cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tuning spin transport across two-dimensional organometallic junctions

We study via first-principles modeling and simulation two-dimensional spintronic junctions made of metal-organic frameworks consisting of two Mn-phthalocyanine ferromagnetic metal leads and semiconducting Ni-phthalocyanine channels of various lengths. These systems exhibit a large tunneling magnetoresistance ratio; the transmission functions of such junctions can be tuned using gate voltage by three orders of magnitude. We find that the origin of this drastic change lies in the orbital alignment and hybridization between the leads and the center electronic states. With physical insight into the observed on-off phenomenon, we predict a gate-controlled spin current switch based on two-dimensional crystallines and offer general guidelines for designing spin junctions using 2D materials.
The Completion of King Saul in Acts

The thesis of this article is that Acts’ account of Paul is intended to subsume and revise the story of King Saul to show that spiritual transformation is only possible after Jesus. This objective ...
Group comparisons and hierarchical modeling

In this chapter we discuss models for the comparison of means across groups. In the two-group case, we parameterize the two population means by their average and their difference. This type of parameterization is extended to the multigroup case, where the average group mean and the differences across group means are described by a normal sampling model. This model, together with a normal sampling model for variability among units within a group, make up a hierarchical normal model that describes both within-group and between-group variability. We also discuss an extension to this normal hierarchical model which allows for across-group heterogeneity in variances in addition to heterogeneity in means.
Contextual text representation for unsupervised knowledge discovery in texts

This paper studies the role of lexical contextual relations for the problem of unsupervised knowledge discovery in full texts. Narrative texts have inherent structure dictated by language usage in generating them. We suggest that the relative distance of terms within a text gives sufficient information about its structure and its relevant content. Furthermore, this structure can be used to discover implicit knowledge embedded in the text, therefore serving as a good candidate to represent effectively the text content for knowledge elicitation tasks. We qualitatively demonstrate that a useful text structure and content can be systematically extracted by collocational lexical analysis without the need to encode any supplemental sources of knowledge. We present an algorithm that systematically extracts the most relevant facts in the texts and labels them by their overall theme, dictated by local contextual information. It exploits domain independent lexical frequencies and mutual information measures to find the relevant contextual units in the texts. We report results from experiments in a real-world textual database of psychiatric evaluation renorts.
Next Generation Business Intelligence and Analytics

Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&A) is the process of extracting and predicting business-critical insights from raw data. Traditional BI focused on data collection, extraction, and organization to enable efficient query processing to derive insights from historical data. With sources of data sources growing steadily, traditional BI&A are evolving to provide intelligence at different scales and perspectives: operational BI, situational BI, self-service BI. In this survey, we review the evolution of business intelligence systems from traditional settings. We focus on the changes in the back-end architecture that deals with the collection and organization of the data, as well as, the front-end applications, where analytics services and visualization are the core components. The survey provides a holistic view of Business Intelligence and Analytics for anyone interested to get a complete picture of the different pieces in the emerging next generation BI&A solutions.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis: Physiological Regulation and Clinical Implications

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal growth and differentiation as well as control of energy homeostasis and metabolism during adult life. Tight regulation of the thyroid function can be achieved through the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, a neuroendocrine loop consisting of a negative feedback mechanism between circulating TH levels and the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. When circulating TH levels are low, the HPT axis is activated simultaneously at multiple levels to increase both the TRH production in the hypothalamus and the TSH production in pituitary. The entire HPT axis is suppressed when circulating TH levels are high. The effects of TH in the hypothalamus and pituitary are primarily mediated by T3, the majority of T3 being produced locally in the presence of type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) from circulating T4. Each individual has a physiological HPT axis set point determined mainly by genetic factors where it functions optimally.
255 ROZIGLITAZONE ATTENUATES CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENTION.

Chronic hypoxia (CH) causes pulmonary hypertension through complex mechanisms that continue to be defined. In human subjects, pulmonary hypertension was associated with reduced PPARγ expression. Because PPARγ activation stimulates vascular endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and reduces superoxide production, we hypothesized that CH causes pulmonary hypertension by reducing PPARγ and NO bioavailability and increasing oxidative stress, thereby contributing to pulmonary vascular dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6 mice (age 8-10 weeks) were exposed to CH (FiO2 10%) or room air for 3 weeks. During the last 10 days of exposure, each animal was treated with either the PPARγ ligand, roziglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) or with equal volume of vehicle (100 μL 0.5% methylcellulose) by gavage daily. At the end of the treatment period, measurements of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were obtained. After sacrifice, hearts were dissected for calculation of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) + septum (S) weight ratio as an index of right ventricular hypertrophy. Serum was collected for measurement of nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NO-Hgb), an index of NO bioavailability, using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Exposure to CH for 3 weeks reduced lung PPARγ expression and caused pulmonary hypertension as indicated by elevation of RVSP and RV:LV+S ratio. Treatment with roziglitazone during the final 10 days of CH exposure attenuated CH-induced pulmonary hypertension as well as CH-induced reductions in serum levels of NO-Hgb. These preliminary data suggest that PPARγ represents a novel and potentially effective therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension that modulates nitroso-redox balance in the vasculature. This abstract is funded by grants from the NIH and VA Research Service.
A pilot study of pembrolizumab in combination with decitabine and hypofractionated index lesion radiation in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed and refractory solid tumors or lymphoma.

