cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE BIRDS, THE BEES…AND THE SPERM BANKS: How Lesbian Mothers Talk With Their Children About Sex and Reproduction

Findings are presented from a thematic content analysis of individual and group interviews in which 26 lesbian mothers were asked about their concerns, values, and hopes regarding their children's sex education; about what they have done and plan to do with regard to sex education; and about how they evaluate their efforts to date. Themes, linked to the children's age, are described and illustrated with vignettes and observations from the participants.
Self-Control and Social Bonds: A Combined Control Perspective on Juvenile Offending

With longitudinal data from a sample of 359 adolescent offenders, we tested three measures of social bonding (conventional moral belief, attachment, and commitment/involvement) and deviant peer association as outcomes of low self-control and as mediators of the effect of low self-control on juvenile offending. Low self-control was negatively related to each bonding measure, positively related to deviant peer association, and positively related to offending at follow-up. Its effect on offending was fully mediated by conventional moral belief and attachment. These results provide modest support for a combination of self-control and social bonding perspectives on juvenile offending.
BRAIN TYROSINE HYDROXYLATION: ALTERATION OF OXYGEN AFFINITY IN VIVO BY IMMOBILIZATION OR ELECTROSHOCK IN THE RAT

— The rates of brain tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylation, estimated in vivo from the accumulation of DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan after the administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor, appear dependent on the availability of oxygen as a substrate. During two types of physical stress, electroshock and curare-immobilization, the rate of brain tyrosine hydroxylation was greater than in unstressed controls and was not significantly decreased when the stresssed animals were made hypoxic. The loss of oxygen dependence by brain tyrosine hydroxylation during stress was observed in several brain regions and was not associated with alterations in the concentrations of brain tyrosine. tryptophan, serotonin, dopamine or norepinephrine. The rate of brain tryptophan hydroxylation was not affected by stress and remained oxygen dependent. The increase in catecholamine synthesis during stress appears to be the result of increased catecholaminergic nerve impulse flow. These experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that during neuronal stimulation an allosteric change in tyrosine hydroxylase increases the affinity of the enzyme for oxygen allowing greater catecholamine synthesis despite limiting concentrations of this substrate.
Quasicrystal Element Correlations from X-Ray Standing Waves

Abstract X-ray standing waves associated with dynamical diffraction in perfect crystals are also present during diffraction in high-quality quasicrystals. The fluorescence observed from quasicrystals while scanning the rocking curve of a particular Bragg reflection shows an identical form to that observed from periodic planes in a perfect crystal. In this case, however, the coherent fraction is the value of a correlation function: the Fourier component of a given elemental distribution at the wavevector associated with the Bragg peak. We show, using a model for Al−Pd−Mn, how the observed value for the coherent position at a given reflection is a sensitive indicator of the centrosymmetry of the distribution, and the observed value for the coherent fraction is a test of the elemental distribution predicted from the model.
Statistical methods to assess and minimize the role of intra-individual variability in obscuring the relationship between dietary lipids and serum cholesterol.

Abstract Investigations involving comparisons of populations, as well as intervention studies on groups, both under free-living and metabolic ward conditions, unequivocally demonstrate significant relationships between lipid components of the diet and serum cholesterol levels. However, low order or no correlations have been reported when these dietary variables and serum cholesterol are related for individuals. Several factors underlie this apparent paradox. This paper discusses at length the role of intra-individual variation in this apparent paradox, with particular emphasis on the errors caused by intra-individual variation in classification and estimation of correlation coefficients. Methods are presented for estimating the number of measurements required to achieve a suitable degree of accuracy for both classification and correlation analysis. Based on these theoretical considerations and practical examples illustrating their application, an assessment is made of commonly used dietary survey methods in terms of their appropriateness for measuring individual dietary intake. Suggestions are made for improving the design and methods of nutritional surveys, especially with regard to reducing errors introduced by intra-individual variation.
Dynamic Theory of the Spin Glass Phase

Exact averaged equations for spin relaxation in infinite-ranged spin-glasses are derived. It is shown that, in general, time-persistent terms in both correlation and response functions cannot be treated as purely static order parameters. A dynamic stability criterion for static solutions is derived. In the marginally stable solution dynamic correlations decay algebraically $\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ below ${T}_{c}$, with an exponent which decreases continuously with temperature, $\ensuremath{\nu}(T)=\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}(\frac{1\ensuremath{-}T}{{T}_{c}})+O({(\frac{1\ensuremath{-}T}{{T}_{c}})}^{2})$, in disagreement with previous predictions ($\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{2}$).
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Wisconsin during the 2007-08 season: comparison of interim and final results

