cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Prognostic Factors for Recovery

Background: Common peroneal nerve palsy, although rare, is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty. Although several publications have dealt with the risk factors for peroneal nerve palsy, there is little literature regarding the time it takes for the nerve to recover and the factors that influence its recovery. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical course of this injury and identify prognostic factors for recovery. Methods: From January 2000 to December 2007, 7969 primary and 1601 revision total hip arthroplasties were performed at our institution. Common peroneal nerve palsy developed following thirty-one (0.32%) of these procedures. Thirty of these patients were evaluated by a neurologist at the time of diagnosis and at regular intervals thereafter. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors and prognostic factors for recovery. Results: On average, patients who developed common peroneal nerve palsy were significantly younger (fifty-six years) than those who did not develop palsy (sixty-three years, p < 0.05). Higher body mass index (BMI) was a negative prognostic factor for recovery from palsy (p < 0.05). The palsy was incomplete in twenty-five of the thirty patients, and fourteen of these recovered fully at a mean of 10.3 months (range, 1.0 to 50.0 months). Three of the five patients with complete nerve palsy recovered fully at a mean of 14.5 months (range, 8.0 to 21.0 months). Conclusions: Only one-half of the patients in the study who developed common peroneal nerve palsy following total hip arthroplasty recovered fully. The mean time to recovery was approximately one year for partial peroneal palsy and one and one-half years for complete palsy. Obesity adversely influenced the nerve recovery. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Sexuality of the Elderly During the Middle Ages

Major historical themes from the European Middle Ages regarding the sexuality of the elderly were identified in literature, art, and historical works. It is proposed that thoughts on the ages of life excluded the elderly from having normal sex lives. Also proposed is that the church of the Middle Ages defined sexual behavior by the elderly as immoral.
The combination of intravenous bevacizumab and metronomic oral cyclophosphamide is an effective regimen for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Objective To determine the efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the combination of intravenous bevacizumab and oral cyclophosphamide in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma.
Selection of the surface impedance boundary conditions for a given problem

It is well-known that the surface impedance boundary conditions (SDBCs) are classified by their order of approximation. In the present paper, universal relationships between characteristic values of the problem are proposed considering the order of approximation so that the SIBCs, best suited to a given problem, can be easily selected. The methodology is applicable to the time-frequency domain linear and nonlinear SIBCs. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the methodology.
The impact of wiring constraints on hierarchical network performance

A unified approach, incorporating architectural and packaging issues, is necessary in the design of high performance computer networks. Clustering enables the authors to exploit the physical hierarchy imposed by packaging. Previously the authors examined the clustering of hypercube networks within the context of wiring constraints (see 1991 Int. Conf. on Parallel Processing, Aug. 1991). The authors extend their earlier work to compare the performance of hypercubes and meshes. They consider two cost constraints, bisection width and package pinout, and examine flat and clustered meshes and hypercubes. They find that the relative performance of networks depends on the chosen wiring constraint, as well as system configuration and message granularity. >
Astrocytic complexity distinguishes the human brain.

One of the most distinguishing features of the adult human brain is the complexity and diversity of its cortical astrocytes. Human protoplasmic astrocytes manifest a threefold larger diameter and have tenfold more primary processes than those of rodents. In all mammals, protoplasmic astrocytes are organized into spatially non-overlapping domains that encompass both neurons and vasculature. Yet unique to humans and primates are additional populations of layer 1 interlaminar astrocytes that extend long (millimeter) fibers, and layer 5–6 polarized astrocytes that also project distinctive long processes. We propose that human cortical evolution has been accompanied by increasing complexity in the form and function of astrocytes, which reflects an expansion of their functional roles in synaptic modulation and cortical circuitry.
Professing Performance: Disciplinary Genealogies

A century ago there were no university “theatre departments.” Jack-son digs into the archives to recount the story of how some “white academic American men” figured prominently in the academic insti-tutionalization of “performance.”
Laryngeal Actinomycosis in an Immunocompromised Patient

Actinomycosis of the larynx represents an unusual presentation for a common bacterium comprising the oral and oropharyngeal florae. There are few cases reported in the literature of laryngeal actinomycosis occurring primarily in the immunocompromised population. Here, we present a case in a 74-year-old man that occurred in the setting of neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy. Once the diagnosis was made with biopsy of the larynx, the infection was resolved after a prolonged course of penicillin-based therapy.
Personality and Personality Development

In this article, the nature of personality is reviewed, as is its development, and relation to health and well-being. Personality is comprised of behavioral dispositions (e.g., conscientiousness and extraversion), motivations (e.g., power motive and intimacy motive), and an integrative self-narrative (i.e., a life story). These features, in turn, (1) exhibit a significant degree of stability as well as development throughout the life span and (2) carry implications for health, health behavior, and well-being. Far from merely descriptive, personality lies at the very heart of development and represents an important determinant of psychological and physical functioning.
Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Taxonomy

