cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acoustophoretic Sorting of Viable Mammalian Cells in a Microfluidic Device

We report the first use of ultrasonic acoustophoresis for the label-free separation of viable and nonviable mammalian cells within a microfluidic device. Cells that have undergone apoptosis are physically smaller than viable cells, and our device exploits this fact to achieve efficient sorting based on the strong size dependence of acoustic radiation forces within a microchannel. As a model, we have selectively enriched viable MCF-7 breast tumor cells from heterogeneous mixtures of viable and nonviable cells. We found that this mode of separation is gentle and enables efficient, label-free isolation of viable cells from mixed samples containing 106 cells/mL at flow rates of up to 12 mL/h. We have extensively characterized the device, and we report the effects of piezoelectric voltage and sample flow rate on device performance and describe how these parameters can be tuned to optimize recovery, purity, or throughput.
Applications of freeze-fracture replication to problems in materials and colloid science.

Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure and the macroscopic properties of polymer solutions and gels, oil-water-surfactant emulsions, lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals, colloidal dispersions, detergents, and other such “microstructured fluids” is essential to the optimal use of these commercially important materials. Modern rapid-freezing methods followed by freeze-fracture replication techniques are ideally suited to allow the direct visualization of the three-dimensional structure of the particles or units that make up the dispersion, while simultaneously revealing their orientation and distribution with molecular resolution. This paper reviews the necessary experimental conditions required to successfully exploit the freeze-fracture technique as it applies to microstructured fluid systems. The benefits and limitations of structural studies by freeze-fracture techniques as opposed to the more commonly used light, X-ray, and neutron-scattering methods are discussed. Freeze-fracture replicas can also be imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy to reveal directly three-dimensional fracture contours with improved resolution.
Treatment and Prognosis of Patients with Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A National Perspective

Background Surgery remains the only potentially curative option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC). We sought to investigate the differences over time in surgically managed FLC compared with conventional HCC using population-based data. Study Design Using SEER data, we identified 7,225 patients with surgically managed FLC or HCC from 1986 to 2008. We examined differences in clinicopathologic and surgical factors associated with long-term survival. Results Of the 7,225 patients, the majority had HCC (n = 7,135; 99%) vs FLC (n = 90; 1%). Patients with FLC were younger (25 years vs 59 years) and more often were women (44% vs 27%) than patients with HCC (both p Conclusions Patients with FLC have many clinicopathologic features that are different from those of patients with HCC, including younger age and female sex. Despite a higher likelihood of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, surgically treated FLC patients had better long-term outcomes than patients with conventional HCC.
Gust Loads with Uncertainty Due to Imprecise Gust Velocity Spectra

Gust loads on a rigid, flat-plate airfoil at zero angle-of-attack were simulated given imprecise knowledge of atmospheric turbulence spectra. Aerodynamic loads were computed with an unsteady vortex lattice model, which includes temporal variations in wake vorticity and the associated downwash on the airfoil. The non-intrusive formulation of the polynomial chaos expansion in terms of the multivariate Hermite polynomials was employed to quantify the predicted uncertainty in the unsteady lift. Expansion coecients were estimated through Latin hypercube sampling of the parameters in the vertical and streamwise gust spectra. The first-order chaos expansion in terms of the uncertain spectral parameters was found to be sucient for representing the stochastic aerodynamic lift and the stochastic lift was found to be most sensitive to imprecision in the standard deviation of the vertical turbulence component. These conclusions were found to be unaected by ignoring the eects of gusts on the locations of the shed vortices in the airfoil’s wake.
A genetic algorithm as the learning procedure for neural networks

A way in which a neural network can implement a genetic algorithm as its learning algorithm is shown. This model is called GLANN (genetic learning algorithm for neural networks). The components of GLANN can be shown to be biologically plausible. The algorithm itself can be classified as a reinforcement learning algorithm. The neural network has a fixed architecture and processes binary strings using genetic operators. Learning is stored in the form of newly created patterns, which can then be stored in some kind of associative memory. The benefits of GLANN reside in the proven optimizing capabilities of genetic algorithms, and in its parallel implementation. The shallow two-level architecture translates into system scalability, an issue that has not been successfully resolved in the case of other neural network algorithms. >
Plasticizer-free microspheres for ionophore-based sensing and extraction based on a methyl methacrylate-decyl methacrylate copolymer matrix

