cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF SELECTED HERBICIDES ON ZYGOSPORE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF CHLAMYDOMONAS MOEWUSII (CHLOROPHYCEAE, VOLVOCALES)11

A laboratory study was conducted, to examine and compare the sensitivity of vegetative cells and zygospores of Chlamydomonas moewusii Gerloff to 20 different herbicides. Under the culture conditions employed, both vegetative growth and zygospore germination were affected by certain herbicides and not by others. Over a concentration range from 1.0–80.0 μM, growth was inhibited to various degrees by herbicides containing ametryne, paraquat, endothall, diquat, diuron, linuron, propanil, dinoseb, ioxynil, atrzine, prometon, and alachlor. Zygospore germination was inhibited significantly by herbicides containing dinoseb, endothall, parquet, diquat, propanil, linuron, ioxynil, ametryne, fenac and picloram at 80.0 μM concentrations. Comparisons of the results obtained indicate that concentrations of herbicides which affect growth may or may not effect zygospore germination and vice versa. Zygospores may be more resistant than vegetative cells to some but not all herbicides.
Mapping NAPP: Examples of Spatial Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Migration in the North Atlantic Countries Using NAPP Data

Abstract The complete-count census data sets for the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) in the nineteenth century make it possible to analyze migration using maps, which can help scholars understand the impact of social and economic change on places where people live and work. In this article, the authors show both the benefits and limitations of incorporating maps into migration research by using NAPP data.
Global distribution of tropical deep convection : Different perspectives from TRMM infrared and radar data

Cold cloud features (CCFs) are defined by grouping six full years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) infrared pixels with brightness temperature at 10.8-m wavelength (TB11) less than or equal to 210 and 235 K. Then the precipitation radar (PR)-observed precipitation area and reflectivity profiles inside CCFs are summarized and compared with the area and minimum temperature of the CCFs. Comparing the radar with the infrared data, significant regional differences are found, quantified, and used to describe regional differences in selected properties of deep convective systems in the Tropics. Inside 4 million CCFs, 35% (57%) of cold cloud area with TB11 235 K (210 K) have rain detected by the PR near the surface. Only 1% of the area of TB11 210 K have 20 dBZ reaching 14 km. CCFs colder than 210 K occur most frequently over the west Pacific Ocean, but 20-dBZ echoes extending above 10 km in this region are disproportionately rare by comparison to many continental regions. Ratios of PR-detected raining area to area of TB11 235 K are higher over central Africa, Argentina, and India than over tropical oceans. After applying these ratios to the climatological Global Precipitation Index (GPI) tropical rainfall estimates, the regional distribution is more consistent with the rainfall retrieval from the PR. This suggests that the discrepancy between GPI- and PR-retrieved rainfall can be partly explained with the nonraining anvil. Categorization of CCFs based on the minimum TB11, size of CCFs, and 20-dBZ heights demonstrates that 20-dBZ echoes above 17 km occur most frequently over land, while the coldest clouds occur most frequently over the west Pacific. The vertical distances between the cloud-top heights determined from TB11 and PR 20-dBZ echo-top heights are smaller over land than over ocean and may be considered as another proxy for convective intensity.
Promotion of PDT efficacy by low-dose lysosomal photodamage

There have been literature reports indicating that protocols involving two photosensitizing agents, in animal tumor models, can yield a synergistic result, i.e., more photokilling than can be obtained with either sensitizer alone at the same light dose. We have independently obtained similar results in a cell-culture system that permits a more detailed study of mechanisms involved. Using any of three agents that localize in lysosomes, we were able to show that low-dose lysosomal photodamage could substantially promote photokilling by benzoporphyrin derivative, an agent that primarily targets mitochondria. This effect was abolished by knockdowns of either of two genes normally associated with autophagy: ATG5 and ATG7. A mechanism that can account for these results is proposed.
Condensation from superheated gas‐vapor mixtures

Superheated mixtures of vapor and noncondensable gas were cooled and condensed in down-flow inside a single tube vertical condenser, 0.995 in. I.D. and 3.5 ft. long. The systems studied were air-water, carbon dioxide-water and helium-water. A bulk stream mixing probe was developed which enabled the measurement of point values of the stream temperature and partial pressure at various positions within the condenser. The Reynolds number range of the investigation was 5,700 to 34,000. A theoretical solution of the problem, using Bras' design method, was solved rigorously on a digital computer. Results indicated excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental cooling paths and the required transfer area. The inclusion of the Ackerman correction factor (for the sensible heat carried by the diffusing vapor) into the calculation gave significantly better agreement for all cases tested.
Amniotomy and oxytocin treatment of functional dystocia and route of delivery

