cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symmetry of Ground State in a Dilute Magnetic Metal Alloy

It is proved that the spin of the ground state of a magnetic atom having exchange interaction with a nonmagnetic host metal is $s\ensuremath{\mp}\frac{1}{2}$, where $s=\mathrm{spin}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{noninteracting}\mathrm{magnetic}\mathrm{atom}$, the upper sign is appropriate to antiferromagnetic coupling, and the lower, to ferromagnetic coupling. This result is generalized to any number of conduction bands and to nonpointlike impurities, provided that the exchange interactions with the number of conduction bands, or with the various partial waves, are all of the same sign. For $p$ such bands or partial waves, the result is that the ground-state $\mathrm{spin}=|s\ensuremath{\mp}\frac{1}{2}p|$.
Reasons for Delay in Seeking Treatment for Acute Asthma: The Patient's Perspective

Increased morbidity and mortality due to asthma suggested the need to investigate whether persons with asthma report delay in seeking medical care during acute asthma exacerbations and the reasons they gave for delay. We interviewed 95 asthmatic adults, 36 men and 59 women, using a critical incident technique to discover how patients responded to acute asthma symptom episodes. Subjects were interviewed once per month for a total of three interviews. All subjects had physician-diagnosed asthma for a mean of 16.8 ± 14.5 years. Eighty-six percent of the sample (n = 82) reported delay in seeking medical care for severe asthma symptoms. Seven reasons for delay were identified: uncertainty, disruption, minimization, fear of systemic corticosteroid, previous bad experiences in emergency departments, the need to “tough it out” alone, and economic reasons. Seventy-one subjects (86.5%) reported three or more reasons for delay. Thirteen subjects (16%) identified pivotal episodes in which they realized they could die...
Suppression of aberrant transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 expression in hyperproliferative colonic crypts by dietary calcium

Dietary calcium is believed to reduce colon cancer risk, but the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. Employing the Citrobacter rodentium-induced transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) model, we previously showed that a high-calcium diet (hCa) significantly abrogated hyperplasia in the distal colons of NIH-Swiss mice. Here, we explored the mechanism of dietary protection by hCa by analyzing the expression of genes involved in the regulation of Ca uptake/flux in the intestinal epithelium, including the Ca-sensing receptor, vitamin D receptor, Ca binding protein, and transient receptor potential cation channels, subfamily V, members 5 and 6 (TRPV5/6). Interestingly, while TRPV6 expression increased significantly during TMCH, the expression of the other gene products was unchanged. This elevated TRPV6 expression was significantly abrogated by a hCa diet. Immunofluorescence revealed apical membrane localization of TRPV6 in the normal colon, whereas during TMCH we observed intense apical pole and cytoplasmic staining along the entire longitudinal crypt axis, including the expanded proliferating zone. The hCa diet reversed this effect. In humans, overexpression of TRPV6 was associated with early-stage colon cancer, and in colon carcinoma cells, inhibition of TRPV6 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited their proliferation and induced apoptosis. TRPV6 small interfering RNA also diminished the transcriptional activity of the calcium-dependent nuclear factors in activated T cells. Thus the aberrant overexpression of TRPV6 contributes to colonic crypt hyperplasia in mice and to colon cancer cell proliferation in humans. Therefore, it is likely that suppression of TRPV6 by a hCa diet is required for its protective effects in the colon.
TRAVEL SIMULATORS FOR DATA COLLECTION ON DRIVER BEHAVIOR IN THE PRESENCE OF INFORMATION

Abstract Understanding traveler response to potential ATIS services is critical for designing such services and evaluating their effectiveness. Extensive data is required for developing the models necessary to provide this understanding. In this paper we examine one source of such data: traveler simulators. We make a distinction between travel simulators, used to study the travelers response to information acquisition, and driving simulators, which are elaborate tools used mainly for human factors research. Traveler simulators have the potential to provide a wealth of data collected relatively inexpensively under controlled conditions. However the data may suffer from biases introduced because of the laboratory nature of travel simulators. We examine various existing simulators and comment on their advantages and disadvantages. We make recommendations for simulator design characteristics that increase the reliability of the data collected and suggest enhancements so that current simulators can be used for the collection of data related to access and acquisition of ATIS products as well. We conclude the paper with recommendations for future research in the area.
Light and electron microscopy of the adrenal medulla of macaca mulata monkey

