cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of 17β-estradiol on glucose transporter 1 expression and endothelial cell survival following focal ischemia in the rats

Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with a decreased mortality and morbidity from stroke. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of estrogen on endothelial cell glucose transporter 1 (GLUT 1) and on the cell viability during focal ischemia in a rat model. Female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and 2 weeks later 17β-estradiol (E2) was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 100 μg/kg 2 h before unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Ischemic lesion size was quantified using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and GLUT 1 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. E2 treatment decreased ischemic lesion size in slices taken at 9 and 11 mm posterior from the olfactory bulb by 46.3% and 44.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). GLUT 1 protein decreased in both OVX and E2 groups by 24.6% and 22.7% respectively (P < 0.05) compared with the non-lesioned side in the core ischemic region, including the basal ganglia. GLUT 1 protein was increased in the E2-treated group compared with the control group (23.3%, P < 0.05) in the penumbral ischemic region of the cortex. Primary rat brain capillary endothelial cell (BCEC) cultures were established as an in vitro model for ischemic effects on endothelial cells. Estrogen reduced BCEC loss by 35.9%, 28.4% and 23.5% (P < 0.05) when glucose in the culture medium was reduced to 50%, 20% and 10%, respectively; and by 28.4% and 18.4% (P < 0.05) following 1 or 4 h of anoxia, respectively. This study demonstrates that estrogen treatment increases GLUT 1 transporters and protects BCEC loss which may in turn reduce focal ischemic brain damage.
Toward a higher level, output analysis interface

To match the greatly increasing power of scientific engineering workstations with the slowly changing capability of the simulation practitioner, the authors examine the possibilities for a high-level output analysis interface. The goal is an interface which considers a parametric family of models and accepts commands stated in terms of understanding model characteristics over this family and for making practical decisions with respect to it. The interfaces considered must exploit the unique features of the simulation environment: the fact that additional data are readily available and that these data can be immediately incorporated into the analysis and presented to the user. Thus, many of the classical considerations of statistics involving making optimum use of limited data become eclipsed by questions of what additional data are needed to make the necessary decisions and how to present the results as the data are being acquired so as to maximize the power of the combination of practitioner and machine. >
Editorial: The 10th Rothkopf Rankings of Universities' Contributions to the INFORMS Practice Literature

This paper presents the 10th ranking of universities according to their contributions to the INFORMS practice literature. Two rankings are given, each based on a different metric: visibility is the number of times a university is listed as the primary academic affiliation in the INFORMS practice literature; yield is the equivalent number of INFORMS practice papers attributable to each university based on author primary academic affiliation. For U.S. universities, Georgia Institute of Technology ranks first in visibility, followed by the Naval Postgraduate School in second, and the Colorado School of Mines in third; for yield, the Naval Postgraduate School ranks first, followed by the Colorado School of Mines in second, and Georgia Institute of Technology third. For non-U.S. universities, the University of Chile ranks first and the University of Toronto ranks second for both visibility and yield, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology is third for visibility, and Cass Business School is third for yield.
Meeting the Needs of Children with Medical Complexity Using a Telehealth Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Care Coordination Model

Effective care coordination is a key quality and safety strategy for populations with chronic conditions, including children with medical complexity (CMC). However, gaps remain in parent report of the need for care coordination help and receipt of care coordination help. New models must close this gap while maintaining family-centered focus. A three-armed randomized controlled trial conducted in an established medical home utilized an advanced practice registered nurse intervention based on Presler’s model of clinic-based care coordination. The model supported families of CMC across settings using telephone only or telephone and video telehealth care coordination. Effectiveness was evaluated from many perspectives and this paper reports on a subset of outcomes that includes family-centered care (FCC), need for care coordination help and adequacy of care coordination help received. FCC at baseline and end of study showed no significant difference between groups. Median FCC scores of 18.0–20.0 across all groups indicated high FCC within the medical home. No significant differences were found in the need for care coordination help within or between groups and over time. No significant difference was found in the adequacy of help received between groups at baseline. However, this indicator increased significantly over time for both intervention groups. These findings suggest that in an established medical home with high levels of FCC, families of CMC have unmet needs for care coordination help that are addressed by the APRN telehealth care coordination model.
Sensitivity to oscillation with a sterile fourth generation neutrino from ultralow threshold neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering

We discuss prospects for probing short-range sterile neutrino oscillation using neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering with ultralow energy ($\ensuremath{\sim}10--100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$) recoil threshold cryogenic Ge detectors. The analysis is performed in the context of a specific and contemporary reactor-based experimental proposal, developed in cooperation with the Nuclear Science Center at Texas A University, and references developing technology based upon economical and scalable detector arrays. The baseline of the experiment is substantially shorter than existing measurements, as near as about 2 m from the reactor core, and is moreover variable, extending continuously up to a range of about 10 m. This proximity and variety combine to provide extraordinary sensitivity to a wide spectrum of oscillation scales, while facilitating the tidy cancellation of leading systematic uncertainties in the reactor source and environment. With 100 eV sensitivity, for exposures on the order of $200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{y}$, we project an estimated sensitivity to first and fourth neutrino oscillation with a mass gap $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}^{2}\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}}^{2}$ at an amplitude ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}2\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, or $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}^{2}\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}}^{2}$ at unit amplitude. Larger exposures, around $5000\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{y}$, together with 10 eV sensitivity are capable of probing more than an additional order of magnitude in amplitude.
Compression performance of HEVC and its format range and screen content coding extensions

This paper presents a comparison-based test of the objective compression performance of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, its format range extensions (RExt), and its draft screen content coding extensions (SCC). The current dominant standard, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, is used as an anchor reference in the comparison. The conditions used for the comparison tests were designed to reflect relevant application scenarios and to enable a fair comparison to the maximum extent feasible – i.e., using comparable quantization settings, reference frame buffering, intra refresh periods, rate-distortion optimization decision processing, etc. It is noted that such PSNR-based objective comparisons generally provide more conservative estimates of HEVC benefit than are found in subjective studies. The experimental results show that, when compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, HEVC version 1 provides a bit rate savings for equal PSNR of about 23% for all-intra coding, 34% for random access coding, and 38% for low-delay coding. This is consistent with prior studies and the general characterization that HEVC can provide about a bit rate savings of about 50% for equal subjective quality for most applications. The HEVC format range extensions provide a similar bit rate savings of about 13–25% for all-intra coding, 28–33% for random access coding, and 32–38% for low-delay coding at different bit rate ranges. For lossy coding of screen content, the HEVC screen content coding extensions achieve a bit rate savings of about 66%, 63%, and 61% for all-intra coding, random access coding, and low-delay coding, respectively. For lossless coding, the corresponding bit rate savings are about 40%, 33%, and 32%, respectively.
The Corporation as Semiosis, 'Citizens United,' the Signification of the Corporate Enterprise and the Development of Law

The corporation, like the state from which it preceded and to some extent superseded, can be understood in its triadic sense — as sign, interpretant and object. Like the state, it serves as an incarnate abstraction, an object, the sign and interpretant which shimmers with meanings that from a distance appear solid and yet which, on closer inspection, dissolve into a dynamic complex of interlocking and interacting signification. This polycentricity, and its functional effect in law, was at the center of a recent U.S. Supreme Court case, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. This paper closely examines Citizens United as an expression of a complex polycentric semiosis. After an introduction, Part II examines the case closely. Part III then draws together the semiotic elements together. The incarnation of the corporation, and its representation as simultaneously political person and property, that is, as person and instrument, signifies both the entity and the person it now simultaneously signifies in ways that suppress and transform both. Citizens United illuminates the object of the corporation as a site of primacy and purpose and also as the place without place or meaning. Within this space of simmering meaning law assumes as fictive a solidity as the enterprise it means to capture through its own craft. What is left is primacy (of the corporation) and purpose within disorder and the absence of meaning, a state of affairs well illustrated in the aftermath of the decision, illustrated in Part IV.
Feeding Behavior Modulates Biofilm-Mediated Transmission of Yersinia pestis by the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis

Background The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is prevalent worldwide, will parasitize animal reservoirs of plague, and is associated with human habitations in known plague foci. Despite its pervasiveness, limited information is available about the cat flea’s competence as a vector for Yersinia pestis. It is generally considered to be a poor vector, based on studies examining early-phase transmission during the first week after infection, but transmission potential by the biofilm-dependent proventricular-blocking mechanism has never been systematically evaluated. In this study, we assessed the vector competence of cat fleas by both mechanisms. Because the feeding behavior of cat fleas differs markedly from important rat flea vectors, we also examined the influence of feeding behavior on transmission dynamics. Methodology/Principal Findings Groups of cat fleas were infected with Y. pestis and subsequently provided access to sterile blood meals twice-weekly, 5 times per week, or daily for 4 weeks and monitored for infection, the development of proventricular biofilm and blockage, mortality, and the ability to transmit. In cat fleas allowed prolonged, daily access to blood meals, mimicking their natural feeding behavior, Y. pestis did not efficiently colonize the digestive tract and could only be transmitted during the first week after infection. In contrast, cat fleas that were fed intermittently, mimicking the feeding behavior of the efficient vector Xenopsylla cheopis, could become blocked and regularly transmitted Y. pestis for 3–4 weeks by the biofilm-mediated mechanism, but early-phase transmission was not detected. Conclusions The normal feeding behavior of C. felis, more than an intrinsic resistance to infection or blockage by Y. pestis, limits its vector competence. Rapid turnover of midgut contents results in bacterial clearance and disruption of biofilm accumulation in the proventriculus. Anatomical features of the cat flea foregut may also restrict transmission by both early-phase and proventricular biofilm-dependent mechanisms.
Thiol-Based Potent and Selective HDAC6 Inhibitors Promote Tubulin Acetylation and T-Regulatory Cell Suppressive Function

Several new mercaptoacetamides were synthesized and studied as HDAC6 inhibitors. One compound, 2b, bearing an aminoquinoline cap group, was found to show 1.3 nM potency at HDAC6, with >3000-fold selectivity over HDAC1. 2b also showed excellent efficacy at increasing tubulin acetylation in rat primary cortical cultures, inducing a 10-fold increase in acetylated tubulin at 1 μM. To assess possible therapeutic effects, compounds were assayed for their ability to increase T-regulatory (Treg) suppressive function. Some but not all of the compounds increased Treg function, and thereby decreased conventional T cell activation and proliferation in vitro.
Interference of Wind Turbines with Different Yaw Angles of the Upstream Wind Turbine

(�) This experimental study was conducted in a wind tunnel using two turbines in tandem arrangement and downstream turbine is located at X/D=2. The purpose was to investigate how yawing the upstream turbine will affect the performance of the downstream turbine as well as the upstream turbine. Wind loading (thrust force), rotational frequency and power output are the parameters used to define the performance of the wind turbines used for the study. Besides, cobra probe (multi-hole pressure probe) was used to measure the flow field in the wake of the non-yawed ( �=0u) and yawed ( �=50u) upstream turbine. The effect of increasing the yaw angle of the upstream turbine on the overall efficiency of the wind farm (two model wind turbines) was also observed. Furthermore, overall efficiency was found to be strongly dependent on the incoming flow turbulence intensity level. Nomenclature D = wind turbine rotor diameter � = upstream turbine yaw angle X/D = spacing between turbines in terms of the wind turbine rotor diameter Z/Z hub = height normalized with the hub height of the wind turbine V = voltage R = resistance U0, Ueff = mean and effective incoming flow speed A0
Distribution and drug-resistance of pathogens caused by bloodstream infections in children patients

Objective To analyze the distribution and resistance of pathogens in blood culture species,so as to examine the clinical and epidemiological features of nosocomial bloodstream infectious(BSIS)-caused Gram-positive pathogens species,which were found in Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital from 1 Jan 2012 through 31 Dec 2012. Methods Distribution and resistance of 663 isolates were restropectively studied. Results Six hundred and sixty-three strains of pathogenic bacteria were separated from the specimens of 6333blood culture samples in our hospital. The positive rate was 10. 5%. Of these strains 404(60. 9%) were Gram-positive bacteria,including CONS,Staphylocosaureus,Enterococci,253(38. 2%) were Gram-negtive bacteria,including E. cloacae,P. aeruginosa,A. xylosoxidans,S. maltophilia,and 6(0. 9%) were fungus. Gram-positive bacillis was sensitive to Vancomyc and Linezolid. Compared with children patients with nosocomial bloodstream infection caused by other Gram-negative pathogens,90% resistant to ≥3 classes of amtimicrobials and were considered to be multidrug resistant including anti-imipenem isolates. Conclusions The resurgence of gram-positive bacteria is the predominant cause of nosocomical infectious pathogens in children patients in our hospital. Many Gram-positive cocci are now resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore,newer,more effective antimicrobial therapies are needed to treat bloodstream infections according to the distribution and resistant of BSIS.
Colonic epithelium-enriched protein A4 is a proteolipid that exhibits ion channel characteristics

Expression of the human gene A4 is enriched in the colonic epithelium and is transcriptionally activated on differentiation of colonic epithelial cells in vitro (M. M. Oliva, T. C. Wu, and V. W. Ya...
Tier 3 Primary Grade Reading Interventions: Can We Distinguish Necessary from Sufficient?

