cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stateful Detection in High Throughput Distributed Systems

With the increasing speed of computers and the complexity of applications, many of today's distributed systems exchange data at a high rate. Significant work has been done in error detection achieved through external fault tolerance systems. However, the high data rate coupled with complex detection can cause the capacity of the fault tolerance system to be exhausted resulting in low detection accuracy. We present a new stateful detection mechanism which observes the exchanged application messages, deduces the application state, and matches against anomaly-based rules. We extend our previous framework (the monitor) to incorporate a sampling approach which adjusts the rate of verified messages. The sampling approach avoids the previously reported breakdown in the monitor capacity at high application message rates, reduces the overall detection cost and allows the monitor to provide accurate detection. We apply the approach to a reliable multicast protocol (TRAM) and demonstrate its performance by comparing it with our previous framework.
Efficacy and safety of a new vaginal contraceptive antimicrobial formulation containing high molecular weight poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

Host cell infection by sexually transmitted disease (STD)-causing microbes and fertilization by spermatozoa may have some mechanisms in common. If so, certain noncytotoxic agents could inhibit the functional activity of both organisms. High molecular mass poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (T-PSS) may be one of these compounds. T-PSS alone (1 mg/ml) or in a gel (2% or 5% T-PSS) completely prevented conception in the rabbit. Contraception was not due to sperm cytotoxicity or to an effect on sperm migration. However, T-PSS inhibited sperm hyaluronidase (IC(50) = 5.3 microg/ml) and acrosin (IC(50) = 0.3 microg/ml) and caused the loss of acrosomes from spermatozoa (85% maximal loss by 0.5 microg/ml). T-PSS (5% in gel) also reduced sperm penetration into bovine cervical mucus (73% inhibition by 1 mg gel/ml). T-PSS (5% in gel) inhibited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; IC(50)= 16 microg gel/ml) and herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2; IC(50) = 1.3 and 1.0 microg gel/ml, respectively). The drug showed high efficacy against a number of clinical isolates and laboratory strains. T-PSS (5% in gel) also inhibited Neisseria gonorrhea (IC(50) 5 g/kg (rat). Gel with 10% T-PSS did not irritate the skin or penile mucosa (rabbit) and caused no dermal sensitization (guinea pig). Vaginal administration of the 5% T-PSS gel to the rabbit for 14 consecutive days caused no systemic toxicity and only mild (acceptable) vaginal irritation. T-PSS in gel form is worthy of clinical evaluation as a vaginal contraceptive HIV/STD preventative.
Location-aware key management scheme for wireless sensor networks

Sensor networks are composed of a large number of low power sensor devices. For secure communication among sensors, secret keys must be established between them. Recently, several pairwise key schemes have been proposed for large distributed sensor networks. These schemes randomly select a set of keys from a key pool and install the keys in the memory of each sensor. After deployment, the sensors can set up keys by using the preinstalled keys. Due to lack of tamper-resistant hardware, the sensor networks are vulnerable to node capture attacks. The information gained from captured nodes can be used to compromise communication among uncompromised sensors. Du et al. [1], Liu and Ning [2] proposed to use the known deployment information to reduce the memory requirements and mitigate the consequences of node capture attack. Our analysis shows that the assumption of random capture of sensors is too weak. An intelligent attacker can selectively capture sensors to get more information with less efforts. In addition to selective node capture attack, all recent proposals are vulnerable to node fabrication attack, in which an attacker can fabricate new sensors by manipulating the compromised secret keys and then deploy the fabricated sensors into the sensor system. To counter these attacks, we propose a grid-group scheme which uses known deployment information. Unlike the pairwise key scheme using deployment information proposed by Du et al., we uniformly deploy sensors in a large area; instead of randomly distributing keys from a large key pool to each sensor, we systematically distribute secret keys to each sensor from a structured key pool. Our performance analysis shows that our scheme requires less number of keys preinstalled for each sensor and is resilient to selective node capture attack and node fabrication attack.
Novel Alkylidenating Agents of Iron(III) Derivatives by Base‐Mediated α,μ‐Dehydrohalogenation and Their Chemical Trapping by Cycloaddition