The fine structure of the adrenal medulla of Macaca mulata monkey was studied after double fixation with paraformaldehyde and OsO4; other fixations were employed for comparison. Only one cell type was seen. The cytoplasm contained an uneven distribution of chromaffin vesicles which were either spherical or elongated and 0.1–0.3 μ in diameter. There were two principle vesicle categories: dark and compact forms which comprised the majority (about 80%) and lighter, mostly larger, vesicles with a finely granulated appearance. The Golgi apparatus was often seen in relatively clear areas where few other organelles were present. Vesicles, 0.1–0.2 μ in diameter, which stained heterogeneously were also observed. They were few in number and always associated with the Golgi apparatus. The chromaffin cells lay in close proximity, but in no specific relationship, to thin-walled blood vessels. Nerve endings which were partially embraced by Schwann cells were in synaptic relation to the chromaffin cells. These findings are compared with previous observations in other mammals and the nature of the dark and light vesicles is discussed.
Using Content Analysis Projects in the Introduction to Criminal Justice Classroom.

analyze presentations of specific players in the criminal justice system, including criminals, victims, police, and lawyers. Students were then required to compare the media presentation with reality, as derived from the criminological literature. This article demonstrates that this type of project can address course objectives of introducing students to the criminal justice system. Further, the project is consistent with constructivist teaching practices. Included in the article is a description of the project, justification for the project, specific project details, examples of students' projects, students' assessment of the project, and what students learned. The final section presents a personal reflection about the project, including recommendations.
Regulation of erythrocyte membrane shape by Ca2

Abstract In the presence of 1.0 mM ATP and MgCl2, the specific viscosity of suspensions of human erythrocyte ghosts decreases 35% in 20 minutes at 22°C. The changes in viscosity are a sensitive index of Mg-ATP dependent shape changes in these membranes. Low concentrations of Ca2+ (1 to 5 μM) inhibit Mg-ATP dependent viscosity changes. If ghosts were preincubated with 1 mM Mg-ATP and 20 μM A23187 to produce a maximal decrease in viscosity, addition of 10 μM Ca2+ to the preincubated ghosts increased the viscosity to levels observed in ghosts preincubated without ATP. Ca2+ (1 to 5 μM) also inhibited Mg2+ dependent phosphorylation 30% and stimulated dephosphorylation 25% in ghost membranes. These effects of Ca2+ on viscosity and phosphorylation may be due to a membrane bound Ca2+ phosphatase activity which dephosphorylates membranes phosphorylated by a Mg2+ dependent kinase activity.
Eigenchannel quantum-defect theory of open-shell atoms. I. Autoionization resonances and eigenphase shifts of chlorine.

A multichannel quantum-defect theory focused on the time-delay matrix is applied to the analysis of Rydberg levels and autoionization resonances of the chlorine atom. The analysis shows that recently observed photoionization cross sections above the 3${p}^{4}$${(\mathrm{}}^{3}$P) threshold of the chlorine ion may be interpreted in terms of unresolved groups of resonances with three different total angular momenta J and approximately the same energy. Experimental data of Rydberg levels were used to determine the phase shift of the collisional eigenstate (quantum defect) and the time-delay matrix for the electron-ion scattering process. The LS coupling scheme is assumed for the electron + ion compound state. The channel interaction strengths and dipole matrix elements of even-parity states relevant to electron-ion collisional and recombination processes are obtained. The branching ratio of photoelectrons is calculated.
Inhibition of granulosa cell differentiation by dioctanoylglycerol--a novel activator of protein kinase C.

Abstract The actions of dioctanoylglycerol, a novel and specific activator of protein kinase C, on granulosa cell steroidogenesis and LH/hCG receptor induction were examined in vitro. Granulosa cells were cultured for 2 days in media containing 100 nM androstenedione. FSH treatment stimulated progesterone, 20α-hy-droxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20α-OH-P) and estrogen production by 60- to 80-fold over basal levels. Treatment with dioctanoylglycerol increased progesterone production 3-fold over basal levels but failed to affect 20α-OH-P or estrogen production. Concomitant treatment of cells with FSH and increasing amounts of dioctanoylglycerol produced dose-dependent inhibition of FSH-stimulated progesterone, 20α-OH-P and estrogen production with IC50 values of 75, 40 and 50 μM, respectively. Dioctanoylglycerol also inhibited production of all three steroids induced by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, and dibutyryl cAMP. The effects of dioctanoylglycerol on cAMP responses to FSH were also examined. The increase in both intracellular and extracellular cAMP at l h following treatment with FSH was suppressed in the presence of dioctanoylglycerol as was the extracellular accumulation of cAMP at 48 h of culture. FSH induction of LH/hCG receptors, known to be a cAMP-mediated event, was also inhibited in the presence of dioctanoylglycerol. In contrast, a thio-derivative of dioctanoylglycerol (3-thio-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol), which does not activate protein kinase C, failed to inhibit both steroidogenesis and LH/hCG receptor induction in response to FSH. These results suggest that activation of protein kinase C inhibits gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis and that this inhibition occurs at two distinct sites, the gonadotropin receptor/adenylate cyclase complex and a site distal to the generation of cAMP.
Use of Local 111In-Capromab Pendetide Scan Results to Predict Outcome After Salvage Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose The 111 In-capromab pendetide scan (ProstaScint; Cytogen Corp., Princeton NJ) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to evaluate increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after radical prostatectomy. This study evaluated the role of prostate bed 111 In-capromab pendetide scan findings to predict response to salvage radiotherapy (RT). Methods and Materials Forty patients who had PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy and a 111 In-capromab pendetide scan immediately before salvage prostate bed RT (median, 66 Gy) were identified from the Duke Prostate Center database. Patients with distant uptake of capromab pendetide or long-term androgen deprivation therapy were excluded. Median follow-up after salvage RT was 2.7 years. Patient demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics; PSA values; and 111 In-capromab pendetide scan results were retrospectively analyzed. A PSA failure after salvage RT was defined as PSA level greater than 0.2 ng/ml. Data were combined with other published results in a secondary pooled analysis of 106 patients. Results 111 In-Capromab pendetide findings included 20 patients with negative scan results and 20 with locally positive scan results. Two-year progression-free survival rates were 60% for patients with a negative scan result and 74% for those with a locally positive scan result ( p = 0.49). Combined analysis did not show a difference in outcome based on local 111 In-capromab pendetide scan result. Conclusion For patients without distant signal detected by using 111 In-capromab pendetide scan, patients with locally positive scan findings did not have statistically different progression-free survival than those with a negative scan result, suggesting that salvage RT may be successful in patients with either a locally positive or negative 111 In-capromab pendetide scan result.
Production physiology of three native shrubs intercropped in a young longleaf pine plantation