Abstract Background During the 2007–08 influenza season, we reported an interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimate of 44% for preventing medically attended influenza. In this analysis we report results for the entire season and compare them with the interim estimate. Methods Patients with feverishness, chills, or cough Results Influenza was detected by rRT-PCR in 865 (44%) of 1972 patients; 73% were type A and 27% were type B. VE was 37% (95% CI, 22–49%) overall and 44% (95% CI, 27–58%) among participants tested 0–3 days after illness onset. VE was 39% (95% CI, 2–62%) in children 6–59 months old and 37% (95% CI, −2% to 61%) in adults ≥50 years old. VE was 41% (95% CI, 24–53%) for influenza A and 31% (95% CI, 3–51%) for influenza B. All 24 characterized influenza A viruses were antigenically matched to the H3N2 vaccine strain, although 14 viruses exhibited mild antigenic drift. There was a lineage mismatch with the vaccine strain for all 39 characterized influenza B viruses. Conclusions The 2007–08 influenza vaccine provided modest protection against medically attended influenza in this population. The interim estimate of VE after 17 days closely approximated the final season VE, supporting the potential use of interim VE estimates while influenza seasons are still in progress.
Outcasts of Echo Park, Heroes of Brentwood: Quinceañera, Keeping Up with the Steins and Coming of Age in Ethnic L.A.

The challenge of maintaining a national identity as a subculture in America is most evident in connection with special occasions, like transition rites. Coming of age is such an event. The continuity and transformation of the subculture is at stake. In American cities, as exemplified by Los Angeles, the ethnic neighborhood becomes a New Old Country. Those who welcome change and those who resist change may belong surprisingly to unexpected categories, and the roles of the generations can also be more nuanced than popular stereotypes suggest.
Does belatacept provide equivalent suppression of acute renal transplant rejection to ciclosporin

Does belatacept provide equivalent suppression of acute renal transplant rejection to ciclosporin?
Shear stress activates cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and MAP kinase in human endothelial cells.

Abstract Intracellular signalling events that govern endothelial responses to shear are incompletely defined. In this study confluent human endothelial cells were subjected to shear. At shear levels of 1.04, 2.92, 5.31 and 8.3 dynes/cm2, which are in the range of those that occur in vessels in venous and arterial circulations, the activity of cPLA2was increased above control levels. To examine pathways by which cPLA2may be activated in response to shear, we assayed the p42 isoform of MAP kinase (ERK-2) and found increased activity in cells exposed to shear. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that cPLA2and MAP kinase p42 are activated by shear in human endothelial cells, and add to evidence from other systems that indicates that the two enzymes have related signalling functions.
Literatures of Wonder in Early Modern England and America

This article surveys seventeenth-century narratives about ‘wonders’, ‘marvels’, ‘prodigies’, ‘providences’, and ‘remarkables’ and the scholarship that has treated them. Over the past 25 years, narratives about wonders and providences have played an increasingly important role in literary scholarship, the history of science, the history of the book, and the history of popular culture (and especially popular religious culture). The article considers the forms, meanings, and public roles of these ‘remarkable’ texts, and also discusses the scholarly movements that have led to their current prominence in the secondary literature. Although the article limits its focus to early modern texts produced in England and colonial America, it includes a wide range of print formats in which marvels and providences appeared, including cheap print formats such as broadsides and broadside ballads, almanacs, news pamphlets, and early chapbooks; as well as learned texts such as early natural philosophy (science) journals and anthologies published by ministers. The article opens by outlining the nexus of philosophical, political, and cultural developments that prompted an expanded interest in wonders, prodigies, and remarkables among both learned and common people in the period. It then explores the textual corpus itself and the varied rhetorical uses to which wonders were put by writers, publishers, and readers, using the history of Mary Dyer's monster birth for illustration. Finally, it examines the secondary scholarship on these texts.
Effects of retinal size on visual laterality

Observers indicated whether two vertically presented bars were aligned one above the other (same trials) or were offset by an amount equal to the width of the bars on that trial (different trials). Retinal size was varied by using bars of three different widths (wide, medium, narrow). On different trials, reaction time to make correct responses was longer for narrow stimuli than for the other two sizes; this size effect was larger when stimuli were projected to the right visual field than when stimuli were projected to the left visual field. Such effects were not found on same trials. Implications of these results are discussed in light of alternative hypotheses about the effects of stimulus input parameters on visual laterality.
APPROXIMATE TREATMENT OF THE FORMATION OF A DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF AN ION AT THE TWO SIDES OF A MEMBRANE

The recent extension of the approximation method is applied to enable us to arrive at the time course of the concentrations at both sides of a membrane. From the differential equations which govern these, the steady-state solution is obtained in terms of the parameters, which are determined by the thickness of the diffusion layers, the chemical composition and reactions, and the diffusion constant of the membrane.
1973 student paper award. An alogorithm for generating structural surrogates of english text

