cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of a quasi 3D woven composite with UD and 2D woven laminates

Abstract To develop a composite with high in-plane properties and sufficient delamination resistance, a quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) woven composite has been designed. In Q3D, some yarns in each layer are woven into those in the adjacent layers and form a 3D interlocking network. This study examines the performance of a carbon fiber/SC-15 epoxy triaxial Q3D [ (0°/60°/−60°)4 ] composite. For comparison, a [0°/60°/ − 60°]4 composite laminate with unidirectional (UD) plies and a [ 0°/60°/−60° ]4 laminate with two-dimensional woven (2DW) layers were fabricated using the same carbon fiber and epoxy system. The in-plane tensile, interlaminar fracture, and low-velocity impact tests were performed for all three types of composites. The results show that the Q3D composite has the in-plane tensile modulus and strength comparable to that of UD and 2DW composites, but offers a higher resistance to interlaminar crack propagation and impact damage. This work provides insights into the influences of fiber structures on composite properties and performances.
Quality Sport Coaching in Action: The Application of the National Standards for Sport Coaches in Youth Sport.

The purpose of youth-sport programs across all contexts (municipal, agency-based, scholastic, private, religious) is to provide a site for meaningful growth and development that makes sport a worth...
Assessing sleep quality in gynecologic oncology patients after surgery

Objectives: High quality sleep is important for maintaining immune function, wound healing, and physical and emotional well-being. Our objective was to determine the quality of sleep in women admitted for post-operative recovery after surgical management for a suspected gynecologic malignancy. Methods: We surveyed women who were admitted to the hospital for at least one midnight after undergoing a surgical procedure for a suspected gynecologic malignancy between September 2020 and October 2020. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (19 item self-report questionnaire) was used to assess baseline sleep quality in the month prior to the planned procedure. The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (5 item self-report survey) was used to assess nightly sleep quality during the subject's hospitalization. A chart review was also completed to assess for patient or surgical factors associated with poor sleep. Results: Twenty-three patients met the study criteria, of which 20 (87%) agreed to participate. The mean age was 58 (SD = 15), the mean BMI was 32.2 (SD = 8.3). Eighty percent of patients underwent surgery for confirmed malignancy, with uterine cancer (30%) and ovarian cancer (25) comprising the majority of diagnoses. The median admission length was 2 days interquartile range (IQR = 1-4.5), fifty percent of patients underwent an open procedure. Based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) results, 15 patients (75%) reported poor sleep quality in the month prior to their surgery. The total RCSQ score was the worst on the first post-operative day (38.3, SD = 28.3). Sleep quality improved on post-operative day 2 (67.3, SD = 12.2), but then declined over the remainder of the hospitalization. Conclusions: Sleep quality is poor in women hospitalized after surgery with gynecologic oncologists. Sleep is an under recognized factor in optimizing postoperative recovery. The high prevalence of poor sleep during hospital-based post-operative recovery among gynecologic oncology patients warrants the development of evidence-based interventions for improving sleep and sleep quality.
Immobilized Polynucleotides and Nucleic Acids

The use of immobilized nucleic acids and polynucleotides in the study of nucleic acids and their associated enzymes has become widespread in recent years. There are two main areas of application: the fractionation of nucleic acids and polynucleotides through base-paired complex formation and the isolation and purification of nucleic acid-associated enzymes by affinity chromatography. There are now a number of methods for the preparation of immobilized polynucleotides and the potential uses of these materials depend to some extent on the means by which the polymers are attached to the insoluble supports.
Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. II. Salt dependence of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase.

Abstract A scheme of electron transport in Halobacterium cutirubrum is proposed based on the following findings. (a) The slow rate of reduction of b-type cytochromes by DPNH is not consistent with the participation of these components in the main pathway of the oxidation of DPNH. (b) DPNH oxidation proceeds through a fast, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (QO)-sensitive and a slow, QO-insensitive path. Succinate oxidation, which is slow, is not QOsensitive. These results suggest a main branch of electron transport including a flavoprotein, reduced by DPNH, and a second branch consisting of flavoproteins and cytochrome b(559), reduced by DPNH and succinate. The branches join at the c-type cytochromes. Cytochrome b(563), although reduced by the dehydrogenase of the main branch, lies outside the main DPNH oxidase pathway. The relation of DPNH oxidase activity to NaCl concentration and the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme in the absence of salt reflect the behavior of a single component of the system, DPNH dehydrogenase. The place of the b-type cytochromes in the proposed electron transport scheme is confirmed through the determination of salt dependence curves.
Understanding Information Selection and Encoding from a Dynamic, Energy Saving, Evolved, Embodied, Embedded Perspective

