cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of a Marlex vascular prosthesis.

SummaryA vascular prosthesis of Marlex was implanted as a long aortic bypass graft in dogs and left in place up to 12 months. After 3 months of implantation, the inner surface of the prosthesis had a smooth lining and was firmly attached through the interstices to the periprosthetic tissue. None of the implanted prostheses exhibited stenosis, aneurysm or plaque formation. The inner and outer surfaces of the fabric were covered by a band of hyalinizing fibrous connective tissue. Plaques of osteoid were numerous on the intimal surface. Although the Marlex prosthesis functions adequately as a vascular substitute, unsatisfactory physical properties of this material limit its clinical use.
First passage calculation of the conductivity of particle aggregate-laden suspensions and composites

Abstract There is considerable interest in transport via conduction through particle laden suspensions (e.g. nanofluids) and composite materials. Frequently, such multiphase systems display enhanced conductivities beyond what is expected from the effective medium approximation. While the origin of this enhancement is often a source of controversy, the most common explanation for anomalous conductivity enhancements is the aggregation of particles. In this work, we employ a first passage simulation technique to investigate the influence of particle aggregation on the resulting conductivity of particle-laden suspensions and composites. Aggregates are modeled as quasifractal objects, and a sequential algorithm is used to computationally generate aggregates of prescribed fractal dimension, pre-exponential factor, number of primary particles, and degree of overlap (coalescence) between primary particles. Four model types of aggregates (highly linear structures with little coalescence, highly linear structures with substantial coalescence, dense structures with little coalescence, and dense structures with substantial coalescence) are examined via the first passage technique, enabling determination of the conductivity of a suspension/composite containing aggregates at a known volume fraction. It is found that for a given type of aggregate, the number of primary particles per aggregate has little-to-no influence on suspension/composite conductivity under any circumstances. For low conductivity particles (particle conductivity/host material conductivity = 10), aggregate formation and aggregate morphology have little influence on suspension/composite conductivity, except at particle volume fractions > 0.10 where slight enhancements beyond the effective medium approximation are observable. However, for high conductivity aggregates (particle conductivity/host matrix conductivity = 100), the influence of aggregation is substantial, and all morphological descriptors of the aggregate influence suspension/composite conductivity. In this instance, the resulting enhancement in conductivity can be equivalent to the enhancement expected if well dispersed spherical particles were incorporated into the suspension/composite at a volume fraction 3–5 times higher than the actual aggregate volume fraction.
A framework for key management in mobile ad hoc networks

Recently proposed key management systems (KMSs) provide limited functionality in highly partitioned mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper we present a framework for key management that provides redundancy and robustness for security association (SA) establishment between pairs of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks. Our KMS uses a modified hierarchical trust public key infrastructure (PKI) model in which nodes can dynamically assume management roles. The system ensures high service availability for the network members through a number of schemes. A novel behavior grading mechanism provides security criteria for the network nodes and aids the management functions of the KMS to revoke or reissue certificates for nodes. This mechanism is based on the notion of trust, and more specifically on SAs among nodes in the entire network. In this paper we give an overview of the framework of the system and present a performance analysis of the system based on certificate issuance and acquisition. Finally, we compare our KMS with threshold cryptography schemes.
3-D Integrated Inductors and Transformers on Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate

We have designed, fabricated, and tested inductors and transformers on LCP substrate which exhibit high Q and high self-resonant frequency using a 3-D fabrication technology. A 1.1nH inductor in this work achieves a quality factor Q of 76 at 12GHz, with Q over 60 for frequencies from 8 to 18GHz. A 1:1 ratio transformer with coupling factors, k of higher than 0.6 and a self resonance frequency of 23GHz is also fabricated and tested. The technology for these inductors and transformers is based on one step Cr/Au metal deposition and electroplating.
S.P.G. Documentary Material on Australia, 1788-1900.

The article discusses a microfilm project related to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.), co-sponsored by the Rutgers Library and the Library of the University of Southern California. McCulloch elaborates on the material related to Australia as significant historial documents.
A lemma on polynomials modulo pm and applications to coding theory

An integer-valued function f(x) on the integers that is periodic of period p^e, p prime, can be matched, modulo p^m, by a polynomial function w(x); we show that w(x) may be taken to have degree at most (m(p-1)+1)p^e^-^1-1. Applications include a short proof of the theorem of McEliece on the divisibility of weights of codewords in p-ary cyclic codes by powers of p, an elementary proof of the Ax-Katz theorem on solutions of congruences modulo p, and results on the numbers of codewords in p-ary linear codes with weights in a given congruence class modulo p^e.
On Metallicity And RR Lyrae Light Curves

