cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An EXAFS study of the structure of supported cobalt molybdate catalysts as a function of sulfiding temperature

The oxide and sulfide forms of commercially available CoMoγ-Al2O3 have been studied with Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). Structural information was obtained for sulfiding temperatures from 25 to 600 °C. The oxygen coordination is somewhat uncertain for the oxide form of the catalyst, but values of 3 to 4 are indicated. Neither MoO3 or α-CoMoO4 are present. Very mild sulfiding conditions result in formation of MoS coordination with no measurable MoS2, but at increasing sulfiding temperatures, MoS2 crystallites are formed, their size increasing at the higher temperatures. Crystallite sizes ca. 15 A are evident between 300 and 400 °C. SMo ratios of 2 are calculated from EXAFS, considerably lower than implied by total sulfur uptake, with a value of 3, and MoS coordination numbers no greater than 4 are observed.
Indicators of Community Recovery: Content Analysis and Delphi Approach

Disaster recovery has been studied from a variety of perspectives including the fields of sociology, engineering, policy implementation, political-ecology, systems theory, geography, and urban planning, leading to a wide variety of definitions and indicators for measuring recovery. To assess what indicators can be used to measure both predisaster resilience and postdisaster recovery, an in-depth content analysis of recovery indicators in the existing literature was performed. Articles from 2000 to 2010 in four disaster-focused journals that include perspectives of engineers, social scientists, practitioners, and economists were analyzed. Articles were selected by a keyword search and analyzed for recovery indicators using an emergent coding scheme. Interestingly, many research articles never defined recovery. Recovery indicators were categorized as social, economic, environmental, and infrastructural. The indicators cited were analyzed based on the disciplinary affiliation of the author. Authors from different disciplines cited different indicators, suggesting that increased interdisciplinary collaboration may be needed. As a second step in this research, a multiround Delphi survey was used to obtain expert opinion on the recovery indicators. This process verified that the set of indicators identified through the content analysis were important and provided a rating of the importance of each indicator. Panelists also provided justifications for any ratings that differed from the median. Researchers can use these results as indicators of recovery in future studies. Similarly, practitioners will be able to use the condensed opinions of experts in the field of disaster recovery and planning.
Impact of Secondary Chordal Cutting on Mitral Valve Closure and Chordal Force Distribution in an Ischemic Dilated Ventricle: Engineering Insight and Clinical Implications

The Mitral Valve (MV) is the left atrioventricular valve that controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle (Fig 1A-B). It has four main components: (i) the mitral annulus – a fibromuscular ring at the base of the left atrium and the ventricle; (ii) two collagenous planar leaflets – anterior and posterior; (iii) web of chordae tendineae – classified into primary (inserting at the free edge of the leaflet), secondary (inserting into the base of the leaflet), tertiary (inserting into the annulus); and (iv) two papillary muscles that are part of the left ventricle. Normal function of the mitral valve involves a delicate force balance between different components of the valve.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Variations in the Nature of Metal Adsorption on Ultrathin Al 2 O 3 Films

First-principles density-functional calculations are used to study metal adsorption (Li, K, Y, Nb, Ru, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, and Al at 1/3-4 monolayer coverages) atop 5 ~ A1203 films on Al(Ill). The oxide-metal bond is ionic at Iow coverages but, with interesting exceptions, caused by polari@i ,~-cE!vED at high coverages where the overlayer is metallic. Binding trends are explained in terms of s'imp e concepts. Increasing overlayer thickness can cause the adsorbate-oxide interface structure to than . %lEc o ~ 1998 and while some metals wet, most do not.
Spermatogenesis as a model system for developmental analysis of regulatory mechanisms associated with tissue–specific gene expression☆

Abstract Spermatogenesis is a complex system leading to the formation of male gametes. Development of the spermatogenic cell lineage occurs throughout most of the pre– and post–natal lifetime of male mammals, and involves progression through a well–characterized series of stages and cell types. This progression is based on programmed gene expression. The mechanisms by which this tissue–, cell–type, and developmental–stage specific gene expression is regulated form the focus of an active area of investigation. In this review, I will summarize our efforts to elucidate these mechanisms through molecular analyses of the uniquely accessible mouse spermatogenic cell lineage.
Political Science Theory and Disability

Disability has emerged as an important social and political issue since the mid–twentieth century. Largely through the efforts of the disability rights movement, dramatic shifts have occurred in society's understanding of the nature of disability, disabled people's roles, and the content of public policies to address disability. Theories from the discipline of political science can enhance our understanding of the political systems and political behavior that led to these changes and the participation of disabled people in the political arena. This article presents a brief review of literature describing political science theories related to the issue of disability. Areas of theory reviewed include the models of disability underlying political science theories, disability rights as a social and political movement, models of disability public policies, and theories of justice that address disability. The article concludes with a summary and analysis of relationships among the current areas of political sci...
Cognitive‐behavioral group therapy for bulimia