TPS25Background: A potential limitation to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in younger patients with immune-resistant histologies is related to low tumor associated antigen expression and an...
Programmed death ligand-1/programmed death-1 inhibition therapy and programmed death ligand-1 expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma

After two decades of unchanged paradigms, the treatment strategies for advanced urothelial bladder cancer have been revolutionized by emerging programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD1) inhibition therapy. Increased evidence is demonstrating the efficacy of PD-L1/PD1 inhibition therapy in both second-line and first-line settings. However, the percentage of patients who benefit from anti-PD-L1/anti-PD1 therapy is still low. Many questions have been raised in the development of biomarker-driven approaches for disease classification and patient selection. In this perspective, we discuss PD-L1/PD1 expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma, review approved anti-PD-L1/anti-PD1 agents for bladder cancer treatment and current ongoing studies investigating combination treatment strategies, and explore PD-L1 expression status for the evaluation of bladder cancer immunotherapy.
Misdiagnosis in the COVID-19 Era: When Zebras Are Everywhere, Don’t Forget the Horses

Abstract We describe a patient who presented with respiratory failure, chest pain, and fever. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, the focus was diverted to the coronavirus infection, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was missed. Although we need to be vigilant in the diagnosis of COVID-19, we should not forget about the common disorders. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Collaborating to Assess and Address Food Insecurity on a College Campus: a Case Study at a Mid-Sized, Regional University

This study examined a cross-campus collaboration to assess levels of student food insecurity, to identify factors contributing to increased risk for food insecurity, and to determine how to address food insecurity. A random sample of students at a public, mid-sized, regional university were asked to complete an electronic survey about food insecurity and related topics. A majority (65%) indicated being at least marginally food insecure. In terms of strategies to address food insecurity, students were not aware of or did not use food pantries. These findings encouraged the university to engage in a collaborative effort to create a food pantry in support of student wellbeing and positive academic outcomes.
Stochastic finite element method for non-linear material models

Abstract We present a formulation for the extension of the stochastic finite element method with non-linear material models. Stress and stiffness fields, as well as displacements at each degree of freedom, are modeled as random processes and are expanded along the Polynomial Chaos (PC). PC terms of displacements are solved incrementally under load control by performing stochastic Galerkin projections on the equilibrium equation. PC terms of stress and stiffness are updated between each load increment from the resulting strains inside each elements, which follow a stochastic constitutive algorithm that performs stochastic Galerkin projections on the local level. The proposed approach is similar to the traditional deterministic non-linear finite element method and is consistent with the linear stochastic finite element method. The PC terms of stiffness are directly updated between increments of loading, and the stochastic tangent stiffness matrix is reconstructed at each increment. We illustrate the method to solve for the distribution of displacements caused by gravity loading in an earth dam with uncertain shear modulus and shear strength. The method gives similar results and, for the same level of accuracy, is computationally faster than the classical Monte-Carlo approach by several orders of magnitude.
Melting dsDNA Donor Molecules Greatly Improves Precision Genome Editing in Caenorhabditis elegans.

CRISPR genome editing has revolutionized genetics in many organisms. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, one injection into each of the two gonad arms of an adult hermaphrodite exposes hundreds of meiotic germ cells to editing mixtures, permitting the recovery of multiple indels or small precision edits from each successfully injected animal. Unfortunately, particularly for long insertions, editing efficiencies can vary widely, necessitating multiple injections, and often requiring coselection strategies. Here, we show that melting double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor molecules prior to injection increases the frequency of precise homology-directed repair (HDR) by several fold for longer edits. We describe troubleshooting strategies that enable consistently high editing efficiencies resulting, for example, in up to 100 independent GFP knock-ins from a single injected animal. These efficiencies make C. elegans by far the easiest metazoan to genome edit, removing barriers to the use and adoption of this facile system as a model for understanding animal biology.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Rodent Default-Mode Network Suppression Revealed by Large-Scale Local Field Potential Recordings.

