educational program to improve physicians’ assessment of adherence and their medication counseling skills, with attention to health literacy. Methods: We compared internal medicine residents’ confidence and counseling behaviors, measured by selfreport at baseline and one month after participation in a two-hour interactive workshop. Results: Fifty-four residents participated; 35 (65%) completed the follow-up survey. One month after training, residents reported improved confidence in assessing and counseling patients (p<0.001), including those with low health literacy (p<0.001). Residents also reported more frequent use of desirable behaviors, such as assessing patients’ medication understanding and adherence barriers (p<0.05 for each), addressing costs when prescribing (p<0.01), suggesting adherence aids (p<0.01), and confirming patient understanding with teach-back (p<0.05). Conclusion: A medication counseling workshop significantly improved residents’ self-reported confidence and behaviors regarding medication counseling one month later. Keywords: medication adherence; health literacy; health communication (Published: 8 September 2011) Citation: Medical Education Online 2011, 16 : 7133 - DOI: 10.3402/meo.v16i0.7133
Specific heat studies of transition and relaxation behavior in polymers

Specific heat studies of polymers are reviewed within the framework of Buyer's classification: (a) melting transition (Tm); (b) glass transition (Tg); (c) subglass relaxation (T < Tg); and (d) intermediate relaxation (Tg < T < Tm). The melting transition is readily apparent in specific heat measurements because of the heat of fusion resulting from the transition. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from calorimetric measurements confirm that melting is a first-order transition and, in general, the phenomena are well understood. The change in Cp at Tg probably provides the least ambiguous assignment of Tg by precision calorimetric measurements. Specific heat studies focus sharply on the thermodynamic aspects of glass formation but still show the relaxational properties. Although complicated, the specific heat behavior of semi crystal line polymers is less complex than other techniques. There are no abrupt changes in Cp from near 0°K. to Tt similar to the mechanical or dielectric relaxations observed below Tg. Although the molecular processes responsible for the low temperature relaxations contribute to Cp, the processes are not sufficiently cooperative to occur over a narrow temperature range. Some examples of molecular processes such as methyl or other group rotation and con-formational isomerism, which contribute to Cp, are discussed. The intermediate relaxations (Tg < T < Tm) which occur in semi crystalline polymers are complex, and many mechanisms, such as premelting, crystal-crystal transitions, defects and crystal-amorphous interactions have been proposed. The few specific heat results available are not conclusive and considerable work is needed in this area.
Construction of female urethra using buccal mucosa graft.

Purpose: We reviewed our experience with buccal mucosa grafts for reconstructing difficult female urethral problems.Methods and Methods: Since 1994, we have used a buccal mucosa graft to reconstruct the urethra in 7 girls 3 to 13 years old. The underlying pathological condition was a fibrotic urethra after previous operations for cloacal exstrophy, cloacal malformation, iatrogenic urethral stricture, and multiple false passages in a previously reconstructed urethra of vaginal mucosa that made clean intermittent catheterization difficult. A full-thickness buccal mucosa graft was tubularized in situ as the neourethra to the base of the clitoris. In patients with cloacal exstrophy and cloacal malformation the bladder neck and urethra were widely exposed transabdominally by splitting the pubic symphysis. The fibrotic mucosa was excised and the tubularized buccal mucosa graft was wrapped with periurethral tissues. Other patients underwent transvaginal surgery in the prone position and the graft was covered wit...
Ethnicity, Local Interests, and the State: Yi Communities in Southwest China

People who are not members of the Han Chinese majority and who are officially classified as members of the Yi minzu (“ethnic group”) inhabit many villages within fifty kilometers of the industrial city of Panzhihua (formerly Dukou) at the southernmost point of Sichuan province. These people differ widely from each other in language and other cultural traits and in the nature of their relationship to their non-Yi neighbors. Of three Yi communities studied in the winter of 1988, one is isolated from and culturally distinct from the Han society of its neighbors, and its separate ethnic identity is taken by Yi and Han as a given. given. In another community, Yi and Han live totally intermixed and are culturally identical, and again the separate ethnic identity of the Yi and Han is accepted by all concerned. In the third community, the people classified as Yi are also culturally identical with the Han, though they live separately. Although they are classified as Yi, they do not admit that they belong to the Yi minzu; they insist instead that they are a separate group altogether—the shuitian zu or “rice-field people.” This paper attempts to explain why the nature of ethnic identity is so different in the three Yi communities.
Black race independently predicts worse survival in uterine carcinosarcoma

