cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manipulating redox active metal metabolism to enhance cancer therapy

Abstract Redox active metals, including iron, play essential roles in regulating cellular growth and metabolism. Approximately 2% of cellular iron is unbound and can participate in redox reactions. This labile iron pool (LIP) is tightly regulated by cells as excess LIP can participate in Fenton chemistry reactions generating reactive oxygen species. Many malignancies have increased iron uptake resulting in increased LIPs that contribute to cancer proliferation. Iron chelation therapy reduces LIPs and slows cancer progression. Alternatively, treatment with pharmacological ascorbate further increases cancer cell LIPs thereby increasing oxidative stress. Currently multiple clinical trials are combining pharmacological ascorbate with radiation and chemotherapy in a variety of cancers. Drugs containing redox active catalytic metals are also reducing radiation and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. The superoxide dismutase mimetic, GC4419, contains a catalytically active Mn2 + ion that dismutes superoxide radicals and protects against radiation and chemotherapy induced mucositis in head and neck cancer patients.
Universally Composable Signatures, Certification and Authentication

Recently some efforts were made towards capturing the security requirements from digital signature schemes as an ideal functionality within a composable security framework. This modeling of digital signatures potentially has some significant analytical advantages (such as enabling component-wise analysis of complex systems that use signature schemes, as well as symbolic and automatable analysis of such systems). However, it turns out that formulating ideal functionalities that capture the properties expected from signature schemes in a way that is both sound and enjoys the above advantages is not a trivial task. This work has several contributions. We first correct some flaws in the definition of the ideal signature functionality of Canetti, 2001, and subsequent formulations. Next we provide a minimal formalization of “ideal certification authorities” and show how authenticated communication can be obtained using ideal signatures and an ideal certification authority. This is done while guaranteeing full modularity (i.e., each component is analyzed as stand-alone), and in an unconditional and errorless way. This opens the door to symbolic and automated analysis of protocols for these tasks, in a way that is both modular and cryptographically sound. ∗An extended abstract of this work appears in the proceedings of the 17th Computer Security Foundations Workshop (CSFW). This is a slightly corrected version. The first version of this paper, which dates November 18 2003, contained by mistake the date November 16, 2004 on its title page. †IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. Email: canetti@watson.ibm.com.
Climate Change and the Individual in the United States

In the United States, no comprehensive climate change legislation exists, and recent developments have diluted federal efforts to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. Litigation may help to force government regulatory action and provide remedies for harm from greenhouse gas emissions. This Chapter focuses on lawsuits filed by individual plaintiffs and environmental organizations against public and private actors. Plaintiffs have based cases on federal statutes and regulations, common-law causes of action, and public trust. Proof of causation may be a barrier to recovery, and other issues (for example, standing and displacement) pose obstacles. Claims against public actors, for example, have asserted an obligation to protect the atmosphere as a public trust, an obligation to promulgate regulations that address greenhouse gas emissions, and a statutory obligation for agencies to consider the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change in decision making. Litigation against governments and public bodies has sometimes resulted in stricter regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and more careful consideration of the effects of government actions on climate. Claims against private actors for damages, which raise issues of causation and apportionment, have rarely been successful. Individual plaintiffs seldom have the financial ability to bring lawsuits to mitigate or adapt to climate change; environmental and other non-governmental organizations are more likely to have resources to pursue climate change litigation.
How has COVID-19 Changed Challenges for Entrepreneurs: Implications for Entrepreneurship Support

COVID-19 has brought widespread changes to the lives and livelihoods of entrepreneurs across the United States. The compounded pressures related to public health, the economy, and the policy environment under COVID-19 have created a great deal of both personal and business uncertainty; and have fundamentally disrupted the entrepreneurial economy. Many businesses closed their brick-and-mortar locations, changed their business operations, and faced significant uncertainty related both to the pandemic as well as to the market, societal, and public policy responses accompanying it. The widespread economic effects of the crisis have changed consumer demand and behavior, and its global impact has had implications for supply chains. Entrepreneurs are facing a threat to their health and that of their families, employees, and customers, as well as an economic recession and a new, more complicated policy and regulatory environment. These pressures are compounded by the substantial uncertainty about future changes in each of these domains. How is COVID-19 affecting entrepreneurs? And how has it changed the challenges that they face? This report shares findings from a spring 2020 survey of 850 entrepreneurs about their experience during the pandemic, and compares them to results from a survey of more than 400 entrepreneurs in fall 2019, prior to the pandemic.
Effect of Warm Rolling Process on Phase Transformation,Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-bainite Steel