The objective of this study was to evaluate how competition would affect the physiology, and thus productivity of American beautyberry (Callicar- pa americana L.), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera (L.) Small) and inkberry (Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray) when intercropped in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantation in the southeastern United States. The effect of competition was assessed via comparisons of mortality, biomass, light transmittance, gas exchange and soil moisture between intercropping and mono- culture (treeless) treatments. Overall, shrubs in the intercropping treatment performed worse than those in the monoculture, with higher mortality, and reductions in biomass of 75.5, 50.6, and 68.7% for C. americana, M. cerifera and I. glabra, respectively. Root-shoot ratios for all species were significantly higher and soil moisture during dry periods was significantly lower in the intercropping treatment. Light transmittance below the pine canopy was high (57.7%) and I. glabra was the only species that exhibited reduced Amax when belowground resources were not limiting. These results suggest that the effect of shading is minimal and belowground competition is likely the most important determinant of productivity in this system.
Organophosphorous additive for fortification, processibility, and flame retardance of epoxy resins

Amine-cured epoxy resins are prepared containing an aliphatic phosphonate additive which aids in the processing of the epoxy by reducing the viscosity of the resin mixture. The additive also acts as an antiplasticizer in the cured epoxy by increasing the modulus and yield strength under uniaxial tension and compression. Additionally, phosphonates are known to behave as flame retardants and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) demonstrates a reduction in the rate of thermal degradation and the heat-release rate upon pyrolysis. Addition of the antiplasticizer reduces the Tg and suppressed β-relaxations, while effectively increasing the density of the material. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 302–309, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10329
Value of Earth Science Monographs for Instruction and Research

Over several decades, publishers have produced many monographs in the earth sciences. Monographs in the fields of geomorphology and climatology, especially, have had a significant impact on learning, teaching, and research. The frequent occurrence of earth science titles in college course syllabi shows the value of monographs for instruction. Colleges in the United States and India, in particular, use titles from a standard book list in geography for background reading and reference. Further, course syllabi indicate titles that are used in both beginning and advanced courses. Data indexed in the Web of Science show that many monographs in geomorphology and climatology have been beneficial for research as well. Monographs published in the early to middle twentieth century are frequently cited in prominent journals. In addition, citation data show that many older titles are used in contemporary research as recent as 2011 and 2012. Data from the Web of Science also bear out the relevance of earth science mon...
Chain of Radio Sources near 4C 19.15

Peckham and Palmer1 have reported the discovery of a chain of six radio sources consisting of 4C 19.15, PKS 0531 + 19 and four previously unknown sources. The interest in such a discovery lies, of course, in the possibility that the sources are physically associated rather than randomly juxtaposed. Such an association would be particularly relevant to the argument that quasars are anomalous objects that have been ejected from nearby galaxies.
The effect of early social experience on male sexual behaviour of androgen injected turkeys