Studies of the reactions between group 4 metal chlorides (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and methyllithium at –78 °C in toluene can lead to methylidene–metal complexes, H2C=MCl2, by a sequence of monomethylation, α-carbon lithiation and α,μ-elimination of LiCl. Here study of the preparation of alkylidene derivatives of iron was attempted by the interaction of FeCl3 with n-butyllithium in various ratios at –78 °C. The presence of any resulting butylidene–iron(III) derivative, nPrCH=FeE (E = Cl, nBu), was probed by adding chemical trapping agents, such as diphenylacetylene, benzonitrile, methyl benzoate and benzophenone. In each experiment the hydrolyzed products were consistent with a cycloaddition reaction of nPrCH=FeE with the trapping agent. The products from diphenylacetylene and from benzonitrile with D2O workup are uniquely in accord with such a carbene precursor. A 3:1 ratio of nBuLi/FeCl3 gave the optimal yield of nPrCH=FenBu, ca. 80 %, from the nBu2FeCl precursor. When a 3:1 reaction mixture was simply brought to 25 °C and hydrolyzed, the purple alkylidene–iron complex decomposed completely to iron metal. A study of a 3:1 interaction of PhCH2MgCl and FeCl3 under similar conditions and trapping with diphenylacetylene provided evidence for the formation of PhCH=Fe–CH2Ph in ca. 40 %. These results support the hope that alkylidene–iron(III) analogs of the Grubbs reagents may be accessible by this process.
DEFINING AND RESTORING BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITYIN WILDERNESS LAKES

Restoring ecosystems to some previous “natural” state is often impeded by the lack of information on what goal is to be attained. However, a target for restoration of lake ecosystems can be established by developing a multimetric tool for the assessment of biological integrity. Our study identified a set of recurring responses to disturbance that indicate impaired biological integrity in lakes that include properties of species composition, taxonomic diversity, and functional organization of the lake communities. We then tested these hypothesized responses in 12 small, isolated Adirondack lakes impacted by nonnative fish species, from collections of fish, benthic invertebrates, zooplankton, and phytoplankton over a 3-yr period. We also tested the feasibility of restoring biological integrity through fish-community manipulation in three additional lakes utilizing these integrity indicators as a recovery target. Six indicators of biological integrity were sensitive to disturbance in Adirondack wilderness la...
Learning to relax: Evaluating four brief interventions for overcoming the negative emotions accompanying math anxiety

Abstract We examined the potential effectiveness of four brief interventions, three behavioral and one nutritional, for helping high math-anxious college students regulate negative emotions immediately prior to a time-pressured arithmetic test. Participants with low versus high math anxiety performed a timed arithmetic task after practicing one of three short-term breathing exercises promoting focused attention, unfocused attention, or worry, and after consuming either 0 or 200 mg l -theanine. Overall, participants with high math anxiety underperformed relative to those with low math anxiety. This effect, however, was largely alleviated by a focused breathing exercise, which increased rated calmness and enhanced performance on the arithmetic test amongst those with high math anxiety. l -theanine supplementation showed only minimal effects. These results provide insights into the attentional mechanisms involved in regulating the negative emotions that lead to testing underperformance, and suggest that focused breathing exercises can be a useful, practical tool for helping address the negative impacts of math anxiety.
The Relationship Between Task-level and Test-level System Usability Scale Scores:

This study examined whether the average usability score for a series of tasks was the same as the usability score for the product if usability was measured only after all the tasks had been completed. Fifty participants completed a set of tasks for five websites and fourteen mock voting ballots. Subjective usability assessment was made with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Participants completed the SUS either after each task (five or fourteen SUS administrations, respectively) or after completing the entire set of tasks (one SUS). The results show that the average SUS scores for the task-level assessments were significantly higher than the SUS scores for the test-level assessments. Results were similar for the ballot and website conditions. Tasklevel SUS scores on the Honda websites (M = 65.5) were significantly higher than the test-level SUS scores (M = 42.8), p < 0.0001. Similar results were observed in the ballot condition, where task-level usability assessments were higher (M = 59.5) than test-level assessments (M = 38.5), p < 0.0001. Practitioners and those interpreting SUS scores need to be aware of how these experimental differences can lead to different assessment metrics.
The Ultrastructure of Hybrid Acute Leukemia: A Study of 15 Cases

The objective of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of hybrid acute leukemia (HAL). Fifteen cases of HAL were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), focusing on organelles and myeloperoxidase (MPO) reaction of leukemic cells. By TEM, 5 out 15 cases of HAL were consistent with immunophenotyping (3 cases of biphenotypic type, and 2 cases of biclonal type with granulocytes and lymphocytes); 2 cases were suspected as HAL. On other hand, 5 cases of HAL were assigned to ALL, and 2 cases were misinterpreted as M5a and 1 as M4b. Most of the blast cells of biphenotypic HAL showed lymphoid features, except some cases containing MPO positive granules in blasts, while a few cases exhibited monocytic or nonspecific features. TEM offers advantages in the diagnosis of biclonal type HAL and biphenotypic HAL positive for MPO. However, it is difficult to differentiate MPO-negative cases of biphenotypic HAL from ALL and a few cases may be misinterpreted as M5 by TEM.
Strategic Protection Against Data Injection Attacks on Power Grids

