cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival following severe overdose with mexiletene, nifedipine, and nitroglycerine

Survival following attempted suicide in a 50-year-old man by ingestion of 12.4 g of mexiletine, 620 mg of nifedipine and 50 to 100 tablets of sublingual nitroglycerine 1:150 is reported. Initial presentation was that of mental obtundation, vomiting, tonic-clonic seizure, high-degree atrioventricular block, profound vasodilation and cardiovascular collapse. Treatment consisted of intravenous calcium gluconate and aggressive fluid management. Maintenance of cardiovascular stability required continuous infusion phenylephrine, dopamine and epinephrine. The patient made a full recovery and was medically discharged on the fourth hospital day. This case represents the largest overdose of mexiletine to date to end in patient survival.
Opioid receptor binding characteristics of the non-equilibrium μ antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA)☆

Abstract β-Funaltrexamine (β-FNA) bound to mouse brain membranes in a reversible and an irreversible (not removed by washing of the membrane) manner, and a portion of each type of binding was opioid-specific. Addition of 100 mM NaCl to the incubating medium enhanced the binding of β-FNA to membranes. Using membranes preincubated with β-FNA (1 μM) and then washed three times, the maximum number of binding sites available to [3H]morphine was markedly diminished whereas the affinity of morphine for binding sites was not significantly altered. The binding of [3H]naltrexone was also reduced markedly by β-FNA pretreatment. In similarly pretreated membranes, the binding of [3H]methionine enkephalin [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) or [3H]ethylketazocine was reduced to a smaller extent. Using brain membranes from mice pretreated with a single subcutaneous injection of β-FNA (100 mg/kg) 48 h prior to use, the binding of [3H]methionine enkephalin was unaffected whereas the number of binding sites available to [3H]morphine was significantly reduced. The inhibition by various ligands of the reversible binding of [3H]β-FNA resembled the relative ability of the same ligands to inhibit the binding of [3H]ethylketazocine. It was concluded that the irreversible portion of the binding of β-FNA demonstrates a selectivity for μ over δ binding sites, and that the reversible portion of the binding of β-FNA demonstrates a selectivity for κ binding sites over μ or δ binding sites. As such, the binding characteristics of β-FNA are consistent with its profile in vivo and in isolated tiussue studies in vitro.
Decomposition strategy for designing flexible chemical plants

One of the main computational problems faced in the optimal design of flexible chemical plants with multi-period operation is the large number of decision variables that are involved in the corresponding nonlinear programming formulation. To overcome this difficulty, a decomposition technique based on a projectionrestriction strategy is suggested to exploit the block-diagonal structure in the constraints. Successful application of this strategy requires an efficient method to find an initial feasible point, and the extension of current equation ordering algorithms for adding systematically inequality constraints that become active. General trends in the performance of the proposed decomposition technique are presented through an example.
Magnetic lineations of early Cretaceous age in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean

Abstract Magnetic anomaly lineations just north of the Phoenix Islands in the western equatorial Pacific trend N 80° E for over 1400 km. They are off-set 180 km left-laterally along an interior fracture zone and truncated to the west by another zone. It is not clear how they are terminated to the east. A Deep Sea Drilling Project hole dates these lineations as about 120 mybp. They represent 20 my or less of history from one flank of an early Cretaceous spreading system.
Cultural competency matters

Canada is one of the most multi‐cultural countries in the world. Because of this, a wide variety of ethnic, cultural and personal differences exists. These factors affect patients, their families and health care professionals. Nurses in particular need to be aware of these differences since they are the people most likely to interact closely with patients and all others who are associated with a particular case. Addresses some of those common differences and provides an awareness for professionals who deal with these issues.
Thinking about food webs

Food Webs. By Stuart L. Pimm. Chapman & Hall: 1982. Pp.219. Hbk £15, $35; pbk £7.50, $16.95.
Energy conservation in an optimized electrochemical process

Abstract In industrial electrochemical process, cost resulting from energy consumption and investment are balanced by operating at an optimum current density. Energy conservation measures such as technical process improvement or changes in energy prices often result in new optimum operating conditions. This has to be considered in assessing the effect of suh measures. The inter-relationship between process operating conditions, product cost, and energy consumptions have been studied by means of model calculations
The effect of inorganic salts on the activated sludge process performance