Abstract The object of this study was to determine the effect of early social experience on the patterns and levels of sexual behaviour and on the stimuli releasing sexual patterns. Androgen injected male and female turkeys were studied from hatching through 5–8 weeks of age. Twenty-eight birds lived in grouped environments, while 21 others were reared under conditions of intraspecific visual isolation. Sixteen additional birds were raised in groups for a period of time post-hatching, and then visually isolated for the duration of the experiment. Various stimulus objects were used as sexual releasers in several tests during the experiment. These included a poult head, a poult body without the head, the observer's hand, and several inanimate objects. Complete strutting patterns were exhibited by some birds in each treatment category prior to or during their first test. Of 8 males in the isolated and group-isolated categories which showed fully organised “copulatory movements” at some time during the experimental period, 7 did so during their first test with an appropriate stimulus. Further, the sexual reaction of a bird to a particular stimulus object generally was consistent and did not increase in repeated tests during the course of the experiment. Hence, it is concluded that the development of the pattern of sexual behaviour is not dependent upon early social or sexual experience. Treatment differences were most notable with respect to the stimuli which released sexual behaviour. In a preference test, no bird in any treatment category responded preferentially to the headless body. Those birds with early group experience reacted predominantly to the head model, which is in accord with what has been observed in normally reared adult males. However, birds reared in isolation gave sexual responses predominantly to the observer's hand. Hence, it is concluded that early social experience markedly modifies the releasing value of sexual stimuli. Under the test conditions of this experiment, ratings for levels of apparent sexual behaviour would be, from highest to lowest: group-isolated, isolated and grouped birds. However, it is pointed out that expression of the sexual potential of the population is dependent upon: (1) avoidance behaviour; (2) the appropriateness of the stimulus; (3) the temporary response potential resulting from the degree of recent stimulation. The data were re-evaluated in terms of a conceptual model which incorporated only these factors and the sex differences in sensitivity to androgen injections. Application of the model to the data strongly suggests that transient test conditions rather than prolonged differential social or sexual experiences contributed to the apparent differences in levels of response.
Create Comprehensive and Collaborative Systems

The development of comprehensive and collaborative service systems for children with serious emotional disturbance and their families from the advocacy of the 1960s to its current status is reviewed. These systems represent a coalition of the child-serving agencies (education, mental health, child welfare, and juvenile justice), health care, the practitioners in these agencies, and the families that they serve. A detailed description of an empirically supported model system operating in Vermont is presented along with other state models. Challenges in creating and maintaining comprehensive and collaborative systems along with recommended strategies for overcoming these challenges are described.
Mechanism of low temperature hot corrosion: Burner rig studies

Abstract The unexpectedly rapid corrosion induced by Na 2 SO 4 , which has been observed in recent years on gas turbine components operating in the range 600–730°C, has been studied in burner rig tests. The microstructural features and kinetics of this mode of attack are shown to occur on nickel or cobalt base superalloys and coatings only when the gaseous environment contains sufficient SO 3 to form a liquid eutectic between Na 2 SO 4 and CoSO 4 .
Antibody response of ewes and does to chimeric sheep-goat pregnancy.

Antibody production was evaluated in 62 recipients of blastomere-aggregation sheep-goat embryos, including 23 multiparous ewes, 21 multiparous does, 16 primiparous does, and 2 virgin does. The reactivity of sera collected weekly after the embryo transfer surgery was compared to that of sera collected prior to the embryo transfer by means of 1) complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests against peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from the parents of the embryo(s) and from random-bred sheep and goats, 2) hemagglutination and hemolytic assays with red blood cells (RBCs) from the two sires of the embryo(s), and 3) assays with PBLs and RBCs following absorptions with RBCs and PBLs from the parents and offspring. Although cross-reactivity to ovine and caprine PBL antigens was present in the control sera of some recipients, xenogeneic immunization during pregnancy was detected in 20 of 30 recipients that experienced term pregnancy. The xenogeneic response involved the production of antibody that reacted with both PBLs and RBCs. Allogeneic responses to RBCs were not observed, but allogeneic responses to PBLs occurred frequently, beginning after the onset of the xenogeneic response in most recipients (98 + 28 vs. 57 + 15 days in ewes; 93 + 23 vs. 46 - 7 days in does; mean day of onset + SD). The onsets of the responses were examined in conjunction with data collected on fetal and placental chimerism to evaluate possible routes of immunization. The onsets of the allogeneic responses and the limited serum reactivity to third-party PBLs suggested that fetal lymphocytes leaking across the placenta immunized the recipients to parentally inherited polymorphic antigens. The xenogeneic responses were associated with placental chimerism and appeared to involve the recognition of a species-specific monomorphic antigen shared by PBLs and RBCs. Neither of the responses appeared to affect continuation of pregnancy to term.
Gender and the Development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Contributions of Physical Abuse and Early Family Environment