This article uses the Dynamic Human Centric Communication Systems Theory to reconceptualize 4 selected attributes of attention from a human-centric point of view. Information is defined with respect to its relationship in the environment to the human in terms of time and space. The 4 attributes considered are stability, imminence, motivational relevance, and task relevance. An experiment was conducted in which encoding was assessed using a signal detection analysis of a change detection task. Results supported the prediction that story and motivational relevance would have opposite effects on the encoding of stable information as a function of imminence. Differences in memory predictions made by traditional theoretical approaches and the DHCCST are discussed in light of the results of the experiment.
Pre-Election Coalitions and Party System Development: Central European Variations

In the countries of Central Europe democratization took place before most parties were created. The countries of the region have experienced varying degree of instability of their party systems since democratization. We use an original data set to evaluate the role of pre-electoral coalitions in party competition and party system development in the eleven countries in Central Europe. Pre-election coalitions can be a substitute for large, stable parties, giving citizens a simplified set of choices and more consistent reference points, and reflecting citizen preferences in election outcomes. They can even be a bridge to development of a stable party system in the absence of historical party experience. We observe varying degrees of stability of pre-electoral coalitions both within and between the studied countries and varying consequences. We analyze the electoral law regulations pertaining to pre-electoral coalitions and the conditions under which these regulations have stabilizing (and destabilizing) effects on party system development.
The Orc Programming Language

Orc was originally presented as a process calculus. It has now evolved into a full programming language, which we describe in this paper. The language has the structure and feel of a functional programming language, yet it handles many non-functional aspects effectively, including spawning of concurrent threads, time-outs and mutable state. We first describe the original concurrency combinators of the process calculus. Next we describe a small functional programming language that forms the core language. Then we show how the concurrency combinators of the process calculus and the functional core language are integrated seamlessly. The resulting language and its supporting libraries have proven very effective in describing typical concurrent computations; we demonstrate how several practical concurrent programming problems are easily solved in Orc.
Quick lessons on environmental nanotech.

The use of silver nanoparticles to clean clothes and the use of magnetite nanoparticles to clean water provide contrasting illustrations of the potential environmental consequences of nanotechnology, as Chris Toumey explains.
Cadmium Toxicity Decreased by Dietary Ascorbic Acid Supplements

Feeding the environmental toxicant cadmium to young Japanese quail for 4 weeks produced growth retardation, severe anemia, low concentrations of iron in the liver, and high concentrations of cadmium in the liver. Dietary ascorbic acid supplements almost completely prevented the anemia and improved the growth rate but did not markedly alter concentrations of iron or cadmium in the liver.
Ser y poder ser en la metafísica de José Aguilar. Posibilidad en el "Curso de filosofía dictado en Lima"

La metafisica de Jose de Aguilar, S.J., tercera parte de su Cursus Philosophicus Dictatus Limae (Sevilla, 1701), elaborada en estrecho contacto con los movimientos contemporaneos de la escolastica europea y americana, cubre cuestiones que siguen siendo importantes en la filosofia reciente, tanto analitica como fenomenologica. Toca el compromiso existencial y la condicionalidad de las proposiciones, y la concepcion de la intencionalidad que presupone hace pensar en la fenomenologia. La modalidad es un ejemplo de un tema de importancia fundamental que la escolastica comparte con aproximaciones actuales a la filosofia. Cuando Aguilar y sus colegas consideraban los seres praecisive, pasaban su existencia por alto para enfocarlos como posibles, asi como hacen los fenomenologos en su reduccion o epoje y los analiticos en su distincion entre el mundo actual y los meramente posibles. Pero estos escolasticos hacian mas: proseguian el analisis preguntando ?en si mismo, que es el ente posible? Tal es el tema principal del presente articulo.
Mixture model with multiple centralized retrieval algorithms for result merging in federated search

Result merging is an important research problem in federated search for merging documents retrieved from multiple ranked lists of selected information sources into a single list. The state-of-the-art result merging algorithms such as Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) and Sample-Agglomerate Fitting Estimate (SAFE) try to map document scores retrieved from different sources to comparable scores according to a single centralized retrieval algorithm for ranking those documents. Both SSL and SAFE arbitrarily select a single centralized retrieval algorithm for generating comparable document scores, which is problematic in a heterogeneous federated search environment, since a single centralized algorithm is often suboptimal for different information sources. Based on this observation, this paper proposes a novel approach for result merging by utilizing multiple centralized retrieval algorithms. One simple approach is to learn a set of combination weights for multiple centralized retrieval algorithms (e.g., logistic regression) to compute comparable document scores. The paper shows that this simple approach generates suboptimal results as it is not flexible enough to deal with heterogeneous information sources. A mixture probabilistic model is thus proposed to learn more appropriate combination weights with respect to different types of information sources with some training data. An extensive set of experiments on three datasets have proven the effectiveness of the proposed new approach.
High-dose vitamin D supplementation and measures of insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, controlled pilot trial