Abstract The details of clinical management were examined in 101 nulliparous patients with functional dystocia who underwent amniotomy and were treated with oxytocin in the first stage of labor. It was our hypothesis that if the alleged “high” rate of cesarean sections was the result of mediocre or flawed practices, these should be most evident in patients delivered abdominally. A group of 68 patients delivered vaginally are compared with 33 patients delivered by cesarean section. The means of many variables were statistically similar. The cesarean group was characterized by less cervical dilatation at admission, greater birth weights, larger maximum doses of oxytocin, and longer durations of oxytocin therapy. We conclude from our analysis that the decision to perform cesarean section in nulliparous women with functional dystocia arises from disabilities of the patient and not from differences in the application of our management principles, services, or treatments.
Nuclear Quadrupole resonance of 14N in potassium tetracy anoquinodimethanide

Abstract The nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrum of the potassium salt of 7, 7′, 8, 8′-tetracyanoquinodimethan (K-TCNQ) as found at liquid nitrogen temperature is presented. The data are interpreted in terms of the Townes and Dailey theory and compared with those available for neutral TCNQ 0 . The results indicate an excess charge density of 0.13 electron per nitrogen in general agreement with the charge distribution calculated for the TCNQ − ion. The 16 line spectrum demonstrates the existence of eight nonequivalent nitrogen sites in the K-TCNQ crystal. The asymmetry parameters range from 45.3 to 58.7%.
Molecular phylogeny of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates, Protoperidinium, diplopsalis and Preperidinium (Dinophyceae), inferred from large subunit rDNA

The genera Protoperidinium Bergh, Diplopsalis Bergh, and Preperidinium Mangin, comprised of species of marine, thecate, heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the family Protoperidinaceae Balech, have had a confused taxonomic history. To elucidate the validity of morphological groupings within the Protoperidinium and diplopsalids, and to determine the evolutionary relationships between these and other dinoflagellates, we undertook a study of molecular phylogeny using the D1-D3 domains of the large subunit (LSU) of the rDNA. Based on morphology, the 10 Protoperidinium species examined belonged to three subgenera and five morphological sections. Two diplopsalid species were also included. Single-cell PCR, cloning, and sequencing revealed a high degree of intraindividual sequence variability in the LSU rDNA. The genus Protoperidinium appeared to be recently divergent in all phylogenetic analyses. In maximum parsimony and neighbor joining analyses, Protoperidinium formed a monophyletic group, evolving from diplopsalid dinoflagellates. In maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, however, Protoperidinium was polyphyletic, as the lenticular, diplopsalid heterotroph, Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh, was inserted within the Protoperidinium clade as basal to Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen) Balech, and Preperidinium meunieri (Pavillard) Elbrachter fell within a separate clade as a sister to the Oceanica and Protoperidinium steidingerae Balech. In all analyses, the Protoperidinium were divided into two major clades, with members in the Oceanica group and subgenus Testeria in one clade, and the Excentrica, Conica, Pellucida, Pyriforme and Divergens sections in the other clade. The LSU rDNA molecular phylogeny supported the historical morphologically determined sections, but not a simple morphology based model of evolution based on thecal plate shape.
The long range transport of pollutants in the Pacific Rim region

Abstract The long range transport of pollutants in the China, Korea and Japan corridor of the Pacific Rim region is evaluated using a regional scale Eulerian air pollution model (i.e. the STEM-II model). The transport, chemical transformation,and dry deposition during long range transport events typical of spring months are analyzed. The long range transport (LRT) of SO2 as well as the secondary pollutants ozone and nitric acid are shown to be significant. For example, ozone concentrations in excess of 60 ppb in Beijing, China, 130 ppb in Seoul, Korea, and 180 ppb in Osaka, Japan are predicted. The elevated levels at the downwind locations (i.e. Seoul and Osaka) are shown to be due to both local production and LRT.
New Criteria for Contact Printing in Aerial Photography

Print value in aerial photography carried out to meet technical requirements is determined almost entirely by the amount of recoverable information. This can be evaluated by measuring the photographic resolving power. The work reported here applies resolving power methods to the selection and exposure of contact photographic papers for aerial photography. Negatives on Aero Super-XX and Aero Panatomic-X have been used for the investigation. Most of the work was done with a chloride emulsion but some experiments with a bromide emulsion led to similar conclusions.It was found that with Aero Super-XX the most generally useful single print is made on a low contrast grade of paper, except for restricted brightness ranges of low contrasts. With Aero Panatomic-X, a single high contrast grade should be used. The higher resolution of the finer grained film is partially lost in the printing.Glossy paper preserves most of the available information on the film. It is adequate, but much inferior to transparencies. Other paper surfaces lead to more or less serious losses.Effects of inaccurate paper exposure are shown for different contrast grades. Exposure tolerance and resolving power over the useful range of the film indicate the lower contrast grades to be the most useful for the great majority of air negatives on Aero Super-XX.Great overexposure but only slight underexposure of film may be compensated for in printing. Maximum and minimum usable paper densities are given.
Rapid high-resolution procedure for assessment of estrogen receptor heterogeneity in clinical samples

