cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shape memory polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites: Structures, properties, and applications:

This review presents an overview of the versatile shape memory polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites. Shape memory polyurethanes can recover their original shape from an intermediate shape when trig...
Mothering by the Book: Horror and Maternal Ambivalence in The Babadook (2014)

Attachment parenting strategies underscore the breakdown of the distinction between child and mother, producing an abject horror that is literalised in The Babadook (2014). In this film, a menacing character from a (parenting) book comes to life, and the Babadook threatens the widowed mother, Amelia (Essie Davis) with the darkest part of herself—her desire occasionally to be free from her child’s demands. This article reads The Babadook through neoliberal ideologies of intensive parenting and feminist theories about maternal ambivalence and abjection to ultimately argue that the real monster in the film is the pressure to be the perfect mom that comes from the ideologies of intensive mothering. Amelia eventually expels the Babadook from her body in a pool of black vomit, also expelling her abject reaction to motherhood. However, the Babadook is not entirely defeated—instead, Amelia goes to the basement, alone, daily, to feed it. In the basement, she remembers her desire to exist independently of her child, a desire that the film codes as monstrous.
Neutropenic enterocolitis: A clinico-pathological review

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a predominantly cecum-based disease with high mortality seen in patients post chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of NE is poorly understood and probably multifactorial involving mucosal injury, neutropenia, and impaired host defense to intestinal organisms. The clinical presentation is characterized as ileocolonic inflammation and bowel wall thickening in patients with neutropenia, fever, and abdominal pain. The pathological features of NE include patchy necrosis, hemorrhage, ulcer, edema, perforation, infiltrating organisms, and characteristically, depletion of inflammatory cells (neutrophils). NE should always be considered as a possible diagnosis in immunosuppressed patients, especially those receiving chemotherapy. High clinical and histological diagnostic discordance rate exists. High index of clinical suspicion and prompt appropriate personalized management are essential to achieve a lower mortality rate.
Discourses and Themes in Adoption and Child Welfare Policies and Practices in the U.S. throughout the 19th and 20th Centuries

The current paper uncovered the pertinent discourses and themes of and about adoption in the United States throughout the following time periods: 1850-1919, 1920-1959, 1960-1979, and 1980-present. ...
1,3-Diphenyldisiloxane Enables Additive-Free Redox Recycling Reactions and Catalysis with Triphenylphosphine

The recently reported chemoselective reduction of phosphine oxides with 1,3-diphenyldisiloxane (DPDS) has opened up the possibility of additive-free phosphine oxide reductions in catalytic systems. Herein we disclose the use of this new reducing agent as an enabler of phosphorus redox recycling in Wittig, Staudinger, and alcohol substitution reactions. DPDS was successfully utilized in ambient-temperature additive-free redox recycling variants of the Wittig olefination, Appel halogenation, and Staudinger reduction. Triphenylphosphine-promoted catalytic recycling reactions were also facilitated by DPDS. Additive-free triphenylphosphine-promoted catalytic Staudinger reductions could even be performed at ambient temperature due to the rapid nature of phosphinimine reduction, for which we characterized kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. These results demonstrate the utility of DPDS as an excellent reducing agent for the development of phosphorus redox recycling reactions.
New and Old Osteocytic Cell Lines and 3D Models.

The aim of this review was to compile a list of tools currently available to study bone cells and in particular osteocytes. As the interest (and importance) in osteocyte biology has greatly expanded over the past decade, new tools and techniques have become available to study these elusive cells, Osteocytes are the main orchestrators of bone remodeling. They control both osteoblasts and osteoclast activities via cell-to cell communication or through secreted factors. Osteocytes are also the mechanosensors of the bone and they orchestrate skeletal adaptation to loads. Recent discoveries have greatly expanded our knowledge and understanding of these cells and new models are now available to further uncover the functions of osteocytes. Novel osteocytic cell lines, primary cultures, and 3D scaffolds are now available to investigators to further unravel the functions and roles of these cells.
Larrabee at the District Court: Misunderstanding Military Criminal Law by the Article III Judiciary is Far From Retired

The U.S. military’s criminal justice system is little understood by the public, by Congress, or by the Courts. Despite more than seventy years of steady “civilianization” (I prefer the less condescending “de-militarizing”) of its arcane and idiosyncratic features, and despite the U.S. Supreme Court recognizing its “inherently judicial nature” (as opposed to a mere instrument of command discipline) as recently as 2018, federal Article III judges conducting the occasional collateral review of courts-martial still seem to struggle with the nature of the military’s internal law for “good order and discipline” and what has come to be called the “Toth Doctrine.” As a result, reviewing federal courts’ degree of deference – and their explanation of Congress’s reasoning for how it has constructed military justice as a unique balance of national security and due process equities – is sometimes jumbled, misleading, and historically inconsistent. Such is the case in Larrabee v. Braithwaite, a recent de novo review out of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, which took the unusual step of holding part of the military justice’s personal jurisdiction scheme unconstitutional – not as a due process or equal protection violation, but for exceeding Congress’s authority under its “make rules for the regulation and government of the land and naval forces” clause of Article I. This misreading is not ameliorated by the District Court’s (probably) correct (or at least fair) outcome; rather, it suggests that Congress – and the military – must a do a better job articulating and supporting its own rationales for its structural choices that look so peculiar to civilian observers and unnecessarily confuse civilian courts.
BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN NORMAL AND ASTHMATIC CHILDREN

