cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated geophysical approach to the detection of buried objects and clandestine tunnels

A planned and integrated geophysical approach, using all available data, has proven effective in detecting shallow tunnels and buried objects in different geological environments. Elements of the integrated approach included information from intelligence, historical reviews, computer modelling, and multiple geophysical survey methods. The use of the integrated approach resulted in a higher rate of success in detecting tunnels and small objects at shallow depths; however, no single survey technique has been universally effective. Several different survey methods were used to determine specific characteristics of a potential target. Magnetic sensors detected ferromagnetic materials used in tunnel construction. Analyses of the magnetic anomaly characteristics and the surface patterns of the anomalies indicated the depth and path of the tunnel. Tunnels were also detected by intrinsic parameters of observed electromagnetic anomalies and the surface patterns of instrument responses. Both methods have successfully differentiated materials used in tunnel construction and operational support systems from surface features such as utility or sewer lines. Cross-borehole radar was used to confirm the existence of a deep tunnel through crystalline rock in the southern part of the Demilitarized Zone in the Republic of Korea. Additional indications of tunnels were obtained from analyses of migrated seismic compression waves (P-waves) collected by a vertical stack, common- midpoint method. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic and EM sensors were effective in detecting shallow-depth caches constructed of various materials.
Index-doubling in sequences by Aitken extrapolation

Aitken extrapolation, applied to certain sequences, yields the even-numbered subsequence of the original. We prove that this is true for sequences generated by iterating a linear fractional transformation, and for some sequences of convergents of the regular continued fractions of certain quadratic irrational numbers.
Repulsive Interaction Potentials between Rare-Gas Atoms. Homonuclear Two-Center Systems

Using a previously derived theoretical expression based on the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac statistical model of the atom, the repulsive interaction energies $U(R)$ between a homonuclear pair of neutral rare-gas atoms have been calculated at internuclear distances $R$ ranging from $0.01{a}_{0}$ to $8.0{a}_{0}$. (${a}_{0}=0.529$ \AA{}.) The present calculations show that agreement with experiment is both closer as well as more extensive than was previously estimated. Specifically, for the He-He interaction, $U(R)$ nearly coincides with other theoretical and experimental results up to $R\ensuremath{\sim}5{a}_{0}$, excepting Amdur's measurements at $R\ensuremath{\lesssim}2{a}_{0}$. Similar and progressively closer accord with experiment is obtained for the Ne-Ne and Ar-Ar interactions. For Kr-Kr and Xe-Xe, agreement is reasonable up to separations of $\ensuremath{\sim}6{a}_{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}7{a}_{0}$, respectively. Curves for the Rn-Rn interaction have also been obtained. Comparison of the experimental data with Bohr's screened Coulomb potential, and with a potential proposed by Firsov, shows that for $R\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1{a}_{0}$, the former decreases far too rapidly with increasing $R$, while for $R\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3{a}_{0}$, the latter falls off much too slowly. For extrapolations towards small $R$, the (12-6) potential is found to rise rapidly to values exceeding the experimental ones by several 100%, whereas the (exp-6) potential or its repulsive part consistently remains within an order of magnitude of the empirical values and often considerably closer. Whether this latter behavior is fortuitous or not is not determined.
Electronic Phase Transitions in f-electron Metals at High Pressures: Synchrotron X-ray Spectroscopic Studies on Gd to 100 GPa

Unusual phase transitions driven by electron correlation effects occur in many f-electron metals (lanthanides and actinides alike) from localized phases to itinerant phases at high pressures. The dramatic changes in atomic volumes and crystal structures associated with some of these transitions signify equally important changes in the underlying electronic structure of these correlated f-electron metals. Yet, the relationships among the crystal structure, electronic correlation and electronic structure in f-electron metals have not been well understood. In this study, utilizing recent advances in third-generation synchrotron x-ray spectroscopies and high-pressure diamond-anvil cell technologies, we describe the pressure-induced spectral changes across the volume collapse transition in Gd at 60 GPa and well above. The spectral results suggest that the f-electrons of high-pressure Gd phases are highly correlated even at 100 GPa – consistent with the Kondo volume collapse model and the recent experimental evidence of strong electron correlation of α-Ce.
Insensible weight loss in children under one year of age.