Abstract Objective GOG 150 suggested that Black women had worse survival compared to White women with uterine carcinosarcoma. Our objective was to compare treatment and survival outcomes between Black and White women at a National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) cancer center serving a diverse racial population. Methods An IRB approved retrospective cohort study of uterine carcinosarcoma patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 was performed. Survival was compared by race and stratified by stage. Median progression free and overall survival (PFS and OS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed with Cox proportional hazards model. Results 158 women were included: 93 (59%) were Black and 65 (41%) were White. 95 (60%) had early stage disease and 63 (40%) had advanced stage disease. Black women had a shorter PFS (7.9 vs. 14.2 months, p Conclusions Black women with uterine carcinosarcoma have worse survival compared to White women despite similar patient and treatment characteristics. This difference is largely due to differences in survival in early stage disease.
Analysis of the 50 most cited papers in craniofacial surgery

The intent of this study is to discuss the most prominent literature in craniofacial surgery. To do so, using the ISI Web of Science, a ranking by average number of citations per year of the top 50 craniofacial surgery articles was compiled. All plastic surgery journals listed in the "Surgery" category in the ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports 2013 Science Edition were considered. Journal of publication, country of origin, collaborating institutions, topic of interest, and level of evidence were analyzed. The total number of citations ranged from 47 to 1017. Average number of citations per year ranged from 46.2 to 8.6. The oldest article in the top 50 was published in 1988 and the most recent in 2009. The majority of the articles came from Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery with 28 of the 50. The majority of the articles, originated from the United States (56%). Reconstruction of acquired defects was the most commonly examined topic at 46.2%; followed by articles discussing reconstruction of congenital defects (23.1%). The most common level of evidence was level 3. This extensive examination of the craniofacial literature highlights the important part that craniofacial surgery takes in the field of plastic surgery.
B-vitamin deficiency is protective against DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Vitamin deficiencies are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Homocysteine (Hcys) is a thrombogenic amino acid produced from methionine (Met), and its increase in patients with IBD indicates a disruption of Met metabolism; however, the role of Hcys and Met metabolism in IBD is not well understood. We hypothesized that disrupted Met metabolism from a B-vitamin-deficient diet would exacerbate experimental colitis. Mice were fed a B6-B12-deficient or control diet for 2 wk and then treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. We monitored disease activity during DSS treatment and collected plasma and tissue for analysis of inflammatory tissue injury and Met metabolites. We also quantified Met cycle activity by measurements of in vivo Met kinetics using [1-13C-methyl-2H3]methionine infusion in similarly treated mice. Unexpectedly, we found that mice given the B-vitamin-deficient diet had improved clinical outcomes, including increased survival, weight maintenance, and reduced disease scores. We also found lower histological disease activity and proinflammatory gene expression (TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase) in the colon in deficient-diet mice. Metabolomic analysis showed evidence that these effects were associated with deficient B6, as markers of B12 function were only mildly altered. In vivo methionine kinetics corroborated these results, showing that the deficient diet suppressed transsulfuration but increased remethylation. Our findings suggest that disrupted Met metabolism attributable to B6 deficiency reduces the inflammatory response and disease activity in DSS-challenged mice. These results warrant further human clinical studies to determine whether B6 deficiency and elevated Hcys in patients with IBD contribute to disease pathobiology.
Wondrous innocence: Print advertising and the origins of permissive child rearing in the US

Early 20th-century American print advertising offered a new model of child rearing grounded in the presumed natural and positive wonderment of childhood that age destroyed and adults found rejuvena...
Epac-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and exocytosis in inner medullary collecting duct

PKA has traditionally been thought as the binding protein of cAMP for mediating arginine vasopressin (AVP)-regulated osmotic water permeability in kidney collecting duct. It is now known that cAMP ...
The Sustainable Personality: Values and Behaviors in Individual Sustainability.

Meaningful societal change begins with individual change. One cannot do for a community what one cannot do for one’s self. The topic of Individual Sustainability is a controversial one, as students often appear to be unable to align their demonstrated behaviors with their admirable values related to sustainability. Individual behavior creates the foundation for action in social, economic, and environmental sustainability, and potentially guides our ability to work with one another to make life-affirming decisions. In short, it is a matter of aligning our day-to-day behaviors with our well-stated values that will result in greater sustainable community action. The general objective of this research is to determine how an interactive website providing multisource feedback on personality motivates students to change their behaviors or values, or to align their behaviors and values. We believe that creating a “cognitive dissonance” between individuals’ values and behaviors tends to encourage them to balance more effectively the self-knowledge that motivates intentional personal development towards more sustainable behavior. Most students indicated changes in their awareness, behaviors, and values following the study, but fewer indicated a greater alignment between their values and behaviors.
Analysis of active pixel sensor readout circuit