Children and adolescents with moderate to severe asthma including those treated with inhaled corticosteroids do not appear to have adversely affected bone mass.
An Open Door to Ending Exploitation: Accountability for Violations of Informed Consent under the Alien Tort Statute

INTRODUCTION 232 I. CLINICAL TRIALS MOVE ABROAD—BUT HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTIONS DO NOT FOLLOW 235 A. Utility of Extraterritorial Research to Multinational Corporations ......236 B. Utility of Medical Research to Developing Countries 241 C. Inadequate Enforcement of an Informed Consent Requirement Permits Exploitation 242 II. HUMAN SUBJECTS CAN ENFORCE PROTECTIONS UNDER THE ATS 246 A. Trovan Litigation as a Test Case 247 B. Judicial Interpretation of the ATS Leaves Room for Expansion of the Federal Common Law 248 1. Historical Perspective on the ATS 250 2. Filartiga and Tel-Oren 252 3. The Sosa Standard Defined: A Jurisdictional Statute Recognizing Federal Common Law 254 III. INFORMED CONSENT MEETS THE SOSA STANDARD FOR A NORM OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 255 A. Human Subjects Protections Require Informed Consent 257 1. Nuremberg Code 257 2. Declaration of Helsinki 259 3. CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Research Involving Human Subjects 262
Inspection effectiveness in software development: a neural network approach

In this paper we discuss an analysis of inspection effectiveness based on defect escapes. We present a neural network approach to inspection based on the back propagation model for identifying inspections with defect escapes. Our analysis shows several findings that provide new insights on defect escapes and inspection effectiveness. Our approach is quite novel, not only because of its focus on defect escapes, but also because of its application of neural network techniques to the analysis of software inspection effectiveness. We believe that other software development organizations may benefit from this work as well.
Broadband Biodetection: Holmes on a Chip

Most pioneering biosensors employ a biological molecule--an enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, or other element--to recognize sample molecules of interest. Recognition takes place via biochemical binding through hydrogen bonding, charge-charge interactions, and so forth. A secondary process, such as a colorimetric indicator reaction or the amplification of a weak bioelectric signal, informs the user of the primary molecular recognition event. A few such molecular recognition biosensors are familiar as consumer products, including glucose monitors (enzyme-based), pregnancy test strips (antibody-based), and paternity test kits (nucleic acid-based). This article describes the use and design features of modern biosensors.
JNK signaling in insulin-producing cells is required for adaptive responses to stress in Drosophila

Adaptation to environmental challenges is critical for the survival of an organism. Repression of Insulin/IGF Signaling (IIS) by stress-responsive Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling is emerging as a conserved mechanism that allows reallocating resources from anabolic to repair processes under stress conditions. JNK activation in Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is sufficient to repress Insulin and Insulin-like peptide (ILP) expression in rats and flies, but the significance of this interaction for adaptive responses to stress is unclear. In this study, it is shown that JNK activity in IPCs of flies is required for oxidative stress-induced repression of the Drosophila ILP2. It is found that this repression is required for growth adaptation to heat stress as well as adult oxidative stress tolerance, and that induction of stress response genes in the periphery is in part dependent on IPC-specific JNK activity. Endocrine control of IIS by JNK in IPCs is thus critical for systemic adaptation to stress.
Quantitative Aspects of Exchangeable Calcium in Spores of Bacillus megaterium

Rode, L. J. (The University of Texas, Austin), and J. W. Foster. Quantitative aspects of exchangeable calcium in spores of Bacillus megaterium . J. Bacteriol. 91: 1589–1593. 1966.—More than 90% of the calcium in Ca 45 -labeled native spores was released from the cells during germination. Some 95% of the spore calcium was not exchangeable when ungerminated native spores were titrated to p H 4 with HNO 3 . Ca, Mg, Na, Si, and Fe were displaced from the spores by H + . The adsorption of Ca 45 by H-spores and its subsequent release were studied under a variety of conditions. The isolated “coat fraction” of spores adsorbed substantial amounts of Ca 45 . Release of the adsorbed Ca was achieved with various reagents.
Versatile grasping ability in power-grip actions by tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.).

