cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internalized gay ageism, mattering, and depressive symptoms among midlife and older gay-identified men.

Abstract Objective In this paper we introduce the construct of “internalized gay ageism,” or the sense that one feels denigrated or depreciated because of aging in the context of a gay male identity, which we identify as an unexplored aspect of sexual minority stress specific to midlife and older gay-identified men. Methods Using a social stress process framework, we examine the association between internalized gay ageism and depressive symptoms, and whether one's sense of mattering mediates or moderates this association, controlling for three decades of depressive symptom histories. The sample is 312 gay-identified men (average age = 60.7 years, range = 48–78, 61% HIV-negative) participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) since 1984/85, one of the largest and longest running studies of the natural history of HIV/AIDS in the U.S., who provided contemporary (2012/13) reports of stress experiences. Results We find that internalized gay ageism can reliably be measured among these men, is positively associated with depressive symptoms net of an array of other factors that may also influence symptomatology (including depressive symptom histories), and mattering partially mediates but does not moderate its effect on depressive symptoms. Conclusion Midlife and older gay men have traversed unparalleled historical changes across their adult lives and have paved the way for younger generations of sexual minorities to live in a time of less institutionalized discrimination. Still, they are at distinct risk for feeling socially invisible and devalued in their later years.
Scattering measurements, second virial coefficients, and the interatomic potential for argon

Abstract Second virial coefficients for argon are calculated using a pair potential determined from scattering and spectroscopic data by Parson and Lee. Agreement with experiment is poor. A potential due to Barker, Fisher and Watts agrees about as well as that of Parson and Lee with the scattering and spectroscopic data, and also gives second virial coefficients in excellent agreement with experiment.
The Vane Kindergarten Test: Temporal stability and ability to predict behavioral criteria

The present study contributed further information on the reliability and ability to predict behavior problems of the Vane Kindergarten Test (VKT), a relatively new test. The VKT is judged to have limited usefulness in early detection of learning handicaps for two reasons: (a) Its reliability is too low to allow discrimination between individuals, and (b) The ability of the VKT to predict problem behaviors is quite limited.
Kinetics of γ’ precipitation and its influence on fatigue crack growth behavior of a new single-crystal nickel- based superalloy (cmsx-4g) at room temperature

An investigation was carried out to determine the growth kinetics of γ precipitates in a newly developed single-crystal nickel-base superalloy containing rhenium (CMSX- 4G). The investigation also examined the influence of γ’ precipitates (size and distribution) on fatigue crack growth behavior of the material in a room-temperature ambient atmosphere. The influence of load ratio on fatigue threshold of the material and crack growth mechanisms in fatigue was also studied. Compact tension specimens were prepared from a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy, CMSX-4G, with the (001) crystallographic direction. These specimens were given two different heat treatments to produce two different γ’ size precipitates. Fatigue crack growth behavior of these materials was studied at three different load ratios (R = 0.10, 0.50, and 0.90) in room-temperature ambient atmosphere. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that rhenium additions in CMSX-4G substantially lowers the γ coarsening kinetics of this alloy. The smaller γ’ precipitate size was found to be beneficial for fatigue resistance and has resulted in a higher fatigue threshold and lower fatigue crack growth rate in the threshold region. The fatigue threshold was found to decrease with an increase in load ratio. The crack growth mechanism in the threshold region was found to occur by a combination of microvoid coalescence and striations.
Virtual-to-Physical Mapping Inference in Virtualized Cloud Environments

Virtualization is a double-edged sword in large scale cloud computing environments. On one hand, virtualization provides a logical and unified view of the underlying cloud resources to facilitate more efficient resource utilization and to support multi-tenancy. On the other hand, virtualization introduces additional layers of indirections which make the virtual-to-physical resource mapping relationship obscure, or prohibitively costly to unveil, especially with multiple layers of virtualization at presence, e.g., server virtualization, network virtualization, and storage virtualization. In this work, we propose a virtual-to-physical mapping inference framework by analyzing the I/O activities of inputs and outputs of the virtualization layer. Using a virtualized storage example, we show that our lightweight solution can unveil the virtual-to-physical resource mapping relationship in a non-intrusive fashion, which can be used in many cloud management tasks such as root cause analysis and diagnosis.
The effects of maintenance diet on adaptation to food or water deprivation schedules in the rat

Rats maintained on three different diets were adapted to: (a) 23.5-hr. water deprivation, (b) ad lib conditions, and (c) 23.5-hr. food deprivation, in that order. After 16 days on food deprivation a diet switch was made. Results showed a diet slightly higher in fat content to be superior in terms of limiting initial weight loss and returning Ss to predeprived weights. The diet switch produced immediate and profound effects on weight and amount of food eaten, indicating a strong taste preference factor.
Gender-role and housing preferences

