cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of season and terrestrial biome on the abundance of bacteria with plant growth-promoting traits in the lower atmosphere

Recent studies indicate that airborne bacteria follow biogeographical distributions that are influenced by the underlying terrestrial biomes. Nonetheless, dynamics of bacterial fluxes between different terrestrial biomes and the atmosphere and their implications for terrestrial ecology are not well understood. This study examined how season and three different terrestrial biomes affect the abundance of culturable bacteria with three types of plant growth-promoting traits (PGPTs; phosphate-solubilization, siderophore-production, indoleacetic acid production) in the lower atmosphere. Air samples (180 L) were collected onto Petri dishes containing one of three different agar media for cultivating bacteria with the above-named PGPT in replicates of five above three distinct terrestrial biomes (aspen-forest, sagebrush-steppe, and suburban; Pocatello, ID, USA). Air was sampled once per week for three consecutive weeks during each of four seasons (autumn 2014 to summer 2015). Sequence libraries (16S rRNA gene) were also generated from air collected at each site during each sampling event. All three types of bacteria were present in the lower atmosphere above all terrestrial biomes during all seasons, but their abundance (P < 0.05) fluctuated with season, and the abundance of phosphate-solubilizers and siderophore-producers fluctuated with the interaction of biome and season (P < 0.05). Cultured bacteria with PGPTs represented 13 families; these families were also represented by 28.3–61.3 % of sequences in each of the 36-sequence libraries derived from air samples. Results of this first survey of airborne bacteria with PGPTs provide evidence that they may be ubiquitous in the lower atmosphere through which their transport to new habitats, particularly those in early successional stages, may impact ecosystem development.
Abstract 102: Renal Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Homeostasis and Salt Sensitivity by Collectrin

Collectrin ( Tmem27 ), an ACE-2 homologue and a chaperone of amino acid transporters, is expressed in the endothelium and renal epithelia, including the proximal tubules and collecting duct. We previously reported that collectrin-deficient (KO) mice exhibit hypertension (HTN) at baseline and augmented salt-sensitivity associated with impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation and a rightward shift of the pressure-natriuresis relationship. To determine the effect of renal vs. extra-renal collectrin on blood pressure (BP) regulation, we performed renal cross-transplantation studies (at the Duke O’Brien Center), then treated with normal salt (NSD) and high salt (HSD) diets, in the following groups (n = 3-5/group): 1) wild-type (WT) mice with WT kidney (WT WT), 2) collectrin KO mice with WT kidney (WT KO), and 3) WT mice with collectrin KO kidney (KO WT). Collectrin KO WT group displayed a trend towards higher baseline systolic BP (SBP, mmHg); however, under HSD, collectrin KO WT had significantly higher SBP (WT WT 148.9, WT KO 151.6, KO WT 168.6, p = 0.037). To determine the renal endothelial and epithelial contribution of collectrin in BP regulation, we assessed renal blood flow (RBF) by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and renal sodium transporters and channels by immunoblotting. KO mice displayed significantly reduced total, cortical and medullary RBF under both NSD and HSD (n ≥ 11 each, p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, at baseline, compared to WT mice (n = 4), KO mice (n = 5) displayed significantly elevated abundance of NHE3 (p = 0.002), activated NCC (NCC-pS71) (p = 0.004) and ENaC alpha (p = 0.03). We next conducted a candidate gene association study in the HyperGen cohort (1,270 white participants, 50% men), using intronic SNPs in the ACE2 , TMEM27 and CA5BP1 genes on the X chromosome. Only 2 SNPs, rs6629114 and rs41492646, both of TMEM27 and in perfect linkage disequilibrium (r2=1.0), were associated with diastolic BP (DBP). Meta-analysis of men and women showed this was statistically significant, (p=0.04 for both), with stronger effects in men (p=0.028). In conclusion, deletion of collectrin alters renal hemodynamics and epithelial sodium handling to favor sodium reabsorption. Collectrin is associated with DBP in human subjects.
Stimulation of the medial septum improves performance in spatial learning following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Temporal lobe epilepsy often leads to hippocampal sclerosis and persistent cognitive deficits, including difficulty with learning and memory. Hippocampal theta oscillations are critical in optimizing hippocampal function and facilitating plasticity. We hypothesized that pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus would disrupt oscillations and behavioral performance and that electrical neuromodulation to entrain theta would improve cognition specifically in injured rats. Rats received a pilocarpine (n=30) or saline injection (n=27) and unilateral bi-polar electrodes were implanted into the medial septum and hippocampus the following day. Hippocampal and septal theta were recorded in a Plexiglas box over the first week following implantation. Control and pilocarpine-treated rats were split into stimulation (continuous 7.7Hz, 80μA, 1ms pulse width) and non-stimulation groups for behavioral analysis. Continuous stimulation was initiated one-minute prior to and throughout an object exploration task (post-injury day seven) and again for each of six trials on the Barnes maze (post-injury days 12-14). There was a significant reduction in hippocampal theta power (p<0.05) and percentage of time oscillating in theta (p<0.05). In addition there was a significant decrease in object exploration in rats post-pilocarpine (p<0.05) and an impairment in spatial learning. Specifically, pilocarpine-treated rats were more likely to use random search strategies (p<0.001) and had an increase in latency to find the hidden platform (p<0.05) on the Barnes maze. Stimulation of the medial septum at 7.7Hz in pilocarpine-treated rats resulted in performance similar to shams in both the object recognition and Barnes maze tasks. Stimulation of sham rats resulted in impaired object exploration (p<0.05) with no difference in Barnes maze latency or strategy. In conclusion, pilocarpine-induced seizures diminished hippocampal oscillations and impaired performance in both an object exploration and a spatial memory task in pilocarpine-treated rats. Theta stimulation at 7.7Hz improved behavioral outcome on the Barnes maze task; this improvement in function was not related to a general cognitive enhancement, as shams did not benefit from stimulation. Therefore, stimulation of the medial septum represents an exciting target to improve behavioral outcome in patients with epilepsy.
Economics of US State and Local Regulation of Farm Practices, with Emphasis on Restrictions of Interstate Trade