Objectives Capuchin monkeys are well known to have a high degree of manual dexterity. In this study, we assessed the variability of capuchin grasping actions involving power grips, i.e., manual actions in which the object is grasped between the palm and one or several parts of the fingers and that do not necessarily involve individually controlled finger movements. Planning abilities in executing actions were also evaluated. Methods Twenty tufted capuchins (Sapajus spp.) were tested in a task requiring individuals to grasp a dowel inserted into a vertical tube. We examined their grasping techniques, focusing on the following aspects: (i) the different hand postures made during grasping, (ii) the frequency of thumb use in opposition to the other fingers, (iii) the asymmetric use of the hands, and (iv) the configuration of the grasping action for the purpose of comfortably bringing the food to the mouth. Results Eight power-grip variants were identified, with individual capuchins performing an average of more than five different grips. The use of the thumb in opposition to the other areas of the hand, as reported in studies of precision grips, also appears to be a common feature in power grips. No evidence of group-level manual asymmetries was found. Adult capuchins were better than immature individuals in planning grasping actions in relation to following task demands. Discussion Overall, these findings clarify the extent to which manual dexterity and cognitive abilities can be expressed in the grasping tasks of highly manually skilled primate species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cucurbituril and Cyclodextrin Complexes of Dendrimers

This chapter reviews the growing body of data on the binding interactions between dendrimers and two types of well-established molecular hosts: cyclodextrins and cucurbit[n]urils. Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules to which functional groups can be attached in spatially defined locations. The attachment of guest functional groups to dendrimers allows the investigation of their binding interactions with freely diffusing hosts/receptors. The effect of dendrimer size on the thermodynamics of these host–guest reactions varies widely depending on factors described here. In optimum cases, it is possible to use these binding interactions to exert redox control on dendrimer self-assembly and even control the size of the resulting assemblies.
Creating interaction environments: defining a two-sided market model of the development and dominance of platforms

Interactions between individuals, both economic and social, are increasingly mediated by technological systems. Such platforms facilitate interactions by controlling and regularizing access, while extracting rent from users. The relatively recent idea of two-sided markets has given insights into the distinctive economic features of such arrangements, arising from network effects and the power of the platform operator. Simplifications required to obtain analytical results, while leading to basic understanding, prevent us from posing many important questions. For example we would like to understand how platforms can be secured when the costs and benefits of security differ greatly across users and operators, and when the vulnerabilities of particular designs may only be revealed after they are in wide use. We define an agent-based model that removes many constraints limiting existing analyses (such as uniformity of users, free and perfect information), allowing insights into a much larger class of real systems.
Black carbon transport to a remote mountaintop in the northeastern US and relationship with other pollutants

Abstract We report Aethalometer black carbon (BC) measurements carried out at 15-min intervals over 30 months at a mountaintop site in northeastern New York, along with co-located measurements of CO, O 3 , and SO 2 , and high time resolved measurements of PM 2.5 mass and aerosol sulfate (SO 4 ) concentrations acquired near the base of the mountain. The mean BC concentration at the site was 84 ng m −3 while monthly means varied from 25 to 144 ng m −3 . Correcting for the impact of “mountain meteorology” yields an estimated surface equivalent annual mean concentration of 100 ng m −3 . Periods of episodic high BC concentrations (>300 ng m −3 ), however, occurred throughout the year but were longer and more intense during the warmer months. We observed that the concentrations of O 3 , SO 2, SO 4 , and PM 2.5 mass, and to a lesser degree CO were often highly correlated with BC concentrations during the episodes, even when air trajectories indicated that the air masses reaching the site had passed through widely varied geographical regions. We report details of three specific BC episodes and examine the relationship between the co-measured species and air trajectories.
Large-period turbulent solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

Abstract We solve numerically the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation for large period l. In the limit l→∞, we show that the solution is associated with a three-dimensional dynamical system, whose control parameter E takes a unique value E∗. We give evidence that E∗ lies in a stationary point within a structurally stable window of the parameter space of the associated dynamical system. Furthermore, we introduce the flux exponent γ, which characterizes the global stretching property of a dynamical system. We compute γ for the associated dynamical system with different values of E. Our numerical results and heuristic arguments suggest that, in the limit of large l, the most probable state of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation occurs at the point of maximal γ, which corresponds to the value E∗ of the associated dynamical system. This conjecture links the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, which is equivalent to an infinite-dimensional dynamical system, to a three-dimensional dynamical system.
ω-6 lipids regulate PPAR turnover via reciprocal switch between PGC-1 alpha and ubiquitination.