Nanostructured bainite steel with an ultimate tensile strength of 2127 MPa, elongation of4% has been obtained by warm rolling followed with isothermal heat treatment.The effect of deformation temperature on transformation of nano bainites has been investigated. The results show that with a proper warm defromation, the time required for the transformation of the supercooled austenite into bainite can be shortened from 50 h to 20 h. The deformation rates of supercooled austenite adopted at all temperatures in the experiments can accelerate the low temperature nanobainite transformation, while the transformation rate increased with the decreasing deformation temperature. With a deformation rate above 30%, the retained austenites were sharply refined and the blocky austenites were diminished. The low temperature nano bainite transformation can be accelerated by warm rolling process without harm to the strength, thus shortening the time of heat treatment resulting in cost saving of the steel production.
Dietary interventions and blood pressure in overweight or obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary Background & aims Increased fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) beneficially impacts hypertension, yet researchers have not synthesized the effects of FVC interventions on blood pressure (BP) among overweight or obese individuals. Therefore, we aimed to examine if diets with increased FVC decrease BP in overweight and obese persons and explore effects of moderators, study methods, participants, intervention, and source characteristics. Methods A thorough literature search was conducted in CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertation & Theses, Scopus, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Last search was conducted on February 28, 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials, an increased FVC intervention, and a body mass index (BMI) ≥25. Studies were independently coded and evaluated for bias using Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing study bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool was used to evaluate the body of evidence, which was found to be moderate. Data was analyzed using Stata 16SE Software. We used a random effects model, comparing mean differences. Moderator analysis was conducted using meta-regression for continuous variables and meta-analytic ANOVA analog for categorical variables. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot symmetry, Begg and Mazumdar's rank and correlation, Egger's test of the intercept, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill. Results Ten studies met criteria, which included 6862 participants. Overall, effects of FVC interventions on systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 2.16 mmHg (p Discussion Our findings are encouraging in that FVC improves blood pressure. However, outcomes are limited by the small number of studies that met inclusion criteria, significant heterogeneity, possible publication bias, and several studies had quality concerns. Tests for publication bias indicated none and most heterogeneity among studies was explained with moderator analysis our findings should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions Increased FVC decreased SBP and DBP in obese and overweight individuals which may lower the risk of cardiovascular events. In the future, researchers might conduct higher quality studies and report quality indicators. Researchers might examine the effects of interventions for specific subgroups (overweight vs obese, younger vs older) and explore the impacts of diet-assisted technologies.
Deviance Matrix Factorization.

We investigate a general matrix factorization for deviance-based losses, extending the ubiquitous singular value decomposition beyond squared error loss. While similar approaches have been explored before, here we propose an efficient algorithm that is flexible enough to allow for structural zeros and entry weights. Moreover, we provide theoretical support for these decompositions by (i) showing strong consistency under a generalized linear model setup, (ii) checking the adequacy of a chosen exponential family via a generalized Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and (iii) determining the rank of the decomposition via a maximum eigenvalue gap method. To further support our findings, we conduct simulation studies to assess robustness to decomposition assumptions and extensive case studies using benchmark datasets from image face recognition, natural language processing, network analysis, and biomedical studies. Our theoretical and empirical results indicate that the proposed decomposition is more flexible, general, and can provide improved performance when compared to traditional methods.
Intravenous Lidocaine for Rib Fractures: Effect on Pain Control and Outcome.

BACKGROUND Multimodal analgesia in rib fractures (RFs) is designed to maximize pain control while minimizing narcotics. Prior research with intravenous lidocaine (IVL) efficacy produced conflicting results. We hypothesized IVL infusion reduces opioid utilization and pain scores. METHODS A retrospective review of RF patients at an ACS-verified Level I trauma center from April 2018 to 2/2020 was conducted. Patients (pts) stratified as receiving IVL vs no IVL. Initial lidocaine dose: 1 mg/kg/hr with a maximum of 3 mg/kg/hr. Duration of infusion: 48 h. Pain quantified by the Stanford Pain Score system (PS). Bivariate and multivariate analyses of variables were performed on SPSS, version 21 (IBM Corp). RESULTS 414 pts met inclusion criteria: 254 males and 160 females. The average age for the non-IVL = 67.4 ± 15.2 years vs IVL = 58.3 ± 17.1 years (P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for ISS, PS for initial 48 h, and ICU length of stay (LOS). There was a difference in morphine equivalents per hour: non-IVL = 1.25 vs IVL = 1.72 (P = .004) and LOS non-IVL = 10.2+/-7.6 vs IVL = 7.82+/-4.94. By analyzing IVL pts in a crossover comparison before and after IVL, there was reduction in opiates: 3.01 vs 1.72 (P < .001) and PS: 7.0 vs 4.9 (P < .001). Stanford Pain Score system reduction in the IVL = 48.3 ± 23.9%, but less effective in narcotic dependency (27 ± 22.9%, P = .035); IVL pts had hospital cost reduction: $82,927 vs $118,202 (P < .01). DISCUSSION In a crossover analysis, IVL is effective for reduction of PS and opiate use and reduces hospital LOS and costs. Patient age may confound interpretation of results. Our data support IVL use in multimodal pain regimens. Future prospective study is warranted.
Chapter 26. Approaches to the Discovery of Non-Peptide Ligands for Peptide Receptors and Peptidases

