cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myriapoda (Including Centipedes and Millipedes)

The Myriapoda comprises four classes of terrestrial arthropods: Chilopoda or centipedes, Diplopoda or millipedes, Symphyla and Pauropoda. Myriapods are generally found in soil and litter and have a worldwide distribution. Approximately 13 000 species are known. Myriapods share a five- or six-segmented head, a single pair of antennae, uniramous (unbranched) limbs and an elongate trunk without obvious tagmatisation. The Chilopoda and Diplopoda are the largest classes, numbering respectively approximately 3000 and 10 000 described species. Centipedes are carnivorous and share poison claws derived from the first pair of trunk limbs, whereas the other classes are primarily detritivores and may be significant contributors to litter breakdown and nutrient turnover. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that the Myriapoda comprise a monophyletic group and a sister taxon to the Pancrustacea (Crustacea and Insecta). They were among the first animals to colonise land. Key Concepts: Myriapoda comprise four classes of terrestrial arthropods: Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (millipedes), Symphyla and Pauropoda. Centipedes are carnivorous, possessing unique poison claws on the first trunk (post head) segment. Millipedes are characterised by diplosegments – pairs of trunk segments sharing a single tergal plate. Millipedes, symphylans and pauropods are detritivores, occurring primarily in soils and leaf litter. Myriapods have separate sexes (gonochoristic), and sperm transfer generally involves the exchange of one or more spermatophores via specialised appendages. Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports monophyly of the Myriapoda, with the Myriapoda probably comprising a sister taxon to the Pancrustacea (Crustacea and Insecta). Both centipedes and millipedes have fossil records dating back to the mid-upper Silurian (ca. 420 mya) and probably colonised land prior to insects. Myriapods and insects share several derived traits representing adaptations to land: tracheal systems, predominantly uniramous (unbranched) limbs and excretory Malpighian tubules opening into the hindgut. Keywords: centipede; millipede; pauropod; symphylan; arthropod
Attenuation-corrected fluorescence extraction for image-guided surgery in spatial frequency domain

A new approach to retrieve the attenuation-corrected fluorescence using spatial frequency-domain imaging is demonstrated. Both in vitro and ex vivo experiments showed the technique can compensate for the fluorescence attenuation from tissue absorption and scattering. This approach has potential in molecular image-guided surgery.
The low male voice is a costly signal of phenotypic quality among Bolivian adolescents

Abstract The human voice is one of the most conspicuous and dimorphic human secondary sexual characteristics; males' low fundamental and formant frequencies barely overlap with females'. Researchers often assert that low male voices are costly signals of phenotypic quality; however, no evidence currently exists linking low voices with indicators of quality (i.e., health or physical condition) during the ages where the larynx develops to adult proportions. In the present study, we examine the relationships between condition, testosterone, and vocal parameters in 91 Bolivian peri-pubertal adolescent males. Condition is operationalized as immune function (based on secretory IgA) and energetic reserves (BMI-for-age residuals from Tsimane-specific growth curves, and body fat percentage), and "masculine" vocal parameters is operationalized as having low fundamental frequency, narrow formant position, and low fundamental-frequency variation. We target peri-pubertal individuals to capture variation in vocal parameters during the canalization period for vocal fold and vocal tract growth. Results indicate that males in better energetic condition have higher testosterone levels and lower voices, controlling for age. Further, testosterone mediates the relationship between condition and a lower voice (i.e., lower fundamental and formant frequencies). We suggest that testosterone plays a key mediating role in the causal pathway linking phenotypic condition to a "masculine" voice. Our results provide support for a costly-signal model of low men's voices.
An Unsupervised Aspect-Sentiment Model for Online Reviews

With the increase in popularity of online review sites comes a corresponding need for tools capable of extracting the information most important to the user from the plain text data. Due to the diversity in products and services being reviewed, supervised methods are often not practical. We present an unsuper-vised system for extracting aspects and determining sentiment in review text. The method is simple and flexible with regard to domain and language, and takes into account the influence of aspect on sentiment polarity, an issue largely ignored in previous literature. We demonstrate its effectiveness on both component tasks, where it achieves similar results to more complex semi-supervised methods that are restricted by their reliance on manual annotation and extensive knowledge sources.
Effect of Microstructure on Pulse Electrical Strength of MgO

Pulse electrical strengths of hot-pressed MgO containing 0.3 wt% LiF were measured. Strengths as high as 5.9×108 V/in. were obtained on samples 99.8% of theoretical density with 1-to 3-μm grain size. An increase of either porosity or grain size resulted in a monotonic decrease in strength. Single-crystal strengths of 4.0×106 V/in. were obtained by polishing samples chemically. A simple recessed-electrode configuration eliminated corona effects.
A Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Difference Spectrum Associated with the Reduction of A1 in Photosystem I: Are Both Phylloquinones Involved in Electron Transfer?†