Abstract The effect of inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate on the performance of the activated sludge process was examined. When proper acclimation procedures were followed, the adverse effects of salts on the process were minimized. One of the parameters monitored, effluent suspended solids, had very low values (less than 10 mg l −1 ) up to an inflow sodium chloride concentration of about less than 35 gl −1 . The chemical oxygen demand of the effluent increased steadily with increasing sodium chloride concentrations, but biochemical oxygen demand values remained very low (less than 5 mg l −1 ) which indicated that the increase in chemical oxygen demand was due to the portion that cannot be degrated biologically. The effect of sodium sulfate on the system was even less profound. In addition to the effluent being very clear and low in suspended solids, the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency remained high.
Construction of antibiotic resistance cassettes with multiple paired restriction sites for insertional mutagenesis of Haemophilus influenzae

Insertional mutagenesis of cloned genes coupled with site specific recombination into the genome of the parent organism is an ideal method for characterizing gene function. In this paper we describe the production and utility of two antibiotic resistance cassettes for use in Haemophilus influenzae. The mutagenic elements encode resistance to chloramphenicol or spectinomycin. Multiple paired restriction enzyme sites bound both cassettes. Use of these constructs to create mutants in H. influenzae demonstrated that the cassettes are readily incorporated into the genome in single copy and allow easy detection of mutant constructs. The insertions are stable following repeated in vitro passage. In addition, the elements are compatible with each other and allow the construction of multiple mutations within a single strain.
Prepublication Data Release, Latency, and Genome Commons

Researchers must disclose their data in order to achieve recognition and to enable others to test, validate, and challenge their hypotheses. In doing so, they create bodies of shared knowledge that are analogous to traditional public resources, such as forests and freeways, often referred to as “commons” ( 1 , 2 ). The rate at which data are added to these information commons, however, varies greatly. The traditional practice has been to contribute experimental and observational data to the commons when, or shortly after, the analysis of that data is published, sometimes years after its initial collection ( 3 , 4 ). Because of busy schedules, competitive pressures, and other interpersonal vagaries, the sharing of scientific data can be inconsistent even after publication ( 5 , 6 ). Many traditional data-sharing practices were challenged, with significant and lasting effect, during the race to sequence the human genome.
Seasonal cycles in testicular activity, gonadotropin, and thyroxine in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, under natural conditions

Plasma levels of testosterone (T), thyroxine (T4) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in a field population of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, in Michigan. All three hormones showed pronounced seasonality; plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) remained nondetectable. Plasma T and FSH concentrations were highly correlated and exhibited biphasic cycles with peaks in spring and fall, whereas T, showed a single peak in summer, coincident with the nadir in T. Hormone levels were minimal on the day that animals emerged from hibernation at the end of March; T and FSH then increased rapidly (in ca. 1 week after emergence) to a transient peak that persisted for only ca. 2 weeks. Plasma T and FSH rose again in September before the onset of hibernation and shortly after the late summer peak in spermatogenetic recrudescence. Plasma T, increased more gradually after emergence in spring and did not peak for l-2 months, coincident with the nadir in T. The profile in plasma FSH is consistent with the view that this gonadotropin may regulate androgen secretion but it did not show the expected relationship to the spermatogenetic cycle. Separate studies indicated that the turtles are sensitive to capture and handling; hormone levels (especially androgen) fall precipitously within a day of capture. These “stress” effects may
Getting past getting by: training culturally and linguistically competent bilingual physicians.

ffective health care depends on clear communication. It follows that effective health care education must emphasize physicians’ communication skills. For the growing number of limited English-proficient (LEP) patients and families in the United States, health care and health outcomes frequently suffer due to miscommunication. Yet, in our work with LEP families and in our training of physicians to provide them care, we often find ourselves struggling to just “get by.” Physicians and other providers “get by” using less than proficient second language skills. Training programs “get by” with a relative lack of formal education on effective communication with LEP patients and an absence of stated expectations for the use of second languages by resident physicians. Concern for safety, ethical, and legal consequences of getting by have led to national standards mandating the assurance of bilingual providers’ abilities. Despite such mandates, there has been no profession-wide commitment among physicians in the United States to create the systems necessary for such assurance. In most settings, providers wishing to give care in a second language do so at will, without proving proficiency, a practice that can lead to unsafe communication, ineffective health care, and poor health outcomes. Increasing attention has been given to the lack of language assurance over the past decade. Kaiser Permanente recently developed a physician-specific tool for telephone assessment of medical Spanish and cultural competence. Some hospitals have created home-grown systems that evaluate provider language skills and recommend when those skills should be used. However, system-wide there is little structure to aid bilingual physicians in assessing and improving their language skills.
A viable allele of Mcm4 causes chromosome instability and mammary adenocarcinomas in mice

A viable allele of Mcm4 causes chromosome instability and mammary adenocarcinomas in mice
Procedural justice in wind facility siting: Recommendations for state-led siting processes