The efficacy of 6 weeks of twice-weekly, cognitive-behavioral group therapy (n = 15) was compared with a waiting list control (n = 15) in 30 women with bulimia by DSM-III. Relaxation techniques and group discussions to alter dysfunctional attitudes regarding eating and appearance was used. A significant decrease in both binge and purge frequency was found in the treated compared with the wait-listed group. Treated subjects who decreased their binging and purging maintained improvement 4 months after treatment termination. However, overall absolute clinical efficacy was limited, as only four treated subjects showed a full remission of binge episodes. Longer treatment with more specifically tailored cognitive- behavioral techniques may be warranted in the search for more efficacious results for bulimia.
Mitral valve replacement for mitral lipoma associated with severe obesity

Adipose tissue is present in every mammalian heart. Its amount tends to increase with age. The most common location of fat in the heart is the subepicardium, particularly in the areas of the epicardial coronary arteries. Sometimes the subepicardial fat is so extensive that none of the myocardium covering the cardiac ventricles is visible. Occasionally the subepicardial fat is so extensive that it causes the heart to float in water.1 Most patients with extensive subepicardial fat also have fat between clumps of myocardial cells in the right ventricular wall. Additionally, some patients have fat on the mural endocardium of right ventricle and, occasionally, left ventricle. Another common location of cardiac fat is the atrial septum. When fat deposits in the most cephalad portion of the atrial septum are large, the phrase “lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum” has been applied. A rare location of cardiac fat is a cardiac valve. Although foam cells are commonly observed on the ventricular aspects of the mitral leaflets and on the aortic aspects of the aortic valve cusps, fatty tumorous deposits involving the mitral valve are extremely rare and no reports have described such tumors on a semilunar valve. At least 2 patients have been reported to have “lipomas” on 1 or more tricuspid valve leaflets.2,3 At least 3 patients with either “lipomas” or “fibrolipomas” involving the mitral valve have been described.4–6 All 3 previously reported patients with mitral lipomas had mitral regurgitation and each had mitral valve replacement. The present report describes another patient with a mitral lipoma excised at operation and briefly summarizes previously reported cases.
Flexible filters: load balancing through backpressure for stream programs

Stream processing is a promising paradigm for programming multi-core systems for high-performance embedded applications. We propose flexible filters as a technique that combines static mapping of the stream program tasks with dynamic load balancing of their execution. The goal is to improve the system-level processing throughput of the program when it is executed on a distributed-memory multi-core system as well as the local (core-level) memory utilization. Our technique is distributed and scalable because it is based on point-to-point handshake signals exchanged between neighboring cores. Load balancing with flexible filters can be applied to stream applications that present large dynamic variations in the computational load of their tasks and the dimension of the stream data tokens. In order to demonstrate the practicality of our technique, we present performance improvements for the case study of a JPEG encoder running on the IBM Cell multi-core processor.
Alternating scanning orders and combining algorithms to improve the efficiency of flow accumulation calculation

Conventionally, a raster operation that needs to scan the entire image employs only one scanning order i.e., single scanning order SSO, and the scan usually runs from upper left to lower right and row by row. We explore the idea of alternately applying multiple scanning orders MSO to raster operations that are based on the local direction, using the flow accumulation FA calculation as an example. We constructed several FA methods based on MSO, and compared them with those widely used methods. Our comparison includes experiments over digital elevation models DEMs of different landforms and DEMs of different resolutions. For each DEM, we calculated both single-direction FA SD-FA and multi-direction FA MD-FA. In the theoretical aspect, we deducted the time complexity of an MSO sequential algorithm MSOsq for FA based on empirical equations in hydrology. Findings from the experiments include the following: 1 an MSO-based method is generally superior to its counterpart SSO-based method. 2 The advantage of MSO is more significant in the SD-FA calculation than in the MD-FA calculation. 3 For SD-FA, the best method among the compared methods is the one that combines the MSOsq and the depth-first algorithm. This method surpasses the commonly recommended dependency graph algorithm, in both speed and memory use. 4 The differences between the compared methods are not sensitive to specific landforms. 5 For SD-FA, the advantage of MSO-based methods is more obvious in a higher DEM resolution, but this does not apply to MD-FA.
Oral manifestations of generalized systemic amyloid disease

Summary A case of primary systemic amyloidosis is reported and the disease entity is discussed. The oral findings, including changes in the tongue and gingiva, are described. The importance of lingual and gingival biopsies is stressed.
Frege on meaning

Rejetant l'interpretation de Frege comme theoricien de la signification, a laquelle ont contribue Carnap et Wittgenstein, l'A. montre qu'il existe une hierarchie d'interets dans la pensee de Frege, procedant de maniere systematique et historique des mathematiques et de l'epistemologie a la syntaxe et au langage formalise, avant d'aboutir a la question de la signification
Characteristics and treatment of four homicidal adolescents.

