cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of submaximal exercise gas exchange to define pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background The 6-minute walk test is widely used to characterize activity tolerance and response to therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but provides little information about cardiopulmonary pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to determine whether measures of pulmonary gas exchange during relatively light exercise could differentiate between PAH patients and healthy individuals and also stratify disease severity. Methods The study comprised 40 PAH patients and 25 matched controls. Each completed a sub-maximal exercise test, consisting of 2 minutes of rest, 3 minutes of exercise, and 1 minute of recovery. Ventilation, pulmonary gas exchange, arterial oxygen saturation (Sao 2 ), and heart rate were measured throughout using a simplified gas analysis system. Results A number of gas exchange variables differentiated PAH patients and controls. End-tidal CO 2 (P ET co 2 ) and Sao 2 were lower in PAH vs controls (31 ± 7 vs 39 ± 3 mm Hg and 89% ± 5% vs 95% ± 2%, respectively, p E /Vco 2 ratio) was poorer in PAH vs controls (42 ± 10 vs 33 ± 5, p ET co 2 and V E /Vco 2 discriminated between different severities of PAH. Conclusions Gas exchange variables obtained during light sub-maximal exercise differentiated PAH patients from healthy controls and also between different severities of PAH. Sub-maximal exercise gas exchange may be a useful end point measure in a PAH population.
Buoyant density variation during the cell cycle in microorganisms

The behavior of cell buoyant density during the cell cycle has been determined for a number of different cell types, including bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Mean buoyant density was extremely constant and independent of cell age during the cell cycle of the bacterium Escherichia coli, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces cerevisiae, the protozoan Amoebae proteus, cells from suspension cell cultures of mouse lymphoma and myeloma, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. In all of these cases, the buoyant densities of these cells were very narrowly distributed, with coefficients of variation of 0.1 to 0.3%. In contrast, buoyant density was variable in cells with thick cell walls and high buoyant densities. Density varied markedly during the cell cycle of the budding yeast Schizosaccharomyces cerevisiae and of the bacterium Streptococcus faecium. The average buoyant densities of cells in exponentially growing cultures of E. coli or Schizosaccharomyces pombe were also independent of growth rate of the cultures. Experiments with E. coli have established that cell buoyant density is controlled by the osmoregulatory system. Although the regulatory mechanisms for this control are unknown, the results suggest that the same or similar mechanisms regulate buoyant density in all of the cells that do not have unduly heavy cell walls and, therefore, these regulatory mechanisms were either conserved during evolution or reflect the convergent evolution found for organic osmolytes.
The Rosetta meta-model framework

Heterogeneous systems are naturally complex and their design is a tedious process. The modeling of components that constitute such a system mandates the use of different techniques. This gives rise to the problem of methodology integration that is needed to provide a consistent design. In this paper, we propose a meta-model framework that provides such an integration. The semantics of different computational models can be expressed and used together in the Rosetta framework. We use denotational semantics to define unifying semantic domains, which are themselves extended to provide ontologies for models of computation. Interaction relations defined between models are then used to exploit and analyze model integration. We demonstrate our approach by providing applications where different computational models are used together.
Performances of Student Activism: Sound, Silence, Gender, and Dis/ability

This chapter explores the various performances of activism by students through sound, silence, gender, and dis/ability and how these performances connect to social change efforts around issues such as human trafficking, homeless children, hunger, and children with varying abilities.
Inhibition of intra-abdominal adhesions: a comparison of hemaseel APR and cryoprecipitate fibrin glue.

Our previous studies demonstrated fibrin glue (FG) prepared from cryoprecipitate (cryo) inhibits intra-abdominal adhesions in rats. A new FG, Hemaseel APR, is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for hemostasis during cardiac surgery and splenic trauma. This study was undertaken to determine if Hemaseel FG prevents intra-abdominal adhesions, and to compare it to cryo FG. Forty-five rats underwent laparotomy. Bilateral peritoneal-muscular defects were created. Polypropylene mesh was sewn into each defect with a running silk suture. The bowel was abraded with gauze. The rats were then randomized to mesh covered with Hemaseel FG, cryo FG, or control. On postoperative day 7, the severity of adhesions were graded by percentage of mesh covered by adhesion (0-100%) and degree of adhesion (0-3). The mean percentage of mesh covered by adhesion was 9% for Hemaseel FG, 43% for cryo FG (p = .005), and 65% for the controls (p < .0001). The mean density adhesion score was 0.5 for Hemaseel FG, 1.2 for cryo FG ...
The Effects of Self-Set Goals on Task Performance

Locke & Latham (1990a) report that specific, difficult goals lead to better performance than “do-your-best” instructions, whether the goals are self-set or are set by an external source. However, in Experiment I, as well as in previous research (White, Kjelgaard, & Harkins, 1995), we did not find self-set goal effects. A meta-analysis showed that self-set goal effects can be produced if two conditions are met: Prior to setting their goals, participants take part in a pretest that is equal in duration to the experimental task; and the experimenter has access to the participants' goals and the performances. Experiment 2 confirmed these meta-analytic findings by showing that when these two conditions were met, goals stringent enough to produce the effects were set, and goal-setting effects were obtained.
Analysis of mutations in the V3 domain of gp160 that affect fusion and infectivity.