Data injection attacks to manipulate system state estimators on power grids are considered. A unified formulation for the problem of constructing attacking vectors is developed for linearized measurement models. Based on this formulation, a new low-complexity attacking strategy is shown to significantly outperform naive l1 relaxation. It is demonstrated that it is possible to defend against malicious data injection if a small subset of measurements can be made immune to the attacks. However, selecting such subsets is a high-complexity combinatorial problem given the typically large size of electrical grids. To address the complexity issue, a fast greedy algorithm to select a subset of measurements to be protected is proposed. Another greedy algorithm that facilitates the placement of secure phasor measurement units (PMUs) to defend against data injection attacks is also developed. Simulations on the IEEE test systems demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithms.
In the Grip of a Green Giant: How the Rural Sector Tamed Organized Labor in India

Social scientists studying rural—urban struggles have primarily focused on the issue of urban bias. The issue of rural bias and its potential effects on urban dwellers has received much less attention. This article demonstrates how agrarian political mobilization of rural constituents adversely affected urban workers in India. Agrarian mobilization led to two changes in development policy that undermined the bargaining strength of organized labor. First, remunerative pricing for agricultural products biased the terms of trade in favor of agriculture, resulting in a rise in the product wage. Second, incentives for rural and small-scale industries led to increased product market competition in the manufacturing sector, generating unemployment among urban workers. Under these circumstances, unions could not frequently strike, and, when they did strike, they fought longer to win their demands. The author supports these arguments with a statistical analysis of strike frequency and duration in India from 1976 t...
The Speaker's Primer

This book addresses the nuts and bolts of crafting and delivering different types of presentations, but unlike other public speaking handbooks, it builds on those principles and offers guidance on speaking in particular professional arenas. Throughout the book, the authors provide sidebars about the importance and application of public speaking principles specific to business, healthcare, education, politics, and the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. — Description from publisher's website Disciplines Communication | Other Communication | Social and Behavioral Sciences | Speech and Rhetorical Studies Comments Permission documentation is on file. This book is available at eCommons: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cmm_fac_pub/15 ] Chapter Objectives • Understand how communication works
Trigeminal Neoneurotization of the Paralysed Facial Musculature

Many investigators have entertained the concept of facial muscle reinnervation from the trigeminal pathway following facial nerve paralysis. In this paper we present a documented clinical case as well as experimental evidence that trigeminal facial crossover does occur and can be used as a concept to maximize early rehabilitation of the paralyzed face. A case is presented demonstrating unequivocal clinical evidence of trigeminal facial cross-innervation. A 62-year-old white female underwent a left parotidectomy 30 years ago. In December 1990, left facial paralysis developed over 24 h. CT scan revealed a deep lobe parotid tumor. She then underwent a total parotidectomy with sacrifice of the facial nerve at the stylomastid foramen. Ten months later, she spontaneously demonstrated the ability to smile on the left side while chewing. This was documented both photographically and by video and confirmed by EMG testing. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is due to trigeminal facial crossover.
Flexural Vibrations of Laminated Plate

The flexural vibrations of a laminated plate are investigated by analysis and experiment. The mechanical behavior of the layered medium is represented by a homogeneous, transversely isotropic continuum whose effective material constants are computed in terms of the material constants and the thicknesses of the layers. An asymptotic method is employed to compute the frequency of the lowest flexural mode as a power series of the dimensionless wavenumber. Since the laminated plate is relatively easy to deform in thickness shear the frequency deviates at relatively small wavenumbers from the classical parabolic curve. For a two-term expansion the analytical results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is found.
Resources and the People

SCHAFT UND WIRISCHAFT. R ussia . . . . . . . . . . . . Calvin B .H oover 2.8i Grinko's THE FIVE YEAR PLAN OF THE SOVIET UNION; Ilin's NEW RUSSIA'S PRIMER; Counts' TH1E SOVIET CHALLENGE TO AMERICA; Burns' RUSSIA'S PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM; Hopper's PAN-SOVIETISM; White's THESE RUSSIANS; Farbman's PRATILETKA, RUSSIA's FIVE YEAR PLAN; Feiler's TH1E RUSSIAN EXPERIMENT, Harper's MAKING BOLSHEVIKS. National and International Relations in Latin America L. L. Bernard 2.83 Akers' A HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA; Williams' THE PEOPLE AND POLITICS OF LATIN AMERICA; Clark's PORTO RICO AND ITS PROBLEMS; Martinez' HEROES DEL CAMPO; Catalano's PUNA DE ATACAMA; Lufriu's EL IMPULSO INICIAL; Juarez' APUNTES DE CAMAGUEY; Jane's LIBERTY AND DESPOTISM IN SPANISH AMERICA; Marinello's SOBRE LA INQUIETUD CUBANA: Carpio's TAMBIEN AMERICA; and others. Independent Origin and Diffusion Bernhard J. Stern 2.9i Nordenski6ld's MODIFICATIONS IN INDIAN CULTURE THROUGH INVENTIONS AND LOANS; Bendann's DEATH CUSTOMS; Roheim's ANIMISM, MAGIC AND THE DIVINE KING. Duncan's BACKGROUNDS FOR SOCIOLOGY Nornmatn E. Himes 294 Woofter's THE PLIGHT OF CIGARETTE TOBACCO Carl C. Taylor 2.95 Shetrone's THE MOUND BUILDERS ....... Guy B. Johnson 297
Illumination Compensation Using Poynting Vectors, With Special Treatment for Multiples