Abstract Four boys had attempted homicide using firearms, and in three instances the results were fatal. These boys were evaluated and treated because of highly dangerous behavior, either to others or themselves, while in a juvenile detention center. The two boys who had emotional relationships with their victims were suicidal, and they were treated with psychotherapy. The two boys who had shot strangers were hostile; they had destroyed property and fought with inmates and staff. These boys were managed with behavior therapy. Each of these individuals met DSM-III-R criteria for conduct disorder, had records of previous delinquent acts, and were free of psychotic symptomatology.
Expansion of the Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon peptidomes using transcriptome shotgun assembly sequence data.

Abstract The shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon are arguably the most important commercially farmed crustaceans. While expansion of their aquaculture has classically relied on improvements to rearing facilities, these options have largely been exhausted, and today a shift in focus is occurring, with increased investment in manipulating the shrimp themselves. Hormonal control is one strategy for increasing aquaculture output. However, to use it, one must first understand an animal’s native hormonal systems. Here, transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) data were used to expand the peptidomes for L. vannamei and P. monodon . Via an established bioinformatics workflow, 41 L. vannamei and 25 P. monodon pre/preprohormone-encoding transcripts were identified, allowing for the prediction of 158 and 106 distinct peptide structures for these species, respectively. The identified peptides included isoforms of allatostatin A, B and C, as well as members the bursicon, CAPA, CCHamide, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, diuretic hormone 31, eclosion hormone, FLRFamide, GSEFLamide, intocin, leucokinin, molt-inhibiting hormone, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, orcomyotropin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, red pigment concentrating hormone, RYamide, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F and tachykinin-related peptide families. While some of the predicted peptides are known L. vannamei and/or P. monodon isoforms (which vet the structures of many peptides identified previously via mass spectrometry and other means), most are described here for the first time. These data more than double the extant catalogs of L. vannamei and P. monodon peptides and provide platforms from which to launch future physiological studies of peptidergic signaling in these two commercially important species.
Collective bargaining by objectives: A positive approach

The article reviews the book “Collective Bargaining by Objectives. A Positive Approach,” by Reed C. Richardson.
Hemocytes of Mytilus edulis affected by Prudhoe Bay crude oil emulsion

Abstract Hemocytes and tissues of Mytilus edulis were examined after 4–5 or 8–9 week's exposure to 390 μg/liter or 740 μg/liter Prudhoe Bay crude oil emulsion, during the animals' most metabolically active season. A reduction in hemocytes occurred in animals exposed to 740 μg/liter after 4–5 weeks. After 8–9 weeks, hemocyte counts of both test groups increased, due to higher densities of granulocytes, yet the phagocytic response was reduced. Agranulocyte densities were reduced in animals exposed to 390 μg/liter, due to lower counts of 2–3 μm agranulocytes. Further, adipogranular cell percentages in test animals were reduced. The results from oil-exposed mussels suggest a stress condition and have implications for monitoring.
Circumstellar shells resolved in the IRAS survey data. I - Data processing procedure, results, and confidence tests

We have examined the IRAS 60 and 100 micron survey data covering 512 evolved stars and young planetary nebulae for evidence of spatially resolved structure. A simple model, consisting of a central unresolved source surrounded by a resolved isothermal shell, was fitted to the data for each star. Seventy-six stars were found to be resolved in the 60 micron data. Tests have been performed to verify that the extended structure seen is not an artifact of the data-processing algorithm.
Laterality of Cerebral Function: Relations with Anxiety, Repression, and Perception:

Based on two factor analyses of data from 67 right-handed undergraduates, a laterality quotient based on forward memory spans, spatial minus digit, divided by their sum, was devised. The hemispheric balance factor for which this quotient served as the principal marker had significant positive loadings by the laterality quotient for the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire and by a measure of repressive tendencies, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Scores from this factor were positively related to global as opposed to analytic perception as measured by the Navon tachistoscopic task. This factor was unrelated to the trait anxiety and working short-term memory factors which also emerged. Trait anxiety was negatively related to global perception. The results raise the possibility that greater degrees of right-handedness may be related to the release of the nondominant right hemisphere from inhibition and that working short-term memory may not be lateralized.
A Cyclesonde View of Coastal Upwelling

