cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MAEviz: Bridging the Time-from-Discovery Gap between Seismic Research and Decision Making

MAEviz is an open-source project that helps reduce the time from discovery gap that exists between researchers, practitioners, and decision makers by integrating the latest research findings, most accurate data, and new methodologies into a single software product. It was developed as a platform to perform seismic risk assessment based on the mid-america earthquake (MAE) center research in the consequence-based risk management (CRM) framework. MAEviz is built upon an open source, extensible software platform developed at NCSA using the eclipse rich client platform (RCP). The example shown in the poster is network-based seismic retrofit (NBSR) analysis. The analysis solves a typical problem faced by decision makers that, given a fixed budget, which combination of bridges and retrofit methods would minimize the societal cost of an earthquake. It clearly shows how new science can be put quickly into the hands of the decision makers, thus bridging the gap between research and practical application. MAEviz is shown to be a powerful tool that can currently be used to assist decision makers in preparing for and mitigating the consequences of seismic hazards. Moreover, the extensible architecture of MAEviz allows it to be easily adapted to integrate newly discovered science and data, both in the area of seismic risk assessment, as well as other future research areas.
Volume sensitivity of cation-Cl− cotransporters is modulated by the interaction of two kinases: Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase and WNK4

In the present study, we have demonstrated functional interaction between Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), WNK4 [with no lysine (K)], and the widely expressed Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1). NKCC1 function, which we measured in Xenopus laevis oocytes under both isosmotic (basal) and hyperosmotic (stimulated) conditions, was unaffected when SPAK and WNK4 were expressed alone. In contrast, expression of both kinases with NKCC1 resulted in a significant increase in cotransporter activity and an insensitivity to external osmolarity or cell volume. NKCC1 activation is dependent on the catalytic activity of SPAK and likely also of WNK4, because mutations in their catalytic domains result in an absence of cotransporter stimulation. The results of our yeast two-hybrid experiments suggest that WNK4 does not interact directly with NKCC1 but does interact with SPAK. Functional experiments demonstrated that the binding of SPAK to WNK4 was also required because a SPAK-interaction-deficient W...
Empowering or Compelling Reluctant Participators Using Audience Response Systems.

This article investigates the impact of an audience response system (ARS) on student engagement in undergraduate university courses. A survey was administered to students in a dozen courses piloting the ARS system. On 13 out of 14 measures the majority of stu- dents thought the system was helpful. Overall, students were more positive about the use of the ARS in courses that used the tool for for- mative feedback (empowering) rather than for grading or attendance purposes (compelling). The authors discuss the positive impact of the ARS on the engagement of 'reluctant participators' or students who reported that they are least likely to participate in class under normal conditions. Reluctant participators' perceptions of the helpfulness of the ARS were compared to those of non-reluctant participators. Finally, student comments were analyzed to determine why students with the most negative feelings about the ARS felt the way they did and which teaching practices using the ARS were perceived to have the greatest value by the students.
Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation

In response to infection or effective vaccination, naive antigen-specific CD8+ T cells undergo a dramatic highly orchestrated activation process. Initial encounter with an appropriately activated antigen-presenting cell leads to blastogenesis and an exponential increase in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting in formation of both primary effector and long-lived memory cells. Current findings have emphasized the heterogeneity of effector and memory cell populations with the description of multiple cellular subsets based on phenotype, function, and anatomic location. Yet, only recently have we begun to dissect the underlying factors mediating the temporal control of the development of distinct effector and memory CD8+ T cell sublineages. In this review we will focus on the requirements for mounting an effective CD8+ T cell response and highlight the elements regulating the differentiation of effector and memory subsets.
Retinoic acid promotes mouse splenic B cell surface IgG expression and maturation stimulated by CD40 and IL-4

Retinoic acid (RA) increases antibody production in vivo but its role in B-cell activation is unclear. In a model of purified mouse splenic B cells stimulated by CD40 coreceptor (as a surrogate of T cell co-stimulation), IL-4, a principal Th-2 cytokine, and ligation of the B-cell antigen receptor, CD40 engagement or IL-4 alone induced B-cell activation indicated by increased Ig gamma1 germline transcripts, cell proliferation, and surface (s)IgG1 expression, while triple stimulation with the combination of anti-CD40/IL-4/anti-mu synergized to heighten B-cell activation. Although RA was growth inhibitory for anti-CD40-activated B cells, RA increased the proportion of B cells that had more differentiated phenotypes, such as expression of higher level of activation-induced deaminase, Blimp-1, CD138/syndecan-1 and sIgG1. Overall, RA can promote B-cell maturation at the population level by increasing the number of sIgG1 and CD138 expressing cells, which may be related to the potentiation of humoral immunity in vivo.
Validated Assessment Tools for Pediatric Airway Endoscopy Simulation

