cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiologic and Pharmacologic Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Therapeutic hypothermia is emerging as a promising intervention to improve the neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at birth. Understanding the physiologic effects and pharmacologic consequences of hypothermia is integral to the safe management and optimum outcome of these patients. In this review, we will begin with an overview of the physiologic consequences of hypothermia therapy in neonates, including changes in vital signs and laboratory values and other potential adverse effects. We then review effects of lowered core temperature on drug metabolism, clearance, and response that may significantly impact drug efficacy and toxicity, thereby affecting patient outcome.
Fatty acyl Δ6 desaturation activity of cultured human endothelial cells modulation by fetal bovine serum

Human endothelial cells from umbilical vein actively desarurate [14C]linoleate and synthesize icosatrienoate, arachidonate and docosatetraenoate. Desaturation and chain elongation of 9,12,15-[14C]linolenate (n − 3) by these cells is more extensive than that of [14C]linoleate. Both confluent primary monolayers and subconfluent subcultures exhibit greater fatty acyl CoA Δ6-desaturase activity when growth and incubation media contain 2.5% fetal bovine serum instead of 10%. Prior growth with 20% serum diminishes the extent of subsequent linoleate desaturation. Use of medium supplemented with 20–100 μM oleate results in up to 67% inhibition of [14C]arachidonate synthesis. These results indicate that, despite previously published reports to the contrary, human vascular endothelial cells are similar to other normal mammalian cells in having fatty acyl Δ6-desaturase activity. Suppression of endogenous arachidonate synthesis by elevated levels of serum lipids may impair endothelial cell function.
A characterization of a topology on the countably infinite random graph

Abstract Let G be a countably infinite random graph and let M ( G ) be the collection of all maximal complete subgraphs of G with the subspace topology inherited from the power set 2 G . We show that with probability 1, M ( G ) is homeomorphic to the irrationals.
Cell concentration as a factor in precursor incorporation by tobacco leaf protoplasts or separated cells.

Freshly isolated protoplasts or separated cells prepared from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cvs. Xanthincor Turkish Samsun exhibit substantially greater incorporation of [3H] leucine and [3H] uridine into protoplast protein and RNA, respectively, when dilute rather than concentrated suspensions are incubated. This phenomenon is considered to result from a dilution of the labeled precursors in the incubation medium by nonlabeled precursors of cellular origin.
Rejection is less common in children undergoing liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma

To compare the incidence of acute histologically proven rejection in children who have had a liver transplant for hepatoblastoma with a control group of children transplanted for biliary atresia (EHBA). A retrospective case notes based study was performed. Twenty patients were identified with hepatoblastoma who were transplanted at a single unit between 1991 and 2008. These were matched as closely as possible for age, gender, year of transplant and type of immunosuppression used to the control group transplanted for biliary atresia (n = 60). There was a significant decrease in rate of acute rejection as assessed by the rejection activity index (RAI) in the hepatoblastoma group (75% vs. 50%, respectively, p < 0.04). Chronic rejection was rare in both groups, but twice as common in the biliary atresia group. Equal levels of immunosuppression were achieved in both groups. Renal function was noted to be reduced one yr post-transplant in both groups, as previously reported. A modified immunosuppression regimen could be considered in children with hepatoblastoma undergoing liver transplantation.
Transfer of skills between human operators through haptic training with robot coordination

In this paper, we discuss a coordinated haptic training architecture useful for transferring expertise in teleoperation-based manipulation between two human users. The objective is to construct a reality-based haptic interaction system for knowledge transfer by linking an expert's skill with robotic movement in real time. The benefits from this approach include 1) a representation of an expert's knowledge into a more compact and general form by learning from a minimized set of training samples, and 2) an increase in the capability of a novice user by coupling learned skills absorbed by a robotic system with haptic feedback. In order to evaluate our ideas and present the effectiveness of our paradigm, human handwriting is selected as our experiment of interest. For the learning algorithms, artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are utilized and their performances are compared. For the evaluation of the performance of the output of the learning modules, a modified Longest Common Subsequence (LCSS) algorithm is implemented. Results show that one or two experts' samples are sufficient for the generation of haptic training knowledge, which can successfully recreate manipulation motion with a robotic system and transfer haptic forces to an untrained user with a haptic device. Also in the case of handwriting comparison, the similarity measures result in up to an 88% match even with a minimized set of training samples.
PARTS OF A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIT IN PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Probability and statistics are important mathematical tools used by man in technological society. For numerous reasons, recommendations have been made for a comprehensive program in probability and statistics that begins in the elementary school. Research seems to indicate certain topics in probability and statistics may be suitable for elementary school students to learn. However, the schools are not teaching these concepts, partly because of a lack of adequate materials. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to test the feasibility of teaching topics in probability and statistics to a class of sixth-grade students; and (2) to construct a set of instructional materials and procedures in probability and statistics for sixth-grade students.
Conceptual design of instrument systems utilising physical laws