We describe a method for compensating Reverse Time Migration seismic images for illumination effects using Poynting vectors. This scheme allows internal multiples to be used more effectively, by appropriately boosting their image contribution amplitude, attenuating certain types of image artifacts caused by their inclusion, and ensuring that they add constructively to the image. It also has benefits for imaging with overturned waves. We demonstrate the method with a synthetic model, yielding improved results compared to standard Reverse Time Migration.
The impact of exposure to news about electronic government surveillance on concerns about government intrusion, privacy self-efficacy, and privacy protective behavior

Government electronic surveillance programs are an active topic in public debates, yet little is known about how awareness of government electronic surveillance programs affects technology users’ concerns, beliefs, and behaviors. This study examined the impact of exposure to news stories about government surveillance on users’ concerns about government intrusion, their privacy self-efficacy, and the strength of passwords they use to protect information. Findings were that the exposure to news about government surveillance increases the level of concerns about government intrusion and has a negative impact on privacy self-efficacy. Further, contrary to expectations, this exposure also leads to weaker passwords used to protect information. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Reporting and Recording of Contingent Tax Liabilities

This paper studies the reliability of mandatory contingent liability disclosure. Contingent liabilities introduce substantial uncertainty about future earnings and the value of the firm, but little public data are available on the demands by external claimants. We use confidential audit adjustments from the Internal Revenue Service for the largest publicly-traded industrial firms to study the reliability of tax contingent liability disclosure. We find that although the content of footnotes disclosing tax contingencies is limited, disclosure is related to the magnitude of the external claim as well as the final settlement of the contingency. This suggests that contingent liability reporting is consistent with SFAS No. 5. Further, we find that firms record a provision for contingent liabilities related to proposed adjustments. This provision, which involves high information asymmetry between shareholders and managers, suggests future research regarding taxes and earnings management.
Doing women’s film history: reframing cinemas, past and future

As an edited volume, Doing Women’s Film History: Reframing Cinemas, Past and Future is an innovative, culturally transformative, and historically complex collection of essays that brings together c...
Induction in vitro of a specific pattern of jejunal propulsive behavior by cholecystokinin

Experiments were conducted in vitro to determine whether arterial infusion of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) into cat jejunal segments could elicit propulsive behavior when a segment must do hydrostatic work to expel fluid. Oral and aboral ends of jejunal segments, 17 cm in length, were connected to a propulsion evaluation system that imposed input-output conditions of constant capacitance and negligible resistance. Infusion of 1 X 10(-10) to 3 X 10(-9) M CCK-8 produced an initial simultaneous ejection of approximately equal volumes of fluid from both ends of the segments. This reduction in luminal volume lasted for approximately 4 min. Concurrent with this initial reduction in luminal volume were phasic ejections of fluid that often did not occur simultaneously or with equal magnitude from both ends of a segment. This pattern persisted throughout the period of CCK-8 infusion. Arterial infusion of atropine sulfate (10(-6) M) or hexamethonium sulfate (2.8 X 10(-7) M) prevented the induction of propulsive behavior by CCK-8. These results indicate that arterial infusion of CCK-8 can induce a specific pattern of jejunal propulsive behavior by triggering neural activity in the enteric nervous system and that CCK-8 may have a physiological role in regulating propulsion.
Women’s representation and democratic consolidation in Latin America

A consolidated representative democracy requires representation of all citizens—including women. Yet, most Latin American countries fall short of gender equality in legislative representation at the national level. In this paper, I analyze women’s representation in Latin America asking three questions: What does women’s representation in Latin America look like? Why does it look that way? And, what are the consequences of women’s representation for legislative politics and democracy in Latin America? I answer these questions drawing on recent research conducted on women’s representation and present original data from my research on women’s representation in Latin America. I conclude that women’s representation in national legislatures has increased over time in just about every country but to varying degrees. Women’s representation today continues to vary widely across the region. The primary explanation for this is the nature of electoral institutions in Latin American countries—specifically, the magnitude of electoral districts, gender quota laws, party control over their ballots. The benefits of including women in national legislatures are myriad but include most importantly greater attention to women’s issues in the legislative arena. Yet, challenges still persist for women in political office, specifically, their continued lack of access to real political power. These obstacles must be addressed for women to attain full political representation in Latin American democracies, and thus, for Latin American democracies to be fully consolidated.
Architectural Development and Masonry Style at Antelope House