The default-mode network (DMN) in humans consists of a set of brain regions that, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), show both intrinsic correlations with each other and suppression during externally oriented tasks. Resting-state fMRI studies have previously identified similar patterns of intrinsic correlations in overlapping brain regions in rodents (A29C/posterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe structures). However, due to challenges with performing rodent behavior in an MRI machine, it is still unclear whether activity in rodent DMN regions are suppressed during externally oriented visual tasks. Using distributed local field potential measurements in rats, we have discovered that activity in DMN brain regions noted above show task-related suppression during an externally oriented visual task at alpha and low beta-frequencies. Interestingly, this suppression (particularly in posterior cingulate cortex) was linked with improved performance on the task. Using electroencephalography recordings from a similar task in humans, we identified a similar suppression of activity in posterior cingulate cortex at alpha/low beta-frequencies. Thus, we have identified a common electrophysiological marker of DMN suppression in both rodents and humans. This observation paves the way for future studies using rodents to probe circuit-level functioning of DMN function. Significance Here we show that alpha/beta frequency oscillations in rats show key features of DMN activity, including intrinsic correlations between DMN brain regions, task-related suppression, and interference with attention/decision-making. We found similar task-related suppression at alpha/low beta-frequencies of DMN activity in humans.
Parental Education and Children's Sleep Disturbance: Minorities' Diminished Returns.

Background and aims: While increased parental education reduces children’s sleep problems, less is known about racial variation in such protection. According to Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, economic resources such as parental education show weaker health effects for minority groups such as Blacks and Latinos than non-Latino Whites, which is due to racism and social stratification. In this study, we investigated the association between parental education and children’s sleep problems, as a proxy of sleep problems, by race. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 11718 American children aged 9-10. All participants were recruited to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was parental education, a five-level nominal variable. The dependent variable – sleep problems, was a continuous variable. Race/ethnicity was the effect modifier. Age, sex, and marital status were the covariates. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Results: Parental education was associated with children’s sleep problems. However, there was a weaker inverse association seen in non-Latino Black and Latino families compared to non-Latino White families. This was documented by a significant statistical interaction between race and ethnicity and parental education on children’s sleep problems. Conclusion: Diminished protective effect of parental education on children’s sleep problems for non- Latino Black and Latino families compared to non-Latino White families is similar to the MDRs in other domains. Worse than expected sleep may contribute to higher-than-expected health risks of middle-class Black and Latino children.
Cross-⍺/β Polymorphism of PSMα3 Fibrils

The formation of ordered cross-β amyloid protein aggregates is associated with a variety of human disorders. While conventional infrared methods serve as sensitive reporters of the presence of these amyloids, the recently discovered amyloid secondary structure of cross- fibrils presents new questions and challenges. Herein, we report results using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy, to monitor the aggregation of one such cross-alpha forming peptide, phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 (PSM⍺3). Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are involved in the formation and stabilization of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, making sensitive methods of detecting and characterizing these fibrils a pressing need. Our experimental data, coupled with spectroscopic simulations, reveals the simultaneous presence of cross-⍺ and cross-β polymorphs within samples of PSM⍺3 fibrils. We also report a new spectroscopic feature indicative of cross-alpha fibrils.
The Role of States in Promoting U.S. Exports

Improvement in export performance, particularly among small and medium sized firms, has become a national priority. Public and private sector organizations at the national, state, and local levels are engaged in this work. Examination of each participant’s program should provide insight with respect to the nature, scope, and effectiveness of export assistance operations and produce suggestions for improvement. The purpose of this paper is to explore the assistance program of one cluster of participants, that of the 50 states. An investigation of their operations was undertaken by means of a mail and phone survey. Findings are reported and summarized, conclusions are drawn, and suggestions for improvement are made.
Disability Theology of the Resurrection: Persisting Questions and Additional Considerations – A Response to Ryan Mullins

AbstractIn his recent Ars Disputandi article, ‘Some Difficulties for Amos Yong’s Disability Theology of the Resurrection,’ Ryan Mullins argues that Yong’s proposals are fundamentally misguided by Stanley Hauerwas’ dictum – which states that to ‘eliminate the disability means to eliminate the subject’ – and that therefore Yong’s disability theology of the resurrection body encounters potentially insuperable difficulties or is not sufficiently justified in the face of more traditional accounts. In response to Mullins’ criticisms, clarifications are offered with regard to both the role of Hauerwas’ notion in Yong’s theology and the theological basis for claims regarding the persistence of the marks of impairment in the resurrection body.
Analysis of techniques for building intrusion tolerant server systems

The theme of intrusion detection systems (IDS) is detection because prevention mechanisms alone are not guaranteed to keep intruders out. The research focus of IDS is therefore on how to detect as many attacks as possible, as soon as we can, and at the same time to reduce the false alarm rate. However, a growing recognition is that a variety of mission critical applications need to continue to operate or provide a minimal level of services even when they are under attack or have been partially compromised; hence the need for intrusion tolerance. The goal of this paper is to identify common techniques for building highly available and intrusion tolerant server systems and characterize with examples how various techniques are applied in different application domains. Further, we want to point out the potential pitfalls as well as challenging open research issues which need to be addressed before intrusion tolerant systems (ITS) become prevalent and truly useful beyond a specific range of applications.
θ-Defensins: Cyclic Peptides with Endless Potential