This paper presents a knowledge-based system (KBS) implementing a convergent method based on physical laws for design concept generation of instrument systems. From the fundamental requirements specifications, the system utilising first principles can generate a range of alternative concepts. These are sequences of physical laws each of which would satisfy the basis of a required instrument system. Full details of how the KBS generates alternative solutions are provided.
The Influence of Group Variability and Processing Goals on the Ease of Making Judgments about Social Categories

This article examined the effects of group variability and processing goals on the ease of making judgments about social groups. Participants were presented with a heterogeneous or homogeneous category and were instructed either to form an impression of the group (impression set) or to attend to the similarities among, and the differences between, group members (integration set). Under impression sets, we predicted that participants would find it harder to judge heterogeneous groups as compared to homogeneous groups. Under integration sets, however, judgments were predicted to be relatively easy, regardless of group variability. These predictions were supported, regardless of whether judgment ease was operationalized via response latencies (Experiment 1) or through subjective reports (Experiment 2). Experiment 2 suggested that these effects were driven by the effects of group variability and instructional set on the importance of subtypes formed at the subordinate level. Implications of these results for ...
Paleozoic brachiopod autecology based on taphonomy: example from the Devonian Ross Formation of Tennessee (USA)

Abstract The articulation: disarticulation ratio for shells of the terebratulid Rensselaerina medioplicata (40), rhychonellid Sphaerirhynchia lindenensis (3.3), atrypid “ Atrypa” reticularis (3.1) and athyrididinid Meristella atoka (8.5) indicate that a significantly greater percentage of shells remained articulated relative to the strophomenids Leptostrophia beckii, Schuchertella woolworthana , and Leptaena rhomboidalis , and the orthid Discomyorthis oblata (all Macropleura macropleura and Kozlowskiellina perlamellosa also possess a cyrtomatodont hinge, yet the percentage of articulated shells is similar to that of the strophomenids. The strophodontid L. beckii is unique in having denticles along its hinge, but this character did not result in a greater percentage of the shells remaining articulated relative to strophomenids with a simpler hinge. Smaller size shells were more commonly disarticulated and fragmented based on the negatively skewed size-frequency distributions of each species. Single, thicker pedicle valves outnumber thinner brachial valves, except for L. rhomboidalis . Fractures are localized anteriorly by rugae and pseudopunctae in L. rhomboidalis and by frilly lamellae in A. reticularis . The atrypids, strophomenids, terebratulids and athyrididinids had hydrodynamically stable shells which commonly show shell deformation resulting from burial in life orientation. The orthids, and to a lesser extent rhynchonelids and spiriferidinids, commonly show shell deformation as a result of burial in non-life orientations.
Compile-time execution structure of object-oriented programs with practical ownership domain annotations

Ownership domain annotations express and enforce design intent related to object encapsulation and communication directly in real object-oriented code.First, this work will make the ownership domains type system more expressive. Second, ownership domain annotations enable obtaining, at compile time, the execution structure of an annotated program. The execution structure is sound, hierarchical and scales to large programs. It also conveys more design intent that existing compile-time approaches that do not rely on ownership annotations. Finally, tools will infer these annotations semi-automatically at compile time, once a developer provides the design intent.
Utilization of an integrated multidepartmental medical imaging system in a hospital environment

ABSTRACTDevelopment of automated medical information systems requires knowledge about the utilization of the system;both for design and as feedback during the development process. One of the significant advantages of computer systemsis that they can provide an automatic log of system utilization. This paper reports the first study of utilization datacollected automatically in an integrated image environment. Images are routinely used in clinical care. Selected imagesare shown repeatedly for teaching, demonstration, and reference at locations throughout the hospital. Images are viewedboth by the collecting service when producing procedure reports and consultations, as well as by the treating physiciansfrom other hospital services. Medical departments have developed image collection policies to meet their internal needsand the needs of treating physicians.2. VA'S DHCP INTEGRATED IMAGING SYSTEMTo support its physicians in providing high quality health care, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs isinstalling and evaluating a distributed imaging system that provides image management and communications functionalityas an integral part of its existing integrated hospital information system, the Decentralized Hospital Computer Program(DHCP). The system's network provides connectivity for multiple image servers, 80386-based high resolution true colorimage workstations, and the networked DHCP hospital information system [1,2]. It also provides shared services, suchas image printing, image processing, file transfer and format conversion, image archiving to optical disk jukebox, andbackup. The system has been handling a variety of medical images from cardiology studies, microscopic pathology slides,and endoscopic examinations. Other image types have been recently added including radiology studies, in situ pathologyas seen in the operating room, and images of dermatologic or ophthalmologic lesions.
Genital hypertrophy: a neonatal pseudotumor in females