Abstract The third hypervariable (V3) domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein has been proposed to play an important role in mediating viral entry. Antibodies to the V3 domain block HIV-1 infection but not virus binding to CD4. At the center of the V3 domain is a relatively conserved sequence of amino acids, GPGRA. It has previously been shown that mutation of some of these amino acids reduced the ability of gp160 expressed on the surface of cells to induce fusion with CD4-bearing cells. In order to analyze the role of V3 domain sequences in mediating HIV entry, we introduced several amino acid substitution mutations in the GPGRA sequence of gp160 derived from HIV-1 strain HXB2 and in the analogous sequence of strain SF33, GPGKV. Virus was generated by cotransfecting the env constructs and a selectable env-negative HIV vector, HIV-gpt. When complemented with a retrovirus env gene, infectious virus capable of a single round of replication was produced. The viral particles produced were analyzed biochemically for core and envelope proteins and for infectious titer. The transfected envs were also analyzed for ability to bind to CD4 and mediate cell fusion. Several of the amino acid substitutions resulted in moderate to severe decreases in virus infectivity and fusion activity. Envelope glycoprotein assembly onto particles and CD4 binding were not affected. These results provide evidence that V3 sequences are involved in mediating the fusion step of HIV-1 entry.
Evaluation of the potential impact of a carbapenem de-escalation program in an academic healthcare system

The primary objective of this analysis was to evaluate group 2 carbapenem usage and to model the impact that a formalized de-escalation protocol to ertapenem could potentially have on group 2 carbapenem usage in the hope of alleviating the selective pressure on Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. This analysis was conducted in three hospitals within the Detroit Medical Center in 2009. Patients were considered candidates for de-escalation of carbapenem therapy when a group 2 carbapenem was utilized to treat Enterobacteriaceae, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms, or if cultures were negative in non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In total, 179 patients (28%) and 1074 patient-days (29%) were deemed eligible for de-escalation according to our pre-defined criteria. We concluded that preferential utilization of ertapenem in appropriate patients warranting carbapenem therapy has the potential to significantly decrease group 2 carbapenem usage at our institution.
A Pragmatic Approach to the Eighth Amendment and Punitive Damages

The Supreme Court has “constitutionalized” punitive damage awards under state law by holding that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment constrains such awards. But the Court went that route only after rejecting the argument that the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause limited such awards in Browning-Ferris Indus., Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc., 492 U.S. 257 (1989). This article argues that subsequent decisions of the Court demonstrate that Browning-Ferris was wrongly decided. In particular, the Court’s subsequent decisions holding that the Excessive Fines Clause applies to civil forfeiture actions brought by the United States, and that there is “state action” for constitutional purposes when a judge excuses a juror peremptorily stricken by a private party in a civil case both undermine the rationale that the Excessive Fines Clause does not apply to “punitive” awards in civil suits between private parties.
Interactive streamline exploration and manipulation using deformation

Occlusion presents a major challenge in visualizing 3D flow fields using streamlines. Displaying too many streamlines creates a dense visualization filled with occluded structures, but displaying too few streams risks losing important features. A more ideal streamline exploration approach is to visually manipulate the cluttered streamlines by pulling visible layers apart and revealing the hidden structures underneath. This paper presents a customized deformation algorithm and an interactive visualization tool to minimize visual cluttering. The algorithm is able to maintain the overall integrity of the flow field and expose the previously hidden structures. Our system supports both mouse and direct-touch interactions to manipulate the viewing perspectives and visualize the streamlines in depth. By using a lens metaphor of different shapes to select the transition zone of the targeted area interactively, the users can move their focus and examine the flow field freely.
Produce Price Savings for Consumers at Farmers' Markets Compared to Supermarkets in North Carolina

One barrier to fruit and vegetable consumption is financial cost, especially among low-income populations. This study aimed to conduct a price comparison of produce in supermarkets and farmers' markets in 12 North Carolina counties to identify which food venue offers fruits and vegetables at the lowest financial cost. Farmers' market and supermarket produce prices were systematically compared in a purposive sample of 12 county markets. Prices of the same produce items at each venue were compared using t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was a mean price savings of +17.9% at farmers' markets among all produce items (n = 230). There was a significant difference in produce price savings by county (p = .0477) and item (p = .0002). In most counties examined, there was a price savings to consumers at farmers' markets compared to supermarkets. Future research should examine produce prices in a larger sample of farmers' markets and supermarkets.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital hallux varus deformity associated with pericentric inversion of chromosome 9