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether relationships exist between gender-role and housing preferences. One hundred and thirteen undergraduate students, 76 women and 35 men (2 subjects did not record their sex) completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory ( Bem, 1981 ), a background questionnaire, and rated two sets of housing stimuli for residential preference. One set of eight houses was developed by Kinzy ( Langdon, 1982 ), the other set of six houses was used previously by Nasar (1989) . Kinzy's eight houses comprised Modern, Contemporary, Mediterranean, Tudor, Farm, Colonial, Early American and Ranch styles, whereas Nasar's were a Contemporary, Mediterranean, Tudor, Farm, Colonial, and Saltbox. The results of this study reveal some support for the relationship between gender-role and housing preference, as well as some indication of the kinds of housing styles people prefer (and dislike). Related to house style preferences, the results also indicate that architectural renderings of a particular house style can influence these preference judgments. Additional findings point to the fact that the kind of locale (suburban/rural or urban) in which one's family resides can influence housing preference. Some indication of regional preference differences also emerged.
Influence of emulsifying component composition on creams formulated with fractionated milkfat.

Dairy systems formulated with fractionated milkfat and milk-derived components have compositional differences that may affect functionality and nutritional aspects as compared to natural dairy products. The composition of 20% milkfat creams formulated with emulsifying components (skim milk, sweet buttermilk, and butter-derived aqueous phase) and low- or medium-melt fractionated butteroil was compared with natural cream. Cream separation temperatures (49 and 55 °C) and processing conditions (commercial and pilot plant) in obtaining emulsifying components were examined for effect on content of surface active agents. Individual fatty acids, lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, protein levels, and types varied with components. Separation temperature influenced the cholesterol level in the aqueous phase. A commercially produced aqueous phase contained less total lipid, protein, cholesterol, and phospholipid than aqueous phase obtained in the pilot plant. Milkfat globule membrane concentration of emulsifying components affected phospholipid and cholesterol content of formulated creams. Butteroil type affected cholesterol levels and cream formulations.
In vivo [14C]amino acid profiles in discrete hypothalamic regions during push-pull perfusion in the unrestrained rat

Abstract In the unanesthetized rat, the differential release of [ 14 C]amino acids into a perfusate from a push-pull cannula was analyzed for 20 circumscribed areas of the hypothalamus. To serve as an exogenous precursor for [ 14 C]amino acid synthesis. [U- 14 C]glucose was injected in a vol of 0.5–1.0 μl into a discrete hypothalamic region 20 min prior to a push-pull perfusion. Then, at 15min intervals, the labeled site was perfused for 5 min with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid usually at a rate of 10μl per min. Each sample of perfusate was extracted and assayed by two-dimensional, thin-layer chromatography for the presence of eight amino acids and residual glucose. The pattern of recovery of 14 C-labeled substances as well as the distribution of 14 C between γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, aspartate, alanine, taurine and glycine depended solely upon the neuroanatomical region perfused. Near the lateral edge of the ventromedial nucleus, 67% of the amino acid activity was accounted for by [ 14 C]GABA. Perfusion sites medial to or within this nucleus, or others near the anterior hypothalamus or paraventricular nucleus, yielded a recovery of labeled GABA that was equal to that of glutamate, together accounting for two-thirds of the total 14 C recovery. Within many perfusion loci, small amounts of [ 14 C]alanine and [ 14 C]aspartate were detected, whereas within most sites the respective recovery of [ 14 C]aspartate, [ 14 C]alanine, [ 14 C]taurine and [ 14 C]glycine was negligible. Finally, the metabolism of [ 14 C]amino acids in the rat's hypothalamus decreased exponentially over time with little identifiable content obtained 80 min following injection of the glucose precursor. These results demonstrate that putative amino acid transmitters can be recovered from the brain of a freely moving animal, and can be characterized in vivo within specific neuroanatomical regions.
UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase in Nematodes

Nematodes represent a diverse phylum of both free living and parasitic species. While the species Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable model organism, parasitic nematodes or helminths pose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, helminths cause many neglected tropical diseases that afflict humans. Nematode glycoconjugates have been implicated in evasive immunomodulation, a hallmark of nematode infections. One monosaccharide residue present in the glycoconjugates of several human pathogens is galactofuranose (Galf). This five-membered ring isomer of galactose has not been detected in mammals, making Galf metabolic enzymes attractive therapeutic targets. The only known pathway for biosynthetic incorporation of Galf into glycoconjugates depends upon generation of the glycosyl donor UDP-Galf by the flavoenzyme uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP) galactopyranose mutase (UGM or Glf). A putative UGM encoding gene (glf-1) was recently identified in C. elegans. We sought to assess the catalytic activity of the correspo...
Control of a continuum electromechanical instability