The quantitative technique of Fourier decomposition is used here to revive the idea of a relation between metallicity and light curve structure among the field RR(ab) stars. It is further shown that the pulsation period plays a role in this relation, as surmised by Lub (1977). Analysis of the data using published one-zone models gives rise to some preliminary suggestions regarding the light curve/metallicity correlation. 20 references.
Common agency and state-owned enterprise reform

Abstract This paper applies a common-agency model to demonstrate why recent enterprise reforms that assign the State Asset Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) a greater role in running China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are apt to fail. In a theoretical framework, we show that local principals' incentive payments are likely to clash with those of SASAC as local SOE principals' promote social stability and SASAC bolsters SOE efficiency. A second-best outcome requires a social planner to restrict actions by local principals and to impose taxes/subsidies to address inter-principal externalities. In the long run, the simplest solution is to privatize SOEs and find a public-sector funding source for promoting social stability.
Autopalmitoylation of tubulin

Pure rat brain tubulin is readily palmitoylated in vitro using [3H]palmitoyl CoA but no added enzymes. A maximum of approximately six palmitic acids are added per dimer in 2-3 h at 36-37 degrees C under native conditions. Both alpha and beta tubulin are labeled, and 63-73% of the label was hydroxylamine-labile, presumed thioesters. Labeling increases with increasing pH and temperature, and with low concentrations of guanidine HCl or KCl (but not with urea) to a maximum of approximately 13 palmitates/dimer. High SDS and guanidine HCl concentrations are inhibitory. At no time could all 20 cysteine residues of the dimer be palmitoylated. Polymerization to microtubules, or use of tubulin S, markedly decreases the accessibility of the palmitoylation sites. Palmitoylation increases the electrophoretic mobility of a portion of alpha tubulin toward the beta band. Palmitoylated tubulin binds a colchicine analogue normally, but during three warm/cold polymerization/depolymerization cycles there is a progressive loss of palmitoylated tubulin, indicating decreased polymerization competence. We postulate that local electrostatic factors are major regulators of reactivity of tubulin cysteine residues toward palmitoyl CoA, and that the negative charges surrounding a number of the cysteines are sensitive to negative charges on palmitoyl CoA.
The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The Qiyān in the Early Abbasid Era

The legacies of the ʿAbbāsids are multiple. Buried among these are poetic and works by Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Fuqaymī al-Jāḥiẓ and Abū l-Faraj ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. al-Hay...
Intrathoracic Manifestations of Malignant Lymphomatous Disease

Involvement of intrathoracic structures by malignant lymphomatous disease has long been recognized and variations in distribution of lesions described.” Despite this background the possibility of malignant lymphoma is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary and mediastinal disease. In an effort to further delineate the clinical pattern of this condition we have reviewed the problem directing particular attention to pulmonary symptoms and signs and to chest ifims. Material One hundred cases with the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma confirmed by biopsy or autopsy during the period 1950 through 1958 were selected at random from the ifies of the North Carolina Baptist Hospital. Autopsy material was available in 16 instances. Five diagnostic categories, modified from Custer’s classification,4 were considered to comprise the malignant lymphoma group : Hodgkin’s disease, lymphosarcoma, reticulum-cell sarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Further subdivision within these groups has not been helpful clinically and has afforded no better understanding of the process. Of the patients studied 35 had Hodgkin’s disease, 20 had lymphosarcoma, 26 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 12 had reticulum-cell sarcoma and seven giant follicular lymphoma. Of these patients 40 have died and 29 have been lost to follow-up. The average duration of follow-up for the entire series was 22 months. Sex distribution is given in Table 1. Of the entire series, 55 were men, 45 women. Symptoms and Signs Pulmonary symptoms (Table 2) were infrequent despite a high incidence of intrathoracic involvement as indicated by chest films. Nonproductive cough and dyspnea were the most common symptoms but were rarely troublesome in the absence of infection or pleural effusion. Other symptoms encountered were chest pain, usually a non-specific aching, choking, and hoarseness. Pierce et al’ have also noted the infrequency of symptoms referable to intrathoracic lesions despite radiologic evidence of extensive disease. In the absence of pleural effusion, objective evidence of intrathoracic disease on physical examination was unusual. Two patients who had lymphocytic leukemia with widespread pulmonary dissemination had clubbing of the fingers and toes; one of them was also cyanotic as was another with lymphosarcoma. Distention of the jugular and sublingual *Presented at the 40th Annual Session, American College of Physicians, Chicago,
Abstract 4005: JAK/STAT activation following Src inhibition is mediated by the loss of SOCS2 expression