Objective To determine the effects of high-dose vitamin D on insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Twenty-eight women with PCOS. Intervention(s) Vitamin D3, 12,000 IU, or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s) The primary outcome was quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Secondary outcomes included glucose and insulin levels during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and blood pressure. Result(s) Twenty-two women completed the study. Compared with placebo, vitamin D significantly increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D (mean [95% confidence interval] in vitamin D group 20.1 [15.7 to 24.5] ng/mL at baseline and 65.7 [52.3 to 79.2] ng/mL at 12 weeks; placebo 22.5 [18.1 to 26.8] ng/mL at baseline and 23.8 [10.4 to 37.2] ng/mL at 12 weeks). There were no significant differences in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and other measures of insulin sensitivity; however, we observed trends toward lower 2-hour insulin and lower 2-hour glucose. We also observed a protective effect of vitamin D on blood pressure. Conclusion(s) In women with PCOS, insulin sensitivity was unchanged with high-dose vitamin D, but there was a trend toward decreased 2-hour insulin and a protective effect on blood pressure. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT00907153.
The effect of nasal secretions upon human serum.

The discovery of the resistance-lowering properties of hog gastric mucin (Nungester et al, 1932) has been followed by a number of studies on the properties of mucins lowering host resistance. Although the great majority of these studies have dealt with the production of infection in experimental animals, a number of workers have reported the alteration of the antibacterial properties of the blood following treatment with hog gastric mucin (Nungester et al, 1936; Keefer and Spink, 1938; Oerskov, 1940; Fothergill et al, 1937; Engley, 1954a and b). Although the mechanisms of the antibacterial effects of blood have not been fully described, the importance of serum complement has repeatedly been emphasized particularly as affecting the gram-negative organisms. An important antibacterial phenomenon which involves complement has recently been described by Pillemer (1954), who has reported the isolation of an antibacterial serum protein, properdin, which acts upon susceptible organisms in a complement-dependent reaction. The anticomplementary activity of hog gastric mucin has been reported by Lambert and Richley (1952). Also, the characterization of one of the active
Concurrent increase in mitosis and apoptosis: a histological pattern of hepatic arterial flow abnormalities in post-transplant liver biopsies

Liver biopsies are critical in managing patients after liver transplantation. One key histological pattern in transplant liver pathology is spotty hepatocyte necrosis without significant lobular inflammation, which is typical of recurrent hepatitis C. Over the past years, we have observed several liver biopsies with a pattern of injury that mimicked the histological findings of early recurrent hepatitis C. This pattern consisted of increased lobular hepatocyte spotty necrosis without significant inflammation, but with the additional finding of numerous concurrent mitotic figures. To better understand this unique pattern of injury, we studied a group of 8 liver biopsies with this pattern and a control group of 22 biopsies with typical recurrent hepatitis C. Hepatocyte apoptosis and mitosis were quantified by counting 10 high-power fields (HPFs). The mean interval between transplantation and biopsy was 62 days in both groups. There was no significant difference between the study and the control groups in portal and lobular inflammation. In contrast, there was more hepatic apoptosis (acidophil bodies) in the study cases than the controls (average of 10.3 vs 2.8 apoptotic bodies/10HPF; P=0.0004). Likewise, there were more mitoses in the study cases than the controls (average 6.3 vs 0.1 /10HPF; P<0.0001). Interestingly, examination of the medical records for the cases with increased apoptosis and mitoses found a very strong association with hepatic arterial problems including thrombosis (N=3), stenosis (1), flow abnormalities consistent with stenosis (3), and arteritis associated with acute rejection (1). In summary, our findings indicate that the histological pattern of concurrent increases in both hepatocyte mitosis and apoptosis in a post-transplant liver biopsy without significant lobular inflammation is strongly associated with hepatic arterial insufficiency and should prompt evaluation of the hepatic artery.
Activation of TRPV4 on Dural Afferents Produces Headache-Related Behavior in a Preclinical Rat Model

Background: The mechanisms contributing to the pain of migraine are poorly understood although activation of afferent nociceptors in the trigeminovascular system has been proposed as a key event. Prior studies have shown that dural-afferent nociceptors are sensitive to both osmotic and mechanical stimuli. Based on the sensitivity to these stimuli we hypothesized that dural afferents express the osmo/mechano-sensitive channel transient receptor-potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4).Methods: These studies used in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology of trigeminal neurons retrogradely labeled from the dura to examine the functional expression of TRPV4. Additionally, we used a rat headache model in which facial/hind paw allodynia following dural stimulation is measured to determine whether activation of meningeal TRPV4 produces responses consistent with migraine.Results: These studies found that 56% and 49% of identified dural afferents generate currents in response to hypotonic solutions and 4α-PDD, respectively. The...
Mask-Less Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing: A Feasibility Study