Abstract Objective Dietary ω-6 lipids such as linoleic acid and its oxidized forms (13-HPODE OxLA) interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and elicit pro and anti-atherogenic effects in vascular cells. Ligand-dependent PPAR protein turnover is promoted by ubiquitination, but attenuated by binding to its co-activator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1α). The objective of our study was to investigate if the dual atherogenic effects of ω-6 lipids are due to its regulation of PPAR turnover. Methods and results In rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs), oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) at 10–50μM induced and stabilized PPARα protein at earlier time points (0–4h) but suppressed it at 12h. Conversely, it activated PPARγ protein turnover at a later time point (12h). Pre-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor (MG132) prevented OxLA mediated loss of PPAR stability and transactivity. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicated a ligand mediated time-dependent reciprocal exchange of PPAR interaction between ubiquitination and PGC-1α. This ω-6 lipid mediated time-dependent switch between PPAR degradation versus stability helped modulate the pro and anti-atherogenic effects of these dietary lipids. Conclusion Our findings provide insights into the dual pro and anti-atherogenic effects of dietary ω-6 lipids on vascular cells by the regulation of PPAR turnover.
Heuristics-based algorithm to dynamically adapt icon sizes and layouts on touch devices

This work1 provides an intelligent algorithm that analyzes the success (and failure) rate of a touch gesture in order to determine best size and layout of icons. Dynamic adaptation of icon size is done to best match device user's finger impression size resulting into reduction in failed tapings which would have otherwise occurred due to variations between icon size and finger's impression.Gravity of the said problem is analyzed by conducting a survey amongst 100 plus users. The implementation is also tested by building an android gaming application. The game is then released to limited set of users where dynamic icons sizes are generated based on user's score on successful taps on rapidly changing icons.
Pheromone-induced phosphorylation of a G protein β subunit in S. cerevisiae is associated with an adaptive response to mating pheromone

Abstract The mating pheromone response in S. cerevisiae is activated by a G protein-mediated signaling pathway in which G βγ is the active transducer of the signal. When exogenous pheromone is added to vegetatively growing cells, G β is rapidly phosphorylated at several sites; phosphorylation does not require de novo protein synthesis. A mutation in G β was constructed that eliminates signal-induced phosphorylation. This mutation leads to enhanced sensitivity to and impaired ability to recover from pheromone, but does not affect the ability of G βγ to transmit the mating signal. These phenotypes suggest that G protein phosphorylation mediates an adaptive response to pheromone-induced signaling. G β phosphorylation does not require either the pheromone receptor C-terminus or the product of the SST2 gene, both of which mediate separate adaptive responses to pheromone. However, G β phosphorylation is greatly facilitated by the presence of the G α subunit, which has also been shown to participate in an adaptation to pheromone.
The EAP/Behavioral Health Carve-Out Connection

Abstract This study examines the prevalence, characteristics, and interrelationship of Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) and managed behavioral health care insurance benefits (“carve-outs”). Based on our survey of Fortune 500 firms regarding 1999 behavioral health arrangements, over 90% had an EAP (typically externally contracted) and over one-third had a behavioral health carve-out. EAP arrangement (internal, separate contract, integrated contract) was associated with EAP benefit level. EAPs and carve-outs are interrelated in some important ways, though not in outpatient benefit levels. Both can offer substantial benefits to workers and their dependents, and are particularly important during this time of unusual stresses.
The application of ridit analysis to detect trends in visibility

Abstract Some of the undesirable features of the flux method of visibility analysis are discussed and a new method for analyzing trends in visibility is formally developed and illustrated with an application of the method to long-term visibility data for three locations in Oregon's Willamette Valley. The method, which is based on a statistical technique known as ridit analysis, is shown to provide summary statistics that have a meaningful and easily understood statistical interpretation.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SINGLE STEM ROSE PRODUCTION — PART II: IMPLEMENTATION AND FIELD EVALUATION

Field evaluations of knowledge-based control systems (KBS) for single stem rose production were performed. Two fuzzy inference systems (FIS) for automated selection of daytime and nighttime temperature were incorporated into the design of the integrated environmental control systems. Assessments of systems’ operational characteristics for daytime and nighttime temperature settings, single stem rose performance, and potential supplemental heating energy savings were performed over three consecutive crops. It was found that the KBS is capable of making a critical decision for daytime temperature settings based on the principle of economic optimization. Single stem roses produced by the KBS were graded by stem length. Overall crop quality was in the medium to high grades for the first two tests and poor for the last test. From the investigations, it was learned that undesirable low daytime temperature and light level during plant establishment promotes flower bud abortion. Potential benefits of heating energy savings using the KBS were estimated compared to a blueprint set point schedule (21°C). A moderate reduction in heating energy costs could be realized by using the KBS. The new method demonstrated the success of incorporating a FIS into decision support for daily environment control decisions, where conflicting economic goals must be dynamically re-evaluated as crop conditions and weather vary.
Isolaton, partial purification and characterization of a potato peel glycoalkaloid glycosidase

The enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the rhamnose moieties fromα-chaconine were isolated and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation from the peels of Kennebec and Wauseon potatoes. Enzyme activity was found to be present in the 60 to 80% ammonium sulfate precipitate. Enzyme activity was increased by the use of non-ionic detergents with a mixture of Triton X-100:Triton CF-54 providing the greatest increase in activity. The pH and temperature optimums for the enzymes from both varieties were found to be 6.0 and 42 C, respectively. The route ofα-chaconine metabolism (either through B1-or B2-chaconine) was dependent upon incubation temperature. The effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity was determined for both varieties and the Kms calculated from Lineweaver-Burke double reciprocal plots. The Km values for the Kennebec and Wauseon rhamnosidases were found to be 9.2×10−4 and 1.7×10−5M, respectively.
Imagery processing and fear reduction during repeated exposure to two types of phobic imagery.