Congenital hallux varus is a rare deformity of the great toe characterized by adduction of the hallux and medial displacement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital hallux varus is presented herein. A 32-year-old woman was referred to our unit due to significant deviation of the fetal right great toe at 22(+2) weeks of pregnancy. Ultrasound examination revealed a thick and short great toe, which was significantly angulated medially on the right side. Amniocentesis was performed and the result was reported as inv(9) (p11;q12). After delivery, the clinical examination confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported prenatal diagnosis of an isolated congenital hallux varus. Congenital hallux varus can be diagnosed easily in the prenatal period by 2-D and 4-D ultrasonography. Prenatal karyotyping should be taken into consideration, especially in the presence of associated anomalies, such as polydactyly and clubfoot.
Renin-angiotensin system inhibition on noradrenergic nerve terminal function in pacing-induced heart failure

Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been shown to improve cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal function in heart failure. To determine whether similar effects could be produced...
The Emergence of Product Design as a Field of Marketing Inquiry

The authors present findings from an analysis of articles related to product design published within eight leading journals important to marketing thought. Based on this analysis, which covers the fourteen year period from 1995-2008, the authors propose a conceptual model of product design and offer definitions for a) product design and b) the product design process. In addition, the authors provide insights into the nature of product design research during this time period including analyses of publication trends and the relationship of product design research to related marketing topics. The essay concludes with suggestions for future research on product design.
Muscle force, work and cost: a novel technique to revisit the Fenn effect

Muscle produces force by forming cross-bridges, using energy released from ATP. While the magnitude and duration of force production primarily determine the energy requirement, nearly a century ago Fenn observed that muscle shortening or lengthening influenced energetic cost of contraction. When work is done by the muscle, the energy cost is increased and when work is done on the muscle the energy cost is reduced. However, the magnitude of the 'Fenn effect' and its mirror ('negative Fenn effect') have not been quantitatively resolved. We describe a new technique coupling magnetic resonance spectroscopy with an in vivo force clamp that can directly quantify the Fenn effect [E=I+W, energy liberated (E) equals the energy cost of isometric force production (I) plus the work done (W)] and the negative Fenn effect (E=I-W) for one muscle, the first dorsal interosseous (FDI). ATP cost was measured during a series of contractions, each of which occurred at a constant force and for a constant duration, thus constant force-time integral (FTI). In all subjects, as the FTI increased with load, there was a proportional linear increase in energy cost. In addition, the cost of producing force greatly increased when the muscle shortened, and was slightly reduced during lengthening contraction. These results, though limited to a single muscle, contraction velocity and muscle length change, do quantitatively support the Fenn effect. We speculate that they also suggest that an elastic element within the FDI muscle functions to preserve the force generated within the cross-bridges.
Vocational Rehabilitation for Individuals with Schizophrenia

Contrary to popular belief, many individuals with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses want to work, but up to 80 % remain under- or unemployed. Traditional vocational models, which often withhold, or never offer help in finding competitive work until prevocational training, noncompetitive work positions, and other requirements, have been met, ultimately provide little or no benefit in helping people achieve their work goals. To address the need for effective work services, the supported employment model of vocational rehabilitation focusing on rapid attainment of competitive employment has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional models. Substantial evidence derived from over 30 randomized controlled trials indicates supported employment’s vocational and clinical benefits. More recent research on supported employment has focused on issues of expansion and dissemination. However, access to supported employment remains limited with a substantial need to scale up services in routine clinical and rehabilitation services and to overcome systemic and policy barriers to the funding of supported employment and to fostering work in serious mental illnesses.
Complication of the intracolonic bypass. Report of a case.

The intracolonic bypass has been used both experimentally and clinically to avoid high-risk primary colonic anastomosis in the face of peritonitis. Experimental and clinical data have established the Coloshield®as safe, with few clinical complications reported. This is a review of the literature and a case report of a complication of an intracolonic bypass that was found to have eroded through the colon in the early postoperative period.
Effect of oxidative stress and acidosis on diaphragm contractile function