. A selected group of 12 breast-fed infants were studied for insensible weight loss over the first year of life. The method used to determine the insensible weight loss was non-invasive and based on a computerized weighing system. Findings indicate that the insensible weight loss in a one-year-old child reaches 36 % of the average insensible weight loss reached in adulthood (360 g/day). Furthermore, the insensible weight loss (g/h/kg) was constant at about 1.9 g per kilogram per hour over the first year of life. Insensible weight loss contains two components, insensible water loss (92 %) and metabolic losses (8 %).
An electrochemical study of solvent-complex interactions in trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetatochromate(III) and 1,2-diaminoethane-n-hydroxyethyl-N,N',N'-triacetatochromium(III)

Abstract The electroreduction of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetatochromate(III) and 1,2-diaminoethane-N-hydroxyethyl-N,N',N'-triacetatochromium(III) has been investigated in different solvents on a mercury electrode by convolution potential sweep voltammetry. The dependence of the observed diffusion coefficients, standard potentials and double layer corrected electron transfer rates on solvent properties has been interpreted. It has been shown that the formal potentials for the reduction of both complexes are linear functions of the solvent acceptor numbers. The logarithm of the corrected standard rate constant for the trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetato complex depends on both the acceptor number and the logarithm of the solvent's longitudinal relaxation time. On the other hand in case of the 1,2-diaminoethane-N-hydroxyethyl-N,N',N'-triacetato complex, this quantity depends on the solvent's acceptor and donor number. It is concluded that the 1,2-diaminoethane-N-hydroxyethyl-N,N',N'-triacetatochromium(III) complex undergoes substitution of the coordinated water molecule originally present as a ligand. However, for the trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetato chromium(III) complex there is no indication of the incorporation of solvent molecules in the first coordination sphere as a ligand.
Seasonal variations in salt-march macroalgae photosynthesis. II. Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva lactuca

Photosynthesis in whole plants of the salt-marsh algae Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva lactuca was evaluated by 14C-uptake under a variety of light intensities at approximately mately monthly intervals during a 15-month study. Photosynthetic capacity in both species was closely related to seasonal irradiation patterns and changes in field biomass. Maximum photosynthesis occurred in the spring and summer months. Photosynthesis on a dry weight basis was higher in U. lactuca, while photosynthesis on a chlorophyll a basis was equal in both species. Photosynthetic capacity was inversely related to pigment content. Maximum chlorophyll a concentrations occurred during the winter. Frond profile studies in F. vesiculosus indicated that apices always exhibited greatest photosynthetic capacity. Uptake of 14C into ethanol-soluble and insoluble fractions was different in each species. F. vesiculosus showed greater activity in the ethanol-soluble fraction while U. lactuca exhibited greater activity in ethanol-insoluble fractions.
Urban Scaling and Its Deviations: Revealing the Structure of Wealth, Innovation and Crime across Cities

With urban population increasing dramatically worldwide, cities are playing an increasingly critical role in human societies and the sustainability of the planet. An obstacle to effective policy is the lack of meaningful urban metrics based on a quantitative understanding of cities. Typically, linear per capita indicators are used to characterize and rank cities. However, these implicitly ignore the fundamental role of nonlinear agglomeration integral to the life history of cities. As such, per capita indicators conflate general nonlinear effects, common to all cities, with local dynamics, specific to each city, failing to provide direct measures of the impact of local events and policy. Agglomeration nonlinearities are explicitly manifested by the superlinear power law scaling of most urban socioeconomic indicators with population size, all with similar exponents (*1.15). As a result larger cities are disproportionally the centers of innovation, wealth and crime, all to approximately the same degree. We use these general urban laws to develop new urban metrics that disentangle dynamics at different scales and provide true measures of local urban performance. New rankings of cities and a novel and simpler perspective on urban systems emerge. We find that local urban dynamics display long-term memory, so cities under or outperforming their size expectation maintain such (dis)advantage for decades. Spatiotemporal correlation analyses reveal a novel functional taxonomy of U.S. metropolitan areas that is generally not organized geographically but based instead on common local economic models, innovation strategies and patterns of crime.
Composition of mucus released by coral reef coelenterates1

Mucus from selected Red Sea coelentcrates was analyzed for protein, polysaccharide, lipid, monosaccharides, and amino acids. While the proportions of the macromolecular fractions of the different mucins varied widely, the individual makeup of the component proteins and polysaccharides was more uniform. The appearance and transformation of liquid mucus into mucus floc or web material was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observations on the mucus web-forming coral Porites astreoides from Barbados suggested that sediment capture is at least partly responsible for the apparent denaturation of secreted mucus and the transformation of liquid mucus into particulate detritus.
Changing Trends in Laboratory Testing in the United States: A Personal, Historical Perspective

This article reflects on my nearly 40 years providing clinical and laboratory genetic services. It reviews the evolution of laboratory and genetic testing from their grant-supported academic research to current complexities. Changes in the economic and academic landscape parallel technological innovations in laboratory testing. My career trajectory parallels the newer trend of genetic testing. I began in academics, working as a student and postdoctoral fellow in academic laboratories that also provided clinical testing services. Next came time in a small molecular laboratory performing diagnosis and testing services. My current position is with a national commercial laboratory company.
Do greens drive Hummers or hybrids? Environmental ideology as a determinant of consumer choice

