cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practice Characteristics of Pediatric Otolaryngology Same-Day Appointments.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess characteristics of same-day clinic appointments in a pediatric population at an academic otolaryngology practice. METHODS Retrospective chart review of patients aged 18 or younger who had same-day clinic appointments between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, at a single academic institution. Demographic data, diagnosis(es), procedures, and operations completed were included in the analysis. RESULTS There were 363 same-day visits by 322 patients in the 3-year study period. Two hundred sixty-nine (269) of these visits were from new patients. Otitis media and rhinosinusitis were the most frequently coded diagnoses. One hundred forty-four (144) procedures were completed the day of the visit and 169 operations were performed as a result of the same-day visit. If the patient had a procedure or operation performed, they were more likely to have been referred by another provider. CONCLUSIONS Providing same-day appointments can help provide timely and appropriate otolaryngology specialty care to pediatric patients. Further evaluation is needed to determine the effects on patient satisfaction as well as no-show rates.
Making IGP routing robust to link failures

An important requirement of a robust traffic engineering solution is insensitivity to changes, be they in the form of traffic fluctuations or changes in the network topology because of link failures. In this paper we focus on developing a fast and effective technique to compute traffic engineering solutions for Interior Gateway Protocol (IGPs) environments that are robust to link failures in the logical topology. The routing and packet forwarding decisions for IGPs is primarily governed by link weights. Our focus is on computing a single set of link weights for a traffic engineering instance that performs well over all single logical link failures. Such types of failures, although usually not long lasting, of the order of tens of minutes, can occur with high enough frequency, of the order of several a day, to significantly affect network performance. The relatively short duration of such failures coupled with issues of computational complexity and convergence time due to the size of current day networks discourage adaptive reactions to such events. Consequently, it is desirable to a priori compute a routing solution that performs well in all such scenarios. Through computational evaluations we demonstrate that our technique yields link weights that perform well over all single link failures and also scales well, in terms of computational complexity, with the size of the network.
Modernism and Cultural Conflict, 1880-1922

Acknowledgements Introduction: rethinking modernism, remapping the turn of the twentieth century 1. Beatrice Webb and the 'serious' artist 2. Inventing literary tradition, ghosting Oscar Wilde and the Victorian fin de siecle 3. The Lost Girl, Tarr, and the 'moment' of modernism 4. Mapping the middlebrow in Edwardian England 5. 'Life is not composed of watertight compartments': the New Age's critique of modernist literary specialization Conclusion: modernism and English studies in history Select bibliography Index.
Modeling Reliability Growth During Non-representative Testing

A reliability growth model is presented that permits prediction of operational reliability without requiring that testing be conducted according to the operation profile of the program input space. Compared to prior growth models, this one shifts the observed random variable from interfailure time to a post-mortem analysis of the debugged faults, using order statistics to combine the observed failure rates of faults no matter how those faults were detected. Under this model, representative testing can be used early, when the rate of fault revelation is high. As the program becomes more reliable and the rate of fault detection falls, developers can switch to directed (non-representative) testing to increase the rate of fault detection and, consequently, of actual improvement to the software.
A Vision for Cyberinfrastructure for Coastal Forecasting and Change Analysis

This paper gives an overview of a recently initiated cyberinfrastructure project at The Ohio State University. This project proposes to develop and evaluate a cyberinfrastructure component for environmental applications. This will include developments in middleware, model integration, analysis, and mining techniques, and the use of a service model for supporting two closely related applications. These applications will be real-time coastal nowcasting and forecasting, and long-term coastal erosion analysis and prediction.
Inter-Profile Similarity (IPS): A Method for Semantic Analysis of Online Social Networks

Online Social Networks (OSN)[OSN] are experiencing an explosive growth rate and are becoming an increasingly important part of people’s lives. There is an increasing desire to aid online users in identifying potential friends, interesting groups, and compelling products to users. These networks have offered researchers almost total access to large corpora of data. An interesting goal in utilizing this data is to analyze user profiles and identify how similar subsets of users are. The current techniques for comparing users are limited as they require common terms to be shared by users. We present a simple and novel extension to a word-comparison algorithm [6], entitled Inter-Profile Similarity (IPS), which allows comparison of short text phrases even if they share no common terms. The output of Inter-Profile Similarity (IPS) is simply a scalar value in [0,1], with 1 denoting complete similarity and 0 the opposite. Therefore it is easy to understand and can provide a total ordering of users. We, first, evaluated the effectiveness of Inter-Profile Similarity (IPS) with a user-study, and then applied it to datasets from Facebook and Orkut verifying and extending earlier results. We show that Inter-Profile Similarity (IPS) yields both a larger range for the similarity value and obtains a higher value than intersection-based mechanisms. Both Inter-Profile Similarity (IPS) and the output from the analysis of the two Online Social Networks (OSN)[OSN] should help to predict and classify social links, make recommendations, and annotate friends relations for social network analysis.
Evaluation of Computer‐Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) With IDENT Stain to Determine Sperm Concentration