The purpose of this chapter is to describe tier 3 reading interventions used for primary grade students (in kindergarten through third grade). Within multi-tier response-to-intervention systems, tier 3 is reserved for the very few students with the most persistent reading difficulties, having demonstrated significant difficulties in learning to read even with tier 1 and tier 2 supports. As explained in greater detail, tier 3 may be a last layer of intervention in general education that serves as part of a prereferral process or it may be special education. Following the description of the conceptual framework for the chapter, and the discussion of variability in tier 3 implementation, the literature is reviewed to learn whether it is known what is necessary and sufficient to help students who are struggling to read, including students with reading or mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities. Implications for research are discussed and directions for future research are identified.
Circuits for presaccadic visual remapping.

Saccadic eye movements rapidly displace the image of the world that is projected onto the retinas. In anticipation of each saccade, many neurons in the visual system shift their receptive fields. T...
Vortex dynamics in a thin superconducting film with a non-uniform magnetic field applied at its center with a small coil

This paper models the dynamics of vortices that are generated in the middle of a thin, large-area, superconducting film by a low-frequency magnetic field from a small coil, motivated by a desire to better understand measurements of the superconducting coherence length made with a two-coil apparatus. When the applied field exceeds a critical value, vortices and antivortices originate near the middle of the film at the radius where the Lorentz force of the screening supercurrent is largest. The Lorentz force from the screening supercurrent pushes vortices toward the center of the film and antivortices outward. In an experiment, vortices are detected as an increase in mutual inductance between the drive coil and a coaxial “pickup” coil on the opposite side of the film. The model shows that the essential features of measurements are well described when vortex pinning and the attendant hysteresis are included.
Nitric Oxide Donors in Nerve Regeneration

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) can be a potential tool for nerve regeneration because of its important role in brain and nervous system functioning. Various studies have shown, however, that NO signaling provides a switching mechanism between the degenerative and regenerative states of neuronal remodeling, and each NO donor exhibits unique physical and chemical properties resulting in differentiated physiological outcomes. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the role of NO in both neuroregeneration and neurodegeneration activities is crucial for the proper design of an NO-releasing prodrug for the desired application. Limited attempts to investigate the role of NO have been reported to date, and research has just begun to shed light on NO donor potential in this field. This chapter provides a detailed description of the role of NO in both neuroregeneration and neurodegeneration, followed by a comprehensive summary of various NO donors evaluated, to pave the way for future endeavors in this research field.
Substrate transport and anion permeation proceed through distinct pathways in glutamate transporters

Advances in structure-function analyses and computational biology have enabled a deeper understanding of how excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) mediate chloride permeation and substrate transport. However, the mechanism of structural coupling between these functions remains to be established. Using a combination of molecular modeling, substituted cysteine accessibility, electrophysiology and glutamate uptake assays, we identified a chloride-channeling conformer, iChS, transiently accessible as EAAT1 reconfigures from substrate/ion-loaded into a substrate-releasing conformer. Opening of the anion permeation path in this iChS is controlled by the elevator-like movement of the substrate-binding core, along with its wall that simultaneously lines the anion permeation path (global); and repacking of a cluster of hydrophobic residues near the extracellular vestibule (local). Moreover, our results demonstrate that stabilization of iChS by chemical modifications favors anion channeling at the expense of substrate transport, suggesting a mutually exclusive regulation mediated by the movement of the flexible wall lining the two regions.
Principles of Systemic Therapy

Systemic therapy for dermatologic disease is generally safe, but requires knowledge of the patient's medical history, potential drug side effects, toxicity monitoring guidelines, and potential drug interactions. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism allows in some cases for predicting those patients at risk for adverse drug reactions.
Surgical Site Infections after Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Trauma in Low and Middle Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background: Musculoskeletal trauma represents a large source of morbidity in low and middle human development index countries (LMHDICs). Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of trau...
Non-Boolean Computing with Spintronic Devices

In addition to the electron's charge, Spintronics deals with the electron'sspin and magnetic moment for computation or data storage. Certainly,an extremely promising application of spintronic devic...
Computing multifractal spectra via simplicial measures