This paper uses several California data sets to test for differences in consumption patterns between greens and browns. A person’s ‘‘environmentalism’’ is rarely observed in consumer data sets. In California, a community’s share of Green Party registered voters is a viable proxy for community environmentalism. Environmentalists are more likely to commute by public transit, purchase hybrid vehicles, and consume less gasoline than non-environmentalists.
Elaeophorosis in red deer caused by Elaeophora elaphi: lesions of natural disease

This is the first study of the lesions produced by Elaeophora elaphi, a filarial worm first reported in 1986. Only the morphologic characteristics of this species have been described previously. Samples for the study were taken from 74 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 1-10 years old, slaughtered in central Spain. Grossly, filariae were observed in the transverse, left, or right branches of the portal vein of 18 animals. In addition to filariae, whitish thrombi were found in the right and left branches of the portal vein in nine animals. Thrombi of similar characteristics were also observed in 12 deer in which no adult filariae were found. Microscopic changes were observed only in the right and left branches of the portal vein and consisted of thickening of the intima with surface formation of villi. Stroma of villi contained a moderate to intense infiltrate composed mainly of eosinophils and mononuclear cells. The tunica media of affected vessels was uniformly hypertrophic and in some cases presented a moderate inflammatory infiltrate similar to that observed in the stroma of villi. Thrombi consisted of a central area containing calcified filariae or cuticle debris, surrounded by giant cells and numerous lymphoid cells forming clearly defined nodules resembling lymphoid follicles. Thrombi were externally sur- rounded by a strip of connective tissue and beyond by endothelial cells that were occasionally continuous with the tunica intima. Other lesions probably associated with the infestation were multifocal granulomas in the periportal areas, lymphoid tissue formations in the hepatic parenchyma, and an interstitial nephritis.
From Commodity to Value: A Privacy-Preserving e-Business Architecture

Privacy has been recognized as a very important issue in electronic commerce. However, many privacy techniques were not adopted and many online anonymity services failed. In this paper we propose treating privacy as a "value" that is to be added to other services to avoid the adoption pitfall. We present an architecture that anonymizes online transactions and makes them unlinkable to any customer or to each other. Our scheme guarantees fair payment to the vendor and provides efficient fraud detection and tracing mechanisms. With minimal change to existing delivery services, it can also protect transactions that require delivery of physical items. Moreover, our system could give the vendor accurate aggregate information about customers? usage pattern, which can be very valuable for its business operation. Our scheme utilizes existing financial infrastructure thus has very low adoption cost.
High-Performance Multilayer Capacitor Dielectrics from Chemically Prepared Powders

Advantages of chemically prepared powders for electronic ceramics have been demonstrated for a number of multilayer capacitor (MLC) dielectrics. A cost-efficient precipitation process was developed to produce undoped or doped crystalline barium titanate powder with a narrow particle size distribution close to 0.5 μm. More complex compositions, e.g., barium-neodymium titanate, were amorphous as precipitated but could be crystallized by calcination below 1000°C. Additional compositional modifications, to adjust electrical properties or to lower sintering temperature, were accomplished by doping the surface of the powder particles using a solution coating process. Exceptional fired densities and electrical performance were obtained.
Characteristics of Patients With the "Malignant Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome" Admitted to an ICU

Background:The incidence of obesity in westernized nations is increasing at an alarming rate. We have noted an increasing number of patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) with hypercapn...
An Empirical Analysis of Louisiana Small Farmers’ Involvement in the Conservation Reserve Program

The study examines Louisiana small fanners’ reasons for not participating in the Conservation Reserve Program {CRP), their awareness of the program. and their willingness to participate in the program. The results suggest that: farmers do not participate in the CRP if revenues from cropland are an important source of income, or if they are tenants; awareness is significantly related to education, income, race, and average return per acre; willingness is positively influenced by payment per acre, age, and farm status. Participation depends on whether payments per acre are comparable to the opportunity costs of removing cropland from production.
The compensation for movement-produced changes of object orientation*

When one moves forward, one views objects to the side of one’s path successively from different directions. In the mover’s visual field, such objects change their orientation; relative to him they undergo a partial rotation. Although this rotation is given in several ways, it is hardly ever perceived. This is due to a compensating process that takes O’s change in position relative to the object into account. We demonstrated the existence of this compensating process and measured the accuracy with which it operates by means of a device that made an object turn in response to O’s position change so that the normal rotation of a stationary object relative to the moving O could be augmented or diminished to various degrees.
Analysis of field through apertures by applying transmission line matrix method to electromagnetic topology simulations

Results from finite difference time domain simulation were compared with electromagnetic topology based simulation technique using transmission line matrix method for field penetration through the sub-wavelength apertures. Simulations show that electromagnetic topology technique can be applied for the analysis of electromagnetic fields penetration through apertures. Analysis also shows that the aperture size affects the temporal characteristics and frequency spectral components of the incident pulse. In addition, electromagnetic topology method results a reduction in the calculation grid by this technique results in enhanced simulation speed and less memory utilization.
ENVIRONMENTALLY CORRELATED VARIATION IN 2C NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT MEASUREMENTS IN HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.