ABSTRACTThe developmental sequence of the Pueblo III architecture al Antelope House is described, and is related to different behavioral chains. These differing behavioral chains may indicate different, contemporaneous social units at the site.
Establishing a protocol for measurements of fractal dimensions in brittle materials

Many techniques have been used to measure the fractal dimension of brittle fracture surfaces. The purpose of this study was to create a protocol for obtaining the fractal dimension using a simplified optical technique for comparison to reported procedures. Four classes of ceramic materials were used in this study: baria silicate (a glass-ceramic), silicon nitride (a fine grain polycrystalline ceramic), zinc selenide (a large grain polycrystalline ceramic), and silicon (a single crystal ceramic). Contours were produced in perpendicular and parallel planes to the fracture surface using three techniques: slit-island (parallel), profile technique (perpendicular), and crack indentation technique (perpendicular). These contours were then analyzed using a method first introduced by Richardson. The slit-island technique produced statistically greater fractal dimensional increments, ranging from 0.08 to 0.28 for all the materials, than either the profile technique (0.01 to 0.03) or the indentation technique (0.02–0.05). This difference is due in part to the fact that many brittle fracture surfaces are self-affine objects and not self-similar objects. A list of recommendations for a protocol and sources of error for this technique are presented in the appendices.
Time Trends in Incidence and Severity of Injury Among Collegiate Soccer Players in the United States NCAA Injury Surveillance System, 1990-1996 and 2004-2009

Background:A number of sociocultural and environmental changes have occurred over the past several decades that may affect the risk of injury among young athletes playing soccer.Purpose:To identify trends in injury incidence and severity between 2 time periods (1990-1996 and 2004-2009) in both male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer players in the United States.Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:Data were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance System. The rate ratio (RR), along with the 95% Wald CI, compared incidence density in 2004-2009 relative to that in 1990-1996.Results:Overall sex-pooled injury rates were significantly lower in the 2004-2009 cohort compared with the 1990-1996 cohort (RR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.86-0.91), and this was true for almost every category of injury studied. We observed only 1 significant sex difference between the time periods with regard to noncontact injuries, as men experienced a significant increase in rate of noncontact injuries...
Reaction of Acetaldehyde with Wine Flavonoids in the Presence of Sulfur Dioxide

Acetaldehyde is responsible for many of the beneficial changes that occur in red wine as a result of oxidation. Ethylidene bridges are formed between flavonoids upon their reaction with acetaldehyde, which can contribute to improvements in color stability and SO2-resistant pigments. In the present study, the reactions between acetaldehyde and various flavonoids (catechin, tannins from grape seed extract, and malvidin-3-glucoside) were examined in a model wine system. Lower pH conditions were seen to significantly increase the rate of reaction with acetaldehyde, whereas dissolved oxygen did not affect the rate. In systems containing SO2, the rate of reaction of acetaldehyde with catechin was slowed but was not prevented until SO2 was in great excess. Significant improvements in color stability were also observed after treatment with acetaldehyde, despite the presence of equimolar SO2. These results demonstrate that acetaldehyde is reactive in its sulfonate form, which is contrary to widely held assumptions...
Adaptive optimization of slit width for a slit-slat collimator

Although slit-slat is one of the few collimators that can be actively adapted during a scan, this adaptivity remains largely unutilized. Adaptively optimizing the slit width for different tasks has the potential to improve the performance of the instrument without increasing scan time. By automated adjustments of the slit width during the collimator's orbit, lesion detectability can be enhanced. Here we simulated adjusting the slit width as a function of viewing angle for different phantom sizes and lesion locations. Scans over 20 viewing angles were simulated using 720 sets of dynamic and 9 sets of constant slit widths for collimator configurations and the performance was evaluated with different activity concentration at various locations in a uniform disk phantom. System performance was estimated based on calculating the average contrast at fixed relative noise ratio in reconstructions using a maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm over 500 noisy realizations for each configuration. To further test this idea, a prototype adaptive slit width collimator was built and a phantom was scanned with 15 sets of slit width configurations. Contrast at matched noise ratio was computed in reconstructed images for evaluation. Preliminary test results show that optimized sets of dynamic slit width again improved contrast. Both simulation and prototype phantom scans showed that adaptive slit width can improve image quality over constant slit width for off-center lesion.
Embodied energy analysis of building materials: An improved IO-based hybrid method using sectoral disaggregation