This paper describes the development and application of an algorithm which generates non-linear representations of English text. The algorithm uses the results of a syntactic analysis system and a set of rules which prescribe linkages to generate a graph of a sentence. The shape of these graphs corresponds to the syntax of the sentence; the labels correspond to the vocabulary of the sentence and the edge types correspond to case grammar roles. The sentence graphs can then be interconnected at common nodes and analyzed according to common edges. Preliminary experimentation has yielded promising results. It appears that the algorithm produces a representation of English text which could be quite useful in automatic language processing.
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the thermoelastic behavior of woven glass fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites

The thermoelastic behavior of glass fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites is very important in several applications such as electronic packaging. Simulation of the composite behavior is complicated because of the complex nature of woven fiber architecture. In this study, we have conducted a numerical simulation of elastic and thermal expansion behavior of woven glass fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite. The simulations were compared to experimental data, showing excellent agreement with elastic properties and fairly good results for the thermal expansion coefficient of the composite.
Molecular orbital tomography using high harmonic generation

High harmonics produced in aligned molecules contain the structural information of bound-state electronic states. We have successfully reconstructed tomographic images of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of N2 from a set of harmonic spectra
Consensus Statements on Occupational Therapy Education and Professional Development Related to Driving and Community Mobility

Professional and postprofessional education for occupational therapy practitioners in the area of driving and community mobility has been inconsistent and not sufficient to meet the growing community mobility needs of the aging population. This article reviews the current expectations of entry-level occupational therapy education, the postprofessional credentialing opportunities, and the professional development path for occupational therapy practitioners. Finally, consensus statements are presented to move both entry-level and professional education forward in the area of driving and community mobility.
Determinants of Eating Attitudes among Overweight and Nonoverweight Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Limited research has examined the determinants of eating attitudes among both adolescent boys and girls. The aims of this study were to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms, body satisfaction, and physical activity (PA) predict eating attitudes in adolescent boys and girls, and to determine the moderating influences of sex and body mass index (BMI). Methods The participants (N = 646 adolescent boys and girls; mean age 14.28 years; 49% boys) completed self-reported measures of their depressive symptoms, body satisfaction, leisure-time PA, and eating attitudes during their high school health and physical education classes. Results Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that: (1) BMI, depressive symptoms, body satisfaction, PA, and their interaction terms explained 14% and 17% of the variance in eating attitudes for boys and girls, respectively; (2) BMI moderated the contributions of body satisfaction and PA for predicting eating attitudes such that overweight boys scored lower on body satisfaction and higher on PA than normal-weight boys; and (3) BMI did not moderate the contributions of any of the psychobehavioral constructs for predicting eating attitudes among girls. Conclusions Our findings illustrate that eating attitudes are determined differently for boys and girls, and the findings demonstrate the need for sex-specific interventions to promote healthy eating attitudes and behaviors during adolescence.
Interaction between Mitochondria and the Actin Cytoskeleton in Budding Yeast Requires Two Integral Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Proteins, Mmm1p and Mdm10p

Transfer of mitochondria to daughter cells during yeast cell division is essential for viable progeny. The actin cytoskeleton is required for this process, potentially as a track to direct mitochondrial movement into the bud. Sedimentation assays reveal two different components required for mitochondria-actin interactions: (1) mitochondrial actin binding protein(s) (mABP), a peripheral mitochondrial outer membrane protein(s) with ATP-sensitive actin binding activity, and (2) a salt-inextractable, presumably integral, membrane protein(s) required for docking of mABP on the organelle. mABP activity is abolished by treatment of mitochondria with high salt. Addition of either the salt-extracted mitochondrial peripheral membrane proteins (SE), or a protein fraction with ATP-sensitive actin-binding activity isolated from SE, to salt-washed mitochondria restores this activity. mABP docking activity is saturable, resistant to high salt, and inhibited by pre-treatment of salt-washed mitochondria with papain. Two integral mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, Mmm1p (Burgess, S.M., M. Delannoy, and R.E. Jensen. 1994. J.Cell Biol. 126:1375-1391) and Mdm10p, (Sogo, L.F., and M.P. Yaffe. 1994. J.Cell Biol. 126:1361- 1373) are required for these actin-mitochondria interactions. Mitochondria isolated from an mmm1-1 temperature-sensitive mutant or from an mdm10 deletion mutant show no mABP activity and no mABP docking activity. Consistent with this, mitochondrial motility in vivo in mmm1-1 and mdm10Delta mutants appears to be actin independent. Depolymerization of F-actin using latrunculin-A results in loss of long-distance, linear movement and a fivefold decrease in the velocity of mitochondrial movement. Mitochondrial motility in mmm1-1 and mdm10Delta mutants is indistinguishable from that in latrunculin-A-treated wild-type cells. We propose that Mmm1p and Mdm10p are required for docking of mABP on the surface of yeast mitochondria and coupling the organelle to the actin cytoskeleton.
The influence of hypophysectomy and of growth hormone administration on the oxidation of palmitate-1-C14 by the unanesthetized rat.