The stabilization of continuum mechanical and electro-mechanical systems by means of coupling to active distributed structures is an application of continuum feedback control that has promise. The stabilization of classic forms of Rayleigh-Taylor type instability with a continuum of feedback is presented. The effect of spacewise sampling on the dynamics is discussed in detail for a typical case where the instability occurs, because a thin, conducting, liquid or elastic film is stressed by a sufficiently large constant electric field. The stabilizing influence of feedback provided by an external electrostatic structure is presented as it depends on 1) the effect of longitudinal constraints on the film (fixed ends), 2) the degree of coupling between the film and the feedback structure (proximity), and 3) the effect of spacewise sampling to obtain the feedback signals. The stability conditions are found by a "spliced" solution that accounts for 1) and 3), a normal-mode solution that describes 1), 2), and 3) and a traveling-wave solution that includes the effects of 2) and 3). It is shown that the sampling interval places an upper bound on both the electric pressure and feedback gain consistent with stability. This bound is given, as it depends on the proximity of the feedback structure and the longitudinal boundaries.
Prevention of rheumatic fever: Limitations

Prevention of rheumatic fever depends on early recognition and treatment of antecedent streptococcal infection. Retrospective inspection of 922 acute rheumatic episodes in 6 cities revealed respiratory illnesses in 743. Of these, 168 rheumatic attacks followed in less than the presumed safe 10 day period. If these illnesses were of streptococcal origin, rheumatic fever theoretically could have been prevented in 77.9 per cent of all attacks. To reach this degree of efficacy, however, fluorescence microscopy is essential for earliest possible identification of Group A streptococci.
Implications of energy policy on a product system's dynamic life-cycle environmental impact: Survey and model

Abstract Successfully developing and manufacturing industrial products requires considering the economic- and environmental-factors that span multiple spatial- and temporal-scales. Here, we propose an integrated approach combining an energy-economic model with a life-cycle assessment to analyze the impacts of energy policies on the dynamic changes in the various environmental impacts of a product system. We employ the Market Allocation (MARKAL) framework to foresee the changes in several economic- and technological-parameters over specific periods for different energy policies. Furthermore, we create a dynamic life-cycle inventory database to assess the changes in the future life-cycle environmental impact of a current product/process system. Our proposed method may guide industry to proactively prepare for the possible effects of different energy policies on their current product/process system's environmental profile so that they can make strategic decisions on modifications to, and investments in their production processes thereby to enhance their environmental- and economic-performance while meeting the various emission-abatement targets.
Gangliosides of the neuron

Abstract While gangliosides appear to be ubiquitous in vertebrate cells, those of the neuron are characterized by their unusually high concentration and structural complexity. This has given rise to the concept of neuron-specific function(s), apart from their physiological roles in other cells. Current views on metabolism, localization, transport and developmental changes of neuronal gangliosides are briefly summarized. A large part of current research is focused on the neuritogenic and neuronotrophic properties of gangliosides, as exemplified in their ability to induce differentiation in some primary neuronal cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines. Exogenously administered gangliosides also function in vivo to facilitate survival and repair of damaged neurons in both the CNS and PNS. Efforts are now directed toward elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the relation of such ‘exogenous' effects to the functioning of endogenous gangliosides normally present in the neuron.
Malignant mesenchymoma of the orbit: case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Objective Malignant mesenchymoma are rare tumors of the orbit. From 1961 using English-language literature, we present the sixth such case and the first case with three malignant components. Design Interventional case report. Methods The clinical presentation, workup, surgical treatment, and pathology of a case of malignant mesenchymoma of the orbit are presented. Results Although very rare, these tumors should be in the differential diagnosis of any tumor of the orbit. The prognosis is unknown because of the lack of follow-up of reported patients. Conclusions This malignant orbital mesenchymoma, an entity not accepted by all pathologists, was more complex than cases previously reported in the English literature in demonstrating rhabdomyosarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, and osteogenic differentiation.
Post treatments of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide for low dielectric constant films

Abstract Post treatments by annealing or supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) exposure of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films are reported to reduce the dielectric constant up to 2.1. The a-SiC:H films were prepared using diethylsilane diluted in methane. The deposition precursors and conditions were chosen to fabricate a thermally unstable a-SiC:H film with a high concentration of CHn (n = 1, 2, 3) functional groups. The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy measurements of as-deposited films show a-SiC:H networks and presence of a-C:H moieties throughout the film. The films were then annealed in vacuum up to 450 °C to remove thermally unstable CHn as well as other species. After annealing, the dielectric constant of the films decreased from 4.2 up to 2.1 due to the decrease in film density. The reduction suggests the presence of molecular voids/pores. Annealing produced a stable film with thickness decreasing by a maximum of 6% only. SCCO2 treatment was also explored and found to be more effective in the extraction of CHn and other species at 200 °C.
Price Discrimination in Organized/Centralized Electric Power Markets