A newborn female presented with a perineal and pelvic pseudotumor due to genital hypertrophy. This entity should not be confused with interlabial or cul-de-sac masses that require surgical intervention.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 signaling contributes to angioobliterative pulmonary hypertension

The mechanisms involved in the development of severe angioobliterative pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are multicellular and complex. Many of the features of human severe PAH, including angioobliteration, lung perivascular inflammation, and right heart failure, are reproduced in the Sugen 5416/chronic hypoxia (SuHx) rat model. Here we address, at first glance, the confusing and paradoxical aspect of the model, namely, that treatment of rats with the antiangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 and 2 kinase inhibitor, Sugen 5416, when combined with chronic hypoxia, causes angioproliferative pulmonary vascular disease. We postulated that signaling through the unblocked VEGF receptor VEGFR3 (or flt4) could account for some of the pulmonary arteriolar lumen–occluding cell growth. We also considered that Sugen 5416–induced VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 blockade could alter the expression pattern of VEGF isoform proteins. Indeed, in the lungs of SuHx rats we found increased expression of the ligand proteins VEGF-C and VEGF-D as well as enhanced expression of the VEGFR3 protein. In contrast, in the failing right ventricle of SuHx rats there was a profound decrease in the expression of VEGF-B and VEGF-D in addition to the previously described reduction in VEGF-A expression. MAZ51, an inhibitor of VEGFR3 phosphorylation and VEGFR3 signaling, largely prevented the development of angioobliteration in the SuHx model; however, obliterated vessels did not reopen when animals with established PAH were treated with the VEGFR3 inhibitor. Part of the mechanism of vasoobliteration in the SuHx model occurs via VEGFR3. VEGFR1/VEGFR2 inhibition can be initially antiangiogenic by inducing lung vessel endothelial cell apoptosis; however, it can be subsequently angiogenic via VEGF-C and VEGF-D signaling through VEGFR3.
The Mark of Postmodernism: Reading Roger Rabbit

Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (Zemeckis, 1988) est marque des traces de la postmodernite. Sous les travestissements d’un simple film d’animation au deploiement technologique spectaculaire, sous le dessin d’un gentil petit lapin alcoolique et inquiet des intentions de sa femme plantureuse se cache « une rupture epistemologique ». L’auteur demontre a quel point le film est emporte dans le jeu effrene de la transgression des frontieres, des conventions et des genres, dans les plis multiples des dedoublements des codes, dans la dissemination des citations ironiques. Il montre en quoi Roger Rabbit pourrait etre une figure obsolete transformee en heros postmoderne.
Perception of spasmodic dysphonia speech in background noise.

Summary The purpose of this investigation was to judge whether the Lombard effect, a characteristic change in the acoustical properties of speech produced in noise, existed in adductor spasmodic dysphonia speech, and if so, whether the effect added to or detracted from speaker intelligibility. Intelligibility, as described by Duffy, is the extent to which the acoustic signal produced by a speaker is understood by a listener based on the auditory signal alone. Four speakers with adductor spasmodic dysphonia provided speech samples consisting of low probability sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise test to use as stimuli. The speakers were first tape-recorded as they read the sentences in a quiet speaking condition and were later tape-recorded as they read the same sentences while exposed to background noise. The listeners used as subjects in this study were 50 undergraduate university students. The results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the intelligibility of...
Reconstruction of an extraordinary extinct primate from Madagascar.

The minicontinent of Madagascar has been separated by 350 miles of ocean from its neighbor Africa for at least the past 120 million years, i.e., since long before the beginning of the Age of Mammals (1). As a result, the island's flora and fauna show extremely elevated levels of endemicity overall (2), and its native mammals show a curious combination of low diversity at the ordinal level with extraordinarily high diversity at lower taxonomic levels (3). Today, for example, Madagascar harbors an astonishing 30% of all primate families and some 21% of all primate genera (3), all of them represented nowhere else. Yet, high as these figures are, they would have been substantially higher a mere 2,000 years ago, before the arrival of Madagascar's first human inhabitants and the probably not coincidental extinction of a substantial proportion of the island's primate (lemur) fauna. In this issue of PNAS, Ryan et al. (4) report how new fossil discoveries and the use of computer-aided visualization techniques have significantly advanced our knowledge of cranial construction and body proportions in Hadropithecus, one of the most unusual of the recently extinct lemur genera.
STK-1, the human homolog of Flk-2/Flt-3, is selectively expressed in CD34+ human bone marrow cells and is involved in the proliferation of early progenitor/stem cells