This work provides a detailed analysis of active pixel sensor, pixel and column circuit. Surprisingly, we find that shorter readout times can be achieved by reducing the bias current and hence reducing energy consumption. We investigate the effect of nonidealities on the readout operation. We find that when the follower transistor channel-length modulation is taken into consideration, delay is reduced, which implies that shorter length transistors can be used in the pixel. We show that readout time decreases linearly with technology scaling.
Pharmacological Aids to Promote Smoking Cessation

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (Fiore et al., ) clinical guidelines on smoking cessation identified seven medications as first-line drugs which have been shown to promote long-term smoking cessation efforts. These pharmacological agents include five types of nicotine replacement therapies and two specific drugs, Buproprion SR and Varenicline. Key issues that health care professionals should address when caring for individuals who are dependent on tobacco are discussed. Barriers, such as the attitudes and knowledge of the persons who smoke and health care professionals, that impede individuals’ use of medications within their plan of smoking cessation are addressed. Special attention is given to the increase in suicide potential during the process of quitting. The need for nurses and other health care professionals to pursue research to identify the most effective ways of educating themselves to promote smoking cessation with males and females from adolescence through old age, including t...
The Performance of Dimtest When Latent Trait and Item Difficulty Distributions Differ

This monte carlo study examined DIMTEST for unidimensional and two-dimensional data that exhibited ceiling effects. These effects were generated through changes in the location and scale of the θ distribution when the item difficulty (b) distribution was held constant at b ~ N(0,1). Results indicated that the power of DIMTEST was reduced as the location shifted upward and the scale shifted downward. This held only when the AT1 items were selected using principal axis factor analysis. When AT1 items were selected using expert opinion, the procedure was only slightly affected by changes in location and scale. However, it is unclear how successful the use of expert judgment will be in applied settings.
Raman Spectrum of Graphene Coated Nano-Holes

It was assumed in the past that aluminum is not a platform of choice for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments: this was in spite of its large negative permittivity value, larger than gold or silver at optical wavelength. It was also assumed that any oxide on top of metallic platform significantly hinders SERS signals. In addition, graphene has not been studied on perforated substrates. Here we use periodically perforated and oxidized aluminum surfaces to examine electrical and optical properties of multi layered graphene. Linear and nonlinear optical methods were used to characterize single and multi layered structures.
Ethical Principles Influencing Parents of Well Children

The purpose of this descriptive study was to survey the parents of well children to determine the ethical principles that influenced the decisions they made in regard to hypothetical choice of treatment options. Sixty-one parents responded to a mailed survey designed to measure the principles of autonomy, beneficence/nonmaleficence, and justice. The high total mean scores for the principles of autonomy and beneficence/nonmaleficence indicated that all three ethical principles were influential in the decision-making process of parents of well children. A student /-test revealed that the mean score for the principle of autonomy was significantly higher than the mean score for the principles of beneficence/nonmaleficence. Open-ended questions regarding the principle of justice revealed many frustrations of the sample population regarding the health care system. The study identified the need for nurses and other health care providers to be aware of the influence these ethical principles have on decision makin...
Micromechanics for particulate reinforced composites

A set of micromechanics equations for the analysis of particulate reinforced composites is developed using the mechanics of materials approach. Simplified equations are used to compute homogenized or equivalent thermal and mechanical properties of particulate reinforced composites in terms of the properties of the constituent materials. The microstress equations are also presented here to decompose the applied stresses on the overall composite to the microstresses in the constituent materials. The properties of a 'generic' particulate composite as well as those of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite are predicted and compared with other theories as well as some experimental data. The micromechanics predictions are in excellent agreement with the measured values.
High Throughput and High Resolution In-Line Monitoring of PEMFC Materials by Means of Visible Light Diffuse Reflectance Imaging and Computer Vision

In this paper we present results from our recent work in which polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrodes with intentionally introduced known defects were imaged and analyzed using a fuel cell scanner recently developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The defect types considered included particle debris, scuffs, scores, slits, and laser perforated pinholes. The debris defects were analyzed on samples from three different production stages, whereas the other defect types were introduced in a membrane tacked on a catalyst-coated diffusion media. We are showing that the fuel cell scanner can generate good quality, high resolution images of both baseline and defect-containing material. Based on the scanned images, an automatic, computer vision algorithm is developed that identifies presence and location of debris particles. The presented results clearly indicate that the in-line visible-light-diffuse-reflectance-based system can be successfully employed to monitor quality and to detect critical defects in fuel cell electrodes that are transported with high speed in a high volume manufacturing facility.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Effects of Varying Team Sizes on Physical Activity Levels of College Students.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine physical activity levels among various team sizes for basketball and soccer in a C/UIPAP setting. Twenty-eight university physical education majors participated in the study. Participants engaged in three-on-three and five-on-five basketball and five-on-five and 11-on-11 soccer games. All games were 20 min in duration, with one game per class period. Objective measures of physical activity were gathered using ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers, and intensity levels were measured via carotid pulse counts and Borg scale. Results indicated that five-on-five matchups in each sport elicited the highest levels of physical activity. Three-on-three basketball and 11-on-11 soccer games provided the least benefit to participants. Findings indicated that team size is an important component for C/UIPAP instructors to consider when designing course activities to promote physical activity.
Ecological Determinants of Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Size Variation in North Carolina