Photoaccumulated Fourier transform infrared difference spectra associated with P700+ and P700+A1- formation have been obtained using purified photosystem I particles from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. From these spectra, a difference spectrum associated with phylloquinone reduction (A1- − A1) has been calculated. Infrared absorption changes associated with both the loss of the ground state and formation of the anion radical are observed in the difference spectrum. Fourier transform infrared difference spectra obtained in various spectral regions indicate that two, structurally distinct phylloquinones are photoaccumulated. This could indicate that phylloquinones on both the PsaA and PsaB branches are involved in electron transfer, and that electron transfer is bi-directional in photosystem I. It could also indicate an intrinsic structural heterogeneity in the A1 binding site of the active branch. Several FTIR difference features taken together indicate that a glutamic acid residue (at position 699 or 702 on ...
General Description of the NRL Sector-Focusing Cyclotron Facility

The nuclear physics research facilities at NRL are presently being expanded by the addition of a Sector-Focusing Cyclotron Facility. The Cyclotron is essentially a copy of the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron and much of the facility concept is patterned after the Oak Ridge Installation. A beam optics system was designed that satisfied the specified criteria as to image quality, and then a building design was coupled to this beam optics system. Included in the facility are a cyclotron and beam preparation vault, and three experimental rooms which are sufficiently well shielded from each other and from the cyclotron vault, so that personnel have access to any two experimental areas while the third is utilizing the cyclotron beam. Eleven separate beam paths will permit set-up of many different experiments simultaneously. The main experimental wing of the building also includes two experimental staging areas, a control room, and a data accumulation room. A laboratory-office wing provides space for check-out of various apparatus, a target preparation room, a machine shop, a darkroom, counting rooms, a library, a conference room, and offices for the staff. The facility will be used to study nuclear interaction mechanisms, polarization phenomena, nuclear structure, heavy ion, and neutron physics, as well as various areas of applied research.
Effect of the local propagation model on LOS microcellular system design

Linear microcells have been proposed for PCS systems employing low base station antennas. The layout of linear cells in such a system will depend on the characteristics of the propagation on line-of-sight (LOS) radio links, which have been measured by various groups. For planning purposes, it is common to use a power law dependence of the path loss on distance, together with slow fading statistics, both of which are obtained from the measurements by the regression analysis. The simplest regression analysis fits a single straight line to measurements of path loss (dB) plotted versus the logarithm of the antenna separation. However, it has been found that a two-segment regression fit gives a more accurate representation for the trend of the path loss variation, and as a consequence results in a smaller standard deviation for the slow fading statistics. In this paper, we show how the use of the two-segment regression leads to a more efficient system design employing less base stations to achieve the same quality of service (QOS).
Helper virus is not required for in vitro erythroid transformation of hematopoietic cells by Friend virus.

Abstract The Friend polycythemia virus complex (FVP), consisting of the replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) and a helper Friend murine leukemia virus (MuLV-F), produces erythroleukemia within 2-3 weeks in vivo. We have recently reported in vitro transformation of bone marrow cells by FVP, producing clusters of erythroid colonies (erythroid bursts) 4-6 days after infection. In contrast to uninfected bone marrow cells, FVP-treated cells proliferated and differentiated (synthesized hemoglobin) in the absence of added erythropoietin, the physiologic regulator of erythropoiesis. The relative roles of helper murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and SFFV in the in vitro erythroid transformation have now been examined. Pseudotype studies and the finding that cloned MuLV-F (free of SFFV) did not induce burst formation indicated that SFFV was essential for this in vitro effect of FVP. Because SFFV could not be obtained free of helper MuLV, we assessed the requirement of MuLV in the transformation by kinetic analyses of helper-deficient and helper-excess FVP preparations. Whereas helper-excess FVP gave single-hit kinetics both in vivo and in vitro, the helper-deficient FVP followed multiple-hit kinetics when titrated for spleen focus formation in vivo. Addition of MuLV-F to helper-deficient FVP prior to injection resulted in a marked enhancement of spleen focus formation and a conversion from multiple-hit to single-hit kinetics. In contrast, titration of this same preparation for erythroid burst transformation in vitro yielded single-hit kinetics, and the addition of helper MuLV-F had no effect. The time course of burst development was similar with or without added MuLV-F. Unlike burst transformation, SFFV production by these infected cultures followed multiple-hit kinetics. Addition of MuLV-F at the time of infection led to an enhancement of SFFV production and conversion of the titration curve from multiple-hit to single-hit. These data are consistent with the idea that SFFV is competent for erythroid transformation in vitro, but requires helper MuLV for its replication.
Peer-Reviewed Articles Too Many Hunters or Not Enough Deer? Human and Biological Determinants of Hunter Satisfaction and Quality