ObjectiveTo determine the interrater reliability and construct validity of 3 separate assessment tools for assessing trainee skills in pediatric airway endoscopy simulation.DesignAn Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) was developed in which examinees were asked to name and assemble the airway foreign body instruments and retrieve a foreign body from an infant airway mannequin. Each examinee’s performance was assessed in a blinded fashion by 3 pediatric otolaryngology faculty at separate residency programs using 3 assessment tools: (1) objective quantifiable measures list (eg, assists needed, forceps openings, foreign body drops), (2) 15-point OSATS checklist, and (3) Global Rating Index for Technical Skills (GRITS).SettingOtolaryngology residency program.SubjectsExaminees (medical students, n = 3; otolaryngology residents, n = 17; pediatric otolaryngology faculty, n = 3) and raters (n = 3).Main Outcome MeasuresInterrater reliability and construct validity.ResultsAnonymized split-sc...
Establishing Strategic Objectives: Measurement and Testing in Product Quality and Design

APRODUCT is composed of many dimensions—stimuli that generate perceptions. Noel Mark Noel presents a methodology that allows researchers to gauge consumer perceptions among competing products, dimension by dimension. Reactions are charted on a relative scale so that, for any given dimension, it is easy to identify the product with the strongest consumer impact. Such analysis helps firms to design and target products more accurately, and creates common ground for communications among design and business managers.
Heat stress risk factors of feedlot heifers

Heat stress in cattle results in millions ofdollars in lost revenue each year dueto production losses, andin extreme cases, death. Death losses are more likely to result from animals vulnerable to heat stress. A study was conducted to determine risk factors for heat stress in feedlot heifers. Over two consecutive summers, a total of 256 feedlot heifers (32/ breed/ year) of four breeds were observed. As a measure of stress, respiration rates and panting scores were taken twice daily (morning and afternoon) on a random sample of 10 heifers/ breed. Weights, condition scores, and temperament scores were taken on 28-day intervals during the experiment. Health history from birth to slaughter was available for every animal used in this study. It was found that at temperatures above 25 8C, dark-hided animals were 25% more stressed than light-colored; a history of respiratory pneumonia increased stress level by 10.5%; each level of fatness increased stress level by approximately 10%; and excitable animals had a 3.2% higherstress level thancalm animals. Notonlydid the stress level increase with these risk factors, butaverage daily gain was reduced. The Charolais cattle gained significantly more than all other breeds of cattle tested. Calm cattle gained 5% more than excitable cattle. Finally, cattle treated for pneumonia gained approximately 8% slower than non-treated cattle. The results of this study have not only revealed heat stress risk factors of breed (color), condition score (fatness), temperament, and health history (treated or not treated for pneumonia), but have also shown the effectiveness of using respiration rate as an indicator of heat stress.
Developing a Practice Model for Watson’s Theory of Caring:

Watson's theory of human caring focuses on holistic care and the authentic relationship between caregivers and patients. The purpose of this column is to describe Watson's theory by using a practice model. This practice model can be used by nurse educators to teach staff nurses and students.
A Dynamic Multiscale Phase-field Model for Structural Transformations and Twinning: Regularized Interfaces with Transparent Prescription of Complex Kinetics and Nucleation

The motion of microstructural interfaces is important in modeling materials that undergo twinning and structural phase transformations. Continuum models fall into two classes: sharp-interface models, where interfaces are singular surfaces; and regularized-interface models, such as phase-field models, where interfaces are smeared out. The former are challenging for numerical solutions because the interfaces need to be explicitly tracked, but have the advantage that the kinetics of existing interfaces and the nucleation of new interfaces can be transparently and precisely prescribed. In contrast, phase-field models do not require explicit tracking of interfaces, thereby enabling relatively simple numerical calculations, but the specification of kinetics and nucleation is both restrictive and extremely opaque. This prevents straightforward calibration of phase-field models to experiment and/or molecular simulations, and breaks the multiscale hierarchy of passing information from atomic to continuum. We present the formulation of a phase-field model -- i.e., a model with regularized interfaces that do not require explicit numerical tracking -- that allows for easy and transparent prescription of complex interface kinetics and nucleation. The key ingredients are a re-parametrization of the energy density to clearly separate nucleation from kinetics; and an evolution law that comes from a conservation statement for interfaces. This enables clear prescription of nucleation through the source term of the conservation law and of kinetics through an interfacial velocity field. A formal limit of the kinetic driving force recovers the classical continuum sharp-interface driving force, providing confidence in both the re-parametrized energy and the evolution statement. We present a number of numerical calculations in one and two dimensions to characterize and demonstrate the formulation.
Portland digit recognition test-computerized: Measuring response latency improves the detection of malingering