Abstract Approximately two-third of the women with breast cancer may benefit from hormone therapies if the lesion contains estrogen receptor in reasonable levels (> 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein). Our lab and others have suggested that not only the concentration, but the various molecular form(s) of the receptor may be an important factor in predicting patient responsiveness. Until now, this heterogeneity has been determined by analysis on sucrose density gradients requiring 16 h of centrifugation. Other methodologies which can disclose the profile of receptor isoforms are compromised by irreproducibility, poor recovery, or the length of time required to perform the analysis. We believe that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the anion-exchange and chromatofocusing modes may be able to supply more insight into receptor structure than currently available by any other method. Utilizing the high activity ligand [16α- 125 I]iodoestradiol-17β (2200 Ci/mmol) and flow-through equipment to monitor conductivity, pH, and radioactivity, we are able to describe the distribution of ionic isoforms in crude cytosolic preparations of breast cancer uterus. This “on-line” technology is rapid (chromatogram is complete within 120 min), sensitive (receptor isoforms equivalent to 1 fmol are apparent), efficient (columns typically return >90% of applied radio-labeled receptor) and reproducible (due to the sophistication of modern HPLC equipment). It is clear these techniques may be used in the clinical setting to better describe the profile of estrogen receptor isoforms and should be explored as a method of correlating receptor structure with hormone function in responsive tissues.
In utero repair of gastroschisis in the sheep (Ovis aries) model

Abstract Objective Gastroschisis is associated with inflammatory changes in the exposed bowel which leads to intestinal dysmotility after postnatal repair. The insult is a combined effect of amniotic fluid exposure and mechanical constriction. We hypothesized that in utero anatomic repair is possible in a sheep model, and that it may halt the inflammatory damage caused by both mechanisms. Methods Gastroschisis was surgically created in mid-gestation (day 75) in 8 sheep fetuses. On gestational day 100, 2 fetuses underwent open fetal gastroschisis repair, where the eviscerated bowel was returned to the peritoneal cavity, and the abdominal wall was primarily closed. All fetuses were harvested at 135 days of gestation. Results Six fetuses survived the initial operation, and both fetuses that underwent gastroschisis repair survived to term. At 100 and 135 days of gestation, the eviscerated bowel showed progressive signs of inflammation and peel development. The gross and microscopic inflammatory changes in the gastroschisis bowel at 100 days of gestation were completely resolved at term following in utero repair. Conclusion In utero anatomic repair of gastroschisis is possible in mid-gestation in the fetal lamb model, and it appears to ameliorate the inflammatory process.
DNA sequence analysis of the photosynthesis region of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1T

This paper describes the DNA sequence of the photosynthesis region of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 (T). The photosynthesis gene cluster is located within a approximately 73 kb Ase I genomic DNA fragment containing the puf, puhA, cycA and puc operons. A total of 65 open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified, of which 61 showed significant similarity to genes/proteins of other organisms while only four did not reveal any significant sequence similarity to any gene/protein sequences in the database. The data were compared with the corresponding genes/ORFs from a different strain of R.sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus, a close relative of R. sphaeroides. A detailed analysis of the gene organization in the photosynthesis region revealed a similar gene order in both species with some notable differences located to the pucBAC = cycA region. In addition, photosynthesis gene regulatory protein (PpsR, FNR, IHF) binding motifs in upstream sequences of a number of photosynthesis genes have been identified and shown to differ between these two species. The difference in gene organization relative to pucBAC and cycA suggests that this region originated independently of the photosynthesis gene cluster of R.sphaeroides.
Employee Ownership Work Attitudes, and Power Relationships

Relationships of employee equity in the company with work attitudes, information, and desired influence were examined in a prosperous firm converted to employee ownership by its management. Questio...
Fourth generation light sources

As remarkable as this performance improvement has been, even higher brightness and laser-like coherence appear achievable and are needed scientifically, particularly at soft and hard X-ray wavelengths. Reaching higher performance levels is the goal of fourth generation sources which we may define as sources which exceed the performance of previous sources by one or more orders of magnitude in an important parameter such as brightness, coherence, or shortness of pulse duration. The most promising directions for fourth generation sources in the wavelength range from the UV to hard X-rays are storage rings with even lower emittance than third generation rings, and short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) which offer sub-picosecond pulses with full transverse coherence.
Relative and absolute ages of Galactic globular clusters