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Systemic therapy that results in both decreased invasion and significant cytotoxicity would be ideal to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). One promising therapeutic target is Src due to its well-defined roles in both invasion and survival. STAT3 is a key mediator of the oncogenic effects of Src. However we previously found that sustained Src inhibition resulted in only transient inhibition of STAT3. Likewise, Src inhibition resulted in a universal reduction in invasion, but a more variable effect on apoptosis. Restoring STAT3 inhibition enhanced apoptosis. Previously we showed that STAT3 reactivation was mediated by JAK2 kinase activation and altered JAK2-STAT3 binding. Reactivation of JAK2/STAT3 suggests a feedback loop, possibly via the loss of a negative regulator. Of the three known feedback loops that regulate JAK/STAT function, we considered the most likely candidate to be the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which can compete for STAT binding and inhibit JAK kinase activity. To determine if SOCS proteins are involved in JAK/STAT3 reactivation, we measured RNA levels of all 8 SOCS family members in 5 HNSCC cell lines using quantitative PCR. The expression of most of the SOCS decrease after initial Src inhibition, but recover, consistent with their regulation by STAT3. However, the expression of SOCS2 decreased in all 5 lines. Likewise, we found that the addition of a molar stoichiometric amount of recombinant SOCS2 inhibits Jak2 kinase activity in vitro. To confirm that SOCS2 regulates STAT3 activity, we knocked-down SOCS2 by siRNA which resulted in the activation of STAT3. Similarly, transient overexpression of SOCS2 resulted in significant downregulation of activated STAT3. Others have reported that STAT5 can regulate SOCS2 expression. Consistent with this, we found that Src inhibition led to durable STAT5 inhibition. Moreover, the depletion of both isoforms of STAT5 (a and b) with siRNA resulted in a dramatic downregulation of the SOCS2 expression. To determine the biological significance of SOCS2 expression, we discovered that specific SOCS2 depletion reduced HNSCC cytotoxicity following Src inhibition. Our results demonstrate that sustained Src inhibition leads to the loss of SOCS2 expression via STAT5 inhibition. The loss of SOCS2 allows the recovery of JAK2 kinase activity, JAK2/STAT3 binding, STAT3 activation, and cell survival despite durable Src inhibition. To our knowledge, this feedback pathway has never been described previously. Given that pharmacologic Src and JAK inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, these results have significant implications for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4005.
Limitations to Growth of Microorganisms on Uranus, Neptune, and Titan

Reappraisal of the probabilistic policy toward planetary contamination by terrestrial microorganisms carried aboard space probes is suggested on the grounds that assignment of numerical probabilities to qualitatively unknown phenomena, as expressed in Phillips's (1974) formulation of the probability of contamination, is inappropriate. As an alternative, it is proposed that fundamental knowledge of the interacting nature of life on earth, interrelations between terrestrial organisms, and continuing effects of these organisms on earth's atmosphere and surface should guide the formulation of a sounder scientific quarantine policy. Simple conservative atmospheric models most favorable for life on Uranus and Neptune are examined. It is concluded that terrestrial microorganisms will not grow on either planet due to limitations of liquid water, atmospheric convection to lethal depths, the absence of energy sources and nutrients, the presence of ammonia and hydrogen, insufficient concentrations of biologically necessary ions, and the lack of a surface. The likelihood of terrestrial microorganism growth on Titan is found to be vanishingly small.
Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Study Protein Structure and Interactions in Lyophilized Powders

Amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (ssHDX-MS) and side-chain photolytic labeling (ssPL-MS) followed by mass spectrometric analysis can be valuable for characterizing lyophilized formulations of protein therapeutics. Labeling followed by suitable proteolytic digestion allows the protein structure and interactions to be mapped with peptide-level resolution. Since the protein structural elements are stabilized by a network of chemical bonds from the main-chains and side-chains of amino acids, specific labeling of atoms in the amino acid residues provides insight into the structure and conformation of the protein. In contrast to routine methods used to study proteins in lyophilized solids (e.g., FTIR), ssHDXMS and ssPL-MS provide quantitative and site-specific information. The extent of deuterium incorporation and kinetic parameters can be related to rapidly and slowly exchanging amide pools (Nfast, Nslow) and directly reflects the degree of protein folding and structure in lyophilized formulations. Stable photolytic labeling does not undergo back-exchange, an advantage over ssHDX-MS. Here, we provide detailed protocols for both ssHDX-MS and ssPL-MS, using myoglobin (Mb) as a model protein in lyophilized formulations containing either trehalose or sorbitol.
Ayushman: a secure, usable pervasive health monitoring system