θ-Defensins, the only cyclic peptides of animal origin, have been isolated from the leukocytes of rhesus macaques and baboons. Their biogenesis is unusual because each peptide is an 18-residue chimera formed by the head-to-tail splicing of nonapeptides derived from two separate precursors. θ-Defensins have multiple arginines and a ladder-like tridisulfide array spanning their two antiparallel β-strands. Human θ-defensin genes contain a premature stop codon that prevents effective translation of the needed precursors; consequently, these peptides are not present in human leukocytes. Synthetic θ-defensins with sequences that correspond to those encoded within the human pseudogenes are called retrocyclins. Retrocyclin-1 inhibits the cellular entry of HIV-1, HSV, and influenza A virus. The rhesus θ-defensin RTD-1 protects mice from an experimental severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, and retrocyclin-1 protects mice from infection by Bacillus anthracis spores. The small size, unique structure, and multiple host defense activities of θ-defensins make them intriguing potential therapeutic agents.
Irrigation and State Formation in Hunza: The Anthropology of a Hydraulic Kingdom

Irrigation and State Formation in Hunza: The Anthropology of. Hydraulic Kingdom. H. Sidky. Lanham. MD: University Press of America, 1996. 181 pp.
The characterization of a base-width neutral step as the first step for balance recovery in moderate Parkinson's disease

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize the base-width neutral step (BNS) as the first step in a compensatory step response in persons with moderate Parkinson's disease (PD), and its effect on balance recovery. Materials and Methods: Ten PD and 10 healthy controls (HCs) responded to a posterior waist pull. A BNS was defined if the first step was less than 50 mm. The length, height, duration and velocity of the BNS and its effect on balance recovery time and center of mass location at recovery were compared to the first step within other stepping strategies (single step (SS), multiple step (MS)). A linear mixed model was used to compare across strategies. Results: Six of ten persons with PD compared to zero HC used a BNS. The BNS was shorter in length and duration compared to MS responses in HC, and shorter in duration compared to MS responses in PD. The BNS was slower in velocity compared to every other strategy. BNS use resulted in a longer recovery time compared to all strategies in HC and...
Thyroxine treatment reduces the anorectic effect of estradiol in rats

In order to examine a possible interaction between thyroxine and estradiol in the control of feeding, 14 ovariectomized adult female rats were given daily injections of 9.8 micrograms/100 g of body weight of 1-thyroxine (T). Another 14 rats received 0.15 ml of saline (S) subcutaneously each day, and food intake was measured for both groups daily. After 15 days of treatment, 8 rats from each group were also given a single injection of 6 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB), and the remaining 6 rats of each group received peanut oil vehicle. It was found that T-treated rats showed a significantly smaller drop in food intake after EB than did S-treated rats. This thyroxine-induced decrease in responsiveness to EB did not appear due to any changes in body weight per se but may be related to effects of thyroxine on general metabolism.
A two‐step mutual multicast technique for n‐to‐n communication

Mutual multicast is a communication pattern in which each node in a group sends a message to any other node in that group. This n-to-n communication pattern is required in various cases of distributed processing, and an efficient realization of the pattern is needed. This paper proposes a two-stage mutual multicast technique in which mutual multicast is executed by two stages of the submulticasts through distributed control. Ordinary mutual multicast is executed in one stage. But two-stage multicast can carry out a communication with fewer messages and in a shorter time if the submulticast destination node sets are approximately set in each stage. When there are n nodes, single-stage multicast requires n(n-1) messages and a time of 2(n-1) if all communications are carried out as one-to-one message communications; but two-stage mutual multicast requires only 2n⌈√n⌉ and a time of 4⌈√n⌉. In LANs, such as Ethernet, the multicast function is provided by the MAC sublayer. When this function is available, the two-stage mutual multicast procedure can carry out a communication in a time of 2(⌈√n⌉+1), which compared with a time n in single-stage mutual multicast.
Limitation on the success of the jellium model for metal clusters

Abstract The underlying reason for the success of the jellium model in describing the magic numbers of metal clusters is examined by studying the effect of geometry on the electronic energy levels in K n clusters. Through self-consistent calculations we show that the shifts in the energy levels due to the Jahn-Teller distortion of the geometry are small compared to the energy gaps between various angular momentum states in small clusters, but becomes prominent in large clusters. Consequently, the magic numbers arising due to shell closure are not affected by geometry in small clusters, setting upper limits for the validity of the jellium model numbers.
Theory of nonlinear optical coherences in resonant degenerate four-wave mixing

A theory of resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing in two-level systems including the effects of atomic and photon angular momentum is presented in the absence of pump-induced saturation of the transition. It is shown that there exist three distinct quantum-mechanical amplitudes leading to the third-order polarization density. These quantum-mechanical amplitudes are shown to be sensitive to the states of polarization of the incident fields. The quantum-mechanical transport equation in the $m$ representation is used to calculate the output signal in the various regimes of laser detuning, atomic linewidth, and polarization states of the radiation field for collinear interaction.
The Carbonate-Hosted Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, County Tipperary, Ireland

The Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, located in County Tipperary in southeast-central Ireland, consists of a group of strata-bound pyritic sulfide lenses containing 22 Mt of ore with an overall grade of 11.5 percent Zn, 1.9 percent Pb, 26 g/t Ag, and 16 percent Fe hosted in Lower Carboniferous (Early Mississippian) carbonate rocks. Sulfide bodies at Lisheen are restricted to the Waulsortian mudbank complex and the Lisduff oolite unit of the Ballysteen limestone, which compose the stratigraphically lowest, nonargillaceous carbonate horizons in the local Lower Carboniferous succession. The deposit is located within a major right-stepping relay zone of a segmented normal fault system. Sulfide bodies occur adjacent to the normal faults; thickest development of sulfides generally occurs at points of maximum throw. Metal zoning is well developed relative to these structures. The Waulsortian mudbank complex and portions of the overlying succession were subjected to an early, premineralization, regional-scale dolomitizing event that increased permeability. The regional dolostone produced by this event is cut and replaced by hydrothermal dolomite, referred to as black matrix breccia and white matrix breccia, associated with mineralization. Hydrothermal dolomitization was most intense in the Waulsortian mudbank complex, though it locally affected rocks from the Silurian basement to more than 200 m above the level of major sulfide precipitation. The majority of the Lisheen deposit consists of Fe-Zn-Pb-Ag sulfides hosted in the black matrix breccia, regional dolomite and, to a much lesser extent, undolomitized limestone of the Waulsortian complex. Sulfide bodies at Lisheen consist of pyrite-marcasite, sphalerite, and galena with subsidiary sulfosalt minerals, arsenopyrite, and copper sulfides. Sulfides replace carbonate minerals and infill dissolution cavities. Gangue minerals intergrown with sulfides include dolomite, calcite, barite, and quartz. Mineral textures indicate a regular paragenetic sequence of sulfide deposition from early precipitation of colloform iron sulfide containing minor sphalerite and galena through deposition of a complex assemblage of sphalerite, galena, iron sulfides, sulfosalt minerals, and copper sulfides. Distribution of alteration and sulfide zones indicates that the Lisheen deposit formed as a prograding hydrothermal system. Textural and mineralogic evidence suggests that the hydrothermal fluids were relatively acidic and that reaction with the carbonate host rocks was a primary reason for sulfide precipitation. On the basis of the probable age of faulting and crosscutting relationships of the regional and hydrothermal dolomite, the maximum age of mineralization at Lisheen was at least 10 m.y. after host-rock deposition.
IB4(+) nociceptors mediate persistent muscle pain induced by GDNF.

Skeletal muscle is a well-known source of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which can produce mechanical hyperalgesia. Since some neuromuscular diseases are associated with both i...
ENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO “STRESS” IN CHILDREN

It is known that growth hormone, ACTH and cortisol are secreted in response to stress. Although the physiological role of pancreatic glucagon is not yet fully unterstood, it has recently been shown, that “stress” also leads to an increase in plasma glucagon concentration. dAnesthesia, as well as minor or major surgical procedures should provoke a “stress”-response. The development of sensitive radio-immunological methods allows the assay of a series of hormones in small plasma samples. Using these methods the presumed stress response could therefore be investigated in pediatric patients. The plasma concentrations of HGH, ACTH, cortisol and glucagon were determined before, during and after anesthesia pneumencephalography, cardiac catheterisation and minor or major surgery in children of different ages.
Economic and Environmental Optimization of Vehicle Fleets: Impact of Policy, Market, Utilization, and Technological Factors

This paper focuses on the economic and environmental optimization of decisions about vehicle replacement from a fleet manager's perspective. An integer programming vehicle replacement model is used to evaluate environmental and policy issues such as greenhouse gas (GHG) taxes and fiscal incentives for purchasing electric vehicles (EVs). This research also analyzes the impacts of utilization (mileage per year per vehicle) and gasoline prices on vehicle-purchasing decisions. Energy and emissions reductions for a variety of scenarios using real-world data in the United States are presented as well as break-even points at which EVs are competitive. Findings include the following: (a) fuel-efficient vehicles such as hybrids and EVs are purchased only in scenarios with high gasoline prices or high utilization, (b) current European carbon dioxide cap-and-trade emissions price (around $18.70/ton) does not significantly alter fleet management decisions, and (c) incentives for using EVs (i.e., tax credits) increase...
Selective impairment of phonation: A case study☆