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic structures by laser based layered manufacturing processes involve thermal damages. In this work, the feasibility of mask-less electrochemical deposition as a nonthermal metallic AM process has been studied. Layer by layer localized electrochemical deposition using a microtool tip has been performed to manufacture nickel microstructures. Three-dimensional free hanging structures with about 600 μm height and 600 μm overhang are manufactured to establish the process capability. An inhouse built CNC system was integrated in this study with an electrochemical cell to achieve 30 layers thick microparts in about 5 h by AM directly from STL files generated from corresponding CAD models. The layer thickness achieved in this process was about 10 μm and the minimum feature size depends on the tool width. Simulation studies of electrochemical deposition performed to understand the pulse wave characteristics and their effects on the localization of the deposits.
Further Evidence for Co-Segregation between Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Familial Risk Analysis

Background To examine the relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents using familial risk analysis. Methods We assessed for ADHD and OCD in the 1057 first-degree relatives of three groups of index children: those with OCD and ADHD, those with OCD but no ADHD and matched controls with neither disorder. Results The age-corrected risk for OCD was similarly elevated in families of OCD youth with (14.8%) and without ADHD (17.5%) ( p = .78), and both groups had significantly higher rates of OCD compared with controls (.5%) ( p p vs . 4.9%, hazard ratio 4.8) ( p p Conclusions These results extend previous findings regarding the familiality of both OCD and ADHD and provide further evidence of a familial relationship between ADHD and pediatric OCD which best fit the hypothesis of a unique familial subtype.
Tentative mechanism of lymphocyte chalone action.

Abstract The cell-specific inhibition of PHA-stimulated lymphocyte transformation by splenic ultrafiltrates (50000-30000 D) differed in its kinetics from either cyclohexamide or cytosine arabinoside inhibition. Parallel inhibition of acid-soluble precursor [ 3 H]TdR to acid-insoluble [ 3 H]TdR was found for both ultrafiltered and exogenous cyclic AMP (cAMP), but not for cytosine arabinoside (cyt-a). While cAMP did not significantly increase the inhibition produced by splenic ultrafiltrate, theophylline did. We suggest tentatively that lymphocyte chalone containing ultrafiltrates might function via the production of increased intracellular cAMP which, in turn, could inhibit nucleoside kinases and hence the synthesis of macromolecular nucleic acid and mitosis.
Use of MEDMARX Data for the Support and Development of Perioperative Medication Policy

The MEDMARX database contains a unique classification system for medication errors that supports coding of all records of medication errors according to the extent of harm, to include potential errors causing no harm. These invaluable data have the capability to guide the development of medication policy in the high-risk perioperative environment through identification of causative factors and trends. Yet, to date, there has been no descriptive summary of if, or how MEDMARX data are currently being used to support the development of perioperative medication policy. This article describes how MEDMARX data are being used to support the development and revision of population health medication policy across the perioperative continuum.
Molecular orbital effects on resonant photoemission from Ti2O3 and V2O3

We report the observation of a pronounced effect of the molecular orbital structure of Ti2O3 and V2O3 single crystals on the intensity of electrons resonantly photoemitted from cation 3d states as the photon energy is swept through the cation 3p → 3d optical absorption edge. When the resonance is measured in an angle resolved mode with the detector pointing along the direction of the occupied cation molecular orbital axis in Ti2O3, the emission maximises at photon energies close to the onset of the resonance; when the detector is oriented off the molecular axis the resonant emission is found to maximise at photon energies almost 10 eV higher. While not exhibiting this angular effect, the intensity of the O 2p emission from Ti2O3 increases by almost a factor of two upon sweeping the photon energy through the Ti 3p absorption edge; this large an increase is inexplicable in terms of d-state hybridisation in the O 2p band in Ti2O3. A much smaller resonance is seen in the O 2p emission from V2O3.
Efficient low-intensity optical phase conjugation based on coherent population trapping in sodium.

We have observed optical phase-conjugate gain (>50) in sodium vapor, using low-intensity pump lasers (1 W/cm2), with a response time of the order of 1 μs. Coherent population trapping is experimentally identified as the phase-conjugate mechanism. A theoretical model is presented that supports these observations by showing that coherent population trapping can write large-amplitude nonlinear-optical gratings at laser intensities well below those needed to saturate the optical transitions.
Severe Acidosis and Hyperpotassemia Treated with Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion

Four uremic patients with severe acidosis, hyperpotassemia, and electrocardiographic signs of toxicity were treated with intravenous sodium bicarbonate. Serial determinations showed a fall in plasma potassium, a rise in blood pH, and regression of the electrocardiogram toward normal. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
Effects of Sirolimus on Lipids in Renal Allograft Recipients: An Analysis Using the Framingham Risk Model