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the recent advances in various strategies available for the discovery of non-peptide ligands, such as peptide mimetics, for peptide receptors and peptidases. Empirical approaches to the discovery of peptide ligands have involved the screening of pure compounds and complex mixtures in biological assays. The screening of pure entities has generally afforded little reported success, with the exception of ligands, for the promiscuous μ-opioid receptor. The discovery of receptor ligands has proved to be more elusive. Apart from the report of a structurally uncharacterized bradykinin antagonist from Mandevilla relutina, the discovery of the CCK antagonist asperlicin remains as the single significant success. Several new applications of conformationally restricted amino acids have been described in this chapter. Analogues containing amide bond surrogates have frequently been utilized to investigate the aspects of peptide structure and function. Recently, several improved syntheses of (E)-alkene peptide mimetics have appeared, in which good stereochemical control of appropriate peptidic side chains was achieved. The design, synthesis, and pharmacology of novel dipeptide mimetics have recently been described. In all the preceding, dipeptide mimics seek to duplicate the configuration of the trans-amide bond. An intriguing challenge of peptide mimetic design is the discovery of structures that can model the 3-dimensional orientation of amino acid residues into the known secondary conformations of proteins: turns, helices, and sheets. The design of β-sheet and α-helix mimetics has also been discussed in the chapter. The goal of peptide mimicry is the discovery of structural leads or the development of strategies for molecular design that result in bioavailable peptide analogues. Although it may not be necessary to remove all peptide-like character to ach eve this objective, reduction of the molecular weight and resistance to peptidase action is required.
Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

The annual incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States has been estimated to range from 132 to 367 per 100,000 population per year, with approximately 120,000 severe head injuries (initial Glasgow Coma Score <9) per year. Of the patients with severe head injury, approximately 50% will die before reaching the hospital. Of the estimated 60,000 patients who present to emergency departments, more than 50% of these will have intracranial hypertension at or soon after arrival. Since direct correlations have been reported between increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and adverse outcome, it is important that physicians be able to rapidly identify and treat these patients. It should be emphasized that the management of TBI is complex and will involve early multidisciplinary management.
Abstract 12648: Deletion of 12/15 Lipoxygenase Improves Left Ventricle Function and Survival by Resolving Inflammation Post Myocardial Infarction

12/15 lipoxygenase (LOX) is crucial in the inflammatory process leading to diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the role of 12/15 LOX in myocardial infarction (MI) and left ventricle (LV) remodeling is unclear. We assessed the role of 12/15 LOX in resolving inflammation in post-MI LV remodeling. 8-12 weeks old C57BL/6J wild-type (WT; n=67) and 12/15 LOX (LOX–/–; n=78) male mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation surgery and monitored through day (d)1 and d5. No MI surgery mice were maintained as d0 naive controls. LOX-/- mice showed higher survival rate, improved fractional shortening with reduced remodeling and edema index than WT at d1 and d5 post-MI (all p<0.05). LOX-/- mice showed increased Cxcl5 expression at d1 post-MI, consistent with stimulated neutrophil recruitment in the infarct region that was decreased at d5 compared to WT. LOX-/- mice infarct had increased expression of Ccl2 and Cxcl1, that stimulated an earlier recruitment of monocytes with increased macrophages populati...
Native versus Nonnative: A Literacy Teacher Educator’s Story

This paper presents a story of a nonnative English-speaking teacher educator who prepares native English-speaking pre- and in-service teachers to teach literacy/language arts in elementary school. It portrays what the teacher educator has experienced in exploring the meaning and purpose of literacy education for native speakers. A critical investigation of the teacher educator’s pedagogical practices in relation to his philosophical perspectives stands out as the backbone of the story. Through this investigation, the tension between “native” and “nonnative” is cast in a new light and argued to be a positive quality that should be valued in the field of literacy education.
Composite-DBN for recognition of environmental contexts