Abstract This study assessed the use of response latency as an aid in the detection of malingering using a computerized version of the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT-C). Two groups of 30 college student malingerers (one coached and one uncoached), 30 head-injury patients (CHI), and 30 age-and education-matched controls were administered the PDRT-C. A discriminant function using the total correct and response latency data successfully classified 74% of the malingerers and 100% of the CHI and normal control subjects on validation. Coached malingerers were more successful at avoiding detection than uncoached malingerers. However, the detection of coached malingerers rose from 47% to 70% by measuring response latency. Overall, 32% fewer errors were made using the total correct and response latency data when compared to classification rates using the total correct score alone.
A miniaturized, 1.9F integrated optical fiber and stone basket for use in thulium fiber laser lithotripsy

Abstract The thulium fiber laser (TFL) is being explored as an alternative laser lithotripter to the standard holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. The more uniform beam profile of the TFL enables higher power transmission through smaller fibers. In this study, a 100-μm core, 140-μm outer-diameter (OD) silica fiber with 5-mm length hollow steel tip was integrated with 1.3F (0.433-mm OD) nitinol wire basket to form a 1.9F (0.633-mm OD) device. TFL energy of 30 mJ, 500 μs pulse duration, and 500 Hz pulse rate was delivered to human uric acid stones, ex vivo. Stone ablation rates measured 1.5±0.2 mg/s, comparable to 1.7±0.3 mg/s using bare fiber tips separately with stone basket. With further development, this device may minimize stone retropulsion, allowing more efficient TFL lithotripsy at higher pulse rates. It may also provide increased flexibility, higher saline irrigation rates through the ureteroscope working channel, reduce fiber degradation compared with separate fiber and basket manipulation, and ...
Transdisciplinary Research, Transformative Learning, and Transformative Science

The relationship between inter- and transdisciplinary research and potentially transformative science is poorly understood. We use a case study of a long-term transdisciplinary research effort on hantaviruses combined with findings from studies of team science to generate a hypothesized model that links cross-disciplinary collaboration with transformative scientific outcomes. We show that potentially transformative research depends on the existence of an interesting and worthwhile problem to which participants can contribute in salient ways, human and material foundations within disciplines, collaborative mutualism across disciplines, and a transformative learning process that enables knowledge integration across diverse perspectives. Transformative learning theory suggests that new, integrated conceptual understanding is initiated by disorienting dilemmas. We argue that engagement in cross-disciplinary collaboration produces disorienting dilemmas that initiate transformative learning. Our hypothesized mo...
Cultural Aspects of Workplace Organization and Space

The culture of white-collar work organizations has recently received considerable attention in the popular and scholarly press. On one hand, the increasing globalization of business makes understanding the role of national culture for workers and markets critically important. On the other, organizational and corporate culture has been extensively studied as a way of understanding the attitudes, views, and daily behaviors of a company or department that go beyond formal organizational structures or ideologies. As businesses attempt to reduce their formal bureaucracies and become more flexible, the ability to influence their own culture takes on special urgency (Kilmann, Saxton, & Serpa, 1985; Peters & Waterman, 1982).
Conflicting Commitments: The Politics of Enforcing Immigrant Worker Rights in San Jose and Houston

A review of the book "Conflicting Commitments: The Politics of Enforcing Immigrant Worker Rights in San Jose and Houston," by Shannon Gleeson is presented.
New Challenges in Southern Africa: From Regional Conflict to Internal Reconstruction

With the possible exception of the Horn of Africa, arguably no other African region has been subject to multiple traumas such as those endured by Southern Africa. From the brutal Portuguese colonization to the vicious civil wars in Angola and Mozambique, not to mention the ravages of apartheid in South Africa and Namibia, the last four hundred years have seen sheer brutality of man over fellow man. Since 1990, however, there has been a steady reversal of the conditions that have historically caused violence in the region. In this article, the author examines this legacy and the struggle to construct politically viable states from a human rights dimension. Although countries in the region are states juridically, they lack the other essential ingredients of stable statehood, such as nationally committed political classes, a loyal citizenry with a sense of civic duty, and a strong base for economic development. Unless emergent democracies develop such variables, the experiment with open and free societies may fail. Human rights can only be secured when these fundamental questions on the viability of the state are successfully addressed.
Current CITE-ings from the popular and trade computing press: telework and telecommuting