This review focuses on the economics of policies in US states (or localities) that have regulated farm practices and related behavior. Some of these policies represent long-standing policies to govern the nature of farm organization, such as regulation of corporate ownership, investment, or organization. Other more recent policies attempt to affect specific scientific innovations, such as the use of seeds developed using modern biology (e.g., foods from genetically modified organisms). Another recent group of state laws and regulations addresses treatment of farm animals. Finally, treatment of the production and marketing of marijuana is the most recent state agricultural regulation to spark widespread interest and controversy. State and local regulations of farm practices are of broad practical interest because they affect markets beyond their jurisdictions. Broad concerns also follow if the regulations set legal or political precedents, or when rules apply to farm practices in outside jurisdictions.
X-ray Scattering Studies of Protein Structural Dynamics.

X-ray scattering is uniquely suited to the study of disordered systems and thus has the potential to provide insight into dynamic processes where diffraction methods fail. In particular, while X-ray crystallography has been a staple of structural biology for more than half a century and will continue to remain so, a major limitation of this technique has been the lack of dynamic information. Solution X-ray scattering has become an invaluable tool in structural and mechanistic studies of biological macromolecules where large conformational changes are involved. Such systems include allosteric enzymes that play key roles in directing metabolic fluxes of biochemical pathways, as well as large, assembly-line type enzymes that synthesize secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, crystallography has the potential to provide information on protein dynamics via the diffuse scattering patterns that are overlaid with Bragg diffraction. Historically, these patterns have been very difficult...
The Decline of Social Control in the Pueblo World

What were the catalysts for the decline of the Chaco Phenomenon? Was it climatic instability, immigration, cultural and ideological change, or all of the above? This chapter will explore the possible causes behind the eventual reorganization of the Chaco Phenomenon. It will summarize some of the work I have published on with my colleague Debra Martin in a prior Springerbriefs manuscript. This chapter will also explore further the notion that perhaps there were new immigrants that caused the decline. Finally, we will look back at the role of gambling as social control and discuss how it might have created a fundamental shift in ideology.
Cashel Byron’s Blush—And Others

Psychic economy or material psychology? Several chapters ago, this question was raised, accompanied by reasons for replacing “psychic economy” with another phrase that might more effectively encapsulate defining elements of a Shavian psychology—and a Shavian theory of psychology—exhibited by characters in his novels. Part of the reason for doing so, and prefatory to a reading of Shaw’s fourth novel Cashel Byron’s Profession, is to underscore and amplify the near omnipresence of observable physiological change in the novel and to assess its provenience in such negative affects as shame. The confirmation of shame’s existence through the blush, the stooped shoulder, or the averted gaze, in other words, is as material as the appearances of such explicitly materialist disagreements and anxieties over value, overpayment, and utility in Freud’s dreams and those of his patients. Further, particularly where the prospect of marriage is concerned in Shaw’s novel, the intrusion of social class and money frequently catalyzes blushing and other physiological signs of powerful feelings and deep emotion.
Prevention of Child Physical Abuse