Abstract Buildings consume approximately half of the annual energy supply of the United States in their construction and operation. To effectively decrease this extensive energy footprint, both embodied and operating energy must be quantified and optimized. Although validated standard methods are available to compute operating energy, quantifying embodied energy is still complicated and inconsistent. Among the available embodied energy calculation methods, an input-output-based hybrid (IOH) method has the potential to offer a more complete calculation. However, its calculation lacks specificity and reliability, which can be improved using suggestions provided by literature. Studies across the globe have proposed techniques such as sectoral disaggregation to enhance not only the specificity and reliability, but also the completeness, of an IOH method. This study investigated and improved an IOH method of embodied energy calculation. Using the improved method, the embodied energy of commonly used building materials was calculated and evaluated. The results demonstrate a significant difference after disaggregating the relevant industry sectors. The study concludes that using embodied energy values without industry sectors being disaggregated can cause significant errors in a building’s embodied energy calculation.
Effect of Ethnocentrism on Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy in Global Societies

It is our goal to gain recognition for the Journal of Global Marketing among the top-tier journals and attract the best research papers with a global, cross-cultural, and/or cross-national research...
Molecular gas during the post-starburst phase: low gas fractions in green-valley Seyfert post-starburst galaxies

NSF [AST-0808133, AST-1615730, DGE-1143953]; PEO; ARCS Phoenix Chapter; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; Burton Family
Mapping Meaningful Places on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Landscape Values

Landscape values mapping has been widely employed as a form of public participation GIS (PPGIS) in natural resource planning and decision-making to capture the complex array of values, uses, and interactions between people and landscapes. A landscape values typology has been commonly employed in the mapping of social and environmental values in a variety of management settings and scales. We explore how people attribute meanings and assign values to special places on the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA) using both a landscape values typology and qualitative responses about residents’ place-relationships. Using geographically referenced social values data collected in community meetings (n = 169), we identify high-frequency landscape values and examine how well the landscape values are reflected in open-ended descriptions of place-relations. We also explore the various interpretations of 14 landscape values used in the study. In particular, we investigate any overlapping meanings or blurriness among landscape values and reveal potentially emergent landscape values from the qualitative data. The results provide insights on the use of landscape values mapping typologies for practitioners and researchers engaged in the mapping of social values for PPGIS.
2D Raman band splitting in graphene: Charge screening and lifting of the K -point Kohn anomaly

Pristine graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride has transport properties rivalling suspended graphene, while being protected from contamination and mechanical damage. For high quality devices, it is important to avoid and monitor accidental doping and charge fluctuations. The 2D Raman double peak in intrinsic graphene can be used to optically determine charge density, with decreasing peak split corresponding to increasing charge density. We find strong correlations between the 2D 1 and 2D 2 split vs 2D line widths, intensities, and peak positions. Charge density fluctuations can be measured with orders of magnitude higher precision than previously accomplished using the G-band shift with charge. The two 2D intrinsic peaks can be associated with the “inner” and “outer” Raman scattering processes, with the counterintuitive assignment of the phonon closer to the K point in the KM direction (outer process) as the higher energy peak. Even low charge screening lifts the phonon Kohn anomaly near the K point for graphene encapsulated in hBN, and shifts the dominant intensity from the lower to the higher energy peak.
Peer-to-peer selling in online platforms: A salient business model for virtual entrepreneurship

Abstract Although peer-to-peer (P2P) selling platforms enable entrepreneurs to set-up virtual businesses with relative ease, business models in P2P platforms remain an unexamined area. To address this gap, we use cross-disciplinary theory from marketing, strategic management, and business models to identify new value drivers in this context. Thus, this study makes an original contribution by developing and empirically testing components of a business model relevant to P2P platforms. Data from 366 virtual entrepreneurial firms was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results highlight the significance of a holistic business model, that is, rather than their independent contribution, a synergistic combination of four value drivers (IPIN: Information processing capability, Product portfolio complexity, Innovative practices and Network membership) is critical to firm performance and satisfaction. The novelty lies in being the first to identify a salient business model in the P2P context that has practical and theoretical implications for virtual entrepreneurship.
Ascendance politique et dynamismes régionaux au Québec

Dans le contexte de restructuration economique, les enjeux regionaux actuels sont au coeur de la redefinition du role de l’Etat. Les forces en presence sur la scene regionale — en particulier la technobureaucratie, les notables traditionnels et les groupes revendicateurs — s’ajustent a la nouvelle conjoncture a travers des alliances et des compromis. C’est ce qui se degage d’une analyse de l’evolution des rapports entre ces differentes categories d’acteurs a partir de l’exemple de l’Est du Quebec, region qui s’est averee un veritable laboratoire d’experimentation pour les planificateurs de la Revolution tranquille.Apres avoir identifie trois phases qui ont caracterise l’evolution du role de l’Etat et des principales forces sociales depuis le debut des annees soixante au Quebec, l’auteur examine le contenu des reformes recentes portant sur la decentralisation. Il y voit une tentative, pour la classe politique, de resserrer les liens avec les notables traditionnels au detriment des groupes populaires et du mouvement regional.
Evaluating Medicaid HMOs when encounter data are missing: case of developmentally delayed children.