Abstract Plasticizer-free methyl methacrylate-decyl methacrylate (MMA-DMA) microspheres were prepared under mild, non-reactive conditions using a high-throughput particle generator. The particles were perfectly smooth and monodisperse, with a particle diameter of approximately 10.0 μm. In order to evaluate the suitability of the polymer as a matrix for bulk extraction processes, lipophilic sensing components were incorporated into the particles. Particles contained either a H + -selective chromoionophore (ETH 5294) only (type 1), or a K + -selective ionophore (BME-44), anionic sites (NaTFPB), and ETH 5294 (type 2). Type 1 particles responded according to an anion–proton coextraction mechanism and demonstrated Hofmeister selectivity by showing a preference for more lipophilic sample anions (ClO 4 − >NO 3 − >Cl − ). Particles of type 2 functioned by way of an ion-exchange equilibrium and demonstrated a functional response for K + , with a dynamic range from 10 −1 –10 −4 M K + . These particles also exhibited selectivity comparable to that previously reported for analogous particles made from bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate) (DOS)-plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and DMA-DOS. In addition, the behavior of both types1 and 2 particles was in agreement with analogous thin film optical sensors (optodes) prepared from MMA-DMA. With the advent of ionophore-based plasticizer-free microspheres a wide variety of ions may potentially be assessed using various popular bead-based sensing strategies, such as lab-on-a-chip technologies, bundled optical fiber arrays, and flow cytometry, without experiencing the deleterious effects resultant of plasticizer leaching.
First Trimester Diagnosis of Omphalocele: Differentiating Between Omphalocele and Normal Physiologic Gut Herniation

Normal physiologic herniation of the fetal bowel is often seen on first trimester sonogram. An omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect that occurs as a result of herniation into the umbilical cord and is often associated with chromosomal anomalies. This case report presents an omphalocele seen in the first trimester and discusses how to differentiate this finding from normal physiologic bowel herniation.
Insights into viral transmission at the uterine–placental interface

During human gestation, viruses can cause intrauterine infections associated with pregnancy complications and fetal abnormalities. The ability of viruses to spread from the infected mother to the fetus arises from the architecture of the placenta, which anchors the fetus to the uterus. Placental cytotrophoblasts differentiate, assume an endothelial phenotype, breach uterine blood vessels and form a hybrid vasculature that amplifies the maternal blood supply for fetal development. Human cytomegalovirus – the major cause of congenital disease – infects the uterine wall and the adjacent placenta, suggesting adaptation for pathogen survival in this microenvironment. Infection of villus explants and differentiating and/or invading cytotrophoblasts offers an in vitro model for studying viruses associated with prenatal infections.
Vehicle reidentification and travel time measurement, part II: uncongested freeways and the onset of congestion

For pt. I see ibid., p. 138-143. From an operations standpoint, the most important task of a traffic surveillance system is determining reliably whether the facility is free flowing or congested. The second most important task is responding rapidly when the facility becomes congested. Other tasks, such as quantifying the magnitude of congestion, are desirable, but tertiary. The tasks are complicated by the fact that conventional vehicle detectors are only capable of monitoring discrete points along the roadway. The detectors are typically placed at least 0.5 km apart and conditions between the detectors must be inferred from the local measurements. To address the first two tasks, this paper presents a new approach for traffic surveillance. It uses existing dual loop detector stations to match vehicle measurements between stations and monitor the entire roadway. Rather than expending a considerable effort to detect congested conditions, the research employs a relatively simple strategy to look for free flow traffic. The work should prove beneficial for traffic management and traveler information applications, while promising to be deployable in the short term.
Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) presenting as a dumbbell tumor.

Present address: A. Paterson Department of Radiology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, 180 Falls Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland Sir, A previously well 15-year-old girl presented with pelvic pain and intermittent paresthesia of the right lower extremity. A complete blood count revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis, and immature cells were seen in the peripheral blood film. A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was made following a bone marrow biopsy. A CT scan showed multiple paraspinal mass lesions and a spinal MR scan was performed. Axial T1-weighted MR images at the level of T9 (Fig. 1) showed bilateral, isointense paraspinal mass lesions which extended through the intervertebral foramen on the right side and caused extradural compression of the thecal sac. A diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) was made. Five days
A Note on the Waldron Construction for Transmission Angle Rectification

Graphical methods for synthesizing planar four-bar linkage motion generators to pass through two or three precision positions are well known. However, the practicality of these methods is limited by a high probability that the resulting linkages will suffer from kinematic defects. These may include change of circuit, change of branch or poor transmission angle. This technical brief distills earlier work of Waldron and associates (Chaung, J. C, Strong, R. T., and Waldron, K. J., 1981, J. Mech. Des., 103(3), pp. 657–664, Sun, J. W. H., and Waldron, K. J., 1981, Mech. Mach. Theory, 16(4), pp. 385–397, and Waldron, K. J., 1976, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 98(1), pp. 176–182) to an approachable procedure for controlling the transmission angle of four-bar linkages during synthesis. The procedure simultaneously eliminates the branch defect. It eliminates the circuit defect for some Grashof types but not others. The procedure is integrated with the established graphical synthesis methods by the addition of a few easily implemented substeps. The procedure is simple enough to be performed manually by undergraduates. Nevertheless, it is powerful enough to substantially improve the likelihood that the synthesized linkages will perform well when constructed. The procedure is explained in reference to an application.
The implementation of a nonpharmacologic protocol to prevent intensive care delirium.