The Order Solilugae is placed within the subphylum Chelicerata, class Arachnida (Phylum Arthropoda). The subphylum Chelicerata is typically divided into two classes: the Merostomata (aquatic forms, i.e. horseshoe crabs) and Arachnida (mostly terrestrial forms with the exception of a few species secondarily adapted to water). Chelicerates possess a pair of preoral appendages developed as 2-, 3-, or 4-jointed chelicerae or pincers (jaws), followed by a pair of appendages (pedipalps) that may be ambulatory in function or modified as accessory sensory structures or masticatory organs. The chelicerate body is divided into an anterior prosoma or cephalothorax (precheliceral metameres and segments I – IV), and a posterior opisthosoma (abdomen) (10 – 13 segments). Ancestrally, the chelicerates possess six pairs of prosomatic appendages (chelicerae, pedipalpi, and legs I – IV) and up to seven pairs of homologues of opisthosomatic appendages.
Network analysis of functional brain connectivity in borderline personality disorder using resting-state fMRI.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with symptoms such as affect dysregulation, impaired sense of self, and self-harm behaviors. Neuroimaging research on BPD has revealed structural and functional abnormalities in specific brain regions and connections. However, little is known about the topological organizations of brain networks in BPD. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 20 patients with BPD and 10 healthy controls, and constructed frequency-specific functional brain networks by correlating wavelet-filtered fMRI signals from 82 cortical and subcortical regions. We employed graph-theory based complex network analysis to investigate the topological properties of the brain networks, and employed network-based statistic to identify functional dysconnections in patients. In the 0.03–0.06 Hz frequency band, compared to controls, patients with BPD showed significantly larger measures of global network topology, including the size of largest connected graph component, clustering coefficient, small-worldness, and local efficiency, indicating increased local cliquishness of the functional brain network. Compared to controls, patients showed lower nodal centrality at several hub nodes but greater centrality at several non-hub nodes in the network. Furthermore, an interconnected subnetwork in 0.03–0.06 Hz frequency band was identified that showed significantly lower connectivity in patients. The links in the subnetwork were mainly long-distance connections between regions located at different lobes; and the mean connectivity of this subnetwork was negatively correlated with the increased global topology measures. Lastly, the key network measures showed high correlations with several clinical symptom scores, and classified BPD patients against healthy controls with high accuracy based on linear discriminant analysis. The abnormal topological properties and connectivity found in this study may add new knowledge to the current understanding of functional brain networks in BPD. However, due to limitation of small sample sizes, the results of the current study should be viewed as exploratory and need to be validated on large samples in future works.
Biophysical controls on interannual variability in ecosystem-scale CO2 and CH4 exchange in a California rice paddy

We present 6.5 years of eddy covariance measurements of fluxes of methane (FCH4) and carbon dioxide (FCO2) from a flooded rice paddy in Northern California, USA. A pronounced warming trend throughout the study associated with drought and record high temperatures strongly influenced carbon (C) budgets and provided insights into biophysical controls of FCO2 and FCH4. Wavelet analysis indicated that photosynthesis (gross ecosystem production, GEP) induced the diel pattern in FCH4, but soil temperature (Ts) modulated its amplitude. Forward stepwise linear models and neural networking modeling were used to assess the variables regulating seasonal FCH4. As expected due to their competence in modeling nonlinear relationships, neural network models explained considerably more of the variance in daily average FCH4 than linear models. During the growing season, GEP and water levels typically explained most of the variance in daily average FCH4. However, Ts explained much of the interannual variability in annual and growing season CH4 sums. Higher Ts also increased the annual and growing season ratio of FCH4 to GEP. The observation that the FCH4 to GEP ratio scales predictably with Ts may help improve global estimates of FCH4 from rice agriculture. Additionally, Ts strongly influenced ecosystem respiration, resulting in large interannual variability in the net C budget at the paddy, emphasizing the need for long-term measurements particularly under changing climatic conditions.
Cereal Leaf Beetle : Interaction with and Ovipositional Adaptation to a Resistant Wheat

The oviposition behavior of cereal leaf beetles, Oulema melanopus (L.), confined with a resistant wheat (C.I. 8519) was altered by confining beetles in cages with different textures. Beetles in screen cages preferred to oviposit on the cage rather than the pubescent wheat; similar beetles confined in velvet-lined cages oviposited significantly more eggs on the resistant wheat. The duration of oviposition was also longer for beetles in the velvet cages. In both types of cages, ca. 5–7% of the female beetles oviposited longer than 26 days on C.I. 8519. Since some beetles are apparently adapted to ovipositing on pubescent wheat, the species may have coevolved with pubescent grasses. When the survival of a hypothetical generation of beetles on susceptible and resistant cultivars was compared, there was a 4.5- fold increase and a 78–94% decrease in numbers of adults, respectively.
Virus Inactivation on Hard Surfaces or in Suspension by Chemical Disinfectants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Norovirus Surrogates