People's behaviors are usually dictated by their surroundings. The surrounding environment affects the character and disposition of the people within it. The goal of our work is to automatically recognize the type of environments one is in. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical structure to recognize environments using the surrounding audio. We can use this structure to discover high-level representations for different acoustic environments in a data-driven fashion. Being able to perform such function would allow us to better understand how we could utilize such information to assist in predicting a person's emotion or behavior. To accurately make an informative decision about behaviors or emotions, it is important to have the ability to differentiate between different types of environments. Environmental sound contains large variances even within a single environment and is constantly changing. These changes and events are dynamic and inconsistent. The goal is to come up with models that is robust enough to generalize to different situations. Learning a hierarchy of sound types would improve and clarify problems caused by the confusion between multiple acoustic environments with similar characteristics. We propose a framework for a composite of deep belief networks (composite-DBNs) as a way to represent various levels of representations and to recognize twelve different types of common everyday environments. Experimental results demonstrate promising performance in improving the state of art recognition for acoustic environments.
Tools for Demographic Estimation

Several generations of demographers have learnt indirect techniques for demographic estimation through Manual X, published by the United Nations in 1983 (UN Population Division 1983). The manual re...
Degenerate fibres in the Stone-Cech compactification of the universal bundle of a finite group

Applied to a continuous surjection π: E → B of completely regular Hausdorff spaces E and B, the Stone-Cech compactification functor β yields a surjection βπ: βE → βB. For an n-fold covering map π, we show that the fibres of βπ, while never containing more than n points, may degenerate to sets of cardinality properly dividing n. In the special case of the universal bundle π: EG → BG of a p-group G, we show more precisely that every possible type of G-orbit occurs among the fibres of βπ. To prove this, we use a weak form of the so-called generalized Sullivan conjecture.
Possible proton-alpha scattering experiments at 40 MeV

Evaluation and comparison of various phase shift analyses of proton-alpha elastic scattering
Carbon-dioxide-induced exocytotic insertion of H + pumps in turtle-bladder luminal membrane: role of cell pH and calcium

The contents of endocytic vesicles and other intracellular organ-elles (such as Golgi and microsomes) are acidified by an elec-trogenic proton-translocating ATPase that is remarkably similar to that found in urinary epithelia1–10. We recently found that the number of H+ ATPases in the apical plasma membrane of these epithelia is regulated by exocytotic insertion of endocytic vesicles whose membranes contain this H+ pump2,10. Carbon dioxide, a major stimulus for urinary acidification, causes rapid fusion of these vesicles with the luminal membrane, thereby inserting these pumps there and increasing the rate of net transepithelial H+ secretion; CO2 also inhibits endocytic retrieval of the pumps from the luminal membrane11. Such reciprocal regulation of endocytosis and exocytosis by a physiological modulator makes this system particularly attractive for studying the cellular events regulating membrane fusion. Here we present evidence that CO2 induces exocytosis by a cascade of events, the first step of which is cytoplas-mic acidification. Cell acidification then increases calcium activity, which causes the fusion event.
An Exploratory Study of Male Recovering Substance Abusers Living in a Self-Help, Self-Governed Setting

Adult men (n=132; 92% of the population) with histories of alchol/drug use disorders were interviewed upon their entry to 11 Oxford Houses located in the state of Illinois. Individuals still in residence at a six-month follow-up (n=48) were reinterviewed; prior to the follow-up interview, 42 men had left voluntarily and 42 men had been evicted for abuse or disruptive behavior. The men remaining in residence tended to be older (M age=37 years), were disproportionately African American (56%), and were less pessimistic about their future. At the intake interview, individuals who would be evicted reported a lower expectation for abstinence social support from the other residents in Oxford House. The Oxford House model of social support for recovery from alcohol and drug dependence appears to help some residents maintain sobriety.
Protective Effect of Vitamin B12 Upon Hepatic Injury Produced by Carbon Tetrachloride.

SummaryAdministration of 15 /xg per 100 g body weight of vitamin B12 to rats preceding acute C:C14 intoxication inhibits the development of histologic changes, especially fatty metamorphosis and depletion of ribonucleic acid. In addition, there is less deposition of lipids determined biocheamically and less BSP retention than in the intoxicated controls. These results are tentatively related to an effect of vitamin B12 on cytoplasmatic ribonucleic acid, which has been shown to disappear early in hepatic, injury.
Early follicular serum müllerian-inhibiting substance levels are associated with ovarian response during assisted reproductive technology cycles.