This paper explores how the human dimensions of wildlife management (hunter density, contact with others, perceived crowding) are related to the biological dimensions of deer management (deer population, seeing, shooting, bagging) to produce satisfying and high quality hunts.
Hindcasting of decadal-timescale estuarine bathymetric change with a tidal-timescale model

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): F04019, doi:10.1029/2008JF001191.
The Budget Enforcement Act in 1992: Necessary But Not Sufficient

The 1992 budget process followed the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (BEA) script, although not without a protracted conflict concerning the walls separating the three categories of discretionary spending. The walls were retained, spending caps were met, and the process was timely. What deficit reduction occurred was the result of spending below the FY 1993 defense cap. Congress neither raised taxes nor cut entitlements to reduce the deficit further. The deficit grew significantly, driven by entitlement spending, chiefly health care programs. The limits of the BEA approach to spending control and deficit reduction became apparent.
Metabolic Engineering of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum for Increased n-Butanol Production

Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum shows promise as a host for n-butanol production since it natively has the required genes involved in the n-butanol biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression of the natively occurring bcs operon containing the genes thl, hbd, crt, bcd, etfA, and etfB responsible for the formation of butyryl CoA increased the n-butanol production by 180% compared to the wild type from a n-butanol titer of 1.8 mM to 5.1 mM. The deletion of one of the six alcohol dehydrogenase genes confirmed that it was the primary gene responsible for ethanol and n-butanol production from acetyl CoA and butyryl CoA respectively.
Melting and phase transitions of RbCl to 10 kilobars

Melting determinations on spectrographic grade RbCl by differential thermal analysis in an internally-heated, gas-media apparatus gave the following constants for the Simon equation, P − Po = A[(T/To)c−1] (bars, Kelvin). For RbClI=L, Po = 1, To = 993.45, A = 8122, c = 5.02, sd = 0.5 K. For RbClII = L, Po = 7750, To = 1131.15, A = 5061, c = 6.40, sd = 1.0 K. The solid-solid transition RbClI=II determined by DTA is described by P = 4490 + T/0.35. The best-fit triple point lies on a liquidus cusp at 1134 K, 7790 b. The results for melting are 3–7 K higher than earlier results. The new determinations are useful in the calibration of experimental apparatus at moderate pressure. They confirm that temperature calibration cannot explain divergent liquidus determinations for the system Ab-H2O.
Myogenin and Class II HDACs Control Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy by Inducing E3 Ubiquitin Ligases

Maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function requires innervation by motor neurons, such that denervation causes muscle atrophy. We show that myogenin, an essential regulator of muscle development, controls neurogenic atrophy. Myogenin is upregulated in skeletal muscle following denervation and regulates expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and atrogin-1, which promote muscle proteolysis and atrophy. Deletion of myogenin from adult mice diminishes expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in denervated muscle and confers resistance to atrophy. Mice lacking histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5 in skeletal muscle fail to upregulate myogenin and also preserve muscle mass following denervation. Conversely, forced expression of myogenin in skeletal muscle of HDAC mutant mice restores muscle atrophy following denervation. Thus, myogenin plays a dual role as both a regulator of muscle development and an inducer of neurogenic atrophy. These findings reveal a specific pathway for muscle wasting and potential therapeutic targets for this disorder.
Ultraviolet light-induced inhibition of small nuclear RNA synthesis

Two apparently distinct types of inhibition of the synthesis of U1, U2, U3, U4, and U5 small nuclear RNA, induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, have been described before: immediate and delayed. Our present observations can be summarized as follows: a) neither the immediate nor the delayed inhibition appear to be mediated by the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, since they were not prevented by photoreactivating light, in ICR 2A frog cells; b) the inhibition of U1 RNA synthesis, monitored in HeLa cells within the first few minutes after irradiation, extrapolated to a substantial suppression at time zero of postirradiation cell incubation, providing further support for the proposal that the immediate inhibition is a reaction separate from the delayed UV light-induced inhibition of U1 RNA synthesis; c) the transition from the pattern of the immediate inhibition to that of the delayed inhibition (disappearance of the UV-resistant fraction of U1 RNA synthesis and increased rate of inhibition) occurred gradually, without an apparent threshold, within the first 2 hr of incubation after irradiation; and d) the incident UV dose that resulted in a 37% level of residual U1 RNA synthesis (D37) during the delayed inhibition was about 7 J/m2, with an apparent UV dose threshold, and was about 60 J/m2 for the immediate inhibition.
The corollary discharge in humans is related to synchronous neural oscillations