We present a review of the latest work concerned with the relative and absolute ages of the Galactic globular clusters (GCs). Relative age-dating techniques generally divide into two types - those that measure a magnitude difference between two features in the color-magnitude diagram (i.e. Vertical Methods) and those that rely on color differences in the color-magnitude diagram (i.e. Horizontal Methods). Both types of diagnostics have been successfully applied and generally reach the same conclusions. Galactic GCs exhibit a mean age range of ~3 Gyr, smaller (or nonexistent) for metal-poor clusters and larger (as much as 6 Gyr) for metal-rich ones. Generally speaking, the inner-halo GCs are older and more uniform in age as compared with those outside of the solar circle. Furthermore, the tendency of GCs with predominantly red horizontal branches (HBs) located in the outer halo to be preferentially younger than those with bluer HBs closer to the Galactic center suggests that age is the second parameter which, in addition to metal abundance, controls the HB morphology. In particular, we present additional compelling evidence supporting this assertion using a detailed examination of new photometry for the classic second-parameter cluster pair NGC 288 and NGC 362. Moving on to the absolute ages, we note that the absolute ages of the most metal-poor Galactic GCs sets a lower limit on the age of the Universe. The preferred age indicator for absolute ages is the luminosity of the main-sequence turnoff because most theoretical models agree on the onset of hydrogen exhaustion in the cores of low-mass stars. Based on the technique of main-sequence fitting to field subdwarfs with Hipparcos parallaxes, we find an age of 11.6+1.4−1.1 Gyr for four metal-poor GCs with deep color-magnitude diagrams on a consistent photometric scale; this age is consistent with the results of a number of previous investigations.
Host defense system interactions with Candida.

Disseminated candidiasis occurs in 11-27% of patients with protracted neutropenia from acute leukemia or bone marrow transplantation [12], resulting in mortality which may approach 95% [104]. Candidemia with haematogenously disseminated candidiasis and other serious Candida infections are also encountered increasingly in seriously ill hospitalized patients without classic immunocompromising diseases [32, 165,166], thus extending the significance of the problem from occurrence exclusively in patients with relatively unusual and rapidly fatal diseases. Organisms of the genus Candida are now the third most commonly isolated from blood cultures [73], resulting in an attributable mortality of 38% in non-neutropenic hosts [166]. In specific patient populations, symptomatic oral or esophageal infections may develop from gastrointestinal (GI) proliferation of Candida [13, 110]. Candida colonization and infection of the GI tract are also important as the portal of entry for most episodes of disseminated candidiasis in neutropenic patients [13], as highlighted by hepatosplenic candidiasis [154]. Because of this increasing clinical importance of Candida infections, it is imperative to pursue understanding of the interaction between this parasite and host defense systems. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of these interactions, highlighting what has been learned from in vitro experiments, from animal model studies, and from careful analyses of human candidiasis. This review does not purport to be allinclusive; relevant reviews of specific areas of Candida-host defense system interactions which pursue specific topics in further depth are cited throughout. Rather, this author's interpretation of the sufficiencies and deficiencies of available data are used to develop a model of these interactions for further analyses. Candida species colonize mucocutaneous surfaces and most infections arise endogenously from this source [32, 122]. This was initially determined by the observation of colonization preceding invasive infection [39] and has been confirmed recently by molecular epidemiology based on DNA typing [152[. It is therefore imperative to first review defense system interactions in mucocutaneous candidiasis. Candida species do not normally grow on skin [32]. It has been presumed that lipid components such as free fatty acids are primarily responsible for this inhibitory activity on normal skin. However, recently a >300 kDa protein and a 49 kDa protein were isolated from terminally differentiated corneocytes of rat skin and were demonstrated to
Alpha adrenergic activation and hemoglobin mediated contraction in the isolated rat thoracic aorta.

A primary mechanism for Hb mediated vascular contraction appears to be Hb scavenging of endothelium derive nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. In isolated rat thoracic aorta, however, Hb elicits contraction only after precontraction. The present study investigated a possible role of the alpha adrenergic activation in the Hb mediated contraction. Thoracic aortic rings harvested from normal male SD rats were prepared in a tissue bath and isometric tension changes were evaluated. In vessel rings precontracted with 50nM norepinephrine (NE), 1 μM Hb produced an additional 21.8±13.2% increase in tension. Pretreatment with 70nM phentolamine, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, prevented the 50nM NE induced contraction. In these vessels, subsequent treatment with 2–4μM Hb did not elicit contraction. In vessel rings precontracted with 37mM KCl, 2μM Hb produced an additional 21.8±20.1% tension increase (P<0.05). Pretreatment with phentolamine did neither prevent KCl induced contraction nor affect subsequent Hb med...
A Fast 3 x N Matrix Multiply Routine for Calculation of Protein RMSD

The bottleneck for the rapid calculation of the root-mean-square deviation in atomic coordinates (RMSD) between pairs of protein structures for large numbers of conformations is the evaluation of a (3xN) x (Nx3) matrix product over conformation pairs. Here we describe two matrix multiply routines specialized for the 3xN case that are able to significantly outperform (by up to 3X) off- the-shelf high-performance linear algebra libraries for this computation, reaching machine limits on performance. The routines are implemented in C and Python libraries, and are available at https://github.com/simtk/IRMSD.
Graspables: grasp-recognition as a user interface