Norovirus (NoV) infections are the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Effective disinfection is important for controlling outbreaks caused by this highly infectious virus but ...
Resistance to Persuasion: Inoculation Theory in a Marketing Context

Inoculation techniques from social psychological theory were applied to a controversial issue in a marketing context. Experimental factors were type of defense, time interval between defense and at...
The effect of temperature and bulk composition on the solution mechanism of phosphorus in peraluminous haplogranitic magma

Solution mechanisms of P in peraluminous glasses and melts in the system CaO-Na 2O-K2O-Al2O3SiO2-P2O5 have been examined with in-situ microRaman spectroscopy from ambient temperature to near 1200 °C. The principal aim was to examine the relative stabilities of phosphate complexes as functions of P content, peraluminosity, and temperature. Increasing peraluminosity was accomplished by increasing the proportions of Al 3+ and Ca 2+ of constant SiO2 content. The molar ratio Al 2O3/ (CaO+Na2O+K2O) (A/CNK) ranged from ~1 to ~1.3. In all compositions, P 5+ is bonded to Al 3+ to form AlPO4 complexes. In addition, there is evidence for pyrophosphate complexing (P2O7). In melts with the highest (Ca+Na+K)/P, there is probably also a small fraction of orthophosphate complexes present. The relative importance of AlPO 4-like complexes is correlated positively with peraluminosity (A/CNK), P 2O5 content, and increasing temperature at temperatures above that of the glass transition. These structural relationships among phosphate complexes are coupled with decreasing polymerization of the aluminosilicate melts.
The Incomplete Revolution: Women Journalists — 50 Years after Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, We've Come a Long Way Baby, But are We There Yet?

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 explicitly prohibits sex-based employment discrimination, yet more than fifty years later women are still battling inequity in the workplace and especially in the media industry. Women are paid lower wages than men for equal work, are hired for lower paying positions, and are faced with the perpetual glass ceiling. According to the 2014 US Media study, if there is gender equality in the media, we can expect a social change towards gender equality in all other private and government sectors. Change takes time, but fifty years is a long time to wait. Women journalist should renew the organized fight for equality in the workplace. Given the strong male cultural influence and the fact that newsrooms are still male dominated, women journalist also should seek or at least encourage buy-in from the males in management positions and their male co-workers. This is critical to the successful adoption and implementation of gender-equality policies in the workplace because even the best researched and well-intended gender-equality policies may not work unless there is a cultural shift in the workplace that causes men to accept women as equals and gender equality as a woman’s inalienable right.
Determination of Trace F~- and SO_4~(2-)in Salt by Ion Chromatography

[Objective]To explore the suitable condition for removing of disturbance of high concentration Cl-by Ag+ exchanged resin and determination of trace F-and SO_42-in salt by ion chromatography. [Methods]Ag+ exchanged resin was prepared by silver nitrate solution and cationic resin.Salt solution was mixed with Ag+ exchanged resin,filtered after stirring for 10 minutes,the concentration of trace F-and SO_42-in the solution was determined by ion chromatography. [Results]The correlation coefficient(r) of standard curve of F-and SO_42-were both more than 0.999 0.The minimum detectable concentration of F-and SO_42-in salt was 0.66 mg/kg and 3.3 mg/kg respectively(sampling amount was 5.0 g),and both of relative standard deviation were less than 1.0%.The recovery of standard addition of practical samples ranged from 90.8% to 102.1%. [Conclusion]The method has high sensitivity,precision and recovery rate,which can be used for the determination of trace F-and SO_42-in salt.
DIFFERENTIATION OF LYMPHOCYTES AND RECOGNITION OF SELF

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the differentiation of lymphocytes and recognition of autoimmunization. The failure of the normal individual to form humoral antibody or to develop the cellular type of hypersensitivity against widely disseminated body constituents is generally attributed to the presence of specific immunological tolerance for these constituents. The occurrence of autoimmunization, therefore, requires bypassing of the tolerance mechanism for one or more antigenic determinants normally present in the individual and for one or more types of immune response. A major facet of the problem of tolerance and self-recognition concerns the role of phagocytosis. Clear evidence exists that immunization requires processing of antigen by phagocytic cells and the mediation of a specialized type of RNA. Thus, foreign or autogenous antigens, in early development, induce tolerance readily by direct reaction with lymphocytes in the thymus or peripherally and have little opportunity to initiate any immune response. In older individuals, to induce tolerance frequently requires the use of special measures. Among the agents that interfere with processing and RNA synthesis within phagocytic cells, blockade, X-irradiation, or the use of antimetabolites permit the induction of tolerance.
Aesthetic Horizons: A Phenomenologically Motivated Critique of Zuidervaart