The conversion of intravenously administered albumin-bound palmitate-1-C14 to expired C14O2 by unanesthetized rats was used as an index of fatty acid oxidation. It was found that hypophysectomy did not influence the oxidation of palmitate to CO2 whether this was determined in the fasted or fed state. Bovine growth hormone treatment, chronic or acute, did not appear to enhance the utilization of palmitate by fed or fasted hypophysectomized rats. These findings, along with the evidence of others, suggest that the utilization of fatty acids is under the regulation of factors other than growth hormone.
Aftran: Array Fortran programming language

The Aftran programming language is an extension of Fortran 77, which incorporates many of the array processing capabilities of the new Fortran 8x language. This language allows programmers to write code for vector and array processors which can also be executed on standard scalar computers. Thus, a programmer can develop programs on inexpensive workstations which will execute efficiently on vector supercomputers and on array processors such as the Connection Machine. Particular attention is given to the features of a prototype Aftran translator for Fortran 77 and FTN200 transformations, implemented in Fortran 77. >
Early-Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profiles Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study

OBJECTIVE Many studies of diabetes have examined risk factors at the time of diabetes diagnosis instead of considering the lifetime burden of adverse risk factor levels. We examined the 30-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor burden that participants have up to the time of diabetes diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among participants free of CVD, incident diabetes cases (fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or treatment) occurring at examinations 2 through 8 (1979–2008) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort were age- and sex-matched 1:2 to controls. CVD risk factors (hypertension, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, obesity) were measured at the time of diabetes diagnosis and at time points 10, 20, and 30 years prior. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare risk factor levels at each time point between diabetes cases and controls. RESULTS We identified 525 participants with new-onset diabetes who were matched to 1,049 controls (mean age, 60 years; 40% women). Compared with those without diabetes, individuals who eventually developed diabetes had higher levels of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; P = 0.003), high LDL (OR, 1.5; P = 0.04), low HDL (OR, 2.1; P = 0.0001), high triglycerides (OR, 1.7; P = 0.04), and obesity (OR, 3.3; P < 0.0001) at time points 30 years before diabetes diagnosis. After further adjustment for BMI, the ORs for hypertension (OR, 1.9; P = 0.02) and low HDL (OR, 1.7; P = 0.01) remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS CVD risk factors are increased up to 30 years before diagnosis of diabetes. These findings highlight the importance of a life course approach to CVD risk factor identification among individuals at risk for diabetes.
Production of low cost self compacting concrete using bagasse ash

Abstract Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a development of conventional concrete, in which the use of vibrator for compaction is no more required. This property of self compacting concrete has made its use more attractive all over the world. But its initial higher supply cost over conventional concrete, has hindered its application to general construction. Therefore, for producing low cost SCC, it is prudent to look at the alternates to help reducing the SSC cost. This research is aimed at evaluating the usage of bagasse ash as viscosity modifying agent in SCC, and to study the relative costs of the materials used in SCC. In this research, the main variables are the proportion of bagasse ash, dosage of superplasticizer for flowability and water/binder ratio. The parameters kept constant are the amount of cement and water content. Test results substantiate the feasibility to develop low cost self compacting concrete using bagasse ash. In the fresh state of concrete, the different mixes of concrete have slump flow in the range of 333 mm to 815 mm, L-box ratio ranging from 0 to 1 and flow time ranging from 1.8 s to no flow (stucked). Out of twenty five different mixes, five mixes were found to satisfy the requirements suggested by European federation of national trade associations representing producers and applicators of specialist building products (EFNARC) guide for making self compacting concrete. The compressive strengths developed by the self compacting concrete mixes with bagasse ash at 28 days were comparable to the control concrete. Cost analysis showed that the cost of ingredients of specific self compacting concrete mix is 35.63% less than that of control concrete, both having compressive strength above 34 MPa.
Hydrolysis of Protein and Model Dipeptide Substrates by Attached and Nonattached Marine Pseudomonas sp. Strain NCIMB 2021.

Rates of substrate hydrolysis by nonattached bacteria and by bacteria attached to particles derived from marine diatom frustules were estimated by using two substrates, a dipeptide analog and a protein. Adsorption of the two substrates onto the particles was also evaluated. Methyl-coumarinyl-amide-leucine (MCA-leucine) was used to estimate hydrolysis of dipeptides by measuring an increase in fluorescence as MCA-leucine was hydrolyzed to leucine and the fluorochrome methylcoumarin. To examine hydrolysis of a larger molecule, we prepared a radiolabeled protein by 14C-methylation of bovine serum albumin. The rate of protein hydrolysis in samples of particle-attached or nonattached bacteria was estimated by precipitating all nonhydrolyzed protein with cold trichloroacetic acid and then determining the trichloroacetic acid-soluble radiolabeled material, which represented methyl-14C-peptides and -amino acids. About 25% of the MCA-leucine adsorbed to the particles. MCA-leucine was hydrolyzed faster by nonattached than attached bacteria, which was probably related to its tendency to remain dissolved in the liquid phase. In contrast, almost 100% of the labeled protein adsorbed to the particles. Accordingly, protein was much less available to nonattached bacteria but was rapidly hydrolyzed by attached bacteria.
Unremarkable words redux.