Abstract Purpose The purpose was to determine if the implementation of an evidence-based nonpharmacologic protocol reduced the percentage of time patients spent delirious in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) that already uses a sedation and mobility protocol. Materials and methods This was a prospective, pre-post quality improvement project of MICU patients conducted from September 2013 to April 2014. Evidence-based effective nonpharmacologic interventions with nursing education were bundled into the project protocol: music, opening/closing of blinds, reorientation/cognitive stimulation, and eye/ear care. Results Patients were evaluated between September 2013 and April 2014, with 230 and 253 patients being included in the each phase. There was a 50.6% reduction (16.1% vs 9.6%, P P = .04). The protocol reduced the odds of developing delirium by 57% (odds ratio, 0.43; P = .005) after controlling for age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, mechanical ventilation, and dementia. Conclusions The implementation of a nonpharmacologic delirium prevention protocol resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of time spent delirious in the MICU while reducing the risk of delirium development. Additional studies with more rigorous study designs need to be completed to further the research of nonpharmacologic interventions with appropriate sedation and mobility protocols.
Plasma flow reactor studies of H2/O2/Ar kinetics

In the present study, a plasma flow reactor (PFR) facility designed to perform both ex situ and in situ experiments of stable (H2 and O2) and intermediate (OH radicals) species detection was used to examine the plasma-assisted characteristics of hydrogen oxidation at 1 atm pressure for temperatures ranging from 420 K to 1100 K. Experiments were performed at nearly isothermal conditions, by heavily diluting reactive mixtures in argon, in an attempt to mitigate temperature changes from exothermic chemical reactions. This technique allows experimental results to be interpreted from a perspective that plasma and thermal (neutral) heat release effects are decoupled, essentially isolating the effects of the plasma-chemistry and its influence on the neutral-chemistry. Results showed no thermal reaction until 860 K, at which point hydrogen was rapidly consumed within the flow residence time associated with the reactor. With the plasma discharge, the onset of oxidation was extended to lower temperatures (T < 860 K), while exhibiting a steady increase in the rate of oxidation starting from 470 K, and eventually consuming all the initial hydrogen by 800 K. Absolute measurements of OH mole fraction reveal that at conditions well below the dominance of the thermal chain-branched chemistry (at T = 668 K), the plasma induced a chain-propagating effect on OH formation, which was entirely confined to the boundaries of the plasma discharge section of the reactor. Furthermore, temporal measurements were also performed, showing that the extent of OH formation and subsequently its global effect on the fuel consuming chemistry can be manipulated based on the plasma perturbation timescale (i.e., the time scale at which the high-voltage pulses are administered to the reactive flow to generate the plasma discharge). Experimental results are compared to modeling calculations and show relatively good agreement, with the model predicting similar kinetic trends as a function of temperature. These results demonstrate new insight into the kinetics governing plasma-assisted combustion, and provide new experimental data to facilitate the development and validation of PAC-specific kinetic mechanisms.
Extracellular protease digestion to evaluate membrane protein cell surface localization

Membrane proteins have crucial roles in signaling and as anchors for cell surface display. Proper secretion of a membrane protein can be evaluated by its susceptibility to digestion by an extracellular protease, but this requires a crucial control to confirm membrane integrity during digestion. This protocol describes how to use this approach to determine how efficiently a protein is secreted to the outer surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Its success relies upon careful selection of an appropriate intracellular reporter protein that will remain undigested if the membrane barrier remains intact, but that is rapidly digested when cells are lysed before evaluation. Reporter proteins that are resistant to proteases (e.g., maltose-binding protein) do not return accurate results; in contrast, proteins that are more readily digested (e.g., SurA) serve as more sensitive reporters of membrane integrity, yielding more accurate measurements of membrane protein localization. Similar considerations apply when evaluating membrane protein localization in other contexts, including eukaryotic cells and organelle membranes. Evaluating membrane protein localization using this approach requires only standard biochemistry laboratory equipment for cell lysis, gel electrophoresis and western blotting. After expression of the protein of interest, this procedure can be completed in 4 h.
Engaging Preservice Teachers in Context-based, Action-oriented Curriculum Development