In the US over 900,000 children are victims of child maltreatment each year, resulting in physical and non-physical injuries, which can be both acute and long lasting. In over 80% of these cases, the perpetrator is one or both of the child’s parents. Theories on the etiology of child abuse have evolved significantly over the past three decades. The causes of child abuse are now appreciated to be a complex interconnected web of influences rather than a single cause—a symptom of a larger disease or diseases of a family or community. The evolution of thought regarding the etiologies of child abuse has been paralleled by changes in theories of child abuse prevention strategies. Conventional interventions strategies in child abuse prevention have included Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary programs. One of the most studied and effective prevention interventions is home visitation by a nurse or paraprofessional. Other child abuse prevention strategies include in-hospital education and community-based family centers. Due to the complexity of the problem of child abuse, it is not surprising that a universal solution remains elusive. Interventions can be either Ameliorative (attending to the current problems) or Transformative (addressing the underlying social risks). Future directions of child abuse prevention will involve coordinating successful interventions into a larger community context to achieve the correct intervention at the optimal dosage. This will require an increased dependence on data derived from methodologically strong clinical trials to ensure that interventions which are brought to scale are evidence based.
A parametric method for comparing cumulative pregnancy curves following infertility therapy

When evaluating the results of infertility therapy, it is often of interest to know whether differences exist between a new form of therapy and the established one, between medical and surgical therapy, or between patient groups that differ in severity of disease, age, parity, and so on. In this paper, a likelihood-ratio test is developed to evaluate differences between cumulative pregnancy curves of different patient groups. The test takes into account variation in patient follow-up and can be applied to any type of infertility therapy. It is illustrated by consideration of a group of patients who underwent artificial insemination by donor (AID) and determination of whether pregnancy outcome differed according to parity. It was found that the cure rate for both nulliparous and parous patients was virtually 100% and that the monthly probability of pregnancy was not significantly different between the two groups.
Stress intensity factor for a plane crack under normal pressure

The problem of a plane crack in an infinite solid under normal internal pressure is formulated to result in an integral equation for the unknown normal stresses on the plane of the crack. Once these stresses are determined the stress intensity factor, K I, around the crack edge and the normal displacements of points inside the crack region are obtained numerically. The crack contour shape and the normal loading of the crack can be arbitrary. In this paper the integral equation is solved numerically and the stress intensity factor, K I, is obtained for cracks subjected to uniform and linearly varying normal pressure and having various convex contour shapes.
Women in Mongol Iran: the Khātūns, 1206–1335

Bruno de Nicola’s recently published book on the history of the khātūns in Mongol Iran (1206–1335) is a long-awaited contribution to the study of women’s history in the Mongol Empire. The central a...
The Case of Simona Moya: Patient Death and Support for the Doctor

Patient deaths can have an enormous impact on residents, intersecting personal and professional well-being. Supervisors and residency programs are in a unique position to shepherd residents through this grief process and provide emotional and institutional support. Valuing and promoting the mental health of residents requires active participation from residents as well as training programs. This example of a resident’s and supervisor’s response to a patient suicide offers insight into the challenges of assessing resident well-being and referring trainees to psychiatric care.
Empowering lung cancer survivors and family members to “breathe easier”: Adaptation and evaluation of a m-health intervention.

e23046Background: Survivors of lung cancer often experience a myriad of symptoms that have devastating effects on their physical and psychological functioning such as dyspnea, fatigue, and stress. ...
Abstract 437: PRMT5-induced Arginine Methylation Mediates Energy Stress-induced Autophagy in the Heart

Autophagy is a self-degradative process that is important for protecting cells and organisms against stress and plays a protective role in the heart. However, the underlying mechanism by which auto...
Low rates of thiamine prescribing in adult patients with alcohol-related diagnoses in the emergency department.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with thiamine deficiency and Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS). Thiamine supplementation for the prevention of WKS in patients with suspected AU...
Validation of climate and motivational measures for use in the biology laboratory setting

The purpose of this study, grounded in the Achievement Goal Perspective Theory (AGPT) and a Caring framework, was to effectively adapt previously validated measures of caring, task-involving (CTI),...
Hydrodynamics and sound

Preface 1. Equations of motion 2. Potential flow of an incompressible fluid 3. Ideal flow in two dimensions 4. Rotational incompressible flow 5. Surface gravity waves 6. Introduction to acoustics Bibliography.
Modern design of classical controllers: Digital PI controllers

In this paper we describe a new approach to the design of digital Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The approach consists of first parametrizing constant magnitude and constant phase loci in the space of controller gains. These loci consist of ellipses and straight lines respectively. The set of stabilizing controllers S is then computed using methods described in [1]. The final step is to specify the desired closed-loop stability margins and crossover frequencies and determine the sets of controllers achieving these specifications that lie in S. The design procedure is simple and graphical and is illustrated by a numerical example and a power electronics application of a voltage source inverter.
A homomorphism of Harish-Chandra and direct images of -modules

Harish-Chandra defined a homomorphism δ : D(g)G → D(h)W of algebras of invariant polynomial differential operators. The construction and existence of δ are somewhat mysterious. We show how δ naturally arises when one considers matters in the context of D-modules. 0. Introduction 0.1. Let g be a complex semisimple Lie algebra with adjoint group G = Aut(g)◦, Cartan subalgebra h, and Weyl group W . Harish-Chandra [4], [5] defined a homomorphism δ : D(g) → D(h) of algebras of invariant polynomial differential operators. We show that δ arises naturally in the following way: Consider the diagram g yχ
Low-voltage floating-gate CMOS buffer

