cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Five new species, a new genus and a new record of cicadas from French Guiana with four new combinations and three new synonymies (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

ABSTRACT A new genus and five new species Ariasa maryannae n. sp., Ariasa russelli n. sp., Guyalna jamesi n. sp., Guyalna maxineae n. sp., and Malloryalna susanae n. gen., n. sp. are described. Cicada kirkaldyi Metcalf, 1963 and its synonyms (C. obtusa Uhler, 1903 and C. brasiliensis Kirkaldy, 1909) are transferred to the genus Fidicinoides Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 to become Fidicinoides kirkaldyi (Metcalf, 1963) n. comb. Cicada egregia Uhler, 1903 is transferred to the genus Ariasa Distant, 1905 to become Ariasa egregia (Uhler, 1903) n. comb. Dorisiana bicolor (Olivier, 1790) is transferred to the genus Guyalna Boulard and Martinelli, 1996 to become Guyalna bicolor (Olivier, 1790) n. comb. Fidicinoides passerculus (Walker, 1850) n. syn., Fidicinoides spinicosta (Walker, 1850) n. syn. and Cicada lacrines Walker, 1850 n. syn. are shown to be junior synonyms of Guyalna bicolor n. comb. Fidicina parvula Jacobi, 1904 is transferred to the genus Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 to become Guyalna parvula (J...
The Theory of Policy Analysis

Pigou’s economics is generally understood as a body of policies, particularly ‘Pigouvian’ taxes and subsidies, designed to maximize economic welfare. This view is embedded in leading economics textbooks, the basis of the early socialization of economists and the principal artefacts in which ideas are institutionally certified as economic truths. Older books identify presumptively Pigouvian policies by attaching his name to them. Newer texts retain the policies but drop his name, indicating the extent to which the received view is woven into the conventional wisdom of the field. One notable result of this reading of Pigou is the ‘Pigou Club’ founded by Gregory Mankiw. Numerous economists have been inducted as members, amongst them Gary Becker, Robert Frank, Paul Krugman, Nouriel Roubini, and Lawrence Summers.1 Pigou’s place in the disciplinary consciousness of contemporary economics is nicely documented in a remark by William D. Nordhaus in an essay on the economics of energy use. Taxes on negative externalities, Nordhaus observes, are ‘sometimes called Pigouvian taxes after their first important advocate, English economist Alfred [sic] Pigou’ (Nordhaus 2011, 30). So much for the conventional view of Pigou’s thinking.
Considering three alternatives for a waste-to-energy project

Article de synthese sur trois technologies de recuperation d'energie de dechets solides: incineration en masse (sans pretraitement), combustion des combustibles produits de dechets (classification, broyage) et pyrolyse combustion du gaz produit par la decomposition thermique de dechets
New failure mechanism during high temperature storage testing and its application on SIV risk evaluation

In this paper we showed results on high temperature storage tests performed on 90nm, 65nm and 45nm node material with different back end of line stacks. We have seen a strong impact of BEOL stack up on resistance traces of tests at temperature of over 250°C for 1000h. We found that the detected resistance increases are not related to stress migration phenomena but to changes in barrier integrity. The results suggest that the barrier is oxidizing due to oxygen supplied by the SiCOH ILD. First look into future technologies by adopted barrier processes simulating corresponding barrier thicknesses we see an acceleration of this results. Porous SiCOH which is used as baseline material for 45nm an beyond is even pronouncing this effect. This is definitely showing that this effect might become severe in future technologies.
Configuration independent analysis for characterizing shared-memory applications

The paper demonstrates that configuration independent analysis of shared memory applications is useful tool to characterize inherent application characteristics that do not change from one machine configuration to another. Although traditional configuration dependent analysis, or simulation, may directly provide more information about performance on specific configurations, it requires developing a machine model and repeating the analysis for each target configuration. A judicious combination of the two constitutes a comprehensive and efficient methodology. The authors use configuration independent analysis to characterize seven aspects of application behavior: general characteristics; working sets; concurrency; communication patterns; variation over time, and locality; and sharing behavior. Case studies of eight scientific and commercial benchmarks are used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of this approach.
We-Narratives and the Stability and Depth of Shared Agency

The basic approach to understanding shared agency (or joint action) has been to identify individual intentional states that are somehow “shared” by participants and that contribute to guiding and informing the actions of individual participants. But, as Michael Bratman suggests, there is a problem of stability and depth that any theory of shared agency needs to solve. Given that participants in a joint action might form shared intentions for different reasons, what binds them to one another such that they have some reason for continuing to participate in the joint action in the face of conflicting reasons? This is particularly pressing in cases of joint actions that unfold over long periods of time. There are a variety of ways that the problem of stability and depth of shared intention might be addressed. We review some of those ways in section 1. We do not intend to challenge these approaches. Instead, in this article, we want to suggest that narrative is an additional, perhaps in some cases a predominan...
Cell signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex: Links to stem/progenitor biology and neoplasia