Physical education teacher education programs have a responsibility to prepare students in the technical aspects of teaching physical education, while also helping them to develop an awareness of the micropolitical cultures of schools that have implications for the implementation of what has been learned. Without the latter, beginning teachers may experience reality shock when transitioning into school contexts that do not align with the messages instilled during teacher education. Drawing upon lessons learned through research related to occupational socialization theory, the purpose of this article is to present a formative, context-based approach to curriculum development linked to project-based learning. The project is broken into seven steps that build upon one another and span the entire academic semester. Students work closely with cooperating teachers to develop units of instruction that utilize innovative curricular approaches and can be implemented in the teachers' contexts. Strategies for assess...
Upper neck papillary thyroid cancer (UPTC): A new proposed term for the composite of thyroglossal duct cyst‐associated papillary thyroid cancer, pyramidal lobe papillary thyroid cancer, and Delphian node papillary thyroid cancer metastasis

Objectives/Hypothesis Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common congenital anomaly, but TGDC carcinoma is rare. Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma management is controversial, especially that of the orthotopic thyroid gland. We aim to provide an insight into the pathologic basis of this management controversy through the review of 28 TGDC cancer cases, thus far the largest such series to our knowledge. Study Design Retrospective. Methods Twenty-eight cases recorded as TGDC cancer in the hospital database were reviewed; their initial clinical diagnosis from medical chart review (DX1) and final pathological review diagnosis (DX2) through pathology slides review by our pathologist (blinded to DX1) were compared. The thyroid gland management and pathology were evaluated. Results In the 28 TGDC carcinoma (hospital-recorded diagnosis) patients, DX1 and DX2 were respectively reported as 53% and 14% TGDC carcinoma, 11% and 29% as pyramidal lobe primary, and 4% and 25% as metastatic Delphian node. Thirty-two percent of cases were in the indeterminate category, in both DX1 and DX2, but included different patients. Thyroidectomy was performed in 54% of the cases, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was reported in 37% of these thyroid glands. Concurrent thyroid gland malignancy was reported in all Delphian node and pyramidal lobe PTC patients. Conclusion The diagnosis of TGDC cancer comprises a heterogeneous group that includes true TGDC cancer, pyramidal lobe primary, Delphian node metastasis, and indeterminate cases. We propose a new terminology of upper neck papillary thyroid carcinoma (UPTC) to denote this heterogeneous group and recommend a rational algorithm for management. Correct pathologic subcategory and thyroid ultrasonography are essential for optimal management of thyroid gland in UPTC cases. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 126:1709–1714, 2016
Control of a Flexible, Hypersonic Scramjet Vehicle Using a Differential Algebraic Approach

[Abstract] Trajectory Linearization Control (TLC) has been used in recent years to synthesize rigid-body flight controllers with excellent results. However, current scramjet vehicle models feature long, slender fuselages, and integrated engine/airframe configurations resulting in heavily coupled propulsive and aerodynamic forces. In this paper, TLC is combined with a Time-Varying Notch Filter (TVNF) algorithm to develop a nonlinear flight controller for a generic, longitudinal, hypersonic scramjet vehicle (HSV) model with flexible modes. A Frequency Detection Logic Unit (FLDU) detects an excited flexmode online, and identifies the corresponding notch frequency. Under nominal conditions, a self-tuning notch filter is placed in 'standby' mode (well outside the operating bandwidth). Upon notification from the FLDU, the filter enters the operating range with a center frequency corresponding to the detected flexmode, remaining only until the oscillation has attenuated before returning to standby mode.
Determining Most Likely Flight Profiles from Aircraft Usage Data for Damage Prognosis

Military aircraft experience multiple types of fatigue damage caused by various factors, including thermal effects and structural loads. Damage prognosis for such aircraft requires more comprehensive usage information than traditional structural loading spectra can provide. The desired usage data predictions should be sufficient to reconstruct flight environments and will consist of multidimensional, time-varying, correlated flight parameters. Existing techniques for fatigue loading spectra fail to model and generate such data due to the complex correlations between flight parameters and the associated uncertainty. In this work, three probabilistic approaches are proposed to identify the most likely flight profiles from past aircraft usage data. The identification procedures in these approaches are developed by addressing three different aspects of usage data, which are variations in main trends of flight data, variability in pilot control, and cumulative damage. These approaches were compared and demonstrated through their applications to the usage data collected from a set of Touch-and-Go’s.
Robust parametric inversion using adaptive quenched simulated annealing

SUMMARY There is a class of inverse problems in applied geophysics that is well described by a parameter estimation approach. Such problems are often characterized by strong nonlinearity, multimodal objective functions, and parameter bounds that can be well-defined in some cases and unknown in others. We present a robust parametric inversion algorithm designed for such problems based on an adaptive quenched simulated annealing. The method combines successive refinement of the parameter search space and adaptive bound constraints to cover some the difficulties associated with multi-modality in the objective function and to improve the numerical efficiency. We illustrate the method using examples from ensemble fitting in potential-field methods, and joint parametric inversion of gravity and magnetic data with strong remanent magnetization.
Attachment and cognitive openness: Emotional underpinnings of intellectual humility