Abstract From observations of inbred lines ofHelianthus annuusgrown under controlled environmental conditions, we hypothesized that sunflower plants regulate DNA content in response to light quality and quantity. This hypothesis was tested under field conditions by measuring DNA content (propidium iodide fluorescence) of embryo and leaf nuclei from plants of a natural population ofHelianthus annuusL. The population was divided into three sites. Site A was barren, consisting of widely dispersed plants, which were exposed to direct sunlight. The mean DNA content of leaves sampled from plants at this site was 6.56±0.06 pg. Plants at site B received various proportions of direct sunlight and irradiance reflected from neighbouring vegetation. The mean DNA content of leaves of young plants at this site was 6.21±0.07 pg. Leaves of plants from this site sampled at the time of flower bud formation had even lower mean nuclear DNA content (5.29±0.11 pg). Embryos excised from achenes of these plants possessed a high mean DNA content (7.51±0.06 pg). Plants growing in shade under a canopy of trees (Site C) had a relatively high mean DNA content (6.99±0.12 pg). The current results are compatible with the hypothesis that far-red-induced reduction of DNA content in sunflower nuclei represents an adaptation for shade-avoidance in competition with neighbouring plants. A model is presented in which the sunflower plant self-regulates its DNA content in response to environmental stimuli, thereby obtaining a more optimal DNA content for the environment in which it resides. An alternative hypothesis is that the variation in DNA content may be, at least in part, due to the differential accumulation in leaves of one or more secondary products which interfer with the intercalation and/or fluorescence of propidium iodide.
Predictability and accuracy in adaptive user interfaces

While proponents of adaptive user interfaces tout potential performance gains, critics argue that adaptation's unpredictability may disorient users, causing more harm than good. We present a study that examines the relative effects of predictability and accuracy on the usability of adaptive UIs. Our results show that increasing predictability and accuracy led to strongly improved satisfaction. Increasing accuracy also resulted in improved performance and higher utilization of the adaptive interface. Contrary to our expectations, improvement in accuracy had a stronger effect on performance, utilization and some satisfaction ratings than the improvement in predictability.
Measurement and variation of site-specific hardpans for silty upland soils in the Southeastern United States

Soil compaction in the form of a hardpan layer restricts root growth and reduces crop yield throughout the Southeastern United States. However, the depth of this compacted soil layer varies significantly over landscapes. A sampling procedure was developed and evaluated to determine the depth of the hardpan layer in upland soils of Grenada silt loam soil type in this region. Cone index profiles taken with a multiple-probe soil cone penetrometer in three fields were used to measure the hardpan depth and to predict their spatial variation. Continuous treatments of these fields for several years included conventional tillage, no-tillage, segregated traffic, and random traffic. Conventional tillage systems were found to bring the hardpan significantly closer to the soil surface as compared to no-till systems; in trafficked row middles by 0.144 m, directly beneath the rows by 0.165 m, and in no-trafficked row middles by 0.094 m. Little difference in depth of hardpan was found between a no-till field subjected to random traffic and a field where traffic was segregated. However, the effect of this random traffic was found to dramatically reduce the predicted range (which is a geo-statistical measure of field variability) from 43.2 m for the no-till field in the trafficked row middle as compared to 12.4 m for the randomly trafficked no-till field. This may indicate that the depth of the hardpan layer in these soils is brought uniformly closer to the soil surface by the effect of traffic, especially when annual tillage is not practiced which could alter this hardpan depth. This information about the variation of the hardpan layer will greatly assist researchers who are interested in developing site-specific tillage technologies to remedy this soil compaction condition.
The Opinion-Policy Nexus in France: Do Institutions and Ideology Make a Difference?

This article offers a previously unutilized perspective--the opinion-policy relationship--to analyze empirically two issues at the heart of postwar French politics: the significance of institutional differences between Fourth and Fifth Republics and the importance of ideological changes from non-Socialist to recent Socialist party rule. This study quantifies the relationship between mass public opinion and public policy in over 250 cases in France from 1946 to 1984. It compares and analyzes consistency levels between majority preferences and government policy in five areas: (1) Fourth versus Fifth Republic periods; (2) Socialist versus non-Socialist rule; (3) landslide versus slim majority cases; (4) redistributive versus non-redistributive issues; (5) domestic versus foreign policy issues.
Women's Representation on High Courts in Advanced Industrialized Countries