The adrenal cortex is a dynamic tissue responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens in humans. Advances have been made in understanding the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cell populations in cortex homeostasis and self-renewal. Recently, large molecular profiling studies of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have given insights into proteins and signaling pathways involved in normal tissue homeostasis that become dysregulated in cancer. These data provide an impetus to examine the cellular pathways implicated in adrenocortical disease and study connections, or lack thereof, between adrenal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, with a particular focus on stem and progenitor cell pathways. In this review, we discuss evidence for stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal cortex, proteins and signaling pathways that may regulate these cells, and the role these proteins play in pathologic and neoplastic conditions. In turn, we also examine common perturbations in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) and how these proteins and pathways may be involved in adrenal homeostasis.
Music as discourse

(1986). Music as discourse. WORD: Vol. 37, Second UTA Conference on Linguistics and the Humanities, pp. 135-139.
The effects of a short-term music program on preschool children’s executive functions:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a short-term preschool music program with creativity, bimanual gross motor training, and vocal development on preschool children’s inhibition...
HSC niche: ample room for every guest stem cell

It has long been thought that nearly all bone marrow niches are occupied by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this issue of Blood, Shimoto et al show that the bone marrow contains more habitable niches for HSCs.1
Weight Lifting in Adaptive Sport

Adaptive powerlifting was initially added to the Tokyo Paralympic Games in 1964 and just included wheelchair weight lifter. By 1984, other disability groups such as cerebral palsy (CP) weight lifters received permission to participate at the events. Since 2012, weight lifting has been open to athletes with any lower extremity impairments that limit them from competing with able-bodied athletes. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), who establishes the classifications and rules. The rules are similar to those that apply in the powerlifting competitions for able-bodied athletes.
Out of the shadows: Shedding light on intimate partner homicide among Latina women

Intimate partner homicide (IPH) victimization is typically associated with prior domestic violence. Latina women are disproportionately vulnerable to domestic violence and intimate partner femicide. Latino cultural values related to devotion to family and gender role conformance may shape Latinas' experiences of domestic violence and IPH. Display/endorsement of these values, as well as intersections of race/ethnicity, class, gender, and immigration status may exacerbate Latinas' IPH risk. A small and outdated body of IPH literature exists that examines IPH among Latinas but, fails to bridge the gap between factors influencing Latinas' experiences of domestic violence (e.g., cultural values, intersectionality, and immigration status) and IPH. This paper reviews literature that examines IPH among Latinas and provides suggestions for future research, including utilization of an intersectional approach to studying IPH among this understudied ethnic group.
Formal and informal agreements between small food stores and food and beverage suppliers: Store owner perspectives from four cities

Objective: To understand the agreements between small food store owners and food and beverage suppliers and how they shape stocking and promotion of unhealthy products. Design: 72 in-depth intervie...
THE ROLE OF SPECTRIN AND ACTIN IN IRREVERSIBLY SICKLED CELLS: UNSICKLING OF “IRREVERSIBLY” SICKLED GHOSTS BY CONDITIONS WHICH INTERFERE WITH SPECTRIN-ACTIN POLYMERIZATION

We have previously shown that irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs) form ISC-shaped ghosts and ISC-shaped membrane skeletons which suggests that an alteration in the membrane skeleton of the ISC may be responsible for its abnormal shape. In the present studies we observe that ISC-shaped ghosts become round in hypertonic media (>400 mM NaCl), hypotonic media (10 to 50 mM NaCl), and isotonic NaCl containing small amounts of Zn 2+ (0.1 to 0.5 mM). This ISC-shape reversal is time and temperature dependent and does not correlate with the elution or proteolysis of any membrane protein(s) detectable on SDS-gels. Conditions which promote ISC ghosts reversal also inhibit the formation of spectrin-actin complex(es). This suggests that ISCs may be stabilized by abnormal interactions between the spectrin and/or actin components of the membrane skeleton and that disruption of these bonds may allow the skeleton to resume a normal shape.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Service Members Experiences as Undergraduates: A Qualitative Case Study