The Graspables project is an exploration of how measuring the way people hold and manipulate objects can be used as a user interface. As computational ability continues to be implemented in more and more objects and devices, new interaction methods need to be developed. The Graspables System is embodied by a physical set of sensors combined with pattern recognition software that can determine how users hold a device. The Graspables System has been implemented in two prototypes, the Bar of Soap and the Ball of Soap. Applications developed for these prototypes demonstrate the effectiveness of grasp-recognition as an interface in multiple scenarios.
Moving Beyond Biomedicalization in the HIV Response: Implications for Community Involvement and Community Leadership Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender People

As the world enjoys the promise of biomedical advances against HIV, numerous challenges remain. Some of these are connected to politics, others are connected to resource constraints. Other barriers are linked to the need to ensure that the concepts used to think about HIV remain current. Terms such as "MSM" (men who have sex with men) and "community" require critical interrogation at a moment when their political origins seem forgotten. Likewise, struggles between groups most affected by HIV and scientists and policymakers (an enduring feature of the epidemic) remain a key aspect of the response. The dangers of co-option and distraction remain real. In this context, it is vital to promote community ownership, political commitment, solidarity, and respect for differences, not as competing values, but as part of the ultimate solution to HIV.
On semi-continuous hidden Markov modeling

The semicontinuous hidden Markov model is used in a 1000-word speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system and compared with the continuous mixture model and the discrete model. When the acoustic parameter is not well modeled by the continuous probability density, it is observed that the model assumption problems may cause the recognition accuracy of the semicontinuous model to be inferior to the discrete model. A simple method based on the semicontinuous model is investigated, to re-estimate the vector quantization codebook without continuous probability density function assumptions. Preliminary experiments show that such reestimation methods are as effective as the semicontinuous model, especially when the continuous probability density function assumption is inappropriate. >
Identity Attribute-Based Role Provisioning for Human WS-BPEL Processes

The WS-BPEL specification focuses on business processes the activities of which are assumed to be interactions with Web services. However, WS-BPEL processes go beyond the orchestration of activities exposed as Web services. There are cases in which people must be considered as additional participants to the execution of a process. The inclusion of humans, in turn, requires solutions to support the specification and enforcement of authorizations to users for the execution of human activities while enforcing authorization constraints.In this paper, we extend RBAC-WS-BPEL, a role-based authorization framework for WS-BPEL processes with an identity attribute-based role provisioning approach that preserves the privacy of the users who claim the execution of human activities. Such approach is based on the notion of identity records and role provisioning policies, and uses Pedersen commitments, aggregated zero knowledge proof of knowledge, and Oblivious Commitment-Based Envelope protocols to achieve privacy of user identity information.
Perceived Risks and Benefits of Quitting Smoking in Non-Treatment Seekers.

Little is known about beliefs about quitting and treatment motivation in non-treatment seeking smokers. One hundred eighty-eight daily cigarette smokers not currently motivated to quit smoking completed measures of perceived risks and benefits of quitting and motivation to quit. Self esteem related to quitting was positively related to desire to quit, expected success at quitting, confidence in quitting, and motivation to quit. Greater perceived risks of cravings was related to greater expected difficulty of remaining abstinent, and greater perceived risk of increased negative affect was related to decreased expectation of success at quitting, confidence for quitting, and increased expectation for difficulty remaining abstinent. Greater perceived risk of weight gain was related to being less likely to have a goal of complete abstinence. There were no gender, ethnicity, age, or education differences in the relationship of perceived risks and benefits of quitting and motivation. Knowing the risks and benefi...
Twenty three years of Antarctic sea ice motion from microwave satellite imagery

The Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are used to compute daily sea ice motion maps around the Antarctic continent. These daily maps are used to compute the mean monthly ice motions over this 25-year period. In addition, seasonal averages (June to December) are computed for each year and compared to reveal significant year-to-year variability related to changes in local climate and ice cover conditions. Mean seasonal and mean monthly ice motion fields are related to coincident atmospheric forcing fields. Ice motions computed for individual satellite channels reveal some differences in their response to wind and ocean current forcing. Comparisons with relatively few Antarctic drifting ice buoy trajectories support the ice motions computed from the satellite data alone.
Cellular distribution of anionic antimicrobial peptide in normal lung and during acute pulmonary inflammation.