This paper describes an implementation of a low-voltage CMOS buffer employing a negative feedback to improve its performance. Floating-gate transistors are incorporated to obtain low-threshold transistors and to increase the input/output voltage swing of the circuit operating at 1.2V. The designed circuit is fabricated in 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS process, and occupies 0.0214mm/sup 2/. It achieves total harmonic distortion (THD) of 48dB for 10kHz 0.6V/sub pp/ sinusoidal input signal.
Multi-step EMG Classification Algorithm for Human-Computer Interaction

A three-electrode human-computer interaction system, based on digital processing of the Electromyogram (EMG) signal, is presented. This system can effectively help disabled individuals paralyzed from the neck down to interact with computers or communicate with people through computers using point-and-click graphic interfaces. The three electrodes are placed on the right frontalis, the left temporalis and the right temporalis muscles in the head, respectively. The signal processing algorithm used translates the EMG signals during five kinds of facial movements (left jaw clenching, right jaw clenching, eyebrows up, eyebrows down, simultaneous left & right jaw clenching) into five corresponding types of cursor movements (left, right, up, down and left-click), to provide basic mouse control. The classification strategy is based on three principles: the EMG energy of one channel is typically larger than the others during one specific muscle contraction; the spectral characteristics of the EMG signals produced by the frontalis and temporalis muscles during different movements are different; the EMG signals from adjacent channels typically have correlated energy profiles. The algorithm is evaluated on 20 pre-recorded EMG signal sets, using Matlab simulations. The results show that this method provides improvements and is more robust than other previous approaches.
Effects of Catecholamines on the Immune Response

Abstract Primary and secondary lymphoid organs and blood vessels receive extensive sympathetic/noradrenergic innervation. Immune cells express adrenoreceptors (ARs), and through stimulation of these receptors, locally released norepinephrine (NE), or circulating catecholamines (CAs), including epinephrine, released from the adrenal medulla, affect lymphocyte traffic, circulation and proliferation, and modulate cytokine and antibody production, and the functional activity of different lymphoid cells. Recent evidence indicates that NE and epinephrine, through stimulation of the β 2 -adrenoreceptor–cAMP–PKA pathway, inhibit the production of type 1/pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T helper (Th) 1 cells, whereas they stimulate the production of type 2/anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Through this mechanism, systemically, endogenous CAs may cause a selective suppression of Th1 responses and cellular immunity and a Th2 shift toward dominance of humoral immunity. On the other hand, in certain local responses and under certain conditions, CAs may actually boost regional immune responses, through induction of IL-1, TNF-α, and primarily IL-8 production. Thus, the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during an immune response might be aimed to localize the inflammatory response, through induction of neutrophil accumulation and stimulation of more specific humoral immune responses, while systemically it may suppress Th1 responses and thus protects the organism from the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other products of activated macrophages.
Continuous performance test performance in a normative epidemiological sample.

A 14-min continuous performance test (CPT) requiring a high rate of responding was administered to a probability-weighted random sample of 816 9–17-year-old children drawn from a population of 17,117 children in an ongoing epidemiological and longitudinal study in Western North Carolina. Systematic main effects of improved performance with older age were found in this age range for all variables, including reaction time (RT), RT standard error, errors of omission, errors of commission, and signal detection parameters (d' and β). Significant gender main effects included more impulsive errors, less variability, and faster RT by males, with no interactions between age and gender. There were no main effects of ethnicity or interactions of ethnicity with age and/or gender. Large main effects of interstimulus interval (ISI; 1, 2, or 4-s intervals) and time block were present for most CPT performance measures. The normative data from the CPT should provide a useful framework for interpreting similar data in future studies of child and adolescent psychopathology.
Massive pneumatosis without necrosis: A case report of Clostridium perfringens sepsis in an extremely low birth weight infant

Pneumatosis intestinalis and free intraperitoneal air on abdominal radiographs are considered pathognomonic signs of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We report a unique case of late-onset fulminant sepsis due to Clostridium perfringens presenting with shock, extensive pneumatosis intestinalis and free intraperitoneal air in an extremely low birth weight infant without histopathological evidence of bowel necrosis or NEC.
Differential effect of adenovirus 2 E3/19K glycoprotein on the expression of H-2Kb and H-2Db class I antigens and H-2Kb- and H-2Db-restricted SV40-specific CTL-mediated lysis