Recent scholarship increasingly considers the representation of women in cross-national legislatures, often examining how the characteristics of the countries in a particular region affect the representation of women in these elected bodies. No studies have examined the representation of women on the high courts in a cross-national context. We attempt to fill this void by collecting an original data set of women’s participation on high courts in the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2006 to 2007. Using this data, we examine how institutional choices of judicial selection and structural factors within the country affect women’s representation. We find that the variation in women’s participation on these courts, from 0% on some to 60% on others, is affected by the prestige of the court, the method of selection, and the tradition of and importance placed upon women’s participation within the country. Our results suggest that choices made during the design of high courts can influence the representative nature of the institution.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy: Chemical Imaging for Biology and Medicine

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label-free imaging technique that is capable of real-time, nonperturbative examination of living cells and organisms based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Recent advances in detection schemes, understanding of contrast mechanisms, and developments of laser sources have enabled superb sensitivity and high time resolution. Emerging applications, such as metabolite and drug imaging and tumor identification, raise many exciting new possibilities for biology and medicine.
Terahertz spectroscopy of ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic iron

We use ultrafast terahertz transmission and emission spectroscopy to study ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic iron. We show that demagnetization proceeds with a 1.7 ps/spl plusmn/0.3 ps lifetime in ferromagnetic films at room temperature.
Building a better unit cell: application to the Ag(111)/GaAs(110) system

First-principles computational techniques are often employed in studies of heterogeneous material interfaces. In many cases the interface to be studied is not coherent or is only coherent over a small length scale and approximations to the unit cell are necessary to carry out the calculations. Instead of using large, computationally intractable unit cells, artificial strain is frequently induced into one or both of the materials making up the interface. This paper presents calculated adhesion energies for a variety of unit cells all chosen to model the Ag(111)/GaAs(110) interface. The results show that the calculated adhesion energy of a single monolayer of Ag is more dependent on the type of artificial strain introduced into the system than it is on the absolute magnitude of strain, and that the surface density of Ag within the monolayer is a crucial factor. The optimized surface structures are also analysed.
PI3K signaling and miRNA expression during the response of quiescent human fibroblasts to distinct proliferative stimuli

Serum treatment of quiescent human dermal fibroblasts induces proliferation, coupled with a complex physiological response that is indicative of their normal role in wound-healing. However, it is not known to what extent such complex transcriptional events are specific to a given cell type and signal, and how these global changes are coordinately regulated. We have profiled the global transcriptional program of human fibroblasts from two different tissue sources to distinct growth stimuli, and identified a striking conservation in their gene-expression signatures. We found that the wound-healing program of gene expression was not specific to the response of dermal fibroblasts to serum but was regulated more broadly. However, there were specific differences among different stimuli with regard to signaling pathways that mediate these transcriptional programs. Our data suggest that the PI3-kinase pathway is differentially involved in mediating the responses of cells to serum as compared with individual peptide growth factors. Expression profiling indicated that let7 and other miRNAs with similar expression profiles may be involved in regulating the transcriptional program in response to proliferative signals. This study provides insights into how different stimuli use distinct as well as conserved signaling and regulatory mechanisms to mediate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming during cell proliferation. Our results indicate that conservation of transcriptional programs and their regulation among different cell types may be much broader than previously appreciated.
Propagation of Intense Beams in Vacuum

For an intense unneutralized charged particle beam propagating in vacuum without external fields present, the radial electric force due to the beam space charge always dominates the self-magnetic pinching force. This is easily seen by making the transformation to a reference frame moving with the beam, in which case the magnetic field is transformed away. (E r does not change sign.)
Towards software reuse using parameterized formal specifications

Software reuse should be engineered as early as possible in the software development life cycle. The earlier reusability considerations are put into software development, the larger the payoff can be obtained from reuse. This paper briefly introduces the syntax and semantics of the TUG specification language. Some important but not comprehensive features of the language for reuse are presented with the aid of examples. Finally, specification reuse is illustrated with an analogy between a restaurant reservation system and a university registration system.
A Novel Neural Network Vector Control Technique for Induction Motor Drive

This paper proposes a novel neural network (NN)-based vector control method for a three-phase induction motor. The proposed NN vector control utilizes the rotor flux-oriented reference frame, and the role of the NN controller is to substitute the two decoupled current-loop proportional-integral (PI) controllers in conventional vector control techniques. The objective of NN training is to approximate optimal control and the NN controller was trained by Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Forward Accumulation Through Time algorithm for induction motor was developed to calculate Jacobian matrix needed by the LM algorithm. The simulations showed that the NN vector control can provide better current tracking ability than the conventional vector control, such as less oscillations and low harmonics. Especially, the NN vector control can better overcome the problem of detuning effects than the conventional vector control. The hardware experiments further demonstrated the great advantage of the NN vector control. The NN vector control can succeed in driving the induction motor without audible noise using relatively lower switching frequency or lower sampling rate compared with the conventional vector control, and thus has the potential to improve efficiency and reduce size and cost of an induction motor drive system.
E-Learning als Unternehmensprozess — Praxiserfahrungen von IBM