Ayushman is a pervasive health monitoring system which has the ability to collect, process, store and display health data in a secure and easy to use manner. Recent years have seen considerable activity in this field. Most of these systems tend to treat health monitoring as an extension to generic sensor networks. and depend on a network of wearable and implanted, medical and ambient sensors (called a body area network) for data collection and transport. We contend that this paradigm is not suitable for medical monitoring given the low reliability of the sensors, and the mission critical nature of medical monitoring. Further, the existing systems mainly focus on patient monitoring and do not consider security at all, and those that do, treat it in an isolated manner. With Ayushman we present a system which addresses both these issues. It integrates sensors and highly capable entities in the back-end to provide robust health monitoring. It also considers security as an integral part of its design. Sensors in Ayushman utilize physiological values based security for securing their communication. Our design approach enables Ayushman to provide health monitoring in a secure and usable manner - a property that traditional systems lack.
Acute depletion of Tet1-dependent 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels impairs LIF/Stat3 signaling and results in loss of embryonic stem cell identity

The TET family of FE(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes (Tet1/2/3) promote DNA demethylation by converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which they further oxidize into 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. Tet1 is robustly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and has been implicated in mESC maintenance. Here we demonstrate that, unlike genetic deletion, RNAi-mediated depletion of Tet1 in mESCs led to a significant reduction in 5hmC and loss of mESC identity. The differentiation phenotype due to Tet1 depletion positively correlated with the extent of 5hmC loss. Meta-analyses of genomic data sets suggested interaction between Tet1 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling. LIF signaling is known to promote self-renewal and pluripotency in mESCs partly by opposing MAPK/ERK-mediated differentiation. Withdrawal of LIF leads to differentiation of mESCs. We discovered that Tet1 depletion impaired LIF-dependent Stat3-mediated gene activation by affecting Stat3's ability to bind to its target sites on chromatin. Nanog overexpression or inhibition of MAPK/ERK signaling, both known to maintain mESCs in the absence of LIF, rescued Tet1 depletion, further supporting the dependence of LIF/Stat3 signaling on Tet1. These data support the conclusion that analysis of mESCs in the hours/days immediately following efficient Tet1 depletion reveals Tet1's normal physiological role in maintaining the pluripotent state that may be subject to homeostatic compensation in genetic models.
Molecular controls of tuberization

Tuber formation in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a complex developmental process involving a number of important biological systems. Under conditions of a short-day photoperiod and cool temperature, a transmissible signal is activated that initiates cell division and expansion and a change in the orientation of cell growth in the subapical region of the stolon tip. In this signal transduction pathway, perception of the appropriate environmental cues occurs in leaves and is mediated by phytochrome and gibberellins (GA). Phytohormones also play a prominent role in regulating the morphological events of tuberization activated in the stolon apex. GA, cytokinins, and jasmonate-like compounds have all been implicated in regulating tuber development. High levels of GA are correlated with the inhibition of tuberization, whereas low levels are associated with induction. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA to regulate gene activity and, in some cases, to mediate hormone levels. Several of these DNA-binding proteins are involved in regulating plant growth and meristem development in potato, including tuber formation. One type, designated POTM1, regulates cytokinin levels in potato meristems and controls branching of axillary shoots. Two other types that physically interact, the BEL and KNOX proteins, mediate vegetative development. Transgenic plants that overexpressed BEL and KNOX proteins exhibited enhanced tuber formation even under long-day conditions. KNOX overexpressers exhibited abnormal leaf architecture and dwarfism. These transgenic lines exhibited a decrease in the levels of GA and an increase in cytokinin levels. In addition, the BEL transgenic lines grew more rapidly than wild-type plants. Our results indicate that DNA-binding proteins of potato mediate tuberization by enhancing or repressing the activity of specific target genes.
Electro‐optic characterization of ion beam sputter‐deposited KNbO3 thin films

The Electro‐optic properties of potassium niobate thin films deposited using a computer‐controlled ion beam sputtering technique have been studied for the first time. Epitaxial and polycrystalline films were deposited on single crystal magnesium oxide and highly (111) oriented films were deposited on sapphire for the study. All films exhibited a quadratic‐like dependence of birefringence shift on the applied electric field. The microstructure of the films and its relation to the observed electro‐optic properties is discussed.
Roles of Gender, Race, and SES in the College Choice Process Among First-Generation and Nonfirst-Generation Students

The authors examined students’ reports of their college choice process to understand the influence of a set of psychological, personal, and institutional factors. The authors also examined potential moderating influences of generational status, gender, race, and SES on our variables of interest. A diverse sample of college freshmen (N 1,339), including 42% who were the first in their families to attend college, responded to a self-reporting, Web-based survey. Findings indicate that psychosocial factors and academic quality of the college were most influential for first-generation students as compared to their nonfirst-generation peers in the college choice process. However, gender, race, and SES moderated these influences in complex ways. For example, females rated the psychological variables higher than males; Asian American and African American first-generation students rated higher than their parents’ preferences for which college to attend as compared to nonfirst-generation peers. First-generation females, African American in particular, considered academic quality more important than other groups. Our findings should be of value to counselors and other personnel who facilitate students’ college choice process as well as college recruitment, retention, and diversity enhancement programs.
Surface-plasmon excitation by electrons in microlithographically produced channels.