We cloned the cDNA for stem cell tyrosine kinase 1 (STK-1), the human homolog of murine Flk-2/Flt-3, from a CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-enriched library and investigated its expression in subsets of normal human bone marrow. The cDNA encodes a protein of 993 aa with 85% identity and 92% similarity to Flk-2/Flt-3. STK-1 is a member of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase family that includes KIT (steel factor receptor), FMS (colony-stimulating factor 1R), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. STK-1 expression in human blood and marrow is restricted to CD34+ cells, a population greatly enriched for stem/progenitor cells. Anti-STK-1 antiserum recognizes polypeptides of 160 and 130 kDa in several STK-1-expressing cell lines and in 3T3 cells transfected with a STK-1 expression vector. Antisense oligonucleotides directed against STK-1 sequences inhibited hematopoietic colony formation, most strongly in long-term bone marrow cultures. These data suggest that STK-1 may function as a growth factor receptor on hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells.
Field and laboratory observations of bed stress and associated nutrient release in a tidal estuary

Abstract Nutrient release driven by sediment resuspension in a shallow coastal estuarine system is examined with field observations of bed stress and bed elevation, coupled with laboratory erosion experiments on sediment cores. Two field experiments were conducted over near-cohesive muddy-sand sediments in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. In the first deployment, boundary layer development during typical summer tidal forcing was observed, while the second deployment occurred under enhanced wind forcing of Tropical Storm Irene. In situ bed stress and erosion depths were estimated with a profiling acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Sediment cores were subjected to EROMES erosion chamber experiments to determine erosion depth and nutrient release as a function of applied shear stress. Results show erosion depths are consistent with in situ observations over shear stresses ranging from 0.10 N m −2 (incipient motion) to 0.35 N m −2 (resuspension events). Erosion chamber experiments showed that ammonium release (up to 2 mmol m −2 ) increased with bed stress in both spring and summer. However, phosphate release was more variable, with no phosphate release during resuspension in spring and a variable phosphate flux (ranging −0.5–2 mmol m −2 ) in summer. Increased hydrodynamic forcing during a storm event in the summer generated shear stresses (up to 0.58 N m −2 ) during flood tides that exceeded the threshold for sediment motion, and resulted in erosion of the seabed. EROMES results predict there was concomitant release of nutrients into the water column from the muddy sediments of the Bay, and the release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate was up to 10% and 65%, respectively, of the summer monthly riverine input of these nutrients. Results indicate qualitatively that in shallow, tidally dominated estuaries, fine-grained sediment beds may be a source of nutrients that are particularly important during storms that enhance near bed shear stresses.
Using Cases and Clickers in Library Instruction: Designed for Science Undergraduates

Case studies and audience response systems (clickers) were used with science undergraduates scheduled to attend library instruction sessions at The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina. Each class session incorporated a relevant case study adapted from the University of Buffalo's National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, and the author paced students through a series of multiple choice questions designed to require higher-order thinking processes (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation). Clicker devices were used to answer these questions anonymously and formed the basis of discussion related to scholarly sources of information, empirical research, plagiarism, and citation styles. This article describes some of the methods used to engage and sustain student participation during a typical fifty-minute class session.
The reliability of combustible gas alarms.

(1954). The Reliability of Combustible Gas Alarms. American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 261-266.
Noncommutative superpositions for nonlinear operators

Abstract Let T be an operator, T: D → E, T has a superposition with respect to an element e ϵ E iff ∃ a binary operation ∗ on D such that T(x ∗ y) = e when T(x) = T(y) = e . All operators having a superposition found until now have commutative superposition operations. In this paper a class of nonlinear operators defined on a linear space is constructed, having a superposition with respect to 0, the superposition being a noncommutative semigroup operation.
Distribution of rubidium and strontium in the potassium feldspars of two granite batholiths

The abundances of rubidium and strontium have been determined in potassium feldspar separates and some whole rock samples from two Precambrian batholiths, the San Isabel batholith of the Wet Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A., and the Buchanan massif (Lone Grove pluton) of central Texas, U.S.A. Absolute abundances of the two elements in the feldspars vary widely, but the Rb/Sr ratio is relatively constant within mapped zones or facies. Selective precipitation of potassium over rubidium into early-crystallizing potassium feldspar leaves late-stage magmatic fluids enriched in rubidium and thus causes the absolute rubidium contents and the Rb/Sr ratios of feldspars and whole rocks to be highly dependent on the activity of volatiles. Escape of volatile-rich, end-stage fluids is apparently responsible for decrease in Rb/Sr ratios toward later-crystallizing rocks. The preservation of widely different Rb/Sr ratios in minerals in different facies of a comagmatic rock assemblage provides, through later partial melting, one method of generating non-zero initial apparent isochrons in whole-rock strontium isotope studies of igneous suites.
Political and economic determinants of county government pay