How do animals distinguish between sensations coming from external sources and those resulting from their own actions? A corollary discharge system has evolved that involves the transmission of a copy of motor commands to sensory cortex, where the expected sensation is generated. Through this mechanism, sensations are tagged as coming from self, and responsiveness to them is minimized. The present study investigated whether neural phase synchrony between motor command and auditory cortical areas is related to the suppression of the auditory cortical response. We recorded electrocorticograms from the human brain during a vocalizing/listening task. Neural phase synchrony between Broca's area and auditory cortex in the gamma band (35 to â¼50 Hz) in the 50-msec time window preceding speech onset was greater during vocalizing than during listening to a playback of the same spoken sounds. Because prespeech neural synchrony was correlated (r = -.83, p =.006), with the subsequent suppression of the auditory cortical response to the spoken sound, we hypothesize that phase synchrony in the gamma band between Broca's area and auditory cortex is the neural instantiation of the transmission of a copy of motor commands. We suggest that neural phase synchrony of gamma frequencies may contribute to transmission of corollary discharges in humans.
Matching: Board size and executive span

Since the Pennsylvania-Central Railroad downfall in 1969, and the minority and societal pressures of the 1970’s, boards of directors and corporate level management have come under critical examination by social science investigators. Central to the study of these comnonents within complex organizations is the notion that viable systems seek self-stabilization in correlating the changing demands of the organization’s task environment with the internal processes of the technological core. In this sense, the organization’s board of directors, as well as higher level management, provides the boundary spanning function of monitoring and negotiating the external en& ronment, e.g., accepting representatives of outside financial institutions on the corporate board of directors increases the probabihty of access to financial resources for the duration of the interface between the organization and that particular sector of the environment. Frequently, individuals are replaced in top management ranks in order to bring in new administrative resources and ideas to deal with contingencies arising out of the changing task environment. Certainly Thompson [22] is correct in arguing that the organization behaves like an open system at the institutional level of management in contraist to the more structured (closed system) of the internal productive functions of the manufacturing enterprise. Coordination of these changes in both the board of directors and in the executive span of leadership is generally referred to as the “administrative process” [ 221. Certainly a rare opportunity for examining the administrative process occurs when new leadership is introduced into the organiztition. Although treated “tangentially” in Thompson’s [22:79] description of complex organizations in action, the succession of the chiefexecutive provides the primer for further modification in the administrative structure of the organization. In this sense the new leader may be considered the agent or catalyst for organizational change. As Grusky observes, “Bureaucracies, with-
ABORDAGEM CTS NA ARTICULAÇÃO DAS DISCIPLINAS

The CTS studies (Science, Technology andSociety), enclose innumerable philosophical, sociologicaland historical programs, and have as objective to fight theimage of science as pure and neutral activity, to criticize theconception neutral and applied of the technology and toprovoke the public participation in the taking of decisions.The known approach as CTS, searchs to relate Science,Technology and Society. Thus, the boarding that will bemade, here, is centered in questions of reality of the people,who, give credit themselves, become the more attractivepertaining to school contents for the student. In thisdirection, studies of the concepts and the biologicalconsequences will be presented, for the human beings, of theradiation emitted for the cellular telephone and of theultraviolet radiation come from the Sun, in a perspective ofjoint of discipline.Key-Words - CTS, radiation, joint.
The AI/OR interface

There are a variety of opportunities for blending tools, techniques, and concepts associated with operations research (OR) with those associated with artificial intelligence (AI). The author discusses two of these opportunities: (1) integrating decision analysis and expert systems and (2) integrating heuristic search and dynamic programming. >
2015 Meeting of the National Directors of Graduate Studies in Pharmacology and Physiology

Researchers trained in pharmacology and physiology must possess not only a comprehensive knowledge of chemistry and the nature of compounds but also a deep understanding of physiology and predict h...
Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese land-based gillnet fishery for salmon

Mortality rates of seabirds in the Japanese land-based drift gillnet fishery for salmon were assessed from 413 gillnet sets made by Japanese research vessels in offshore areas used by the commercial fleet. Sixteen species of seabirds were recorded in nets. Shearwaters, primarily Short-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris), and to a lesser extent Sooty Shearwaters (P. griseus), predominated in the catches, followed by lesser numbers of Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) and Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia). Catch-rates of seabirds varied by oceanographic zone, with most being caught in oceanic waters north of the Subarctic Front. Approximately 151,000 seabirds were killed in the offshore component of the land-based fishery in 1977. Mortality was reduced to about 57,000 seabirds in 1987 because ofa reduction in fishing effort. No estimates are available of seabird mortality in the nearshore component of the fishery. Mortality of seabirds in the land-based fishery is discussed with respect to other major drift gillnet fisheries in the North Pacific.
Smart sensing and analytics for cognitive health care