AbstractThe present research begins to fill an important gap in the current literature about intellectual humility (IH) by investigating how an understanding of emotion, emotion regulation, and attachment are crucial to understanding IH, particularly in the arena in which IH may matter most: heated interpersonal disagreement. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between attachment orientation and cognitive openness – an indication of IH. Study 1 found that participants primed in a secure attachment condition demonstrated significantly greater cognitive openness to counterarguments with regard to (a)theistic belief than those in an ambivalent priming condition. Those identified as secure in their enduring dispositional attachment orientation exhibited significantly higher trait openness than those categorized as avoidant. Study 2 found that attachment anxiety, emotional valence, and the rated intelligence of an interlocutor significantly predicted participants’ openness to he...
Arginase-1 is frequently positive in hepatoid adenocarcinomas

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare extrahepatic tumor, which shows morphological and immunohistochemical similarities to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, hepatoid adenocarcinoma can cause diagnostic confusion with HCC. Arginase-1 immunostain has been recently shown to be an excellent marker of normal hepatocytes and is a sensitive and specific marker for HCC. However, the expression of Arginase-1 in hepatoid adenocarcinoma has not been evaluated in detail. Eight cases of hepatoid adenocarcinoma were immunostained with Arginase-1, Hepar-1, Glypican-3, CK7, CK20, CK19, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, ɑ-fetoprotein, CDX2, and TTF-1. Albumin in situ hybridization was performed in 4 cases. All 8 cases were positive for Hepar-1. Arginase-1 was positive in 5 (62.5%) of 8 cases; 2 of these cases showed diffuse staining, while 3 showed patchy staining. Glypican-3, CK7 and ɑ-fetoprotein were each positive in 4 (50%) of 8 cases. CK19 was positive in 3 (37.5%) of 8 cases. polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen showed canalicular staining in 3 (37.5%) of 8 cases and albumin in situ hybridization was positive in 3 (75%) of 4 cases. CDX2 was positive in 2 (25%) of 8 cases, both arising from the stomach. CK20 was positive in 1 (12.5%) of 8 case while TTF-1 was negative in all cases. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma has a similar immunostaining profile as HCC. Arginase-1 expression is common (62.5%) in hepatoid adenocarcinoma and hence it is not useful in distinguishing HCC from hepatoid adenocarcinoma.
Entrepreneurial resources,dynamic capabilities and the performance of the start-up enterprises of high-tech——comparative research with high-tech companies in Taiwan

Entrepreneurial resources and dynamic capabilities were crucial to improve start-up performance in a rapidly changing market.We carried out questionnaire survey in high-tech start-up enterprise from Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Xi'an,Qingdao,Shenyang and other places of China.We used statistical software SPSS17.0 and AMOS17.0 for quantitative data analysis,demonstrated that dynamic capabilities mediated between entrepreneurial resources and performance.The empirical results show that the entrepreneur resources had significant positive effects on willingness for external partners to cooperate and dynamic capabilities.Dynamic capability had a significant positive effect on start-up performance.The willingness for external partners to cooperate had no significant positive effects on dynamic capability.And we compared the results with related analysis results of Taiwan's high-tech enterprises,focused on enhancing comprehension of start-up dynamic capabilities,thus improving the resource-based view in high-tech start-ups.
Flying under the radar: The non-canonical biochemistry and molecular biology of petrobactin from Bacillus anthracis

The dramatic, rapid growth of Bacillus anthracis that occurs during systemic anthrax implies a crucial requirement for the efficient acquisition of iron. While recent advances in our understanding of B. anthracis iron acquisition systems indicate the use of strategies similar to other pathogens, this review focuses on unique features of the major siderophore system, petrobactin. Ways that petrobactin differs from other siderophores include: A. unique ferric iron binding moieties that allow petrobactin to evade host immune proteins; B. a biosynthetic operon that encodes enzymes from both major siderophore biosynthesis classes; C. redundancy in membrane transport systems for acquisition of Fe-petrobactin holo-complexes; and, D. regulation that appears to be controlled predominately by sensing the host-like environmental signals of temperature, CO2 levels and oxidative stress, as opposed to canonical sensing of intracellular iron levels. We argue that these differences contribute in meaningful ways to B. anthracis pathogenesis. This review will also outline current major gaps in our understanding of the petrobactin iron acquisition system, some projected means for exploiting current knowledge, and potential future research directions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
MIMO ground penetrating radar imaging using total variation minimization

