cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controlling Height and Seedling Emergence of French Marigold and Celosia Plugs with Plant Growth Regulators

Abstract Soaking French marigold seeds in growth regulator solutions produced larger reductions in seedling height than foliar sprays. Seeds soaked in 1 to 5 ppm uniconazole solutions for 0.15, 5, or 45 min resulted in plants that were up to 23% shorter than controls at 30 DAS, whereas foliar applications of 10 to 20 ppm uniconazole solutions resulted in plants 18% shorter than controls at 14 DAS. French marigold seedlings from seeds soaked in 60 pm ancymidol for 5 or 45 min were 5 or 6%, respectively, shorter than controls. Foliar spray applications of 25 or 100 ppm ancymidol to French marigold seedlings resulted in plants 8% shorter than controls. Chlormequat solutions applied either as a seed soak (1000–5000 ppm) or foliar spray (500–3000 ppm) did not reduce French marigold seedling height. Emergence of French marigold seedlings from seeds soaked in uniconazole, ancymidol, or chlormequat solutions was not different from that of control seeds. No effect on seedling height or emergence was found when soa...
A Medical Student-Run Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic: One Institution's Experience.

This report examines the experience of one institution’s development of the first student-run psychiatry clinic that serves both adult and pediatric populations. The clinic is held weekly with pre-clinical and clinical medical student volunteers under the supervision of board-certified adult and child psychiatrists. The development and evolution of the clinic over time are evaluated with particular attention to obstacles overcome. Medical student volunteers were surveyed retrospectively to evaluate their experience with patients with psychiatric illness, skill development, and interest in psychiatry. Since January 2016, the clinic has scheduled 90 patients, 32% of which were pediatric patients. Ninety-six medical students have volunteered, with roughly equal parts from all four medical school classes. Respondents to the experience survey showed marked improvement in their comfort working with patients with mental illness. Additionally, 40% “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that their experience influenced their interest in pursuing psychiatry as a career. This report describes a student-run psychiatry clinic with a dual mission of education and service, and the challenges associated with these sometimes competing goals. This clinic serves a vital need within our community and may be an example of the role that student-run clinics can have in fostering interdisciplinary care, psychiatric recruitment, and training for medical students.
Tag effects on prespawn mortality of Chinook Salmon: A field experiment using PIT tags, radio transmitters, and untagged controls

AbstractWe conducted a field experiment to test the hypothesis that intragastric radio-tagging contributed to increased prespawn mortality (PSM) of adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) after collection and transport to spawning sites above high-head hydroelectric dams. We assessed PSM rates of 970 wild and hatchery Chinook Salmon collected during trap-and-haul operations that were released untagged, tagged with PIT tags only, or double-tagged with PIT tags and radio transmitters, and then recovered as carcasses in two Willamette River (Oregon) tributaries from 2009–2015. Results revealed no evidence PSM rates were higher in PIT-tagged samples compared to untagged (but not unhandled) control samples. PSM rates in double-tagged samples were variable among years and between locations and indicated that radio-tagging effects were absent or small in effect size, on average, within each population. While we did not detect a consistent negative double-tagging effect across locations and years, results...
Mental Health Risk Adjustment with Clinical Categories and Machine Learning.

OBJECTIVE To propose nonparametric ensemble machine learning for mental health and substance use disorders (MHSUD) spending risk adjustment formulas, including considering Clinical Classification Software (CCS) categories as diagnostic covariates over the commonly used Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) system. DATA SOURCES 2012-2013 Truven MarketScan database. STUDY DESIGN We implement 21 algorithms to predict MHSUD spending, as well as a weighted combination of these algorithms called super learning. The algorithm collection included seven unique algorithms that were supplied with three differing sets of MHSUD-related predictors alongside demographic covariates: HCC, CCS, and HCC + CCS diagnostic variables. Performance was evaluated based on cross-validated R2 and predictive ratios. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Results show that super learning had the best performance based on both metrics. The top single algorithm was random forests, which improved on ordinary least squares regression by 10 percent with respect to relative efficiency. CCS categories-based formulas were generally more predictive of MHSUD spending compared to HCC-based formulas. CONCLUSIONS Literature supports the potential benefit of implementing a separate MHSUD spending risk adjustment formula. Our results suggest there is an incentive to explore machine learning for MHSUD-specific risk adjustment, as well as considering CCS categories over HCCs.
Certification Using Newton-Invariant Subspaces

For a square system of analytic equations, a Newton-invariant subspace is a set which contains the resulting point of a Newton iteration applied to each point in the subspace. For example, if the equations have real coefficients, then the set of real points form a Newton-invariant subspace. Starting with any point for which Newton’s method quadratically converges to a solution, this article uses Smale’s \(\alpha \)-theory to certifiably determine if the corresponding solution lies in a given Newton-invariant subspace or its complement. This approach generalizes the method developed in collaboration with F. Sottile for deciding the reality of the solution in the special case that the Newton iteration defines a real map. A description of the implementation in alphaCertified is presented along with examples.
Regression-Based Weighting of Items on Standardized Patient Checklists