Anionic peptides (APs) are small antimicrobial peptides present in human and ovine lung. In this study APs were also detected in bovine lung, and production of APs in lungs with acute inflammation induced by various stimuli was determined. The distribution and intensity of APs were determined by immunohisto- chemistry in lungs of 1) neonatal calves (1-3 days of age) inoculated with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemo- lytica, a known inducer of the bovine -defensin lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) or pyrogen-free saline (PFS), and 2) growing calves (3 months of age) similarly inoculated with M. haemolytica, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from M. haemolytica, an LPS-associated protein from M. haemolytica, or PFS. APs were also detected by western blots with the same antibody in lungs of the calves above, as well as in calves inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and an adult cow. Anionic peptide (AP) immunoreactivity was detected in bands (approximate weights) in the western blots of lung at 28-30 (strongest signal), 31, 45, and 52-60 kd regardless of inoculum. The adult cow lacked bands at 45 kd, but it had additional bands at 64 (inconsistently) and 35- 38 kd. All these band sizes are consistent with those of the western blots of human and ovine lung. The cellular distribution of APs in lung of neonatal and growing cattle was similar to that in lung of human and sheep. In lungs with acute inflammation induced by live bacteria, LPS, or protein, AP distribution and intensity were similar to those in control (PFS-inoculated) lungs and slightly decreased in bronchioles. This work demonstrates that AP is present in lung of cattle and is thereby conserved among two ruminant species and man. Distribution and intensity of AP production are not enhanced by infection or acute inflammation and are decreased in bronchioles, which suggests that AP is not induced like -defensins such as LAP, but, instead, is produced constitutively.
Clinical Evaluation of an Epinephrine Suspension in the Treatment of Asthma

This study was carried out with 50 asthmatic children to evaluate the speed of action of Sus-Phrine,‡ which is epinephrine in a concentration of 1: 200, of which approximately 20 per cent is in solution for an immediate effect with the remainder in suspension for sustained action. The data indicated that Sus-Phrine is comparable to aqueous epinephrine in the rapidity of its bron chodilating effect. Because of its well-established prolonged action, this may be the drug of choice for the initial injection of epinephrine in acute asthma.
What Do Teaching Qualifications Mean in Urban Schools? A Mixed-Methods Study of Teacher Preparation and Qualification:

The inequitable distribution of teachers in high-needs areas and the failure of teacher education programs have recently become focal points in the discussion of how to provide a quality education ...
Lighting Regimes as an Influence on Immature and Mature Body Weights of Leghorn-Type Layers

Abstract THE several investigations into the influence of daily photoperiod on the body weight of chickens may be divided between those concerned with broiler-type stocks and those that utilize stocks bred for intensive egg production. In the former classification, it has been reported that birds subjected either to continuous light or to short, alternating periods of light and darkness were heavier in body weight at broiler age than those receiving continuous dark periods of 10 to 14 hours per day. (Barrot and Pringle, 1951; Moore, 1957; Shutze et al., 1959; Beane et al., 1962). By contrast, Cherry and Barwick (1962) could find little difference in body weights or feed conversion at eight weeks of age in broiler stocks subjected to various alternating and continuous lighting schemes. Employing replacement stock, Clegg and Sanford (1951) found that Leghorn or New Hampshire-Leghorn crosses were heavier at six weeks of age when grown under frequent,…
Major improvement in material and device stability of a-Si:H and establishment of high stabilized efficiency of single junction a-Si solar cells

Optimizing PECVD processing has further reduced the structural defects in intrinsic a-Si:H films. Using a proprietary technique, photoconductivity-stable, highly photoelectric-sensitive a-Si i-layers have been fabricated. This improved material has been successfully incorporated into high efficiency single junction solar cell devices with significantly improved stability. At present, a stabilized device efficiency of 7.7% has been established. >
IL-4 responsive CD4+ T cells specific for myelin basic protein: IL-2 confers a prolonged postactivation refractory phase

This study compared myelin basic protein-specific T cells from Lewis rats that were derived in the presence of either rat IL-4 or IL-2. Interleukin-4 was a maintenance factor that enabled derivation of long-term T cell lines. When activated, IL-4 dependent lines were lacking in IL-2 production capacity but maintained high levels of responsiveness to IL-2 and recognized IL-2 as a dominant growth factor. Activated IL-4 dependent T cells rapidly reverted to a quiescent phenotype in the presence of IL-4 and rapidly regained myelin basic protein reactivity. In contrast, activated IL-2 dependent T cells that were propagated in IL-2 had a more persistent blastogenic phenotype and a prolonged refractory phase. Interleukin-4 dependent lines that were propagated in IL-2 up-regulated the capacity to produce IL-2 and also acquired prolonged postactivation refractoriness. Thus, IL-2 was a dominant growth factor that conferred prolonged activation-dependent non-responsiveness. The coupling of dominant growth factor activity with prolonged postactivation refractoriness may be associated with the requisite role of IL-2 in homeostatic self-tolerance.
Enabling Author-Centric Ranking of Web Content