The rapidly growing elderly population in many parts of the world has started to impact private and public interests — emotionally, socially and economically. Specifically, current demographics, medical and social trends in the U.S. indicate a large population of older adults being at risk of early cognitive impairment and dementia. This motivates us to design innovative technology solutions for cognitive health assessment, care and well-being in elderly people in their own environments of daily life. Among many significant challenges involved in such technology assisted solutions, an important one is multi-modal sensing and complex sensor data analytics on resource constrained wearable and regularly used daily objects, particularly in the presence of uncertainty and noisy environments. An additional critical challenge is how to transfer the extracted knowledge into actionable information to be effectively used by family members, doctors and caregivers. This keynote talk will present our ongoing research on elderly cognitive care with the help of complex at-home activities recognition with smart wearable, and user emotional behavior signatures detection with smart chair. For activity recognition, our innovative methodology is the first of its kind that detects 21 fine-grained and complex at-home activities by wearable devices, as compared to typical 6–12 at-home activities recognized by relevant works in the existing literature. The smart chair based novel framework can accurately detect user functional and emotional activities, in addition to static and movement based sedentary postures that are more common in current works. In collaboration with Phelps County Regional Medical Center, the proposed solutions are being validated with clinical data and patient studies.
Antiplatelet Management for Coronary Heart Disease: Advances and Challenges

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death in the USA. CHD accounts for 48 % of all cardiovascular mortality or approximately one of every seven deaths. Disruption of atherosclerotic plaques--usually by rupture or erosion--and superimposed thrombosis can result in acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death. Silent plaque disruption may also occur and result in coronary plaque progression and ultimately the symptomatic manifestations of stable CHD. Antiplatelet agents remain the cornerstone therapy for acute thrombotic coronary syndromes and are essential for thromboprophylaxis against these events in patients with stable CHD. Antiplatelet drugs are also important adjunct therapies during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as they mitigate equipment-associated thrombotic complications that are partially induced by iatrogenic plaque rupture by interventionalists during balloon angioplasty in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Since the introduction of clopidogrel, there has been considerable development in this field with at least three novel P2Y12 antagonists approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the past decade. Rapidly accumulating evidence is helping to guide the optimal duration of treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy after stenting, especially with the newer drug-eluting stents. More data are also emerging on the hazards and long-term safety of these agents. It is therefore prudent for clinicians to remain current on treatment options and recent advances in this area. We herein review current and emerging antiplatelet therapies and summarize their characteristics and indications of use as well as challenges and areas of ongoing research.
Upgrades Vs. Downgrades: The Impact on Access to Information and Analysts' Forecast Accuracy

This study explores recent SEC concerns and anecdotal reports that managers provide or deny analysts access to information based on the favorableness of their stock recommendations. We examine the relative forecast accuracy of analysts before and after a change in their recommendation (either upward or downward) under the assumption that increases (decreases) to management-provided information will increase (decrease) analysts' relative forecast accuracy. We find that, after controlling for the age of forecasts: 1) analysts who upgrade their recommendations experience a significant increase in their relative forecast accuracy, 2) analysts who downgrade their recommendations do not experience a significant decrease in their relative forecast accuracy, but 3) downgrading analysts improve less in forecast accuracy than upgrading analysts following their respective recommendation change. In addition, we find that the greater increase in relative accuracy for the upgrade group compared to the downgrade group exists prior to the passage of Regulation FD but not after. Finally, we find that the proportion of analyst forecasts issued independently of other analysts (i.e., on days when other analysts do not forecast) declines more following a downgrade relative to an upgrade, suggesting that analysts receive less private information/rely more on public information following a downgrade relative to an upgrade. The combined results are consistent with analysts receiving relatively less management-provided information following a downgrade relative to an upgrade.
Specific Pharmacological Effects of Paroxetine Comprise Psychological but Not Somatic Symptoms of Depression

Background Meta-analyses of placebo-controlled trials of SSRIs suggest that only a small portion of the observable change in depression may be attributed to "true" pharmacological effects. But depression is a multidimensional construct, so treatment effects may differ by symptom cluster. We tested the hypothesis that SSRIs uniquely alter psychological rather than somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety. Method Outpatients with moderate to severe MDD were randomly assigned to receive paroxetine (n = 120) or placebo (n = 60). Results Paroxetine significantly outperformed placebo on all psychological subscales of the syndrome measures, but not on any of the somatic subscales. The difference in score reduction between paroxetine and placebo was more than twice as great for the psychological symptoms compared to the somatic symptoms. Conclusions Paroxetine appears to have a “true” pharmacological effect on the psychological but not on the somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety. Paroxetine's influence on somatic symptoms appears to be mostly duplicated by placebo.
The Uncanny Lives of Data Commodities