The current article discusses results from a qualitative case study that examines the experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) servicemembers in higher education. The purpose of the study was to examine the institutional supports and constraints experienced by LGB-identified, active duty military service members during their undergraduate enrollment. Findings are discussed under three themes related to experiences related to LGB identity, experiences related to military status, and the intersection of the experiences between LGB and military status. Implications for supporting military-affiliated LGB students in higher education are also discussed.
Chaperones and matchmakers: inhibitors and stimulators of protein phosphorylation.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses chaperones and matchmakers. Chaperones prevent aggregation of some unfolded proteins; matchmakers facilitate their folding and dimer formation with restoration of biological activity. Both are modulators of protein conformation. GroEL and some other heat-shock proteins stimulate phosphorylation of polyglutamate-alanine-tyrosine by the srconcoprotein kinases. Several basic proteins, including polylysine, act like chaperones facilitating the phosphorylation of some proteins, for example, the ras oncoprotein, by src kinase. With other substrates, acidic polymers stimulate the phosphorylation by src kinase. Chaperones have been shown to be involved in the folding of proteins, assembly of polymeric structures, and transport of proteins across membranes without becoming part of the product. In some cases, they are enzymes that interact with proteins and alter their structural and functional properties. Chaperones and matchmakers include proteins, basic polypeptides, and compounds that modulate the conformation of substrates, thereby decreasing or increasing their susceptibility to phosphorylation. There is yet another mechanism of changing substrate susceptibility, namely, interaction with another protein or charged polymer.
Religion and Public Health

The paper begins by acknowledging several ways in which religious beliefs and behavior have had a negative impact on people's physical and mental health; fanatical violence, mortifying asceticism, and oppressive traditionalism (e.g., sexism) are mentioned. Three areas of positive influence are explored: 1) the role of religious practices in personal health; 2) the impact of social ministries on community health, and 3) the complementarity of religious ideas of salvation with medical conceptions of health in contemporary conceptions of human well-being. That religion mediates between the social and individual dimensions of well-being is a unifying theme of the paper.
Two-Week Resident-As-Teacher Program May Improve Peer Feedback and Online Evaluation Completion

Many training programs have implemented Resident-as-Teacher curricula. Previous evaluations of such programs have largely focused on direct, often self-assessed benefits to the learner in the curriculum, without evaluating higher-level educational outcomes such as behavioral changes that benefit other trainees and the program as a whole. We developed a 2-week Resident-as-Teacher (RaT) rotation, during which senior medicine residents lecture, lead morning report, teach exam maneuvers, and rehearse feedback skills, under direct faculty observation. We surveyed participating RaT residents, interns who worked with RaT residents, and interns who did not work with RaT residents, and we examined rates of program evaluation completion. All 42 Post Graduate Year 3 residents completed the rotation during the 2015–16 academic year, 26 (62%) during the study period. Of these 26 residents, 21 (81%) responded to the pre-rotation survey and 24 (92%) to the immediate post-rotation and 6-month follow-up surveys. RaT residents reported increased confidence in all teaching formats. Interns who worked with these residents were more satisfied with the feedback they received than their co-interns who did not (92 vs. 63%). Residents who completed the RaT rotation were more likely to fill out online evaluations (mean completion rate 82 vs. 69%). Our 2-week intensive curriculum on teaching and feedback improved self-reported comfort with teaching and preparedness for careers in academic medicine. Moreover, our analysis suggests the intervention changed resident behaviors, improving the experience of other trainees and rates of online evaluation completion.
Screening Colonoscopy Unmasking Colonic Metastasis from an Occult Breast Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Metastatic spread from breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract is rare. Such cases are predominantly lobular carcinomas and they usually occur later on during the course of disease progression with the stomach being the most common site involved. Furthermore, occult breast primary tumor is extremely uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, we describe here the first case of incidental colonic metastasis as first presentation of an occult breast ductal carcinoma. We also provide a review of the literature on gastrointestinal—and specifically colonic—involvement from breast ductal carcinoma.
Advances in Electrochemistry for Monitoring Cellular Chemical Flux

The transport of organic and inorganic molecules, along with inorganic ions across the plasma membrane results in chemical fluxes that reflect the cellular function in healthy and diseased states. Measurement of these chemical fluxes enables the characterization of protein function and transporter stoichiometry, characterization of a single cell and embryo viability prior to implantation, and screening of pharmaceutical agents. Electrochemical sensors emerge as sensitive and non-invasive tools for measuring chemical fluxes immediately outside the cells in the boundary layer, that are capable of monitoring a diverse range of transported analytes including inorganic ions, gases, neurotransmitters, hormones, and pharmaceutical agents. Used on their own or in combination with other methods, these sensors continue to expand our understanding of the function of rare cells and small tissues. Advances in sensor construction and detection strategies continue to improve sensitivity under physiological conditions, diversify analyte detection, and increase throughput. These advances will be discussed in the context of addressing technical challenges to measuring chemical flux in the boundary layer of cells and measuring the resultant changes to the chemical concentration in the bulk media.
Murine Ia Antigens. Expression On T and B Cells and Their Role In Immune Response