Price discrimination is a concept that is well understood in economics where it applies to the ability of, generally, a seller to price the same product at different levels as a way of increasing revenue. This paper presents the concept of price discrimination from the position of both the buyer and the seller. It looks at the concept in unregulated industries and argues that price discrimination is now a significant issue in the electric power industry.
Pharmaceutical product withdrawal: Attributions of blame and its impact on trust

Abstract Background Six major pharmaceutical products were withdrawn from the market from 2000 to 2006. Little evidence exists in understanding consumer reactions to such events and the influence the withdrawal has on its competitors. Objective To explore consumers' attribution of blame after pharmaceutical product market withdrawal (PPMW) and its effect on trust. Methods Subjects were assigned randomly to 4 groups and provided a unique hypothetical PPMW scenario and asked to imagine themselves in the situation described. Each scenario represented a different “distance” from the PPMW (eg, whether subjects were asked to assume they were taking the withdrawn drug or a therapeutic substitute). Blame of and trust in several key professionals/groups were measured. Results Closer “distance” to the PPMW resulted in higher blame attributions for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), pharmaceutical company (Pharma), and the physician. Although the pattern of trust scores did not differ based on “distance,” insurance companies and Pharma suffered from low trust, whereas pharmacists and physicians received higher trust ratings. Blaming appeared to be no different between consumers on a withdrawn product and those consumers on a product in the same therapeutic class (“substitute” product). Conclusion Substitute products (drugs in the same therapeutic class) appear to be affected in the event of a PPMW, although drugs used to treat the same disease do not appear to be so affected. The difficult-to-explain findings with respect to trust may be accounted for by the fact that trust is more downstream than blame (based on the scenario presentations) and that trust is a complex construct with multiple antecedents. Although the bonds of interpersonal trust remain stronger than those of institutional trust, the likelihood of situational trust versus overall trust may complicate this picture of understanding trust. It may be possible that trust is impervious to this one negative instance versus many positive interactions.
Ancestral polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium at the het-6 region in pseudohomothallic Neurospora tetrasperma

Abstract In species of Neurospora , non-self recognition is mediated by at least 11 heterokaryon ( het ) incompatibility loci. Previously, we identified ancient allelic variation at het-c in pseudohomothallic N. tetrasperma , which confirmed outcrossing in this species. Here, we report distinct ancestral alleles at het-6 and un-24, two closely linked genes with het incompatibility function in N. crassa . The pattern of variation at het-6 and un-24 in N. tetrasperma is similar to that observed for N. crassa, where two ancestral allele specificities exist for each locus, Oak Ridge ( het-6 OR , un-24 OR ) and Panama ( het-6 PA , un-24 PA ). Only het-6 OR / un-24 OR and het-6 PA / un-24 PA allele combinations have been observed. The absence of recombinant haplotypes ( e.g ., het-6 OR / un-24 PA ) appears to derive from an ancestral chromosomal rearrangement that limits recombination. Allelic variation at het-6 and un-24 in N. tetrasperma provides further evidence of outcrossing in this predominantly selfing species and indicates that selection maintains ancient allelic diversity at het loci.
Function-Altering SNPs in the Human Multidrug Transporter Gene ABCB1 Identified Using a Saccharomyces-Based Assay

The human ABCB1 (MDR1)-encoded multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a major role in disposition and efficacy of a broad range of drugs including anticancer agents. ABCB1 polymorphisms could therefore determine interindividual variability in resistance to these drugs. To test this hypothesis we developed a Saccharomyces-based assay for evaluating the functional significance of ABCB1 polymorphisms. The P-gp reference and nine variants carrying amino-acid–altering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested on medium containing daunorubicin, doxorubicin, valinomycin, or actinomycin D, revealing SNPs that increased (M89T, L662R, R669C, and S1141T) or decreased (W1108R) drug resistance. The R669C allele's highly elevated resistance was compromised when in combination with W1108R. Protein level or subcellular location of each variant did not account for the observed phenotypes. The relative resistance profile of the variants differed with drug substrates. This study established a robust new methodology for identification of function-altering polymorphisms in human multidrug transporter genes, identified polymorphisms affecting P-gp function, and provided a step toward genotype-determined dosing of chemotherapeutics.
Emerging Issues for Procedures in the Nuclear Industry

Procedures in the nuclear industry are likely to be driven by the technological advances in computers. Due to the increasing interest in automation, many human factors issues regarding the delivery of procedures are emerging. In existing American nuclear plants, for example, a major area of concern is the concurrent use of automated and hard-copy procedures. In future American nuclear plants, if all procedures are automated, issues of usability will be elicited. Because the technical database pertaining to the human factors aspects of procedure automation is sparse, individuals working in this domain face significant challenges.
Inability of dorsal spinal rhizotomy to prevent renal wrap hypertension in rats