Abstract Evidence suggests that state control of wind facility siting decisions fosters new project development more effectively than local control, yet the literature suggests that affected citizens tend to be more fairly represented in local siting processes. We argue that successful renewable energy policy must satisfy both the need for new project development and the obligation to procedural justice. To suggest how it can do so, we analyze existing state- and county-level siting processes in Washington state, finding that both fall short on measures of procedural justice. To overcome this limitation and address the tension between procedural justice and project development, we then propose a collaborative governance approach to wind facility siting, in which state governments retain ultimate authority over permitting decisions but encourage and support local-level deliberations as the primary means of making those decisions. Such an approach, we argue, would be more just, facilitate wind development by addressing community concerns constructively and result in better projects through the input of diverse stakeholders.
Ferromagnetic GaSb/Mn digital alloys

Abstract In order to realize spintronic devices in narrow-gap semiconductors, we have carried out studies on the well-known InAs/GaSb-based materials and structures. As a key component to such devices, GaSb/Mn digital alloys were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Good crystal quality was observed with transmission electron microscopy showing well-resolved Mn-containing layers and no evidence of 3D MnSb precipitates in as-grown samples. Ferromagnetism was observed in GaSb/Mn digital alloys with temperature-dependent hysteresis loops in magnetization up to 400 K (limited by the experimental setup). Magnetotransport studies were also carried out, both in the conventional Hall-bar configuration, and on gated Hall-bar structures. Both anomalous Hall effect and tunable ferromagnetism with applied gate bias were investigated. Annealing studies of the digital alloys reveal evidence of migration of Mn atoms at elevated temperatures.
Rethinking Crop Genetic Resource Conservation: A View From the South

Let me respond to each of these questions, taking into account the fact that most biodiversity is in the developing countries and that conservation strategy will therefore be implemented there. 1. Brush considers a conservation strategy fundamental because crop genetic resources are a world patrimony and therefore are indispensable to agricultural improvement in all systems throughout the planet. This "common heritage view" of the world crop germplasm is at the heart of the "politically charged critique of control over crop genetic resources and their benefit" that Brush has decided not to discuss. The "common heritage view" has been a convenient rationalization for gene-poor countries of the north who desperately need resources from gene-rich countries of the south. As Kloppenburg & Kleinman ( 1987) suggest, such rationalizing has enabled developed countries to maintain maximum access to genetic resources of the south under a facade of altruism that is neither aid nor assistance. On the contrary, as these authors state, "Third World nations have been engaged in a massive program of foreign aid for the developed world." The same argument can now be extended to global ecosystem resources as treated in the Brundtland report, "Our Common Future." As developed countries realize that their own survival may be threatened by global environmental degradation processes, suddenly a concern to conserve ecosystems in developing countries becomes a global issue. Developed countries contain about 20-30% of the world's population but consume about 60% of the world resources (including crop germplasm), at the expense of tropical rainforests and other ecosystems. They are also the major producers of world pollutants (pesticides, acid rain, nuclear wastes, ozone layer destroyers, etc.). Despite the fact that the north bears major responsibility for the world's ecological problems, it has defined itself as the protector of the global environment and proposed what it contends is an equitable balance between economic growth and natural resource conservation on the global scale. This view assumes that every country shares the same level of responsibility and will equally benefit. The terminology associated with this view ("sustainability," "global conservation," etc.) quickly permeated academic and development circles and led to acceptance of arguments and policies that favor securing the ecological resources and services of the ecosystems of the south for continual subsidy of the affluent, wasteful, and at times selfish development of the north. Thus, the south is asked to engage in urgent and strict conservation, but the north is not asked to drastically reduce its level of consumerism and waste. Developing countries have and should have their own reasons and motivations for preserving crop genetic resources. These resources are their national property, so developing countries are entitled to develop autonomous conservation strategies and to demand compensation from the north for the use of their genetic re-
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and actions contributes to the beneficial effects of calcitriol in prostate cancer.

Our research is aimed at obtaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the anti-proliferative and cancer preventive effects of calcitriol with the goal of developing strategies to improve the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). In PCa cells calcitriol inhibits the synthesis and biological actions of prostaglandins (PGs) by three actions: (i) the inhibition of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the enzyme that synthesizes PGs, (ii) the up-regulation of the expression of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the enzyme that inactivates PGs and (iii) decreasing the expression of EP and FP PG receptors that are essential for PG signaling. Since PGs have been shown to promote carcinogenesis and progression of multiple cancers, we hypothesize that the inhibition of the PG pathway contributes to the ability of calcitriol to prevent or inhibit PCa development and growth. We have shown that the combination of calcitriol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) result in a s...
Target Arson: Update 1991. A Study of Selected Old and New Variables

The purpose of this study is to replicate and extend earlier studies on the impact of economic and sociological variables upon the incidence of arson fires and losses. The data used in this study covered the period from 1960 to 1988. Initially, a total of 180 variables classified generally as either economic or sociological were chosen for inclusion in the study. These variables were selected based upon their inclusion in other studies in which arson is investigated or upon literature suggesting that a variable is related to arson. Fourteen variables were found to have a significant relationship with the incidence of arson fires and losses. Implications for various individuals and government agencies are discussed.
Nuclease sensitivity of estradiol-charged estrogen receptor binding sites in nuclei isolated from normal and neoplastic rat mammary tissues.