This report describes the effects of sirolimus on plasma lipids, and uses the Framingham risk model to assess the clinical importance of these effects. Lipid data from two large controlled studies of 1295 renal transplant patients were analyzed retrospectively. Sirolimus 2 mg/day and 5 mg/day were compared with placebo or azathioprine, and administered concomitantly with steroids and cyclosporine over 12 months. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia occurred in all treatment groups and were maximal at 2-3 months. The sirolimus groups evidenced higher lipid levels than the controls, but the elevations diminished over time. At 1 year, the patients given sirolimus 2 mg/day had a mean cholesterol level 17 mg/dL greater and a mean triglyceride level 59 mg/dL greater than the controls. Among the patients given sirolimus 5 mg/day, mean cholesterol was 30 mg/dL greater and mean triglycerides were 103 mg/dL greater than the controls. Treatment with statins and fibrates was effective in reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels, respectively, in the sirolimus-treated patients. The Framingham risk model predicted that the 17 mg/dL elevation in cholesterol would increase the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 1.5 new cases per 1000 persons per year and CHD death by 0.7 events per 1000 persons per year. Lipid elevations observed in the sirolimus-treated patients were manageable, improved over time, and responded to lipid-lowering therapy. Based on the Framingham risk model, the CHD risks associated with these cholesterol elevations are small compared with the baseline risks of the transplant population.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma treated by Mohs surgery. Review of the treatment results of 179 cases from the Mohs Melanoma Registry.

background There has been much debate regarding the efficacy of the Mohs chemosurgery fixed-tissue technique is the fresh-tissue technique in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. objective. To review the treatment results of the 179 cases of melanoma registered with the Mohs melanoma tumor registry from 1981 to 1991, accumulated from nine referring Mohs surgeons. methods Review of the two treatment techniques using a case presentation format. There were 113 cases treated by the hybrid fixed-tissue technique and 61 cases treated by the fresh-tissue technique. The data compared technique of treatment vs degree of invasion by both Clark level and Breslow thickness determinations. Analysis of the data using Kaplan-Meier graph. results Five-year survival data for melanomas treated by either the fresh-tissue or fixed-tissue method appear concordant. conclusion For thin and intermediate melanoma thicknesses treatment by either method appears to be equally efficacious. For deep melanomas, the number of cases were insufficient to evaluate. Further study of this high-risk category is warranted.
Numerical modeling of experimentally fabricated InAs/GaAs quantum rings

Single sub-band model for InAs/GaAs quantum rings (QR), with the electron effective mass dependent on the confinement energy by the Kane formula is applied for numerical simulation of the capacitance-voltage (CV) spectroscopy experiments. Geometrical parameters chosen for the model are based on the fabrication process for InAs/GaAs QD/QR. The 3D confined energy problem is solved numerically by the finite element method. Obtained results for QR single energy levels are in a good agreement with CV measurements. Evaluated magnitude of the electron effective mass is correlates with the FIR spectroscopy data. These results are compared with the existing 2D model calculations. Theoretical estimates for the addition to a ground state energy of the QR in external magnetic field are given, and compared with the experimental CV data.
Virtual staff meetings: Electronic tutor training with a local e-mail listserv discussion group

Abstract An online discussion group, TA-TALK, supplements weekly staff meetings for 50 graduate students who teach introductory composition and literature classes at the University of California at Irvine. Various dynamics of this electronic exchange are analyzed: The advantages of a listserv over a distributed mailing list or bulletin board system (BBS); benefits of a local listserv over a national listserv in terms of community building, learning sites, and town meetings; the political stance of a list owner; resistance to a listserv; and various nuts and bolts of setting up a listserv.
Primary care physician perceptions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and aspirin-associated toxicity: results of a national survey.

Summary Aim To assess primary care physician perceptions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and aspirin-associated toxicity. Methods A group of gastroenterologists and internal medicine physicians created a survey, which was administered via the Internet to a large number of primary care physicians from across the US. Results One thousand primary care physicians participated. Almost one-third of primary care physicians recommended 325 mg rather than 81 mg of aspirin/day for cardioprotection. Fifty-nine percent thought enteric-coated or buffered aspirin reduced the risk of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Seventy-six percent believed that Helicobacter pylori infection increased the risk of NSAID ulcers but fewer than 25% tested NSAID users for this infection. More than two-thirds were aware that aspirin co-therapy decreased the GI safety benefits of the cyclo-oxygenase 2 selective NSAIDs. However, 84% felt that aspirin with a cyclo-oxygenase 2 selective NSAID was safer than aspirin with a non-selective NSAID. When presented a patient at high risk for NSAID-related GI toxicity, almost 50% of primary care physicians recommended a proton pump inhibitor and cyclo-oxygenase 2 selective NSAID. Conclusions This survey has identified areas of misinformation regarding the risk–benefit of NSAIDs and aspirin and the utilization of gastroprotective strategies. Further education on NSAIDs for primary care physicians is warranted.
What Shall the Foreign Language Teacher Do about the Pupil of Lower Linguistic Ability