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the concentration of early follicular phase serum mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) is associated with ovarian response in women undergoing ovulation induction in preparation for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Design: Retrospective analysis of frozen day 3 serum samples. Setting: Academic ART program. Patient(s): One sample of frozen day 3 serum from women with ≤6 retrieved oocytes (n = 28) compared with women with ≥11 oocytes retrieved (n = 79) in preparation for IVF. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Comparison of day 3 serum MIS levels between two groups of women. Other comparisons included maximum serum E 2 concentrations, number of retrieved oocytes, and percentage of mature oocytes between groups. Result(s): Mean serum MIS concentrations were 1.0 ± 0.4 ng/mL compared with 2.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL, or more than a 2.5-fold greater serum concentration of MIS in the group with ≥11 oocytes retrieved compared with in the group with ≤6 retrieved oocytes. Conclusion(s): These data demonstrate an association between early follicular phase serum MIS and the number of retrieved oocytes. Higher day 3 serum MIS concentrations were associated with greater number of retrieved oocytes.
Antiserum inactivation of hematopoietic colony forming stem cells from mice with rauscher leukemia

Nachweis, dass pluripotente Stammzellen von Mausen mit Rauscher-Leukamie teilweise durch Rauscher-Virus-Antiserum inaktiviert werden. Ein Teil der pluripotenten Stammzellen scheint vom Virus befallen zu sein.
What stands in the way of technology-mediated patient safety improvements?: a study of facilitators and barriers to physicians' use of electronic health records.

Objectives For electronic health records (EHR) systems to have a positive impact on patient safety, clinicians must be able to use these systems effectively after they are made available. This study's objective is to identify and describe facilitators and barriers to physicians' use of EHR systems.
Effects of different ion-implanted dopant species on the solid-phase epitaxy of LiNbO3 optical waveguides☆

Abstract While ion implantation of Ti into LiNbO3 has been shown to be an effective means of introducing the dopant for the purpose of producing an optical waveguide, oxidation and segregation of the Ti during annealing interferes with the solid-phase epitaxy so that high annealing temperatures are required, approaching 1000° C. Another waveguide dopant, Ag, does not oxidize as readily so that epitaxial regrowth occurs near 400° C, nearly independent of the dopant concentration. However, further annealing near 800° C is required to remove all residual radiation damage from the lattice. In the case of Ag, the mobility at this temperature is sufficiently high that the dopant diffuses into the substrate, destroying the dopant concentration profile. Pb exhibits an epitaxial regrowth behavior that is intermediate to Ag and Ti, with a mobility at 800° C that does not significantly alter the concentration profile. However, even after annealing at 900 ° C, Pb exhibits negligible substitutionality in the lattice.
The Effectiveness of Activities for Teaching EFL Writing in a Context of Vietnam

The article aims at pointing out what kinds of activities designed to improve the learners’ writing proficiency are effective in a Vietnamese context. With a two-group pretest and posttest design of an empirical research, the authors implemented a series of teaching activities in the classroom. The data were collected by means of pre-tests, post-tests, and interviews. The results indicated that the participants in the experimental condition significantly gained in their writing performance. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that the majority of participants positively evaluated the effectiveness of the activities. However, a consideration for contextual adjustment should be taken when several activities together might be overload to the learners. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v16i1-2.6132 NELTA 2011; 16(1-2): 82-96
Statistical Analysis of the Laboratory Methods Used to Detect Potato Virus Y

According to the rules of certification for seed potatoes in Idaho, the maximum allowed content of potato virus Y (PVY) in seed potatoes is 2%. A number of laboratory methods are available to test for the presence of PVY. These methods are likely to have different degrees of accuracy. Consequently, the choice of a method used to detect PVY is likely to affect the test outcome and therefore economic benefits received by seed potato growers. This paper presents a statistical analysis of PVY detection performance of a traditional ELISA-based method versus two new PCR-based methods. The latter are considered to possess superior characteristics as compared to ELISA. We find that PVY detection performance of one of the PCR-based methods is statistically different from PVY detection performance of ELISA. Furthermore, this PCR-based method is less likely to provide a PVY positive outcome. However, PVY detection performance of another PCR-based method is not statistically different from ELISA. Finally, we find that a type of sample material tested affects PVY detection outcome. A positive PVY outcome is less likely if potato tubers are tested and it is more likely if potato leaves are tested.
Since We Seem to Agree, Why Are the Outcomes so Difficult to Achieve?.