Market logics suffuse the anonymization, repackaging, and abstraction of health data. My data was transformed into a commodity through the innovations made upon it. This is the value of the commodity and through this transmutation, the data goes on to live a life of its own in the databases of the clinic, as well as all of the other enterprises where my data was transfered and innovated upon. Some of my medical data was also sourced from my credit card transactions and prescription data, which were sold to data brokers. Out of these sociotechnical confluences, these data things are born and take on lives of their own.
Leading-edge research in cluster, cloud, and grid computing

Architectures, networks, and systems and middleware technologies have been advancing.These advances lead to new concepts and platforms for computing, ranging from clusters and grids to clouds and datacenters.The CCGrid 2015 Conference discussed research and results on topics related to these concepts and platforms, and their applications.This special section presents five high-quality papers, extended from CCGrid 2015 papers.
The Pressure Distribution in a Liquid-Nitrogen Cold Trap

Considerable controversy exists in the literature with respect to the pressure drop across a cold trap. In 1915, W. Gaede [1] reported the results of his investigation designed to check the statement of Muller-Pouillet that a balance of pressure exists across a cold trap and the connecting tube used in determining the ultimate vacuum of mechanical mercury-sealed pumps. Gaede presented equations for the counter-diffusion of air and mercury vapor in the tube connecting the pump and cold trap over the whole range of pressures from molecular to laminar-viscous flow. In contradiction to Muller-Pouillet’s statement, Gaede showed that at low pressures a considerable pressure drop exists in the connecting tube because the conductance of the cold trap is small compared to its pumping rate. Although Gaede’s equations do not apply across the cold trap itself, his report is the earliest known to the present investigator indicating that a pressure drop is expected when a cold trap is used.
Full four-dimensional and reciprocal Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function of sintered polytetrafluoroethylene

We measured the Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a sintered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sample over the scattering hemisphere for six incident angles (0°-75° in 15° steps) and for four wavelengths (351 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, and 1064 nm). The data for each wavelength were fit to a phenomenological description for the Mueller matrix BRDF, which is an extension of the bidirectional surface scattering modes developed by Koenderink and van Doorn [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A.15, 2903 (1998)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.15.002903] for unpolarized BRDF. This description is designed to be complete, to obey the appropriate reciprocity conditions, and to provide a full description of the Mueller matrix BRDF as a function of incident and scattering directions for each wavelength. The description was further extended by linearizing the surface scattering mode coefficients with wavelength. This data set and its parameterization provides a comprehensive on-demand description of the reflectance properties for this commonly used diffuse reflectance reference material over a wide range of wavelengths.
Identification of errors and factors associated with errors in data from electronic swine feeders

Electronic swine feeders are used to automatically measure individual feed intake on group-housed pigs, but the resulting data contain errors caused by feeder malfunctions and animal-feeder interactions. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop criteria to identify errors in data from an electronic feeder that is predominant in the United States; 2) evaluate the frequency of errors in data from three consecutive experiments using the same feeders; and 3) identify factors associated with errors. Across experiments, data included 1,878,321 feed intake records (visits) on 1,721 pigs and 124 pens. Sixteen criteria were developed to detect errors in seven variables related to feed trough weights and times. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the presence or absence of each error type in identified visits (visits where the feeder recognized a transponder) using a model that included the fixed effects of replicate, sex, linear and quadratic effects of day on test, and random effects of feeder within replicate, pig within feeder within replicate, test day within replicate, and week within feeder within replicate. Frequencies of error types in identified visits varied considerably within and between experiments. Errors in feed trough weights were more frequent than errors in time. Percentage of identified visits and of daily feed intake records with at least one error ranged from 4.3 to 18.7% and from 17.2 to 50.0%, respectively, and decreased from the first to the last experiment, reflecting the increasing ability of the managers to operate the feeders. Replicate, sex, test day, feeder within replicate, pig, and day within replicate affected the number of errors that occurred, but their effect varied among error types. Week-to-week variation within a feeder and replicate had the largest effect on number of errors, which was likely associated with feeder management. Results indicate that the frequency of errors in data from electronic swine feeders is substantial, but visits with errors can be identified and their frequency can be decreased by proper feeder management.
Viral and Cellular Fos Gene