Acidosis during exercise has long been associated with skeletal muscle fatigue. Recent evidence also has linked reactive oxygen species (ROS) with fatigue in skeletal muscle, including the diaphragm. We hypothesized that acidosis (designed to mimic blood pH during maximal exercise) would worsen ROS-induced depression of diaphragm contractility. The xanthine oxidase (XO) reaction in solution (0.01 U/ml) allows direct assessment of the effects of oxidant stress by ROS. Costal diaphragm fiber bundles from 24 Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided into four treatment groups: 1) pH 7.4, no XO (H); 2) pH 7.4 + XO (HXO); 3) pH 7.0, no XO (L); and 4) pH 7.0 + XO (LXO). Baseline twitch mechanics and force-frequency relationships (Pre) were determined in control Krebs solution (pH 7.4, no XO) before treatment. Treatment solutions were introduced, and the diaphragm underwent 2 min of contractions at 25 Hz (250 ms) at a rate of 1/s. After 10 min of recovery, the control solution was reintroduced into the bath and postcontractile function (Post) was measured. Significant reductions in twitch tension and low-frequency tetanic tension were greater in HXO and LXO compared with H, without an effect on maximal tetanic tension. One-half relaxation time was prolonged only by the combination of acidosis and oxidative stress. Addition of superoxide dismutase (50 U/ml) worsened and catalase (1,800 U/ml) attenuated XO-induced depression of diaphragm contractility. We concluded that XO induced a reduction of low-frequency tension in the fatigued diaphragm, which was mediated directly or indirectly through hydrogen peroxide and was exacerbated to a modest extent with acidosis.
The measurement of the strength of muscle relative to the cross section.

(1948). The Measurement of the Strength of Muscle Relative to the Cross Section. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 295-303.
Computationally Characterizing Genomic Pipelines Using High-confident Call Sets

In this paper, we describe some available high-confident call sets that have been developed to test the accuracy of called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from next-generation sequencing. We use these calls to test and parameterize the GATK best practice pipeline on the computing cluster at the University of Kentucky. Automated scripts to run the pipeline can be found at https://github.com/sallyrose0425/GATKBP. This study demonstrates the usefulness of high-confident call sets in validating and optimizing bioinformatics pipelines, estimates computational needs for genomic analysis, and provides scripts for an automated GATK best practices pipeline.
A sensor fusion methodology for obstacle avoidance robot

Obstacle detection and navigation of dynamic environments is a challenge in mobile robotics. To address this challenge, this paper presents an efficient sensor fusion methodology to detect the size and location of obstacles and navigate the mobile robot with high accuracy. This is done by leveraging upon the unique advantages of accuracy in both ultrasonic sensor and a Kinect sensor for near-field and far-fields respectively. Further, an efficient Kalman filter is implemented to reduce the systematic errors in encoder data to track robot pose of the robot in real-time and reach the destination with high accuracy. Implemented on differential drive-based mobile robot, the proposed system has been validated with a high efficiency of detecting obstacles and reaching the destination with an accuracy of 5cm.
Past as Prologue

1. Robin Throne[1][1][⇑][2] 1. 1Northcentral University, San Diego, CA, USA 1. Robin Throne, Northcentral University, Historic Decatur Rd., Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92106, USA. Email: rthrone{at}ncu.edu What would happen if no cotton was furnished for three years?
The myth of the rete mirabile in man

A case is reported with narrowing of both of the carotid arteries in the neck extending to involve the vessels intracranially. A hypervascularized area surrounds the markedly attenuated carotid siphons. This condition was at first considered to be an example of the rete mirabile in man, but careful study disproved this view. The investigation and subsequent clarification of this fascinating mythological organ, as far as man is concerned, is reported. We have hoped by this report to make it clear why the use of the term rete mirabile, as has been practiced by many contemporary clinical workers, should be discontinued if only for the sake of accuracy. The collaterals between the external and internal carotid systems which have been observed in humans by angiography have no similarity either in gross anatomical characteristics, and certainly not in histological features, with the carotid rete which has been demonstrated so beautifully by Davis and Story, Daniel, Dawes and Pritchard and by Gillilan and Markesbery in sheep, cats, goats, oxen and pigs. The rete mirabile has never been dissected out in man, much less examined under the microscope, since it does not exist in the human. So, we would plead for the elimination of the term rete mirabile from use in clinical medicine until this structure of such fascinating personality and discreet structure in animals, has been demonstrated in man, not radiographically, but by gross anatomical and histological methods.
Context-sensitive data-dependence analysis via linear conjunctive language reachability