With rare exceptions the literature on wage determination in the public sector has focused upon the impact of collective bargaining. (Shapiro, 1978; Freund, 1974; Ashenfelter, 1971; Ehrenberg, 1972). On the other hand, there is a more limited discussion of government wage determination which implicitly assumes the existence of a social welfare function which generates labor demand curves from equating social marginal rates of substitution to relative factor price ratios (Ehrenberg, 1972; Ashenfelter and Ehrenberg, 1975; Smith, 1976.) However, all of this liberature neglects the public choice theory and empirical evidence which, in extremis, denies the existence of a well-behaved social objective function. Unfortunately, the major public choice work on this subject by Niskanen (1971: 45) assumes that a bureau is a 'competitive purchaser of factors.' The conclusions of this assumption appear to contradict the facts of relative government pay as adduced by Smith (1976; 1977), Lentz (1976a) and Perloff (1974). Similarly, the works of political scientists on public sector employment in the non-unionized context, Sorauf (1956), Tucker (1969) and Grump (1971), focus upon the political participation outcomes of public employment without any rigorous treatment of the economic incentives used to induce these outcomes. In this article, I simply wish to argue that we need a model of public sector wage determination which (1) predicts the wage outcomes in the absence of unionization, (2) takes explicit account of the fact public employment labour demands are the outcome of a democratic political process, and (3) accounts for the major non-wage terms and conditions of public employment. Reder (1975) has advanced this sort of model as have I in Lentz (1976a). In this paper I will merely summarize my earlier work and test the model put forward using data for county government employees. In the analysis proposed here and in Lentz (1976a), the fundamental assumption is that public employers seek to maximize their long-run expected, i.e. loyal, voter support rather than the output of traditionally-defined
Protein–protein interactions and genetic diseases: The interactome ☆

Protein-protein interactions mediate essentially all biological processes. Despite the quality of these data being widely questioned a decade ago, the reproducibility of large-scale protein interaction data is now much improved and there is little question that the latest screens are of high quality. Moreover, common data standards and coordinated curation practices between the databases that collect the interactions have made these valuable data available to a wide group of researchers. Here, I will review how protein-protein interactions are measured, collected and quality controlled. I discuss how the architecture of molecular protein networks has informed disease biology, and how these data are now being computationally integrated with the newest genomic technologies, in particular genome-wide association studies and exome-sequencing projects, to improve our understanding of molecular processes perturbed by genetics in human diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: From Genome to Function.
Integrating patient safety into the clinical microsystem

Healthcare institutions continue to face challenges in providing safe patient care in increasingly complex organisational and regulatory environments while striving to maintain financial viability. The clinical microsystem provides a conceptual and practical framework for approaching organisational learning and delivery of care. Tensions exist between the conceptual theory and the daily practical applications of providing safe and effective care within healthcare systems. Healthcare organisations are often complex, disorganised, and opaque systems to their users and their patients. This disorganisation may lead to patient discomfort and harm as well as much waste. Healthcare organisations are in some sense conglomerates of smaller systems, not coherent monolithic organisations. The microsystem unit allows organisational leaders to embed quality and safety into a microsystem's developmental journey. Leaders can set the stage for making safety a priority for the organisation while allowing individual microsystems to create innovative strategies for improvement.
Representativity of the Midwestern Paleoindian Sample

Knowing Midwestern Paleoindians from archaeological evidence requires due regard for the record's quality as a sample. How big is it? How much of it do we have? How representative is this sample by...
External environment of Mongolia’s security

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.114 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 3-13
Determination of Plasma Fentanyl by Gc-mass Spectrometry and Pharmacokinetic Analysis

GC-mass spectrometry was used to measure extremely low levels of fentanyl in dog plasma. Deuterated fentanyl was synthesized for use as an internal standard. Fentanyl was hydrolyzed to despropionyl fentanyl by 20% DCl in deuterium oxide. Mass spectrometric analysis of the product revealed that the molecular ion was three mass units higher than that of the authentic despropionyl fentanyl, indicating that the deuterium exchange reactions occurred at this stage. Deuterated despropionyl fentanyl was reesterified by propionyl chloride to fentanyl-d3. The drug was assayed in biological fluids by extraction into ethyl acetate followed by analysis with GC-chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. The lowest measurable plasma fentanyl level is 500 pg/ml. The method is highly selective and is suitable for monitoring the time course of plasma drug levels. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic data from experiments using nine dogs revealed a triphasic phenomenon. No measurable amounts of the major metabolites, despropionyl fentanyl and norfentanyl, were detected.
Two new approaches to bandwidth-efficient partnering for cooperative diversity