Abstract In August 1973, 320 vertical profiles of temperature and horizontal velocity were recorded during a 64 h period by an array of three Cyclesondes in the coastal upwelling region off Oregon. The mean interior along-shore velocity was geostrophic and a linear function of density, with a near-surface, equatorward jet at mid-shelf, and a poleward undercurrent at the shelf break. The mean cross-shelf flow was relatively weak and substantially ageostrophic; it was suggestive of a two-cell (co-rotating) circulation within the mid-shelf frontal zone and a two-cell (counter-rotating) circulation near the shelf break. The direction of the mean, near-bottom, cross-shelf flow was consistent with a bottom Ekman layer driven by the mean near-bottom alongshore flow. At mid-shelf, near-inertial motions with a vertical wavelength of 50 m, upward phase velocity, and downward group velocity persisted throughout the record. The hourly vector shears indicated a layer of persistent shear instability at the base of the ...
Trends in Neonatal Infections

The changing epidemiology of neonatal infections manifested in the first few weeks of life is described. The six infections discussed are herpes, hepatitis B, chlamydial infection, infection due to the group B streptococcus, gonococcal disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nursing actions to prevent the spread of these diseases are described, with particular emphasis on the importance of body substance precautions for all neonates.
New furanocoumarins detected from grapefruit juice retentate

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) furanocoumarins and related compounds have been shown to interact with the enterocyte cytochrome P450, CYP3A4, and as a result they affect the bioavailibility of certain drugs. Only a few grapefruit furanocoumarins have been identified so far. In this study, grapefruit juice retentate, rich in furanocoumarins, was extracted and then separated by flash chromatography for the examination of new compounds. Finally, nine new furanocoumarins were detected in different fractions according to their UV spectra and mass spectrometric properties by LC-MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) and tentatively designated as FC 338, FC 420, FC 524, FC 530, FC 540, FC 546, FC 552, FC 570 and FC 614.
Efficient Data Query in Intermittently-Connected Mobile Ad Hoc Social Networks

This work addresses the problem of how to enable efficient data query in a Mobile Ad-hoc SOcial Network (MASON), formed by mobile users who share similar interests and connect with one another by exploiting Bluetooth and/or WiFi connections. The data query in MASONs faces several unique challenges including opportunistic link connectivity, autonomous computing and storage, and unknown or inaccurate data providers. Our goal is to determine an optimal transmission strategy that supports the desired query rate within a delay budget and at the same time minimizes the total communication cost. To this end, we propose a centralized optimization model that offers useful theoretic insights and develop a distributed data query protocol for practical applications. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme and to gain useful empirical insights, we carry out a testbed experiment by using 25 off-the-shelf Dell Streak tablets for a period of 15 days. Moreover, extensive simulations are carried out to learn the performance trend under various network settings, which are not practical to build and evaluate in laboratories.
Developing the cellbot learning framework (CLF) - An interdisciplinary model for integrating mobile computing with robotics to innovate STEM education and outreach

Mobile computing and robotics have been used as two separate approaches to engage university and pre-university students in STEM education. We are in the process of developing an innovative learning model that combines these two approaches into an integrated framework, where students would learn to make robots and control them via Android applications. By creating these cellbots, students will learn Android app programming and robot building together. Through CLF, we strive to engage both university and pre-university students in a creative environment that enables joint learning of programming logic and engineering concepts. CLF will also serve as an interdisciplinary tool to interface science with engineering. It will further pave the way for building diverse student communities by bonding different learners. The overall goal is to enhance STEM curriculum and outreach activities for recruiting more STEM majors. As part of implementing CLF, we are developing a STEM workshop for high school students, which will consist of hands-on activities on working with BERO (Be The Robot) and designing cellbots. Our future plans comprise of deploying CLF in introductory STEM courses to promote the diverse and interdisciplinary nature of STEM disciplines.
High tolerance of lampreys to Kepone® toxicity

Larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were exposed to the organochlorine insecticide Kepone® in freshwater solution in a continuous flow diluter system at 12 and 20°C. At 12°, the 36-hr LC50, 96-hr LC50, and incipient lethal concentrations were 1,100, 444 and 145 μg Kepone/ L, respectively, while at 20°, the 96-hr LC50 was 414 μg/L. These are the highest LC50 values for Kepone ever reported for a fish species. Rates at which larval lampreys accumulate and clear Kepone were measured at 12°C. The depuration rate constant (Kd: 0.13–0.46 per day) was the highest ever reported in a fish species, so rapid elimination may contribute to the exceptional ability of lampreys to survive acute Kepone poisoning. The uptake rate constant (Ku) was 450–650 per day, and the bioconcentration factor averaged about 1900. The most likely source of high tolerance of lampreys to Kepone is an ability to withstand high tissue levels: Lampreys survived body burdens of 500–600 μg Kepone/g, exceeding all other known vertebrates. Technical difficulties associated with the use of Kepone solutions are discussed, such as precipitation and loss from solution through apparent volatilization.
Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California