A 47-year-old right-handed man underwent craniotomy for clipping of an aneurism at the trifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. Subsequently, he suffered a left hemisphere CVA after which his speech and language resembled that of Broca's aphasia with accompanying apraxia of speech. Medical, behavioral, and acoustical data amassed over a period of several months indicated numerous contraindications to traditional diagnoses of Broca's aphasia, apraxia of speech, and dysarthria. Ultimately, it was determined that the patient had a selective impairement of phonation or laryngeal apraxia. This was illustrated dramatically when he was taught to use an electrolarynx which allowed him to bypass his disrupted phonatory system. Speaking with the electrolarynx, the patient communicated normally. Any semblance of Broca's aphasia disappeared. Supralaryngeal articulation was normal; apraxia of speech behaviors were absent. This case report indicates that dissociation of oral and laryngeal gestures due to brain injury is possible. Mechanisms underlying such a dissociation for this case are reviewed. The possibility of discrete center lesions in the frontal motor association area causing different types of apraxia of speech is discussed.
IGF-I, marqueur nutritionnel*

Resume De nombreux effets anaboliques de l'hormone de croissance (GH) sont induits par l' Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I), polypeptide mitogenique presentant des similitudes structurales avec l'insuline. Les concentrations plasmatiques de l'IGF-I varient selon l'etat nutritionnel, la situation metabolique et les pathologies presentes. Bien que le foie soit le principal organe de synthese de l'IGF-I circulante, la multiplicite des sites de secretion et d'action a conduit au concept que l'IGF-I peut agir comme un facteur de croissance autocrine/paracrine ou comme une hormone endocrine classique. Chez l'homme, la plupart des IGF circulent a plus de 95% sous forme liee a des proteines (IGF Binding Proteins ), en particulier l'IGFBP-3. Cette liaison prolonge la demi-vie metabolique de l'IGF-I dans la circulation et sert ainsi de reserve. De nombreux arguments plaident en faveur d'une regulation etroite de l'axe GH/IGF-I/IGFPB-3, en fonction de l'etat metabolique et nutritionnel de l'individu, controlant ainsi la biodisponibilite de l'IGF-I. La regulation de l'IGF-I par les aliments, a l'interface entre nutriments et hormones anaboliques, represente le lien entre apports alimentaires et croissance et illustre le role significatif des nutriments dans le controle de l'expression des genes. La comprehension des mecanismes qui relient apports nutritionnels, synthese de l'IGF-I et stimulation de la croissance devrait permettre de proposer des strategies pour le traitement des etats cataboliques et l'utilisation prudente des agents anaboliques.
Pleurotus eryngii species complex: sequence analysis and phylogeny based on partial EF1α and RPB2 genes.

The Pleurotus eryngii species complex comprises at least six varieties (var. eryngii (DC.: Fr) Quel., ferulae Lanzi, elaeoselini Venturella et al., nebrodensis (Inzenga) Sacc., tingitanus Lewinsohn et al. and tuoliensis C.J. Mou). This species is unique among the genus Pleurotus because in nature it is found in association with certain species of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) and Asteraceae (Compositae) families. Sequences of partial regions of the translation elongation factor (EF1α) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were analyzed in order to detect nucleotide polymorphisms that might unequivocally distinguish varieties eryngii, ferulae, elaeoselini and nebrodensis. A phylogenetic analysis was also performed with an aim to establish phylogenetic relationships among those. Sequence analysis of the partial EF1α and RPB2 genes contained nucleotide polymorphisms able to unequivocally distinguish variety nebrodensis from the rest. However, distinction among eryngii, elaeoselini and ferulae was achieved only through the RPB2 gene. The phylogenetic analyses from the combined data sets (EF1α and RPB2) indicated that P. eryngii is a monophyletic group and that varieties eryngii, elaeoselini and ferulae are closely related. P. eryngii var. nebrodensis was placed in a distinct clade clearly differentiated from the other varieties but still monophyletic with the P. eryngii complex. The limited nucleotide variation in partial EF1α and RPB2 among varieties eryngii, ferulae and elaeoselini supports the placement of these groups as varieties and not species within the complex.
Thinning And Mounting A Texas Instruments 3-Phase CCD

Thin CCDs with precise control of thickness and surface quality allow astronomers to optimize chips for specific applications. A means of mechanically thinning a TI 800 x 800 CCD with an abrasive slurry of aluminum oxide is presented. Using the same techniques, the abrasives can be replaced with a chemical solution to eliminate subsurface damage. A technique of mounting the CCD which retains the high quality surface generated during thinning is also demonstrated. This requires the backside of the chip to be bonded to a glass window which closely matches silicon's thermal expansion properties. Thinned CCDs require backside treatment to enhance blue and UV quantum efficiency. Two methods are discussed which may be effective with this mounting system.
Detonation induction phenomena and flame propagation rates in low temperature hydrogen-oxygen mixtures