Size variation of the bean leaf beetle (BLB), Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), was evaluated, using adults from soybean fields in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina. BLBs sampled from the Coastal Plain counties, Currituck and Tyrrell, were largest. Within fields, late-season beetles were larger than beetles from earlier generations. Female BLBs were consistently larger than males in all samples. Multiple-regression techniques indicated that a small but significant amount of beetle size variation could be explained by eight field-related variables: field size, planting date, rainfall, row width, and percent sand, silt, clay, and organic matter in the soil. The magnitude of variation explained and relative importance of the variables differed between the sexes. Eight variables explained only 27 and 45% of variance in female and male size, respectively. The effects of soil moisture, texture, and temperature on adult size (weight) were determined under controlled conditions. In comparisons made among loamy sand, sandy clay loam, and organic soils, adult size was greatest in wet, organic soil and least in dry, loamy sand.
Experimental Evaluation of the Thermal Hydraulics of Helium-Cooled Divertors

Current predictions suggest that the target plate of a divertor, as one of the few solid surfaces directly exposed to the plasma of a magnetic fusion energy reactor, will be subject to steady-state...
Demonstration of a Polymeric Registered Multilevel Mach-Zehnder Intensity Modulator Array

There has been considerable progress made in the demonstration of guided wave devices which use electro-optic polymers as the active layer[1,2,3,4,5,6]. Recently a multilevel polymer waveguide system with an intensity modulator in the top level has been reported [7]. Reported here is a demonstration of a registered multilevel Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator array, including two independent modulator levels vertically aligned . This demonstration establishes the feasibility of using polymer materials to fabricate multilevel active structures not possible in other materials such as LiNbO3.
Energy-efficient self-organization protocols for sensor networks

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN, for short) consists of a large number of very small sensor devices deployed in an area of interest for gathering and delivery information. The fundamental goal of a WSN is to produce, over an extended period of time, global information from local data obtained by individual sensors. The WSN technology will have a significant impact on a wide array of applications on the efficiency of many civilian and military applications including combat field surveillance, intrusion detection, disaster management among many others. The basic management problem in the WSN is to balance the utility of the activity in the network against the cost incurred by the network resources to perform this activity. Since the sensors are battery powered and it is impossible to change or recharge batteries after the sensors are deployed, promoting system longevity becomes one of the most important design goals instead of QoS provisioning and bandwidth efficiency. On the other hand the self-organization ability is essential for the WSN due to the fact that the sensors are randomly deployed and they work unattended. We developed a self-organization protocol, which creates a multi-hop communication infrastructure capable of utilizing the limited resources of sensors in an adaptive and efficient way. The resulting general-purpose infrastructure is robust, easy to maintain and adapts well to various application needs. Important by-products of our infrastructure include: (1) Energy efficiency: in order to save energy and to extend the longevity of the WSN sensors, which are in sleep mode most of the time. (2) Adaptivity: the infrastructure is adaptive to network size, network topology, network density and application requirement. (3) Robustness: the degree to which the infrastructure is robust and resilient. Analytical results and simulation confirmed that our self-organization protocol has a number of desirable properties and compared favorably with the leading protocols in the literature.
Evocatives: Profanity and Other Taboos

Throughout history most languages, I suspect, have contained words regarded as holy, magic, dangerous, or shocking, whose use has been restricted to one degree or another to specific situations or speakers. Michael Swan, for example, records that in some African tribes the names of dead chiefs must not be spoken (1980: 589). In other societies names of deities or words associated with religious beliefs are often confined to ceremonial occasions or to ritual uses by priests. Think of the Tetragrammaton, ‘YHWH’.1 Forbidden to say or write the proper name in full, when reading the Torah Jews use the term Adonai (lord). The use of such words, and often even their mere mention, is considered taboo. Violators proceed at their own risk: they invite the (possibly dire) consequences of breaching these rules.
Generation of Visual Languages for Development of Knowledge-Based Systems