AbstractOne of the more ambitious and yet fruitful attempts in recent years to untangle general questions about the nature of aesthetic phenomena and their socially constituted nature rests in Lambert Zuidervaart’s critical hermeneutical theory of artistic truth. In this paper, I explore one part of Zuidervaart’s project, namely his conception of “aesthetic validity as a horizon of imaginative cogency.” I seek to develop Zuidervaart’s conception by bringing his thesis into dialogue with phenomenological analyses of “horizon” and the collective intentional approach to institutional and social objects. Zuidervaart relies primarily on Gadamer’s view of horizon, but does not offer very much by way of clarification as to exactly what a horizon is. Phenomenological analysis of horizon should serve to add content to the idea of horizon. I contend that the Husserlian notion is both more informative and has more utility for Zuidervaart’s project.
Loss of parvalbumin in the hippocampus of MAM schizophrenia model rats is attenuated by peripubertal diazepam

Background: Loss of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus is a robust finding in schizophrenia brains. Rats exposed during embryonic day 17 to methylazoxymethanol acetate exhibit characteristics consistent with an animal model of schizophrenia, including decreased parvalbumin interneurons in the ventral hippocampus. We reported previously that peripubertal administration of diazepam prevented the emergence of pathophysiology in adult methylazoxymethanol acetate rats. Methods: We used an unbiased stereological method to examine the impact of peripubertal diazepam treatment on parvalbumin interneuron number in the ventral subiculum, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala. Results: Methylazoxymethanol acetate rats with peripubertal diazepam showed significantly more parvalbumin interneurons (3355±173 in the ventral subiculum, 1211±76 in the dentate gyrus) than methylazoxymethanol acetate without diazepam (2375±109 and 824±54, respectively). No change was found in the basolateral amygdala. Conclusions: Peripubertal diazepam attenuated the decrease of parvalbumin in the ventral hippocampus of methylazoxymethanol acetate rats.
Introduction to Statistical Methods for Biosurveillance: With an Emphasis on Syndromic Surveillance

Bioterrorism is not a new threat, but in an increasingly interconnected world, the potential for catastrophic outcomes is greater today than ever. The medical and public health communities are establishing biosurveillance systems designed to proactively monitor populations for possible disease outbreaks as a first line of defense. The ideal biosurveillance system should identify trends not visible to individual physicians and clinicians in near-real time. Many of these systems use statistical algorithms to look for anomalies and to trigger epidemiologic investigation, quantification, localization and outbreak management. This book discusses the design and evaluation of statistical methods for effective biosurveillance for readers with minimal statistical training. Weaving public health and statistics together, it presents basic and more advanced methods, with a focus on empirically demonstrating added value. Although the emphasis is on epidemiologic and syndromic surveillance, the statistical methods can be applied to a broad class of public health surveillance problems.
The effectiveness and equity of NYPD stop and frisk policy, 2003–2014

NYPD stop and frisk policy, one of the more contentious policing issues of the past decade, has essentially come to a formal end. Initial data are overviewed relative to stops, frisks, and crime ou...
Ganetespib for small cell lung cancer

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are part of a complex network of chaperone proteins that are critically involved in the conformational maturation of intracellular proteins and regulate their degradation via the proteasome system Hsps (especially Hsp70 and Hsp90) are upregulated in many cancers and are potentially attractive therapeutic targets. Ganetespib is a potent non-geldanamycin analogue, and avoids the toxicities associated with older analogues due to its small molecular weight, lipophilicity and the absence of the benzoquinone moiety; strong pre-clinical data support its evaluation in lung cancer, especially small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Areas covered: The chemical structure of ganetespib, the biology of Hsp90 in cancer and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data related to ganetespib are summarized; data from preclinical studies and multiple Phase I-III clinical trials, with a focus on its evaluation in SCLC are reviewed. Expert opinion: Recent progress made in the treatment of refractory SCLC with immune checkpoint inhibitors and DLL3-directed antibody-drug conjugate have made the development of ganetespib particularly challenging in SCLC. Hsp90 remains a critical therapeutic target. Hsp90 inhibitors with a wider therapeutic index and combinations with drugs targeting iHsp90 co-chaperones such as Cdc37 or Protein Kinase 2 may need to be explored in the future.
Acute pain crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease undergoing ovarian simulation for fertility preservation prior to curative stem cell transplantation: case report and literature review