Many program analysis problems can be formulated as graph reachability problems. In the literature, context-free language (CFL) reachability has been the most popular formulation and can be computed in subcubic time. The context-sensitive data-dependence analysis is a fundamental abstraction that can express a broad range of program analysis problems. It essentially describes an interleaved matched-parenthesis language reachability problem. The language is not context-free, and the problem is well-known to be undecidable. In practice, many program analyses adopt CFL-reachability to exactly model the matched parentheses for either context-sensitivity or structure-transmitted data-dependence, but not both. Thus, the CFL-reachability formulation for context-sensitive data-dependence analysis is inherently an approximation. To support more precise and scalable analyses, this paper introduces linear conjunctive language (LCL) reachability, a new, expressive class of graph reachability. LCL not only contains the interleaved matched-parenthesis language, but is also closed under all set-theoretic operations. Given a graph with n nodes and m edges, we propose an O(mn) time approximation algorithm for solving all-pairs LCL-reachability, which is asymptotically better than known CFL-reachability algorithms. Our formulation and algorithm offer a new perspective on attacking the aforementioned undecidable problem - the LCL-reachability formulation is exact, while the LCL-reachability algorithm yields a sound approximation. We have applied the LCL-reachability framework to two existing client analyses. The experimental results show that the LCL-reachability framework is both more precise and scalable than the traditional CFL-reachability framework. This paper opens up the opportunity to exploit LCL-reachability in program analysis.
Structural Basis for Xenosiderophore Utilization by the Human Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus produces a cocktail of metallophores (staphylopine, staphyloferrin A, and staphyloferrin B) to scavenge transition metals during infection of a host. In addition, S. aureus displays the extracellular surface lipoproteins FhuD1 and FhuD2 along with the ABC transporter complex FhuCBG to facilitate the use of hydroxamate xenosiderophores such as desferrioxamine B (DFOB) for iron acquisition. DFOB is used as a chelation therapy to treat human iron overload diseases and has been linked to an increased risk of S. aureus infections. We used a panel of synthetic DFOB analogs and a FhuD2-selective trihydroxamate sideromycin to probe xenosiderophore utilization in S. aureus and establish structure–activity relationships for Fe(III) binding, FhuD2 binding, S. aureus growth promotion, and competition for S. aureus cell entry. Fe(III) binding assays and FhuD2 intrinsic fluorescence quenching experiments revealed that diverse chemical modifications of the terminal ends of linear ferrioxamine sider...
Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Alloy X-750 Exposed to BWR Environments

The effect of irradiation on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility and fracture toughness of alloy X-750 has been investigated. The material has been irradiated at a target temperature of 288 ℃ in the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory to a fluence of approximately 1.93 × 1020 n/cm2 (E >1 meV). Stress corrosion cracking crack growth rates were determined in both unirradiated and irradiated materials in normal water chemistry and hydrogen water chemistry environments. Although the effect of irradiation on tensile properties and fracture toughness was observed, there was no significant effect of irradiation observed on the propagation rate of stress corrosion cracks.
Profile of Illinois Supported Employment Specialists: An Analysis of Educational Background, Experience, and Related Employment Variables

Coordinators of Illinois supported employment programs were surveyed for information regarding the demographics and reasons for job turnover of employment specialists. In addition, the employment s...
OPTICAL AND SCATTERING STUDIES OF POLYMER BLENDS

Polymer blends in which components are either amorphous or crystalline are described. For amorphous blends, small angle x-ray and neutron scattering are used to characterize compatibility. The change in light scattering during phase separation is used to follow its kinetics. The morphology of blends in which one or both components are crystalline is characterized by microscopy, x-ray and light scattering. The location of the non-crystalline component is identified. Ancillary information is obtained from observations of melting point depression, Tg and crystallization kinetics.
Addressing barriers to effective cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: achievements, challenges, and roadmap to the next generation of nanoimmunotherapeutics

Abstract Cancer is a complex systemic disorder that affects many organs and tissues and arises from the altered function of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. One of the systems malfunctioning in cancer is the immune system. Restoring and improving the ability of the immune system to effectively recognize and eradicate cancer is the main focus of immunotherapy, a topic which has garnered recent and significant interest. The initial excitement about immunotherapy, however, has been challenged by its limited efficacy in certain patient populations and the development of adverse effects such as therapeutic resistance and autoimmunity. At the same time, a number of advances in the field of nanotechnology have sought to address the challenges faced by modern immunotherapeutics and allow these therapeutic strategies to realize their full potential. This endeavour requires an understanding of not only the immunological barriers in cancer but also the mechanisms by which modern technologies and immunotherapeutics modulate the function of the immune system. Herein, we summarize the major barriers relevant to cancer immunotherapy and review current progress in addressing these obstacles using various approaches and clinically approved therapies. We then discuss the remaining challenges and how they can be addressed by nanotechnology. We lay out translational considerations relevant to the therapies described and propose a framework for the development of next-generation nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies.
Telepsychotherapy for Trichotillomania: A Randomized Controlled Trial of ACT-Enhanced Behavior Therapy

Abstract Despite its prevalence, quality treatment for trichotillomania is often difficult to find. The use of telepsychology has been an effective method for disseminating treatment services for a variety of mental health conditions. However, no research has examined the use of telepsychology to treat trichotillomania. This randomized controlled trial used Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enhanced Behavior Therapy delivered by way of telepsychology to treat trichotillomania in adults. The study compared an active treatment condition (n = 12) to a delayed treatment waitlist control condition (n = 10). Results showed significant reductions in hair pulling severity from pre- to post-treatment compared to the waitlist condition. The 22 participants all received treatment and were combined to examine overall treatment effects from pre-treatment to a 12-week follow-up. The effect of treatment on hair pulling severity remained significant at follow-up. Measures of psychological flexibility and perceived shame also saw significant improvement. Quality of life, however, did not improve over the course of treatment. The findings demonstrate that telepsychology is a viable option to disseminate treatment for trichotillomania.
Real-time big data warehousing and analysis framework