Computer programs that contain the knowledge of human experts and that offer advice on the basis of that knowledge (expert or knowledge-based systems) are assuming increasing importance in commercial and industrial settings. From programs that configure complex electronic instruments to programs that supervise oil drilling to programs that perform risk analysis for insurance underwriters, knowledge-based systems have been created for myriad application tasks. Such systems typically contain large amounts of application-specific expertise encoded as a knowledge base. A generic, application-independent program (an inference engine) uses the knowledge base to generate situation-specific recommendations.
Biking and the Connected City

There is a growing consensus that bikes will play a major role in the future of urban transportation. As of June 2014, public bike-sharing systems existed on five continents, including 712 cities. Despite growing interest in the role of bikes in urban transportation, there is little discussion of how the bike will fit into the Internet of Things and the vision of the “connected city.” The connected city is an urban area where connected technologies are used to enhance transportation performance and reduce costs. This chapter outlines how biking could be integrated into the Internet of things, potential futures for transportation agencies as bike managers in the connected city, and what potential issues need to be addressed.
Misreporting and Compensation Under Incomplete Commitment

This paper explores how imperfect commitment can cause managers to under-report the firm's value, creating an important role for short-term compensation. Where contracts are renegotiable and the manager expects to receive incentive pay in the future, managers gain by under-reporting value, which boosts subsequent pay: the apparent value of incentive compensation is diminished, requiring more overall pay to meet the manager's outside option. Short-term compensation, however, can lead to over-reporting of value. Optimal outcomes can be obtained through limited contractual commitment, such as term employment, non-competes, or non-vesting pay, in combination with short-term compensation. An extension shows that the under-reporting dynamic persists even when reporting includes managerial quality and the manager may face termination for a low report.
El bolero: símbolo de la seducción y resemantización de la identidad sexual masculina en Sirena Selene vestida de pena de Mayra Santos Febres

La primera novela de la autora puertorriquena Mayra Santos Febres (1966) titulada Sirena Selena vestida de pena (2000) puede considerarse como una novela bolero de acuerdo con los criterios planteados por Vicente Francisco Torres. En este ensayo se estudia la novela en dos niveles. El primero consiste en analizar la seduccion que ejerce la musica, particularmente el bolero como simbolo, via el personaje del transformista/travesti Sirena; sin embargo, se presta mayor atencion a la voz y a la transformacion de Sirena que al bolero mismo. El segundo nivel se ocupa de la resemantizacion (en el sentido de deconstruccion, de reconfiguracion y/o de reafirmacion) de la identidad sexual masculina considerando como base teorica principal el concepto “queer” del critico William Foster.
Native Advertising: The Black Sheep of the Marketing Family

Driven in part by pressures caused by lower advertising revenue and declining circulation, recent years have seen “native advertising” become part of a new revenue model for print media and become ...
Alcohol and Nationhood in Nineteenth-Century Mexico. By Deborah Toner. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. Pp. xxxii, 344. $70.00.) : Book Review

This fascinating study of alcohol and nation building casts new and detailed light on the struggle for modernity in Mexico. The book draws masterfully on popular literature and archival documents t...
Suicide among Asian Americans: A Critical Review with Research Recommendations

The apparent suicide of Iris Chang, a highly gifted author and historian, was a severe shock to the Asian American community. It poignantly illustrates the tragic losses of suicide to families, friends, the community, and society at large. This chapter offers a critical review of the literature toidentify key factors underlying antecedents, correlates, and consequences of suicide among Asian Americans.
Stöchiometrie – das Zahlengerüst der Chemie

Die Stochiometrie (stocheion, gr. fur Grundstoff und metron, gr. fur Mass) ist das mathematische Grundgerust der Chemie zur Berechnung quantitativer Beziehungen basierend auf chemischen Reaktionsgleichungen. Sie befasst sich mit der mengenmasigen Zusammensetzung chemischer Verbindungen und den Stoffmengenverhaltnissen von Ausgangstoffen (Edukten) und Produkten chemischer Reaktionen. Rohstoffe im stochiometrischen Verhaltnis einzusetzen bedeutet, sie gemas der zugrunde liegenden chemischen Reaktionsgleichung im exakt richtigen Stoffmengenverhaltnis zur Reaktion bringen.
Effect of Solvent Type on the Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Aliphatic Cholesteryl Esters

The effects of purity on the phase transitions in cholesteryl esters have been observed by several workers (1, 2, 3). In addition, recent calorimetric studies have indicated that cholesteryl esters have more than one stable room temperature solid form (3). Barrall, Porter and Johnson found that for certain esters the transition temperature of the solid→mesophase conversion was very sensitive to the way in which the solid phase had been formed, from ethanolic solution or from the melt (3). Indeed, the propionate ester exhibited two overlapping endotherms for the solid→mesophase transition when the solid had been formed from the melt. The same solid formed from ethanolic solution exhibited only one endotherm. These and other reported effects indicate that the esters of cholesterol have an extensive solid-phase polymorphism.
Mathematics throughout the CS curriculum