Renal hypertension has been shown to be prevented and reversed by renal denervation. It has been postulated that the afferent nerves from the kidney are responsible for mediating the hypertensive stimulus that activates the sympathetic nervous system and increases arterial pressure. This study was designed to directly test the hypothesis that the afferent renal nerves are necessary for the development and maintenance of renal hypertension. In the first experiment, dorsal spinal rhizotomies or sham rhizotomies were performed in rats between T9 and L1, through which afferent renal nerves have been shown to traverse. After the one-kidney, one-wrap procedure, the increase in systolic arterial pressure and water intake was similar in the two groups of rats. To determine whether the removal of afferent renal nerves reversed the hypertensive process, animals with established renal hypertension were subjected to dorsal rhizotomy or the sham-rhizotomy procedure. Again, there was no significant effect on systolic arterial pressure and water intake. Although combined dorsal and ventral rhizotomy and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not affect the onset of hypertension, spinal transection at the level of C8 effectively prevented the rise in arterial pressure. Although efferent neural mechanisms contribute to the hypertensive process, these studies suggest that afferent renal nerves are not directly involved in the development and maintenance of one-kidney, one-wrap renal hypertension.
Dependence of SOL widths on plasma current and density in NSTX H-mode plasmas

The dependence of various SOL widths on the line-averaged density ({ovr n}{sub e}) and plasma current (l{sub p}) for the quiescent H-mode plasmas with Type-V ELMs in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) was investigated. It is found that the heat flux SOL width ({lambda}{sub q}), measured by the IR camera, is virtually insensitive to {ovr n}{sub e} and has a strong negative dependence on l{sub p}. This insensitivity of {lambda}{sub q} to {ovr n}{sub e} is consistent with the scaling law from JET H-mode plasmas that shows a very weak dependence on the upstream density. The electron temperature, ion saturation current density, electron density, and electron pressure decay lengths ({lambda}{sub Te}, {lambda}{sub jsat}, {lambda}{sub ne}, and {lambda}{sub pe}, respectively) measured by the probe showed that {lambda}{sub Te} and {lambda}{sub jsat} have strong negative dependence on l{sub p}, whereas {lambda}{sub ne} and {lambda}{sub pe} revealed only a little or no dependence. The dependence of {lambda}{sub Te} on l{sub p} is consistent with the scaling law in the literature while {lambda}{sub ne} and {lambda}{sub pe} dependence shows a different trend.
The Pedagogy and Problems of Jane Andrews’s The Seven Little Sisters Who Live on the Round Ball that Floats in the Air (1861)

This essay examines the interplay between Jane Andrews’s purpose and her pedagogy in The Seven Little Sisters Who Live on the Round Ball that Floats in the Air. The book demonstrates the teaching strategies she learned at the First State Normal in Massachusetts, moving from what the child knows to new material, engaging the child in personal observation and experiment, and introducing broad concepts before using precise terms. However, a sense of international children as distinctly “other” emerges from the author’s use of the white American reader as the point of comparison with the children of color she writes about.
Fertilizing potential of mouse spermatozoa cryopreserved in a medium containing whole eggs.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to improve survival of mouse spermatozoa through the cryopreservation process. In the first experiment, percentages of motile spermatozoa and fertilizing capacities of spermatozoa were evaluated when mouse spermatozoa were cryopreserved using three previously reported cryopreservation media: (1) 18% raffinose in 3% skim milk; (2) Tes/Tris medium containing 25% egg yolk and 1.25% glycerol; and (3) PBS containing 18% raffinose and 1.75% glycerol, each at three different cooling rates (−3, −10, and −50°C/min). Spermatozoa frozen in the skim milk/raffinose medium exhibited the highest percentage of motile spermatozoa (39%) when cells were frozen at −10°C/min ( P P P P > 0.05). In conclusion, freezing mouse spermatozoa in a medium containing 20% whole egg, 0.035% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 1.25% glycerol using a cooling rate of −10°C/min preserves the motility and fertilization capacity of mouse spermatozoa.
RECURRENCE PATTERNS AFTER RADICAL GASTRECTOMY FOR GASTRIC CANCER: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR POSTOPERATIVE ADJUVANT THERAPY