. 1. Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall and A.polycarpa (Torrey) Watson (Chenopodiaceae) support twelve morphologically distinct gall types in southern California. Thirty-seven common species of parasitoids, predators and inquilines are associated with these galls. 2. The galls incited by eight members of the Asphondylia atriplicis Cockerell (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) species complex are linked into a single, interacting community through shared hymenopterous parasitoids and inquilines. 3. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) grouped the fifteen most common species of Chalcidoidea into three host guilds of five species each: (1) specialists in tumour stem and blister leaf galls on A.canescens, (2) specialists in woolly stem galls on A.poiycarpa, and (3) generalists that attack all galls. Guild 1 dominated the galls with which it was primarily associated, while guild 3 dominated the remainder. 4. The abundances of the parasitoids of the tumour stem and blister leaf galls were negatively correlated with the abundances of two organizer species, a gall-forming inquiline, Tetrastichus cecidobroter Gordh and Hawkins, and an internal, larval—pupal parasitoid, Tetrastichus sp. B. The abundances of nine of the twelve most common chalcidoids were not correlated with the abundances of all coaccurring species in six other galls. 5. Host seasonality partly determines parasitoid population dynamics and guild structure. Parasitoid dominance increased with gall duration, suggesting that parasitoid competition depends on resource stability. The two continuously available galls were dominated by their specialist guild, while all seasonal galls were dominated by generalists. The subdominant specialists of woolly stem galls may represent competitively inferior species that utilize those galls opportunistically, because of the gall's widespread distribution and 9–10 month yearly availability. 6. Sites in the Colorado Desert and chaparral that supported several gall types showed stable relative abundances of the major parasitoid species, whereas sites in the Mojave Desert that supported only woolly stem galls had unpredictable parasitoid species assemblages. 7. The competitive success of Atriplex gall parasitoids may depend primarily on voltinism (multivoltine species dominated univoltine species) and mode of feeding (phytophagous, mixed entomophagous—phytophagous and facultatively hyperparasitic species in general dominated strict primary parasitoids).
The impact of an integrated treatment on HIV risk behavior among homeless youth: a randomized controlled trial

While many studies provide useful information on the risk behaviors in which homeless youth engage, few prior studies evaluate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) risk related reduction strategies. In this study, homeless youth (n = 180) were recruited from a drop-in center and randomly assigned to one of two conditions, either an integrated individual cognitive-behavioral treatment and HIV prevention intervention that focused on skills building and education or to treatment as usual. All youth were assessed at entry into the program and at 3 and 6 month follow-up points. Findings showed an interaction between treatment condition, age and time. In the interaction, youth assigned to the integrated treatment reported greater condom usage than youth assigned to treatment as usual, with younger youth assigned to treatment as usual showing no change in condom use. The number of sexual partners reported by youth in both treatment conditions was also reduced over time. However, youth in both conditions continued to engage in other high-risk behaviors. The integrated treatment findings are promising and suggest that interventions which target both HIV risk behavior in addition to other life areas (substance use, mental health and housing) among homeless youth may be necessary in order to significantly impact high-risk behaviors among this unique group.
BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS : AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FROM BEHAVIOR THEORY

A less-than-optimal proportion of patients with cancer are entered into National Cancer Institute-sponsored clinical trials. This article reviews the literature on accrual in oncology clinical trials to characterize the extent of the problem, identify reasons for low accrual, and suggest ways to promote accrual. Four well known theories of health behavior (the Health Belief Model, Subjective Expected Utility Theory, Protection Motivation Theory, and the Theory of Reasoned Action) point to central concepts involved in understanding patient health-related behavior: (1) the probability that an unwelcomed health event will happen to a patient, (2) the severity of that event if it does occur, (3) the effectiveness of a particular behavior (such as taking part in a clinical trial) to modify the severity, and (4) the cost of adopting that behavior. These concepts form a framework for integrating the available information about accrual to clinical oncology trials. Patient and physician factors previously related to clinical trials suggest specific recommendations for increasing accrual to clinical oncology trials.
MIC metadata strategies: Thinking beyond asset management

This paper examines the metadata strategies of Moving Image Collections (MIC), a collaboration of the Library of Congress and the Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA). MIC offers a union catalog, archive directory and informational resources about moving images and their preservation, through a portal structure delivering customized information to diverse constituencies. The paper discusses three key principles underlying MIC's strategy and how they have been applied to meet the respective missions of the two co-sponsors. The key principles are promotion of standards, acceptance of diversity in collections and schemas, and the need to extend effective metadata use to all repositories. This visionary metadata strategy takes MIC's functionalities beyond asset management. MIC creates a framework for collaborative community building and an R&D platform to explore issues of digital rights management, low-level indexing and the intersection of public and private sector goals, in an effort to advance the Library of Congress mission to preserve and educate.
Single-unit discharges in isolated cerebral cortex.