Big Data technology is gradually becoming a dire need of large enterprises. These enterprises are producing large amount of offline and streaming data in both structured and unstructured forms on daily basis. Moreover, it is a challenging task to effectively extract useful insights from this type of complex data. On the other hand, the traditional systems are unable to efficiently manage transactional data history of more than a few months. This paper presents a framework to efficiently manage and effectively analyze massively large and complex datasets. The framework can be very effective for the communication industry which is bound by the regulators to manage significant history of their subscribers' call records, where every single action of a subscriber generates a packet containing more than 500 attributes. The analyses of transactional data allows the service providers to better understand their customers' behavior, for example, deep packet inspection requires transactional internet usage data to explain the data usage behaviour of the subscribers. On the contrary, relational database systems limit the service providers to only maintain semantic level call history which is aggregated at subscriber-level. The framework addresses the mentioned challenges by leveraging Big Data technology which optimally manages and allows deep analysis of large and complex datasets. The framework has been applied on a communication service provider producing massive amount of streaming data in binary format. It has been used to offload the existing Intelligent Network Mediation and Relational DataWarehouse of the service provider on Big Data technology. The service provider has 50+ million subscriber-base with yearly growth of 7–10%. The end-to-end CDR processing takes not more than 10 minutes which involves binary to ASCII decoding of call detail records, stitching of various interrogations against a call (transformations) and aggregations of transformed call records of a subscriber.
Three Methods of Pelvic Fixation for Scoliosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Differences at 5-year Follow-Up.

Study design A retrospective review. Objective The aim of this study was to assess correction of pelvic obliquity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) scoliosis postoperatively and 5 years after posterior spinal fusion with pelvic fixation using unit rods, sacral-alar-iliac (SAI) screws, or iliac screws. Summary of background data There are multiple options for pelvic fixation in children with scoliosis secondary to CP. The long-term differences in outcomes between these fixation methods are still unclear. Methods A multicenter review identified records of 70 children with CP who underwent posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis using unit rods (n = 9), SAI screws (n = 19), or iliac screws (n = 42). Patients younger than 18 years with 5-year follow-up were included. Pelvic obliquity and major coronal curve measurements were compared using preoperative, (first erect) postoperative, and 5-year follow-up radiographs. Implant-related complications were noted. Alpha = 0.05. Results For all groups, there was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative pelvic obliquity that was maintained at 5 years. At 5-year follow-up, pelvic obliquity was significantly higher in the IS group (12°) compared with the unit rod group (4°, P = 0.001) and SAI screw group (6°) (P = 0.006). Implant-related complications were as follows: unit rod group, one patient (reoperation); SAI screw group, none; iliac screw group, six patients, including three cases of loss of connection between the rod and the iliac screw, two prominent screws, and one loose screw. Conclusion Correction of pelvic obliquity for children with CP-related scoliosis was achieved postoperatively using unit rods, SAI screws, and iliac screws. Implant-related complications and reoperations were most common in the iliac screw group. At 5-year follow-up, the iliac screw group had loss of major curve correction and less correction of pelvic obliquity than the unit rod and SAI screw groups. Level of evidence 3.
Critical Classroom Praxis and Conclusion

Bringing these data together creates a narrative of exemplary urban teachers who are not only aware and understanding of their students, but conscious of their role as teachers in mitigating the challenging circumstances that youth face. It is important to understand that this is not just “good teaching”, that there are multiple levels to their proficiency and connections with the youth. Ladson-Billings (1995) touched on this in her own work with successful teachers of African American students when looking at the ways that her participants were operating with culturally relevant pedagogy.
Water Supply Economics

Urban water supply and sanitation systems play an important role in maintaining public health and safety. Many public water utilities, which build and operate water systems, also provide wastewater collection and treatment service. This chapter is focused primarily on the costs of water supply and, to a lesser extent, on the economics of wastewater treatment and reclamation.
Detecting changes in unlabeled data streams using martingale

The martingale framework for detecting changes in data stream, currently only applicable to labeled data, is extended here to unlabeled data using clustering concept. The one-pass incremental changedetection algorithm (i) does not require a sliding window on the data stream, (ii) does not require monitoring the performance of the clustering algorithm as data points are streaming, and (iii) works well for high-dimensional data streams. To enhance the performance of the martingale change detection method, the multiple martingale test method using multiple views is proposed. Experimental results show (i) the feasibility of the martingale method for detecting changes in unlabeled data streams, and (ii) the multiple-martingale test method compares favorably with alternative methods using the recall and precision measures for the video-shot change detection problem.
RAREFACTION VELOCITIES IN SHOCKED TANTALUM AND THE HIGH PRESSURE MELTING POINT