The use of checklists for scoring standardized patient evaluations reduces the rating task to recording whether a defined behaviour was or was not displayed. Although this may enhance objectivity, checklist-based scoring has the potential limitation that it may fail to account for the complexity of the judgment process used by experts. Minimally, it is clear that experts may consider the behaviours represented by some checklist items to be more important than others. The research described in this paper examines the potential to increase the correspondence between checklist scores and clinician ratings by weighting checklist items using regression-derived item weights. Results show that the expected increase in correspondence between checklist scores and clinician ratings occurred for all cases in which the correlation between the unweighted checklist scores and the ratings was less than. 92. Cross-validation of the results with an independent set of ratings is provided as are generaliz-ability analyses of the ratings, weighted, and unweighted scores.
The Swami Circuit: Mapping the Terrain of Early American Yoga

This article provides an overview to what the author has termed “early American yoga,” yoga as it was understood in the United States from the late-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Using a combination of primary sources, archival materials, and popular writing from the period, it offers a detailed and data-based understanding of the first half of yoga’s history in the United States by describing what yoga was, where and how it was taught, and who its teachers and students were during this time. It argues that early American yoga was not physical or postural, but primarily mental and magical. Early American yoga was not centered on books or specific figures, but rather upon an active and widespread network of travelling teachers who gave tiered levels of instruction through public lectures, private classes, and dyadic relationships. Teachers of yoga were overwhelmingly of a type — educated, cultured, and professionally savvy — and students were largely female, affluent, and invested in American metaphysical religion. The article concludes with a reappraisal of the historical importance given to the figures of Vivekananda and Yogananda and suggests that their careers and legacies in the United States are best understood within this larger context of early American yoga.
Ultrafast proton-assisted tunneling through ZrO2 in dye-sensitized SnO2-core/ZrO2-shell films

Core-shell architectures are used to modulate injection and recombination in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we demonstrate that exposing SnO2-core/ZrO2-shell films to acid permits ...
Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase of Neurosporacrassa

Abstract Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase activity can be demonstrated in extracts of Neurospora crassa . The activity is particulate, has a pH optimum of 7.4, and consists of two forms that have different cAMP binding constants. Methylxanthines, inorganic phosphate, and EDTA are inhibitors of the diesterase as are ATP, ADP, and 8-bromo-cAMP. The enzymatic activity is stimulated by histamine and imidazole. These properties suggest that the Neurospora enzyme is more closely related to the mammalian than to bacterial cAMP phosphodiesterases.
Fluorogenic fibrinogen and fibrin facilitate macromolecular assembly and dynamic assay of picomolar levels of plasminogen activators under well mixed conditions

Fibrinogen labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was tested for its ability to serve as a template for macromolecular assembly as well as to provide a fluorogenic signal to allow continuous monitoring of plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis. As dilute solutions of FITC-fibrinogen or FITC-fibrin fiber suspension were degraded during lysis, release of fluorescent fragments abolished proximity-based quenching and resulted in a 2.0- or 3.6-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, respectively. Addition of plasmin at a final concentration of 10 pM to FITC-fibrinogen (10 nM) produced a detectable level of fluorescence dequenching. The assay had sufficient sensitivity to detect plasmin activity in the presence of excess antiplasmin activity, indicating the dissociation of a reversible antiplasmin-plasmin complex. The detection limit of the reaction assay was 20 pM and 200 pM of recombinant tPA and urokinase, using 10 nM FITC-fibrin and 10 nM and 5 nM plasminogen, respectively. The 10-fold greater sensitivity of the assay for tPA was likely due to the molecular assembly of tPA and plasminogen on the FITC-fibrin. Addition of thrombin (1 U/ml) and plasmin (0.1 nM) to 10 nM FITC-fibrinogen produced fluorescence quenching at first due to fibrinogen polymerization followed by dequenching due to fibrinolysis. Addition of 10 mM epsilon-aminocaproic acid to mixtures of thrombin and plasmin allowed the quenching assay of thrombin activity in the presence of active plasmin. FITC-fibrinogen could be copolymerized with recalcified platelet poor plasma (isolated from citrated whole blood) to yield fibrin that was fluorogenic. Dequenching was observed when plasmin was used to degrade the fibrin formed from the platelet poor plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Selected Precious-Metal Occurrences in the Lesser Antilles