This study was undertaken to compare a new fluorescent stain-based computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system (IDENT) for determining human sperm concentration to the manual hemacytometric method and to conventional CASA (CASA-CONV). Normal healthy semen donors as well as patients provided samples that were evaluated for sperm concentration with the CASA-IDENT method, the hemacytometer method, and CASA-CONV. Each field was examined visually to determine the sources of overcounting and undercounting for the two CASA methods. Four ranges of sperm concentration were examined: 0-10, > 10-30, > 30-100, and > 100 x 10(6)/ml. The main outcome measures were sperm concentration, debris counted as sperm, and missed sperm. Our results showed that significantly more debris was counted as sperm and more sperm were missed with CASA-CONV than CASA-IDENT. As the sperm density increased, so did the number of counting errors for the CASA-CONV system. The error rate was much greater using CASA-CONV (12.1 +/- 42.2%) than with CASA-IDENT (0.4 +/- 0.7%) when compared to hemacytometer counts (P = 0.068). We conclude that the CASA-IDENT method of sperm counting is highly accurate and less time-consuming when compared to the hemacytometer method. There are significant differences in the amount of debris counted as sperm and number of missed sperm between CASA-CONV and CASA-IDENT with varying sperm density. With both parameters, the counts are more accurate using the CASA-IDENT method.
Regulatory Mechanisms in the Biosynthesis of Isoleucine and Valine II. Identification of Two Operator Genes

Ramakrishnan, T. (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), and Edward A. Adelberg. Regulatory mechanisms in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. II. Identification of two operator genes. J. Bacteriol. 89:654–660. 1965.—A tightly clustered set of five structural genes governs the synthesis of the five enzymes of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Three of the genes governing transaminase B, dehydrase, and threonine deaminase, are controlled by a single operator locus, designated oprA. The structural gene governing the condensing enzyme is controlled by a second operator locus, designated oprB. Both oprA and oprB have been shown to regulate structural genes which are cis, but not trans, to their own operator. No mutations have yet been found which affect the level of reductoisomerase, but the existence of a third operator controlling the synthesis of this enzyme can be inferred. Enzyme derepression resulting from mutations in oprA confers resistance to high levels of valine. Derepression of the condensing enzyme resulting from mutations in oprB confers resistance to low levels of valine, and to α-aminobutyric acid. The significance of these findings with respect to the valine sensitivity of E. coli strain K-12 is discussed.
Impact of a Unique International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion Research

There is no question that the International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion is a unique event that has had a significant impact on the treatment of neonatal, infantile, and pediatric cardiopulmonary patients around the globe since 2005. This annual event will continue as long as there is a need to fill the gap for underserved patient population. It will also continue to recognize promising young investigators based on their full manuscripts for young investigator awards.
Mechanisms of myogenic enhancement by norepinephrine.

Mechanisms contributing to the ability of norepinephrine (NE) to enhance arteriolar myogenic responsiveness were studied in the rat cremaster muscle. Anesthetized rats were enclosed in an airtight box that could be pressurized to increase intravascular pressure in the cremaster, which was exteriorized into a tissue bath. Vessel diameter, intravascular pressure, and red cell velocity were measured in the first-order (1A) arteriole during box pressure increases of 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. Control arterioles [diameter = 113 +/- 3 (SE) microns] did not exhibit myogenic constriction in response to step increases in intravascular pressure (e.g., + 30 mmHg, diameter = 122 +/- 5 microns), whereas after 25% constriction with NE (diameter = 85 +/- 2 microns) arterioles exhibited significant myogenic constriction (e.g., +30 mmHg, diameter = 70 +/- 4 microns). The NE effect on myogenic reactivity was augmented by Ca2+ channel agonists and inhibited by antagonists, suggesting a role for voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. In contrast to NE, exposure to KCl (30 mM) did not enhance myogenic responsiveness, suggesting that factors in addition to voltage-operated channels were involved in the NE effect. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator indolactam (1 microM) was found to increase vascular tone in the 1A arterioles (diameter = 109 +/- 6 to 89 +/- 7 microns) and to induce significant myogenic responsiveness similar to that produced by NE (e.g., +30 mmHg, diameter = 65 +/- 9 microns). Staurosporine (0.1 microM) and calphostin C (1 microM), inhibitors of PKC, significantly attenuated the NE-induced myogenic response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Syntheses of organometallic compounds containing iminoacyl ligands. Reactions of metal carbonyl anions with imidoyl halides

Abstract Reactions of metal carbonyl anions with imidoyl halides provide a convenient route for the preparation of organometallic complexes containing both η 1 - and η 2 -iminoacyl ligands. With poorer nucleophiles such as tetracarbonyl cobaltate anion, coupling of imidoyl groupings becomes important. This is illustrated by the molecules Co 2 (CO) 5 (P(CH 3 ) 2 C 6 H 5 ){(C 6 H 5 )CN(C 6 H 5 )} 2 which has been crystallographically analyzed.
Engineering an effective immune adjuvant by designed control of shape and crystallinity of aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles.