Abstract Speech anxious subjects repeatedly imagined each of 4 scenes described by either stimulus or stimulus + response imagery scripts. Physiological and self-report measures of fear and of imaginal qualities were obtained. Narrative reports of first and last presentations of each scene were content analyzed for amount and kind of detail reported. Heart rate declined in a smoother fashion over repetitions of scenes with stimulus scripts. Content analysis revealed that subjects in both conditions tended to include response detail in their reports. Changes in response detail over repetitions correlated significantly with both heart rate and subjective fear.
Febrile neutropenia, colony-stimulating factors and therapy: time for a new methodology?

The utilization of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) in febrile neutropenia has been controversial for many years. Berghmann et al.’s meta-analysis again demonstrates that G-CSF does not have an impact on mortality in febrile neutropenia, because the depth and duration of neutropenia in the trials are variable. Also, with mortality from febrile neutropenia less than 15%, any further study would require a vast number of patients to demonstrate a difference in mortality. The Elting and Cantor review provides a new paradigm to studies in patients with febrile neutropenia. These authors recognize that cost, quality of life, life-years gained and adverse events experienced with new therapies should be evaluated, in addition to the standard measures of infection resolution and related mortality. Therefore, for the evaluation of new therapeutic interventions, a consensus on stratified risk factors or the use of an already established model could provide end-points with comparable measurements.
Photoluminescence in heavily doped Si: B and Si: As

Abstract We report the results of low-temperature photoluminescence measurements on a series of heavily-doped Si: As and Si: B samples. New spectra are obtained for very high doping levels (1019 2- 1020 cm-3), and the results for the more lightly doped samples are found to be in good agreement with previously published data. By comparing the luminescence of a Si: As sample before and after partial compensation with B, we verify that minority carriers can be localized even in “metallic” samples.
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Inoculated Macaques Acquire Mycobacterium avium from Potable Water during AIDS

During the terminal stages of AIDS, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is the most common disseminated bacterial infection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) experimentally inoculated with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The source of mycobacterial infection in 15 SIV-inoculated rhesus macaques housed in a biolevel 3 containment facility was investigated using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction typing technique. Six animal isolates had banding profiles identical to that of 1 environmental isolate obtained from the facility's water distribution system. An additional 6 isolates had banding profiles differing by the addition or loss of one or two bands from this and 1 other water isolate. These findings indicate that potable water may serve as a significant source of mycobacterial infection in SIV-inoculated macaques and suggest that strategies to prevent exposure to mycobacteria within potable water should be investigated as a method to prevent mycobacteriosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.
An analysis of the incidence of myocardial metastasis from solid cancers

Metastasis to the heart is compared with that to other target sites in terms of incidence, tissue susceptibility, and cancer cell injury within the microcirculation. At necropsy the myocardium is the sixth most common site for arterial metastasis among eight target organs in ten different types of disseminated primary cancer. However, the metastatic efficiency index (incidence/blood flow) indicates that the myocardium is no less susceptible to metastatis per unit of cancer cells delivered than most other sites examined. The analyses also indicate that cancer cells causing myocardial metastasis are mainly derived from metastatic or primary tumours in the lungs. Experiments on laboratory animals suggest that the failure to develop myocardial metastasis in 80 to 98% of patients with metastatic cancer is at least partially due to lethal, deformation-associated, mechanical damage inflicted on cancer cells trapped within the myocardial microvasculature.
Personality and predictions of psychosis in adolescence

This paper reviews the major epidemiologic studies of childhood and adolescent social, behavioral, and personality abnormalities in schizophrenia. Social abnormalities, behavioral impairments, and abnormal personality are already evident in the premorbid stage of the disorder. These abnormalities are not secondary to psychotic symptoms, intellectual impairments, or socioeconomic status, and may therefore act as risk factors for schizophrenia. Nevertheless, low specificity of these associations and poor predictive value make it difficult, at this point, to utilize such markers for early detection or prevention.
A Tutorial Introduction to Autonomous Systems