A recent Intergroup trial demonstrated a significant survival advantage of postgastrectomy chemoradiation in gastric cancer patients, primarily because of a reduction of a relative locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate exceeding 70% in control patients. Radical gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy may reduce LRR, possibly affecting adjuvant treatment strategies. Information on patients undergoing gastrectomy for potentially curable gastric cancer between 1990 and 2000 was reviewed. Patterns of first disease recurrence, survival, and disease-free survival were calculated, and predictors were identified. Gastrectomies were performed in 73 patients, with R0 resections in 82%. The median lymph node count was 24; positive nodes were found in 64% of patients. The median actuarial survival was 27 months, with a 5-year survival of 37%. Disease recurred in 35 patients (48%) after a median interval of 7 months (range, .5–67). Recurrent disease patterns included distant only (37%) peritoneal only (23%), peritoneal/locoregional (17%), all sites combined (14%), locoregional only (6%), and distant/locoregional (3%). Recurrence predictors were N3 category for distant recurrence (hazard ratio [RH], 10.2;P=.005), T3/4 category for peritoneal recurrence (HR, 4.8;P=.008), peritoneal relapse (HR, 40;P=.002), and a prior abdominal operation for LRR (HR, 3.2;P=.01). N2 disease had a distant failure risk similar to N1 status and an intraperitoneal failure risk similar to an N3 category. Isolated LRR of gastric cancer after gastrectomy and extended lymphadenectomy is rare in this series. Most recurrences appeared diffusely at distant or peritoneal sites, and most LRRs occurred in conjunction with relapse at extraregional sites. Pathologic predictors of intraperitoneal (T3/4) or systemic failure (>N1) could be used to guide individualized, risk-oriented, adjuvant treatment.
Enhancing classification accuracy via registration of discrete return LiDAR and aerial imagery using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization method

Description and quantification of a landscape or scene can be achieved by assessing its spectral and structural properties. Fusion of spectral information from aerial imagery and 3-D structural information from LiDAR point clouds allows us to integrate these two complementary characteristics. However, in any fusion method, alignment of data sets is crucial. We registered aerial color (RGB) imagery with LiDAR data by computing a homography matrix(H), using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization method. The root mean square error (RMSE) of registration was less than 0.5 m. The overall classification accuracy of our fusion based object extraction algorithm was also increased from 85% to 90%, when applied to a pre and post registered data set, respectively. In this paper, two different regions were selected to demonstrate the registration method and improved classification results.
The status of bats on Curaçao

Abstract The bat population of the island of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, was surveyed in 1992 and 1993. The 1993 survey concentrated mostly on caves, which were found to host most of the bats. Glossophaga longirostris elongata was the most abundant species with fewer than 2000 individuals encountered. However, this species may also be found in small groups in buildings and caves that were not censused. More critical is the status of the other six species found on the island: Leptonycteris curasoae (800–1000), Mormoops megalophylla intermedia (570–650), Natalus tumidirostris (50–60), and three species for which the number of individuals is unknown and probably low: Myotis nesopolus, Pteronotus davyi and Noctilio leporinus . Three caves contain all of the above species, except N. leporinus , and should be actively protected. Two species expected to be present on Curacao, Artibeus jamaicensis and Molossus pygmaeus , were not found. The apparent decrease in bat numbers this century is likely a result of uncontrolled cave disturbance and removal of resources through development. I propose that all species be considered endangered on the island of Curacao, except for Glossophaga longirostris , which is threatened.
Resonance Issues and Damping Techniques for Grid-Connected Inverters With Long Transmission Cable

An infinite source with series inductance is usually employed as a grid emulator in grid-connected distributed generation systems. Thus, high capacitance of a transmission cable (i.e., underground cable) is too significant to be neglected. As a result, the capacitance and inductance may cause system resonance, which, in turn, challenges system stability. This paper takes offshore wind farm as an example to investigate the resonance issues caused by the submarine transmission cable of the grid-connected generation system. Based on the submarine cable model, a series of considerable resonant peaks is found in the open-loop transfer function of the grid-connected system because of the high-order LC configuration. The resonant peaks are sensitive to the system setup, which is clearly investigated. To overcome the resonances, this paper proposes a cascaded notch-filter-based active damping method to guarantee a good system stability and robustness. Furthermore, the proposed controller employs a proportional-resonant component to reduce the steady-state error of the output current. The simulation and experimental results have validated the findings of resonances and the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Post‐operative esophageal leak treated with removable silicone‐covered polyester stent

SUMMARY. Self-expanding removable covered stents are increasingly being used for the treatment of benign esophageal diseases such as leaks or perforations and stenosis. They are easy to place and remove and good outcomes have been reported. We report a case of a postoperative esophageal leak successfully managed with a removable silicone-covered polyester stent.
Quinolinic Acid is Increased in CSF and Associated with Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans

We tested the hypothesis that quinolinic acid, a tryptophan-derived N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist produced by macrophages and microglia, would be increased in CSF after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans, and that this increase would be associated with outcome. We also sought to determine whether therapeutic hypothermia reduced CSF quinolinic acid after injury. Samples of CSF (n = 230) were collected from ventricular catheters in 39 patients (16 to 73 years old) during the first week after TBI, (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] < 8). As part of an ongoing study, patients were randomized within 6 hours after injury to either hypothermia (32 degrees C) or normothermia (37 degrees C) treatments for 24 hours. Otherwise, patients received standard neurointensive care. Quinolinic acid was measured by mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare CSF quinolinic acid concentrations with age, gender, GCS, time after injury, mortality, and treatment (hypothermia versus normothermia). Quinolinic acid concentration in CSF increased maximally to 463 +/- 128 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM) at 72 to 83 hours after TBI. Normal values for quinolinic acid concentration in CSF are less than 50 nmol/L. Quinolinic acid concentration was increased 5- to 50-fold in many patients. There was a powerful association between time after TBI and increased quinolinic acid (P < 0.00001), and quinolinic acid was higher in patients who died than in survivors (P = 0.003). Age, gender, GCS, and treatment (32 degrees C versus 37 degrees C) did not correlate with CSF quinolinic acid. These data reveal a large increase in quinolinic acid concentration in CSF after TBI in humans and raise the possibility that this macrophage-derived excitotoxin may contribute to secondary damage.
Wonder in a World of Struggle

If there is a new face to subjectivity, it may well be that of ontology. Where subjectivity once bracketed off questions of ontology (with the exception of visions of ontology operating in versions of subjectivity and epistemology), ontology now carries matters of subjectivity within a broader framework of ethics, meaning and becoming. Revisiting this historical submergence of ontology through the social psychological classic When Prophecy Fails, the paper inquires into how the split of epistemology and ontology was assumed fundamental to secularization, to repositioning knowledge and knower, world and wonder, and for which the question of prophecy played no small role. This revisiting asks: what did it mean to secure ideas of a rational psyche through oppositional registers of psychology vs religion or spirituality? If there is indeed an upturn in ontological interest, in approaches concerned with an “historical coming-into-being”, these long-assumed fundamental splits will assume new significance to matters of subjectivity.
A Checklist for the Development of Faculty Mentorship Programs

Mentoring of junior faculty members continues to be a widespread need in academic pharmacy in both new programs and established schools. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Joint Council Task Force on Mentoring was charged with gathering information from member colleges and schools and from the literature to determine best practices that could be shared with the academy. The task force summarized their findings regarding the needs and responsibilities for mentors and proteges at all faculty levels; what mentoring pieces are in existence, which need improvement, and which need to be created; and how effective mentoring is defined and could be measured. Based on these findings, the task force developed several recommendations as well as the PAIRS Faculty Mentorship Checklist. Academic institutions can benefit from the checklist whether they are planning to implement a faculty mentorship program or are interested in modifying existing programs.
Sparse Locally-Jammed Disk Packings

We construct arbitrarily sparse locally-jammed packings of non-overlapping congruent disks in various finite area regions—in particular, we give constructions for the square, hexagon, and for certain flat tori.
Simulation of Bubble Dynamics in Sub-Cooled Boiling on Fuel Clad in PWRs

The crud deposition on nuclear fuel assembly cladding generally increases the resistance to heat transfer, which may result in deterioration of thermal performance, degradation of the fuel cladding, and an axial power shift, i.e. Axial Offset Anomaly (AOA). Crud formation continues to elude prediction. An operational difficulty, of not being able to accurately determine power safety margin, then arises. In some cases, this condition has required decreasing the core power by as much as thirty percent, hence, resulting in considerable loss of revenue for the utility. The specific purpose of this study is to examine bubble dynamics, flow characteristics of the surrounding fluid, and its impact on the formation of the curd. The presence of a bubble on the clad surface affects the flow field around it, particularly in forming a stagnant flow region behind the bubble. The temperature difference between the bubble and the bulk coolant surrounding it causes vaporization at the bubble-clad interface and condensation at its apex. Pure water is thereby moved into the bubble through vaporization resulting in the concentration of solutes in the water at the bubble/wall surface region, which may cause their precipitation on and/or attachment to the clad surface, thereby initiating crud deposition.more » We investigate analytically and numerically, the growth of a bubble in the boundary layer and the influence of the bubble on the flow. Because of the small bubble size, a spherical model of the bubble is selected for our research. A two-step calculation is applied to this model. In the first step, bubble growth is estimated analytically with omission of the effect of the bulk fluid velocity, a reasonable approximation. In the second step, the flow field around the stationary bubble is obtained through numerical methods. Some parameters in PWR operating condition have been determined approximately e.g. size of the bubble, boundary layer thickness, flow velocity and drag forces on the bubble. (authors)« less
Community Violence Exposure and Adolescent Delinquency: Examining a Spectrum of Promotive Factors.