The interaction of partially purified calf uterine estradiol-charged estrogen receptor ([3H]ER) with rat nuclei was studied in vitro. We previously observed a significantly greater number of [3H]ER binding sites (at saturation) in nuclei of R3230AC mammary tumors from intact vs ovariectomized (ovex) rats with no difference in the affinity of [3H]ER binding for these nuclei. We now report on the nuclease sensitivity of [3H]ER binding sites in nuclei from these tumors and from normal rat tissues. Digestion of tumor nuclei with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) prior to incubation with [3H]ER in vitro resulted in a progressive loss of [3H]ER binding capacity, which was not accompanied by alterations in the affinity of [3H]ER for the nuclei (Kd = 1-3 nM). A significantly lower concentration (P less than 0.005) of DNase I eliminated 50% of the [3H]ER binding sites in nuclei of tumors from intact hosts (8 unit.min/ml) compared to tumors from ovex hosts (22 unit.min/ml). These results indicate that DNA regions capable of binding ER are more susceptible to DNase I digestion in tumors from intact rats than those from ovex hosts, suggesting that the endogenous hormonal milieu is responsible, at least in part, for maintenance of nuclease-sensitive DNA conformations in this hormone-responsive mammary tumor. The amount of DNase I required to eliminate 50% of [3H]ER binding to nuclei from lactating mammary gland, liver, and kidney ranged from 14 to 56 unit.min/ml. Therefore, accessibility of [3H]ER binding sites to nuclease digestion in normal rat tissue is generally less than that of R3230AC tumors.
Fast Resilient Jumbo frames in wireless LANs

With the phenomenal growth of wireless networks and applications, it is increasingly important to deliver content efficiently and reliably over wireless links. However, wireless performance is still far from satisfactory due to limited wireless spectrum, inherent lossy wireless medium, and imperfect packet scheduling. While significant research has been done to improve wireless performance, much of the existing work focuses on individual design space. We take a holistic approach to optimizing wireless performance and resilience. We propose Fast Resilient Jumbo frames (FRJ), which exploit the synergy between three important design spaces: (i) frame size selection, (ii) partial packet recovery, and (iii) rate adaptation. While these design spaces are seemingly unrelated, we show that there are strong interactions between them and effectively leveraging these techniques can provide increased robustness and performance benefits in wireless LANs. FRJ uses jumbo frames to boost network throughput under good channel conditions and uses partial packet recovery to efficiently recover packet losses under bad channel conditions. FRJ also utilizes partial recovery aware rate adaptation to maximize throughput under partial recovery. Using real implementation and testbed experiments, we show that FRJ out-performs existing approaches in a wide range of scenarios.
Robust Quantum State Transfer in Random Unpolarized Spin Chains

We propose and analyze a new approach for quantum state transfer between remote spin qubits. Specifically, we demonstrate that coherent quantum coupling between remote qubits can be achieved via certain classes of random, unpolarized (infinite temperature) spin chains. Our method is robust to coupling-strength disorder and does not require manipulation or control over individual spins. In principle, it can be used to attain perfect state transfer over an arbitrarily long range via purely Hamiltonian evolution and may be particularly applicable in a solid-state quantum information processor. As an example, we demonstrate that it can be used to attain strong coherent coupling between nitrogen-vacancy centers separated by micrometer distances at room temperature. Realistic imperfections and decoherence effects are analyzed.
Pursuing a maneuvering target which uses a hidden Markov model for its control

For a partially observed linear pursuit-evasion problem in which the evader's control is modeled as an unknown jump Markov process and a quadratic criterion involving the terminal miss, the optimal control is expressed as a linear function of the predicted miss. Determining the predicted miss involves estimating the evader's terminal position from past system measurements. Expressions for unnormalized conditional probabilities are given which determine the conditional expectation of the evader's terminal position. >
Mitochondrial Ca2+ and membrane potential, an alternative pathway for Interleukin 6 to regulate CD4 cell effector function