The optical analyzer technique has been used to determine the pressure at which shock compressed tantalum can no longer support a longitudinal elastic wave. At 295 GPa, the release wave velocity drops to a value consistent with a calculated bulk sound velocity, indicating partial melting. At higher shock pressures, the bulk sound velocity follows a constant rho ..gamma.. model, where ..gamma.. is the Grueneisen parameter. With these measurements we have identified melting on the Ta Hugonitot, and we have calibrated Ta as a high impedance driver for similar experiments on other materials.
A validated symptomatic BKV risk assessment score in patient post allogeneic stem cell transplant.

e18536Background: BKV, Polyomavirus hominis 1, is a member of the family Polyomaviridae, is a non-enveloped virion; in the 1980s, it emerged as an important pathogen in SCT recipients. In the absen...
Peroxynitrite and 4-Hydroxynonenal Inactivate Breast Cancer Resistance Protein/ABCG2.

Oxidative stress may arise from a variety of pathologies and results in the formation of toxic and reactive chemical species. Extensive research has been done to establish mechanisms of formation and cytotoxic effects of a number of different products of oxidation stress including peroxynitrite (PN) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE). However, relatively few studies have investigated their effects on ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of PN and 4HNE on BCRP/ABCG2. To eliminate the effect of metabolic enzymes, the experiments were carried out with inside-out Sf9 membrane vesicles overexpressing BCRP/ABCG2 using riboflavin as a substrate. The experiments revealed that PN produced IC50 of about 31.2 ± 2.7 μM, based upon initial concentrations. The IC50 for 4HNE was estimated to be 92 ± 1.4 μM. Preincubation of membrane vesicles with either PN or 4HNE caused the maximal rate of transport ( ) to drop drastically, up to 19 times, with no or much smaller effect on . Thus, PN and 4NE can inhibit BCRP transport activity.
What Do We Know About Secondary Mathematics Teacher Preparation in the United States

The structures of secondary mathematics teacher preparation (SMTP) programs in the United States are not well documented. This study sought to identify baseline data for SMTP programs. Survey data was collected from 86 different institutions regarding their SMTP programs. Results indicated that most SMTP programs are housed in mathematics departments, with programs often producing less than 10 teachers per year. Additionally, four-year SMTP programs were most common, with nearly all requiring a teaching methods course as well as clinical experiences. Tenure or tenure-track faculty did most student teaching supervision. Half of the participating institutions reported having a capstone course.
A stimulator for laboratory studies of motion sickness in cats.

A motion sickness device is described which produces motion sickness in about 40 percent of an unselected population of unrestrained female cats during a 30-min exposure at 0.28 Hz. The apparatus provides a gentle wave stimulus, similar to that provided by an amusement park Ferris Wheel. Two cats may be tested at the same time. This device is useful for studies of putative antimotion sickness drugs or the biochemical basis of the emetic response to motion.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Paclitaxel Analogues and Discovery of Potent Antitumor Agents.

A series of new paclitaxel analogues, such as (I)—(IV) is synthesized and screened for their cytotoxic activity.
Kishner reduction-elimination of α-substituted ketones

Abstract From the early observation by Kizhner that heteroatom substituents at the α position of a ketone were lost during the reaction to give an olefinic product, the reduction of such compounds has been the focus of research into the reaction, especially after the advent of the Huang-Minlon modification made the reaction experimentally simple. From these researches, Nelson Leonard at Illinois played a leading early role in defining the scope and limitations of the reaction. Later, the hyrazinolysis of α-epoxyketones under acid catalysis was shown by Wharton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to provide a valuable method for the 1,3-transposition of oxygen functionality. The reaction, which proceeds with predictable stereochemistry, now bears his name. More recently, the aza analog of the reaction, using 2-acylaziridines in place of the epoxyketones, has attracted interest due to its ability to give allylic amines with known stereochemistry. The reaction of the α, b-epoxyketones with tosylhydrazine leads to fragmentation to give an acetylenic ketone in a reaction now known as the Eschenmoser fragmentation.
Occupational Patterns of Structural Brain Health: Independent Contributions Beyond Education, Gender, Intelligence, and Age