There is mounting evidence from faculty and employers that a broad set of skills and abilities are essential for student success as graduates, citizens, and employees. The traditional approach to general education with an emphasis on exposure to a menu of knowledge no longer suffices. Graduates need to be able to integrate their learning, apply it in real-world settings, and use it to address complex and unscripted problems. Examining the emergent research on student learning and key factors that deepen and enhance learning in essential areas for all students at our institutions leads us to developing new modes of measuring and assessing for learning among our students. One such new approach, the VALUE project, using rubrics and portfolios of student work, is described and discussed as a way to engage students in assessing their own leaning, while giving faculty useful information, and institutions reportable results for accountability.
Increased axonal proteolysis in myelin-deficient mutant mice

Protein degradation within retinal ganglion cell axons in vitro is 50 to 110 percent faster than normal in mutant mice exhibiting deficiencies of myelin in the central nervous system. Proteolysis is increased proximally and distally within retinal ganglion cell axons of mice carrying the jumpy mutation or its allele, myelin synthesis deficiency, and is increased distally within those axons of quaking mice. The proteolytic defect is axon (neuron)-specific since the rate of protein degradation within glial cells is normal. Increased axonal proteolysis does not bear a simple relation to hypomyelination since shiverer, another mouse mutant deficient in central myelin, displayed normal rates of axonal protein degradation under the same conditions. These observations suggest an abnormal axon-glial interaction in mice with primary glial defects and raise the possibility that the functioning of histologically normal axons (neurons) may be altered in dysmyelinating diseases.
Histidine 407, a phantom residue in the E1 subunit of the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, activates reductive acetylation of lipoamide on the E2 subunit. An explanation for conservation of active sites between the E1 subunit and transketolase.

Least squares alignment of the E. coli pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex E1 subunit and yeast transketolase crystal structures indicates a general structural similarity between the two enzymes and provides a plausible location for a short-loop region in the E1 structure that was unobserved due to disorder. The residue H407, located in this region, is shown to be able to penetrate the active site. Suggested by this comparison, the H407A E1 variant was created, and H407 was shown to participate in the reductive acetylation of both an independently expressed lipoyl domain and the intact 1-lipoyl E2 subunit. While the H407A substitution only modestly affected the reaction through pyruvate decarboxylation (ca. 14% activity compared to parental E1), the overall complex has a much impaired activity, at most 0.15% compared to parental E1. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements show that the binding of the lipoyl domain to the H407A E1 variant is much weaker than that to parental E1. At the same ti...
Monitoring experimental results

No matter whether an experiment is a success, a failure, or a mixture of the two, the E needs to see his results immediately to be able to plan his next study. For this purpose, he needs a rapid, simple, relevant analysis of the data. We define a version of this data-summarizing problem and describe a monitor program to solve it. One major decision is what search method and data file organization to use; We use the n-dimensional array method. We specify dependent variables in two parts: first, a measure code like proportion correct, reaction time, etc., and second, a series of coefficients to specify what items will make up the desired dependent measure. Our program is interactive and makes extensive use of default options. Some suggestions are made for the implementation of monitor programs on other hardware.
Effects of concentrate on barley silage and nitrogen utilization by lactating cows fed large amounts of urea.

Abstract Associative effects between the digestibility of barley silage and concentrate and the effect of concentrate feeding on nitrogen utilization were determined. Barley (41% dry matter) was ensiled with 0.5% urea. Concentrate contained protein and urea similar to barley silage on a dry basis. Concentrate was fed to lactating cows (8 per group) to provide either 0, 25, 50 or 75% of the estimated total digestible nutrient requirements for 40 days. Silage was available ad libitum. A digestibility and nitrogen balance trial with 5 cows per group began on Day 32. Silage intake decreased linearly (P .05) by concentrate intake indicating urea utilization was not influenced by concentrate feeding.
Bilateral coronary artery to left ventricular fistulas

Congenital coronary artery fistulas are important coronary artery anomalies. Bilateral coronary artery fistulas are very rare and coronary artery to left ventricular communications are even more infrequent. This report describes a patient with bilateral right and left coronary artery fistulas draining into a common channel and emptying into the left ventricular cavity.
Contemporary surgical management of pheochromocytoma.

Abstract Background The availability of laparoscopic adrenalectomy led us to review our experience and management of adrenal and extraadrenal pheochromocytoma. Methods Seventeen patients undergoing pheochromocytoma resection from January 1997 to August 2001 were categorized as open, laparoscopic, or laparoscopic assisted depending on the surgical approach. Hospital records were reviewed. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in patient age, weight or preoperative blockade. Operative times for open, laparoscopic, and laparoscopic assisted adrenalectomies were 202, 218, and 260 minutes, respectively. Estimated blood loss was 562 cc, 187 cc, and 925 cc. The average hospital length of stay was 6.2, 3.0, and 5.8 days. Conclusions Laparoscopic removal resulted in longer operative times than open, but less operative blood loss and a shorter hospital stay. The laparoscopic assisted approach did not save time nor did it lead to earlier discharge. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was comparable to the open approach, and is preferential in tumors less than 6 cm. An open approach remains our choice for larger or extraadrenal tumors.
Mechanistic Insights into RAD51-associated Protein 1 (RAD51AP1) Action in Homologous DNA Repair