Energy-loss spectra have been measured for low-energy (900 eV) electrons transmitted through cylindrical microchannels in silver foils. Arrays of such channels were produced by a microlithographic process. Inelastic scattering of the electrons results in a peak in the energy-loss spectrum in the vicinity of the silver surface-plasmon energy. The probability of surface-plasmon excitation was measured as a function of incident-beam angle and compared with theory. The results indicate that inelastic scattering occurs principally in a narrow region close to the metal surface where roughness features are important. Calculations in which these roughness structures are modeled as small spheres give excellent agreement with the measured shape and position of the energy-loss peak.
Assessment of Metformin as an Additional Treatment to Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes in Pediatric Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of metformin and therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLCs) in a clinical setting, compared to TLC alone in adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methodology. This study was a retrospective trial consisting of 60 patients, aged 8–18 years, who were treated for MS at an outpatient clinic. Two groups were formed: the metformin group (M group) and the control group (C group). The M group had been given metformin along with TLC, and the C group had been given TLC alone. Several outcome measures were obtained; the main outcome measure was measuring the change in percentile and z-score of weight and BMI. Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the conclusion of the study, except for height percentile ( <path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5 t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z"/> <path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z"/> ) and z-score ( <path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5 q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z"/> ). Both groups showed promising significant intragroup decreases in weight z-score but BMI percentile and z-score were only significantly decreased in the M group. Conclusion. Metformin at an average dose of 1033 mg, when added to TLC, did not show any clinically important efficacy compared to TLC alone in a pediatric population with MS. However, both groups made significant changes in a positive direction, which may be solely due to TLC.
Building stronger microvessels

Therapeutic angiogenesis is enhanced by coaxing smooth muscle cells to wrap around endothelial-cell tubes.
Preeclampsia and Prematurity as Precursors to Adolescent Obesity

It has been recognized for nearly 70 years that the early environment in which a child grows and develops could have long-term effects on subsequent health and survival.1,2 The period from conception to birth is a time of rapid growth, cellular replication and differentiation, and functional maturation of organ systems. These processes are very sensitive to alterations in the intrauterine milieu. The Barker hypothesis proposes that the fetus adapts to an adverse intrauterine milieu by optimizing the use of a reduced nutrient supply to ensure survival. However, although the adaptations may aid survival of the fetus, they become a liability in situations of nutritional abundance.2
Automatic visual solder joint inspection

An approach is described for the automatic inspection of solder joints on printed circuit boards. Common defects are identified in solder joints and a joint is classified as being good or belonging to one of the defective classes. The motivation for this classification is not just the detection of defective joints, but the desire to automatically take corrective action on the assembly line. The features used for classification are based on characteristics of intensity surfaces. It is shown that features derived from facets and Gaussian curvature are effective in the classification of solder joints using a minimum-distance classification algorithm. Class separation plots are shown to be useful for quickly studying individual effectiveness of a feature or pair of features in classification. Results show the efficacy of the described approach.
Evaluation of a single cell and candidate materials with high water content hydrogen in a generic solid oxide fuel cell stack test fixture, Part II: materials and interface characterization