Computer Science faculty generally agree that our students should study mathematics. But there are three major challenges to address in order to effectively incorporate mathematics into the CS curriculum. Those challenges can be framed in the form of three questions: What math should students study? How and in what courses should we teach it? How do we empower students to apply the math they have learned to material in all of their CS courses. Here we introduce a concept inventory that identifies the mathematical ideas that CS students need, along with suggestions of how we can incorporate the material into various classes in such a way as to empower our students to apply mathematical reasoning throughout their curriculum.
Making the invisible visible in nonprofit courses: A case study of African American-led nonprofits

ABSTRACTExamining minority-led nonprofit organizations provides an opportunity to promote cultural competency education within nonprofit specializations. This case study, which focuses on three Afr...
Obesity modifies the stoichiometry of mitochondrial proteins in a way that is distinct to the subcellular localization of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function appear to be altered in obesity. Mitochondria in muscle are found in well-defined regions within cells, and they are arranged in a way that form distinct subpopulations of subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria. We sought to investigate differences in the proteomes of SS and IMF mitochondria between lean subjects and subjects with obesity. Methods We performed comparative proteomic analyses on SS and IMF mitochondria isolated from muscle samples obtained from lean subjects and subjects with obesity. Mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation, and proteins were subjected to label-free quantitative tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Collected data were evaluated for abundance of mitochondrial proteins using spectral counting. The Reactome pathway database was used to determine metabolic pathways that are altered in obesity. Results Among proteins, 73 and 41 proteins showed different (mostly lower) expression in subjects with obesity in the SS and IMF mitochondria, respectively (false discovery rate-adjusted P ≤ 0.05). We specifically found an increase in proteins forming the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) complex II, but a decrease in proteins forming protein complexes I and III of the ETC and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase in subjects with obesity in the IMF, but not SS, mitochondria. Obesity was associated with differential effects on metabolic pathways linked to protein translation in the SS mitochondria and ATP formation in the IMF mitochondria. Conclusions Obesity alters the expression of mitochondrial proteins regulating key metabolic processes in skeletal muscle, and these effects are distinct to mitochondrial subpopulations located in different regions of the muscle fibers. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01824173 ).
Inferior pseudo-hinge fulcrum technique and intraoperative complications of laser in situ keratomileusis retreatment after small-incision lenticule extraction.

Purpose To describe the evolution of a flap-lift technique for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatment after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and report the incidence of complications. Setting London Vision Clinic, London, United Kingdom. Design Retrospective case series. Methods All retreatments between September 2013 and January 2017 were included. A bimanual inferior pseudo-hinge fulcrum flap-lift technique was developed to minimize the chance of tearing or entering the small incision. A flap lifter and a McPherson forceps were inserted into the inferior one third of the flap, slightly angled up to avoid perforating the small-incision lenticule extraction interface. One instrument provided countertraction, and the second separated the interface superiorly, keeping the tip away from the incision. One instrument was held against the hinge for the second instrument to separate the inferior one third. The incidence of intraoperative complications was analyzed. Results The study evaluated 162 retreatments (4.12%) for 3933 small-incision lenticule extraction treatments (1-year maturity). The retreatment was LASIK (n = 135), side-cut only (n = 1), cap-to-flap procedure (CIRCLE) (n = 3), or photorefractive keratectomy (n = 23). Two eyes (1.4%) had a tear to the small incision. The small-incision lenticule extraction interface was accessed in 8 eyes (5.8%), 1 (0.7%) centrally, and the interface was lifted in 1 eye (0.7%). There were no complications in the last 84 consecutive procedures (60%) using the finalized technique. Conclusion The bimanual inferior pseudo-hinge fulcrum decreased the risk for accessing the small-incision lenticule extraction interface or tearing the small incision.
Patterns of Telehealth Use Among Rural Medicaid Beneficiaries