Publisher Summary The H-2 gene complex is a part of the IXth linkage group on the 17th chromosome of the mouse. The complex is comprised of five regions, denoted in order from the centromeric end, K, I, S, G, and D. Cell-bound and soluble molecules reactive directly or indirectly with anti-Ia-sera involved in a number of immune phenomena. The function of the I region is very complex. This complexity reflects either multiple products of multiple I region genes, each with a distinct role and reactive with a distinct population of anti-la antibodies, or diverse manifestations of a very few Ia-reactive gene products, which play a very central role in immune processes. Ia antigens are predominantly expressed on lymphoid cells. Among the lymphoid cells, Ia antigens are most readily detected on B cells. The chapter discusses the ability of anti-la sera to block the mitogenic responses of lymphocytes or to eliminate mitogen-sensitive lymphoid cell populations.
Intersectionality and Celebrity Culture

In a 2017 interview with Bust magazine, singer Solange Knowles summarized what it means to her to be an intersectional celebrity feminist: “I am a proud black feminist and womanist and I’m extremel...
2019 Update on Pediatric Medical Overuse: A Systematic Review.

Importance Medical overuse is common in pediatrics and may lead to unnecessary care, resource use, and patient harm. Timely scrutiny of established and emerging practices can identify areas of overuse and empower clinicians to reconsider the balance of harms and benefits of the medical care that they provide. A literature review was conducted to identify the most important areas of pediatric medical overuse in 2018. Observations Consistent with prior methods, a structured MEDLINE search and manual table of contents review of selected pediatric journals for the 2018 literature was conducted identifying articles pertaining to pediatric medical overuse. The structured MEDLINE search consisted of a PubMed search for articles with the Medical Subject Headings termhealth services misuseormedical overuseor article titles containing the termunnecessary,inappropriate,overutilization, oroveruse. Articles containing the termoveruse injuryoroveruse injurieswere excluded, along with articles not published in English and those not constituting original research. The same search was performed using Embase with the additional Emtree termunnecessary procedure. Each article was evaluated by 3 independent raters for quality of methods, magnitude of potential harm, and number of patients potentially harmed. Ten articles were identified based on scores and appraisal of overall potential harm. This year’s review identified both established and emerging practices that may warrant deimplementation. Examples of such established practices include antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections, routine opioid prescriptions, prolonged antibiotic courses for latent tuberculosis, and routine intensive care admission and pharmacologic therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Emerging practices that merit greater inspection and discouragement of widespread adoption include postdischarge nurse-led home visits, probiotics for gastroenteritis, and intensive cardiac screening programs for athletes. Conclusions and Relevance This year’s review highlights established and emerging practices that represent medical overuse in the pediatric setting. Deimplementation of disproven practices and careful examination of emerging practices are imperative to prevent unnecessary resource use and patient harm.
Fertility Preservation Options for Transgender and Trans Masculine Patients Planning Hysterectomy

Family building is a universal life goal for many individuals whether it be genetic (biological) or non-genetic (adoption, fostering, blended families, egg or sperm donation).
More Borgesian than Borges?: Joyce, Borges, and Translation

This essay focuses on the ambivalent relationship between Jorge Luis Borges and James Joyce from the perspective of literary translation as well as of the Argentinian writer’s fluctuating attitude towards his Irish counterpart. Both writers are polylingual artists and life-long translators. Borges was fond of making provocative statements about translation, though his own translations are rarely as radical as his theories about the craft. He could not enjoy the comparatively unfettered freedom of a self-translator like Joyce, whose Italianizing rendering of an excerpt from Finnegans Wake is more Borgesian than Borges.
Association of I-D polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene with the risk of hypertension in Xiangxi Gamel group

Objective To investigate whether the insertion/deletion ( I-D ) polymorphism in the an-giotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) gene is associated with essential hypertension in Xiangxi Gamel population. Methods The study covered 93 hypertensives and 99 normotensive controls in Xiangxi Tongdao population. The I-D polymorphism of ACE gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The frequencies of I and D in the hypertensive group (61. 8% and 38. 2% , respectively) were not significantly different from the controls (68.7% and 31.3% , respectively,χ 2= 1. 04, P = 0.31). The frequencies of ACE genotypes of Ⅱ, ID, and DD were 47.5% ,42. 4% , 10. 1 % in hypertensives respectively and 40. 9% ,41.9%, 17. 2% in control group respectively. There was no significant difference in genotypes between hypertensive group and normotensive group (χ2 =2.26,P =0. 32). Conclusion The results suggested that the I-D polymorphism of ACE gene might not be associated with hypertension in the Gamel population of Xiangxi Tongdao area. Key words: Hypertension; Xiangxi Gamel; Angiotensin converting enzyme gene; Polymorphism
Evaluation of the efficacy of low-dose liraglutide in weight control among Taiwanese non-diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction Obesity and metabolic syndrome are well-known to be associated with multiple chronic diseases. Currently, high-dose liraglutide has been used for weight control in non-diabetic patients. Considering incretin-based therapy is more effective in Asian populations, the effect of low-dose liraglutide in weight control among these non-diabetic groups has not been well evaluated. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose liraglutide in weight control among Taiwan patients. Materials and methods From July 2017 to December 2018, 46 non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome were included. They had received low-dose liraglutide at 0.6 or 1.2 mg per day for weight reduction for 12 weeks. After then, changes in bodyweight, waist and metabolic factors were examined. Overt bodyweight reduction was defined as a decrease of >5% within 12 weeks. Results With 12 weeks of medication use, both groups showed statistical weight reduction. Higher doses of liraglutide had better efficacy, and 44.4% of patients in the liraglutide 1.2 mg group reached overt weight reduction, whereas just 32.1% in the 0.6 mg group had achieved this. Young age was found to be a predictor factor for a positive finding (odds ratio 0.941, P = 0.037). Early responders with decreased bodyweight of >4.2% within the first 4 weeks indicated a better chance to achieve measurable weight reduction. Conclusions Low-dose liraglutide still has high efficacy in weight reduction in Taiwanese people, especially for those of younger age.
Europa Clipper Mission: Onward to Implementation!