Adjuvants based on aluminum salts (Alum) are commonly used in vaccines to boost the immune response against infectious agents. However, the detailed mechanism of how Alum enhances adaptive immunity and exerts its adjuvant immune effect remains unclear. Other than being comprised of micrometer-sized aggregates that include nanoscale particulates, Alum lacks specific physicochemical properties to explain activation of the innate immune system, including the mechanism by which aluminum-based adjuvants engage the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β production. This is putatively one of the major mechanisms required for an adjuvant effect. Because we know that long aspect ratio nanomaterials trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome, we synthesized a library of aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanorods to determine whether control of the material shape and crystalline properties could be used to quantitatively assess NLRP3 inflammasome activation and linkage of the cellular response to the material’s adjuvant activities in vivo. U...
Inactivation of progesterone by fetal mouse tissues in vitro.

SummaryHomogenates of whole fetal mouse of the 12th, 13th, and 14th days of pregnancy and of fetal mouse liver of the 15th and 16th days inactivate progesterone in vitro.
College student drinking research from the 1940s to the future: where we have been and where we are going

OBJECTIVE: College student drinking is not a new phenomenon, yet the field of research studying college student drinking is relatively young. In recognition of the 75th anniversary of what is now the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, this article reviews the path from the first article to focus exclusively on college student drinking as the topic (published in 1945) to the current state of the science and attempts to look forward to the next steps in the field's research agenda. METHOD: Articles were selected by consensus of the authors from incarnations of the journal and other academic journals based on their relevance to the genesis of current best practices regarding college student drinking prevention. RESULTS: Major eras and themes include (a) early efforts to describe and understand college student drinking; (b) building foundations for prevention and intervention efforts in response to growing concerns about high-risk drinking; (c) the emergence of harm-reduction efforts, normative interventions, and efforts to document campus strategies; (d) efficacious prevention efforts and high-risk drinking; (e) the "Call to Action" Task Force Report from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; and (f) updates to the science (including emerging technology). CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the rich history of science related to college drinking prevention should prepare and guide our field for the next 75 years of scientific advances, leading to even greater understanding of the etiology and topology of college student drinking as well as more effective methods to reduce alcohol-related harms. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, Supplement 17, 26-35, 2014). Language: en
The prevalence of undiagnosed and unrecognized primary hyperparathyroidism: A population-based analysis from the electronic medical record

Background The electronic medical record (EMR) of a large, tertiary referral center was examined to study the prevalence of undiagnosed and unrecognized primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Methods The EMR was queried for outpatient serum calcium >10.5 mg/dL over a 2-year period. Results Of 2.7 million patients, 54,198 (2%) had hypercalcemia (>10.5 mg/dL). In a 2-year sample of 7,269 patients, 1.3% (95 patients) had a recorded diagnosis of PHPT, and 0.3% (16 patients) had parathyroidectomy. Of the remaining patients, parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were recorded in 32% (2,337 patients). Of patients with PTH measured, 71% (1,662 patients) had PHPT (PTH > 30 pg/mL). Patients with calcium of 11.1–11.5 mg/dL were most likely to have PHPT (55%). Patients with calcium >12 mg/dL were most likely to have PTH measured (52%). Of hypercalcemic patients, 67% never had PTH obtained, 28% of whom were likely to have PHPT. It is estimated that 43% of hypercalcemic patients are likely to have PHPT. The estimated prevalence of PHPT in the general population is 0.86%. Conclusion PHPT is a more common disorder than previously documented. It is crucial to evaluate even mild hypercalcemia, because 43% of these patients have PHPT. PHPT is underdiagnosed and undertreated.
An asymmetric neural network successive approximation A/D converter

Summary form only given, as follows. Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters have enabled various analog signals to be processed by today's flexible, programmable, fast, and accurate digital devices such as digital computers. There are several existing designs of digital A/D converters, such as the successive-approximation A/D converter and the symmetric neural network A/D converter which was introduced by Hopfield and Tank. A novel A/D converter using an asymmetric neural network, which shows simple structure and advantages in conversion speed and accuracy over the other A/D converters, has been developed. >
Lessons from the Empire of Writing

One of the reasons often advanced for the study of Western civilization is its history of scientific and technical prowess. Advances in science and technology have resulted in the many conveniences of modern life: air travel, automobiles, and smart phones, to name just a few. These are fruits of the Baconian project, which emphasized observation and measurement in the study of nature as part of an endeavor to “establish and extend the power and dominion of the human race itself over the whole universe.” 1 Bacon identified three inventions that separated the ancients from the moderns: the magnetic compass, gunpowder, and printing. 2 Of interest here
Assimilating “Real” Teachers in Teacher Education: Benefits and Limitations of a Professional Development School Course Delivery Model