Purpose – This article examines Current CITE-ings from the Popular and Trade Computing Press, Telework and Telecommuting Design/methodology/approach – The methodology adopted is a literature review. Findings – Readily available technologies now allow librarians to perform most of their work-offsite. Some traditional building-based services such as reference, have been taken over by virtual reference and now even instruction offers options on par with or even better than classroombased questions such as a webinar that can be viewed and reviewed at any time or by having librarians embedded into various courseware packages. Researchlimitations/implications – Librarians no longer need be limited to a single library; groups of subject librarians can work together in the cloud to provide services to multiple universities. Originality/value – This article collates some articles from the non-library literature that mayprovide some ideas and review advantages and disadvantages for both the library and employee
Bonded-H in Gate Dielectrics Deposited by Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition and Subjected to Rapid Thermal Annealing

The incorporation of bonded nitrogen into ultra thin SiO2 gate dielectrics has become an important technology issue. Nitrogen atoms bonded in the immediate vicinity of the Si-SiO2 interface improve device reliability in n-channel field effect transistors. N- atom incorporation at the monolayer concentration range has been achieved by remote plasma assisted oxidation in N2O at 300°C. The incorporation mechanism and the stability of bonded-N are discussed.
Adaptive Subspace Identification Based on Moving-Window QR Decomposition and Rapid PCA

Moving window QR can not only update the orthogonal projection rapidly,but also describe it as a rank-k modification problem.Based on it,a rapid principal component analysis(PCA)algorithm with high accuracy was proposed to update the signal subspace accurately,which accelerated the non-linear iterative partial least squares(NIPALS)by transforming the computation of eigenvector into the updating of three small-size vectors.The proposed adaptive subspace identification algorithm combines moving window QR and rapid PCA technolgies together.Numerical simulation study demonstrates the efficiency of the technology.
Effect of Thrombus Composition and Viscosity on Sonoreperfusion Efficacy in a Model of Micro-Vascular Obstruction.

Distal embolization of micro-thrombi during stenting for myocardial infarction causes micro-vascular obstruction (MVO). We have previously shown that sonoreperfusion (SRP), a microbubble (MB)-mediated ultrasound (US) therapy, resolves MVO from venous micro-thrombi in vitro in saline. However, blood is more viscous than saline, and arterial thrombi that embolize during stenting are mechanically distinct from venous clot. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that MVO created with arterial micro-thrombi are more resistant to SRP therapy compared with venous micro-thrombi, and higher viscosity further increases the US requirement for effective SRP in an in vitro model of MVO. Lipid MBs suspended in plasma with adjusted viscosity (1.1 cP or 4.0 cP) were passed through tubing bearing a mesh with 40-μm pores to simulate a micro-vascular cross-section; upstream pressure reflected thrombus burden. To simulate MVO, the mesh was occluded with either arterial or venous micro-thrombi to increase upstream pressure to 40 mmHg ± 5 mmHg. Therapeutic long-tone-burst US was delivered to the occluded area for 20 min. MB activity was recorded with a passive cavitation detector. MVO caused by arterial micro-thrombi at either blood or plasma viscosity resulted in less effective SRP therapy compared to venous thrombi. Higher viscosity further reduced the effectiveness of SRP therapy. The passive cavitation detector showed a decrease in inertial cavitation when viscosity was increased, while stable cavitation was affected in a more complex manner. Overall, these data suggest that arterial thrombi may require higher acoustic pressure US than venous thrombi to achieve similar SRP efficacy; increased viscosity decreases SRP efficacy; and both inertial and stable cavitation are implicated in observed SRP efficacy.
Plato in Folsom Prison: Eldridge Cleaver, Black Power, Queer Classicism

Of the many structures which constitute the intellectual architecture of Black Power, where do “canonical” sources of political theory stand? How are they incorporated, reworked, and critiqued by t...
Urge incontinence can be a disease of bladder sensors.

AbstractIn many cases of urge incontinence the pathophysiology is unclear. Detrusor instability, detrusor hyperreflexia, urethral instability and poor sensory perception all have been suggested as requirements for urge incontinence. Sensory perception, as proposed recently, may be mediated by 2 bladder sensors. The first sensor, located at the trigone and posterior urethra, is sensitive to small changes in pressure and may function as an early warning system of bladder filling. In the diagnostic evaluation of urge incontinence 5 patients had a triad of absence of the first sensor, an intact second sensor, that is the urge to void when the bladder is stretched with fluid, and normal spontaneous detrusor contraction. Based upon these findings it is suggested that some instances of urge incontinence result when the early warning system fails and detrusor contraction occurs just shortly after the second sensor is stimulated. Detrusor instability was identified in 3 of the 5 patients with urge incontinence, an...
Gross Findings of Widespread Visceral Metastasis of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma With Neuroendocrine Features: A Case Report