Abstract A reduction in the number of spontaneously active units was found in the isolated cortex as compared to normal cortex under similar experimental conditions. Furthermore, any spontaneously active unit either ceased firing completely or markedly decreased in rate of firing during the silent periods which occasionally interrupted the spontaneous electrical activity (EEG) of the isolated hemicortex. While in all cases the EEG active periods and silent periods coincided with single unit active and silent periods, within the active periods the majority of cells had no particular recognizable relationship to the EEG phase or amplitude. A few units, however, increased their rate of firing during the positive phase of slow waves in the EEG, and, rarely, others appeared to decrease their discharge rate during EEG negative going slow waves. If the concept that EEG activity represents summated postsynaptic potentials is valid, one might expect to find a more highly synchronized (to EEG) unit population than was observed, since the only source of presynaptic drive in this preparation was the cortical neurons themselves. The results also suggest that silent periods were produced in both EEG and unitary activity by the influence of some third factor, possibly involving the cerebral circulation.
Peripheral cannabinoids attenuate carcinoma-induced nociception in mice

We investigated the cannabinoid receptor (CBr) agonists Win55,212-2 (non-selective) and AM1241 (CBr2 selective) and the peripheral receptor (CBr1) in carcinoma-induced pain using a mouse model. Tumors were induced in the hind paw of female mice by local injection of a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Significant pain, as indicated by reduction in withdrawal thresholds in response to mechanical stimulation, began at four days after SCC inoculation and lasted to 18 days. Local administration of Win55,212-2 (10 mg/kg) and AM1241 (10 mg/kg) significantly elevated withdrawal thresholds, indicating an antinociceptive effect. Ipsilateral expression of CBr1 protein in L5 DRG was significantly upregulated compared to ipsilateral L4 DRG and in normal tissue. These findings support the suggestion that cannabinoids are capable of producing antinociception in carcinoma-induced pain.
Interference Minimization and Dynamic Sub-Carrier Allocation in Broadband Wireless Networks

Efficient channel allocation is the key to fully exploit the signal diversity presented in the multi-carrier physical link in today's broadband wireless access networks. There are mounting evidences that the 4G and future-generation systems will take advantage of two opposite types of access methods, one using centralized control method and the other using a distributed approach. The authors study the distributed channel allocation problem in this article, formulated as a non-linear optimization problem, in broadband wireless networks. The signal properties of the multi-carrier radio interface in 3G and 4G networks are discussed to comprehend the complexity of the channel allocation problem. The authors propose a novel distributed heuristic algorithm based on the particle-swarm searching method. The distributed approach allows user stations to quickly switch sub-carriers with minimum intervention from the base station. The work presented in this paper shows an effective method to allocate a large number of channels while minimizing the possible interference. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate several versions of distributed channel allocation algorithm for these new problem settings. The authors' results show that PSO-based method converges quickly in all our numerical experiments despite the high-dimensional searching space. The proposed technologies will eventually allow the true mobile steaming video/audio experience anywhere and anytime, which will have the huge impact to business, entertainment and people's quality of life.
Association of non-marine sulfate aerosol with sea breeze circulation in Tampa bay

Abstract Peak concentrations of aerosol sulfur in Tampa, Florida may be the result of either regional-scale transformation and transport processes or local-scale transport from nearby air pollution sources. The existence of the latter has been demonstrated in Tampa through correspondence of sulfur with sea breeze circulation patterns and the resulting chloride concentration maxima (which serve as indicators of the marine aerosol), vanadium concentration maxima (which indicate times of high concentrations of certain plume constituents), and the locations of sources favorable for high concentrations of air pollution-derived sulfate during occurrences of the sea breeze. The analysis indicates that locally derived sulfate in the Tampa atmosphere, which may be less abundant than sulfate due to regional-scale processes, can be identified by the use of combined meteorological and chemical tracer interpretation.
A Single Steroid-binding Site is Sufficient for Potentiation of GABA-A Receptors