Lernen ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem Leitthema in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft geworden. Mit wachsender Intensitat werden dabei neue Wege des Lernens in Schulen, Universitaten und Unternehmen diskutiert und erprobt. Die neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) nehmen in dieser Diskussion eine zentrale Rolle ein. E-Learning wird in diesem Zusammenhang als eine der vielversprechendsten, zukunftsweisenden Anwendungen gesehen. Es wird uns das Instrumentarium fur wirksames lebensbegleitendes Lernen in die Hand geben und damit den Weg in das Lernzeitalter ebnen.
Lorentz and C P T violation in top-quark production and decay

The prospects are explored for testing Lorentz and $CPT$ symmetry in the top-quark sector. We present the relevant Lagrange density, discuss physical observables, and describe the signals to be sought in experiments. For top-antitop pair production via quark or gluon fusion with subsequent semileptonic or hadronic decays, we obtain the matrix element in the presence of Lorentz violation using the narrow-width approximation. The issue of testing $CPT$ symmetry in the top-quark sector is also addressed. We demonstrate that single-top production and decay is well suited to a search for $CPT$ violation, and we present the matrix elements for single-top production in each of the four tree-level channels. Our results are applicable to searches for Lorentz violation and studies of $CPT$ symmetry in collider experiments, including notably high-statistics top-antitop and single-top production at the Large Hadron Collider.
Sono-Montage: Langston Hughes and Tony Schwartz Listen to Postwar New York

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, large-scale population shifts, urban-development projects, and new media transformed New York City in ways that were heard as much as seen. In this context, Langston Hughes and sound documentarian Tony Schwartz each experimented with techniques of montage to splice the sounds of their local New York neighborhoods. Hughes’s Montage of a Dream Deferred and Schwartz’s “New York 19” tape-recording projects locate a crisis in listening in New York’s postwar urban geography of race and economics. Although their projects differ in significant ways, both employ montage to expose listening as a mediated and socially constructed act often intertwined with the structural violence of racial and economic discrimination. In response, both develop alternative models of collective listening, which together offer contrasting perceptual strategies for remapping social, spatial, and sonic relations in the diverse and unequal urban geographies of the United States.
Exogenous substrate uptake by fetal lambs during reduced glucose delivery

Normally, metabolism of exogenous glucose accounts for one-half of the normal fetal metabolic rate. When fetal glucose delivery is restricted for 2 wk, endogenous production increases to maintain glucose use. Such increased glucose production must originate either from increased uptake of other exogenous substrates (lactate or amino acids) or from use of endogenous substrates (via glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis). Our purpose was to find if exogenous fetal substrate uptake increased during decreased fetal glucose delivery. Catheters were placed in eight lamb fetuses under general maternal anesthesia, and the animals were allowed 6 days to recover. Umbilical venoarterial blood concentration differences of antipyrine (during fetal antipyrine infusion), glucose, lactate, amino nitrogen-containing substances, and oxygen were measured before and after fetal glucose delivery was diminished by 3 h of maternal insulin infusion (5-10 mU.kg-1.m-1). Fetal substrate uptakes and substrate/oxygen quotients (i.e., the proportion of oxidative metabolism supported by complete oxidation of each exogenous substrate) were calculated. No increase occurred in the uptake of other exogenous substrates during deficient glucose delivery. Because even complete oxidation of all exogenous substrates did not meet fetal oxidative requirements, the fetus must oxidize endogenous substrates. If such a pattern of substrate use were to continue, fetal growth retardation would result.
Age Variation in Rat Skin Permeability

SummaryPassage of an intravenous dye into the skin of mature and old rats was measured following the intradermal injection of histamine. Less dye accumulated in the skin of old rats. This alteration in permeability may represent the mechanism by which increased cross-linking of collagen results in diminished physiologic reactions.
Demyelination as an Early Pathophysiological Feature in CMT4J (P05.157)