Significant quantities of gold and silver are being produced from epithermal deposits in the Greater Antilles and, although there are no known precious-metal ore deposits in the Lesser Antilles, there is potential for finding bulk minable deposits. The prospects and deposits in the Caribbean island arc can be roughly classified into five major groups: volcanic-hosted epithermal gold, sedimentary-rock-hosted skarns adjacent to granitic plutons, chemical precipitates in volcanic and sedimentary rock, gold-rich porphyry copper deposits, and placer deposits. Ages of mineralization span the geologic history of the island arc systems in which they occur. The hornfels-skarn gold prospects on St. Barthelemy may be as old as Eocene, the breccia-pipe controlled mineralization on Antigua is likely Pliocene, and the epithermal hot-spring systems on St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, Montserrat, Nevis, and other islands range in age from Cretaceous to Recent. Major mineralized areas in the Dominican Republic and S t. Lucia appear to be coprecipitated with the reduced facies sedimentary and volcanic rocks; an occurrence on St. Johns and several of the deposits described in Haiti are reported to be volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Although placer deposits were of economic significance during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, they are less important today.
ATP permeabilization of the plasma membrane.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the practical aspects and the uses of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) permeabilization as an investigative tool. Permeabilization of the plasma membrane by extracellular ATP offers a rapid and simple method for introducing small membrane-impermeant molecules into the cytoplasmic matrix of susceptible cells. Mouse macrophages, transformed mouse fibroblasts, rat mast cells, and neuroblastoma cell lines can be permeabilized by ATP, whereas human neutrophils and untransformed fibroblasts cannot. Permeabilization by ATP can be rapidly reversed by removal or chelation of ATP; however, cells may not regain normal morphology and cytosolic ionic composition for 30–60 minutes after reversal of permeabilization. Permeabilization by ATP has already been used successfully to study cell function after introduction of nucleotide analogs, calcium buffers, and fluorescent dyes into the cytoplasmic matrix, and may provide opportunities for similar studies in other cell types as well.
Singular Limits for Impulsive Lagrangian Systems with Dissipative Sources

Consider a mechanical system, described by finitely many Lagrangian coordinates. Assume that an external controller can influence the evolution of the system by directly assigning the values of some of the coordinates. If these assignments are implemented by means of frictionless constraints, one obtains a set of ordinary differential equations where the right hand side depends also on the time derivatives of the control functions. Some basic aspects of the mathematical theory for these equations are reviewed here. We then consider a system with an additional dissipative term, which vanishes on a stable submanifold N. As the coefficient of the source term approaches infinity, we show that the limiting impulsive dynamics on the reduced state space N can be modelled by two different systems, depending on the order in which two singular limits are taken. These results are motivated by the analysis of impulsive systems with non-holonomic constraints.
Silicon nitride matrix composites with unidirectional silicon carbide whisker reinforcement

SiC whisker reinforced Si3N4 was fabricated by fiber extrusion and hot pressing. SiC whiskers were unidirectionally oriented in a carrier fiber. The fibers containing the oriented whiskers were hot pressed in Si3N4 powder to form a SiCw/Si3N4 composite with approximately 5 volume% whiskers. SEM micrographs were image processed to quantify whisker orientations in the extruded fiber and the composite. Oriented whiskers contributed to nominal increase in fracture strength over monolithic samples before and after thermal shock testing from 500, 600 and 700°C.
Spontaneous speech consolidation for spoken language applications.

This paper describes the work done as a part of the International Workshop on Speech Summarization for Information Extraction and Machine Translation (IWSpS) , on spoken language processing including summarization, machine translation and question answering on lecture speech in the Translanguage English Database (TED) corpus . The hypotheses of lecture speech obtained by automatic speech recognition (ASR) system are ill-formed due to the spontaneity of speakers and recognition errors. The overall performance of spoken language processing components is affected by the errors introduced by the ASR system. In order to get more reliable phrases which maintain the original meaning and contribute positively to the total performance of the spoken language system, this paper proposes a consolidation fram ework. The consolidation approach extracts words by excluding redundant and irrelevant information and concatenating words so as to maintain the original meaning. Automatic consolidation performance is evaluated by comparing with manual consolidation by humans using a word accuracy metric . Our approach gives 58% accuracy on ASR output with 70% word accuracy.
The Development and Validation of the Attitudinal Learning Inventory (ALI): A Measure of Attitudinal Learning and Instruction.

In this paper, we present the development and validation of a new measure of attitudinal learning—the Attitudinal Learning Inventory (ALI). While specific scales are available for measuring attitudes, they largely focus on established attitudes, not the impact of instruction on those attitudes. We developed the inventory with two explicit objectives: (1) to measure a broad range of attitude constructs representing a holistic view of attitudinal learning and instruction; and (2) to facilitate the measurement of attitudinal learning that can be useful for educational researchers beyond traditional metrics. The ALI was developed and validated across two samples of a total of 1009 participants with diverse demographics. The ALI comprises 15 scale items and exhibited good psychometric properties and conformed to the theoretical four-dimensional structure of attitudinal learning: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and social. The ALI was also shown to correlate with behavioral metrics of class engagement. Future uses of the new measure are discussed. Participants were taken from entirely online populations, and while demographically diverse, implementation of the scale with face-to-face instruction, in varied settings, and across different groups of learners is needed to provide additional evidence of its intended generalizability and consider possible biases.
Biased Clocks: A Novel Approach to Improve the Ability To Perform Predicate Detection with O(1) Clocks