This study examined whether promotive factors (future expectations, family warmth, school attachment, and neighborhood cohesion) moderated relationships between community violence exposure and youth delinquency. Analyses were conducted using N = 2,980 sixth to eighth graders (Mage = 12.48; 41.1% males) from a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse sample. After controlling for demographic factors, delinquency was positively associated with community violence exposure and inversely associated with each of the promotive factors. When interaction effects between all promotive factors and community violence exposure were examined simultaneously, only future expectations moderated the relationship between community violence exposure and delinquency. Specifically, community violence exposure had a weaker association with delinquency for youth reporting high versus low levels of future expectations. RESULTS indicate that while promotive factors from family, school, and neighborhood domains are related to lower rates of delinquency, only future expectations served as a protective factor that specifically buffered youth from the risk effects of community violence exposure. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
Design patterns: an essential component of CS curricula

The field of software patterns has seen an explosion in interest in the last three years. Work to date has been on the recognition, cataloging, and finding of patterns with little attention to the use of patterns, especially by students and practitioners not well-versed in object-oriented technologies. This project addresses pattern use through the development of several programming and pedagogical frameworks that supply support for using patterns throughout a computer science curriculum. Although we do not claim that patterns are Brooks' silver bullet [10], their use can help cope with the accidental complexity of software development and, we argue, their use is essential for a successful adoption of object-oriented techniques in academic computer science programs. This project addresses practical concerns of the computer science and software engineering communities in using, teaching, and learning patterns. In this paper we argue that patterns are an essential programming and pedagogical tool and report on our work in making them accessible to the educational community.
The tumour microenvironment: a novel target for cancer therapy.

Cancer therapy is in the midst of a major paradigm shift. Traditionally, cancer treatments have focused on tumour cells. However, studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that cancer is a vastly complex entity with multiple components affecting a tumour’s growth, invasion and metastasis. These components, collectively termed the ‘tumour microenvironment’, include endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, leucocytes and elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Biological agents that target components of the tumour microenvironment may provide an interesting alternative to traditional tumour cell-directed therapy. Because of the complexity of the tumour milieu, the most beneficial therapy will likely involve the combination of one or more agents directed at this new target. This review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies involving agents that target tumour vasculature, leucocytes, pericytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts and ECM components. We pay particular attention to combination therapies targeting multiple components of the tumour microenvironment, and aim to demonstrate that this strategy holds promise for the future of cancer treatment.
Fibroblasts from a patient with Leprechaunism are resistant to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) as well as Insulin

Leprechaunism is characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation and insulin resistance. We have reported (JCEM 48:495, 1979) that Leprechaun fibroblasts have diminished DNA synthesis in response to insulin or serum, despite apparently normal binding of 125I-insulin and 125I-somatomedin-C. The doubling time of Leprechaun fibroblasts is prolonged (96 vs 48 hrs.), suggesting an aberrant growth mechanism(s). To further characterize the defect in this syndrome, we compared the metabolic responses of Leprechaun and normal skin fibroblasts in culture. Stimulation of 3H-glucose uptake was minimal with low insulin (1-10 ng/ml) relative to control cells, but was comparable at higher insulin concentrations (1-10 μg/ml). Insulin-stimulated 3H-aminoisobutyric acid (3H-AIB) uptake by Leprechaun cells was less than normal at all concentrations tested. Defective responses of Leprechaun cells were not limited to insulin, since EGF also had diminished effects on 3H-AIB uptake and DNA synthesis. 125I-EGF binding, however, was normal. Conclusions: 1) In addition to defective responses to insulin, fibroblasts from our patient are resistant to the effects of EGF. 2) Since receptors for these peptides are apparently normal, it is likely that these cells have a post-receptor defect. 3) We speculate that Leprechaun cells have an alteration in a metabolic pathway which is involved in the action of multiple growth factors.
Anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle: Clinical pitfalls and extracardiac anomalies

Seven patients with anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle are presented to emphasize possible pitfalls in the clinical diagnosis as based on physical examination, chest x ray, and electrocardiogram. Echocardiography, on the other hand, revealed abnormalities in all four of the patients on whom the study was done. The echocardiogram was directly responsible for a change in diagnosis and referral for a cardiac catheterization in one patient who had been followed for 19 years with the clinical diagnosis of a small ventricular septal defect. Four of the seven patients with anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle had extracardiac anomalies, one girl with an absent left thumb, and three patients, one girl and two boys, with left-sided renal anomalies. This high incidence of renal anomalies has not been previously reported in clinical or postmortem series.
Fractal analysis of track geometry data

An ongoing FRA-sponsored research project at the University of Massachusetts has been exploring the use of fractal analysis of track geometry data for indicating track geometry condition, planning maintenance, and evaluating the cause of substructure-related problems. Results indicate that fractal analysis is able to provide unique numerical values (fractal dimensions) that characterize railway track geometry patterns, can discern different orders of roughness within track geometry data, and is effective for maintenance management by providing independent fractal parameters for trend analysis and geometry deterioration assessment. Fractal theory is discussed, and the usefulness of fractal analysis for quantifying railroad geometry data is demonstrated by highlighting key aspects of the research results. The relationship between track structure conditions and fractal dimensions for use in maintenance planning and condition evaluation is also discussed.