Objective: To delineate segmental demyelination in FIG4 deficiency and its underlying pathogenic mechanism. Background FIG4 is a phosphoinositide phosphatase. FIG4 deficiency causes severe neuronal degeneration and demyelination in patients with recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type-4J (CMT4J) and pale tremor mice with Fig4 null. Our recent publication has demonstrated a high level of FIG4 expressed in myelinating Schwann cells throughout development and adulthood, suggesting its important function in myelination (Guo et al, JNEN 2011). However, research in FIG4 has been focused on neuronal degeneration. Demyelination has not been well studied. Design/Methods: Young plt mice and patients with CMT4J at their early stage were examined by electrophysiology, histology and protein chemistry. Results: The mouse sciatic nerves at the age of P21 days were analyzed by teased nerve fiber study. The percentage of segmental demyelination was increased in plt nerves 14.3±1.3% (n=3), compared with 1.9±1.6% in wild=type nerves (n=3, p Conclusions: Demyelination may take place early as a prominant pathological feature in CMT4J and shows a non-uniform pattern imitating acquired demyelination. The demyelination may be related to an up-regulation of Schwann cell dedifferentiation signaling, c-Jun, a novel finding in FIG4 deficiency. Supported by: MDA115087. Disclosure: Dr. Yan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martyn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose.
Morphology Studies of Oxide Films Deposited by Rf Plasma Technique

Recently, an energetic film growth technique was developed. In this process, an RF (radio frequency) plasma was ignited in an ambient atmospheric environment. An aqueous solution was excited into mist, which was then fed into the plasma reactor. After vaporization, films were formed on substrates outside the plasma. As a by-product, small amount of powders were collected in the plasma reactor. Films studied were indium-tin oxide (ITO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and lanthanum strontium manganite oxides (LaSrMnO). Films and powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX, EDS), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) transmission measurements. Morphology of a film surface was dependent on deposition conditions, such as chemical composition of the precursor materials, precursor feeding rate, and/or substrate temperature.
Nesting Biology of Tanyoprymnus moneduloides and Ammatomus icarioides

No gross differences in nesting behavior were found between the closely related genera, Tanyoprymnus and Ammatomus, which were studied in coastal Georgia, Big Bend, Tex., and Brisbane, Australia. Each made shallow, multicellular nests and provisioned with Fulgoroidea. Wasps held prey in flight with the middle and hind legs, and prey-laden wasps descended slowly to their open nest entrances. Cells were mass provisioned with the prey facing head inward; eggs were laid longitudinally on the thoracic venter of prey placed venter up and topmost in the cell. A. icarioides (Turner) provides the first record of the presence of cocoon pores in small to medium-sized Gorytini. Nesting behavior of T. moneduloides (Packard) and A. icarioides resembles that of other gorytines, supporting the contention that, although gorytines are morphologically diverse, their nesting behavior is rather uniform.
Peri-implant disease: what we know and what we need to know

Peri-implant disease is a serious problem that plagues today's dentistry, both in terms of therapy and epidemiology. With the expansion of the practice of implantology and an increasing number of implants placed annually, the frequency of peri-implant disease has greatly expanded. Its clinical manifestations, in the absence of a globally established classification, are peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the counterparts of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. However, many doubts remain about its features. Official diagnostic criteria, globally recognized by the dental community, have not yet been introduced. The latest studies using metagenomic methods are casting doubt on the assumption of microbial equivalence between periodontal and peri-implant crevices. Research on most of the features of peri-implant disease remains at an early stage; moreover, there is not a commonly accepted treatment for it. In any case, although the evidence so far collected is limited, we need to be aware of the current state of the science regarding this topic to better understand and ultimately prevent this disease.
Information 2.0: New Models of Information Production, Distribution and Consumption

Information 2.0 is a wide-ranging series of brief summaries of fifty-plus topics relating to the current stages of information production, storage, distribution, and consumption. The publisher is a...
Quantifying performance of a connected vehicle by optimal control

Abstract In this paper we exploit trajectory optimization techniques to quantify acceleration performance improvements in an advanced powertrain that are achievable if a preview of a launch event is available about 1 sec in advance through vehicle to traffic light communications. The vehicle is at idle immediately before acceleration. Based on the preview information, the idle speed is increased immediately before launch. A dynamic optimization approach is employed to optimize the idle speed set-point and trajectories of clutch and engine actuators after start of the acceleration. The optimization is applied to a high complexity model of powertrain. To perform the optimization, the trajectories being optimized are first transcribed using Gaussian kernel functions and then a mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithm is applied. The achievable average acceleration with and without preview (i.e., without raising pre-launch engine speed) and for different sets of actuator trajectories being optimized under drivability constraints are compared thereby quantifying the benefits of vehicle-to-infrastructure connectivity.
Mechanisms of Water Transport Across Cell Membranes and Epithelia

In this chapter we discuss the pathways and mechanisms of water transport across cell membranes and epithelia. The concepts of diffusion and osmosis are presented at the biophysical level and applied to water transport phenomena across lipid bilayers and membrane-spanning pores. Water pores (“aquaporins”) are described from biophysical and molecular points of view. The mechanism of water transport across the cell membrane is osmosis and cell volume is determined by the intracellular solute content and the extracellular osmolality. Water permeates the cell membrane via aquaporins and/or the phospholipid bilayer; other pathways having minor importance. Water transport in the absence of a substantial osmolality difference between the adjacent solutions is most likely osmotically coupled to solute transport in the same direction (“near-isosmotic fluid transport”), without requirement for large standing osmotic gradients. Epithelia display a wide range of permeabilities to water, which has important physiological significance, in particular for kidney function.
Diet and Infant Behavior