Although prostate cancer is common in the western world and is associated with favorable overall survival, neuroendocrine prostate cancer is difficult to detect and is known to aggressively metastasize throughout the body. This subset of disease thus has a poor prognosis, and early detection and treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer may increase overall survival. We present a case of a now deceased 63 year old male with extensive epicardial, respiratory, hepato-bilary, adrenal, genitourinary, and osseous tissue metastasis.
Office Management of Prolonged Erection/Priapism

We define a prolonged erection as one of penetration hardness greater than 2 h in duration, and priapism is such an erection lasting longer than 4 h. Ischemic (low-flow, veno-occlusive) priapism is a medical emergency, which may lead to erectile tissue fibrosis and permanent erectile dysfunction. The management of prolonged erection/priapism is performed in a stepwise algorithm involving increasing invasiveness. This treatment algorithm begins with the injection of a vasoconstricting sympathomimetic medication (phenylephrine), followed by aspiration/irrigation of the corpora cavernosa if necessary, and finally creating a surgical shunt to facilitate cavernosal drainage and detumescence.
A Comment on Contemporary Definitions of Reinforcement as a Behavioral Process

An error in terminology in many contemporary definitions of reinforcement as a behavioral process is presented and discussed. The error is a failure to specify explicitly that antecedent stimulus functions (e.g., eliciting and discriminative) must to be ruled out when invoking “reinforcement” to describe a behavior-change process. The use of inaccurate definitions in the current behavioral literature is reported; problems associated with them are described; and pertinent issues in experimental design are discussed. Finally, an argument is made that a more complete definition of reinforcement might promote more effective scientific practice.
The price of tomography: SNR comparisons of acquisition strategies for X-ray fluorescence imaging

We have been working to develop and implement faster synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) methods for the mapping of trace metals in biological samples. As practiced now, the XFCT image acquisition process is slow (on the order of 1 or more hours per slice), which severely limits the ability to perform 3D imaging and to image multiple samples for sake of comparison and improved experimental statistics. This is because the data needed for tomographic reconstruction are acquired line-by-line in a first-generation tomo-graphic geometry. Recently, we have been demonstrated the feasibility of using emission tomography systems for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence computer tomography. The proposed detection system combines high-resolution semiconductor detectors with multiple-pinhole apertures. The most promising acquisition mode involves using a sheet-collimated beam to illuminate a single plane through the object, which can then be directly imaged through the pinholes without need for tomographic reconstruction. Monte Carlo and experimental studies demonstrated the potential for order-of-magnitude improvements in SNR or imaging speed using this strategy. Some have found this surprising since the use of a pinhole collimator greatly reduces the detection efficiency of the system. In the present paper, we derive analytic figures of merit based on the ideal observer signal to noise ratio for the two geometries. These FOMs provide simple analytic insight into the reason for the improvement obtained with the pinhole-based system: the low detection efficiency is more than compensated for by avoiding the ill-posedness of tomographic reconstruction. The derived FOMs also provide a basis for performing system optimization.
Changing occupational therapists’ knowledge of their role in secondary transition planning

ABSTRACTStudents with disabilities need to effectively transition to adult occupations after secondary school. Occupational therapists are uniquely qualified to support this transition to adulthood; however, school-based occupational therapists report a lack of understanding of their role in transition planning (Kardos & White, 2005; Mankey, 2011). The purpose of this mixed-method study was to explore the effectiveness of a six-module e-training intervention designed to teach school-based occupational therapists about their role in secondary transition planning. Participants completed pre/post tests and provided qualitative information via online discussion. Results suggest that online training modules are an effective continuing education intervention to improve occupational therapists’ knowledge of secondary transition.
Perceptions of Campus Safety Policies: Contrasting the Views of Students with Faculty and Staff

A series of recommendations to colleges and universities concerning safety, security, and incident response policies emerged in the aftermath of several high-profile tragic events on campuses. Although these appear as “common sense” solutions to the perceived risks, little is known about the level of support the normative recommendations receive from the very people they are intended to protect. This study utilizes survey data from a Midwestern university to examine the level of support expressed by students, faculty, and staff for commonly recommended campus safety policies and procedures. Multivariate models are used to compare the viability of explaining levels of support through the lenses of respondent demographics and experiences, fear of crime, and perceptions of campus public safety. Although attitudes significantly differed, students were substantively quite similar to faculty and staff. However, the factors that were hypothesized to influence support for campus safety initiatives (i.e., prior victimization, fear of crime, protective measures, perception of disorder, race, sex, and age) were not consistently predictive. This suggests that campus policymakers and state legislatures may be well served to consider the opinions of campus community members before imposing what may be unpopular policies that have questionable efficacy.
Walks in rigid environments: Continuous limits