A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) test fixture was developed to evaluate candidate materials under realistic operating conditions. A commercial 50 mm × 50 mm NiO-YSZ anode-supported thin YSZ electrolyte cell with lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)/YSZ cathode was tested to evaluate the stability of candidate materials. The cell was tested in two stages at 800°C: stage I with low (~3% H2O) humidity and stage II with high (~30% H2O) humidity hydrogen fuel in constant voltage or constant current mode. Part I of the work, published previously, provided information regarding the generic test fixture design, materials, cell performance, and optical post-mortem analysis. In part II, detailed microstructure and interfacial characterizations are reported regarding the SOFC candidate materials: (Mn,Co)-spinel conductive coating, alumina coating for sealing area, ferritic stainless steel interconnect, refractory sealing glass, and their interactions with each other. Overall, the (Mn,Co)-spinel coating was very effective in minimizing Cr migration. No Cr was identified in the cathode after 1720 h at 800°C. Aluminization of metallic interconnects also proved to be chemically compatible with alkaline-earth silicate sealing glass. The details of interfacial reaction and microstructure development are discussed.
A Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab plus Everolimus for Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Purpose. For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), no standard therapy exists after progression on 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, and cetuximab or panitumumab. Preclinical data demonstrated that combined vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition has greater antiangiogenic and antitumor activity than either monotherapy. A phase I study of bevacizumab plus everolimus demonstrated that the combination is safe; activity was seen in several patients with refractory mCRC. Methods. Fifty patients with refractory mCRC were enrolled and received bevacizumab at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks and everolimus at 10 mg orally daily. Results. Of the 50 patients enrolled, the median age was 56 years and the median number of prior regimens was four. Forty-seven patients (96%) had prior bevacizumabexposureand42patients(84%)haddocumented progression on prior bevacizumab-based therapy. Forty-nine patients were evaluable for response; eight patients had minor responses (16%) and an additional 15 patients (30%) had stable disease (SD). No complete or partial responses were seen. The median progressionfree survival interval was 2.3 months; however, 26% of patients achieved prolonged SD for >6 months, and three patients (6%) were on study for >1 year. The medianoverallsurvivaldurationwas8.1months.Themost common grade 1–2 toxicities were mucositis (68%) and hyperlipidemia (64%). Clinically significant grade >3 toxicities included hypertension (14%), fistula/abscess/ perforation (8%), mucositis (6%), and hemorrhage (2%). Conclusions. Bevacizumab plus everolimus is generally tolerable but may have risks related to mucosal damage and/or wound healing. Bevacizumab plus everolimus appears to have modest activity in refractory mCRC in patients. The Oncologist 2011;16: 1131–1137
Eighty-One PNA's Later A Professional Appraisal

A survey made of the activities and attitudes of nurses who have completed the Cincinnati Pediatric Nurse Associate Program showed, among other findings: most of the nurses are employed in public health settings; 80 per cent feel that there is excellent or good acceptance of their expanded role by physicians with whom they work; 75 per cent feel that there is ex cellent or good acceptance of their expanded role by nurse colleagues; 100 per cent feel that there is excellent or good acceptance of their expanded role by patients and families; 69 per cent feel that disease prevention, parent education, and screening assessment are the types of services most characteristic of their expanded role; 83 per cent feel that their ac tivities and accountability involve physicians; the role that PNA's like best by an overwhelming majority is the opportunity to provide counseling and anticipatory guidance; 60 per cent of the PNA's felt that parent education regarding mental and physical health and child rearing was the...
Estimation of segmental muscle volume by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy

This study validated bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) with Cole-Cole modeled measurements of calf and arm segmental water volume and volume changes during 72 h of simulated microgravity a...
Microelectronic test structures for rapid automated contactless inline defect inspection

Simple but unique and space-saving microelectronic test structures were designed to afford automated inline contactless defect inspection in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-voltage contrast (VC) mode for rapid electrical defect-monitoring, along with in situ defect-isolation and characterization capabilities. Such an automated inspection can support accelerated yield learning through increased defect-learning cycles, particularly on the sub-0.25-/spl mu/m-rule designs, as defects below optical resolution become significant. The system is also capable of the traditional visual inspection in the high-energy secondary-electron emission mode, affording the accurate determination of the "transfer coefficients" between the optical inspection results and the electrical faults from the SEM-VC inspection, needed for any foreign-material or contamination-to-yield model with high correlation or at a high confidence level.
Cable-Suspended Vehicle Simulation System Concept

This paper presents a concept for virtual-reality-based vehicle simulation with whole-body haptics. The cable-suspended NIST RoboCrane is adapted to carry human operators in simulating a variety of vehicle motions. A realistic, immersive VR system is proposed with 3D graphics, haptic motion input devices, 3D surround-sound audio, articulating fans, and an olfactory generator. The real-world cockpit and input devices will be used to increase realism, suspended from nine active cables for motion simulation. The intent is to replace existing heavy, expensive, and dangerous Stewart-Platform-based flight simulators with a lighter, more economical, stiff, safe, high bandwidth, cable-suspended system. Many potential applications are proposed in addition to flight simulation. Our long-term goal is to create an economical, safe, realistic vehicle simulator with full-body motion for operator training, research & development, vehicle design, entertainment, rehabilitation, and therapy.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Flow and suspended-sediment transport in the Colorado River near National Canyon