In this paper, we present the notion of biased hybrid logical clocks (\(BHLC\)). These clocks are intended to improve the ability of a distributed system to perform predicate detection with just O(1) sized clocks. In traditional logical clocks (or hybrid logical clocks, their extension), the only way to guarantee that two events are concurrent is by checking if their clock values are equal. By contrast, biased clocks provide a window where this guarantee is provided. We validate our intuition that these biased clocks substantially improve the ability to successfully detect a given predicate with just O(1) sized clock. In particular, for many scenarios, we show that biased clocks improve the ability to detect predicates by 100–200 times when compared to standard hybrid logical clocks.
RU Sustainable: Collective Impact for the Global Goals

Abstract RU Sustainable events, held across the state of New Jersey, bring together students, faculty, staff, and local community representatives, including businesses, government, and nonprofits, ...
PCB-METAL: A PCB Image Dataset for Advanced Computer Vision Machine Learning Component Analysis

We introduce PCB-METAL, a printed circuit board (PCB) high resolution image dataset that can be utilized for computer vision and machine learning based component analysis. The dataset consists of 984 high resolution images of 123 unique PCBs with bounding box annotations for ICs(5844), Capacitors(3175), Re-sistors(2670), and Inductors(542). The dataset is useful for image-based PCB analysis such as component detection, PCB classification, circuit design extraction, etc. We also provide baseline evaluations for IC detection and localization on state-of-the-art deep learning object detection algorithms.
Laser Finishing of Textile Materials: Developments at ITMA 2019

This paper focuses on developments in laser systems designed for textile and product finishing and embellishment that were shown at ITMA 2019. Though lasers for finishing also commonly have cutting capability, they excel in rapid and flexible distressing and embellishing offering fast and precise engraving and marking effects. At ITMA 2019, most laser finishing system concepts introduced focused on design capability, productivity and a systems approach to sustainability, particularly in denim processing. Lasers also have the capacity to produce an extensive range of finishing effects that would otherwise require the application of multiple chemical and mechanical finishing processes using several different pieces of equipment, making them versatile as well as eco-friendly.
The Influence of Working and Protective Grounding on Submarine Cable in AC Withstand Voltage Test

The grounding technique is one of the important measures to protect the personal safety and reliable operation of electricity equipment in electric power system. Nowadays, the protection grounding, working grounding and lightning protection grounding are widely used in high voltage equipment. This paper is based on 500kV XLPE insulated submarine cable in Zhoushan transmission project. In order to get the influence of working and protective grounding on submarine cable in AC voltage withstand voltage test, theoretical analysis and experimental application are combined to analyze. The advantages and disadvantages of independent grounding and also common grounding are discussed in this paper. The results show common grounding fully meets the long submarine cable line AC withstands voltage test requirements.
Harlem's ‘motherwork’ post-Brown: implications for urban school leaders

The recent calls to desegregate New York City's public schools reify the fact that equity, social justice, and access to meaningful schooling continue to be a significant problem for Black and Hisp...
Identifying Pareto-based solutions for regression subset selection via a feasible solution algorithm

The concept of Pareto optimality has been utilized in fields such as engineering and economics to understand fluid dynamics and consumer behavior. In machine learning contexts, Pareto-optimality has been used to identify tuning parameters that best optimize a set of m criteria (multi-objective optimization). During the process of regression model selection, data scientists are often concerned with choosing a model which has the best single criterion (e.g., Akaike information criterion (AIC) or R-squared ( $$R^2$$ )) before continuing to check a number of other regression model characteristics (e.g., model size, form, diagnostics, and interpretability). This strategy is multi-objective in nature but single objective in its numeric execution. This paper will first introduce a feasible solution algorithm (FSA) and explain how it can be applied to multi-objective problems for regression subset selection. Then we introduce the general framework of Pareto optimality within the regression setting. We then apply the algorithm in a simulation setting where we seek to estimate the first four Pareto boundaries for regression models using two model fit criteria. Finally, we present an application where we use a US communities and crime dataset.
Personalized learning and ESSA: What we know and where we go

The passage of the 2015, Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), affords states funding for many new options to address the needs of learners. One of the prominent options is personalized learning (PL)....
Physician-directed smoking cessation using patient "opt-out" approach in the emergency department: A pilot program.