This paper presents application of an efficient sparse image reconstruction using total variation minimization (TVM) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ground penetrating radar (GPR). The halfspace Green's function is efficiently evaluated with saddle point method and is incorporated in the beamformer to take into account subsurface wave propagation. TVM minimizes the gradient of the image resulting in better edge preservation and shape reconstruction than the standard L1-minimization based Compressive Sensing. The number of antenna elements and frequency measurements in the MIMO radar system can be significantly reduced using the proposed approach without a significant degradation of the image quality.
The Successful Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a catastrophic pulmonary complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. It can result in refractory hypoxaemia despite mechanical ventilation. Increasing lung compliance and worsening pulmonary hypertension can potentiate cardiogenic shock from acute right ventricular failure. In such patients with cardiopulmonary collapse, veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO maybe a viable option that can provide the required haemodynamic support. However, the use of V-A ECMO in such patients is limited due to an associated increased risk of bleeding. Our case report describes the successful use of V-A ECMO without the use of systemic anticoagulation in a patient with DAH. Despite the absence of systemic anticoagulation, no thrombotic complications within the circuit were noted.
Risk and Presidential Decision-Making: The Emergence of Foreign Policy Crises. By LucaTrenta. London: Routledge, 2016. 256 pp. : Book Review

Risk and Presidential Decision-Making: The Emergence of Foreign Policy Crises. By Luca Trenta. London: Routledge, 2016. 256 pp. In the May 2011 edition of the American Historical Association's newsletter, Perspectives on History, David Paull Nickles lamented the "estrangement" that has taken place between diplomatic historians and political scientists. For instance, whereas diplomatic historians have given greater emphasis to the role played by culture, many international relations theorists prefer the world of rational-choice theory, which assumes that people make logical decisions. But there is hope, Nickles continued, for some political scientists have drawn upon psychology and neuroscience to offer works that transcend the divide with diplomatic historians. Luca Trenta's new book continues this trend against rational-choice theory by offering an interpretation that emphasizes the role played by risk in decision making at the presidential level. His argument is threefold. First, presidents always take risk into account in their decisions. Second, too many scholars have contended that decision making during the Cold War focused on "long-term strategies" (4), while those in the post-Cold War were more short term in orientation. In fact, though, "risk management" (4), whether during or after the Cold War, has involved short-term considerations and was designed to minimize the dangers inherent in the course adopted. Finally, the option a president selects contains risks of its own that can make controlling the situation even more difficult. In developing this thesis, Trenta relies on three case studies: the John F. Kennedy administration's handling of relations with Cuba in the 18 months prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Carter White House's reaction to the events of 1977-1979 that precipitated the Iran Hostage Crisis, and President Bill Clinton's response to the Balkan crisis of 1992-1995. In each case, he demonstrates that the chief executive, influenced by the political and international environments, faced uncertainties that were key to the risk trade-offs he considered. In all three, the White House emphasized short-term considerations, thus disproving the Cold War/post-Cold War dichotomy cited above. Moreover, those decisions generated new risks. Kennedy's actions convinced the Soviets and Cubans that he intended to invade Cuba. Carter and his aides were so determined to support the Shah that they ignored the opposition or failed to prepare contingency plans in case the Shah fell from power. For his part, Clinton's concerns about the domestic and international political environments led him to "adopt sub-optimal policies" (190). In drawing these conclusions, Trenta did an exceptional amount of research. …
Diastereoselective synthesis of N-sulfinyl α-aminophosphine sulfides and phosphines

Abstract The diastereoselective synthesis of N-sulfinyl α-aminophosphine sulfides and phosphines is reported. These molecules are synthesized by formation of sulfinyl imine followed by diastereoselective addition of a diphenylphosphine sulfide. The product N-sulfinyl α-aminophosphine sulfides can be converted to phosphines through removal of the sulfur by reaction with Raney nickel. Hydrolysis of the sulfinyl group provides an amine that can then be attached to other ligands or structural scaffolds.
Comparative Analysis of Hardware Obfuscation for IP Protection

In the era of globalized Integrated Circuit (IC) design and manufacturing flow, a rising issue to the silicon industry is various attacks on hardware intellectual property (IP). As a measure to ensure security along the supply chain against IP piracy, tampering and reverse engineering, hardware obfuscation is considered a reliable defense mechanism. Sequential and combinational obfuscations are the primary classes of obfuscation, and multiple methods have been proposed in each type in recent years. This paper presents an overview of obfuscation techniques and a qualitative comparison of the two major types.
“Every Child that is a Foster Child is Marked from the Beginning”: The Home-School Communication Experiences of Foster Parents of Children with Disabilities