Europa, the fourth largest moon of Jupiter, is believed to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for extant life beyond Earth, and the Europa Clipper Mission is preparing to investigate. Now entering the fifth year of life as a formal project, the Europa Clipper Mission has completed its major design phase and is preparing for implementation. The mission envisions sending a flight system, consisting of a spacecraft equipped with a payload of NASA-selected scientific instruments, to execute numerous flybys of Europa while in Jupiter orbit. The mission is being formulated and implemented by a joint Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Project team. At the Project Preliminary Design Review (PDR) in August 2018, it was determined that the unique integration of the REASON instrument's antennas with the spacecraft's solar arrays required additional time for maturity and review. The required maturity was demonstrated, and in June 2019 the Clipper Mission passed its Delta Preliminary Design Review, and formal confirmation for entry into Phase C was announced by NASA in August 2019. The earliest launch opportunity is now in July 2023, one year later than originally planned. The Project is now working toward its Critical Design Review in May 2020. This paper will describe the progress of the Europa Clipper Mission since January 2019, including maturation of the spacecraft, subsystem and instrument designs, the beginning of fabrication of engineering models and the first flight models, planning for the verification and validation phase, and planning for operations.
Brain Features Distinguishing Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation

Congenital muscular dystrophies associated with glycosylation defects often impact not only neuromuscular function but may also profoundly affect brain construction and cognitive development. The mutations in congenital disorders glycosylation (CDG) related genes that are associated with muscular dystrophy, for which at least 19 are currently recognized, can also produce distinctive patterns of brain malformation. The spectrum of brain phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms in these metabolic disorders will be discussed.
The Soviet Economic System: An Archival Re-evaluation

This chapter surveys the Soviet economic system beginning with accounts of scientific planning by an enlightened Politburo. Contributions by Kornai, Berliner, and Granick from the 1950s provided the first accounts of the dysfunctionalities of enterprises. The opening of the Soviet archives offered the first insider accounts of planning in practice, of a leadership torn by vested interests, coordinated not by plans but by “resource mobility” and “petty tutelage.” Enterprise gross output targets had to be fulfilled “at any price.” Just about any superior could change the plan, which was never finalized. Managers and planners were loath to deviate from the “achieved level” irrespective of changes in tastes and technology. “Scientific planning” froze the economy in place, while market economies created new technologies and new products.
Fast speed single-photon avalanche photodiode based on a novel smart quenching method

In this work, a novel smart quenching approach for a Geiger-mode single-photon avalanche diode is proposed. The avalanche photodiode is connected in series with a metallic filamentary resistive switch (MFRS). The hysteresis behavior of the MFRS makes it suitable to operate as a quenching resistor. Initially the MFRS is in the off state and it quenches an avalanche event triggered by an incident photon. After quenching, the MFRS switches to the low-resistance on-state, which reduces the R-C time constant of the recharging process. A sharp avalanche pulse shape, continuous detection, and fast detection speed have been achieved. Our observations are consistent with a model where the MFRS adaptively changes its resistance state from high to low during quenching and recharging.
Taylor dispersion analysis in fused silica capillaries: a tutorial review.