Abstract This article presents the results of a research study that examined the benefits and limitations of a professional development school program designed to assimilate experienced high school teachers into the fabric of preservice educator preparation at an institution accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. Findings suggest that a content-specific methods course delivery and support structure is an effective innovation that negates deeply held stereotypes, cultivates school-university collaboration, improves the practice of veteran educators, and strengthens the repertoire of preservice teachers. However, minimal incentives to university faculty to maintain participation and classroom teachers' insufficient grasp of pedagogy emerged as barriers to sustainability. We surmise that teacher preparation programs can find creative ways to live up to the “intentions of the [professional development school] innovation” (Tyson, 1997, p. 1) and are poised to address the pro...
Comparison of α-linolenate and oleate in lowering activity of lipogenic enzymes in rat liver: Evidence for a greater effect of dietary linolenate independent of food and carbohydrate intake

Abstract The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of lipogenesis has been the subject of considerable speculation. To determine whether a polyunsaturated fatty acid has a greater effect than a monounsaturated fatty acid in reducing activities of lipogenic enzymes in rats fed a high-carbohydrate, fat-free diet (Muto, Y. and Gibson, D. M. (1970) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 38, 9–15) or whether the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids is only indirect (Gozukara, E. M., Frohlich, M. and Holten, D. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 286, 155–163) through reduction of food and carbohydrate intake, the effects of α-linolenate or oleate supplementation on the activities of lipogenic enzymes in liver were compared under conditions of equalized food intake (pair-feeding). In comparison with oleate supplementation, linolenate supplementation significantly reduced the activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, fatty acid synthetase, malic enzyme and citrate lyase in fasted-refed rats or in essential fatty acid-deficient rats pair-fed during the supplementation period. These results provide firm evidence for the hypothesis that polyunsaturated fatty acids are more effective than monoenoic or saturated fatty acids in reducing the activity of lipogenic enzymes in liver.
The magnetic analog with spiral search coils

The teaching of field theory is often enriched by citing analogies among the various potential fields: heat flow fields, fluid flow fields, current flow fields, electric fields, magnetic fields, etc. Thus, the magnetic analog is old in theory. However, it appears that it has not heretofore been developed into a fully useful device.
View from the top: The race for high-tech supremacy: In order to maintain market superiority, high-tech industries must increase RD government, academia, and industry need to join forces

High-tech industries will be the basic industries of tomorrow and, therefore, the cornerstone of the economy of any country that wants to be in a leadership position. In the United States, the strengths of the industry are innovation, a competitive free-market environment, skilled labor, and a broad and technically educated infrastructure. But the U.S. high-tech industry also has problems — mainly the cost and availability of capital, a diffuse research and development effort, and inattention to manufacturing technology and quality. In order for the United States to keep its competitive edge — particularly against its major trading partners, such as Japan — R&D efforts need to be stepped up, and a new relationship must be forged among government, academia, and industry.
Prediction of binary, overloaded elution profiles using the simple wave effect

The separation of binary mixtures in overloaded elution chromatography has been investigated experimentally and theoretically using the Rouchon-Golshan-Shirazi implementation of the semiideal model (equilibrium-dispersive model). A competitive Langmuir isotherm with parameters determined from single-component data gives good prediction of the experimental data. Improved predictions, however, can be obtained by directly measuring the binary isotherm using the method of the hodograph transform.
Understanding the sources of Caribbean precipitation biases in CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations

We assess the ability of Global Climate Models participating in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) to simulate observed annual precipitation cycles over the Caribbean. Compared to weather station records and gridded observations, we find that both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models can be grouped into three categories: (1) models that correctly simulate a bimodal distribution with two rainfall maxima in May–June and September–October, punctuated by a mid-summer drought (MSD) in July–August; (2) models that reproduce the MSD and the second precipitation maxima only; and (3) models that simulate only one precipitation maxima, beginning in early summer. These categories appear related to model simulation of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Specifically, models in category 2 tend to anticipate the westward expansion of the NASH into the Caribbean in early summer. Early onset of NASH results in strong moisture divergence and MSD-like conditions at the time of the May–June observed precipitation maxima. Models in category 3 tend to have cooler SST across the region, particularly over the central Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, as well as a weaker Caribbean low-level jet accompanying a weaker NASH. In these models, observed June-like patterns of moisture convergence in the central Caribbean and the Central America and divergence in the east Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico persist through September. This analysis suggests systematic biases in model structure may be responsible for biases in observed precipitation variability over the Caribbean and more confidence may be placed in the precipitation simulated by the GCMs that are able to correctly simulate seasonal cycles of SST and NASH.
Hippocampal memory system function and the regulation of cocaine self-administration behavior in rats