Author's Summary— Foreign language instruction is a challenging task in these days of un-selected student bodies. The progressive teacher will do well to plan to meet the needs of the non-academically-minded student if the study of foreign languages is to perform an educational function and, incidentally, hold its place in the curriculum. This article describes what has been done for the pupil of lower linguistic ability in several parts of the country.)
Block copolymer films on patterned surfaces

We present results from a numerical study of a coarse-grained model of diblock copolymer (BCP) thin films cast on a chemically patterned surface. The patterned surface contains chemical inhomogeneities with a repeat spacing length scale comparable to the linear size of the BCP molecules. We find that the orientation of the lamellae in the thin film and the overlap of the film morphology with the preassigned surface pattern is strongly influenced by the commensurability between the bulk unconstrained lamellar size λ * , and the linear size of the surface inhomogeneities w. PACS Numbers: 64.60.Cn, 61.41. +e, 64.60.My, 64.75. +g.
Connections Between Childhood Abuse and HIV Infection

This study examined the incidence of childhood sexual and physical abuse in 52 human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infected adults. Behaviors and dynamics associated with unresolved childhood abuse (revictimization, sexual compulsivity, chronic depression, and alcohol and other drug abuse) are discussed in light of those behaviors and dynamics that increase a person's risk of exposure to the virus causing Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). lnterview results showed that 65% of those infected reported physical or sexual abuse in childhood. The prevalence of adult survivor characteristics was also examined, and responses were compared based on HIV transmission modes. Recommendations for counselors working with HIV-infected clients are also provided.
Thermal Conductivities of Alternatives to CFC-11 for Foam Insulation

The present work examines the thermal conductivities of several dilute vapors which are potential alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for cellular-plastic foams. Thermal conductivity data are reported in the vapor phase, from 280 to 340 K, for trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123), 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane (HCFC-141b), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca), 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFE-245fa1), 2-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFE-263fb1), octafluorocyclobutane (RC318), 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone, and a 75 mol % cyclopentane + 25 mol % pentane mixture. These data were obtained with a transient hot-wire instrument and are estimated to have an uncertainty of ±2% (2σ confidence) at these low densities.
Stable and unstable solutions for bridged cracks in various specimens

This paper reviews the formulation of the problem of a bridged crack in an elastic medium as an integral equation, noting explicit forms for specimens of various common shapes. Numerical methods are provided for the convenient and efficient self-consistent solution of the integral equation when the bridging tractions, p, are a function of crack opening displacement, u, rather than an explicit function of position in the crack. Methods are presented for determining physically and computationally unstable crack configurations for various forms of p(u), including functions possessing a peak. Knowledge of both stable and unstable solutions is essential to demarking the transition from noncatastrophic (or ductile) failure to catastrophic (or brittle) failure.
Exclusive Company: Only and the Dynamics of Vertical Inference

L'A. examine la semantique de only a travers deux tendances theoriques : d'une part, la theorie symetrique qui integre only dans une proposition copulative affirmative qui entraine une proposition sans only et une proposition niant le predicat de tous les autres sauf du sujet, et d'autre part, la theorie asymetrique qui etablit entre les propositions une relation de presupposition plutot que de consequence et qui examine s'il s'agit d'une implicature (conventionnelle ou conversationnelle), d'une presupposition ou d'une condition de verite. L'A. tente ici de determiner s'il est pertinent de preciser la nature de cet element presuppose, en conceptualisant la version scholastique de l'inference verticale
Germination and seedling development of switchgrass and smooth bromegrass exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.

It is estimated that explosives contaminate approximately 0.82 million cubic metres of soil at former military installations throughout the US; major contaminants often include 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its degradation products. At some sites, phytoremediation may be a viable option to incineration or other costly remediation treatments. Grasses may be particularly suited for remediation because of their growth habit and adaptability to a wide range of soil and climate conditions. We characterized the effects of TNT on germination and early seedling development of switchgrass and smooth bromegrass to evaluate their potential use on contaminated sites. Switchgrass and smooth bromegrass seeds were germinated in nutrient-free agar containing 0 to 60 mg TNT litre−1. Smooth bromegrass germination decreased as TNT concentration increased, while switchgrass germination was unaffected by TNT. Concentrations up to 15 mg TNT litre−1 did not affect switchgrass root growth rate, but bromegrass root growth was reduced at TNT concentrations above 7.5 mg litre−1. At 7.5 mg TNT litre−1, however, shoot growth rate was reduced in both species. Examination at 20-fold magnification revealed switchgrass radicles were unaffected by TNT, while smooth bromegrass radicles appeared slightly swollen. Results indicate switchgrass is more tolerant of TNT than smooth bromegrass, but the establishment of both species may be limited to soil containing less than 50 mg kg−1 of extractable TNT.
METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING OPERATING SPEED AND CAPACITY IN WORK ZONES