A remarkable discovery of the past few years is the fact that many acutely oncogenic retroviruses contain sequences as an integral part of their genome which have homologs in normal cells (1). Acquisition of normal cellular sequences by retroviruses, usually at the expense of genes required for replication, enables them to induce neoplasias in vivo and transformation of a wide variety of cells in vitro (2). Such acquired cellular sequences have been termed as cellular protooncogenes or c-onc while their viral homologs are referred to as viral oncogenes or v-onc. To date nearly 20 unique v-onc genes have been identified which have cellular counterparts (3). Some c-onc genes have been identified by DNA transfection studies (4). The c-onc gene sequences are remarkably well conserved during evolution (5).
Ski, SnoN, and Akt as Negative Regulators of Smad Activity: Balancing Cell Death and Cell Survival

Cytokines of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily exert many of their diverse effects via the recruitment of the Smad proteins to activate transcription of TGF-β target genes. Activities of the Smad proteins have been shown to be regulated through interaction with cellular partners. Among these, the protooncogenes of the Ski family, Ski, and SnoN, and the protein kinase Akt can negatively modulate the Smad signaling via differents mechanisms to affect various downstream TGF-β responses. Here, we review how Ski, SnoN, and Akt act as repressors of Smad activity to antagonizes TGF-β signaling.
Treatment of local regional disease.

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor is an extraordinary tumor in terms of demonstrating the impact of regional lymphadenectomy on survival. Over the years many series have shown that node-positive (pathologic stage II) patients can be cured with local measures in excess of 50% of cases. There are a variety of anatomical considerations that make testicular lymphatic drainage predictable. These relate to features of anatomic descent of the gonad and its associated lymphatics. A number of topographic studies have supported the regional deposition of metastatic disease, and we have a good understanding of this. More importantly, there are biologic considerations that probably lend to the opportunity for cure of testis cancer patients with surgery alone. Many patients will have teratomatous elements which have somewhat lower metastatic potential. What is fascinating, however, is that even undifferentiated germ cell tumors, such as embryonal cancer, are often cured with lymphadenectomy alone. Data recently presented in a multiinstitutional cooperative study show that a control group treated with node dissection alone had more than half of the patients as long-term survivors without relapse [1].
Inviscid simulations of expansion waves propagating into structured particle beds at low volume fractions

We perform fully resolved simulations of expansion waves propagating into particle beds of varying volume fractions using the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method. We validate state-of-the-art drag models and predict the final state of the particle bed using isentropic flow relations.
Personal Branding and Digital Citizenry: Harnessing the Power of Data and IOT

With all that the internet has to offer, it is easy to get lost in the myriad of resources available to us both academically and socially. We have so many ways to learn, connect, and promote ourselves that in trying to stay current in today’s digital world, we can quickly find ourselves overwhelmed. To be successful, we need a way to conveniently organize educational materials and references while also ensuring that only our very best self is on display. According to a study we conducted on this subject, the idea of personal online management is something which many value highly, but are unsure how to fully realize. We feel like this is problematic for any modern user, but this can be resolved. Using multiple data collection methods in our research, we explored the concept of “Digital Citizenship”. Digital Citizenship is defined as a way of expressing the online presence and personal brand that users have curated in a digital space; as well as a simpler, more efficient way to store and organize a personal digital library. We are presenting an app that would help to fill this need within the realm of academia and beyond. This app is a way of simplifying our lives, making the internet more accessible and managing personal, educational, and academic materials, online profiles, and social media accounts.
Increased dwell time and occurrence of dsDNA translocation events through solid state nanopores by LiCl concentration gradients.

Solid-state nanopore based biosensors are cost effective, high-throughput engines for single molecule detection of biomolecules with the added benefit of size modification. Progress in the translation of the science into a viable diagnostic tool is impeded by inadequate sensitivity of data acquisition systems in detection of fast DNA translocations through the pore. To combat this, slowing the transport of DNA through the nanopore by use of various media or by altering experimental parameters is common. Applying a concentration gradient of KCl in the experimental ionic solution has been shown to effectively prolong dwell times as well as increase the capture rate of DNA by the nanopore. Our previous work has corroborated the ability of LiCl ionic solution to slow down the transport of dsDNA through the nanopore by up to 10-fold through cation-DNA interactions. However, this drastically reduced the event occurrence frequency, thus hindering the efficacy of this system as a reliable biosensor downstream. Here, we present the use of a concentration gradient of lithium chloride ionic solution to increase the event frequency of single molecule dsDNA translocation through a solid state nanopore. By using 0.5 M/3 M LiCl on the cis/trans chambers respectively, average dwell times experienced up to a 3-fold increase when compared to experiments run in symmetric 1 M LiCl. Additionally, experiments using the 0.5 M/3 M displayed a greater than 10-fold increase in event frequency, confirming the capture propensity of the asymmetric conditions.
Modeling, Control, and Wheel-Terrain Interaction Dynamics of the UGV Argo J5