Purpose Few studies have examined telehealth use among rural Medicaid beneficiaries. This study produced a descriptive overview of telehealth use in 2011, including the prevalence of telehealth use among rural and urban Medicaid beneficiaries, characteristics of telehealth users, types of telehealth services provided, and diagnoses associated with telehealth use. Methods Using data from the 2011 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX), we conducted bivariate analyses to test the associations between rurality and prevalence and patterns of telehealth use among Medicaid beneficiaries. Findings Rural Medicaid beneficiaries were more likely to use telehealth services than their urban counterparts, but absolute rates of telehealth use were low-0.26% of rural nondual Medicaid beneficiaries used telehealth in 2011. Psychotropic medication management was the most prevalent use of telehealth for both rural and urban Medicaid beneficiaries, but the proportion of users who accessed nonbehavioral health services through telehealth was significantly greater as rurality increased. Regardless of telehealth users' residence, mood disorders were the most common reason for obtaining telehealth services. As rurality increased, significantly higher proportions of telehealth users received services to address attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral health problems usually diagnosed in childhood. Conclusions These findings provide a baseline for further policy-relevant investigations including examinations of changes in telehealth use rates in Medicaid since 2011. Reimbursement policies and unique rural service needs may account for the observed differences in rural-urban Medicaid telehealth use rates.
Bei Präzisionswägungen zu beachtende Vorsichtsmaßregeln

Zur Erreichung hochster Prazision in der Bestimmung von Gewichtsanderungen mit einer gegebenen Waage beachte man die folgenden Punkte: 1. Das Gewicht des Objektes wird mit geeigneten Taren und Gewichten beinahe ausgeglichen und der verbleibende Gewichtsunterschied durch Neigungswagung bestimmt. 2. Gaussche Doppelwagung halbiert die mittlere Schwankung der fur die Nullanzeige korrigierten Proportionalwagung. 3. Geeichte Gewichte werden in zweckmasig beschrankter Anzahl verwendet und ihre Korrekturen zum wahren Gewicht angewendet. Ihre Korrekturen zum wahren Gewicht werden durch ein geeignetes Eichverfahren bestimmt. 4. Taren werden so gewahlt, das ihr Volumen dem des Objektes nahezu gleich ist. 5. Die Waage wird mit einem Reiter versehen, dessen Gewicht das Tausendfache der mittleren. Schwankung der Instrumentanzeige nicht ubertrifft. 6. Die Neigungswagung wird am besten so ausgefuhrt, das man den Ausschlag des Zeigers aus den Umkehrpunkten des schwingenden Zeigers berechnet. Dabei benutzt man jene Reiterstellung, die eine Instrumentanzeige gibt, die sechs Zehntel des von einem Teilstrich des Reiterlineals angezeigten Gewichtes nicht uberschreitet.
On minimum detectable velocity

In comparing system performance for ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar systems, various metrics are used. It is highly desirable that the metric be simple and powerful. Ideally it is a single number, or a plot. It is often the case that a single number is not sufficient to describe the radar performance under all operational conditions. In spite of this, it is still common to attempt to use a simple metric, such as the minimum detectable velocity (MDV). This paper discusses the concept of minimum detectable velocity with the goal of showing what this metric attempts to communicate, and what may not be properly communicated by this metric without careful attention. Basic parameters that affect the minimum detectable velocity are presented.
E-008 Microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms after prior endovascular therapy: single center series and systematic review

Background Since its introduction in the early 90 s, endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms has had a steady upward trend and is the primary mode of treatment for most currently diagnosed cerebral aneurysms. Concurrently, the need for retreatment of cerebral aneurysms after prior endovascular treatment has also continued to grow, some of which can only be treated with microsurgical techniques. The factors that dictate outcomes in this group of patients are still not completely understood. Objective To study factors contributing to patient outcomes after microsurgical treatment of aneurysms with prior endovascular treatment. Methods Records were retrospectively reviewed for aneurysms treated after prior endovascular treatment. Demographics, treatment details and imaging were reviewed for all patients. A systematic review for these aneurysms was also conducted. Results A total of 86 aneurysms were identified from the retrospective review. Mean age at the time of initial treatment was 50±12.42 years. Most patients initially presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage prior to initial endovascular treatment, with only 10 (13.70%) patients presenting with incidentally discovered lesions. mRS at discharge after initial treatment was good (0–3) in 81.4% of cases. Functional outcomes at the last known follow-up revealed a mRS of 0–3 in 71 (83.5%) patients. Only the maximum diameter of aneurysm was found to be a significant predictor of surgical complications (Wald χ2=5.72, p=0.0168) with an odds ratio of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.93) for a 5 mm increase in maximum diameter. Systematic review identified 37 studies that were used to pool data on 370 total patients. Although type of surgery was identified as a predictor of poor outcomes this was significantly confounded by Hunt and Hess grade in the systematic review. Conclusion Favorable outcomes can be obtained even for highly complex cerebral aneurysms that have failed endovascular treatment at high volume cerebrovascular centers. Initial presentation grade and aneurysm size are important predictors of final patient outcomes. Disclosures A. Roy: None. L. Phillips: None. B. Howard: None. D. Barrow: None. J. Grossberg: 1; C; GRA. 4; C; NTI.
Teaching NeuroImages: The tetraplegic gardener: A case of CNS nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient

A 36-year-old immunocompetent male gardener with chronic skin lesions (figure 1) presented with a 6-month history of progressive spastic tetraplegia. Cervical imaging showed soft tissue lesions at the C2-to-T4 level with extension to the epidural/subdural compartments along with longitudinal intramedullary hyperintensities (figure 2). Skin biopsy revealed Nocardia brasiliensis .
Classification of Stars using Stellar Spectra collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

The classification of stellar spectra is a fundamental task in stellar astrophysics. There have been many explorations into the automated classification of stellar spectra but few that involve the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We use the SDSS dataset since it is the most important stellar spectra database available today. In our approach, we apply redshift corrections to the spectra and reduce the number of flux measurements by feature selection. Then we apply standard classifier methods: Random Forest and Support Vector Machine. We compare the accuracy of feature selection and classifier combinations for redshifted stellar spectra and rest stellar spectra. Even though redshifted stellar spectra create feature matrix discrepancies, classifiers utilizing redshifted stellar spectra perform with high accuracy. This creates a viable option for automated classification of stellar spectra without having to identify the redshift value.
Improving Brightness Temperature Measurements Near Coastal Areas for SMAP

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is designed to acquire L -band radiometer measurements for the estimation of soil moisture with 0.04 m3/m3 volumetric accuracy in the top 5 cm for vegetation with water content of less than 5 kg/m2. In regions near the coast or near inland bodies of water, the signal measured by the SMAP radiometer contains emissions from land and water, resulting in errors in the soil moisture estimation. In this article, the effort to extract the brightness temperature (TB) according to the land fraction or water fraction (depending on the center of the footprint location) from the affected SMAP measurements was addressed. A single pixel correction algorithm was applied and its performance was evaluated over simulated data. A data-driven approach for the estimation of land and water TB for data correction was developed. The correction algorithm was then applied to real data and its performance was assessed over the SMAP soil moisture retrievals. We showed that the single pixel algorithm is an effective and computationally efficient algorithm for removing land or water TB contamination from the SMAP data.
Rapid applications development in Python

This paper was an experiment to see if Python is a suitable language for the rapid development of an application. Developing a prototype is essential to rapid development, and Python has a reputation for being a prototyping language, making it an ideal language for the experiment. The application chosen for development was that of a simple calculator using only integers and basic arithmetic operations. The difficulties encountered in developing the Python program for this application are outlined in this paper.
PRIVATE EQUITY RETURNS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EXIT OF VENTURE-BACKED COMPANIES

Inthispaper, weexamine52322financingroundsin23208uniquefirms, overtheperiod 1980 through 2000 by venture and buyout funds and estimate the probability of exit, time toexit, exitmultiples, andtheexpectedgainsfromprivateequityinvestments.Theexpected multiple (after accounting for dilution and the probability of exit) ranges from a low of 1.12 for late-stage firms to a high of 5.12 for firms financed in their early stages. We find that the gains from venture-backed investments depend upon the industry, the stage of the firm being financed, the valuation at the time of financing, and the prevailing market sentiment. Our study is a first step in understanding the risk premium required for the valuation of private equity investments.
Effect of Methylene Blue on a Porcine Model of Amlodipine Toxicity

Calcium channel blocker (CCB) overdoses cause significant morbidity and mortality. Dihydropyridine CCBs cause peripheral vascular dilation and at high doses cardiac dysfunction. Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine, causes peripheral vasodilation from release of nitric oxide (NO) in addition to calcium channel blockade; NO scavenging is a potential treatment. Methylene blue (MB) inhibits NO directly and inhibits NO production. We compared the effects of MB versus norepinephrine (NE), with time to death as the primary outcome, in a porcine amlodipine toxicity model. Animals were anesthetized and instrumented, and an amlodipine infusion was administered to mimic oral overdose. After 70 minutes, each group was resuscitated with normal saline. Animals in each group were then randomized to receive either MB or NE. Hemodynamic parameters, including mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, were recorded every 10 minutes. The primary outcome was survival time (Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test). Interim analysis after 15 animals (7 MB, 8 NE) revealed that MB was clearly not superior to NE. Overall, 1 of 7 animals in the MB group survived to 300 minutes compared with 2 of 8 animals in the NE group. The median survival time was 100 minutes for the MB group and 177 minutes for the NE group. Survival time did not differ by group (log-rank test p = 0.29). In this porcine model of amlodipine toxicity, methylene blue did not improve survival time compared with norepinephrine. Whether methylene blue is beneficial in combatting distributive shock in amlodipine toxicity remains unclear and requires further study.