Biological and pharmaceutical analytes like liposomes, therapeutic proteins, nanoparticles, and drug-delivery systems are utilized in applications, such as pharmaceutical formulations or biomimetic models, in which controlling their size is often critical. Many of the common techniques for sizing these analytes require method development, significant sample preparation, large sample quantities, and lengthy analysis times. In other cases, such as DLS, sizing can be biased towards the largest constituents in a mixture. Therefore, there is a need for more rapid, sensitive, accurate, and straightforward analytical methods for sizing macromolecules, especially those of biological origin which may be sample-limited. Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) is a sizing technique that requires no calibration and consumes only nL to pL sample volumes. In TDA, average diffusion coefficients are determined via the Taylor–Aris equation by characterizing band broadening of an analyte plug under well-controlled laminar flow conditions. Diffusion coefficient can then be interpreted as hydrodynamic radius (RH) via the Stokes–Einstein equation. Here, we offer a tutorial review of TDA, intended to make the method better understood and more widely accessible to a community of analytical chemists and separations scientists who may benefit from the unique advantages of this versatile sizing method. We first provide a tutorial on the fundamental principles that allow TDA to achieve calibration-free sizing of analytes across a wide range of RH, with an emphasis on the reduced sample consumption and analysis times that result from utilizing fused silica capillaries. We continue by highlighting relationships between operating parameters and critically important flow conditions. Our discussion continues by looking at methods for applying TDA to sample mixtures via algorithmic approaches and integration of capillary electrophoresis and TDA. Finally, we present a selection of reports that demonstrate TDA applied to complex challenges in bioanalysis and materials science.
The uneasy solace of art: The effect of sexual abuse on Virginia Woolf's aesthetic

Abstract This article argues that Woolf's aesthetic was shaped by more particular factors than prevailing theories of modernism can account for. Relying on current theories of incest and carrying Louise DeSalvo's argument about the impact of childhood sexual abuse into those essays in which Woolf speaks about the nature of art itself, this article shows the profound ambivalence behind Woolf's reliance on art to provide her with an order unavailable in life. Her narrative technique (i.e., “making-up” from moments of sharp recall or impression) could afford her solace from the nightmarish world originating from her personal abuse as well as from the fragmentation of modern life. However, this same technique could propel Woolf into the very depths of her psyche where her damaged self had hidden in order to escape the monstrous advances of her half-brothers, Gerald, and especially, George Duckworth. By insisting on a nonlinear, spontaneous, and psychological approach to writing, she made herself vulnerable to the very scenes and memories her more rational self was attempting to control through artistic composition. Given this dilemma, the quantity and quality of her achievement take on even more impressive dimensions than previously granted.
NOTES ON THEORY AND RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION: A STUDY OF FACULTY STAFF REACTIONS TO THREE TYPES OF LEADERSHIP

INTRODUCTION The work of Lewin and his associates showed that the same groups of people behave in distinctly different ways under leaders whose styles differ. Subsequently, many researchers have stressed the efficiency of leadership that emphasizes consideration, mutual identification, and personal influence. Impressive evidence has been mustered in support of this position through a number of studies by staff members of the Child Welfare Research Station at Ohio University and the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. These studies charted the reactions of a range of subjects to different types of supervision with the general objective of contrasting levels of performance associated with three leadership types. The performance criteria were productivity, inter and intra‐job movement, absenteeism, satisfaction with the job situation and personal motivation.
An effective way of introducing iPhone application development to undergraduate students

Since its release in 2007, the iPhone has not only become a novel mobile device but also turned into a popular application development platform. Many universities offer courses to introduce iPhone application development. As an advocate of applied learning, MWSU (Missouri Western State University) provides the same opportunity for students to delve into the exciting world of iPhone programming. Based upon our successful experience, we briefly describe in this paper an effective way of teaching iPhone application development. This includes what topics to cover in the underlying programming language, the core frameworks, what development tools to use, the design patterns that help the students grasp the essentials of iPhone programming and the sample applications that were developed.
The Economics and Politics of Judicial Retention Elections

American states select their judges in various ways. The method we are concerned with here is that of "merit selection." Under a typical implementation of this system, a nonpartisan commission culls applicants for judgeships, and an appointee is then selected by the governor. Then, periodically, this judge undergoes a retention election: an up-or-down vote by the electorate of the state. These elections are our main focus. We contribute a novel microeconomic model with which to analyze them. We compare this institution, in both structure and welfare terms, to others used to appoint and retain judges, and we characterize under what circumstances each is optimal. Finally, we analyze a recent and ongoing phenomenon where these elections have been transforming from what were historically rubber stamp formalities into hotly contested, politicized contests. We show that the politicization of issues being brought before the court leads to an increased likelihood of judges being ousted in these elections.
Selection of Renewable Energy Technologies for a Developing County: A Case of Pakistan

Abstract In this paper some renewable energy options for electricity generation for Pakistan are explored from multiple perspectives comprising technical, economical, social, environmental and political aspects. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used for the first time for the energy sector of Pakistan. An AHP model has been presented for the selection and prioritization of various renewable energy technologies for electricity generation. After accessing potential of the country for generating electricity from renewable resources, reviewing relevant scholarly literature and discussion with experts, an appropriate decision model has been formulated consisting of goal, criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Wind energy, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and biomass energy options are used as the alternatives in the decision model. Besides ranking and prioritizing of these technologies, results of the proposed decision model can also be used for the development of long-term renewable energy policy and energy roadmap for the country. The findings of this research might also be highly relevant to other developing countries.
The NYU system for MUC-6 or where's the syntax?