Point measurements of flow speed and suspended-sand concentration were made from a cableway 293-km downstream from Glen Canyon Dam during the 1996 controlled flood. The data demonstrate a systematic fining of the suspended load in the Colorado River, a reduction in near-bed sand concentration with time, and a strong secondary circulation that very effectively transported suspended sand toward the channel margins. In the center of the river, the primary flow was well represented by steady, horizontally uniform flow theory, with a shear velocity of 0.081 m/s and a sand grain related roughness parameter of 4.5.10 -6 m; at the channel margins the primary flow exhibited a distinct internal boundary layer with a shear velocity of approximately 0.081 m/s and an outer boundary layer with a shear velocity of approximately twice that value. The secondary circulation was caused by long wavelength irregularities in the rockfall-produced sloping banks of the approximately trapezoidal channel. The primary flow was forced upward and toward the river center by these topographic features causing a fully 3-dimensional circulation. The upward forced vertical velocities apparently interacted with turbulence in the primary flow to produce boils. Consequently, the upwelling zone degraded to an irregular, bank-parallel boil line. Downwelling occurred over a broad region in the center of the river, but also was concentrated along well-defined convergence zones over which woody debris concentrated. This secondary circulation was very effective in transporting suspended sand toward the channel margins at the bottom, then lifting it in the boils and depositing it inshore of the boil line on the riverbanks.
HOUSE RULES? The practice of social organization in Classic-period Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico

This paper presents results of excavations from three house lots at Chunchucmil, a Classic-period site in northwestern Yucatan, Mexico. Each of the three house lots contains multiple residential structures organized around patios with temples on the east side of the patio. The boundaries of the house lots are clearly marked by low walls that encircle the architecture and non-mounded space. These house lots were occupied by multiple-family groups that held a common identity. Inequality existed within these groups insofar as one residence in each group was larger and better constructed than the others. In discussing the succession of leadership within these groups, we argue that social organization resembled the flexible house society model presented by Claude Levi-Strauss, as opposed to rule-guided models based solely on descent or kinship. The practical nature of social organization is seen in the type of modifications found on the east structures of these groups.
The all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a double socket approach

Abstract The all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique places an anterior ligament substitute within twobone sockets rather than true bone tunnels. This approach is accomplished through arthroscopy portals which avoids the surgical exposure and morbidity associated with creating traditional bone tunnels.
Too fast, too soon? An empirical investigation into rebound relationships

A “rebound relationship” is commonly understood as a relationship that is initiated shortly after a romantic breakup—before the feelings about the former relationship have been resolved. However, little research has examined the consequences of quickly beginning new romantic relationships after another has ended. In two studies we examined people who experienced a breakup and assessed their well-being, their feelings about their ex-partner, and whether they were seeing someone new. Analyses indicated that people in new relationships were more confident in their desirability and had more resolution over their ex-partner. Among those in new relationships, the speed with which they began their relationship was associated with greater psychological and relational health. Overall, these findings suggest that rebound relationships may be more beneficial than typically believed.
The relation of urinary estrogen metabolites with mammographic densities in premenopausal women.

Abstract Background: Mammographic density is a strong predictor of breast cancer risk. The total amount and the metabolism of endogenous estrogens, e.g., the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE 1 ) and 16α-OHE 1 may influence breast cancer risk. This study examined the association of urinary estrogen metabolites with breast density in premenopausal women. Methods: Urine samples were collected at baseline and after 2 years, analyzed for 11 estrogen metabolites plus progesterone and testosterone by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and adjusted for creatinine levels. Mixed-effects regression was applied to examine the association of estrogens with breast density. Results: Total estrogen metabolites (181±113 vs. 247±165pmol/mg creatinine, p =0.01) and the 2/16α-OH ratio (8.4±10.4 vs. 13.0±17.1, p =0.02) were lower in the 74 Asian than in the 114 non-Asian women. In adjusted models, positive associations of total estrogen metabolites ( p =0.002) and the 2/16α-OHE 1 ratio ( p =0.08) with percent density were detected in Asians only. In all women, mammographic density was positively associated with the 2-OH pathway ( p =0.01), inversely related to the 16α-OH pathway ( p =0.01), and not associated with the 4-OH pathway, testosterone, and progesterone. Results for the size of the dense area weakly reflected the findings for percent density, while associations with the non-dense area were in the opposite direction. Conclusions: The findings that the 2-OH pathway is associated with higher and the 16α-OH pathway with lower breast density contradicts the hypothesized risk profile of these metabolites, but, if a relation between estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk exists, it may be mediated through pathways other than mammographic density.
Tentative findings of a study of the technology needs and use patterns of persons with mental retardation.