We derive the continuous limits of kinetic equations for spatially discrete systems generated by the motion of a particle in a random array of scatterers. The type of scatterer at a vertex changes after the r-th visit of the particle to this vertex, where 1≤r≤∞. Such deterministic cellular automata belong to the class of walks in rigid environments. It has been recently shown that they form the simplest dynamical models with sub-diffusive, diffusive and super-diffusive behaviour. Due to the deterministic character of the dynamics, the continuous limit equations obtained for these models are of the Euler type rather than the diffusive type. The reason for that is that the fluctuations in these models are relatively small and there is no scaling of probabilities similar, for example, to those in the case of biased random walk, that can account for them.
The enduring effect of scientific interest on trust in climate scientists in the United States

People who distrust scientists are more likely to reject scientific consensus, and are more likely to support politicians who are sceptical of scientific research1. Consequently, boosting Americans’ trust in scientists is a central goal of science communication2. However, while previous research has identified several correlates of distrust in climate scientists3 and scientists more broadly4, far less is known about potential long-term influences taking root in young adulthood. This omission is notable, as previous research suggests that attitudes towards science formulated in pre-teenage years play a key role in shaping attitudes in adulthood5. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth, I find that interest in science at age 12–14 years is associated with increased trust in climate scientists in adulthood (mid thirties), irrespective of Americans’ political ideology. The enduring and bipartisan effects of scientific interest at young ages suggest a potential direction for future efforts to boost mass trust in climate scientists. Analysis of longitudinal survey data shows that interest in science at age 12–14 years is associated with increased trust in climate scientists in adulthood (mid thirties) in the United States, irrespective of political ideology.
Spaces, Operators and Transformations

In this chapter we introduce some functional spaces, classes of differential operators and a transform that will play the role of the Fourier transform. We investigate the properties of the spaces and operators with respect to this transform.
Media and mobility: Two fields, one subject:

This article advocates greater collaboration between media studies and mobility studies. After exploring the ways that media can be immobile, mobile and ambient, it examines how each field has inco...
Spectral Variability of Remotely Sensed Target Materials: Causes, Models, and Strategies for Mitigation and Robust Exploitation

The central problem in hyperspectral remote sensing is characterizing the material components of a scene based on the spectral radiance observed in the image pixels. What makes this challenging is the fact that the spectral response for a given material exhibits considerable variability from a variety of causes: intrinsic (depending on the composition or morphology of the material), extrinsic (depending on the size of an object or the concentration of the material), or environmental (due to illumination, atmospheric distortion, and so on). In this article, we survey many of the causes of spectral variability, describe spectral models for this variability, and outline some signal processing and target detection strategies for analyzing hyperspectral data in a way that is more robust to this variability.
Information Flow Control for Distributed Trusted Execution Environments

Distributed applications cannot assume that their security policies will be enforced on untrusted hosts. Trusted execution environments (TEEs) combined with cryptographic mechanisms enable execution of known code on an untrusted host and the exchange of confidential and authenticated messages with it. TEEs do not, however, establish the trustworthiness of code executing in a TEE. Thus, developing secure applications using TEEs requires specialized expertise and careful auditing. This paper presents DFLATE, a core security calculus for distributed applications with TEEs. DFLATE offers high-level abstractions that reflect both the guarantees and limitations of the underlying security mechanisms they are based on. The accuracy of these abstractions is exhibited by asymmetry between confidentiality and integrity in our formal results: DFLATE enforces a strong form of noninterference for confidentiality, but only a weak form for integrity. This reflects the asymmetry of the security guarantees of a TEE: a malicious host cannot access secrets in the TEE or modify its contents, but they can suppress or manipulate the sequence of its inputs and outputs. Therefore DFLATE cannot protect against the suppression of high-integrity messages, but when these messages are delivered, their contents cannot have been influenced by an attacker.
Geographical information system applications in environmental impact assessment