This paper presents two new techniques employing bandwidth-efficient modulation to enable two partners to cooperatively convey their data to a common destination. Both approaches integrate relaying and channel coding, exploiting the fact that each partner knows the data relayed by the other partner to enhance the partner-to-partner link. The first approach is based on bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM); a key innovation is the use of set-partition (SP) labelling that enables the receiving partner to demodulate and decode based on a sparse subset of the original constellation. The second approach is based on trellis coded modulation (TCM); the local and relayed data are multiplexed together prior to encoding, and the receiving partner prunes the trellis edges inconsistent with the known relayed data. In both approaches, the receiver at the common destination benefits in two ways — indirectly from the increased diversity made possible by the enhanced partner-to-partner link, and directly by exploiting the SP-labeling/trellis-pruning in its decoding protocol. Simulations indicate that the new techniques offer significant performance gain over conventional cooperation based on time-sharing — a gain of 2.50 dB for the 16-QAM BICM system and a gain of 3.0 dB for the 8-PSK TCM system, both at a frame error rate of 10−2.
Pulsatile LH secretion in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Evidence for normal neuroregulation of the menstrual cycle

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been proposed to result from excessive exposure to and/or withdrawal of brain opioid activity during the luteal phase. Because hypothalamic opioids are believed to modulate GnRH secretion, in part under the influence of ovarian steroids, we performed longitudinal studies of gonadotropin and ovarian steroid secretion across ovulatory, symptomatic cycles of 17 PMS patients and 8 normal volunteers. Pulsatile LH secretion was measured every 10 min for 8 hr at times when central opioid activity was expected to be low (early follicular phase), high (mid-luteal phase; ML), and declining (late luteal phase). In both subject groups, a cycle-phase effect was observed for LH pulse frequency (p=<0.001) and amplitude (p=0.002), and for the transverse mean concentrations of LH (p=0.05), FSH (p<=0.001), estradiol (E2) (p=<0.001) and progesterone (P) (p=<0.001). ML P secretion in PMS patients was pulsatile, and mean concentrations (over 30–60 min) were similar to those of normal controls. The changes in pulsatile LH secretion across the cycle were not different in the PMS patients compared to the normal women, though mean FSH in the ML phase was higher in the PMS group (p=<0.05). The similar changes in luteal LH pulse frequency fail to provide evidence that GnRH secretion is impaired, thus challenging the view that the neuroregulation of the menstrual cycle in women with PMS is markedly altered.
In vivo imaging of serotonin transporters with [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in nonhuman primates.

[99mTc]TRODAT-1 was the first 99mTc-labeled imaging agent to show specific binding to dopamine transporters (DAT) in the striatum (STR) of human brain. Additionally, in vitro binding and autoradiographic experiments demonstrated that this tracer also binds to serotonin transporters (SERT) in the midbrain/hypothalamus (MB) area. In this study, [99mTc]TRODAT-1 was investigated as a potentially useful ligand to image SERT in the MB of living brain. A total of eight single-photon emission tomography (SPET) scans were performed in two baboons (Papio anubis) after intravenous (i.v.) injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 using a triple-head gamma camera equipped with ultra-high-resolution fan-beam collimators (scan time: 0–210 min). In four blocking studies, baboons were pretreated with (+)McN5652 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or methylphenidate (1 mg/kg, i.v.) to specifically block SERT or DAT, respectively. After co-registration with magnetic resonance images of the same baboon, a region of interest analysis was performed using predefined templates to calculate specific uptake in the midbrain area and the striatum, with the cerebellum as the background region [(MB–CB)/CB, (STR–CB)/CB]. Additionally, two PET scans of the same baboons were performed after i.v. injections of 74–111 MBq (2–3 mCi) of [11C](+)McN5652 to identify the SERT sites. In [99mTc]TRODAT-1/SPET scans, the SERT sites in the MB region were clearly visualized. Semiquantitative analysis revealed a specific uptake in MB ([MB–CB]/CB) of 0.30±0.02, which was decreased to 0.040±0.005 after pretreatment with nonradioactive (+)McN5652, a selective SERT ligand. Pretreatment with methylphenidate reduced the specific binding of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 to DAT sites [(STR-CB)/CB] from 2.45±0.13 to 0.32±0.04 without any effect on its binding to SERT sites [(MB–CB)/CB], which was confirmed by the co-registration of the [11C](+)McN5652/PET scans. This preliminary study suggests that specific binding of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 to SERT sites can be detected by in vivo SPET imaging despite the low target to background ratio. These findings provide impetus for further development of similar compounds with improved binding affinity and selectivity to SERT sites.
Litter drives ecosystem and plant community changes in cattail invasion.