IL-6 plays an important role in determining the fate of effector CD4 cells and the cytokines that these cells produce. Here we identify a novel molecular mechanism by which IL-6 regulates CD4 cell effector function. We show that IL-6-dependent signal facilitates the formation of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes to sustain high mitochondrial membrane potential late during activation of CD4 cells. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization caused by IL-6 is uncoupled from the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. However, it is a mechanism to raise the levels of mitochondrial Ca(2+) late during activation of CD4 cells. Increased levels of mitochondrial Ca(2+) in the presence of IL-6 are used to prolong Il4 and Il21 expression in effector CD4 cells. Thus, the effect of IL-6 on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial Ca(2+) is an alternative pathway by which IL-6 regulates effector function of CD4 cells and it could contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Garnet Waveguides and Polarizers for Integrated Optical Isolators on Si Substrates

High quality YIG waveguides and photonic crystal polarizers were fabricated on Si with various cladding/buffer layers. The structures were designed for optical isolation at 1.55 mum with the waveguide acting as a Faraday rotator with an integrated magnetic biasing film.
Efficient mid-IR spectral generation via 4 th order cascaded-Raman amplification

A simple and robust 2.14 um fiber-based laser source is demonstrated via higher order cascaded Raman scattering in silica fiber. The temporal and spectral characteristics of the laser are compared with simulations.
Physical Processes in Large Lakes

The North American Great Lakes lie between 41oN and 49oN and between 76°W and 92°W, on the international boundary between Canada and United States of America. The lakes supply freshwater for over 30 million people along their perimeter and are used for a wide range of activities. With growing coastal population and industrialization, North American Great Lakes are also currently experiencing declining water quality and water supply. These concerns required an international cooperation between the U.S. and Canada in formulation of water quality agreements to protect the water resources. Basic and applied research on the Great Lakes has been conducted by several agencies within Canada and the U.S. to understand physical, biochemical and geological interactions relating to water management issues.
The Mesa programming environment

People everywhere are developing multi-window, integrated programming environments for their favorite computers and languages. This paper describes the Mesa programming facilities of the Xerox Development Environment (XDE). It is interesting for several reasons. It has existed in something similar to its current form for about 5 years. It has more than 500 users, many interacting with it 8 or more hours a day. Several million lines of code have been written by these users, including large, multi-author systems.Previous papers have dealt with the Mesa language [Geschke77, Mitchell79], the operating system [Redell79, Lampson80] and the processor architecture on which it runs [Johnsson82, Sweet82]. This paper describes the programming environment: the user illusion, the set of programming tools, and the facilities available for augmenting the environment. Section 2 gives a short history of the environment, including some of our original design goals. Section 3 describes the current state of the user interface and discusses a few of the schemes that were tried and discarded. Section 4 describes some of the program development tools available and discusses how features of the language have influenced their design, and indeed influenced what tools are in the set. Section 5 describes other tools that, although valuable to the programming task, are largely language independent. Section 6 talks about how easy it is to make additions to the system, and gives examples of user additions—some that modify the environment and some that simply provide new tools. Section 7 discusses what we feel are major successes and what we feel needs to be done in the future.
Design issues of adaptive and fault-tolerant real-time intelligent systems

The main objective of this paper is to describe several fundamental issues in the development of a practical and unified technology for building fault-tolerant, adaptive and distributed real-time intelligent decision systems (RTIDS) for monitoring and control of safety-critical real-time environments. These embedded systems include new generation airplane avionics, high-performance network and telephone switching systems, Space Station control software, weapons control systems, and medical monitoring equipments. This technology shall be based on a rigorous framework which facilitates formal verification and validation of these intelligent time-critical embedded systems. Real-time intelligent decision systems exhibit three characteristics which distinguish them from other decision systems: (1) bounded response time, (2) adaptive to the changing environment, and (3) fault-tolerant. An initial effort is made to tackle the difficult analysis problem of determining whether a rule-based decision system has bounded response time, but more work remains to be performed to yield a practical response time verification technology. This paper describes research results and ongoing investigations concerning the analysis problem.
A Kunitz Protease Inhibitor from Dermacentor variabilis, a Vector for Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae, Limits Rickettsia montanensis Invasion

A defining facet of tick-Rickettsia symbioses is the molecular strategy employed by each partner to ensure its own survival. Ticks must control rickettsial colonization to avoid immediate death. In the current study, we show that rickettsial abundance in the tick midgut increases once the expression of a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) (DvKPI) is suppressed by small interfering RNA (siRNA). A series of in vitro invasion assays suggested that DvKPI limits rickettsial colonization during host cell entry. Interestingly, we observed that DvKPI associates with rickettsiae in vitro as well as in the tick midgut. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DvKPI limits host cell invasion by Rickettsia montanensis, possibly through an association with the bacterium.
A rhabdocoel turbellarian (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida) in Baltic amber with a review of fossil and sub‐fossil platyhelminths