Homologous recombination catalyzed by the RAD51 recombinase is essential for maintaining genome integrity upon the induction of DNA double strand breaks and other DNA lesions. By enhancing the recombinase activity of RAD51, RAD51AP1 (RAD51-associated protein 1) serves a key role in homologous recombination-mediated chromosome damage repair. We show here that RAD51AP1 harbors two distinct DNA binding domains that are both needed for maximal protein activity under physiological conditions. We have finely mapped the two DNA binding domains in RAD51AP1 and generated mutant variants that are impaired in either or both of the DNA binding domains. Examination of these mutants reveals that both domains are indispensable for RAD51AP1 function in cells. These and other results illuminate the mechanistic basis of RAD51AP1 action in homologous DNA repair.
SERS driven cross-platform based multiplex pathogen detection

We demonstrate a cross-platform approach to simultaneously detect three different pathogens using Raman and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and Ag-Au core-shell nanoparticles were functionalized with anti-Salmonella typhimurium aptamers, anti-Staphylococcus aureus and anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 antibodies respectively and labeled with unique Raman reporter molecules. A microfiltration step was used to consolidate a highly selective and specific detection platform, with total detection time under 45 min for both species (E. coli O157:H7 vs. S. typhimurium) and strain (E. coli O157:H7 vs. E. coli K12) level sensing at a limit of a detection ranging between 102 and 103 CFU/ml. This simple yet robust multiplex detection platform has the potential to be developed into a rapid and portable pathogen sensor for ultrasensitive detection in liquid samples.
Current Source Density Estimation Using Microelectrode Array Data from the Hippocampal Slice Preparation

The potentials recordable from the hippocampal slice using a microelectrode array are described assuming a model of neural current sources. Inverse Fourier filter techniques to compute the current source density (CSD) are described taking into account the uncertainty in knowledge of the height of the current source above the recording plane. A lower bound on the minimum necessary sampling interval is calculated as 100 ?m. Another calculation indicates it is unlikely that current sources are detectable if they are further than 250 ?m from the recording array. Inverse filters with relatively short focal distances avoid unnecessary attenuation of signals from more distant sources.
The neurons in the labellar nerve of the blow fly

Electronmicroscopical and electrophysiological studies were made on the nervus labialis and the sensilla connected with it in Phormia regina and Calliphora vicina. The proportion of the number of sensory neurons to the number of afferent nerve fibers in the labellum was determined by counting the sensilla and the axons of one labial nerve. It is probable that each sensory neuron is connected with the central nervous system through its own axon and that each axon is ensheathed by its own tunicated mesaxon fold. At the distal portion of the haustellum, neurons occur in the nervus labialis which are considered to be identical with the multipolar neurons found by Peters. Small nerve branches, each containing one large fiber, pass adjacent to the nerve and between the neighboring muscle cells, and a few large fibers pass within the nerve. These large fibers probably originate from the multipolar neurons. Alternate recordings were made from the nervus labialis and the tip of a taste hair during stimulation of the hair with static and flowing solutions. Impulses different from those of taste neurons occurred coincident with movements of the proboscis. These impulses could be produced intentionally by mechanical stimuli such as bending the hair or changing the rate of flow of the solutions. They are considered to be impulses of proprioceptors and possibly also stretch receptors. Thus the multipolar neurons within the labial nerve are probably not internuncials but mechanoreceptive sense cells.
The enunciation of the tenth muse in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's DICTEE

(2002). The enunciation of the tenth muse in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's DICTEE. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-20.
Asynchronous Learning: Emerging Issues for the 21st Century

This paper presents a discussion of emerging pedagogical, technical and regulatory issues in asynchronous learning. Based on discussions with several faculty members with more than 6 years of e-teaching experience, as well as administrators and business advisory board members, the paper presents several ongoing experiments and discusses the authorsâ€™ experiences with asynchronous learning. The paper should be useful for universities considering asynchronous learning, as well as businesses entering the asynchronous learning software market. The paper discusses the needs and opportunities for developing products compatible with emerging standards such as shareable content object reference model (SCORM), up-and-coming mobile broadband network technologies like 4G and identification technologies such as active RFID.
Source apportionment of primary and secondary organic aerosols using positive matrix factorization (PMF) of molecular markers