A new step-by-step methodology for estimation of operating speed and capacity in work zones on highways is presented and validated. The underlying principle of this methodology is that the operating factors in work zones, which include work intensity, lane width, lateral clearance, and other factors, cause motorists to reduce their speed. The reduced speed adversely affects the capacity of the work zones. Video data were collected for around 30 h from 11 work zones on Interstate highways in Illinois where one of the two lanes was closed. These work zones included eight long-term and three short-term ones. Work intensity in the work zone was quantified, and the relationship between work intensity and consequent speed reduction in construction zones was established. Speed reduction in a long-term work zone was established with field data, and the reduction in a short-term work zone was established with data from a driver survey. These relationships were used to compute the operating speed in the work zone. ...
The Effects of Cooking on Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide Residues in Chicken Tissues.

SUMMARY— DDT and lindane were fed separately and in combination at levels of 0.2 and 2.0 ppm to chickens during a growing period of 9 weeks. Pesticides incorporated into the tissues were reduced considerably when the birds were cooked by baking or frying. DDT, DDE, and Kelthane were present in the control and cooked carcasses, but DDD was found only in the cooked birds. A relationship between the two pesticides in which lindane enhanced the retention of DDT in the tissues appeared possible.
Torn Between God, Family, and Money: The Changing Profile of Lebanon's Religious Terrorists

Based upon this researcher's prior work and the conceptual denouement from geocultural immobility to religious terrorism, the author speculates that the reverse may be achieved and a zealot's motivation for religious terrorism might be purged once his or her basic Moslovian needs are fulfilled. Thus, this article attempts to empirically assess in some elements of Hizbullah, the effect of newly found wealth, money, and family exigencies on the Lebanese Shi'a's religious zealotry, his or her perceived religious commitments, and their acts of terrorism. This research concluded that Hizbullah in Lebanon, an organization originally established as a religious network with narrowly defined politico-socioeconomic goals, has eroded. Many of its individual cells now serve primarily their own self-interest instead of their perception of God's will. These cells are defying Hizbullah's main leadership wishes and committing criminal actions designed to serve cell or family interests. Its sophisticated network is alread...
Enantioselective synthesis of the C1-C6 and C7-C23 fragments of the proposed structure of iriomoteolide 1a.

Synthesis of the C1–C6 and C7–C23 fragments of the proposed structure of iriomoteolide 1a has been accomplished. Key steps include a cross metathesis to form the C15–C16 E olefin and a chelation controlled Grignard addition to form the tertiary alcohol at C14. Notably, 7 of the 9 stereocenters of the proposed structure have been set using various aldol reactions employing metallo enolates of thiazolidinethiones.
The second-look operation improves survival in suboptimally debulked stage III ovarian cancer patients.

. In a single-institution retrospective cohort study, 230 patients were treated for stage III primary ovarian cancer and 175 became eligible for second-look operations by virtue of a complete clinical response after primary surgical cytoreduction and platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Of these, 109 underwent a second-look operation. Optimal primary cytoreduction was defined as residual disease ≤1 cm. Median follow-up was 68.3 months. Five-year survival for all the 230 stage III ovarian cancers was 43.4%. Among all eligible patients (n = 175), there was no survival difference (P = 0.67) in those having second look (57.3%, 5-year survival) versus no second look (48.7%). In those patients with optimal primary cytoreduction (n = 118), there was no survival advantage to second look (69% versus 61%, P = 0.7). However, in those with suboptimal primary cytoreduction (n = 47), 5-year survival was 36% in those having second look versus only 13% in those refusing second look (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified second-look surgery as the only significant independent prognostic variable affecting survival (RR = 0.321, P < 0.04). Patients with suboptimal debulking at primary surgery for stage III ovarian cancer appear to achieve a survival benefit from second-look surgical procedures, presumably from the early identification and treatment of residual disease.
Hammerhead: Part 2.