In the past decade there has been a rapid increase in the amount of web content, partially due to wide-spread adoption of blogging and micro-blogging platforms that make it easy for ordinary users to quickly create web content. A single user may create content on many dierent online platforms or social networks. Current web search systems largely rely on link-structure of the web graph in ranking content. In other words, they care about \who links to a webpage" and are largely agnostic to \who authored the content on this webpage". In this paper, we argue that in addition to link-structure the topic-authority of the original author can provide important signals for ranking and discovery of web content. We present algorithms for transferring topic-authority between webpages based on a same-origin policy. Our preliminary results suggest that such topicauthority transfers can improve the visibility of certain types of content compared to a link-structure only approach.
The Administration of Cultural World Heritage Sites and Their Contribution to the Economic Empowerment of Local Communities in Africa

For many years, the management of cultural heritage sites and the designation of some of them as World Heritage Sites in Africa were based on European ideas of conservation and this disconnected many African local communities from their cultural heritage sites. As a result, local African communities living near cultural heritage sites were not involved in their conservation and management. Discourses on the administration of cultural heritage sites in many African countries, such as Botswana South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, are now making it possible to engage local people in the management of these sites (see, for example, Pwiti 1997; Musiba and Mabulla 2003). Not only do these discussions bring great prestige to the African States Parties whose sites are designated as World Heritage properties but they are also now making it possible for the local communities to economically benefit from them. Part of the strategy of sustainable management of cultural World Heritage Sites now includes creating opportunities for the local communities to be involved in tourism activities so as to economically empower them and improve their lives. In this chapter, I discuss the administration of cultural World Heritage Sites in Africa and their contribution to the economic empowerment of local communities which subsist near these sites. I use the planned development of paleoanthropological sites of Laetoli and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania as examples to show how local communities can benefit from cultural World Heritage Sites.
Sexual Dimorphism in Ventral Abdominal Setae in Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Possible Role in Courtship Behavior

The type, number, and distribution of setae on the abdominal sternites of Scolytus multistriatus Marsham differ significantly. Five types of setae are identified. Three are common to both sexes, whereas one setal type is sexually dimorphic. We hypothesize that the dimorphic setae are mechanoreceptors that are important in courtship behavior.
Nursing theory development

This paper analyzes knowledge and theory development in the discipline of nursing. Nursing theory development is characterized by nursing’s unique perspective: a distinct focus of the discipline of nursing. In a recognized nursing theory, the nursing metaparadigm’s concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing are defined, and the interrelationships among those concepts are described. Knowledge development in the discipline of nursing has generated and continues to generate philosophical, theoretical, and scientific knowledge, which serve as a basis for further reflections, investigations, and refinement, and as a source of new knowledge. In addition, nursing theory development has been related to borrowed or shared theories from or with other disciplines such as anthropology, education, sociology, and psychology.
The effect of sulfhydryl compounds and mercurials on the swelling rate of cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sodium and potassium buffers.

SummaryCysteine hydantoin, cysteine, and mercaptoethylamine inhibit the swelling rate of washed cells of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspended in 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 6.2, but do not inhibit at pH 7.7. They are much less effective in sodium phosphate at both pH values.Dithiothreitol, which itself has no effect on swelling rates, has no effect on the action of the sulfhydryl compounds with the exception of mercaptoethylamine in sodium phosphate at pH 7.7. In this condition, mercaptoethylamine is active only in the oxidized form, i.e., as a diamine.Mercurials and NEM increase the swelling rate in sodium phosphate at both pH values but have much less effect in potassium phosphate.Sulfhydryl compounds reverse the effect of the mercurials. Cysteine hydantoin is the most effective.Iodine and hydrogen peroxide increase swelling rates in sodium phosphate and to a lesser extent in potassium phosphate. Cysteine hydantoin is the best antagonist for both.The oxidizing agents and the mercurials have si...
Modeling Laser Travel and its Effects on Thermal Stresses in Laser Hardening of Steel

To achieve a precise and controlled laser process, a thorough analysis of the thermal behavior of the material is necessary. The knowledge of the thermal cycles is important to ascertain suitable processing parameters, thus improving surface properties when the alloys are laser irradiated. In the present paper, a numerical simulation of the laser hardening process has been developed using the finite element (FE) code ABAQUS™ to solve the heat transfer equation inside the treated material (AISI 4140 steel). The thermal analysis is based on Jaeger’s classical moving heat source method by considering the laser beam as a moving plane (band/disc) heat source and the target material is a semi-infinite solid. However, the FE model, used to solve the governing equation, does not directly accommodate the moving nature of heat source. A reasonable approximation is to divide the laser travel on the substrate into many small time/load steps, and apply variable flux and boundary conditions in each time/load step. This approximates the quasi-steady state phenomena over the series of these time steps for the complete laser travel. This paper investigates the effects of the choice of time/load steps on the temperature and thermal stress evolution as well the computing times in the process.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Synoptic Keys to the Species of Phytophthora

Three synoptic keys to the species of Phytophthora are presented to facilitate identification of, respectively, the plant pathogenic species in culture, the plant pathogenic species known only on h...
The Psychology of Hamlet