The E3/19-kDa glycoprotein (E3/19K) coded by adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) is known to inhibit the cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens by binding to the MHC antigens intracellularly, and thus reduces recognition of antigens by MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We have studied the effect of the E3/19K expression in SV40-infected monkey cells, TC-7/H-2Kb and TC-7/H-2Db expressing transfected H-2Kb and H-2Db antigens, respectively, on the cell-surface H-2 class I antigens and on lysis of the cells by SV40 large tumor (T)-antigen-specific H-2Kb- and H-2Db-restricted CTL clones. H-2Db antigen expression on TC-7/H-2Db cells was drastically reduced by infection with Ad2 but not with an E3/19K-negative SV40-Ad2 hybrid virus, Ad2+ND1, as early as 12 hr postinfection. However, H-2Kb antigen expression on Ad2-infected TC7/H-2Kb cells remained unaltered, even at 24 hr postinfection. Specific lysis of SV40-infected TC-7/H-2Db cells by H-2Db-restricted SV40 T-antigen-specific CTL clones, Y-1 and Y-3, was strongly reduced by coinfection of the target cells with Ad2 but not with Ad2+ND1. Lysis of SV40-infected TC-7/H-2Kb cells by a H-2Kb-restricted SV40 T-antigen-specific CTL clone Y-4 was also reduced significantly by Ad2 infection, but not Ad2+ND1. These results indicate that the E3/19K protein affects cell-surface expression of H-2Db antigen but not H-2Kb antigen.
Real‐time monitoring of high‐gravity corn mash fermentation using in situ raman spectroscopy

In situ Raman spectroscopy was employed for real-time monitoring of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of corn mash by an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An accurate univariate calibration model for ethanol was developed based on the very strong 883 cm−1 C–C stretching band. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) calibration models for total starch, dextrins, maltotriose, maltose, glucose, and ethanol were developed using data from eight batch fermentations and validated using predictions for a separate batch. The starch, ethanol, and dextrins models showed significant prediction improvement when the calibration data were divided into separate high- and low-concentration sets. Collinearity between the ethanol and starch models was avoided by excluding regions containing strong ethanol peaks from the starch model and, conversely, excluding regions containing strong saccharide peaks from the ethanol model. The two-set calibration models for starch (R2 = 0.998, percent error = 2.5%) and ethanol (R2 = 0.999, percent error = 2.1%) provide more accurate predictions than any previously published spectroscopic models. Glucose, maltose, and maltotriose are modeled to accuracy comparable to previous work on less complex fermentation processes. Our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is capable of real time in situ monitoring of a complex industrial biomass fermentation. To our knowledge, this is the first PLS-based chemometric modeling of corn mash fermentation under typical industrial conditions, and the first Raman-based monitoring of a fermentation process with glucose, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides present. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1654–1662. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Liftoff on accuracy of phase velocity measurements made with electromagnetic-acoustic transducers

Electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs) work on transduction principles which allow them to operate with a clearance (liftoff) between them and a conducting specimen. They have the potential for on-line ultrasonic measurements of rapidly moving materials. Liftoff causes changes in the effective inductance and resistance of the EMAT. Consequently, it causes a phase shift in the output voltage of a receiving EMAT. This can cause errors when the EMAT is used for velocity measurements. In this paper, we develop a model for the effect of liftoff. The model gives good agreement with measured liftoff-induced arrival time changes. The model can be extended to the case of an EMAT used with a voltage stepup transformer. The maximum signal is obtained for EMATs operating at resonance; however, the maximum sensitivity to liftoff also occurs then. Thus, a tradeoff must be made between optimum signal and suppressing liftoff artifacts. Our model, and experimental results, can be used to make these tradeoffs.
Introduction to recommender systems

Recommender systems help users find the information, products, and other people they most want to find. This tutorial provides participants with a hands-on learning experience about using recommender system technologies. After completing this tutorial, participants will understand the range of technologies being used for recommender systems, including collaborative filtering, rules-based systems, and information filtering.
The concentration and pressure dependence of the diffusion of dichlorodifluoromethane in poly(dimethyl siloxane)

The diffusion of dichlorodifluoromethane in poly(dimethyl siloxane) as a function of concentration and pressure was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed-field-gradient techniques. The pressure dependence of diffusion could be treated phenomenologically by an activation volume description where the activation volume of 20.9 cm/sup 3//mol is only a fraction of the penetrant's molar volume. A free-volume theory, modified to include the effects of pressure, was used to analyze both the pressure and concentration dependence of diffusion. The functional form of the equation was obeyed very well although it was necessary to assume that the fractional freevolume of penetrant was more than twice its expected value. This discrepancy was interpreted to mean that the motions of the penetrant molecules are weakly coupled to the polymer lattice.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Semi-insulating GaN