Objective Using a physician-directed, patient "opt-out" approach to prescriptive smoking cessation in the emergency department (ED) setting, we set out to describe patient actions as they related to smoking cessation behaviors. Methods A convenience sample of smokers at 2 Pennsylvania hospital EDs who met inclusion/exclusion criteria were approached to participate in a brief intervention known as screening, treatment initiation, and referral (STIR) counseling that included phone follow-up. Demographic information, current smoking status, and specific physician prescription and follow-up recommendations were collected. Approximately 3 months later, patients were contacted to determine current smoking status and actions taken since their ED visit. Results One hundred six patients were approached and 7 (6.6%) opted out of the intervention. Patients who did not opt out were evaluated for appropriate use of smoking cessation-related medications; 35 (35.4%) opted out of the prescription(s) and 6 (6.1%) were not indicated. Twenty-one (21.2%) patients opted out of ambulatory referral follow-ups with primary care and/or tobacco treatment program; one (1.0%) was not indicated for referral. Nineteen (32.8%) patients who received prescription(s) for smoking cessation-related medications initially also followed the prescription(s). Seventeen (22.1%) patients participated in referral follow-up. Conclusion In this small ED pilot, using the STIR concepts in an opt-out method, few smokers opted out of the smoking cessation intervention. About one-third of the patients declined prescriptions for smoking cessation-related medications and less than one-quarter declined ambulatory referrals for follow-up. These findings support a willingness of patients to participate in STIR and the benefits of intervention in this setting.
P159 Participant Characteristics in a Community-Based Diabetes Education Program for South Asians

Background Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent among South Asians/Asian Indians (AI) in the US, but standard Diabetes Self-Management Programs (DSMP) do not address AI's cultural characteristics. There is a gap of knowledge about AI's nutrition- and healthcare-related behaviors that are likely to influence diabetes outcomes. Objective To describe nutrition and diabetes care-related characteristics of AI who participate in DSMP. Study Design, Setting, Participants Cross-sectional baseline data were collected through group-administered surveys among 40 AI adults prior to participating in community-based DSMP in New Jersey in 2019. Anthropometric data were measured by trained research staff. Measurable Outcome/Analysis DHQ III semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI) were used to measure dietary quality; Asian food preference at home was also collected. Diabetes care behaviors included measures such as 10-item diabetes self-efficacy scale, 4-item health distress scale (range: 0-5), 3-item scale for communications with doctors (range: 0-5), and 4-item social role-diabetes interference scale (range: 0-4). Body weight/height (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to characterize weight status. Descriptive results were calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results Most (83%) of the participants’ BMIs were in overweight/obese category (mean: 27.9 ± 4.7); 80% of participants had high risk WC. Mean HEI score (37.9 ± 13.7), intake of fruits (1.1 cups ± 1.6/d), vegetables (1.5 cups ± 1.4/d), and fiber (14.9g ± 13.8/d) were below recommended levels; 80% of participants preferred mostly/exclusively Asian foods at home. Diabetes self-efficacy was moderately high (mean: 7.4 ± 1.9); means for health distress (1.5 ± 1.3) and social role interference (1.7 ± 2.6) scores were moderately low, and communication (with doctors) score was 2.9 ± 1.2. Conclusions These results indicate a need to improve weight status and dietary quality, which are potential risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Future education programming should be tailored to address Asian dietary intake preferences and include strategies to improve health distress, social role interference, and communication with healthcare providers. Results will be used for culturally appropriate curriculum development and implementation for AI.
A novel small molecular inhibitor targets the MDM2-p53 interaction significantly reducing cell viability in both embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells with wild-type p53.

509 The interruption of p53’s role in apoptosis and DNA repair is known to be one of the major mechanisms by which cancer cells evade current therapy and continue to proliferate. When the normal balance between the MDM2 protein and p53 is disrupted, MDM2 upregulation specifically inhibits p53’s ability to activate appropriate signaling pathways and necessary cell death and/or repair. Targeting MDM2 specifically has shown promise for improvement in cancer therapy. By blocking the interaction between the abnormal MDM2 and wild-type p53 in cancer cells, reactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein function has led to successful cell death. MI-63 is a novel non-peptide small molecule that has shown strong binding affinity (Ki=3nM) for the MDM2 protein initiating an increase in p53 protein concentration and cell death in prostate cancer cell lines with wild-type p53. The effect of MI-63 on pediatric cancer cells and the specific mechanism of the tumor suppressor reactivation has not been evaluated. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma. Both subtypes, embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells with wild-type p53, RH36 and RH18 respectively, were cultured in RPMI. Multiple concentrations of MI-63 dissolved in DMSO, were added to cell cultures and cell viability was evaluated by MTT analysis at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Treatment with MI-63 at both 5 and 10µM concentrations was successful in reducing cell viability in both RH36 and RH18 cell lines in vitro. RH36 cells treated with 5µM MI-63 showed cell viability of 13.4% at 72 hours and RH18 cells treated similarly displayed a cell viability of
Non-isothermal General Ericksen–Leslie System: Derivation, Analysis and Thermodynamic Consistency