Neuroactive steroids are efficacious potentiators of GABA-A receptors. Recent work identified a site in the α1 subunit of the GABA-A receptor which is essential for potentiation by steroids. However, each receptor contains two copies of the α1 subunit, leading to questions of whether both sites are required and whether the sites mediate distinguishable effects. We generated subunit concatemers so the α1 subunits could be mutated separately, and examined consequences of a mutation which removes potentiation by most neurosteroids (α1 Q241L) and a mutation which mimics the presence of bound steroid (α1 Q241W). Concatemers were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and activation by GABA, potentiation by neuroactive steroids and the agonist activity of the partial agonist P4S were determined. When the α1 Q241L mutation is made in both α1 subunits the EC50 for activation by GABA is shifted to higher concentration and the ability of neurosteroids to potentiate responses to a low concentration of GABA is lost. Conversely, when the α1 Q241W mutation is made in both subunits the EC50 for GABA is shifted to lower concentration, the relative ability of P4S to activate the receptor is increased and potentiation by neurosteroids is lost. For both, mutation of only one α1 subunit did not produce the full effect of mutating both sites. Hence, the presence of a single wild-type site is sufficient to mediate all effects seen in macroscopic responses. Overall, mutation of the α1 subunit between the γ and β subunits had a larger effect, which might reflect a subtle difference between sites or a consequence of subunit position. The data demonstrate that at a macroscopic level the presence of a single wild-type steroid-binding site is sufficient to mediate the responses to steroid. Supported by grant P01 GM047969.
An Exact Result for the Macroscopic Response of Particle-Reinforced Neo-Hookean Solids

Making use of an iterated homogenization procedure in finite elasticity, an exact and explicit result is derived for the macroscopic response of Neo-Hookean solids reinforced by a random and isotropic distribution of rigid particles. The key theoretical and practical features of the result are discussed in light of comparisons with recent approximations and full-field simulations.
Discrete Layer Solution to Free Vibrations of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic Plates

Natural frequencies of orthotropic magneto-electro-elastic graded composite plates are determined using a discrete layer model with two different approaches. In the first, the functions describing the gradation of the materials properties through the thickness of the plate are incorporated into the governing equations. In the second approach, the plate is divided into a finite number of homogeneous layers. The model is validated by comparing the natural frequencies of a simply supported Al/ZrO2 graded square plate with the exact solution. Excellent agreement is obtained. Rectangular plates with different boundary conditions, aspect ratios, and made of different types of composite materials are also considered: Al/ZrO2 and BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 plates for which the volume fraction of the phases change as a function of the z coordinate, graphite/epoxy plates with the orientation of the fibers changing through the thickness of the plate, and plates having an exponential variation of the material properties. Applica...
Dissolution Profiling of Six Modified-Release Oral Solid Dosage Forms

AbstractDissolution testing was conducted for six non-combination, single entity, modified-release oral solid dosage forms. Dissolution medium was water and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. USP Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2 were used arid were rotated at either 50 or 100 rpm. A complete dissolution profile was obtained for all six dosage forms based on their stated dosing interval, D. The three strengths of Theo-dur tablets, Norpace CR 150 mg capsules, and the two strengths of Chlor-trimeton tablets passed the Compendial Case One requirements (USP XXI, 2S, 1906). Thorazine spansules and Quinidex tablets were unable to meet the specifications with water as the dissolution medium; the latter showed improved dissolution character in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Tenuate Dospan 75 mg tablets showed good release characteristics in water when the authentic (dosing interval (D = 24 hours) was changed to a modified dosing interval of D* = 12 hours. All dissolution aliquots were assayed by UV absorbance measurements at the absor...
H 2 and non h 2 interaction in expression of mutant histo compatibility gene h kh 11

H(KH-11) is a mouse mutant histocompatibility gene, the expression of which, as detected by skin graft rejection, requires the presence of a second gene in the graft donor which is associated with theH-2 b haplotype, but not withH-2 d. The mutant gene is not linked to theH-2 complex and may be carried and transmitted with or without expression, as predicted by classical Mendelian genetics.
The effect of multilure on parasites of the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus.

Multilure, the aggregation attractant for the smaller European elm bark beetle, Seolytus mullistriatus (Marsham), is being used to bait traps for bark beetle surveys and bark beetle suppression studies (Arciero 1979, Birch 1979, Cuthbert and Peacock 1979, Lanier 1979, Lanier et al. 1976).
Pulmonary Response of Rats Exposed to Polytetrafluoroethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene Hexafluoropropylene Copolymer Fume and Isolated Particles

AbstractRats were exposed to thermal degradation products of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP). The approximate lethal concentration (ALC) of fume evolved over 4 h from PTFE at 425°C was 0.1 mg/m3 in a glass battery jar. The ALC of particulate generated in National Bureau of Standards (NBS) exposure chamber was 0.3 mg/m3 of FEP pyrolysis products evolved for 30 min at 560°C. Numerous particles were evolved from PTFE and FEP pyrolysis, but fresh small particles (0.02–0.15 μm) appeared to be a toxic agent. Exposed rats died due to respiratory difficulty with pulmonary congestion and edema. When these particles were aged, they were agglomerated. lntratracheal instillation in rats with 0.05 mg of aged PTFE particulate agglomerates did not produce the generalized pulmonary edema as produced by the inhalation exposure. Respiratory epithelial damage in nasal cavity or airways was minimal in rats exposed to PTFE or FEP fume by inhalation. Pulmonary lesions ...
Entanglement in Dual Relationships in a University Counseling Center