Abstract Induction distances, transient pressures, and wave propagation rates were determined in cylindrical tubes for detonation waves in stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixtures initially at one atmosphere and temperatures ranging from 300°K down to 123°K. The induction distances became considerably shorter as the initial gas temperature was decreased. The maximum pressure ratio in the induction region (ratio of the pressure at the point of onset of detonation to the calculated Chapman-Jouguet detonation pressure) was also observed to decrease at lower temperatures although the maximum pressure attained in the induction region was very nearly the same in all cases. The decrease of the induction distance with decreasing initial gas temperature is assumed to be caused by the decrease of the speed of sound of the unburnt gas and an increase of the flame acceleration. For a better understanding of the detonation induction process the normal burning speeds of stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixtures were measured at temperatures from 500°K to 123°K. The normal burning speeds were found to be proportional to the absolute temperature of the unburnt gas.
Liberal Education and Social Work Education

Abstract Does the development of undergraduate social work education represent the profession's abandonment of its traditional respect for liberal education and the joining of ranks with advocates of a professional school model of undergraduate education, thus furthering the demise of liberal education? To place this question in context, this paper briefly traces the history of liberal education and formulates a typology of four 20th century U. S. conceptions of liberal education against which the CSWE accreditation standards for undergraduate programs are examined. It concludes by offering suggestions for increasing the interface between liberal and professional goals in undergraduate social work education.
A variational principle for incompressible and nearly-incompressible anisotropic elasticity

Abstract A specialized form of Reissner's variational principle is developed which is suitable for anisotropic incompressible and nearly-incompressible thermoelasticity. The finite element method is used to find solutions in two axisymmetric problems where the material is cylindrically orthotropic and incompressible. The developed variational principle has the feature that the volumetric strain appears in only one equation and errors committed in approximating this equation do not re-enter the stress calculations.
Space Group and Unit Cell of the m-Bromobenzoate of Photoisopyrocalciferol

THE unit cell and space group of the m-bromobenzoate of photoisopyrocalciferol have been determined, and an X-ray diffraction investigation with three-dimensional data is in progress. Dauben and Fonken1 have postulated a structure for photoisopyrocalciferol based on chemical and spectroscopical investigations. The m-bromobenzoate has been prepared with a chemical analysis of C 72.23 per cent, H 8.17 per cent, and Br 13.58 per cent compared with the calculated values of C 72.52 per cent, H 8.17 per cent, and Br 13.79 per cent for the C35H47O2Br molecule. The crystals melt over the range 93.5–95° C. The crystals are colourless, flat needles with the long dimension parallel to the b axis. The a axis is perpendicular to the flat sides of the needles. Weissenberg photographs of the type hnl and hk0 have been taken showing systematic absences only of the type 0k0 with k odd. The usual intensity relationships for the monoclinic system are observed. The space group P21 is the only one consistent with the above observations and compatible with the asymmetrical molecules. The following cell dimensions have been determined from films calibrated with quartz powder patterns: a = 21.13 A.; b = 7.39 A.; c = 10.35 A.; β = 92° 14′.
Fabrication of a mediated glucose oxidase recessed microelectrode for the amperometric determination of glucose

Abstract Miniaturized electrochemical biosensors for glucose were constructed, using recessed gold microelectrodes (diameter 350 to 425 μm) and ultramicroelectrodes (diameter less than 25 μm) as the base sensors. The gold was a substrate for chemically attached thiolated glucose oxidase containing adsorbed hydroquinonesulfonate, which served as a mediator of electron transfer between the electrode surface and the enzyme. The chemically modified electrodes were coated with Nafion® to reduce the effects of anionic interferences, such as ascorbic acid, and were tested in sodium phosphate buffered glucose solutions (pH 7.4) at 25°C by cyclic voltammetry and steady-state amperometry at positive potentials suitable for glucose detection. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the glucose oxidase and hydroquinonesulfonate were both securely immobilized at the surface of the electrodes. The amperometric t 90 response times for the ultramicroelectrodes and microelectrodes were under 20 and 100 s respectively. The current response of both electrode types was linear up to glucose concentrations of 50 mM, and the response to ascorbic acid at physiological concentrations was reduced by Nafion® by 53.3%. Key advantages of this electrode are that it is miniaturized for optimum in vivo analysis, it is unresponsive to variable oxygen tension, and its recess allows for increased response stability and faster response times.
Flow analysis using calorimeters

Abstract Starting with the transverse momentum analysis method developed for experiments at the Bevalac, we present modifications which enable us to determine the transverse momentum in nuclear reactions at high energies when calorimeters are used.
SU‐GG‐T‐66: Dosimetric Comparison between Contura MLB and MammoSite ML