Research is needed to understand the role of gender in the stability, course and etiology of antisocial behavior. Family environment, given its proximal association with children's behavior, holds great promise in understanding risk for antisocial behavior. The present study examined the role of parental acceptance and emotional responsivity as assessed using the HOME, caregiver report of intimate partner violence (IPV), and levels of physical abuse as assessed using the Conflict Tactics Scales, on subsequent symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), a childhood disorder characterized by antisocial behavior. Data were drawn from Waves 1-3, cohorts 3 and 6 of the Project for Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Results suggest only minor gender differences in levels of ODD symptoms, with equal rates of stability from Wave 2 to 3 in symptom levels. For boys and girls, IPV was associated with an increased risk of ODD symptoms, and higher acceptance was associated with reduced risk of ODD symptoms. However, gender differences emerged in the impact of physical abuse and emotional responsiveness, in that the former was a significant predictor for girls only, and the latter was significant for boys only. Potential implications for these findings, including the role of gender socialization are discussed.
Functional group effects on metal–organic framework topology

Functionalization of the ligand 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) has been realized with methoxy (H3BTB–[OMe]3) and hydroxy (H3BTB–[OH]3) groups. Combining H3BTB–[OMe]3 and Zn(II) results in the formation of the first isostructural, functionalized analogue of MOF-177 (MOF-177–OMe), while the combination of H3BTB–[OH]3 and Zn(II) generates a rare, interpenetrated pcu-e framework.
Purification and immunological characterization of reverse transcriptase associated with hepatitis non-A, non-B

Abstract The infectious viral particles present in a hepatitis non-A, non-B patient serum (inoculum I) were sedimented by centrifugation. Following detergent disruption, the particle-associated reverse transcriptase in the sediment was fractionated by affinity chromatography and characterized by immunoblot analyses and radioimmunoprecipitation. By using specific antibodies to simian sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase, a cross-reactive protein of 80,000 daltons was detected in inoculum I, but not in a control serum. During affinity chromatography of the viral lysate on oligo(dC) cellulose (either stepwise or gradient elution), the reverse transcriptase was eluted by 0.2–0.3 m KC1. The reverse transcriptase thus purified was immunoprecipitated by antisera to reverse transcriptase from type C mammalian retroviruses, including simian sarcoma virus (SSV), RD114, baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), and Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV). No significant immunoprecipitate was obtained with antisera to reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) or type B and type D viruses. These results indicate that the reverse transcriptase purified from hepatitis non-A, non-B serum shares one or more determinants with other type C mammalian virus reverse transcriptases.
Transformation of a “Revolution from Below”–Bolivia and International Capital

A nationalist coalition with middle-class leadership seized control of the Bolivian state in 1952. Uprisings immediately broke out in the countryside, and peasants seized lands previously held in large estates. In response to pressure from below, the new government in 1953 initiated an agrarian reform that destroyed the economic base of the landed oligarchy. It also reorganized old agrarian institutions and created new ones to serve the rural poor. Yet government policies a short while after the revolution ceased to favor the peasantry.
Computing how we became human

With our ability to sequence entire genomes, we have for the first time the opportunity to compare the genomes of present day species, and deduce the trajectories by which they diversified from a common ancestral genome. For example, starting with a small shrew-like ancestor in the Cretaceous period about 100 million years ago, the different species of placental mammals radiated outward, creating a stunning diversity of forms from whales to armadillos to humans. From the genomes of present-day species, it is possible to computationally reconstruct what most of the DNA bases in the genome of the common ancestor of placental mammals must have looked like, and deduce most of the changes that lead to humans. In so doing, we discover how Darwinian evolution has shaped us at the molecular level. Because most random mutations to functionally important regions of DNA reduce fitness, these changes usually disappear over time, in a process known as negative selection. From its unusually high conservation between species, it is immediately evident that at least 5% of the human genome has been under negative selection during most of mammalian evolution, and is hence likely to be functionally important. Protein-coding genes and structural RNA genes stand out among the negatively selected regions because of their distinctive pattern of restricted DNA base substitutions, insertions and deletions. However, most of the DNA under negative selection in mammalian genomes, and indeed in vertebrate genomes in general, does not appear to be part of protein-coding or structural RNA genes, and shares no sequence similarity with any DNA in the genomes of invertebrates. Experimental evidence suggests that many of these unclassified vertebrate-conserved DNA elements serve to regulate genes involved in embryonic development. A significant amount of this material appears to have been put into place by the movement of transposons, mobile DNA elements that are derived from ancient viruses, the remnants of which constitute at least half of our genome. This provides new evidence for older theories of McClintock and later Britten and Davidson that mobile DNA elements played a significant role in the evolution of plant and animal gene regulatory networks. Overlaid on the background of negative selection, we occasionally see a short segment of DNA that has changed rapidly in a particular lineage, suggesting possible positive selection for a modified function in that lineage. The most dramatic example of this in the last 5 million years of human evolution occurs in a previously unstudied RNA gene expressed in the developing cerebral cortex, known as Human Accelerated Region 1 (HAR1). This gene is turned on only in a select set of neurons, during the time in fetal development when these neurons orchestrate the formation of the substantially larger cortex of the human brain. It will be many years before the biology of such examples is fully understood, but right now we relish the opportunity to get a first peek at the molecular tinkering that transmuted our animal ancestors into humans.
Short and Medium Term Durability Evaluation of FRP-Confined Circular Concrete