There is considerable interest in elucidating neurocognitive mechanisms of cocaine addiction. This report focuses on the hippocampal memory system. Using food reward, two cognitive tasks were examined after lidocaine inactivation of the dorsal (dSUB) or ventral (vSUB) subiculum, the primary hippocampal output regions in rats. These tasks were conducted to first identify functionally relevant stereotaxic coordinates within the hippocampal memory system, in order to then examine its role in regulating drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior studied under a contextually discriminable FI 5-min(FR5:S) second-order schedule of cocaine and brief stimulus delivery. Inactivation of the dSUB and vSUB with 10 μg lidocaine impaired hippocampal-dependent win-shift performance. Amygdalar-dependant conditioned cue preference, used as a test for behavioral specificity of lidocaine, was not affected following inactivation of either site. Inactivation of the dSUB with 100 μg lidocaine significantly reduced drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior studied during the cocaine self-administration maintenance phase. Following extinction, inactivation of neither the dSUB nor vSUB influenced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by drug-paired cues presented alone or with a cocaine priming injection. The impairments in win-shift performance are consistent with the spatial processing functions of the dSUB and vSUB, and the reduction in drug-taking behavior is consistent with the non-spatial temporal processing functions of the dSUB. The lack of an effect of dSUB and vSUB inactivation on reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior may relate to the fact that the contextual associations with cocaine were well-practiced at the time of cue reinstatement testing, and therefore, drug-seeking behavior was likely regulated by nonhippocampal-dependent mechanisms.
Wavelength-dependent spatial correction and spectral calibration of a liquid crystal tunable filter imaging system

The centroid wavelength of liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTFs), by definition, changes with incident angle, resulting in an imaging system with spectral sensitivity that varies across the image plane. Prior to this research, this effect was considered negligible. Imaging uniform colored papers with high chroma revealed that the effect is appreciable. A regression-based method of modeling and correcting systematic spectrophotometric errors in conventional reflectance spectrophotometry was used to correct this wavelength-dependent spatial nonuniformity in an LCTF imaging system. For six high chroma sheets of spatially uniform paper, the uniformity was reduced from an average and maximum of 0.95 and 4.00, respectively, to 0.08 and 0.18 CIEDE2000. The same method was used to transfer the scale of spectral reflectance factor from a reference spectrophotometer to the imaging system such that its reported values matched the reference spectrophotometer with a constant bandwidth. For an independent color target, residual errors were 0.008 spectral reflectance factor RMS difference and 0.44 and 1.65 average and maximum CIEDE2000, respectively (0.63 and 2.34 ΔEab*).
PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE OF CERTAIN LONG AND SHORT DAY PLANTS TO FILTERED RADIATION APPLIED AS A SUPPLEMENT TO DAYLIGHT

In a previous publication (4) it was shown that the red portion of the visible spectrum was especially effective in inducing photoperiodic responses in long day plants when used to prolong short winter days. These responses generally included earlier flowering, increased internodal development, and a greater top-root ratio. The yellow, blue, and green regions of the visible spectrum of wavelengths shorter than 650 mp were relatively much less effective. It was further indicated that the infra-red was relatively ineffective under the conditions of experimentation. When the white radiation of an incandescent lamp was used to prolong the normal winter daylight period, the responses obtained were like those produced by red radiation (650to720mM) alone. Since all of the plants studied in the above mentioned paper were of the long day type, it was considered of interest to determine the spectral region responsible for the vegetative condition induced in typical short day plants as contrasted with the reproductive responses of long day plants, such as occurs when the white radiation of an incandescent lamp is used to prolong the day. Schaffner (3) has shown that corn, which normally produces staminate terminal inflorescence under long summer days, tends to give rise to carpellate flowers in the tassels under the short days of winter, especially when the corn is seeded around the first of November in the vicinity of the latitude of 40° N. Corn might, therefore, be considered a short day plant so far as femaleness in the terminal inflorescence is concerned.
The perception of crime and punishment: A multidimensional scaling analysis

Two studies were conducted to determine (a) the degree to which seriousness is an underlying dimension in the perception of crimes, (b) the relationship of seriousness and other perceived properties of crimes with punishments prescribed by law and punishments assigned by subjects themselves, and (c) the relationship between personality variables and both the salience of perceptual dimensions and the severity of punishments assigned. Similarity judgments for two sets of crimes were multidimensionally scaled and in both cases the four-dimensional solutions were optimal. None of the dimensions was highly associated with judged seriousness. As in previous investigations, seriousness was only moderately related to punishments prescribed by law. However, certain other perceptual dimensions were found to be associated with legally prescribed punishments, although these were not the same dimensions which were aligned with the severity of punishments called for by the subjects. Authoritarianism and Locus of Control were significantly related to the salience of perceptual dimensions for one of the two sets of crimes. High Authoritarians called for more severe punishments to be levied for crimes on three of the dimensions in one set, but assigned significantly longer sentences than other subjects only for capital offenses.
Alternative production strategies for greenhouse tomatoes using supplemental lighting