This study investigated the perceptions of foster parents of children with disabilities concerning their interactions with school personnel. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 7 foster parents of 6 children with disabilities (age range=5-16). A qualitative analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of five thematic areas, including foster parent perceptions of: (a) the role of the foster parent, (b) the efficacy of the foster parent in helping the child learn, (c) invitations to involvement from the school (d) invitations to involvement from the child, and (e) foster child experiences in the school system. Marked differences were found in the perceptions of the perceptions in foster parents of elementary and secondary age students. It is clear that foster parents who take on an active role in their child's education experienced positive relationships with their child's school. Foster parents who take a passive role in their partnerships with the schools experienced increased difficulty maintaining motivation to continue in their efforts to increase collaboration and involvement with the schools. They indicated a sense of anger, distrust, and even hostility towards the schools. Based on the findings, recommendations are provided for improving home-school relationships, and addressing obstacles to successful school partnerships with foster families.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I endometrioid or clear cell ovarian cancer in the platinum era: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cohort Study, 2000-2013.

Abstract Background We sought to evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with stage I endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer (EEOC) or ovarian clear cell cancer (OCCC) using a national database. Patients and methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I EEOC or OCCC from 2000 to 2013. We sought to identify predictors of chemotherapy use and to assess the impact of chemotherapy on OS in these patients. OS was compared using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results In all, 3552 patients with FIGO stage I EEOC and 1995 patients with stage I OCCC were identified. Of the 1600 patients (45%) with EEOC who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, the 5-year OS rate was 90%, compared with 89% for those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.807). Of the 1374 (69%) patients with OCCC who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, the 5-year OS rate was 85%, compared with 83% (P = 0.439) for those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy use was associated with younger age, higher substage, and more recent year of diagnosis for both the EEOC and OCCC groups. Only in the subgroup of patients with FIGO substage IC, grade 3 EEOC (n = 282) was chemotherapy associated with an improved 5-year OS—81% compared with 62% (P = 0.003) in untreated patients (HR: 0.583; 95% CI: 0.359–0.949; P = 0.030). In patients with OCCC, there was no significant effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on OS in any substage. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved OS only in patients with substage IC, grade 3 EEOC. In stage I OCCC, adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved OS.
Interstate rivalry, genocide, and politicide:

Interstate rivalry not only influences a country’s international behavior, but also its domestic conduct. Here, I focus on the connection between interstate rivalry and domestic government mass kil...
Scope of Emergency Response

This chapter provides an overview of emergency response, which is an integral component of routine corporate management. It is directly influenced by diverse regulations at all levels of government and by non-regulatory considerations, including obligations imposed by corporate insurance policies, corporate and stakeholder concerns over tort liability, and demands of both ad hoc and formal in-plant safety committees. At the municipal level, emergency response planning and management becomes an increasingly complex task, despite a long and distinguished historical development. It is continually compounded by social, technical, and political developments, including jurisdictional confusion among federal, regional, state, county, and municipal authorities, economic burden of maintaining adequately staffed, trained, and provisioned emergency response teams, sheer structural and operational complexity of modern municipalities, proliferation of sources and agents of potent public hazard, and widespread anxiety regarding the terrorist acts of politically motivated groups, as well as other motivated individuals.
A woman with acute dilated veins over the anterior chest wall.

CLINICAL HISTORY This case is a 25-year-old right-handed female that presented with left upper extremity pain, numbness and tingling, and sensitivity to temperature with purple changes occurring in the fourth digit of the left hand. She experienced complaints of pins and needle– like sensations with the left hand becoming colder and the fourth digit of the left hand turning purple 2 years before. She went to the emergency room and was diagnosed with Raynaud’s, carpal tunnel, and/or arthritis. She was placed on pain medications and referred to local physicians. Her symptoms progressed, so that she could not even raise her left arm above shoulder height. A Doppler exam of the left arm revealed possible clot formation. Cortisone injections were prescribed and refused. She sought a second opinion from a local rheumatologist, who requested an angiogram, which was not available for review. A radiologist tried without success to dissolve the clots in the left arm over a 4-day period. Blood thinners were prescribed. She experienced bleeding in her legs and was referred to a cardiologist who placed her on Procardia. Symptoms returned and thereafter she was referred to a vascular surgeon at UCLA for further opinion. Because of suspected clot formation and possible Paget-Schroetter syndrome, bilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the brachial plexus were requested to detect the anatomy before the scheduled left first rib resection and scalenectomy.
An Optimal Control Model to Reduce and Eradicate Anthrax Disease in Herbivorous Animals

Anthrax is a fatal infectious disease which can affect animals and humans alike. Anthrax outbreaks occur periodically in animals, and they are of particular concern in herbivores, due to substantial economic consequences associated with animal death. The purpose of this study is to develop optimal control interventions that focus on vaccinating susceptible animals and/or removing infected carcasses. Our mathematical goal is to minimize the infectious animal population while reducing the cost of interventions. Optimal control interventions are derived theoretically, and numerical results with conclusions are presented.
Sophisticated collaboration is common among Mexican-heritage US children.