Abstract This paper presents a tutorial-level introduction to the technical aspects of unmanned autonomous systems. We emphasize a system engineering perspective on the conceptual design and integration of both the components used in unmanned systems, including the locomotion, sensors, and computing systems needed to provide inherent autonomy capability, and the algorithms and architectures needed to enable control and autonomy, including path-tracking control and high-level planning strategies. Concepts are illustrated using case study examples from robotic and unmanned system developed by the author and his colleagues.
Separable-Expansion Method for the Three-Nucleon System

A previously developed separable expansion for the two-particle $T$ matrix is applied to calculating the properties of the three-nucleon system, using spin-dependent static central potentials. The force model is identical to one that was previously employed by Brayshaw and Buck. Results are presented for the triton binding energy, the doublet and quartet scattering lengths, and for the doublet and quartet $s$-wave phase shifts below and above the three-body breakup threshold. It is found that two or three terms of the expansion in each two-particle spin state give satisfactory convergence in the doublet state of the three-nucleon system. Only one term is needed for the quartet state. The over-all agreement with experiment is good, but some possibly significant discrepancies are found between the theoretical and experimental quartet phase shifts above the breakup threshold. Also, it is shown that a two-particle $T$ matrix or an approximation to one which satisfies the off-shell unitarity relation and has the correct behavior at the bound-state poles leads to three-particle scattering amplitudes which satisfy the three-particle off-shell unitarity relations. The proof does not depend on the existence of a two-particle energy-independent Hermitian potential.
Effect of medium dependent binding energies on inferring the temperatures and freeze-out density of disassembling hot nuclear matter from cluster yields

We explore the abundance of light clusters in asymmetric nuclear matter at subsaturation density. With increasing density, binding energies and wave functions are modified due to medium effects. The method of Albergo, Costa, Costanzo, and Rubbino (ACCR) for determining the temperature and free nucleon density of a disassembling hot nuclear source from fragment yields is modified to include, in addition to Coulomb effects and flow, also effects of medium modifications of cluster properties, which become of importance when the nuclear matter density is above ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3} {\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We show how the analysis of cluster yields, to infer temperature and nucleon densities, is modified if the shifts in binding energies of in medium clusters are included. Although, at low densities, the temperature calculated from given yields changes only modestly if medium effects are taken into account, larger discrepancies are observed when the nucleon densities are determined from measured yields.
ISOLATION OF "LIPOPEPTIDES" FROM HEN OVIDUCT.

Abstract The isolation of two apparent lipopeptides from hen oviduct is described. It was found that fatty acids and amino acids were liberated from these compounds by hydrolysis. Arachidonic acid was particularly prominent in the hydrolysate of one, and palmitic acid in the hydrolysate of the other. The isolation serves as a basis for further metabolic experiments which are described in an accompanying paper.
Nonlinear Physics-model-based Actuator Trajectory Optimization for Advanced Scenario Planning in the DIII-D Tokamak

Abstract Extensive research has been conducted to find operating scenarios that optimize the plasma performance in nuclear fusion tokamak devices with the goal of enabling the success of the ITER project. The development, or planning, of these advanced scenarios is traditionally investigated experimentally by modifying the tokamak's actuator trajectories, such as the auxiliary heating/current-drive (H&CD) scheme, and analyzing the resulting plasma evolution. In this work, a numerical optimization algorithm is developed to complement the experimental effort of advanced scenario planning in the DIII-D tokamak. Two properties related to the plasma stability and performance are the safety factor profile ( q -profile) and the normalized plasma beta ( β N ). The optimization algorithm goal is to design actuator trajectories that steer the plasma to a target q -profile and plasma β N , such that the achieved state is stationary in time, subject to the plasma dynamics (described by a physics-based, nonlinear, control-oriented partial differential equation model) and practical plasma state and actuator constraints, such as the maximum available amount of H&CD power. This defines a nonlinear, constrained optimization problem that we solve by employing sequential quadratic programming. The optimized trajectories are then tested through simulation with the physics-based model and experimentally in DIII-D.
Dust inhalation in relation to pulmonary disease.

There are a number of types of pulmonary pathology which can be caused by the inhalation of excessive quantities of particulate matter, varying from specific fibrotic reactions with a characteristic picture to an increased incidence of a form of pathology usually considered non-industrial in origin. Size, composition and structure of the particles are all factors determining the nature of the response. Pathological reactions generally result when the capacity of the filtering and phagocytizing mechanisms of the respiratory tract are exceeded. These reactions may be fibrotic, inflammatory, degenerative, allergic, carcinogenic or merely mechanical impairment of function. The best known cause of pneumoconiosis is free crystalline silica, but amorphous silica, silicates, and even silicon carbide have been shown to exert deleterious effects. Coal dust, certain metals, and a few organic compounds, have also been indicated as the cause of specific lung pathology. A careful evaluation of both the clinical picture and the occupational history is necessary in every case of chronic pulmonary disease to rule out a possible etiological or aggravating factor in the patient's working environment, and to ensure an optimum prognosis by eliminating all future exposure to any harmful atmospheric agents found.
An intramolecular oxenoid oxidation