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become of increasing significance in recent years. One main reason for this in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the need to compare a great number of area-related data describing the natural resources involved and their sensitivity to the effects of various impacts. Because GIS can be used to couple area-related data with their attributes, and can be used to overlay these, they represent highly efficient instruments for such planning tasks.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects predominantly young women, with greater prevalence and more severe disease in blacks and Hispanics. There are both genetic and environmental triggers to the disease. There are two classification criteria for SLE, with manifestations that include the cutaneous, musculoskeletal, serositis, renal, neuropsychiatric, cytopenias, and serological antibodies in the classification for SLE. Medications may also cause lupus-like symptoms, hydralazine, procainamide, penicillamine, quinidine, minocycline, isoniazid, antitumor necrosis factor inhibitors, diltiazem, interferon-alpha, methyldopa, and chlorpromazine. NSAIDs and thiazide diuretics can trigger a photosensitive rash in SLE patients. Renal involvement in SLE is divided into six classes, which can be differentiated by renal biopsy. The ACR has 19 case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE), including diffuse and focal manifestations. Anti-neuronal antibodies, anti-ribosomal P antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, and anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (neuromyelitis optica) may play a role in the NPSLE. Cyclophosphamide may decrease fertility in lupus. Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives are safe in certain populations of SLE patients with no or low-disease activity and those who do not have antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Hydroxychloroquine may reduce the risk for SLE flares during pregnancy, and data suggests that it may lessen the risk for neonatal lupus in SSA- or SSB-positive mothers.
Review: The Printed and the Built: Architecture, Print Culture and Public Debate in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Mari Hvattum and Anne Hultzsch, and Plaster Monuments: Architecture and the Power of Reproduction, by Mari Lending

Mari Hvattum and Anne Hultzsch, eds. The Printed and the Built: Architecture, Print Culture and Public Debate in the Nineteenth Century London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2018, 306 pp., 115 color illus. £75.00 (cloth), ISBN 9781350038417; £24.99 (paper), ISBN 9781350038400 Mari Lending Plaster Monuments: Architecture and the Power of Reproduction Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2018, 284 pp., 48 color and 73 b/w illus. $49.95/£40 (cloth), ISBN 9780691177144 “For better or worse, all my figures are men and all my texts are canonical, but the men do not look so triumphant in retrospect, and today the canon appears less a barricade to storm than a ruin to pick through.” These lines, written by Hal Foster, appear in his 2002 article “Archives of Modern Art,” which traces major shifts in the memory structure of European art between 1850 and 1950. Rereading this history through a series of oppositions (Baudelaire/Manet, Valery/Proust, Panofsky/Benjamin), Foster examines the “institutional relay” between the artist's studio and the space of the museum. Art in the nineteenth century was a “mnemonic elaboration” of earlier work. Yet this relation between the atelier and the museum was hardly a one-way street: Baudelaire's idea of artistic practice, for instance, “already presumes the space of the museum as the structure of its mnemonic effects.” Each theorist's position is reread through a “dialectic of reification and reanimation”—that is, the shifting relation between art museum and art studio could reanimate European art, reify it into a spectacle, or both. Foster ends by asking how our own archival moment, the age of digital reproducibility, is transforming art's memory structure. His answer is compelling: “If the old museum, as imagined from Baudelaire through Proust and beyond, was the site for the mnemonic reanimation of visual art, the new museum tends to split the mnemonic experience from the visual one.”1 Decoupled from its archival/mnemonic function, the new museum highlights the exhibition and exchange value of art in unprecedented ways. The two volumes under review here offer insight into the now-lost memory structure of the nineteenth century by rethinking architecture's relation with technical reproductions—printed images and plaster casts. Meticulously researched and produced, these two books reveal a curatorial approach to architectural history, one that foregrounds …
What is the role of green stormwater infrastructure in managing extreme precipitation events

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is increasingly used to comply with stormwater management requirements under the Clean Water Act, but there is growing interest in leveraging GSI as part of cl...
Comparative study on lying position between bolster and without pillow after lumbar puncture in children

Objective To explore a safe and comfortable lying position for children undergoing lumbar puncture.Methods Totals of 80 children with normal intracranial pressure needing to undertake lumbar puncture were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The experimental group were cushioned a pillow with a thickness of 8cm,and were free to turn over after lumbar puncture.The control group were according to conventional nursing care in horizontal position without pillow after lumbar puncture.Compared the incidence of headache and low back pain,and the seepage quantity of cerebrospinal fluid in two groups 24 h after lumbar puncture.Results The degree of headache for 0,1,2,3 level in the experimental group respectively were 32,4,2,2 cases,the control group respectively were 33,3,3,1 cases,there was no statistically significant difference (Z =-0.283,P ＞ 0.05).The degree of low back pain for 0,1,2,3,4 level in the experimental group respectively were 37,3,0,0,0 cases and control group were 27,7,3,2,1 cases,the difference was statistically significant (Z =-2.885,P ＜ 0.05).The seepage quantity of cerebrospinal fluid in the experimental group was (0.31 ±0.18) g,the control group was (0.36 ±0.21)g,there was no statistically significant difference (t =1.14,P ＞ 0.05).The unbearable,uncomfortable but can bear,doesn't matter and comfortable four levels respectively were 3,5,21,11 cases,the control group were 7,17,15,1 case,the difference was statistically significant (Z =-3.932,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Normal intracranial pressure children with postoperative lumbar puncture suitable cushion pillow in bed,which can reduce the incidence of back pain,and improve their comfortable. Key words: Children; Spinal taps; Pain, after the operation; Pad the hypothesis; Pillow recumbent
Medium Voltage Bidirectional DC-DC Isolator using Series Connected 10kV SiC MOSFETs