In a prior communication, some of the more creative, colorful, ambiguous, and occasionally nonsensical verbiage used in radiology reports was catalogued in an attempt to move the needle of radiologic lexicology forward [1]. However, despite receiving some encouraging correspondence, I continue to encounter dodgy doggerel of dubious distinction in diagnostic radiology reports, often leaving the referring doctor dangling in diagnostic limbo. Therefore, I have continued my “research” and gathered more material culled from radiology reports. Included is a sundry mix of neologisms, malapropisms, logorrhea, and other obtuse, abstruse, or oddball words and phrases generated by dodgers and weavers, dreamers, would-be fiction writers, poets and palm readers—in other words, diagnostic radiologists like me and you. Some are stand-alone beauties, others are thematically connected. Herewith is my update of unremarkable words: Reactive fatty lymph node: What exactly does a fatty lymph node react to? Too many fries? Would certainly recommend follow-up chest x-ray: If you would certainly recommend something, why not just go ahead and recommend it? Several calcifications overlying the bed of the prostate: Maybe they were just sleepy little fellows looking for a nice bed. Could use the seminal vesicles for a pillow. Pulmonary sequestration is not infrequently associated with this condition: I not infrequently ask myself, why not not use a double negative and just go for the positive? Moderately marked degenerative arthritis of knee: On its way to markedly marked.
Evidence for a Critical Velocity in a Bose-Einstein Condensed Gas

We have studied dissipation in a Bose-Einstein condensed gas by moving a blue detuned laser beam through the condensate at different velocities. Strong heating was observed only above a critical velocity.
Spinal cord stimulation: "neural switch" in complex regional pain syndrome type I.

Introduction. Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) is a neuropathic pain disorder of unclear etiology. It commonly follows a trivial injury and is characterized by spontaneous pain manifesting regionally that is disproportionate to the inciting event. Associated signs and symptoms include allodynia, hyperalgesia, edema, sudomotor, vasomotor abnormalities, and trophic changes. Although multiple modalities exist to treat CRPS I, significant disability, diminution in quality of life, and reduction in overall health often accompany the syndrome. Case. A case of a 57-year-old man with CRPS I who was treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) after failing conservative therapy is presented. One month following treatment, he experienced complete symptom resolution such that stimulation was subsequently discontinued without recurrence over the 1-year follow-up period. Conclusions. To date there is currently no reliably validated “cure” for CRPS. There has only been one recent report where SCS resulted in the complete eradication of the signs and symptoms associated with CRPS. This series involved adolescent girls aged 11–14 years of age, who tend to have a more benign and self-limited treatment course than that seen in adults. This raises the question as to whether a “neural switch” exists, and if so, where it is located. We postulate that the inter-neuronal connections between the central and peripheral nervous systems implicated by the current pathophysiological model is the most plausible site of this “neural switch,” and that reorganization of this interface can account for the ability of SCS to effect a complete “cure” in CRPS.
How will Earth's surface temperature change in future decades?

[1] Reliable forecasts of climate change in the immediate future are difficult, especially on regional scales, where natural climate variations may amplify or mitigate anthropogenic warming in ways that numerical models capture poorly. By decomposing recent observed surface temperatures into components associated with ENSO, volcanic and solar activity, and anthropogenic influences, we anticipate global and regional changes in the next two decades. From 2009 to 2014, projected rises in anthropogenic influences and solar irradiance will increase global surface temperature 0.15 ± 0.03°C, at a rate 50% greater than predicted by IPCC. But as a result of declining solar activity in the subsequent five years, average temperature in 2019 is only 0.03 ± 0.01°C warmer than in 2014. This lack of overall warming is analogous to the period from 2002 to 2008 when decreasing solar irradiance also countered much of the anthropogenic warming. We further illustrate how a major volcanic eruption and a super ENSO would modify our global and regional temperature projections.
Deposition and transfer of axonally transported phospholipids in rat sciatic nerve