Over the past five MUCs, New York University has clung faithfully to the idea that information extraction should begin with a phase of full syntactic analysis, followed by a semantic analysis of the syntactic structure. Because we have a good, broad-coverage English grammar and a moderately effective method for recovering from parse failures, this approach held us in fairly good stead.
$\hbox{Ge-Si}_{x}\hbox{Ge}_{1 - x}$ Core–Shell Nanowire Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors

We report the fabrication and experimental investigation of Ge-SixGe1-xcore-shell nanowire (NW) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), consisting of p-i-n device structures realized by low-energy ion implantation. We investigate the NW TFET device characteristics as a function of drain doping, channel length, and temperature. Our devices show on-state currents of up to ION ~ 5μA/μm, with an ambipolar behavior that can be suppressed by varying the drain doping concentration. The subthreshold swing of NW TFETs shows little temperature dependence down to 77 K, consistent with band-to-band tunneling as being the dominant carrier injection mechanism.
Clinical outcome of using ganirelix acetate versus a 4-day follicular phase leuprolide acetate protocol in unselected women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Abstract Objective To compare the clinical outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in unselected patients undergoing IVF using multidose ganirelix acetate versus 4 days of administration of leuprolide acetate. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A fertility and IVF center. Patient(s) Two hundred forty-seven women who underwent COH-IVF between April 1, 1999, and January 30, 2001. Intervention(s) Pituitary suppression according to a 4-day follicular phase leuprolide acetate protocol (236 women) or a multidose ganirelix acetate regimen (133 women). Main outcome measure(s) Amount of gonadotropin used, days of stimulation, cancellation rate, number of oocytes retrieved, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. Result(s) Compared with leuprolide acetate recipients, ganirelix recipients required significantly less gonadotropin and the mean day of hCG administration was 4 days earlier. Among women younger than 35 years of age, the implantation rate (15% vs. 6%) and the clinical pregnancy rate per initiated and transferred cycle (27% vs. 12% and 32% vs. 15%, respectively) were significantly higher in the ganirelix group than the leuprolide acetate group. Conclusion(s) Compared with a 4-day leuprolide acetate protocol, COH-IVF using a multidose ganirelix acetate protocol reduces treatment duration and amount of gonadotropin used. In younger women, the latter protocol is associated with significantly better pregnancy and implantation rates.
Social Justice and Juvenile Offenders: Examples of Fairness, Respect, and Access in Education Settings

Youths involved in juvenile justice face unique barriers to educational and mental health services. This qualitative study illustrates social justice violations that are particularly salient for this population. Youths on probation, their mothers, and juvenile probation staff participated in interviews as part of a multisite study conducted in Texas and California. Interviews were coded using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. This study provides detailed examples of social justice components of fairness, respect, and access within school and juvenile justice settings. Implications for how schools could address these types of situations to promote fairness and decrease discrimination and stigma for youths with a criminal record who are trying to succeed in school are also discussed.
Chemosensitizers to overcome and prevent multidrug resistance

testinal crypt cells contain higher levels of cytoskeletal-associated pp60 r protein tyrosine kinase activity than do differentiated enterocytes. Oncogene 1993;8:1033-9. (12) Park J, Meisler AI, Cartwright CA. c-Yes tyrosine kinase activity in human colon carcinoma. Oncogene 1993:8:2627-35. (13) Cross FR, Garber EA, Pellman D, Hanafusa H. A short sequence in the p60src N terminus is required for p60src myristylation and membrane association and forced transformation. Mol Cell Biol 1984:4:1834-42. (14) Hamaguchi M, Hanafusa H. Association of p60 with Triton S100-resistant cellular structure correlates with morphological transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987;84:2312-6. (15) Rudnick DA, McWherter CA, Gokel GW, Gordon JI. MyristolCoA:protein /V-Myristoyltransferase. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 1993:67:375-430. (16) Johnson DR, Bhatnagar RS, Knoll LJ, Gordon JI. Genetic and biochemical studies of protein /V-myristoylation. Annu Rev Biochem 1994,63:869-914. (17) Mcllhinney RA, McGlone K, Willis AC. Purification and partial sequencing of myristoyl-CoA:protein /V-myristoyltransferase from bovine brain. Biochem J 1993;290(Pt 2):405-10. (18) King MJ, Sharma RK: Mechanisms of action of NIP71 on JV-myristoyltransferase activity. Mol Cell Biochem 1994; 141:79-86. (19) Glover CJ, Felsted RL. Identification and characterization of multiple forms of bovine brain /V-myristoyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:23226-33. (20) Heuckeroth RO, Glaser L, Gordon JI. Heteroatom-substituted fatty acid analogs as substrates for /V-myristoyltransferase: an approach for studying both the enzymology and function of protein acylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988:85:8795-9. (2/) Bryant M, Ratner L. Myristoylation-dependent replication and assembly of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:5237. (22) Heuckeroth RO, Gordon JI. Altered membrane association of P60v-src and a murine 63-kDa /V-myristoyl protein after incorporation of an oxygen-substituted analog of myristic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989:86:5262-6. (23) Devadas B, Zupec ME, Freeman SK, Brown DL, Nagarajan S, Sikorski JA, et al. Design and syntheses of potent and selective dipeptide inhibitors of Candida albicans Myristoyl-CoA:protein /V-myristoyltransferase. J Med Chem 1995:38:1837-40. (24) Mcllhinney RA. The fats of life: the importance and function of protein acylation. Trends Biochem Sci 1990:15:387-91.
Some Interesting Tracks of Alpha Particles in Gases