We derive a model describing the evolution of a nematic liquid–crystal material under the action of thermal effects. The first and second laws of thermodynamics lead to an extension of the general Ericksen–Leslie system where the Leslie stress tensor and the Oseen–Frank energy density are considered in their general forms. The work postulate proposed by Ericksen–Leslie is traduced in terms of entropy production.We finally analyze the global-in-time well-posedness of the system for small initial data in the framework of Besov spaces.
Bin Laden's War

The GWOT/Global Jihad is different from prior conflicts (including the ideological struggle of the Cold War), and these differences have important strategic consequences which are not reflected in current US policy. First, US strategy has proceeded on traditional, and inapposite, understandings of the politics that informs this war. Second, radical neofundamentalism is a new form of political organization, attuned to a globalized world, with a distinctive form of violence quite different from the violence organized by the bureaucratic apparatus of a modern professional military grounded in a nation state. Third, the politics of radical neofundamentalism has strategic consequences. On the one hand, there can be no political dialogue, no "battle of ideas," within bin Laden's paradigm. At the same time, bin Laden's war is unwinnable militarily, for the simple reason that any military success is interpreted as a further threat to the ummah, for which further terrorism is the response. Thus the strategic objective for the US is to cope with al-Qaeda while creating an environment in which alternative Islamic ideologies can supplant bin Laden's. Fourth, policies are proposed that would make the conduct of US military and diplomatic policy more suited to the present conflict.
Dr. Aziz Suryal Atiya and the Establishment of the Middle East Center and the Aziz S. Atiya Library for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Utah

Aziz Suryal Atiya was an Egyptian Coptic Studies expert, historian and orientalist specializing in the study of the Crusades era. He published several important books, including primarily The Crusades in the Later Middle Ages (1938). He contributed to the creation of the Institute of Coptic Studies in Cairo in the 1950s. He was also the originator and founder of the Middle East Center at the University of Utah, which today is one of the most important centers of wide science research on the Middle East. This article discusses the background and circumstances of the establishment of the Middle East Center and the Aziz S. Atiya Library for Middle Eastern Studies, both at the Univer­sity of Utah, which is the fifth largest institution of its kind in North America.
How to tackle variations in elite interviews: Access, strategies, and power dynamics:

Existing work on elite interviewing methods falls short in two ways: first, there is no systematic comparison between the practices of interviewing different elite groups; second, most reflections ...
The United States Department of Sustainability: Its Purpose and Moral Underpinnings

The United States Department of Sustainability does not exist yet, but culminating efforts of cities and states imply that its emergence could bolster their effects. This notion suggests that, whil...
Abstract 184: The utility of deep metric learning for breast cancer identification on mammographic images

Purpose: Although deep learning (DL) models have shown increasing ability to accurately classify diagnostic images in oncology, significantly large amounts of well-curated data are often needed to match human level performance. Given the relative paucity of imaging datasets for less prevalent cancer types, there is an increasing need for methods which can improve the performance of deep learning models trained using limited diagnostic images. Deep metric learning (DML) is a potential method which can improve accuracy in deep learning models trained on limited datasets. Leveraging a triplet-loss function, DML exponentially increases training data compared to a traditional DL model. In this study, we investigated the utility of DML to improve the accuracy of DL models trained to classify cancerous lesions found on screening mammograms. Methods: Using a dataset of 2620 lesions found on routine screening mammogram, we trained both a traditional DL and DML models to classify suspicious lesions as cancerous or benign. The VGG16 architecture was used as the basis for the DL and DML models. Model performance was compared by calculating model accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on a blinded test set of 378 lesions. In addition to individual model performance, we also measured agreement accuracy when both the DL and DML models were combined. Sub-analyses were conducted to identify phenotypes which were best suited for each model type. Both models underwent hyperparameters optimization to identify ideal batch size, learning rate, and regularization to prevent overfitting. Results: We found that the combination of the traditional DL model with DML model resulted in the highest overall accuracy (78.7%) representing a 7.1% improvement compared to the traditional DL model (p Conclusion: Our study suggests that addition of DML models with traditional DL models can improve diagnostic image classification performance in cancer. Our results suggest DML models may provide increased specificity and help with classification of unique populations often misclassified by traditional DL models. Further studied investigating the utility of DML on other cancer imaging tasks are necessary to successfully build more robust DL models in cancer imaging. Citation Format: Justin Du, Sachin Umrao, Enoch Chang, Marina Joel, Aidan Gilson, Guneet Janda, Rachel Choi, Yongfeng Hui, Sanjay Aneja. The utility of deep metric learning for breast cancer identification on mammographic images [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 184.
Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia.