Radioactive glycerol, ethanolamine, or choline injected into the vicinity of the cell bodies of rat sciatic nerve sensory fibers is incorporated into phospholipid. Some newly synthesized ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides are subsequently committed to transport down the sciatic nerve axons at a rate of several hundred millimeters per day. Most labeled choline phosphoglycerides move uniformly down the axons; in contrast, the crest of moving ethanolamine phosphoglycerides is continually attenuated. These data, as well as differences in the clearance of these phospholipids distal to a nerve ligature, suggest that various classes of labeled phospholipids are differentially unloaded from the transport vector (possibly by exchange with unlabeled lipid in stationary axonal structures) during movement down the axons. The extent of unloading appears to be defined by the base moiety; both diacyl and plasmalogen species of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides exchange extensively with stationary axonal lipids, while most choline phosphoglycerides continue down the axons. Autoradiographic studies with 3H-choline and 3H-ethanolamine demonstrated that most unloaded phospholipid is initially deposited in axonal structures; some of this unloaded lipid is subsequently transferred to the axon/myelin interface (axolemma?) and then to myelin. Although transported ethanolamine phosphoglycerides exchange more extensively with lipids in stationary axonal structures than do choline phosphoglycerides, at early times more label from 3H-choline is found in myelin. A model to resolve this seeming discrepancy is proposed, wherein a differential topographic localization of phospholipid classes in the membrane of the transport vector allows for a preferential extensive exchange of transported ethanolamine phosphoglycerides with lipids in stationary axonal structures, while choline phosphoglycerides become available for rapid transfer to myelin by a process involving vesicle fusion with axolemma.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

BackgroundThe use of unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) has grown as an allogeneic source of hematopoietic cells for transplantation of patients with hematologic malignancies. As the number of UC...
IBM's Dynamic Workplace

In its quest to become a globally-integrated enterprise, IBM needed to develop new ways of working. Already, it competed for talent by being a best workplace, an employer of choice with the best opportunities. It had been one of the first companies to provide paid vacations, health insurance, sick leave, job sharing, and domestic partner benefits. Its human resources (HR) portfolio included a full array of progressive policies and programs. Senior Vice President of Human Resources Randy MacDonald said, "There are five things that people come to work for IBM for, and it's not compensation or benefits. It's diversity, workplace flexibility, performance differentiation, learning, and leadership. Those are our differentiators." There was increasing flexibility in how people were employed, including alumni. In addition to full-time regular employees, there were people on long-term supplemental contracts. In Europe, IBM salespeople who had peaked and were going no further could be placed with customers or business partners for several years, with the chance to return to IBM. The case of IBM's response to the Asian Tsunami showed it at its best: values-driven, self-organizing, able to move at lightning speed connecting global and local resources. This was the kind of global leadership and citizenship IVT5 was charged with enhancing. But how could IBM provide a tsunami-relief-like experience to everyone, without a disaster?
Poderosa ignorancia: celos y pretensión de verdad en Dom Casmurro de Machado de Assis

Este ensayo explora como las sospechas no comprobadas del protagonista de Dom Casmurro se articulan en un monologo que pretende probar la infidelidad de su amada. Con base en el concepto de ideologia de Žižek, proponemos que esta articulacion es posible a partir de la construccion de una prueba que permite al narrador producir a su amada como objeto de deseo ambiguo, fascinante y poco confiable a la vez. Al reconstruir literariamente esta prueba, que convierte la incertidumbre y la sospecha en formas de empoderamiento epistemologico y moral, Machado expone e ironiza una perspectiva masculina que busca proteger privilegios de genero en una sociedad con creciente movilidad femenina.
Prostate Radiotherapy in the Era of Advanced Imaging and Precision Medicine

Tremendous technological advancements in prostate radiotherapy have decreased treatment toxicity and improved clinical outcomes for men with prostate cancer. While these advances have allowed for significant treatment volume reduction and whole-organ dose escalation, further improvement in prostate radiotherapy has been limited by classic techniques for diagnosis and risk stratification. Developments in prostate imaging, image-guided targeted biopsy, next-generation gene expression profiling, and targeted molecular therapies now provide information to stratify patients and select treatments based on tumor biology. Image-guided targeted biopsy improves detection of clinically significant cases of prostate cancer and provides important information about the biological behavior of intraprostatic lesions which can further guide treatment decisions. We review the evolution of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI-ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsy. Recent advancements in radiation therapy including dose escalation, moderate and extreme hypofractionation, partial prostate radiation therapy, and finally dose escalation by simultaneous integrated boost are discussed. We also review next-generation sequencing and discuss developments in targeted molecular therapies. Last, we review ongoing clinical trials and future treatment paradigms that integrate targeted biopsy, molecular profiling and therapy, and prostate radiotherapy.
Dynamic interfacial properties of human apolipoproteins A-IV and B-17 at the air/water and oil/water interface.