Abstract. Palaeosoma balticus n. g., n. sp. (Rhabdocoela, Typhloplanoida), the oldest body fossil of a turbellarian and the first representative of the phylum Platyhelminthes found in fossilized resin, is described from Baltic amber 40 million years old. Characters of the fossil turbellarian are epidermal cilia, rhabdoids, a rosulate pharynx, adhesive papillae, and sensory bristles. The body cavity contains developing eggs or capsules. The fossil demonstrates that rhabdocoels had developed a terrestrial habit and were producing subitaneous eggs by the Eocene. A summary of the fossil and sub-fossil records of platyhelminths is presented.
Thermal expansion of polyurethane reinforced with continuous glass fibers

This paper is concerned with the study of the thermal expansion properties of polyurethanes which are reinforced with randomly oriented continuous glass fibers. The thermal expansion of reinforced polymers is of prime importance since it has a significiant effect on the overall dimensional stability of molded products. In this work the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) is measured for both soft and rigid polyurethane containing various amounts of glass fibers. The experimental results show that: (1) there exists a maximum in the CLTE-temperature curves, the position of which depends on the type of resin and not on the glass content; (2) over the range of 0 to +70°C for rigid polyurethane, and –30 to +70°C for soft polyurethane, the CLTE decreases with temperature. The existence of a maximum in the above findings is confirmed with computations from a theoretical expression which was modified by the introduction of an efficiency factor. In applying this expression, parameters such as the Poison's ratios, elastic moduli, and the CLTe's of the resins had to be evaluated at various temperatures. Based on these results, the CLTE-temperature curves were obtained and found to be in agreement with the experimental observations.
Health habits of school-age children.

While health habits such as eating breakfast, maintaining desirable iveight, sleeping regidarly, and zoearing seat belts are related to the longevity of adults, vety little is known abou t the health habits of disadvantaged school-age children. Using data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditu re Survey (NMES), this paper examines selected health habits of children between the ages of five and 17 (n-6,722) bysociodemographic characteristics. Descrip- tive analyses indicate that while the majority of these school children had good health habits, many did not. Over 17 million school-age children did not regidarly wear a seat belt. More than eight million of these children did not regularly eat breakfast, xvhileclose to three million wereovenoeight. Multiva- riate analyses revealed that after controlling for gender, age, race, income, residence, and the education level of the highest wage earner in the family, only incomeand education were significantly related to the number of good health habits.
The role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 and focal adhesion kinase in aggressive multiple myeloma.

Mutation, deletion or down-regulation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) has been reported in a number of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies, and may be f...
The Predictive Value of Childhood Animal Cruelty Methods on Later Adult Violence: Examining Demographic and Situational Correlates

The present study seeks to replicate Tallichet, Hensley, and Singer's research on childhood animal cruelty methods by using a sample of 180 male inmates surveyed at both medium- and maximum-security prisons in a southern state. The purpose of the current study was to first reexamine the relationship between demographic and situational factors and specific methods of childhood animal cruelty. Second, the correlation between an abuser's chosen method(s) of childhood animal cruelty on later recurrent acts of adult violent crimes was reinvestigated. Regression analyses revealed that respondents who engaged in frequent animal cruelty were more likely to have drowned, shot, kicked, or had sex with animals. Those who had grown up in urban areas and those who did not become upset after abusing animals were more likely to have kicked animals. Respondents who covered up their abuse were more likely to have had sex with animals. Sex with animals was the only method of childhood animal cruelty that predicted the later commission of adult violent crimes.
Intranasal neuropeptide Y reverses anxiety and depressive-like behavior impaired by single prolonged stress PTSD model.

PTSD is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder and many patients do not respond sufficiently to current treatments. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is suggested to provide resilience to the develop- ment of PTSD and co-morbid depression. Injections of NPY to the rodent brain are anxiolytic. Recently we showed that intranasal delivery of NPY to rats before or immediately after exposure to single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model of PTSD prevented development of many biochemical and behavioral symptoms of PTSD, indicating its prophylactic potential. Here, we investigated whether intranasal NPY might provide benefits once symptoms have already developed. One week after exposure to SPS stressors, animals were given intranasal NPY or vehicle and tested on elevated plus maze 2 h or 2 days later. The NPY treated rats had lower anxiety-like behavior than vehicle treated rats as indicated by more entries into open arms and fewer into closed arms, lower anxiety index, higher risk assessment and unprotected head dips and reduced grooming time. Their anxiety index was similar to that of unstressed controls. On most of these variables there was no effect of time interval and rats displayed similar overall changes 2 h or 2 days after the infusion. Moreover, intranasal NPY led to reduced depressive-like behavior, assessed by forced swim test. Thus, intranasal NPY reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and has potential for non-invasive PTSD
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism: Recognizing the Spectrum of Risk and Understanding the Role of Thrombophilia Testing