Shakespeare’s Hamlet ominously begins with Horatio and Marcellus discussing the appearance of a ghostly apparition that strangely resembles the King of Denmark. As the play unfolds, we learn that it is, in fact, the ghost of Hamlet Sr., the King of Denmark. Immediately, the play begins with a sense of foreboding danger for all of those involved who have a direct connection with his son Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, with the exception of Horatio, Marcellus, and Fortinbras, Hamlet’s closest friends.
Live-Load Distribution Factors for Composite Bridges with Precast Inverted T-Beams

Short- to medium-span composite bridges constructed with adjacent precast inverted T-beams and cast-in-place topping are intended to provide a higher degree of resistance against reflective cracking and time-dependent effects compared with voided slab and adjacent box beam systems. This paper presents the results of an analytical and experimental study performed on the first inverted T-beam bridge in Virginia. The purpose of the investigation was to quantify live-load distribution factors for shear and moment for the composite precast inverted T-beam bridge. A finite-element model of Phase I of the bridge was created and the live-load distribution factors were analytically determined. Additionally, live-load tests using a stationary truck were performed with the purpose of quantifying live-load distribution factors for moment and validating the results from the finite-element analyses. The live-load tests featured four transverse truck positions on the bridge. It is concluded that it is appropriate to estimate live-load distribution factors using provisions for cast-in-place slab-span bridges.
Sources of Lead and Steps to Reduce Lead Exposure in Homes, Child Care, and Early Learning Environments

Childhood lead poisoning is one of the best understood and most preventable childhood diseases. Yet each year lead exposure is estimated to contribute to about 600,000 new cases of intellectual disabilities among children, according to the World Health Organization. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that children in at least 4 million households are being exposed to high levels of lead. Many parents and early childhood care providers are well aware of the detrimental effects of lead exposure, especially on young children. However, as Schlieber and Neuharth-Pritchett point out, its detection is not always a focus. This article helps to refocus our attention on this enemy of happy and healthy childhoods and draw attention to easy steps everyone can take to reduce exposure to lead not only in homes, but also in child care and early learning settings, and all of the other environments in which children grow up.
Incorporation of the co-doped N and Fe at the Anatase TiO_2(001)Surfaces:A DFT study

Base on the periodic density functional theory calculations,the structures,formation energies,band structures and density of states are investigated for the iron doped on TiO2(001)and nitrogen adsorbed and doped on Fe/TiO2(001)surface.For comparison,the electronic structures of O vacancy on the surface are calculated also.The formation energy calculations suggest that the Fe atom prefers to dope in the surface vacancy while N prefers to be adsorbed on the Fe atom and then forms the N-Fe bond.The analysis of the electronic structure shows that,due to the formation of the N-Fe bond,the semi-conducting property of TiO2(001)is upgraded to metal,which can improve the photocatalytic oxidation obviously.
Detection of simple sequence repeats in the chloroplast genome of Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) consist of short repeat motifs of 1-6 nucleotides and are found in DNA sequences.The present study was conducted to detect SSRs in chloroplast genome of Tetraphis pellucida (Accession number: NC_024291), downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The sequence was mined with the help of MISA, a Perl script, to detect SSRs. The length of SSRs defined as ≥12 for mono, di, tri and tetranucleotide, ≥15 for pentanucleotide and ≥18 for hexanucleotide repeats. In total, 41 perfect microsatellites were identified in 127.489 kb sequence mined. An average length of 13.56 bp was calculated for mined SSRs with a density of 1 SSR/3.04 kb. Depending on the repeat units, the length of SSRs ranged from 12 to 20 nt. Dinucleotides (14, 34.15%) were the most frequent repeat type, followed by tetranucleotides (10, 24.39%), trinucleotides (7, 17.07%), mononucleotides (6, 14.63%) and pentanucleotide (4, 9.76%) repeats. Hexanucleotide repeats were completely absent in chloroplast genome of Tetraphis pellucida. The mined SSRs can be used to develop molecular markers and genetic diversity studies in Tetraphis species.
Toward a genealogy of spectacle: understanding contemporary spectacular experiences

To start the show without delay, Yunus Tuncel writes in the preface that his ‘main concern throughout this research has been to make an attempt at an understanding of the forces that are at work in...
Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System.

Biochemical integrity of the brain is vital for normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the factors contributing to cerebral biochemical impairment is a chemical process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs upon excessive free radical production resulting from an insufficiency of the counteracting antioxidant response system. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid-rich content, is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Therefore, oxidative stress–induced damage to the brain has a strong potential to negatively impact normal CNS functions. Although oxidative stress has historically been considered to be involved mainly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and Parkinson disease, its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression, is beginning to be recognized. This review is a discussion of the relevance of cerebral oxidative stress to impairment of emotional and mental well-being.