Purpose: To quantify the dosimetric differences between Contura and Mammosite Multi‐lumen (ML) plans for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) Method and Materials: Twenty High Dose Rate (HDR) treatment plans using the new Mammosite ML balloon applicator were retrospectively generated for patients previously treated with HDR‐APBI using Contura Multi Lumen Balloon applicator. ML lumens were placed by coincidence with the central lumen and oriented with an offset lumen closest to skin. Plans were optimized using the same constraints and had the same D95 target coverage. Dosimetric parameters from Contura and Mammosite plans were extracted and compared. These parameters included: max dose to skin, max dose to ribs, target coverage, conformity and dose homogeneity indices. Results: For large skin/rib to balloon distances, treatment plans with these two APBI techniques can achieve comparable coverage and dose homogeneity. V100, V150 and V200 were in the range of 0.2 to 3 cm3, 0.2 to 3.6cm3 and respectively 0.3 to 1.2cm3 typically lower for Contura. The ML conformity index was an average of 0.83 (min 0.71) versus 0.84 (min 0.74) for Contura. In constrained cases (small skin and rib distances), the maximum dose to skin was higher for ML, on average by 10% with a maximum of up to 20%. The differences for the maximum dose to closest ribs in these cases were smaller than 5%. Conclusion: For balloons placed at larger distances from skin and/or chest wall, the two balloon applicators achieve comparable target coverage, conformity and dose homogeneity. However, for smaller breast sizes, when the balloon becomes close to both skin and chest wall, Contura can achieve a better skin sparing than MammoSite, likely due to its lumen geometry. Conflict of Interest: DA, DT are consultants for SenoRx. Inc.
Environmental effects on distributions of culturable soil oligotrophic bacteria along an elevational gradient in the Chihuahuan Desert

Abstract Oligotrophic bacteria have been isolated from many habitats, yet environmental regulation of their distributions in soil has not been elucidated. To address the issue of environmental influence upon oligotrophic distributions, Chihuahuan Desert soils were sampled from five sites along an elevational and vegetational gradient within Big Bend National Park during January and August of 2002 and 2003. Soils were diluted and plated on oligotrophic media, and plates were incubated at 15, 25, 35, 45 and 60 °C. Additionally, measurements of soil organic matter, pH, moisture, extractable nitrate, extractable ammonium and microbial biomass carbon were collected for each sample to relate oligotrophic bacterial distributions to soil nutrient and edaphic characteristics. Analysis of variance indicated significant site, season, incubation-temperature and interaction effects on total oligotroph numbers. Canonical correspondence analysis and multiple regressions indicated that all soil-chemistry variables significantly influenced discrete morphologies of oligotrophs. Oligotroph distributions were most congruent with soil-chemistry variation in three sites, whereas oligotrophic diversity in two sites did not adhere closely to measured environmental variables. While vegetation type may structure oligotroph communities at the two mid-elevational sites, abiotic constraints are drivers in low-desert sites.
Precis of Thinking How to Live

There doesn't seem to be a fact of what to do. What one ought to do is another matter: whether there is such a fact is contentious. The hypothesis of the book is that the two amount to the same thing: what one ought to do is a question of what to do. Thinking what one ought to do is thinking what to do. The concept of ought, I propose, can be explained on this pattern not for every sense of the term, but for a crucial sense that figures in normative concepts: moral concepts, for example, and the concepts of being rational, credible, shameful, or enviable. Thinking what's admirable, for instance, is thinking what to admire, and thinking what's credible is thinking what to believe. There is no special mystery, then, in normative concepts; we needn't appeal to "non-natural qualities" to explain them. If we understand concluding what to do, we understand concluding what one ought to do. Are oughts, then, matters of fact? In a minimalist sense of the term 'fact', there are of course facts of what a person ought to do. In this book I am agnostic on whether there is a more demanding sense of 'fact', or whether the word 'true' has a sense that is more than minimal. The book aims to show, though, that matters of what to do act in many ways like familiar, uncontentious facts. Are these facts, then, non-natural? A straight answer to this last question would tell us little; the question cries out for distinctions. From my earlier book Wise Choices, Apt Feelings (1990), I retain central theses. I start, though, with more meager resources, and I draw further consequences. My earlier account I situated in a speculative try at a realistic, naturalistic human psychology. The newer book starts simply from us as planners, able to think what to do now and in contingencies. From this bare starting point, familiar normative phenomena emerge. We see how oughts "supervene" on natural iss. A kind of naturalism is a further upshot: there is a broadly natural property, I conclude, that constitutes being the thing to do. The resulting system mimics most closely the non-naturalism of G.E. Moore and A.C. Ewing. I think of the book, then, as realizing a form of quasi-realism, as Simon Blackburn calls the program we share: from a
Deciphering Student Evaluations of Teaching: A Factor Analysis Approach

The author examined the student evaluation of teaching instrument used in the College of Business Administration at Georgia Southern University (GSU) to determine which traits have the greatest impact on students' overall rating of all individual instructors. Using exploratory factor analysis, the author found that the overall instructor rating is primarily driven by the quality of instruction. Although the results of this research apply specifically to the survey instrument used at GSU, these techniques can be applied to evaluate the instructor rating instruments at other institutions.