Abstract Molecular-beam-epitaxial (MBE) GaN layers can be made semi-insulating (SI) by using a high N flux during growth. For growth at low N flux, the samples have high concentrations (> 1018 cm−3) of shallow donors and shallow acceptors, and also contain a deep center producing a yellow band (2.2 eV) in photoluminescence (PL). For growth at high N flux, the PL lines attributed to shallow acceptors and the yellow band disappear, and the only remaining lines are due to the ground and excited states of the free-exciton A and B bands. The SI material does not produce a measurable Hall effect, and the conduction mechanism is assigned to hopping between deep defects. Using arguments from stoichiometry and theory, we tentatively assign the shallow donors, shallow acceptors, and deep center to the N vacancy, Ga-antisite/Ga-vacancy complex, and Ga antisite, respectively.
Design, modeling, and fabrication of mm 3 three-dimensional integrated antennas

This paper describes the design, modeling, and fabrication methods of a new method to build three-dimensional integrated antenna arrays. The goal is to create a mm-scale sensor for implantation in the human body. Since the orientation of the sensor is not known in advance the antenna must work equally well in all directions. The best way to do this is to build antennas on each side of a cubic structure. The antenna is intended for near field power harvesting. By utilizing the edge antenna the power transfer efficiency can be increased by 18.9 dB at even the worst orientations for the sensors. Another application would be to create an omnidirectional antenna for high frequency mobile devices.
Efficient transfer, integration, and sustained long-term expression of the transgene in adult rat brains injected with a lentiviral vector

We describe the construction of a safe, replication-defective and efficient lentiviral vector suitable for in vivo gene delivery. The reverse transcription of the vector was found to be a rate-limiting step; therefore, promoting the reaction inside the vector particles before delivery significantly enhanced the efficiency of gene transfer. After injection into the brain of adult rats, sustained long-term expression of the transgene was obtained in the absence of detectable pathology. A high proportion of the neurons in the areas surrounding the injection sites of the vector expressed the transduced beta-galactosidase gene. This pattern was invariant in animals sacrificed several months after a single administration of the vector. Transduction occurs by integration of the vector genome, as it was abolished by a single amino acid substitution in the catalytic site of the integrase protein incorporated in the vector. Development of clinically acceptable derivatives of the lentiviral vector may thus enable the sustained delivery of significant amounts of a therapeutic gene product in a wide variety of somatic tissues.
An optical investigation of transient layers in magnetic garnet films grown by liquid phase epitaxy

Abstract The growth of garnet films using Liquid Phase Epitaxy has led not only to materials with improved performance for bubble domain memories but to materials which exhibit improved microwave properties as well. We have investigated the optical properties of such films and found that there exist transient layers at the substrate/film interface and at the film/air interface. Our results and conclusions regarding the substrate/film interface do not agree with those of Davies et al (1) . The discovery of a post growth lead rich layer has not been previously reported to our knowledge and has important implications for both bubble domain and optical applications of garnet films.
A SYSTEMATIC CHANGE WITH TIME IN THE SIZE OF BETELGEUSE

The diameter of Betelgeuse (α Orionis) has been measured at a wavelength of 11.15 μm using the Infrared Spatial Interferometer over the past 15 years. During this 1993-2009 time period the star's size has decreased systematically by 15%.
Direct interaction of human TFIID with the HIV-1 transactivator Tat

The tat gene of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plays a central role in the activation and life cycle of HIV. The tat protein (Tat) specifically transactivates HIV transcription in vivo and in vitro, exerting its effects at the level of transcriptional initiation and elongation. Here we report that Tat binds directly to the basal transcription factor TFIID. The transcriptional activity of HeLa extracts was depleted after chromatography on a Tat affinity column, which specifically retained the polymerase II-specific factor TFIID. Direct interaction of Tat with holo-TFIID, composed of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and associated factors (TAFs), was observed. Tat binds, through amino acids 36-50, directly to the TBP subunit of TFIID. Our results suggest that Tat may transduce upstream or downstream regulatory signals by direct interaction with the basal transcription factor TFIID.
Religious Resources for Business Ethics: A Jewish Perspective

(2003). Religious Resources for Business Ethics: A Jewish Perspective. Latin American Business Review: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 111-117.
Extraction of Overt Verbal Response from the Acoustic Noise in a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan by Use of Segmented Active Noise Cancellation

A method to extract the subject's overt verbal response from the obscuring acoustic noise in an fMRI scan is developed by applying active noise cancellation with a conventional MRI microphone. Since the EPI scanning and its accompanying acoustic noise in fMRI are repetitive, the acoustic noise in one time segment was used as a reference noise in suppressing the acoustic noise in subsequent segments. However, the acoustic noise from the scanner was affected by the subject's movements, so the reference noise was adaptively adjusted as the scanner's acoustic properties varied in time. This method was successfully applied to a cognitive fMRI experiment with overt verbal responses.
Geometrical features of the protein folding mechanism are a robust property of the energy landscape: a detailed investigation of several reduced models.