Evaluation of environmental durability of concrete circular specimens strengthened using externally applied fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) composites for confinement reinforcement was studied. FRP-confined concrete cylinder tests were carried out for various environmental exposure conditions including interior, exterior, and freeze–thaw cycling in saltwater. Two types of resin matrix-based FRP composite systems, including epoxy and urethane resin, utilizing either carbon or glass fibers were used. In addition, continuous single and double layer wrapping schemes were applied for confinement for each of the four FRP composite systems. The overall stress–strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete does not change fundamentally but different levels of exposure significantly affect its absolute stress–strain curve. The radial strain and corresponding axial strain at the point of zero volumetric strain is significantly affected by different levels of environmental exposure. It is proposed that the relative FRP com...
Acculturation, Body Perception, and Weight Status Among Vietnamese American Students

The effects of acculturation, body perception, and health behaviors on weight status among Vietnamese American students in Houston, Texas were examined for our research. A survey was mailed to 600 randomly selected Vietnamese American students at one university, and 261 complete surveys (response rate, 43.5%) were used for final analyses. Respondents were classified as overweight or normal weight based on the World Health Organization recommended overweight cutoff for Asians (BMI of 23 kg/m2). About 32% of respondents were overweight. Men, undergraduate students, and those with an acceptable body perception were more likely to be overweight. Nativity and its interaction with length of US residence were significant predictors of weight status after controlling for other variables. Foreign-born respondents were less likely to be overweight than US-born respondents, but the risk of being overweight with increasing years of US residence was much greater for the foreign-born than for the US-born. The results suggest the need for culturally tailored overweight and obesity prevention programs for Vietnamese Americans.
Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on vitamin D3 metabolism in vitamin D3-resistant new world primates

We investigated the occurrence of rickets in adolescent tamarins (Saguinus imperator) residing at the Los Angeles Zoo. Compared to tamarins in the same colony without clinical evidence of bone disease (N = 6), rachitic platyrrhines (N = 3) had a decrease in their serum calcium concentration (P < .05). The affected tamarins also had lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) levels than did nonaffected colony mates, but 2-10-fold higher concentrations than in Old World primates of a comparable developmental stage. New World primates in many different genera are known to exhibit target organ resistance to the active vitamin D3 metabolite, 1,25-(OH)2D3, compensated by maintenance of high circulating concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The relatively low serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentration in rachitic tamarins and ultraviolet B radiation deficient environment of these primates suggested that bone disease may be linked to a deficiency in substrate for 1,25-(OH)2D3, 25 hydroxyvtamin D3 (25-OHD3). Chronic exposure of platyrrhines in three different vitamin D resistant genera to an artificial UVB source resulted in 1) a significant increase in the mean serum 25-OHD3 (P < .001) and 1,25-(OH)2D3 (P < .02) level over that encountered in platyrrhines not exposed to UVB; and 2) prevention of rachitic bone disease in irradiated individuals. These data further show that the serum 25-OHD3 and 1,25-OH2D3 levels are positively correlated in vitamin D-resistant platyrrhines (r = 0.64; P= .0014) and suggest that a compromise in cutaneous vitamin D3 production by means of UVB deprivation may limit necessary 1,25-(OH)2D3 production. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ingestive Behavior of Meat and Egg-Type Chickens: Equal Sensitivity to Naloxone

Abstract The efficacy of the opioid antagonist naloxone in attenuating ingestive behavior in stocks of chickens genetically selected for either meat (Rock-Cornish, RC) or egg production (Single-Comb White Leghorn, SCWL) was investigated. Because the stocks differ markedly in growth rate, two experiments were conducted to compare RC and SCWL cockerels at similar body weights and at the same age. Birds were injected intramuscularly with either isotonic saline or naloxone HCl at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Food and water were offered ad libitum 15 min postinjection. In RC and SCWL stocks of similar body weight, naloxone significantly attenuated cumulative food and water intake through 210 min following the return of food and water. When administered to RC and SCWL stocks of the same age, naloxone significantly attenuated cumulative food intake for 300 min and cumulative water intake at 60 and 120 min. The relatively long-term depressions in cumulative food and water intake were attributable to significant decreases in incremental consumption within early time periods. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of naloxone in attenuating ingestive behavior when the stocks were compared at either similar body weights or at the same age. The results demonstrate that genetic selection for meat or egg production has not significantly altered opioid mechanisms regulating food and water intake in the domestic fowl.
In vitro and in vivo transplantation of fetal rat brain cells following incubation with various anatomic tracing substances