ABSTRACT Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an integral component of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) immune evasion, chemotherapy resistance, and disease progression. PD-1 inhibitors are being investigated as treatment for AML in combination with hypomethylating agents and cytotoxic chemotherapy with encouraging findings. Although allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) remains the most established curative treatment for patients with relapsed and refractory AML in complete remission, there are limited data on the clinical outcomes and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) prior to alloSCT in AML. In the present study, we compared clinical outcomes of 9 patients with AML receiving high-dose cytarabine followed by pembrolizumab in a phase II clinical trial (NCT02768792) prior to alloSCT versus a historical control group of 18 AML patients who underwent alloSCT without prior ICI exposure. The nonparametric Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to test for a difference in the ordered severity categories of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) within 100 days of transplantation. Time-to-event estimates for overall survival and relapse-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a log-rank test. One-year survival was not significantly different between the treatment groups (67% versus 78%; P = .34). 100-day mortality was 0% in the ICI group versus 17% in the control group, and there was no increase in grade III-IV acute GVHD in patients treated with pembrolizumab prior to alloSCT. No chronic GVHD was seen in patients treated with pembrolizumab prior to alloSCT and who received post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as part of their conditioning regimen. These findings reinforce the safety and feasibility of ICI therapy prior to alloSCT in patients with AML, and suggest that PTCy may abrogate GVHD risk and severity in patients who receive ICI prior to undergoing alloSCT for AML.
Impaired increases in skin sympathetic nerve activity contribute to age-related decrements in reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction.

Key points The reduction in skin blood flow during whole-body cooling is impaired in healthy older adults. However, the relative contributions of altered skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), transduction of this efferent neural outflow to the cutaneous vasculature, and peripheral vascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli to the impaired reflex vasoconstrictor response to whole-body cooling in human ageing remain unclear. We report that the SSNA response to whole-body cooling is blunted in healthy older adults, and this attenuated sympathetic response is related to a marked impairment in reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction. Further, the reflex SSNA response to a non-thermoregulatory stimulus was preserved in older adults during cooling. We additionally show that cutaneous vascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli is not reduced in older adults. These results further our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying impaired thermal-cardiovascular integration in healthy ageing. Abstract Reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction is impaired in older adults; however, the relative roles of altered skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) and end-organ peripheral vascular responsiveness are unclear. We hypothesized that in older adults whole-body cooling would elicit a blunted SSNA response and cutaneous adrenergic responsiveness would be reduced. Twelve young adults (Y; 24 ± 1 years) and 12 older adults (O; 57 ± 2 years) participated in two protocols. In Protocol 1, SSNA (peroneal microneurography) and red cell flux in the affected dermatome (laser Doppler flowmetry; dorsum of foot) were measured during whole-body cooling (mean skin temperature (Tsk) 30.5°C; water-perfused suit). Mental stress was performed at mean Tsk 34.0°C (thermoneutral) and at 30.5°C. In Protocol 2, an intradermal microdialysis fibre was placed in the skin of the lateral calf for graded infusions of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) (NA; 10−12 to 10−2 m). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = flux/mean arterial pressure) was expressed as a change from baseline (ΔCVCbase). Vasoconstriction was attenuated in O. SSNA increased significantly during cooling in Y (+184 ± 37%; P 0.05). Mental stress at Tsk 30.5°C further increased SSNA in both groups. There was no age-related difference in adrenergic responsiveness to exogenous NA (logEC50: −6.41 ± 0.24 in Y, −6.37 ± 0.25 in O; P > 0.05). While the SSNA response to whole-body cooling is impaired with ageing, SSNA can be further increased by a non-thermoregulatory stimulus. Cutaneous adrenergic sensitivity is not reduced in O. These findings suggest that alterations in afferent signalling or central processing likely contribute to blunted SSNA responses to cooling and subsequent impairments in reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in ageing.
Cerium luminescence in nd0 perovskites

Abstract The luminescence of Ce 3+ in perovskite (ABO 3 ) hosts with nd 0 B-site cations, specifically Ca(Hf,Zr)O 3 and (La,Gd)ScO 3 , is investigated in this report. The energy position of the Ce 3+ excitation and emission bands in these perovskites is compared to those of typical Al 3+ perovskites; we find a Ce 3+ 5d 1 centroid shift and Stokes shift that are larger versus the corresponding values for the Al 3+ perovskites. It is also shown that Ce 3+ luminescence quenching is due to Ce 3+ photoionization. The comparison between these perovskites shows reasonable correlations between Ce 3+ luminescence quenching, the energy position of the Ce 3+ 5d 1 excited state with respect to the host conduction band, and the host composition.
Spin susceptibility of underdoped cuprate superconductors: Insights from a stripe-ordered crystal