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) include inherited thrombophilias, lifestyle-related risk factors, and acquired conditions of endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulability. The majority of VTE patients presents with a combination of multiple risk factors that result in venous thrombosis. Common acquired risk factors include advanced age, malignancy, immobility, inflammation, and recent trauma, surgery, and hospitalization. Thrombophilia testing is most helpful when the results will assist in decision-making for prevention or treatment of VTE.
Standardizing the power of the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test in large data sets

The Hosmer-Lemeshow test is a commonly used procedure for assessing goodness of fit in logistic regression. It has, for example, been widely used for evaluation of risk-scoring models. As with any statistical test, the power increases with sample size; this can be undesirable for goodness of fit tests because in very large data sets, small departures from the proposed model will be considered significant. By considering the dependence of power on the number of groups used in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, we show how the power may be standardized across different sample sizes in a wide range of models. We provide and confirm mathematical derivations through simulation and analysis of data on 31,713 children from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. We make recommendations on how to choose the number of groups in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test based on sample size and provide example applications of the recommendations.
A Class of Monte-Carlo-Based Statistical Algorithms for Efficient Detection of Repolarization Alternans

Cardiac repolarization alternans is an electrophysiologic condition identified by a beat-to-beat fluctuation in action potential waveform. It has been mechanistically linked to instances of T-wave alternans, a clinically defined ECG alternation in T-wave morphology, and associated with the onset of cardiac reentry and sudden cardiac death. Many alternans detection algorithms have been proposed in the past, but the majority have been designed specifically for use with T-wave alternans. Action potential duration (APD) signals obtained from experiments (especially those derived from optical mapping) possess unique characteristics, which requires the development and use of a more appropriate alternans detection method. In this paper, we present a new class of algorithms, based on the Monte Carlo method, for the detection and quantitative measurement of alternans. Specifically, we derive a set of algorithms (one an analytical and more efficient version of the other) and compare its performance with the standard spectral method and the generalized likelihood ratio test algorithm using synthetic APD sequences and optical mapping data obtained from an alternans control experiment. We demonstrate the benefits of the new algorithm in the presence of Gaussian and Laplacian noise and frame-shift errors. The proposed algorithms are well suited for experimental applications, and furthermore, have low complexity and are implementable using fixed-point arithmetic, enabling potential use with implantable cardiac devices.
Chapter VIII-3 – The application of molecular techniques to insect pathology with emphasis on entomopathogenic fungi

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of molecular techniques to insect pathology with emphasis on entomopathogenic fungi. Entomopathogenic fungi represent an unconsidered, and therefore untapped, reservoir of pesticidal genes for the production of advanced engineered pesticides. The application of molecular techniques to pathogen genomes often depends on the ability to purify high molecular weight DNA. Two major factors influencing satisfactory purification of high-molecular-weight DNA are shearing and the presence of nucleases. Identifying the presence of a particular pathogen genotype using specific DNA probes is greatly facilitated by the ability to extract fungal DNA from infected insects or soil. Protoplasts are prepared from young mycelia growing in liquid shake cultures. The mycelia are centrifuged and washed with osmotic stabilizer containing varying amounts of sorbitol/ NaC1/MgSO4. Techniques developed to transform filamentous fungi have followed the same three conceptual steps applied to all organisms. It is suggested that high-velocity ballistic transformation of M. anisopliae germlings can be performed with the DuPont particle delivery system PDS 1000/HE by modifying methods used with other filamentous fungi.
Cancer in Alaskan Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts

Standard incidence ratios for cancers that occurred during 1969--73 among Alaskan Natives (Indians and Eskimo-Aleuts) were reported. Although data suggested that the overall rate of cancer in this population was close to that of U.S. whites, differences existed for certain cancer sites. Thus increased risks in Alaskan Natives were observed for nasopharyngeal, salivary gland, kidney, and gallbladder and liver cancers. Conversely, decreased risks were found for cancers of the lung, larynx, bladder, prostate gland, breast, and corpus uterus and for melanoma and lymphoma.
Interrelation between α-tocopherol and protein metabolism: body weight and tooth pigmentation of rats.

SummaryAdult male rats have been fed fixed daily quantities of vitamin E-low diets containing 5. 20, or 40% crude casein. On the 5% casein diet the animals lost weight and developed muscle dystrophy, testicular atrophy. stomach ulcers, and tooth depiqmentation. These symptoms of a vitamin E deficiency were prevented either by 2-tocopherol or by the higher protein diets. The possible sig- in increasing the vitamin E requirement ofnificance of a lack of individual amino acids rats is discussed.
B cells and T-lymphocyte subsets of the head-associated lymphoid tissues of the chicken.