The relation between rate of weight gain and diet-dependent changes in biochemistry, physiology and behavior of 142 preterm infants (mean birthweight 1364 g) fed varied protein and energy intakes was evaluated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.
Intrinsic Connections in the Cochlear Nuclear Complex Studied in Vitro and in Vivo

The lateral ventrotubercular tract was described first by Lorente de No (’33,’ 81) in Golgi studies of cat and mouse cochlear nuclei. This tract connects the dorsal (DCN) and the ventral (VCN) cochlear nucleus. The projection from neurons in the deep layer of the DCN to the VCN has been found in bats (Feng and Vater,’ 85), mice (Wickesberg and Oertel,’ 88; Wickesberg et al.,’ 91), cats (Snyder and Leake,’ 88), gerbils (Mu ller,’ 90) and guinea pigs (Saint-Marie et al.,’ 91). Because these neurons project from the tuberculum acusticum (Cajal,’ 09) to the VCN, they have been called tuberculoventral cells (Oertel and Wu,’ 89). This paper reviews the findings of our in vitro studies on the anatomy and physiology of this projection, examines the hypothesis that this intrinsic circuit contributes to the monaural suppression of echoes, and presents preliminary results from in vivo experiments that begin to examine this hypothesis.
More Than Meets the Eye: What Can Virtual Reality Reveal to Architects?

Virtual reality (VR), as a visualization technology, has enjoyed an increasing number of applications and an even greater growth in potential. As a critical mode of representation, however, architects have yet to fully exploit its possibilities. This micro-narrative discusses the current state of the technology in various fields and probes the question of how architects might implement it in more nuanced ways toward a specific conceptual agenda. As a representation of the world, and therefore a manifestation of an ontological position, immersive environments such as VR ought to be used in generative ways and encompass the intangible facets of architectural production, including its cultural, social, and political contingencies.
Medicaid Coverage of Smoking Cessation Counseling and Medication Is Underutilized for Pregnant Women.

Introduction Policies to promote smoking cessation among Medicaid-insured pregnant women have the potential to assist a significant proportion of pregnant smokers. In 2010, Kansas Medicaid began covering smoking cessation counseling for pregnant smokers. Our aim was to evaluate the use of smoking cessation benefits provided to pregnant women as a result of the Kansas Medicaid policy change that provided reimbursement for physician-provided smoking cessation counseling. Methods We examined Kansas Medicaid claims data to estimate rates of delivery of smoking cessation treatment to Medicaid-insured pregnant women in Kansas from fiscal year 2010 through 2013. We analyzed the number of pregnant women who received physician-provided smoking cessation counseling indicated by procedure billing codes (ie, G0436 and G0437) and medication (ie, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline) located in outpatient managed care encounter and fee-for-service claims data. We estimated the number of Medicaid-insured pregnant smokers using the national smoking prevalence (14%) in this population and the number of live births reported in Kansas. Results Annually from 2010 to 2013, approximately 27.2%-31.6% of pregnant smokers had claims for nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline. Excluding claims for bupropion, a medication commonly prescribed to treat depression, claims ranged from 9.3% to 11.1%. Following implementation of Medicaid coverage for smoking cessation counseling, less than 1% of estimated smokers had claims for counseling. Conclusions This low claims rate suggests that simply changing policy is not sufficient to ensure use of newly implemented benefits, and that there probably remain critical gaps in smoking cessation treatment. Implications This study evaluates the use of Medicaid reimbursement for smoking cessation counseling among low-income pregnant women in Kansas. We describe the Medicaid claims rates of physician-provided smoking cessation counseling for pregnant women, an evidence-based and universally recommended treatment approach for smoking cessation in this population. Our findings show that claims rates for smoking cessation benefits in this population are very low, even after policy changes to support provision of cessation assistance were implemented. Additional studies are needed to determine whether reimbursement is functioning as intended and identify potential gaps between policy and implementation of evidence-based smoking cessation treatment.
Prolegomena to a New Order: A Domain-Analytical Review of the Influence of S.R. Ranganathan on Knowledge Organization

Domain analytical studies are used in knowledge organization to comprehend the parameters of specific communities. A fruitful but rarely used approach is to examine the theoretical community that is defined by a common core of cited work. Ranganathan's work, especially on facets, has been shown to populate a primary cluster of influence in author co-citation analyses based on the literature of knowledge organization. The basic research question for this study asks what constitutes the ontological community of citers of Ranganathan over time? Evidence from the Web of Science shows that Ranganathan's legacy is now shown as leading the knowledge organization domain into new territory.