This paper proposes a practical and economically viable MVDC bidirectional DC-DC isolator required for interface of grids to Microgrid (MG), MG to MG and integration of large scale renewable energy sources to the grid. The proposed MVDC bidirectional isolator can also be used in MVDC to HVDC series/parallel taps and other MV interconnections that need galvanic isolation. Dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter based isolator is a suitable solution for achieving isolation and bidirectional power flow in medium voltage applications. Three level, three phase DC-DC converter topology with series connected Gen 3 10kV SiC MOSFETs is used to implement the proposed DAB converter to obtain a 24kV DC bus. The design specifications of proposed DAB converter is described in detail. Large signal modelling for the three level and three phase DAB converter with a non-linear transformer model is presented. Finally, experimental results for a single phase half bridge DAB and full Bridge DAB converter operating at 2.5kV DC bus is presented.
Examining How Newcomer Women to Canada Use Social Media for Social Support

Background This study utilized an exploratory sequential mixed-method research design to examine how newcomer women in Canada use social media for support to enhance their mental well-being.Analysis The qualitative findings revealed that social media helped these newcomer women both before and after their arrival in Canada. The quantitative results showed that newcomer women mostly use social media for receiving information, followed by esteem support, networking, and emotional support.Conclusion and implications The effectiveness of social media was dependent on the participants’ socioeconomic and migration status. Social media were evidently useful for resisting and coping with stress and contributed to online community connectedness. However, using social media was a source of concern for refugee women due to personal safety, immigration proceedings, and customs. Contexte Cette etude recourt a une conception sequentielle exploratoire fondee sur une methode mixte de recherche afin d’examiner comment les nouvelles immigrantes au Canada utilisent les medias sociaux pour menager leur sante mentale.Analyse Les donnees qualitatives de cette etude montrent que les medias sociaux ont aide ces femmes immigrantes pendant et apres leur arrivee au Canada. Les donnees quantitatives montrent que les nouvelles immigrantes utilisent les medias sociaux d’abord pour recevoir de l’information et ensuite pour maintenir leur estime de soi, faire du reseautage et trouver des appuis emotionnels.Conclusion et implications Selon l’etude, l’efficacite des medias sociaux depend du statut socioeconomique et migratoire des participantes. Il est clair d’autre part que les medias sociaux sont utiles pour resister au stress ainsi que pour le gerer, et qu’ils contribuent a entretenir des rapports avec la communaute en ligne. En meme temps, les medias sociaux peuvent etre une source de soucis pour les refugiees par rapport a leurs traditions, au processus d’immigration et au besoin de securite personnelle.
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 as a novel regulator of blood pressure

The mechanisms underlying hypertension are multifaceted and incompletely understood. New evidence suggests that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) mediates protective actions within the ...
Code Section 304 The Gift That Keeps on Giving

One central focus of the TCJA was to encourage U.S. international firms to "bring back earnings to the U.S." In an attempt to achieve this goal, the legislation enacted Section 245A, which provides a 100% DRD to U.S. corporations for certain foreign-sourced distributions. Section 304 requires the reclassification of stock sales between affiliated corporations as dividends. However, for many years, Code Section 304 was not fulfilling the original "anti-avoidance" tax policy that was behind its legislation, as is explained in this paper. Currently, the TCJA has created an opportunity to utilize Section 304 and Section 245A via a much more powerful tax planning tool. By utilizing the rules related to redemptions by related corporations under the (purportedly) anti-abuse provisions of Section 304 combined with the new 100% DRD of Section 245A, extracting earnings from affiliated foreign corporations tax-free has never been easier. This paper will discuss these two Code Sections and the micro-policy behind them The paper will then explain how they interact with each other and the resulting ability to extract certain foreign-sourced earnings tax-free. The paper will then finally suggest a legislative solution to fix this result and achieve parity between domestic U.S. corporations and foreign corporations.