SUMMARY. The head-associated lymphoid tissues of the chicken, composed of the harderian gland and the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT), were studied to determine whether changes occurred in lymphocyte subpopulations as chickens age from 1 week to 8 weeks. The B cells and subpopulations of T-lymphocytes of the head-associated lymphoid tissues were identified using in situ immunohistochemical staining. Monoclonal antibodies specific for various lymphocyte surface antigens were used. The concentration of T-lymphocytes, particularly CD3+ and CD4+ cells, within the harderian gland increased with age, whereas the concentration of B cells remained the same. B-lymphocytes were observed within the germinal centers of the CALT of 4-week-old birds. The T-lymphocytes within the CALT surrounded the B-cell-rich germinal centers. CD3+ T-lymphocytes were the predominant cell population in all age groups examined. Increasing concentrations of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were observed within the CALT as chicks developed from 1 week to 4 weeks of age. Finally, no changes were observed in lymphocyte populations within the CALT as chicks developed from 4 weeks to 8 weeks of age.
Emotional Labor in Critical Ethnographic Work: In the Field and Behind the Desk

In this article, the concept of emotional labor is used to capture dilemmas of critical ethnographic research. We frame our experiences not simply as “confessional tales,” or personalized accounts of how researchers experience their fieldwork, but as part of critical methodology itself. We identify three strategies for transforming our emotional labor into an analytic tool: contextualizing emotions, using emotions to unmask power in the research process, and linking emotions to personal biographies. Following ethnographers who question the separation between data and analysis, we explore how emotions and power intersected in two key ethnographic “moments”: collecting data and writing the research narrative.
Restarting oral anticoagulation among patients with atrial fibrillation with gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and thromboembolism

Commentary on : Staerk L, Lip GY, Olesen JB, et al. Stroke and recurrent haemorrhage associated with antithrombotic treatment after gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ 2015;351:h5876.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with higher risk of thromboembolism and thus warrants the use of anticoagulants for prevention of adverse outcomes.1 However, anticoagulation comes at the price of a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Current guidelines recommend interrupting anticoagulation in the case of GIB but do not inform on whether it should be resumed. This study assesses risks of all-cause mortality, thromboembolism, major bleeding and recurrent GIB associated with resuming antithrombotic treatment after GIB among patients with AF. This prospective cohort study included non-valvular patients with AF who experienced GIB while receiving single or combined antithrombotic treatment with an antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant in a Danish cohort … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.h5876%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26572685%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=351/nov16_2/h5876&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F4%2F152.atom
Pilot Study of the Canary System Use in the Diagnosis of Approximal Carious Lesions in Primary Molars.

Purpose This study assessed the feasibility and ease of use of the Canary System in approximal carious lesion detection in primary molars. Methods Forty healthy five- to 12-year-olds, who presented to the Center for Pediatric Dentistry in Seattle, Wash., U.S.A., for initial or recall exams, were enrolled. Participants had one to two primary molars, with or without approximal radiographic radiolucencies. Four Canary System scans were performed at the approximal area of each study tooth. The maximum Canary number of the four scans was compared to bitewing radiographs. Results Seventy-five teeth were included in the final analysis. All study patients easily tolerated being scanned with the Canary System. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Canary System, when compared to bitewing radiographs, was 81 percent and 35 percent, respectively. Among teeth without radiographic radiolucencies, the Canary System identified 65 percent (31 of 48) of study teeth as having carious lesions. Conclusions The Canary System is a safe approximal caries detection device in five- to 12-year-olds. When compared to bitewing radiographs, the specificity of the Canary System for approximal carious lesion detection in primary molars was low. However, this could indicate that the Canary System is detecting lesions earlier than radiographs.
A gentle way of introducing multi-core programming into the curriculum: tutorial presentation

Moore's Law is an observation predicting that the number of transistors placed on an integrated circuit would double every 18 to 24 months. Until recently, this has roughly translated to increases in clock speed and processing power in the same time period. Recently, however, improvements in hardware processing power are proceeding on a new model. Instead of deriving processing power from scaling clock speed, which eventually increases power usage and heat emission to unmanageable levels, chip manufacturers have begun to increase overall processing power by adding additional processing cores to the microprocessor package, while clock speeds have remained virtually unchanged. New processors will eventually come in heterogeneous configurations such as combinations of high- and low-power cores, graphical processors, etc. These future configurations are being termed "many-core" architectures.