SELECTED photographs taken from about ten thousand exposures show a number of types of alpha ray tracks, some of which have been described before and some have not. Fig. 1 gives a track in which it is apparent that the alpha particle hits the nucleus of an oxygen or nitrogen atom. The nucleus is projected forward at a very high speed, while the alpha particle is reflected backward at a sharp angle. In Fig. 2 the track is an almost straight line with a branch which goes off at an angle of about 8°. In some instances the branch is at an angle as great as 50° with the straight track. An example of this is given in Fig. 3, though in the plane of the photograph the angle is only 40°. In some instances another type of track is given, in which one of the branches is very short, the other very long. It is not unlikely that some of the longest tracks are due to hydrogen nuclei. A discussion of the tracks will be published very soon in one of the physical journals. All the photographs were taken by the Shimizu-Wilson method, by means of which many more photographs showing views at right angles will soon betaken.
Treatment of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae by interruption of leptomeningeal venous drainage

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (AVF's) of the tentorial incisura or the dura of the middle fossa have a much higher incidence of draining via leptomeningeal veins than do AVF's of the transverse-sigmoid sinuses or the cavernous sinus. Such a drainage pattern is associated with an increased incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and progressive focal neurological deficits. Patients with cranial dural AVF's often undergo surgical excision and/or endovascular embolization for elimination of the AVF. Since these lesions are frequently large and involve the skull base or adjacent dural sinuses, extensive surgery is often required. In contrast, spinal dural AVF's with only intradural venous drainage to the medullary venous system are treated successfully by simply interrupting the vein that drains the dural AVF as it enters the subarachnoid space. The authors identified a subgroup of patients with cranial dural AVF's in whom the AVF was drained only by leptomeningeal veins, and sought to establish whether simple interruption of the vein draining the blood from the AVF into the subarachnoid space is effective and lasting treatment in this subgroup of patients, as it is in patients with spinal dural AVF's. Four adult patients with symptomatic cranial dural AVF's (two petrotentorial, one middle fossa floor, and one posterior fossa base) were identified on arteriography as having fistulae that were supplied by the internal and/or external carotid arteries and drained only via leptomeningeal veins (two entered the petrosal vein, one a cerebellar hemispheric vein, and one a mesencephalic vein). All patients underwent interruption of the vein draining the dural AVF as it penetrated the dura to enter the subarachnoid space, and experienced neurological improvement after surgery. Repeat arteriography at 1 to 2 weeks (three patients), 3 months (3 patients), 12 to 15 months (three patients), and 4 years (two patients) revealed no residual AVF and no evidence of abnormal blood flow. Many cranial dural AVF's with leptomeningeal venous drainage (the type with the most aggressive behavior) are drained only by leptomeningeal veins. This subgroup of patients can be identified by selective arteriography and requires only interruption of the draining vein as it enters the subarachnoid space for successful, lasting elimination.
Contrast Studies of the Urogenital System

Traditional contrast radiographic techniques for evaluation of the urogenital system are reviewed. Specific procedural protocols are suggested. The indications, limitations, and interpretation of the studies are discussed.
A Cracked Mirror, a Fragmented History and a Path That Always Comes Back to the Beginning: Giose Rimanelli's BENEDETTA IN GUYSTERLAND

Benedetta in Guysterland, Giose Rimanelli's first English novel, is not a simple text. The reader is immediately propelled into a continuously changing whirlpool of the 1960s, a significant and antagonistic era in America, and it manifests by the use of a language that explores, evolves and expands with each chapter. To focus the loss of hope of that era in his new social environment (America), Rimanelli interweaves, within this narrative, parallel situations of terror that hurled the Italian peninsula, thirty years earlier, into its atrocious infernal of the Civil War. The author, relying on his classic, Italian medieval literary tradition, contrasts this contemporary historical period with the horrifying realism of the Fascist era. In so doing, Rimanelli is crystallizing the abyss that exists between two very different generations that manifested itself as the “generation gap,” a socio-political dilemma that occupied the country and threatened a war-like confrontation between the groups. The momentum fo...