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a cure for sickle cell disease (SCD) but frequently results in permanent sterility. The complications associated with oocyte cryopreservation and risks of future pregnancy are increased in SCD patients. This case report discusses risk reduction strategies and includes a literature review of pregnancy after HSCT. A 23-year-old woman underwent ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation resulting in cancelation due to acute pain crisis. She underwent a successful oocyte retrieval after exchange transfusion to decrease her hemoglobin S to 30%. This is the second report of a pain crisis in a woman with SCD undergoing oocyte banking. Women with SCD undergoing fertility preservation may be at increased risk of complications from ovarian stimulation. Risks in pregnancy after HSCT should also be considered before proceeding with fertility preservation.
Conducting Midterm Performance Reviews: An Exercise for Teaching Performance Management:

Although the annual performance review has received much criticism from practitioners and researchers alike, organizations continue to use coaching and/or reviews to maximize employee effectiveness...
II3V2 (II: Zn, Cd; V: P, As) Semiconductors: From Bulk Solids to Colloidal Nanocrystals

II3V2 semiconductors have become increasingly popular for a variety of applications including solar light harvesting, near-IR imaging, and low energy light detection. The bulk physical and electronic structure of these materials is highlighted, followed by an in-depth survey on progress in synthesizing these semiconductors as colloidal nanocrystals. Interestingly, no universal synthetic approach has yet been developed to access all compounds within this family. A discussion on how the complex crystal structure of these materials translates to small domain sizes will highlight current challenges in the characterization of II3V2 nanocrystals. Finally, potential avenues for further research will be proposed as a way to advance this field towards greater utilization in light harvesting applications.
The opportunities and challenges to teach web programming in computer science curriculum CS2013

The ACM and IEEE Computer Society are jointly sponsoring the development of Computer Science Curriculum 2013 (CS2013). A new Knowledge Area -- Platform-Based Development is to be added to CS2013, and programming and technologies on the web platform are for the first time explicitly listed as topics for electives in the CS curriculum. As we know, web programming includes many related technologies. How to choose web technologies to design and teach web programming courses in CS curriculum is a challenging task for CS programs that have never taught these courses before. Based on our teaching experiences in the subject, we write this paper to discuss the opportunities and challenges to teach web programming in CS programs. We provide two teaching models we designed as examples for other instructors to use as references in developing and teaching similar courses in the CS curriculum.
An algorithm for ℓ ∞ regression with quadratic complexity

Using a few very basic observations, we proposed recently a direct and finite algorithm for the computation of the l∞ regression line on a discrete set {(xi, yi)} under the assumption that x1 < x2 < ... < xn. In this paper, we extend the algorithm to the case with at least one, possibly multiple y-values for each distinct xi. Our algorithm finds all the regression lines in O(n2) operations in the worst-case scenario and improves the existing best-known computational complexity result for this problem. Numerical results on random problems are included.
Stromal Cells and Tumor Milieu: PDGF et al.

Initiation of the desmoplastic reaction associated with cancer depends on PDGF (Shao et al., 2000). Similarly, PDGF is one of the most potent chemoattractants and activators of fibroblasts, stimulating their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which represent a prominent stromal cell type in carcinomas. Although a translocation resulting in a fusion product between PDGF and COL1A (which encodes type I collagen) is associated with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, no mutations in either members of the PDGF family or their receptors have been identified in carcinomas. However, aberrant PDGF signaling has been observed in carcinomas where it promotes desmoplasia and tumor progression (reviewed by Tejada et al.,2006), due to increased secretion of PDGF by tumor cells and/or higher levels of expression of PDGF receptors on stromal fibroblasts (Ebert et al., 1995). In the following chapter, we discuss the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and how stromal cells may impact tumor evolution.
The Trustee and the Trust Protector: A Question of Fiduciary Power - Should a Trust Protector Be Held to a Fiduciary Standard?

Traditionally, the individuals and entities involved in a trust are the grantor, the beneficiary, and the trustee. Under the trustee’s fiduciary umbrella there may be other advisors, including attorneys, portfolio managers, and trust administrators. In the past decade, however, another party to the trust has emerged, signifying one of the biggest recent developments in American trust law: the trust protector.Not to be confused with trust advisors, which have been around for decades, trust protectors first emerged to enable settlors of offshore trust assets to maximize their control while still sheltering the assets from domestic creditors. The role of trust protector has recently been expanded into the realm of domestic trusts. The trust protector is often thought to be a living extension of the deceased grantor: after the grantor is gone, the trust protector will represent the grantor’s interests in executing certain duties. These can include virtually anything, but most often involve the removing and appointing of trustees, adding or deleting beneficiaries, directing trust distributions, changing the governing law of the trust, or directing trust investment decisions.As with any recent development of law, there of course lie unanswered questions. One of the biggest involves liability. A trustee is held to a fiduciary standard; so what, exactly, are the duties owed by this new entity, the trust protector? Is the trust protector a fiduciary or something else?This paper first discusses the history and development of the trust protector. The paper then reviews and analyzes published scholarship, knowledgeable commentary, recent trends of the law, existing state statutes, as well as policy issues and what little case law exists, including international cases. The paper analyzes reasons why a trust protector should be held to a fiduciary standard, as well as counter arguments to that effect. The paper concludes that the trust protector does not have immunity from liability; trust protectors are in fact fiduciaries and as such owe the highest level of care to a trust.
Untangling the complexity of opioid receptor function.