Implantation of fetal brain regional anlage into host brains ('brain transplantation') holds promise as a plausible treatment for certain human neurodegenerative disorders. Improvements in experimental brain transplantation techniques include: (1) utilization of brain cells in tissue culture as opposed to freshly prepared cell suspensions as a transplantation source, (2) prelabeling of fetal brain cells with inert, non-toxic tracer substances to allow subsequent (a) unequivocal identification of those cells as being fetally derived, and (b) anatomical and immunohistochemical identification of transplanted neurons, and (3) development of in vitro models for transplantation to allow physiological studies of connections formed between fetal neurons and host brain tissue. We examined the ability of brain cell suspensions derived from rat fetuses 15-17 gestational days old to accumulate and retain anatomic tracing substances, including Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres (RLM) and fluorogold (FG). All tracers were rapidly accumulated by fetal brain cells, but only PHA-L and RLM were retained following implantation into adult hosts or in tissue culture in vitro. PHA-L-labeled fetal brain cells transplanted in vivo showed morphological characteristics similar to fetal neurons kept in tissue culture in vitro. RLM- or PHA-L-labeled fetal brain cells can be co-cultured with rat brain slices maintained in long-term roller culture. This in vitro system will allow identification and physiological or immunohistochemical study of interactions between fetally derived and host brain neurons.
DYNAMICS OF CRYSTALLINE N-METHYLACETAMIDE: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF INFRARED AND INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING SPECTRA

N-methylacetamide may be viewed as a simple model for polypeptides. Unusual intensities have previously been observed in its amide vibrational spectra and were attributed to contradictory causes, namely, Fermi resonance, vibrational polarons, and dynamic proton transfer along the H bond. We report the first inelastic neutron scattering study of three specifically deuterated derivatives at different temperatures along with new infrared spectra. The analysis of the librations in the INS spectra indicates a degeneracy between the N−CH3 methyl torsional mode and another degree of freedom assigned to one component of the skeletal torsion. No direct evidence for a methyl−methyl coupling is observed. However γ(CO) appears strongly coupled to the motions of the neighboring C−CH3 group. A new absorption band (“X”) is observed at approximately 1590 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of the amide-1/amide-2 region. This calls into question the previous assignment of a band at ∼1600 cm-1 as the overtone of γ(NH). In addition, al...
Whole-Body Counting of 131I-Labeled Triiodothyronine

The absorption and degradation rates of 131I-labeled triiodothyronine (T3) were measured in human subjects by the whole-body counting methods previously described for 131I-thyroxine (T4). Results obtained in 18 euthyroid subjects were as follows: (a) There was a significant difference in the ratio of 0- and 4-hr counting sensitivity of T3 as compared with T4, suggesting significantly different spatial redistribution of T3 and T4 in the whole body during this time. (b) The variation in T3 counting sensitivity related to body weight was similar to that found with T4. (c) An average of 85% of an oral dose of T3 was found to be absorbed, (d) The T3 degradation rate was similar after oral and intravenous administration. However, after oral administration a significant time delay was observed before apparent degradation of T3 began. This has been attributed to temporary hepatic sequestration of the oral dose. (e) Fecal excretion of the administered T3 label (mean 10.4%) and fecal lag time (1.3 days) were simila...
Pregnancy and olfaction: a review.

Many women report a heightened sense of smell during pregnancy. Accounts of these anecdotes have existed for over one hundred years, but scientific evidence has been sparse and inconclusive. In this review I examine the literature on olfactory perception during pregnancy including measures of self-report, olfactory thresholds, odor identification, intensity and hedonic ratings and disgust. Support for a general decrease in olfactory thresholds (increase in sensitivity) is generally lacking. There is limited evidence that some suprathreshold measures of olfactory perception, such as hedonic ratings of odors, are affected by pregnancy, but these effects are idiosyncratic. In this review I explore the hypotheses that have been put forth to explain changes in olfactory perception during pregnancy and provide suggestions for further research.
Discussing Variance Analysis with the Performance of a Basketball Team

ABSTRACT: While current cost and managerial accounting texts devote extensive coverage to comparisons of actual and expected costs, relatively scant attention is devoted to analyzing comparable differences in revenues. Methods commonly used to identify differences between actual and expected revenues include the calculation of variances such as the sales price (SPV), sales quantity (SQV), and the sales mix (SMV) variances. We decided to approach the discussion of these variances in an innovative setting by presenting the SQV and SMV in the context of analyzing the performance of a basketball team, providing a setting that is both appropriate and interesting for illustrating revenue variances. Also, there are trade-offs in the choice between two of these “revenue” sources, for example, should the shooter attempt a two- or a three-point shot? Other relevant questions propel the decomposition of the SQV into the market size (MSV) and market share (MShV) variances. Was the game an offensive showdown, tallying...
HBsAg retention sensitizes the hepatocyte to injury by physiological concentrations of interferon‐γ