In light of calls for improving people’s skill in collaboration, this paper examines strengths in processes of collaboration of Mexican immigrant children. Sibling pairs (6–10 years old) in California were asked to collaborate in planning the shortest route through a model grocery store. On average, 14 sibling pairs with Mexican Indigenous-heritage backgrounds engaged together collaboratively as an ensemble, making decisions in common and fluidly building on each other’s ideas, more often than 16 middle-class European American sibling pairs, who on average more often divided decision making into a solo activity (often ignoring the other or simply bossing the other). Siblings who spent more time collaborating fluidly as an ensemble in the shared planning task were also more likely to collaborate with initiative at home, according to their mothers, which suggests that family socialization practices may contribute to cultural differences in collaboration.
China’s minority preferential policies and the schooling of indigenous Tibetan children: the weakest link

Since the introduction of the Chinese colonial education system into Tibet in the 1960s, the Tibetan language has been caught in the crossfire. Because of Tibetan language’s perceived strong relati...
Preoperative imaging (MRI, functional MRI, CT)

Abstract In the current era of neuroimaging, presurgical mapping of brain tumors involves a multimodality approach including high-resolution anatomic imaging, MR perfusion imaging, blood oxygen level–dependent functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging. In this chapter, we focus primarily on the functional and physiologic imaging modalities for both characterization of de novo brain tumors and presurgical mapping. We include brief discussions of the basic principles underlying such imaging methods and then describe their application specifically to the evaluation of brain tumors. Both advantages and limitations of such techniques are discussed, and examples of their clinical applications are included in the figures. Although there are certainly numerous other clinical applications of these methods outside of neuro-oncology, we will limit our discussion to evaluation of brain tumors. These advanced imaging methods have revolutionized the neurosurgical planning strategies for resection of such lesions.
Abstract P502: Deep Learning-powered Wearable Electrocardiogram Big Data Monitoring for Precision Cardiac Health

Smart health technologies are bringing exciting possibilities to the cardiac healthcare area. Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is expected to establish cardiac big data towards precision...
Florida Foliage House Plant Care: Spathiphyllum

Most Spathiphyllum are seen in flower when at market. The attractive white blooms, called spathes, are long lasting. With proper plant care, Spathiphyllum may produce blooms year after year. Spathiphyllum is a very attractive house plant even when not in bloom and adapts well to home and patio environments. This 2-page fact sheet was written by R. J. Henny and J. Chen, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep477
Planar Velocimetry in High-Speed Aerodynamic and Propulsion Flowfields

For analyses of low-speed aerodynamic and propulsion flowfields, engineers have traditionally relied on surface pressure measurements and in-stream pressure and velocity measurements made using physical probes. In high-speed applications, however, the use of physical probes is plagued by problems associated with interference effects (due primarily to shock waves in supersonic flows) and probe survivability (in high-temperature propulsion flows). The emergence of an increasing number of nonintrusive, optical measurement techniques in recent years is serving to alleviate these shortcomings in high-speed flow diagnostics. Laser-based techniques are becoming available for spatially and temporally-resolved measurements of the primitive thermodynamic variables and velocity components using a variety of elastic (i.e., Rayleigh and Mie) and inelastic (i.e., spontaneous and coherent Raman and fluorescence) scattering techniques [1].
Investigation on the structural origin of low thermal expansion coefficient of fused silica

Abstract Fused silica exhibits dramatically different coefficient of thermal expansions (CTE) in different scales, ranging from 9.1 × 10−6 K−1 at the short-range, to 21.2 × 10−6 K−1 at the medium-range revealed by in-situ neutron total scattering, and to as low as 0.55 × 10−6 K−1 at the bulk level measured by dilatometer. Such intriguing microscopic-macroscopic CTE discrepancy is extensively probed by molecular dynamics simulation with respect to structure change at the sub-Tg temperature range. The thermal-induced α- to β-like 6-membered ring conformation change is observed and statistically quantified by a proposed STDEV(Oi-Oi+3) metric which uses the standard deviation of all three pairs of third-nearest-neighbor O-O distance. Such conformation change is expected to be associated with prevalent cooperative rotation of adjacent SiO4 tetrahedra that enables the glass to take advantage of free volume in the network and compensate the normal expansion at the short and medium-range length scale.
Students’ perspective of globalisation in schools on their traditional Asian cultural beliefs and mental well-being

This study explores Asian college students’ perspectives on globalisation in the Philippines. It identifies prime indicators of globalisation and the nature and extent of its perceived influences o...