This paper presents detailed analysis, modeling, and controller design of the Skid Steering Mobile Robot (SSMR) Argo J5 with a custom-built landing platform, which also considers wheel-terrain interaction for control purposes. Terramechanics theory and the Argo J5 kinetics are combined to analyze the wheel-terrain interaction for different types of terrain. A PD controller is, then, designed to demonstrate tracking capabilities of the Argo J5. The main contribution of the modeling approach is adding a vertical load on each wheel to obtain the wheel's entry angle with respect to the terrain. Shear displacement is derived from knowing the point's position on each wheel in 3D space. The Argo J5 model and controller are tested in a MATLAB/Simulink environment by using the real Argo J5 parameter values. Obtained results illustrate Argo J5 velocity, wheel rolling resistance, wheel turning moment resistance, and shear stress on different terrains.
Current Status of Gene Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. Liver transplantation, surgical resection, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radio frequency ablation are effective strategies to treat early stage HCC. Unfortunately, HCC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and there are not many treatment options for late stage HCC. First-line therapy for late stage HCC includes sorafenib and lenvatinib. However, these treatments provide only an approximate three month increase in survival. Besides, they cannot specifically target cancer cells that lead to a wide array of side effects. Patients on these drugs develop resistance within a few months and have to rely on second-line therapy that includes regorafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cabometyx. These disadvantages make gene therapy approach to treat HCC an attractive option. The two important questions that researchers have been trying to answer in the last 2–3 decades are what genes should be targeted and what delivery systems should be used. The objective of this review is to analyze the changing landscape of HCC gene therapy, with a focus on these two questions.
Bound to Capitalism: The Pursuit of Profit and Pleasure in Digital Pornography

This paper explores digital pornography dialectically through a case study of Kink.com, an online BDSM subscription service. It considers the tension between discourses of authenticity that seek to obscure profit motive and shifts in content prompted by market considerations.
Oxygen Monitor to Study Vascularization of Medical Devices

Prevascularized medical devices can improve cell therapy. Such devices may replace whole organ transplantation with hosting only the necessary therapeutic cells. We have developed a noninvasive optical technology to study the vascularization into such medical devices. In our technique, oxygen partial pressure within a device is monitored by Oxygen Sensitive Tubes (OSTs), comprising oxygen permeable silicone tubing with inner luminal surfaces coated by an oxygen-sensitive porphyrin dye. OSTs were placed within a PDMS device and transplanted into the subcutaneous space of athymic nude mice. An optical probe placed over the skin excites the OSTs with a pulse of light and detects the luminescent lifetime of emitted light, which is uniquely related to oxygen partial pressure. Furthermore, we developed a Dynamic Inhalation Gas Test (DIGT) to determine the oxygen transport rate between the microvasculature and the device. DIGT works by monitoring oxygen partial pressure in a device following a step change in inhaled-gas oxygen content. We report DIGT oxygen dynamics measured intermittently over eight weeks. Our study shows DIGT dynamics are unique to each implant, supporting the important role of the host tissue response in the availability of oxygen over time.
A Gaussian moment method and its augmentation via LSTM recurrent neural networks for the statistics of cavitating bubble populations

Abstract Phase-averaged dilute bubbly flow models require high-order statistical moments of the bubble population. The method of classes, which directly evolve bins of bubbles in the probability space, are accurate but computationally expensive. Moment-based methods based upon a Gaussian closure present an opportunity to accelerate this approach, particularly when the bubble size distributions are broad (polydisperse). For linear bubble dynamics a Gaussian closure is exact, but for bubbles undergoing large and nonlinear oscillations, it results in a large error from misrepresented higher-order moments. Long short-term memory recurrent neural networks, trained on Monte Carlo truth data, are proposed to improve these model predictions. The networks are used to correct the low-order moment evolution equations and improve prediction of higher-order moments based upon the low-order ones. Results show that the networks can reduce model errors to less than 1% of their unaugmented values.
Optical Coherence Tomography Optic Disc Parameters for Glaucoma

In glaucoma, optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows high-resolution imaging of the optic nerve head (ONH) and inner retinal layers and provides both qualitative and highly reproducible quantitative information on these structures. This set of information assists the clinician in the diagnosis of glaucoma and detection of its progression. This chapter focuses on OCT as a tool for ONH evaluation for glaucoma detection. Specifically, it informs the reader what the best ONH parameters are and then presents actual clinical cases showing how ONH parameters can be used effectively to diagnose prepreimetric and perimetric glaucoma.