The role that inflammatory cytokines may play in the life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and in the pathogenesis of its associated liver disease has not been carefully delineated. In this report, we demonstrate that bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a potent inducer of inflammatory cytokines in vivo, causes a severe acute liver disease in transgenic mice whose hepatocytes produce the hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide and retain HBsAg within the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, 100-fold higher doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide do not induce liver cell injury in nontransgenic littermate controls or in transgenic mice whose hepatocytes secrete HBsAg rather than retain it. Coincident with the hepatocellular injury and the influx of inflammatory cells into the liver, a marked reduction occurs in the intrahepatic content of hepatitis B virus steady-state messenger RNA, thereby confirming the selectivity of this process for the HBsAg-positive hepatocyte. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatocellular injury appears to be principally mediated by interferon-γ because it can be markedly reduced by the prior administration of neutralizing interferon-γ–specific monoclonal antibodies and because recombinant interferon-γ is also selectively cytotoxic for the HBsAg-positive transgenic hepatocyte in vivo. Tumor necrosis factor–α is also involved in this process because bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced liver cell injury is significantly reduced by tumor necrosis factor–α specific monoclonal antibodies. The role of tumor necrosis factor–α in bacterial lipopolysaccharide–induced liver cell injury is less clear than interferon-γ, however, because unlike interferon-γ it is also toxic for nontransgenic hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that the HBsAg-positive transgenic mouse hepatocyte is selectively sensitive to destruction by interferon-γ in vivo. Because this cytokine has been shown to be produced by intrahepatic lymphocytes during viral hepatitis in humans, these results raise the possibility that a similar pathway may contribute to the clearance of HBsAg-positive hepatocytes and to the pathogenesis of liver cell injury in human HBV infection as well. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:655–663.)
MEDICAL IMAGE INTENSIFIER IN 1980

In the past few years, basic technical developments have become available in the field of x-ray image conversion and amplification. In this paper we shall speculate on the applications of the medical x-ray image amplifier in the year 1980. We shall be conservative in our speculations by confining them to the possible application of devices already on the market or in advanced development.© (1972) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The single microbody in the zoospore of Blastocladilla emersonii is a ‘symphyomicrobody’

The ‘SB matrix’ in the zoospore and the ‘sb granules’ in the sporangia of the water fungus Blastocladiella emersonii were shown ultracytochemically to be catalase positive organelles. The two types of organelles are ontogenetically interrelated, the latter giving rise by symphyogenesis to a novel, massive, microbody, the symphyomicrobody.
The Political Uses of Territoriality

This article describes the territorial dimensions of a recurrent struggle between authority and community. Authority prefers and requires the expansion of territorial units; community prefers and requires the contraction of units. A model is proposed that attempts to synthesize these countertendencies by arguing that territorial expansion occurs as part of a process of expanding production, but that the consumption of the resulting productive surplus contracts territories and creates waste. The process is entropic, and helps explain why neither authority nor community triumphs.
Interval trigonometric polynomials and wavenumber response of n-D FIR digital filters

Summary form only given. The scope for determining the lower and upper bounds for the wavenumber response of a multidimensional interval finite impulse response (FIR) filter from the corresponding bounds for each element of a subset of extreme filters is investigated. >
Metabolism of Bovine Semen. V. Effect of Various Diluents on the Uptake and Metabolic Utilization of Glycerol-1-C14 by Bovine Spermatozoa,

Summary The effect of various commonly used semen diluents on the metabolism of glycerol-1-C 14 by bull spermatozoa has been studied. Glycerol-1-C 14 uptake and utilization by twice-washed sperm during incubation under nitrogen for 3 hr. at 37° C. were significantly (P
A Secondary Analysis of the Meaning of Living With Spinal Cord Injury Using Roy’s Adaptation Model:

This secondary analysis was designed to place the methods and themes from a phenomenological study of the meaning of living with spinal cord injury for the family within the context of the Roy adaptation model. Seven themes emerged from the phenomenological study data. The content of each of the seven themes was found to reflect at least two of the modes of adaptation; one of the themes reflected all four of the modes of adaptation. The findings of this study revealed that the meaning of living with spinal cord injury reflects all four modes of adaptation.
Appreciative Inquiry with Nurses who Work with Children of Incarcerated Parents

An appreciative inquiry study was conducted with 12 nurse-mentors who worked with children of incarcerated parents. The aim was to generate best practice knowledge for working with these children. The nurse-mentoring program, based on theorists Peplau and Erickson and colleagues, was implemented to promote optimum health outcomes among children at high risk for incarceration. Through this study method, nurse mentors discovered what was effective as they created a collective vision for future practice. An action plan was implemented, evaluated, and conclusions were drawn. Data from this study imply that nurse-mentoring can be used with other vulnerable populations. Nurses should use appreciative inquiry to transform healthcare, particularly in situations with seemingly intransigent solutions.