Occupational activity represents a large percentage of people's daily activity and thus likely is as impactful for people's general and cognitive health as other lifestyle components such as leisure activity, sleep, diet, and exercise. Different occupations, however, require different skills, abilities, activities, credentials, work styles, etc., constituting a rich multidimensional formative exposure with likely consequences for brain development over the lifespan. In the current study, we were interested in how different occupations with their different attributes relate to five variables: structural brain health, duration of early-life education, gender, IQ, and age, although the main focus was the relationship to brain health. To this end, we used the Occupation Information Network (O∗NET), which provides quantification of occupations along 246 items. Occupational patterns with different loadings for these 246 items were derived from 277 community-dwelling adults, ranging in age from 40 to 80, based upon the five subject measures. We found significant patterns underlying four of our variables of interest, with gender and education predictably showing the most numerous and strongest associations, while brain health and intelligence showed weaker associations, and age did not manifest any associations. For the occupational pattern associated with brain health, we found mainly positive associations on items pertaining to rigorous problem-solving, leadership, responsibility, and information processing. We emphasize that the findings are correlational and cannot establish causation. Future extensions of this work will assess the influence of occupation on future cognitive brain status and cognitive performance.
Atrophy and Death of Nonpeptidergic and Peptidergic Nociceptive Neurons in SIV Infection.

HIV-associated sensory neuropathy is a common neurologic comorbidity of HIV infection and prevails in the post–antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. HIV infection drives pathologic changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) through inflammation, altered metabolism, and neuronal dysfunction. Herein, we characterized specific neuronal populations in an SIV-infected macaque model with or without ART. DRG neuronal populations were identified by neurofilament H-chain 200, I-B4 isolectin (IB4), or tropomyosin receptor kinase A expression and assessed for cell body diameter, population size, apoptotic markers, and regeneration signaling. IB4+ and tropomyosin receptor kinase A–positive neurons showed a reduced cell body size (atrophy) and decreased population size (cell death) in the DRG of SIV-infected animals compared with uninfected animals. IB4+ nonpeptidergic neurons were less affected in the presence of ART. DRG neurons showed accumulation of cleaved caspase 3 (apoptosis) and nuclear-localized activating transcription factor 3 (regeneration) in SIV infection, which was significantly lower in uninfected animals and SIV-infected animals receiving ART. Nonpeptidergic neurons predominantly colocalized with cleaved caspase 3 staining. Nonpeptidergic and peptidergic neurons colocalized with nuclear-accumulated activating transcription factor 3, showing active regeneration in sensory neurons. These data suggest that nonpeptidergic and peptidergic neurons are susceptible to pathologic changes from SIV infection, and intervention with ART did not fully ameliorate damage to the DRG, specifically to peptidergic neurons.
The benefits of daily exercise on blood glucose levels and affect among adults with type 1 diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent and lagged effects of daily exercise on daily blood glucose level and affect among persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). 199 persons with T1D (Mage = 46.82) completed a 14-day diary in which they reported on their engagement in moderate to vigorous exercise for 30 min and positive and negative affect. Daily blood glucose (BG) was gathered through study-provided glucometers. Multilevel modeling examined the effects of daily variability in (within-person effects) and average levels of (between-person effects) daily exercise on BG and affect. On days when persons with T1D reported they exercised moderately to vigorously for 30 min, they had lower mean BG, higher risk for low BG, lower negative affect, and higher positive affect on the same day as well as lower mean BG on the following day. Engaging in daily exercise is important in managing daily blood glucose and affect among persons with T1D, but can be complicated by hypoglycemia.
Content Marketing – Implikationen und Begriffsdefinition

Dieses Kapitel liefert die wichtigsten Implikationen aus der bisherigen Begriffsarbeit und leitet einen Definitionsansatz ab.
Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Older Nursing Home Residents After Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Evidence regarding differences in outcomes between angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) among older nursing home (NH) residents after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is limited. The purpose of our study was to estimate the post-AMI effects of ARBs versus ACEIs on mortality, rehospitalization, and functional decline outcomes in this important population. This retrospective cohort study used national Medicare claims linked to Minimum Data Set assessments. The study population included individuals aged ≥ 65 years who resided in a US NH ≥ 30 days, were hospitalized for AMI between May 2007 and March 2010, and returned to the NH. We compared 90-day mortality, rehospitalization, and functional decline outcomes between ARB and ACEI users with inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. Of the 2765 NH residents, 270 (9.8%) used ARBs and 2495 (90.2%) used ACEIs. The mean age of ARB versus ACEI users was 82.3 versus 82.7 years, respectively. No marked differences existed between ARB and ACEI users for mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–1.79], rehospitalization (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.90–1.65), or functional decline (OR 1.23; 95% CI 0.88–1.74). In subgroup analyses, ARBs were associated with increased mortality and rehospitalization in individuals with moderate to severe cognitive impairment and with increased rehospitalization in those aged < 85 years. Our findings align with prior data and suggest that clinicians can prescribe either ARBs or ACEIs post-AMI for secondary prevention in NH residents, although the subgroup findings merit further scrutiny and replication. Providers should consider factors such as patient preferences, class-specific adverse events, and costs when prescribing.