Viscoelastic behavior of proteins at interfaces is a critical determinant of their ability to stabilize emulsions. We therefore used air bubble surfactometry and drop vol- ume tensiometry to examine the dynamic interfacial prop- erties of two plasma apolipoproteins involved in chylomi- cron assembly: apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein B-17, a recombinant, truncated apolipoprotein B. At the air/ water interface apolipoproteins A-IV and B-17 displayed wide area-tension loops with positive phase angles indica- tive of viscoelastic behavior, and suggesting that they un- dergo rate-dependent changes in surface conformation in response to changes in interfacial area. At the triolein/ water interface apolipoprotein A-IV displayed maximal sur- face activity only at long interface ages, with an adsorption rate constant of 1.0 3 10 2 3 sec 2 1 , whereas apolipoprotein B-17 lowered interfacial tension even at the shortest inter- face ages, with an adsorption rate constant of 9.3 3 10 2 3 sec 2 1 . Apolipoprotein A-IV displayed an expanded confor- mation at the air/water interface and a biphasic compres- sion isotherm, suggesting that its hydrophilic amphipathic helices move in and out of the interface in response to changes in surface pressure. We conclude that apolipo- proteins A-IV and B-17 display a combination of interfacial activity and elasticity particularly suited to stabilizing the surface of expanding triglyceride-rich particles. —Wein- berg, R. B., V. R. Cook, J. A. DeLozier, and G. S. Shelness. Dynamic interfacial properties of human apolipoproteins A-IV and B-17 at the air/water and oil/water interface. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 1419-1427.
Simple Control Strategies for Low-Thrust Spacecraft

Computationally simple strategies are proposed for both the open-loop trajectory design and the closed-loop control of low-thrust transfers. The open-loop design approach is based on constructing the acceleration vector so that certain characteristics of the trajectory follow desired profiles. These profiles are designed to guide a low-thrust spacecraft from an initial circular orbit to another circular orbit which is not necessarily in the same plane as the initial orbit In addition, the way in which the acceleration vector is constructed allows for its maximum magnitude to be adjusted to be arbitrarily small by making the total transfer time arbitrarily large. The closed-loop guidance strategy is to formulate the acceleration so that orbital characteristics will follow the profiles constructed through the open-loop design process even with disturbances acting on the spacecraft. Both the openloop and closed-loop strategies are applicable to both interplanetary and planet-centered transfers. In addition, the control laws are designed so that they have a reasonably simple acceleration analytical form.
Comparative Effectiveness of a Patient Centered Pathology Report for Bladder Cancer Care

Purpose: Patients have unprecedented access to their medical records. However, many documents, such as pathology reports, may be beyond the health literacy of most patients. We compared the effectiveness of bladder biopsy patient centered pathology reports with standard reports.Materials and Methods: Local bladder cancer experts reached consensus on the important elements of a bladder biopsy pathology report to inform prognosis and counseling. Patient focus groups identified the patient centered formats and language to convey these elements and constructed a pilot patient centered pathology report. A total of 40 patients undergoing bladder biopsy were block randomized to receive the standard report with or without the patient centered report. We assessed patient self-efficacy, and provider communication and empathy, and tested bladder cancer knowledge at pathology disclosure and 1 month later. We compared study groups with descriptive statistics.Results: Experts identified stage, grade and histology as th...
Ca12InC13–x and Ba12InC18H4: Alkaline-Earth Indium Allenylides Synthesized in AE/Li Flux (AE = Ca, Ba)

Two new complex main-group metal carbides were synthesized from reactions of indium, carbon, and a metal hydride in metal flux mixtures of an alkaline earth (AE = Ca, Ba) and lithium. Ca12InC13–x and Ba12InC18H4 both crystallize in cubic space group Im3 [a = 9.6055(8) and 11.1447(7) A, respectively]. Their related structures are both built on a body-centered-cubic array of icosahedral clusters comprised of an indium atom and 12 surrounding alkaline-earth cations; these clusters are connected by bridging monatomic anions (either H– or C4–) and allenylide anions, C34–. The allenylide anions were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and hydrolysis studies. Density of states and crystal orbital Hamilton population calculations confirm that both compounds are metallic.
The Effect of Perceived Involvement on Trust in Human-Robot Interaction

Trust serves as a powerful social capacity that can influence the course of a relationship, either spurring a willingness or refusal of one agent to interact with another. As we attempt to build increasingly complex and useful social robots, we must consider what factors will engender such trust and thus benefit human-robot interaction. In this paper we describe a line of inquiry that is investigating how a person's perceived involvement in helping a robot recover from failure affects the person's trust in the robot and in its future actions. We posit that a person's active involvement with a robot, compared with passive observation, will lead to greater trust in the robot.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ENERGY CENTER IN IRON AND STEEL ENTERPRISES

The energy center which is equipped with computers and dataway is a modern means of energy control.It has advanced levels of science and technology and obvious economical benefit.This paper describes some basic problems that are meeted with the control limits,the basic function, the data collection, the structure of system and the practice of scheme etc, when iron and steel enterprises proceed the feasibility study of the energy center.
“Thou Map of Woe”: Mapping the Feminine in Titus Andronicus and King Lear