Mu opioid receptor agonists are among the most powerful analgesic medications but also among the most addictive. The current opioid crisis has energized a quest to develop opioid analgesics that are devoid of untoward effects. Since their discovery in the 1970’s, there have been major advances in our understanding of the endogenous opioid systems that these drugs target. Yet many questions remain and the development of non-addictive opioid analgesics has not been achieved. However, access to new molecular, genetic and computational tools have begun to elucidate the structural dynamics of opioid receptors, the scaffolding that links them to intracellular signaling cascades, their cellular trafficking and the distinct ways that various opioid drugs modify them. This mini-review highlights some of the chemical and pharmacological findings and new perspectives that have arisen from studies using these tools. They reveal multiple layers of complexity of opioid receptor function, including a spatiotemporal specificity in opioid receptor-induced cellular signaling, ligand-directed biased signaling, allosteric modulation of ligand interactions, heterodimerization of different opioid receptors, and the existence of slice variants with different ligand specificity. By untangling these layers, basic research into the chemistry and pharmacology of opioid receptors is guiding the way towards deciphering the mysteries of tolerance and physical dependence that have plagued the field and is providing a platform for the development of more effective and safer opioids.
Adult Children's Perspectives on Their Role in Their Parent's Hearing Healthcare Processes.

BACKGROUND Communication partners play an important role in the hearing healthcare (HHC) process of the person with hearing impairment (HI). However, present research focuses mainly on the role of the spouse; the role of the adult child is often overlooked or understated. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to describe the role of the adult child in the HHC process of a parent with HI. RESEARCH DESIGN Using a qualitative study design, participants described their role in their parents' HHC process and the impact of a parent's HI on their relationship and communication in individual semi-structured interviews. STUDY SAMPLE Twelve adult children of ten parents with HI participated; two sets of siblings were included to gain different perspectives on the HHC process within the same family. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Thematic analysis, a qualitative method to explore participant's perceptions and viewpoints, was used as the method of analysis. RESULTS The superordinate theme discussed most frequently by participants, communication management, was bolstered by three ideas or pillars: facilitating HHC, communication strategies, and encouraging hearing aid use. Adult children saw themselves as advocates or supporters of their parent's HHC by taking an ongoing and active role in promoting successful communication rather than a role in directing their parent's HHC actions. Within each pillar of communication management, participants' perceptions and actions were modulated by the varying levels of effort and a desire to ask questions to better understand how to help their parent, which in turn influenced their awareness of the HI and HHC options, often resulting in the adult child putting forth new effort. CONCLUSIONS Whereas the patient journey is often presented to the patient as a linear process, the adult children instead viewed the process of communication management as an ongoing and continuous cycle. The audiologist should be encouraged to involve adult children in the HHC process, as adult children play an important role in everyday communication management.
Chapter 1 – Pretest

This chapter provides a tool for you to evaluate your knowledge before reading the book. This will allow you to compare the knowledge you gain after completion. All topics covered in this pretest have been covered throughout the book. At the end of the book, there is a posttest to be used as a comparison of the pretest results.
Synthesis of Chromenoisoxazolidines from Substituted Salicylic Nitrones via Visible-Light Photocatalysis

This effort reports the first redox-neutral visible-light photocatalytic intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition for the diastereoselective synthesis of chromenoisoxazolidines. The authors have found that alkenylphenyl nitrones with a diverse substitution pattern on the aromatic ring and the alkenyl substituent undergo visible-light-promoted cycloadditions in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ru(bpy)3Cl2 in high yields and selectivities. Evidence indicates that the proposed redox-neutral pathway is the predominant photoredox mechanism for this transformation.
Application of Rank-Weight Methods to Blockchain Cybersecurity Vulnerability Assessment Framework