We report a detailed study of the temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the spin susceptibility for a single crystal of ${\text{La}}_{1.875}{\text{Ba}}_{0.125}{\text{CuO}}_{4}$. From a quantitative analysis, we find that the temperature-dependent anisotropy of the susceptibility, observed in both the paramagnetic and stripe-ordered phases, directly indicates that localized Cu moments dominate the magnetic response. A field-induced spin-flop transition provides further corroboration for the role of local moments. Contrary to previous analyses of data from polycrystalline samples, we find that a commonly assumed isotropic and temperature-independent contribution from free carriers, if present, must be quite small. Our conclusion is strengthened by extending the quantitative analysis to include crystals of ${\text{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Ba}}_{x}{\text{CuO}}_{4}$ with $x=0.095$ and 0.155. On the basis of our results, we present a revised interpretation of the temperature and doping dependence of the spin susceptibility in ${\text{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{(\text{Sr},\text{Ba})}_{x}{\text{CuO}}_{4}$.
One-Dimensional Vanadium Oxide Chains Containing Covalently Bound Copper Coordination Complexes: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Cu(H2N(CH2)2NH2)[V2O6], Cu(C10H8N2)[V2O6], and Cu(C10H8N2)2[V2O6]

Abstract The hydrothermal reactions of CuCl2· 2H2O, V2O5, and bidentate amines (2,2′-dipyridyl or ethylenediamine) gave the three new one-dimensional (1-D) vanadium oxide chain compounds, Cu(H2N(CH2)2NH2)[V2O6], 1, Cu(C10H8N2)[V2O6], 2, and Cu(C10H8N2)2[V2O6], 3, which contain copper coordination complexes covalently bound to vanadium oxide chains. All were structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data are as follows: 1, monoclinic, space groupP21/n(No. 14) witha= 5.772(2) A,b= 8.143(3) A,c= 17.483(2) A, β = 90.43(2)°,Z= 4, ρcalc= 2.599 g/cm3, andR(Rw) = 0.029 (0.028); 2, triclinic, space groupP1 (No. 2) witha= 10.114(2) A,b= 10.839(3) A,c= 5.810(3) A, α = 94.75(3)°, β = 101.16(3)°, γ = 89.81(2)°,Z= 2, ρcalc= 2.27 g/cm3, andR(Rw) = 0.035 (0.044); 3, monoclinic, space groupP21/a(No. 14) witha= 10.478(2) A,b= 13.779(2) A,c= 14.513(3) A, β = 100.39(1)°,Z= 4, and ρcalc= 1.849 g/cm−3withR(Rw) = 0.033 (0.034). While compounds 1 and 2 contain almost identical 1-D metal oxide chains composed of corner-sharing VO4tetrahedra with one oxygen atom from each tetrahedron bound to the copper complex, complex 3 consists of 1-D chains with a Cu(C10H8N2)2fragment bonded to every other VO4. Temperature-dependent magnetic measurements of 1 exhibit a maximum at 20 K, while 2, which possesses well-separated Cu2+centers, displays Curie–Weiss behavior from 5 to 300 K.
Death certification errors at an academic institution.

Abstract Context.—The correctly completed death certificate provides invaluable personal, epidemiologic, and legal information and should be thorough and accurate. Death certification errors are common and range from minor to severe. Objective.—To determine the frequency and type of errors by nonpathologist physicians at a university-affiliated medical center. Design.—Fifty random patients were identified who died at this academic medical center between January 2002 and December 2003 and did not undergo an autopsy. From medical chart review, clinical summaries were produced. Two pathologists used these summaries to create mock death certificates. The original and mock death certificates were then compared to identify errors in the original certificate. Errors were graded on a I to IV scale, with grade IV being the most severe. Results.—Of the 50 death certificates reviewed, grade I, II, and III errors were noted in 72%, 32%, and 30%, respectively. Seventeen certificates (34%) had grade IV errors (wrong ca...
Mechanisms of Mouse Neural Precursor Expansion after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is the leading cause of brain damage resulting from birth complications. Studies in neonatal rats have shown that H-I acutely expands the numbers of neural precursors (NPs) within the subventricular zone (SVZ). The aim of these studies was to establish which NPs expand after H-I and to determine how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) insufficiency affects their response. During recovery from H-I, the number of Ki67+ cells in the medial SVZ of the injured hemisphere increased. Similarly, the number and size of primary neurospheres produced from the injured SVZ increased approximately twofold versus controls, and, upon differentiation, more than twice as many neurospheres from the damaged brain were tripotential, suggesting an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs). However, multimarker flow cytometry for CD133/LeX/NG2/CD140a combined with EdU incorporation revealed that NSC frequency diminished after H-I, whereas that of two multipotential progenitors and three unique glial-restricted precursors expanded, attributable to changes in their proliferation. By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different time courses, with LIF expression correlating best with NP expansion. Therefore, we evaluated the NP response to H-I in LIF-haplodeficient mice. Flow cytometry revealed that one subset of multipotential and bipotential intermediate progenitors did not increase after H-I, whereas another subset was amplified. Altogether, our studies demonstrate that neonatal H-I alters the composition of the SVZ and that LIF is a key regulator for a subset of intermediate progenitors that expand during acute recovery from neonatal H-I.