Abstract The yield response of greenhouse tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Vendor’) was examined under both natural light conditions (light available from the sun) and with the addition of 6.48 moles m −2 day −1 supplemental light from a high-pressure sodium (HPS) source. Tomato crop yield significantly increased as plant population density increased when HPS lighting was employed. No significant yield increase was obtained with increased plant density under natural light conditions. Four production strategies (representing four combinations of plant density and the number of trusses produced per plant) were tested. A significant yield increase was obtained with HPS lighting relative to the unlit control for all of the production strategies used. Similar total yields were obtained regardless of the production strategy when HPS lighting was used.
Developmental patterns of plasma TSH, T4 and T3 in rats deprived of light from birth

Plasma levels of TSH, T4 and T3 in the rat show characteristic developmental patterns within the first postnatal month, with TSH reaching a peak on day 13, T4 on day 16 and T3 on day 20. In dark-reared rats, a significant reduction in plasma T3 associated with low plasma T4 as well as high plasma TSH suggest that light-deprivation from birth impairs and/or delays maturation of pituitary-thyroid axis.
Computerized MRS voxel registration and partial volume effects in single voxel 1H-MRS.

Abstract Partial volume effects in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain have been studied previously in terms of proper water concentration calculations, but there is a lack of disclosure in terms of voxel placement techniques that would affect the calculations. The purpose of this study is to facilitate a fully automated MRS voxel registration method which is time efficient, accurate, and can be extended to all imaging modalities. A total of thirteen healthy adults underwent single voxel 1H-MRS scans in 3.0 T MRI scanners. Transposition of a MRS voxel onto an anatomical scan is derived along with a full calculation of water concentration with a correction term to account for the partial volume effects. Five metabolites (tNAA, Glx, tCr, mI, and tCho) known to yield high reliability are studied. Pearson’s correlation analyses between tissue volume fractions and metabolite concentrations were statistically significant in parietal (tCr, Glx, and tNAA) lobe and occipital lobe (tNAA). MRS voxel overlaps quantified by dice metric over repeated visits yielded 60% ~ 70% and coefficients of variance in metabolites concentration were 4% ~ 10%. These findings reiterate an importance of considering the partial volume effects when tissue water is used as an internal concentration reference so as to avoid misinterpreting a morphometric difference as a metabolic difference.
Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: Conditions, strategies, and consequences

Fatigue is a frequent and debilitating problem for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this descriptive study a Fatigue Interview Schedule was administered to 20 patients with RA to elicit symptom-specific information. Qualitative analyses resulted in the identification of descriptors of fatigue, conditions under which fatigue occurs, an intricate repertoire of strategies used to prevent and manage fatigue, and the consequences of chronic fatigue.
LIPID ALTERATIONS OCCURRING IN MICROSOMES DURING THE ENZYMIC OXIDATION OF TPNH.

Received January 15, 1965 Hochstein and Ernstes (1963) have recently reported that when microsomes were incubated in the presence of TPNH, the addition of ADP resulted in a marked increase in TPNH oxidation and oxygen uptake. In addition, there was formation of a chromogen reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and designated as malonaldehyde. The high oxygen uptake, in excess of that required for TPNH oxidation, and the formation of chromogen were attributed to peroxidation of microsomal lipids. We have analyzed the lipid from rat liver microsomes which were incubated at hyperbaric psessures of oxygen in the presence (EQerimental) and absence (Control) of TPNH and ADP. Marked changes in the chromatographic behavior and the chemical characteristics were observed only in the lipids extracted from the experimental system. Materials: Washed microsomes were prepared by differential centrifugation of rat liver homogenates in 0.15 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, and stored in the pellet form at -2O'C. Just before use, the microsomes were suspended in 0.1 M Tris, pH 7.5, so that 0.1 ml of the suspension contained the quantity of microsomes from 100 mg of liver. Results and Discussion: -It was previously observed (McCay et al., 1960) that oxygen pressure above one atmosphere activates gulonolactone oxidase, another microsomal enzyme also producing a TBA-reacting chromogen which is dependent on the enzymic oxidation of gulonolactone. It was of interest, therefore, to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen pressures on the TPNH-ADP-dependent TBA chromogen formation in microsomes
Low-Pass Filters, Martingales, and Multiresolution Analyses☆

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for a trigonometric polynomial to be a low-pass filter have been given by A. Cohen (Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Nonlineaire7 (1990), 439–459) and W. Lawton (J. Math. Phys.31 (1990), 1898–1901). We give necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary periodic function to be a low-pass filter, following the approach of Lawton. The technique also applies to functions that give rise to a Riesz basis.
Coextensions of pseudo-Inverse semigroups by rectangular bands

) is a rectangular subband S o fofreach idempotent e S. of A general theory of coextensions of regular semigroups byrectangular bands has been developed by Meakin and Nambooripad (1979a, b). Inthe present paper we are concerned with coextensions of pseudo-inverse semigroups(see Nambooripad (1978)) by rectangular band :s considerable simplifications in thegeneral theory of Meakin and Nambooripad (1979a, b) occur in this case.1. Locally orthodox semigroupsWe assume familiarity with the general notation and basic results of semigrouptheory as presented in the books of Clifford and Preston (1961) and Howie (1976).
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with head and neck malignancies.