Invaded systems are commonly associated with a change in ecosystem processes and a decline in native species diversity; however, many different causal pathways linking invasion, ecosystem change, and native species decline could produce this pattern. The initial driver of environmental change may be anthropogenic, or it may be the invader itself; and the mechanism behind native species decline may be the human-induced environmental change, competition from the invader, or invader-induced environmental change (non-trophic effects). We examined applicability of each of these alternate pathways in Great Lakes coastal marshes invaded by hybrid cattail (Typha × glauca). In a survey including transects in three marshes, we found that T. × glauca was associated with locally high soil nutrients, low light, and large amounts of litter, and that native diversity was highest in areas of shallow litter depth. We tested whether live T. × glauca plants or their litter induced changes in the environment and in diversity...
Basal to Near Hyperemic Pulsatile Flow in a Deployed Coronary Stent

The present study focuses on developing basal to near hyperemic flow through the entrance region of a deployed stent in a coronary artery segment. Stents that are presently available in market differ significantly in design. Hence, there is a need to optimize its design such that the magnitude of wall shear stress is within physiologic limit, thus minimizing the patho-physiological effects. For near hyperemic flow, the analysis showed a 20 fold increase in the positive values of wall shear stress at the stent wires exposed to the blood flow. Further, at the void next to the entrance, the wall shear stress was an order of magnitude lower than the values typically observed in similar downstream regions.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Mechanism of Cytokinesis: Reconsideration and Reconciliation

The widely held models of cytokinesis contend that signals for cleavage are transmitted by astral microtubules, and that such signals elicit the assembly and contraction of an equatorial band of actin-myosin II filaments. However, experiments during the past decade have painted an increasingly complex picture, including strong evidence for the involvement of chromosomal passenger proteins and interzonal microtubules, and the involvement of not only cortical contraction but also cytoskeletal disintegration. The purpose of this article is to consider alternative models that might better accommodate both old and new observations. It is proposed that chromosomal passenger proteins undergo dynamic associations at centromeres during metaphase and are recruited from the cytoplasm to both astral and interzonal microtubules during anaphase. In addition, cytokinesis may be driven by global inward contractions coupled to a localized collapse of the equatorial cortex.
Passive transfer, with plasma, of delayed allergy in guineapigs.

Abstract Passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity (D.H.) to purified protein derivative (P.P.D.) was achieved in two-thirds of normal guineapigs by three daily injections of a small volume of plasma from B.C.G.-immunised X irradiated donors. Neither plasma from non-irradiated B.C.G.-sensitised guineapigs, nor plasma from X irradiated non-immunised donors could transfer P.P.D. sensitivity to normal recipients. Passive transfer of P.P.D. sensitivity could also be achieved by normal spleen cells which had been incubated in vitro with plasma from immune X irradiated donors. Repeated washing of these cells failed to remove their ability passively to transfer P.P.D. sensitivity to normal recipients. It is postulated that thymus-dependent factor(s) responsible for cell-mediated immunity are normally bound to cells but can be released by X irradiation and subsequently absorbed on normal lymphocytes by incubation in vitro. Lymphocytes may thus act as carriers and/or producers of thymus-dependent " antibody " responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
Relationship of fetal growth to duration of heat stress in an ovine model of placental insufficiency.

Abstract Objective: Intrauterine growth restriction in an ovine model occurs after exposure to environmental heat stress for 80 days beginning at 35 days' gestation. Our objective was to determine whether intrauterine growth restriction is reversible on removal of the heat stress after only 55 days of exposure; that is, does a brief exposure at a critical point of development suffice? Study Design: Five pregnant ewes were exposed to heat stress beginning at 35 days' gestation and were removed after 55 days of exposure. Five ewes in a control group were studied as contemporaneous controls and added to data from 37 ewes in a control group previously studied. Serial fetal biometric ultrasonographic measurements (biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, femur length, and tibia length) were obtained beginning at 50 days' gestation. Growth curves were calculated for each parameter, and comparisons were made between fetuses in the group exposed to heat stress for 55 days and 42 fetuses in the control group and 4 fetuses from a previous study that were exposed to heat for 80 days. Regression lines, 95% confidence intervals, and slopes were determined for each study group. Results: Both the 55-day and the 80-day heat exposure groups showed a significant reduction in fetal and placental weights compared with the control group. Animals in the 80-day group had significantly lower fetal and placental weights than the animals in the 55-day group ( P P P P Conclusion: The fetuses in the 55-day and 80-day groups reflect a pattern of asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction. Our findings suggest that the initial insult affecting fetal and placental growth occurs early in gestation, but removal of fetuses after only 55 days of exposure significantly reduces the degree of fetal growth restriction compared with that found in those fetuses exposed for 80 days. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1278-82.)
Ammonia utilization by a proposed bacterial pathogen in human periodontal disease, Capnocytophaga ochracea