The second structure of a hammerhead ribozyme provides intriguing hints as to the mechanism of these RNA machines.
A note on the variability of inflation and the dispersion of relative price changes

Abstract The relationship between the variance of inflation and the variability of relative price changes is analyzed empirically. A strong positive association is found for 1948–1969 and 1948–1975. Application of Chow's test indicates structural instability, and Granger's test suggests a feedback effect between these variables.
Sensing and responding to the changes of geometric surfaces in flexible manufacturing and assembly

A flexible manufacturing system is capable of dealing with changes and uncertainties occurring in a manufacturing environment. A rigid automation system adapts changes through reconfiguration or manual modification of its control programmes. In contrast, an advanced system responds to the changes autonomously or with a minimal manual intervention. One critical technology for a flexible manufacturing system is to detect or predict the changes and uncertainties and take them into account for the control of the manufacturing system. In this paper, an intelligent manufacturing system is proposed to accommodate product geometric variants autonomously by integrating a 3D vision system into manufacturing processes. The proposed system is capable of acquiring vision sensor data, detecting the geometric changes, and modifying the control programmes of the machine in response to the changes. In this innovative work, a new method for converting the raw vision sensor data into a surface model of the product is presented. A new surface reconstruction algorithm is proposed to generate the surface model directly from the raw 3D point-cloud data of a product. In addition, an advanced programming algorithm that uses acquired surface models to automatically update robot programmes for a new task with minimal manual intervention is presented.
Analysis of initial transient deletion for replicated steady-state simulations

Consider the method of independent replications with initial transient deletion for generating confidence intervals for 'steady-state' quantities. To produce intervals with good convergence characteristics, the relative growth rates of the number of replications, the length of each replication, and the deletion period must be controlled. Critical rates for these parameters are determined. The applicability of these results to simultaneously running multiple replications on a highly parallel computer is discussed.
The antioxidants of higher plants

Abstract Many enzymes and secondary compounds of higher plants have been demonstrated in in vitro experiments to protect against oxidative damage by inhibiting or quenching free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The roles of many other compounds as potential antioxidants can be inferred by their similarity to synthetic antioxidants of related structure. The evidence supports at least a partial antioxidant role in vivo for many classes of plant metabolite.
Nature versus nurture segues to choice versus circumstance in the new millennium: one consideration for an integrative biopsychosocial philosophy, art, and science of chiropractic

Objective This commentary discusses the evolving sociocultural roles and sociocultural authority of chiropractic.
Estuarine sediment deposition during wetland restoration: A GIS and remote sensing modeling approach

Restoration of the industrial salt flats in the San Francisco Bay, California is an ongoing wetland rehabilitation project. Remote sensing maps of suspended sediment concentration, and other GIS predictor variables were used to model sediment deposition within these recently restored ponds. Suspended sediment concentrations were calibrated to reflectance values from Landsat TM 5 and ASTER using three statistical techniques -- linear regression, multivariate regression, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to map suspended sediment concentrations. Multivariate and ANN regressions using ASTER proved to be the most accurate methods, yielding r2 values of 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. Predictor variables such as sediment grain size and tidal frequency were used in the Marsh Sedimentation (MARSED) model for predicting deposition rates for three years. MARSED results for a fully restored pond show a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 66.8 mm (<1) between modeled and field observations. This model was further applied to a pond breached in November 2010 and indicated that the recently breached pond will reach equilibrium levels after 60 months of tidal inundation.
Dynamic Changes in Left Ventricular Free Wall Thickness in the Human Heart

Sufficient delineation of differences in density is often not achieved by standard x-ray cinematographic technic. As a result, when cineventriculography is used to study the shape and motion of the left ventricle, its free wall is often defined imprecisely, if at all. This problem has been overcome by utilization of a special color-coded, triple-emulsion cine film in place of the usual black and white film. The resulting photographic images permitted analysis of wall dynamics and measurement of wall thickness in different planes of the heart. Thickening of the normal wall during systole averaged between 70 and 106%, but with inconsistent nonuniform regional changes within this range. In the diseased left ventricle with localized areas of paradoxical expansion, markedly reduced if any thickening of the wall occurred during systole.
The “Bwa War Masks” of the Middle Uele Region: A Review

T t 8 his paper is not the result of field experience on my part with masked warriors, or even with the descendants of masked warriors. I have merely brought a fresh eye to documentary evidence, more specifically to written sources, some of them archival, many of them published, but all readily available to interested scholars. Since the end of the nine teenth century, the "Bwa war masks" have been consistently mis understood, amalgamated as they were with true Uele masks. Even at the end of the twentieth century, scholarship, standoffish at best, has offered little more than morphological and epidermic considerations as far as Bwa sculpture and Uele art in general is concerned.' This must be science, I guess, and reason enough to proceed to a minimal ordering-chronological and otherwise of so many missed opportunities. To begin with, a reminder of some early observers in the field who did not mention any wooden masks in the Uele area or the larger surroundings: Schweinfurth (1874), Miani (1875), Casati (1891 1), Junker (1891 3:11-2, 222, 249). The first to inter cept rumors about war masks was Captain Louis Chaltin, nick named Nsasa by the local population (1895).2 He quite certainly did not invent the idea himself, nor was he a direct witness; he wrote his article on the economic potential of the Aruwimi-Uele district at the end of his first term in the Congo Free State, when he was commissaire de district stationed at and operating from Basoko (1891-1894), before becoming head of the Uele district at the Nyangara station during his second term (1895-1898).3