Abstract One hundred thirty-six percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEGs) were placed in 126 patients with head and neck malignancies. PEG was performed by the “push” technique described by Russell. There were 140 PEG attempts, with 136 successful placements (97%). Seven complications occurred related to tube placement (5% of placements). Complications encountered were prolonged ileus in one patient (1%), local skin wound infection in one patient (1%), and early tube dislodgment in five patients (4%). Three patients required laparotomy (2%). There were no episodes of aspiration and no deaths. Patients were followed up for an average of 11 months, with a mean duration of PEG tube placement of 6 1 2 months. Patients continued PEG feedings throughout the postoperative radiotherapy period and until oral intake was satisfactory. Acceptance of PEG feedings has been high. No patient required rehospitalization for nutritional support.
Separation of rabbit ileum mucus secretion from electrolyte and water secretion by cholera enterotoxin, verapamil and A23187

Abstract Net water, Na+, Cl− and HCO3− fluxes were measured in in vivo rabbit ileal loops, while mucus secretion was assessed by measuring the glycoprotein or total sialic acid secreted into the lumen, or by measuring the luminal fluid viscosity. Inoculating loops with cholera enterotoxin (CT) produced a sustained secretion of electrolytes and water, but a more transient secretion of mucus. A dose of verapamil was found which, when included in the luminal fluid, inhibited or delayed the CT-induced mucus secretion while not affecting the ongoing electrolyte and water secretion. Exposure of the ileal mucosa to the ionophore, A23187, in the presence of 2mM Ca++ resulted in a brief secretion of mucus, with no change in basal water absorption. Verapamil inhibited this A23187-induced mucus secretion. The ionophore was not effective in the absence of luminal Ca++. Thus rabbit ileum mucus secretion can be separated from electrolyte and water secretion by agents that affect Ca++ movement.
Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in bladder smooth muscle development: epithelial specificity

AbstractPurpose: We previously showed that mesenchymal-epithelial interactions are necessary for the development of bladder smooth muscle. Specifically without bladder epithelium embryonic bladder mesenchyme does not differentiate into smooth muscle. We determine whether this process is specific to bladder epithelium or whether epithelial cells from other organ systems induce bladder mesenchyme to differentiate into smooth muscle, as well as whether epithelial age is an important variable.Materials and Methods: We recombined 14-day bladder mesenchyme before smooth muscle differentiation with rat epithelium from 14-day, 19-day, newborn and adult bladder, ureter, colon, ileum, stomach, cornea and epidermis. In addition, bladder epithelium was recombined with 14-day embryonic small intestinal, 14-day embryonic gastric and newborn seminal vesicle mesenchyme. All tissue recombinants were grafted under the renal capsule of an adult rat syngeneic host for 3 weeks.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis with antibo...
Strategies to enhance high pressure inactivation of murine norovirus in strawberry puree and on strawberries

Due to the increasing concern of viral infection related to berries, this study investigated strategies to enhance high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), a human norovirus (HuNoV) surrogate, on strawberries and in strawberry puree. Strawberry puree was inoculated with ~10(6)PFU/g of MNV-1 and treated at 350 MPa for 2 min at initial sample temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 20°C. MNV-1 became more sensitive to HHP as initial sample temperature decreased from 20 to 0°C. To determine the effect of pressure cycling on MNV-1 inactivation, inoculated puree samples were treated at 300 MPa and 0°C with 1, 2 and 4 cycles. Pressure cycling offered no distinct advantage over continuous HHP treatment. To determine the effect of presence of water during HHP on MNV-1 inactivation, strawberries inoculated with ~ 4 × 10(5)PFU/g of MNV-1 were either pressure-treated directly (dry state) or immersed in water during pressure treatment. MNV-1 was very resistant to pressure under the dry state condition, but became sensitive to pressure under the wet state condition. The inactivation curves of MNV-1 in strawberry puree and on strawberries were obtained at 300 and 350 MPa and initial sample temperature of 0°C. Except for the curve of strawberries treated at 350 MPa which had a concave downward shape, the other three curves were almost linear with R(2) value of 0.99. The fate of MNV-1 in the un-treated and pressure-treated strawberries and strawberry puree during frozen storage was determined. The virus was relatively stable and only reduced by <1.2 log during the 28-day frozen storage. In all, this study provides practical insights of designing strategies using HHP to inactivate HuNoV on strawberries and in strawberry puree assuming that HuNoV behaved similarly to MNV-1 when treated by HHP.
A microfluidic cell co-culture platform with a liquid fluorocarbon separator