In this article, I claim that Shakespeare moves beyond the archetypal early modern definitions of land, and the maps that represent it, as benefitting from masculine intervention and argue that he ...
Ancestry and adaptive evolution of anadromous, resident, and adfluvial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the San Francisco bay area: application of adaptive genomic variation to conservation in a highly impacted landscape

The streams draining of into San Francisco Bay, California, have been impacted by habitat alteration for over 150 years, and roads, dams, water diversions, and other impediments now block the paths of many aquatic migratory species. These changes can affect the genetic structure of fish populations, as well as driving adaptive evolution to novel environmental conditions. Here, we determine the evolutionary relationships of San Francisco Bay Area steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations and show that (i) they are more closely related to native coastal steelhead than to the California Central Valley lineage, with no evidence of introgression by domesticated hatchery rainbow trout, (ii) populations above and below barriers within watersheds are each other's closest relatives, and (iii) adaptive genomic variation associated with migratory life-history traits in O. mykiss shows substantial evolutionary differences between fish above and below dams. These findings support continued habitat restoration and protection of San Francisco Bay Area O. mykiss populations and demonstrate that ecological conditions in novel habitats above barriers to anadromy influence life-history evolution. We highlight the importance of considering the adaptive landscape in conservation and restoration programs for species living in highly modified habitats, particularly with respect to key life-history traits.
Temporal Trends in Care and Outcomes of Patients Receiving Fibrinolytic Therapy Compared to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG‐CAD) Registry

Background Timely reperfusion after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) improves survival. Guidelines recommend primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 90 minutes of arrival at a PCI‐capable hospital. The alternative is fibrinolysis within 30 minutes for those in those for whom timely transfer to a PCI‐capable hospital is not feasible. Methods and Results We identified STEMI patients receiving reperfusion therapy at 229 hospitals participating in the Get With the Guidelines—Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG‐CAD) database (January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2008). Temporal trends in the use of fibrinolysis and PPCI, its timeliness, and in‐hospital mortality outcomes were assessed. We also assessed predictors of fibrinolysis versus PPCI and compliance with performance measures. Defect‐free care was defined as 100% compliance with all performance measures. We identified 29 190 STEMI patients, of whom 2441 (8.4%) received fibrinolysis; 38.2% of these patients achieved door‐to‐needle times ≤30 minutes. Median door‐to‐needle times increased from 36 to 60 minutes ( P =0.005) over the study period. Among PPCI patients, median door‐to‐balloon times decreased from 94 to 64 minutes ( P <0.0001) over the same period. In‐hospital mortality was higher with fibrinolysis than with PPCI (4.6% vs 3.3%, P =0.001) and did not change significantly over time. Patients receiving fibrinolysis were less likely to receive defect‐free care compared with their PPCI counterparts. Conclusions Use of fibrinolysis for STEMI has decreased over time with concomitant worsening of door‐to‐needle times. Over the same time period, use of PPCI increased with improvement in door‐to‐balloon times. In‐hospital mortality was higher with fibrinolysis than with PPCI. As reperfusion for STEMI continues to shift from fibrinolysis to PPCI, it will be critical to ensure that door‐to‐needle times and outcomes do not worsen.
Predicting dietary intake among children classified as overweight or at risk for overweight: Independent and interactive effects of parenting practices and styles.

Using baseline data from a randomized controlled pediatric obesity prevention trial, this study sought to examine general parenting style as a potential moderator of the association between feeding-specific parenting practices and child dietary intake. Four hundred and twenty-one parent-child dyads served as participants (49% girls and 93% mothers). Children were, on average, 6.6 years old and either overweight or at-risk for overweight (mean BMI percentile = 84.9). Data were collected in participants' homes. Study staff measured children's height and weight. Parents completed questionnaires designed to assess general parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) and child feeding practices (restriction and monitoring). Child dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h recall system. Outcomes were daily servings of fruits and vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and unhealthy snacks. Results were as follows: Permissive parenting was inversely associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, and parental monitoring was inversely associated with SSB consumption. There were no other main effects of parenting style or feeding practice on child dietary consumption. Authoritarian parenting moderated the association between restriction and SSB intake (a marginally significant effect after correcting for multiple comparisons). Restriction was inversely associated with SSB consumption when authoritarianism was high but unassociated with SSB consumption when authoritarianism was low. Findings indicate that the parenting practice of monitoring child dietary intake was associated with more healthful consumption regardless of parenting style; interventions may thus benefit from encouraging parental monitoring. The parenting strategy of restricting child dietary intake, in contrast, was associated with lower SSB intake in the context of higher parental authoritarianism but inconsequential in the context of lower parental authoritarianism. This exploratory finding warrants further investigation.