Cybersecurity vulnerability assessment tools, frameworks, and methodologies are used to understand the cybersecurity maturity of a system or a facility. However, these tools are strictly developed based on standards defined by organizations such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the U.S. Department of Energy; the majority of these tools and frameworks do not provide a platform to prioritize the requirements to reach a desired cybersecurity maturity. To address that challenge, we have been developing a framework and software application called cybersecurity vulnerability mitigation framework through empirical paradigm (CyFEr). CyFEr treats the problem at hand as a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) problem, which requires that various criteria be weighed relatively. Defining those weights is non-trivial and often leads to subjective decisions leading to undesired complications. To facilitate such a weighting system in CyFEr, we evaluated the application of various rank-weight methods (such as rank sum, reciprocal rank, rank exponent, and rank order centroid). The efficacy of those rank-weight methods was evaluated by applying them and testing against the blockchain cybersecurity framework (BC2F). BC2F was developed using the NIST cybersecurity framework to evaluate the cybersecurity posture of the blockchain nodes and networks in a given blockchain application or use-case. This paper provides 1) technical insights on the application of rank-weight methods to cybersecurity vulnerability assessments, 2) an overview of BC2F, 3) the application of rank-weight methods to BC2F, and 4) a depiction of the integration of the discussed rank-weight methods in CyFEr.
Does Kidney Transplantation Affect Sleep and Fatigue in Patients With Kidney Disease

Background.Sleep disorders and fatigue are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients but there is limited evidence on the effect of kidney transplant (KTx) on these.Methods.In a prospective cohort study of patients with advanced CKD (estimated glom
Understanding CS Undergraduate Students' Professional Identity through the lens of their Professional Development

Academic institutions play a crucial role in the development of students' professional identities. However, we have limited knowledge of how computing professional identity develops. This paper aims to understand how CS undergraduate students develop their professional identity through analyzing students' reflection on their career goals, experiences in CS degree programs, and engagement in professional development. We present findings from qualitative analysis of 14 semi-structured interviews with CS undergraduate students in the United States. We found that CS undergraduates form their computing professional identity typically between Years 2-3 of their degree programs. We identified several reasons students are committed to a computing profession: intrinsic factors (e.g., interest and perception of ability), and discipline-specific factors (e.g. utility and growth). We also found several factors that shape their professional identity: coursework, informal activities like hackathons, and professional development activities including internships and conferences. These findings suggest that the development of computing professional identity is not limited to students' involvement in the academic degree programs but the engagement they have with the broader computing community.
Enhancing Connectedness and Intrinsic Motivation to Learn for Online Learners: Introducing the S3 Model

The purpose of the current research was to discern the most effective strategies to implement into a student-centered online course. Related and implemented components that coincide within this framework were student connection and student motivation. The research was conducted using a mixed methods study that specifically studied the symbiotic relationship of both quantitative and qualitative exploration when seeking to improve the online environment. Researchers also utilized their originally developed model, “The S 3 Cycle: The Three Strategies to Increase Student-centered Learning” to differentiate the most effective methods when designing and applying a meaningful and valuable student-centered learning environment for online students. A greater sense of connectedness and intrinsic motivation to learn are felt by students after they have participated in a student-centered online course which was designed and developed with specific student-centered learning strategies and technology tools.
Protecting Youth Against the Adverse Effects of Peer Victimization: Why Do Parents Matter?

Exposure to peer victimization is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes but there is individual variability in its effects, suggesting the need to identify why some youth are resilient in the face of victimization. This research examined whether (a) high-quality parent-child relationships protect youth against the effects of peer victimization on psychopathology (antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms); and (b) mitigation of social risks (deviant peer group affiliation and social helplessness) accounts for the protective effects of high-quality parent-child relationships. Youths (N = 636; 338 girls, 298 boys; Mage in 5th grade = 10.94; SD = 0.36) and their teachers completed survey measures at three annual waves across the transition to middle school (5th - 7th grade). Path analyses indicated that high-quality parent-child relationships attenuated the effects of pre-transition victimization on post-transition antisocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and social risks, with some effects differing by gender. As predicted, results suggested that the protective effect against antisocial behavior may operate through mitigated deviant peer group affiliation. This research identifies one key protective factor that contributes to resilience among victimized youth and suggests the importance of incorporating parental support into prevention programs for victimized youth.
Central Pain Mimicking Trigeminal Neuralgia as a Result of Lateral Medullary Ischemic Stroke.

Background. Central pain mimicking trigeminal neuralgia (TN) as a result of lateral medullary infarction or Wallenberg syndrome has been rarely reported. Case Report. We discuss a patient who presented with a lateral medullary infarct and shortly after developed facial pain mimicking TN. We also elaborate on the anatomical pathway of the trigeminal nerve explaining facial pain as a result of a lateral medullary lesion. Discussion. Clinicians should be aware of this typical complication of lateral medullary infarct in order to attain proper management and work-up.
Mathematics Teacher and Curriculum Quality, 2005 and 2016:

Efforts to improve teachers’ knowledge and to change the nature of curriculum materials have dominated mathematics reforms since the late 1990s. In this article, we compared middle school teachers’...
Dynamic control and quantification of bacterial population dynamics in droplets.