In evaluating Medicaid Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), crucial information regarding severity of illness of patients is often missing – in part because encounter data are not available. If we assume that patients are either in the HMO or in fee-for-service (FFS) plans (i.e., no in or out migration); then severity of HMO patients can be deduced from encounters of FFS patients. We applied this approach to effectiveness of HMO services for developmentally delayed children. Data supported the assumption of a closed system. Data also showed that over 12 months, severity of FFS patients declined. Therefore, we inferred that the HMO was attracting sicker patients. The HMO was paid less than FFS plan, despite the fact that it attracted sicker patients.
2D–3D Registration: A Step Towards Image-Guided Ankle Fusion

In this paper, we introduce a new framework for registering pre-operative 3D volumetric data to intra-operative 2D images. We are particularly interested in examining the problem of aligning CT volumes to corresponding X-ray images. Our objective is to apply the 2D-3D registration in the field of orthopedics, specifically on ankle fusion surgery. Our framework adopts the shear-warp factorization (SWF) method to generate synthetic 2D images from the given 3D volume. Also, the alignment score is determined based on two novel similarity measures; the exponential correlation (EC) and the pixel-based individual entropy correlation coefficient (IECC). Our framework has been tested on 22 clinical CT datasets. We used different methods to evaluate registration quality of our system. Evaluation results confirm the degree of accuracy and robustness of our proposed framework.
An Update and Overview of the Empirical Evidence for Transference-Focused Psychotherapy and Other Psychotherapies for Borderline Personality Disorder

It is generally believed that psychoanalytically or dynamically oriented clinicians are not interested in research for a host of reasons ranging from the challenges of designing a randomized controlled trial that would demonstrate the efficacy of a psychoanalytic approach to epistemological and philosophical disagreements about the nature of science (see [1–3] debates for an illustration). Although many in the psychoanalytic community have in the past been cautious regarding the value of research, some of the earliest psychotherapy research was performed by psychoanalysts [4–12]. Additionally, psychoanalyst and psychodynamic clinicians are increasingly becoming interested in testing psychodynamic hypotheses and establishing a stronger evidence base for treatments based on psychodynamic ideas [2, 3, 13–20]. This increased interest in psychotherapy outcome research has been particularly fruitful with regard to the study of borderline personality disorder. Severe personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder are increasingly seen as the mainstay of psychoanalytic clinical work.
Traveling across Racial Borders: TripAdvisor and the Discursive Strategies Businesses Use to Deny Racism:

Travel and leisure activities can bring many rewards, and yet for those deemed “racialized Others,” these same activities can be fraught with anxiety and tension. As in all aspects of society, raci...
“An Escape Into Reality”: Computers, Special Effects, and the Haunting Optics of Westworld (1973)

As one of the earliest experiments with integrating computer-generated special effects into celluloid filmmaking, Michael Crichton’s science fiction film Westworld (1973) imagined the transition into a digital future with a familiar apocalyptic narrative about disobedient machines and virtual realities. In this essay I move away from “escapist” and “futurist” readings of the sci-fi genre and explore how Westworld was “an escape into reality,” to borrow Isaac Asimov’s phrase, that immersed audiences in the computerization of life, visuality, and the cinema in 1970s America. My focus will be on mapping the film’s use of computer simulation as part of a constellation that includes everything from modernity in fin-de-siecle amusement parks and early cinema to discourses on postmodernism (Baudrillard) and dehumanization (Sontag). I will also consider how the recent HBO series Westworld (2016) reimagined Crichton’s film as a way of visualizing and historicizing questions about the virtual in our digital moment.
Prevalence of complaints of arm, neck, and shoulders among computer professionals in Bangalore: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Complaints of arm, neck, and shoulders (CANS) is a common problem among patients whose work involves computer use, but often ignored most importantly by the physicians partly due to not being able to appreciate the importance of taking a careful detailed occupational history of exposure to a repetitive activity involving upper arms. Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major portion of occupation-related illness with annual costs related to treatment and absenteeism from work ranging between $45 and 54 billion in the United States. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done to assess the factors contributing to CANS among computer professionals in Bangalore. We screened 206 professionals and 181 were administered Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ). Chi-square and logistic regression were used. Results: Prevalence of CANS in the study group was 58.6%. Neck complaints topped the list followed by shoulder, wrist, hand, elbow, upper arm, and lower arm complaints in the descending order. Women had overall higher prevalence and significantly higher prevalence of upper limb complaints than men. Inadequate space, maintaining good posture, and repetition of same tasks have emerged as an independent factors associated with CANS. Conclusion: CANS is highly prevalent among computer professionals working in small and medium-sized companies. Provision of adequate workspace and ergonomic designs of workstations are the modifiable risk factors which can be addressed by the employers to reduce the morbidity associated with CANS. Employees could correct postures and improve work habits.
Reforming the IMF: Lessons from Indonesia