Abstract Photooxidation of diphenyldiazomethane and 9-diazofluorene leads to the intramolecular oxenoid oxidation products, o -hydroxybenzophenone and 1-hydroxyfluorenone, respectively.
Outcomes after radiation therapy with concurrent weekly platinum-based chemotherapy or every-3–4-week 5-fluorouracil-containing regimens for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva

Abstract Objective To compare outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva treated with radiation (RT) and concurrent weekly platinum-based or every-3–4-week regimens containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Methods Records of 44 patients with vulvar SCC treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation (chemoRT) from 1988 to 2008 were reviewed. Rates of disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastases (DM) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results The median age was 63years (range, 44–90), 84.1% of patients had ECOG performance status 0–1, and patients had FIGO Stage II ( n =6), III ( n =31), or IVA ( n =7) disease. Patients were treated preoperatively ( n =10), postoperatively ( n =10), or without surgery ( n =24). The median RT dose to the vulva was 50.2 Gray (range, 22–75). Concurrent chemotherapy regimens included weekly platinum ( n =16) or every 3–4week regimens with 5-FU as the backbone ( n =28). With a median follow-up of 31.5months, there was no significant difference in 2-year OS (74.5% vs. 70.0%; p =0.65), DFS (61.9% vs. 56.0%; p =0.85), LRR (31.3% vs. 32.9%; p =0.93), or DM (6.3% vs. 10.6%; p =0.81) between the weekly platinum and every-3–4-week 5-FU regimens. Twenty patients (45.4%) recurred: 16 LRR, 2 DM, and 2 with both. The clinical and pathologic complete response rates were 58.8% (20/34), and 53.8% (14/26), respectively. There was a higher proportion of grade 3 or higher acute non-skin toxicities in patients receiving every-3–4-week 5-FU (46.1% vs. 13.3%; p =0.07), but more grade 3 or higher skin toxicity in patients receiving weekly platinum (62.5% vs. 32.0%; p =0.01). Conclusion OS, response rates, and recurrence rates were not significantly different after RT with concurrent weekly platinum-based versus every-3–4-week regimens containing 5-FU for vulvar SCC.
Influence of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Synthetic Coal Slag Infiltration into Porous Al2O3 Refractory

The infiltration characteristics of synthetic coal slag into Al2s3 refractory material with a temperature gradient induced along the slag’s penetration direction were investigated with respect to time and oxygen partial pressure of the experimental atmosphere. Synthetic slag, which is representative of an average of the ash contents from United States coal feedstock, was melted in either an oxidizing air atmosphere or a reducing CO/CO2 gas mixture with a ratio of 1.8. The experiments were conducted with a hot-face temperature of 1450°C, and the slags were deposited onto refractory samples in the same atmospheres as they were originally melted. A comparison between the infiltrations in the CO/CO2 and air atmospheres revealed that differences in oxygen partial pressure changed the mode in which the slag interacted with the refractory. While infiltrations in CO/CO2 atmosphere demonstrated elevated Al2O3 concentrations in the slag owing to refractory dissolution, infiltrations in air atmosphere showed enrichment of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the slag because iron-oxide from the slag incorporated into the corundum refractory. For both cases, the reactions led to increases in viscosity, but the effect was more profound in the air atmosphere, where penetrations were found to be shallower. The oxygen partial pressure’s influence on the slag’s composition, primarily with iron-oxide species, and on viscosity played a pivotal role in governing the effective penetration into the refractory.
STAT3 and p38 MAPK dependent VEGF production by bone marrow stem cells following stimulation with TNF or LPS

INTRODUCTION: Progenitor cells may in part mediate their beneficial effects, limit apoptosis, and modulate inflammation via production of local factors. Understanding the mechanisms by which they produce these factors is important to maximizing their benefit. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS): 1) activates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by STAT3 and p38 MAPK dependent mechanisms.
Trimming of damaged 3′ overhangs of DNA double-strand breaks by the Metnase and Artemis endonucleases