Culturing and measuring bacterial population dynamics are critical to develop insights into gene regulation or bacterial physiology. Traditional methods, based on bulk culture to obtain such quantification, have the limitations of higher cost/volume of reagents, non-amendable to small size of population and more laborious manipulation. To this end, droplet-based microfluidics represents a promising alternative that is cost-effective and high-throughput. However, difficulties in manipulating the droplet environment and monitoring encapsulated bacterial population for long-term experiments limit its utilization. To overcome these limitations, we used an electrode-free injection technology to modulate the chemical environment in droplets. This ability is critical for precise control of bacterial dynamics in droplets. Moreover, we developed a trapping device for long-term monitoring of population dynamics in individual droplets for at least 240 h. We demonstrated the utility of this new microfluidic system by quantifying population dynamics of natural and engineered bacteria. Our approach can further improve the analysis for systems and synthetic biology in terms of manipulability and high temporal resolution.
PENGEMBANGAN SSP TEMATIK INTEGRATIF BERBASIS LVEP UNTUK PENGUATAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME PESERTA DIDIK SD

Abstract This study aims to (1) produce an Integrative Thematic SSP based on the Living Values Education Program (LVEP) for Strengthening the Nationalism Character of Elementary Students and (2) determine the effectiveness of the LVEP-based Thematic Integrative SSP to improve understanding of the nationalism character of elementary school students. This type of research is Research & Development (R&D) with a development model from Borg & Gall. This model consists of 10 stages. Data collection techniques used are guidelines for product assessment, observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Data collection instruments used were product assessment guidelines, observation guidelines, questionnaires, and interview guidelines. The results showed the Integrative Thematic SSP based on the Living Values Education Program (LVEP) for the Strengthening of Nationalism Characteristics of Elementary School Students at the initial coaba test stage was known to P 0,000 <0.05 meaning there was a difference between the average observations of the nationalism character values before and after the study, in the test try the field known P 0,000 <0.05 means that there is a difference between the average results of observations of the value of nationalism character before and after research, and in the field test it is known that P 0,000 <0.05 means there is a difference between the average results of observing the value of nationalism characters before and after research. Furthermore, the student assessment sheet on the practicality of the SSP that was developed was categorized as "very good" in terms of the atmosphere of learning, the use of student worksheets, and the activeness of students with a score of 48.07 in the Very Good category. Keyword : SSP, thematic integrative, nationalism, LVEP
Ensuring Certified Healthcare Ethics Consultants Are Competent to Practice

The current HEC-C certification process may adequately assess minimal knowledge competency, and is an important, even laudable, step in the process of standardization and professionalization. Howev...
Empowering Marginalized Communities

Pratt et al. (2020) rightly argue that, if community engagement aimed to develop solidarity between health researchers and the marginalized communities they work in, it can improve cooperation and ...
Survey of iodine nutrition status among employees of Taishan nuclear power station in Taishan, Guangdong

Objective To understand the situation of iodine of Taishan nuclear power station employees, and assess the relationships between iodine nutrition and thyroid nodule of Taishan nuclear power station in Taishan, Guangdong. Methods Totally 300 people were selected from of Taishan nuclear power station through stratified-random sampling method, random urine samples were collected and urinary iodine level was tested in 2014. According to 20 to 29 years old, 30 to 39 years old, 40 to 59 years old, 3 age groups were sampled, and each age group was 100 people. Drinking water and edible salt samples of the of nuclear power station were collected and iodine level was tested. Daily dietary intake of the staff was investigated, and daily iodine intake was calculated. Result of thyroid B ultrasonic of the employees (1 091) were studied, and detection rate of thyroid nodule was calculated. Results Totally 308 urine samples were tested, and the median urinary iodine was 193 μg/L. The difference of urinary iodine between 20-year-old group (201 μg/L) and 30-year-old group (165 μg/L) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 9 iodized salt samples were collected, with an average iodine value of (24.4 ± 0.5) mg/kg. A total of 9 water samples were collected, the median of water iodine was 20.5 μg/L in 3 centralized water supply samples. The daily iodine intake per capita of the staff was 274.0 μg/d, the highest contribution among all the varieties of food was iodized salt, the second was seafood, which were 45.26 percent and 41.86 percent, respectively. A total of 99 thyroid nodules and suspicious nodules were detected in 1 091, and the prevalence was 9.07 percent (99/1 091). The prevalence of people aged 40-59 [15.6% (22/141)] was significantly higher than those of people aged 20 to 29 [8.1% (51/633)] and aged 30 to 39 [8.2% (26/317)], and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The iodine nutrition of Taishan nuclear power station employees is appropriate as a whole. The detection rate of thyroid nodules is higher in people aged 40 to 59. Key words: Iodine; Thyroid; B ultrasonic; Thyroid nodule