. An examination of the technology use patterns and needs of 680 persons with mental retardation was conducted as part of a grant application process in response to P. L. 100–407, the Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988. Important trends which were deemed valuable for state technology planning purposes were revealed which have implications for other states desiring to develop comprehensive technology systems. Responses obtained from participants indicated that needs for technology were evident in all areas of life functioning, with computer technology being reported as the area of greatest need. Most respondents reported spending less than $1000 for their technology and more than half expressed that a credit plan would have been helpful in purchasing needed technology. Transportation services was reported to be an area of need for many persons participating in the study. More than half the participants indicated the need for more information relating to technology.
Managerial and Organizational Cognition: Notes from a Trip Down Memory Lane

The study of cognition in organizations has burgeoned in recent years. Top-down information processing theory suggests that individuals create knowledge structures to help them process information and make decisions. While the benefits of employing such knowledge structures are widely noted, there is a growing concern that they can limit decision makers' abilities to understand their information environments and thus, compromise their decision making. This issue has captured the imagination of managerial and organizational cognition researchers. To date, their inquiry has been eclectic in focus and method. To order and advance this work, the author reviews extant research on the developmental origins and decision consequences of both the content and structure of knowledge structures at multiple levels of analysis. A host of research challenges are identified to help develop a better understanding of knowledge structure representation, development, and use in organizations.
Characterization of Cytokine-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Normal Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Tumor immune tolerance can derive from the recruitment of suppressor cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In cancer patients, increased MDSCs correlate with more aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. Expression of 15 immune factors (TGFβ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, M-CSF, IDO, fms -related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, c- kit ligand, inducible NO synthase, arginase-1, TNF-α, cyclo-oxygenase 2, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) by MDSC-inducing human solid tumor cell lines was evaluated by RT-PCR. Based upon these data, cytokine mixtures were then tested for their ability to generate suppressive CD33 + cells from healthy donor PBMCs in vitro by measuring their ability to inhibit the proliferation of, and IFN-γ production by, fresh autologous human T cells after CD3/CD28 stimulation. Induced MDSCs were characterized with respect to their morphology, surface phenotype, and gene expression profile. MDSC-inducing cancer cell lines demonstrated multiple pathways for MDSC generation, including overexpression of IL-6, IL-1β, cyclo-oxygenase 2, M-CSF, and IDO. CD33 + cells with potent suppressive capacity were best generated in vitro by GM-CSF and IL-6, and secondarily by GM-CSF + IL-1β, PGE 2 , TNF-α, or VEGF. Characterization studies of cytokine-induced suppressive cells revealed CD33 + CD11b + CD66b + HLA-DR low IL-13Rα2 int large mononuclear cells with abundant basophilic cytoplasm. Expression of inducible NO synthase, TGFβ, NADPH oxidase, VEGF, and/or arginase-1 was also upregulated, and Transwell studies showed suppression of autologous T cells to be contact dependent. Suppressive CD33 + cells generated from PBMCs by GM-CSF and IL-6 were consistent with human MDSCs. This study suggests that these cytokines are potential therapeutic targets for the inhibition of MDSC induction in cancer patients.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mRNA and peptide and IGF-binding proteins by interleukin-1

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether interleukin (IL)-1 would alter the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in rats and whether this change was mediated by glucocorticoids. The IGF-I concentration was decreased in plasma (32%), liver (35%), skeletal muscle (40-50% depending on fiber type), pituitary (36%), and brain (52%), and increased in kidney (73%) 6 h after intravenous injection of IL-1 beta. IL-1 beta also decreased IGF-I mRNA levels in liver and muscle and increased expression in kidney. These changes were associated with a > 2.5-fold elevation in plasma corticosterone levels. Pretreatment of rats with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486 prevented the IL-1 beta-induced decrease in plasma and liver IGF-I concentration and the reduction in hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression. In contrast, RU-486 did not significantly attenuate the fall in IGF-I content in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, or pituitary or the increase in IGF-I observed in kidney after IL-1 beta. Furthermore, pretreatment with RU-486 did not completely prevent the IL-1 beta-induced decrease in IGF-I mRNA in skeletal muscle. The concentration of both IGF-binding protein (BP)-1 and BP-2 was increased in plasma, liver, and muscle in response to IL-1 beta, and these changes were also not prevented by RU-486. These results indicate that the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta is capable of influencing multiple components of the IGF system. Whereas the enhanced endogenous production of glucocorticoids appears to mediate the IL-1 beta-induced decrease in IGF-I synthesis in liver, the changes in IGF-I content observed in other tissues and the increase in IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 appear to be largely glucocorticoid independent.
Gay Marriage and Public Health

This 1998 article draws on social determinants theory to consider the legal recognition of gay marriage as an intervention to reduce HIV among gay men. Written at a time when there was active dispute within the gay community about whether a pro-marriage campaign was desirable, let alone feasible, the article retains some relevance today in its focus on a pertinent example of law as a factor in a public health equation.