A microfluidic cell co-culture platform that uses a liquid fluorocarbon oil barrier to separate cells into different culture chambers has been developed. Characterization indicates that the oil barrier could be effective for multiple days, and a maximum pressure difference between the oil barrier and aqueous media in the cell culture chamber could be as large as ~3.43 kPa before the oil barrier fails. Biological applications have been demonstrated with the separate transfection of two groups of primary hippocampal neurons with two different fluorescent proteins and subsequent observation of synaptic contacts between the neurons. In addition, the quality of the fluidic seal provided by the oil barrier is shown to be greater than that of an alternative solid-PDMS valve barrier design by testing the ability of each device to block low molecular weight CellTracker dyes used to stain cells in the culture chambers.
Spatial Hyperdynamism in a Post-Disturbance Simulated Forest

Abstract Competition–colonization models can address the population dynamics of remnants following habitat destruction. Spatially explicit versions have produced qualifications of the extinction debt issue and limited hyperdynamism in populations following habitat destruction. Although spatially explicit, these efforts examined few indicators of the spatial structure of the landscape. An existing model is modified here to represent a difference in niche adaptations as well as the competition–colonization tradeoff. Several landscape metrics are calculated at each iteration. Although the addition of niche differentiation did not change the qualitative outcome of the model, the spatial metrics show that some aspects of landscape structure, i.e., average patch area and proximity, become hyperdynamic and remain so. Small fluctuations in species populations are magnified in their spatial expression because the landscape is simplified.
Cloacal dysgenesis diagnosis by prenatal ultrasound and MRI

Cloacal malformations are a spectrum of congenital pelvic malformations that result from abnormal cloacal division during early embryogenesis. Depending on the timing of the developmental arrest, a spectrum of abnormalities can result, ranging from urogenital sinus malformations to cloacal dysgenesis. This case highlights the unique imaging features of cloacal dysgenesis, which is an extremely rare variant of this malformation spectrum. This variant is also the most severe manifestation of the cloacal malformation spectrum.
Influence of centerline extensibility on the in-plane free vibrations of loaded circular arches

Free vibrations of circular arches about a prestressed static equilibrium state are investigated. The equations of motion for the small amplitude free vibrations about the initial equilibrium state attained under distributed tangential and normal loading derived in a previous paper, and specialized to constant curvature, are used. Particular attention is given to the influence of centerline stretching during the vibratory motion. The vanishing of the loaded free vibration frequencies signals static buckling, and the load intensities at which the frequencies go to zero correspond to the static buckling loads. Free vibrations with no initial loading is treated as a special case of the problem considered. It is shown that exact numerical values for the frequencies can be obtained in this case. In general, the presence of distributed initial loading precludes the possibility of obtaining closed form analytical solutions, barring a few simple loading situations such as uniform, constant directional pressure, as the governing differential equations have variable coefficients. In the present work, numerical results are obtained for uniform arches subjected to gravity loading. The Galerkin method, with polynomial trial functions that satisfy the geometric boundary conditions, is employed in obtaining accurate values of free vibration frequencies. Convergence of the method, with increasing number of terms in the assumed expansion representing the true solution, is demonstrated. Arches with pinned and clamped end support conditions are considered. Considerably different frequencies are found, depending upon whether one includes or ignores the influence of centerline stretching during the vibratory motion.
Observing biomass concentration in a fixed-bed bioreactor

Abstract The growth of microorganisms in a biofilm was monitored, based on available substrate measurements and first principle modeling. The biofilter was described by a set of partial differential equations obtained from species mass balance. Using two interior collocation points, the model was reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, with sufficient accuracy to describe the growth of biomass along the reactor bed. An extended Kalman filter was designed at three measurement locations, which resulted in an accurate estimation of the process. Simulation results, provided in MathematicaR and MatlabR environments, showed a significant decrease in the biomass error covariance: 0.0065 to 2.50E-05 and 0.0065 to 1.73E-06 for two different measurement noise levels using a normalized bioreactor length of 0.21. Similar results were obtained at the remaining collocation points. The proposed procedure may have applications for water pollution control.
Comparative blood lactate response to low oxygen concentrations in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, LDH B2 phenotypes

Abstract 1. 1. The slope for the regression of blood lactate concentrations on exposure time to 2mg/l. ambient oxygen levels was significantly lower for the adult rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) LDH B 2′ B 2′ phenotype than the B 2 B 2 phenotype. 2. 2. Significant differences were observed in resting blood lactate concentrations among the B 2′ B 2′ , B 2′ B 2′ , and B 2 B 2 phenotypes. 3. 3. Significant mortality after a 60 min exposure to 2mg/l. ambient oxygen was observed for the B 2 B 2 phenotype. 4. 4. A relationship of the kinetic properties of the B 4 2 isozyme to lactate metabolism has been proposed to explain the mortality and poor low oxygen swimming performance of the B 2 B 2 phenotype.