The concept of a funneled energy landscape and the principle of minimal frustration are the theoretical foundation justifying the applicability of structure-based models. In simulations, a protein is commonly reduced to a Cα-bead representation. These simulations are sufficient to predict the geometrical features of the folding mechanism observed experimentally utilizing a concise formulation of the Hamiltonian with low computational costs. Toward a better understanding of the interplay between energetic and geometrical features in folding, the side chain is now explicitly included in the simulations. The simplest choice is the addition of Cβ-beads at the center-of-mass position of the side chains. While one varies the energetic parameters of the model, the geometric aspects of the folding mechanism remain robust for a broad range of parameters. Energetic properties like folding barriers and protein stability are sensitive to the details of simulations. This robustness to geometry and sensitivity to energ...
An object‐oriented framework for the implementation of adjoint techniques in the design and control of complex continuum systems

Speci c object-oriented software design concepts are elaborated for a novel implementation of a class of adjoint optimization problems typical of the in nite-dimensional design and control of continuum systems. For clarity, the design steps and ideas are elucidated using an inverse natural convection design problem. E ective application of software design concepts such as inheritance, data encapsulation, information hiding, etc., is demonstrated through instances from the example considered. Two test numerical examples are considered and the CPU statistics for one of these problems are compared with those corresponding to a procedural implementation of the same problem. The numerical examples include a three-dimensional inverse design problem that demonstrates the e ectiveness of the present object-oriented approach in developing dimensionindependent robust design codes. Copyright ? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of a case of obsessional disorder: Family systems and object relations approaches

Abstract This article describes treatment of a case of obsessive/compulsive functioning. A family therapy-informed approach was used to treat the client. The nature and rationale of the clinical treatment is discussed. Several key points of the same case are then explored from the perspective of object relations thinking. The authors discuss their clinical thinking and the theories that inform it with the goal of delineating points of commonality and difference in clinical assessment and approach.
Ecological, Economic, and Organizational Dimensions of Organic Farming in Miami-Dade County

The purpose of this research was to determine what challenges small-scale organic farmers face in choosing their particular production, marketing, and organizational strategies in Miami-Dade County. Rapid soil assessments were used on six organic farms to determine the effects of soil nutrient management in terms of pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and phosphorus (P). Potential costs of inputs were documented for each farm to determine the largest challenges facing the profitability of organic farms. A production, marketing, and organizational analysis determined how farmers shape their inter-farm competitive and cooperative relations. Preliminary findings from soil, input, labor, marketing, and organizational factors indicate that soil health varies dramatically from farm to farm, inputs and labor constitute significant costs, and marketing, production, and organizational strategies show no signs of immediate growth.
Interplay between Kinase Domain Autophosphorylation and F-Actin Binding Domain in Regulating Imatinib Sensitivity and Nuclear Import of BCR-ABL

Author(s): Preyer, Martin; Vigneri, Paolo; Wang, Jean YJ | Abstract: BackgroundThe constitutively activated BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is localized exclusively to the cytoplasm despite the three nuclear localization signals (NLS) in the ABL portion of this fusion protein. The NLS function of BCR-ABL is re-activated by a kinase inhibitor, imatinib, and in a kinase-defective BCR-ABL mutant. The mechanism of this kinase-dependent inhibition of the NLS function is not understood.Methodology/principal findingsBy examining the subcellular localization of mutant BCR-ABL proteins under conditions of imatinib and/or leptomycin B treatment to inhibit nuclear export, we have found that mutations of three specific tyrosines (Y232, Y253, Y257, according to ABL-1a numbering) in the kinase domain can inhibit the NLS function of kinase-proficient and kinase-defective BCR-ABL. Interestingly, binding of imatinib to the kinase-defective tyrosine-mutant restored the NLS function, suggesting that the kinase domain conformation induced by imatinib-binding is critical to the re-activation of the NLS function. The C-terminal region of ABL contains an F-actin binding domain (FABD). We examined the subcellular localization of several FABD-mutants and found that this domain is also required for the activated kinase to inhibit the NLS function; however, the binding to F-actin per se is not important. Furthermore, we found that some of the C-terminal deletions reduced the kinase sensitivity to imatinib.Conclusions/significanceResults from this study suggest that an autophosphorylation-dependent kinase conformation together with the C-terminal region including the FABD imposes a blockade of the BCR-ABL NLS function. Conversely, conformation of the C-terminal region including the FABD can influence the binding affinity of imatinib for the kinase domain. Elucidating the structural interactions among the kinase domain, the NLS region and the FABD may therefore provide insights on the design of next generation BCR-ABL inhibitors for the treatment of CML.
Models of soft gamma-ray repeater emissions

We review emission models of soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) within the context of magnetized neutron star origins. Motivations for moderate field (≤1010–12G) versus ultrastrong field (≥ 5 × 1014G) neutron stars are considered. Implications for the astrophyiscal models are discussed.
A new species of Drymonia (Gesneriaceae) from the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes

A new species, Drymonia ignea (Gesneriaceae, tribe Episcieae), is described from the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes from the provinces of Tungurahua, Napo, and Morona-Santiago. It differs from other species of Drymonia by the presence of an urceolate corolla, quadrangular stem, and cucullate calyx lobes.
Strategic Rollups: Overhauling the Multimerger Machine

Rollups, the aggregation of dozens or even hundreds of owner-operated businesses in a given fragmented industry, differ from conventional merger-and-acquisition activity in several ways. For a time, they were among the darlings of Wall Street and were rewarded with extravagant valuations. But in the last two to three years, rollups’ good fortunes have unraveled. Authors Kocourek, Chung, and McKenna offer an insightful interpretation of what has gone wrong and how strategic rollups can regain their footing on a more prosperous path.
Dimensions of biological terrorism: to what must we mitigate and respond?

The emergence of biological weapons of mass destruction as likely terrorist means of reigning terror on domestic urban populations is outlined. The dimensions of such a possible future catastrophe are described. The lack of preparedness to mitigate and respond to such an event is noted and it is argued that the disaster research literature should be consulted as a guide to help develop effective mitigation and response plans.
Nanoplasmonic Quantitative Detection of Intact Viruses from Unprocessed Whole Blood

Infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis B pose an omnipresent threat to global health. Reliable, fast, accurate, and sensitive platforms that can be deployed at the point-of-care (POC) in multiple settings, such as airports and offices, for detection of infectious pathogens are essential for the management of epidemics and possible biological attacks. To the best of our knowledge, no viral load technology adaptable to the POC settings exists today due to critical technical and biological challenges. Here, we present for the first time a broadly applicable technology for quantitative, nanoplasmonic-based intact virus detection at clinically relevant concentrations. The sensing platform is based on unique nanoplasmonic properties of nanoparticles utilizing immobilized antibodies to selectively capture rapidly evolving viral subtypes. We demonstrate the capture, detection, and quantification of multiple HIV subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, G, and subtype panel) with high repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity down to 98 ± 39 copies/mL (i.e., HIV subtype D) using spiked whole blood samples and clinical discarded HIV-infected patient whole blood samples validated by the gold standard, i.e., RT-qPCR. This platform technology offers an assay time of 1 h and 10 min (1 h for capture, 10 min for detection and data analysis). The presented platform is also able to capture intact viruses at high efficiency using immuno-surface chemistry approaches directly from whole blood samples without any sample preprocessing steps such as spin-down or sorting. Evidence is presented showing the system to be accurate, repeatable, and reliable. Additionally, the presented platform technology can be broadly adapted to detect other pathogens having reasonably well-described biomarkers by adapting the surface chemistry. Thus, this broadly applicable detection platform holds great promise to be implemented at POC settings, hospitals, and primary care settings.
Size-Related Mortality of Tournament-Caught Largemouth Bass

Abstract Prerelease mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides was recorded at major fishing tournaments on Sardis Reservoir, Mississippi, during 1989–1991. Mortality of large fish (total length > 18 in) averaged 29% and was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the 9% average mortality suffered by small (12–14-in) fish. Mortality increased with water temperature and mean number of fish per boat. The significantly higher mortality of large fish should be considered in efforts to enhance the survival of fish released after tournaments. In waters where tournament fishing effort and catch are high, size-related mortality could alter the population's size structure, reduce the potential for trophy fish, or create public relations problems for tournaments because of their perceived effect on fishery resources.
Finding a (pine) needle in a haystack: chloroplast genome sequence divergence in rare and widespread pines

Critical to conservation efforts and other investigations at low taxonomic levels, DNA sequence data offer important insights into the distinctiveness, biogeographic partitioning and evolutionary histories of species. The resolving power of DNA sequences is often limited by insufficient variability at the intraspecific level. This is particularly true of studies involving plant organelles, as the conservative mutation rate of chloroplasts and mitochondria makes it difficult to detect polymorphisms necessary to track genealogical relationships among individuals, populations and closely related taxa, through space and time. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) makes it possible to acquire entire organelle genome sequences to identify cryptic variation that would be difficult to detect otherwise. We are using MPS to evaluate intraspecific chloroplast-level divergence across biogeographic boundaries in narrowly endemic and widespread species of Pinus. We focus on one of the world’s rarest pines – Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) – due to its conservation interest and because it provides a marked contrast to more widespread pine species. Detailed analysis of nearly 90% (∼105 000 bp each) of these chloroplast genomes shows that mainland and island populations of Torrey pine differ at five sites in their plastome, with the differences fixed between populations. This is an exceptionally low level of divergence (1 polymorphism/∼21 kb), yet it is comparable to intraspecific divergence present in widespread pine species and species complexes. Population-level organelle genome sequencing offers new vistas into the timing and magnitude of divergence within species, and is certain to provide greater insight into pollen dispersal, migration patterns and evolutionary dynamics in plants.