Abstract Capnocytophaga ochracea strain 25 was originally isolated from a patient with severe juvenile periodontitis. An NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC 1.4.1.2.) was found in cell-free extracts from this organism. The NADH-dependent reductive, or ammonia-assimilating activity (NADH-GDH), of the enzyme was 8–10-fold higher than its NAD-dependent oxidative, or ammonia-releasing activity (NAD-GDH), suggesting that the primary physiological role of the GDH is ammonia-fixing. Capnocytophaga ochracea GDH was purified approximatsly 39-fold by a rapid, single-step purification procedure using DEAE-cellulose (DE52) ion-exchange column chromatography which gave 90 per cent recovery of total enzyme units. Paper chromatography of an NADH-GDH assay mixture containing the partially purified enzyme showed that glutamate was, indeed, a product of the ammonia-assimilating reaction. The pH optimum for the NAD-GDH reaction was 9.0; that for the NADH-GDH reaction was 7.5. Although a number of mono- and divalent cations were tested, none had a large effect on either NAD-GDH or NADH-GDH activity. The NAD-GDH reaction showed a hyperbolic kinetic response to glutamate and NAD and the Km values for glutamate and NAD were 2.44 and 0.083 mM respectively. The kinetic response of the NADH-GDH reaction to NADH, α-ketoglutarate and ammonium chloride also obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and their respective Km values were 0.069, 1.44 and 3.33 mM. Of a number of biologically-active compounds tested for their ability to modulate GDH activity, only ADP and NAD exerted much effect. The NADH-GDH activity showed a negative hyperbolic kinetic response to both ADP and NAD and Dixon plot-analysis of the NAD and ADP saturation data gave Ki values for ADP and NAD of 4.0 and 0.46 mM respectively. Both NAD and ADP appeared to exert their negative effects on NADH-GDH activity by completely inhibiting the binding of the reduced coenzyme, NADH, to the enzyme.
DANCE THERAPY AND SELF PSYCHOLOGY

In this paper I will introduce the basic concepts of dance therapy and show how dance therapy could be viewed self psychologically. A clinical example will be presented, discussed and critiqued utilizing self psychological concepts. A brief discussion will follow that appraises the potential of blending self psychology and dance therapy together. This is a speculative paper but it may provide a basis to further develop self psychology within dance therapy.
High temperature oxidation of nitride bonded SiC-ceramics

Abstract The oxidation kinetics of a porous (21.5% porosity) nitride bonded silicon carbide (NBSC) ceramics containing 20% SiC was investigated in the temperature range of 1100–1400°C. A rapid linear oxidation rate during the initial exposure to air (0–10 h), was found to be followed by parabolic scale growth. During parabolic oxidation a continuous SiO 2 scale developed whose growth had an activation energy of 132 kJ/mol. Apparently, inward oxygen diffusion through the SiO 2 scale was rate limiting. In addition, severe scale cracking was found probably as a result of the shrinkage (≈1%) associated with the β – α cristobalite transformation below 250°C.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes EBV lytic replication

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers a homeostatic cellular response in mammalian cells to ensure efficient folding, sorting, and processing of client proteins. In lytic-permissive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), pulse exposure to the chemical ER-stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) followed by recovery resulted in the activation of the EBV immediate-early (BRLF1, BZLF1), early (BMRF1), and late (gp350) genes, gp350 surface expression, and virus release. The protein phosphatase 1 a (PP1a)–specific phosphatase inhibitor Salubrinal (SAL) synergized with TG to induce EBV lytic genes; however, TG treatment alone was sufficient to activate EBV lytic replication. SAL showed ER-stress–dependent and –independent antiviral effects, preventing virus release in human LCLs and abrogating gp350 expression in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)–treated B95-8 cells. TG resulted in sustained BCL6 but not BLIMP1 or CD138 expression, which is consistent with maintenance of a germinal center B-cell, rather than plasma-cell, phenotype. Microarray analysis identified candidate genes governing lytic replication in LCLs undergoing ER stress.
Numerical computation of momentum jets and forced plums

Abstract A numerical study of vertical momentum jets and forced plumes issuing to similar receiving media is presented. The complete partial differential equations governing steady, incompressible, turbulent flow are solved in axisymmetric coordinates using finite-difference techniques. Solutions were based on the stream function-vorticity transport approach for a Boussinesq fluid. Buoyant driving forces were coupled to the vorticity equation by a buoyancy transport equation wich included effects of temperature and other constituents. Turbulent transport coefficients were computed iteratively using the Prandt eddy diffusivitiy model. Results for the momentum jet, axial and radial distributions of velocity and concentration, show excellent agreement with published data. Forced plum computations are presented which include similar results for densimetric Froude numbers ranging from 1 to 1000.
Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis VI: Determination of Dantrolene Sodium in a Dosage Form

Operating conditions are described for the qualitative and quantitative determination of dantrolene sodium by high-pressure liquid chromatography. A 10-μm porous silica column was employed, using carbon tetrachloride-dimethylformamide (90:10) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 2.0 ml/min (1800 psig), and the peaks were detected at 375 nm. The analysis of a dosage form can be carried out within 30 min with an accuracy of 3.1%. The results agree favorably with those obtained with a modified spectrophotofluorometric method.