Abstract Monthly average ambient concentrations of more than eighty particle-phase organic compounds, as well as total organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), were measured from March 2004 through February 2005 in five cities in the Midwestern United States. A multi-variant source apportionment receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF), was applied to explore the average source contributions to the five sampling sites using molecular markers for primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA, SOA). Using the molecular makers in the model, POA and SOA were estimated for each month at each site. Three POA factors were derived, which were dominated by primary molecular markers such as EC, hopanes, steranes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and which represented the following POA sources: urban primary sources, mobile sources, and other combustion sources. The three POA sources accounted for 57% of total average ambient OC. Three factors, characterized by the presence of reaction products of isoprene, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene, and displaying distinct seasonal trends, were consistent with the characteristics of SOA. The SOA factors made up 43% of the total average measured OC. The PMF-derived results are in good agreement with estimated SOA concentrations obtained from SOA to tracer yield estimates obtained from smog chamber experiments. A linear regression comparing the smog chamber yield estimates and the PMF SOA contributions had a regression slope of 1.01 ± 0.07 and an intercept of 0.19 ± 0.10 μg OC m−3 (adjusted R2 of 0.763, n = 58).
On the design and modeling of microcontrolled fuzzy nuclear power plant controller

The article presents a working model of Control rod insertion in nuclear power plant based on fuzzy logic and implemented with MC68HC11 microcontroller. The control rods are made of neutron absorbing metal. The amount of control rod insertion into a pressurized water reactor in a nuclear power plant controls the nuclear fission process by controlling the rate at which the chain reaction takes place. The temperature in the pressurized water tank varies with the load of power, the higher the demand of power the higher the temperature and vice versa. The control rods help to maintain the appropriate temperature in the core of the reactor. Nuclear Power plants use a very complicated control scheme, to vary the amount of control rod insertion which is very expensive and difficult to troubleshoot. We have developed a fuzzy model, tested its functionality by generating control surfaces, written the fuzzy inference software, downloaded in the EEPROM of MC68HC11, and interfaced it with 8 LED Bar to simulate control rod and two 8-bit DIP switches to enter inputs of Power Generation and Temperature of the core of the reactor.
Raman/vibronic double-resonance spectroscopy of benzene-doped argon clusters

Abstract Results of mass-selective, ionization-loss stimulated Raman spectroscopy on benzene-(Ar)n, n = 1–22, clusters are reported. The results prove the existence of at least two different gross cluster types in the size range from n = 16–20. The evidence suggests that these cluster types are distinguished from one another by the number of Ar atoms bound in the plane of the benzene moiety.
The influence of various detergents on the esterase and glucose-6-phosphate activities of mouse liver microsomes.

Abstract Anionic [Na deoxycholate (DOC), Na cetyl sulfonate, Na lauryl sulfate, Na dodecyl benzene sulfonate], cationic (cetavlon, cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, laurylamine) and nonionic detergents (Lubrol W and Tween 80) have different effects upon esterase and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activities of mouse liver microsomes. The anionic and nonionic detergents solubilize esterase activity and microsomal proteins whereas the cationic ones partially inactivate and do not solubilize this enzyme or appreciable amounts of protein. G-6-Pase is activated by Lubrol W and DOC, is inactivated partially or completely by the other anionic detergents, but is less inactivated by the cationic detergents than is esterase. The solubilization of esterase but not G-6-Pase by the various detergents suggests that these enzymes probably have different sites in or on the microsomal membranes, or that one, esterase, is loosely bound and the other, G-6-Pase, is tightly associated with the microsomal membranes. The anionic detergent DOC and the nonionic detergent Lubrol W are able to protect to a limited extent and to a greater extent, respectively, esterase from the inactivating effect of cetavlon and of Na lauryl sulfate. This may be due to the preferential adsorption of DOC and Lubrol W to the esterase site on the microsomes, removal of which requires a fairly high concentration of the cationic detergent, cetavlon, or of Na lauryl sulfate.
Copyright Knowledge of Faculty at Two Academic Health Science Campuses: Results of a Survey

To determine whether health sciences faculty are sufficiently knowledgeable about copyright, fair use, and related precepts in their use of materials for teaching and research purposes, librarians at two comparable institutions, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), conducted a Web survey regarding copyright knowledge among their respective faculty. Responses were similar from both institutions despite the fact that UTHSCSA faculty had access to a more coordinated copyright education effort. Most respondents self-reported at least a limited familiarity with copyright law and fair use.
Cholesterol screening and management in children and young adults should start early--NO!

In 2011, an expert panel from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute released recommendations for universal lipid screening and treatment of high cholesterol in children. There is no evidence that universal screening will help children lead longer, healthier lives. These recommendations will, however, fuel the epidemic of overtreatment that is currently threatening our healthcare system and our patients. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
GIS: geography in action

Today, GIS continues to evolve rapidly enabled in part by the evolution of competing platform technology, increasing social demands for geographic knowledge and finally by the creative thinking and algorithm development of software engineers. This paper presentation will explore the science and application routes, provide some suggestions of where the technology will evolve and what this means for society in general.