The IMF’s weaknesses became clear to Steve Hanke when he was advising President Suharto about the adoption of a currency board in Indonesia.
A REPORT ON SOME FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN ATOMIC PHYSICS

Publisher Summary This chapter explains a few few-body problems in atomic physics. The two-body problem can be thought of as solvable, and considerable formal progress has been made with the introduction of the Faddeev equations. In these equations, the full wavefunction is partitioned into components, related to the pair of particles that interact first, and for other than atomic physics with its Coulomb potentials, the equations can be helpful in studies of existence and convergence questions. The channel coupling array approach can be applied to bound state and to continuum problems, and can be formulated as coupled differential or integral equations. The two-collision contribution is reduced, relative to the one-collision contribution, by the need of a second interaction, but in the two-collision process there is the saving feature that the target electron need not have a high velocity. In Rutherford scattering with the incident proton, the electron, which can be taken to be at rest initially, recoils toward the target proton where it undergoes a second Rutherford scattering and emerges with a velocity close to that of the proton.
Tax Deductions v. Tax-Free Growth: A Closer Look at 529 College Savings Plans Under the TCJA

Now that investors can receive preferential federal income tax treatment when using 529 college savings plans to pay for qualified K-12 tuition expenses under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), it is important to determine whether the value of receiving and investing state income tax deductions provided for qualifying contributions made to this education savings vehicle is more beneficial than the value associated with tax-free growth, given the potential for shortened education planning time horizons.
Ethnic Identity as a Quantitative Measurement in Computer Science Education

Increasing the participation of underrepresented students in computing requires increasing the inclusion of computing as part of their identity. Research suggests that ethnic identity, including the presence of role models of the same ethnicity, directly influences the self-efficacy of minorities in career choices and development. If properly measured, then identity can be used to assess the impact of many of the current and forthcoming national K-12 efforts to increase diversity in CS. The Computer Science Attitude and Identity Survey (CSAIS) was developed to measure five constructs that influence undergraduate students of color in computer science: confidence, interest, gender, professional, and identity. The tool extends from the Engineering Students’ Attitudes toward CS Survey (designed for first-year CS majors and non-majors) and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), a psychology-based survey for measuring ethnic identity according to the following factors: ethnic identity search and affirmation, commitment, and sense of belonging. Validation results indicated that the identity construct is a valid and reliable measure of ethnic identity in relation to CS. This work is now focused on data collection for various efforts targeting underrepresented students nationwide.
Beneficence, Interests, and Wellbeing in Medicine: What It Means to Provide Benefit to Patients

Beneficence is a foundational ethical principle in medicine. To provide benefit to a patient is to promote and protect the patient's wellbeing, to promote the patient's interests. But there are different conceptions of wellbeing, emphasizing different values. These conceptions of wellbeing are contrary to one another and give rise to dissimilar ideas of what it means to benefit a patient. This makes the concept of beneficence ambiguous: is a benefit related to the patient's goals and wishes, or is it a matter of objective criteria that constitute wellbeing? This paper suggests a unified conception of wellbeing for use in medicine to determine what counts as a benefit. Two components of wellbeing are identified: (1) objective functioning/health and (2) the patient's view of her own good. The paper explores how to apply, balance, and weigh these components in clinical situations to determine what counts as a benefit to a patient.
Testing considerations for phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha as an emerging biomarker in advanced breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and approximately 71% of carcinomas are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-not-amplified (HER2-negative). Pathogenesis of breast cancer is associated with dysregulation of several signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. PIK3CA, the gene encoding PI3K catalytic subunit p110α, is mutated in 20%-40% of breast cancer patients. Several PI3K inhibitors have been developed and one, alpelisib, was recently approved for use in PIK3CA-mutated, HR+, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. There are numerous types of assays and methods used in clinical studies to determine PIK3CA status in cancers. Additionally, there are several factors to consider for PIK3CA testing in clinical practice, including choice of assay, source of sample, and test timing. In this review, we discuss the use of PIK3CA as a biomarker to guide treatment decisions in patients with HR+, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, as well as practical considerations and recommendations for testing.
The New Nuclear? Small Modular Reactors and the Future of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power has struggled against severe economic headwinds, but some believe that small modular reactors (SMRs) may save the industry from its current woes. This article begins by explaining the regulatory and economic structure of the electricity sector in the United States. It then describes the current plight of the nuclear power industry before examining SMRs in particular—how they differ from conventional nuclear reactors, what regulatory issues they will confront, and what factors will most directly shape their long-term potential.