ABSTRACT The likelihood of dual relationships is greater in a university setting due to the institution's mission, size and the students' residency on campus. Dual relationships require a clinician to safely navigate the therapeutic relationship through potential dangers. Five guiding principles, rooted in good clinical judgment and common sense, are presented along with illustrating case studies.
Crystal growth and mechanical characterization of ZrMo2O8

Abstract We report a fluxing technique for ZrMo 2 O 8 single crystal growth. The volatility of MoO 3 coupled with the limited temperature range of its stability with the liquid phase makes the single crystal growth of ZrMo 2 O 8 a formidable challenge. Single crystal growth of ZrMo 2 O 8 was carried out in a horizontal tubular furnace using a platinum boat and utilizing Li 2 MoO 4 as a fluxing agent. The synthesized faceted crystals were up to 3 mm along the maximum dimension. Laue and single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure having a space group C 1 2/c 1 (S.G#15), and a single crystallographic domain within the crystals. Reduced elastic modulus and hardness were determined to be 108±4 GPa and 6.4±0.2 GPa respectively using nanoindentation. Appearance of additional peaks in Raman spectra of the indented region when compared with the fresh crystal indicated a possible pressure induced phase transformation during indentation.
Publication misrepresentation among otolaryngology residency applicants

Abstract Objective To assess the extent of research publication misrepresentation among otolaryngology residency applicants and to determine applicant attributes associated with misrepresentation. Study Design Prospective study. Setting A single otolaryngology residency program. Subjects and Methods Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) applications to the incoming 2010 class of an otolaryngology residency program were reviewed for peer-reviewed journal publications reported as “provisionally accepted,” “accepted,” or “in print.” Publications were verified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and electronic journals. Applicants with remaining unverified publications were e-mailed before announcing interviews. Erroneously reported or unverifiable publications were considered misrepresented. Results There were 432 publications reported by 173 of 325 applicants (53.2%). Twenty-two publications (5.1%) were misrepresented by 17 applicants (9.8%). Contacting applicants verified 26 publications and identified 10 errors. Seven publications were inappropriately reported as provisionally accepted, three articles were not peer-reviewed, and applicants were erroneously listed as first author on two publications. Ten publications remained unverifiable. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that being an international medical graduate ( P = 0.002) and male gender ( P = 0.040) were predictors of misrepresentation after adjusting for potential confounders. Among international medical graduates alone, no attributes were associated with misrepresentation. All U.S. applicants with misrepresented publications were male ( P = 0.033) and were from a medical school not ranked in the top 50 by U.S. News & World Report for research ( P = 0.002) or primary care ( P = 0.018). Conclusion Misrepresentation of research experience exists among otolaryngology residency applicants. ERAS should develop standardized definitions for publication statuses to help reduce inadvertent misrepresentation.
The tenascin family of ECM glycoproteins: structure, function, and regulation during embryonic development and tissue remodeling.

The determination of animal form depends on the coordination of events that lead to the morphological patterning of cells. This epigenetic view of development suggests that embryonic structures arise as a consequence of environmental influences acting on the properties of cells, rather than an unfolding of a completely genetically specified and preexisting invisible pattern. Specialized cells of developing multicellular organisms are surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix (ECM), comprised largely of different collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. This ECM is a substrate for tissue morphogenesis, lends support and flexibility to mature tissues, and acts as an epigenetic informational entity in the sense that it transduces and integrates intracellular signals via distinct cell surface receptors. Consequently, ECM-receptor interactions have a profound influence on major cellular programs including growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. In contrast to many other ECM proteins, the tenascin (TN) family of glycoproteins (TN-C, TN-R, TN-W, TN-X, and TN-Y) display highly restricted and dynamic patterns of expression in the embryo, particularly during neural development, skeletogenesis, and vasculogenesis. These molecules are reexpressed in the adult during normal processes such as wound healing, nerve regeneration, and tissue involution, and in pathological states including vascular disease, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. In concert with a multitude of associated ECM proteins and cell surface receptors that include members of the integrin family, TN proteins impart contrary cellular functions, depending on their mode of presentation (i.e., soluble or substrate-bound) and the cell types and differentiation states of the target tissues. Expression of tenascins is regulated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines, vasoactive peptides, ECM proteins, and biomechanical factors. The signals generated by these factors converge on particular combinations of cis-regulatory elements within the recently identified TN gene promoters via specific transcriptional activators or repressors. Additional complexity in regulating TN gene expression is achieved through alternative splicing, resulting in variants of TN polypeptides that exhibit different combinations of functional protein domains. In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in TN biology that provide insights into the complex way in which the ECM is regulated and how it functions to regulate tissue morphogenesis and gene expression. Dev Dyn;218:235–259. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.