Both Metnase and Artemis possess endonuclease activities that trim 3′ overhangs of duplex DNA. To assess the potential of these enzymes for facilitating resolution of damaged ends during double-strand break rejoining, substrates bearing a variety of normal and structurally modified 3′ overhangs were constructed, and treated either with Metnase or with Artemis plus DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Unlike Artemis, which trims long overhangs to 4–5 bases, cleavage by Metnase was more evenly distributed over the length of the overhang, but with significant sequence dependence. In many substrates, Metnase also induced marked cleavage in the double-stranded region within a few bases of the overhang. Like Artemis, Metnase efficiently trimmed overhangs terminated in 3′-phosphoglycolates (PGs), and in some cases the presence of 3′-PG stimulated cleavage and altered its specificity. The nonplanar base thymine glycol in a 3′ overhang severely inhibited cleavage by Metnase in the vicinity of the modified base, while Artemis was less affected. Nevertheless, thymine glycol moieties could be removed by Metnase- or Artemis-mediated cleavage at sites farther from the terminus than the lesion itself. In in vitro end-joining systems based on human cell extracts, addition of Artemis, but not Metnase, effected robust trimming of an unligatable 3′-PG overhang, resulting in a dramatic stimulation of ligase IV- and XLF-dependent end joining. Thus, while both Metnase and Artemis are biochemically capable of resolving a variety of damaged DNA ends for the repair of complex double-strand breaks, Artemis appears to act more efficiently in the context of other nonhomologous end joining proteins.
Subspace clustering with dense representations

Unions of subspaces have recently been shown to provide a compact nonlinear signal model for collections of high-dimensional data, such as large collections of images or videos. In this paper, we introduce a novel data-driven algorithm for learning unions of subspaces directly from a collection of data; our approach is based upon forming minimum l2-norm (least-squares) representations of a signal with respect to other signals in the collection. The resulting representations are then used as feature vectors to cluster the data in accordance with each signal's subspace membership. We demonstrate that the proposed least-squares approach leads to improved classification performance when compared to state-of-the-art subspace clustering methods on both synthetic and real-world experiments. This study provides evidence that using least-squares methods to form data-driven representations of collections of data provide significant advantages over current methods that rely upon sparse representations.
A new method and instrument for touch and step voltage measurements

This paper describes a new method and instrument for measuring touch and step voltages near a grounding system, for example in and around a substation. The hardware, software, and testing procedures are an extension of the smart ground multimeter, developed under EPRI sponsorship. The instrument injects a transient electric current between the ground under testing and an auxiliary ground, and it measures ground potential differences (GPDs) at up to six locations. The GPD measurements are processed with software which rejects external noise using correlation methods. Subsequently, statistical estimation methods are used to extract the touch or step voltages from the thousands of measurement points normalized with the system short circuit capability. Knowledge of the short circuit capability of the substation allows the quick measurement of the touch and step voltages. >
Rapamycin Attenuates Load-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice

Background— Cardiac hypertrophy, or an increase in heart size, is an important risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a component of the insulin-phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, which is known to play a critical role in the determination of cell, organ, and body size. Methods and Results— To examine the role of mTOR in load-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we administered rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, to mice with ascending aortic constriction. Activity of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), an effector of mTOR, was increased by 3.8-fold in the aortic-constricted heart. Pretreatment of mice with 2 mg · kg−1 · d−1 of rapamycin completely suppressed S6K1 activation and S6 phosphorylation in response to pressure overload. The heart weight/tibial length ratio of vehicle-treated aortic-banded mice was increased by 34.4±3.6% compared with vehicle-treated sham-operated mice. Rapamycin suppressed the load-induced increase in heart weight by 67%. Attenua...
Polar basal melting on Mars

The thermal requirements and implications of polar basal melting on Mars are discussed in detail. The composition, geology, origin, and evolution of the Martian polar terrains are summarized. Thermal calculations and flow calculations of the basal melt are discussed. The significance of the basal melting for the origin of major polar reentrants, the storage of an ancient Martian ice sheet, the mass balance of the polar terrain, and basal melting at temperate latitudes is examined.
Preparation and crystal structure of Ba2NF

Abstract Single crystalline Ba 2 NF was prepared by heating a mixture of KCuF 3 and Ba metal to 900°C under dynamic flow of N 2 , followed by slow cooling from the melt. Crystals of Ba 2 NF were dark violet in color and very air sensitive. X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that Ba 2 NF is isostructural with rocksalt-type BaO, and has space group Fm -3 m (No. 225) with cell parameter of a =5.6796(19) A , Z =2. X-ray data was collected on a Bruker SMART APEX 4k CCD Single Crystal Diffractometer at 100 K, using Mo( K α ) radiation. Structure refinement was carried out by full-matrix least squares on F 2 on all data, to give R 1 =0.0194 (all data) and w R 2 =0.0433 for 3 parameters and 23 independent reflections. The final position assignments were analyzed via bond valence sum calculations.
Heat treating porcelain-enameled restorations.

Abstract Maximum physical properties of the restoration will be obtained by adding a heat treatment at the completion of the final firing cycle. This is accomplished by employing the following simple procedure. Upon completion of the glazing, remove the piece from the oven and place it under a covered glass. Next, allow the furnace to cool to 1,000 °F. At this time place the enameled restoration back into the furnace at this temperature for 15 minutes, followed again by cooling under glass. This procedure will routinely eliminate the variability or range in the physical properties of the cast piece which occurs after the method of firing as recommended by the manufacturer. In addition, the hardness properties exhibit a substantial increase.