Complex dynamical systems occur on many scales in the natural world, and serve as rich subjects of study. Examples include ecosystems, physiological systems, and financial markets. Simplified versions of these system can be described by dynamical systems. As such, understanding the qualitative behavior of dynamical systems provides an important window into real-world phenomena. In this manuscript we focus on the qualitative behavior described by the measure concentrated on the attractor of a dynamical system. A common way to study such complicated measures is through their multifractal spectra. We will describe a new method, developed to approximate the Sinai-Bowen-Ruelle measure on an attractor, that is based on the Vietoris-Rips complex. We use it to approximate various measures concentrated on a number of example sets, and demonstrate its efficacy by computing the corresponding multifractal spectra.
INTERNAL VARIABLES AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELLING OF PSEUDOELASTICITY

Solid-solid phase transitions often exhibt hysteresis and to describe the hysteretic behavior we need internal variables. For shape memory single crystal under uni-axial tensile loading, the internal variable has been identified experimentally as the number of interfaces between the austenitic and the martensitic phase regions. Experimental evidences are discussed here. Thermodynamical modelling based on the internal variable is presented.
Efficacy of sequencing of cytotoxic and endocrine therapies in veterans with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

e16501Background: The optimal sequencing of therapies in the treatment of mCRPC has not been established. We examined the efficacy of one to two lines of endocrine therapy with chemotherapy sequenc...
Pathways to Mental Health Services and Perceptions about the Effectiveness of Treatment

The gap between need and effective treatment for mental health problems continues to be a challenge for researchers and policymakers. Much of the attention has been on differences in treatment rate...
Abstract WP299: Telestroke Program Participation and Improvement in Door-To-Needle Times

Background: Telestroke care has become a vital feature of expert stroke care for rural hospitals in recent years. The Telemedicine for Arizona Rural Residents (STARR) program was developed in 2006 ...
The effect of Muscle Energy Techniques versus cross (X) technique kinesio taping to treat chronic low back dysfunction

Background/Aims: Chronic low back dysfunction is a serious health problem affecting people at some time in their life; it impedes the mobility of the lumbar spine and adjacent joints leading to fun...
Evaluation of the effects of biocontrol agents on mycorrhizal fungi

Bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents are currently being developed by researchers and commercial companies for the control of soilborne pathogens, but little is known about the impact of those microbes on non-target beneficial microbes such as symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi which may significantly enhance plant growth and health. The objective of our research is to determine whether introduced biocontrol agents may adversely affect ectomycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae, or VA mycorrhizae.
Total gastrectomy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: Is there an advantage to the minimally invasive approach?

Abstract Background Previous evaluations of the oncologic efficacy of minimally invasive approaches to total gastrectomy in gastric adenocarcinoma have been limited by sample size and duration of follow-up. Methods We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients undergoing robotic and laparoscopic or open total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2015. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for patient, tumor, and treating facility factors. Kaplan-Meier survival functions were used to compare overall survival. Secondary outcomes included margin status, lymph node sampling, mortality, readmission, and length of stay. Results In the study, 3,213 (72.2%) patients underwent open total gastrectomy; 1,238 (27.8%) minimally invasive total gastrectomy. Patients undergoing minimally invasive total gastrectomy were more likely to be treated at academic (49.5% vs 57.8%, P .1). Conclusion Minimally invasive approaches to total gastrectomy provide perioperative oncologic outcomes and overall survival rates that are identical to those for open total gastrectomy but are associated with reduced length of stay.
Accelerating the discontinuous Galerkin cell-vertex scheme solver on GPU-powered systems

The discontinuous Galerkin cell-vertex scheme (DG-CVS) is a high-order space-time Riemann-solver-free numerical solver for general hyperbolic conservation laws. It fuses the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method and the conservation element/solution element (CE/SE) method to take advantage of the best features of both methods. In DG-CVS, the time derivatives of the solution are treated as independent unknowns together with spatial derivatives of the solution, which is amendable to a GPU's parallel execution style. In a GPU environment, this type of scientific application poses challenges, such as high thread divergence, low kernel occupancy, and hardware-unfriendly memory access patterns. This paper presents various optimisations that address those issues. Our proposed optimisations include thread remapping, register pressure reduction as well as software-managed cache memory utilisation. DG-CVS is accelerated by up to 54% on AMD HD7970 GPU, when compared to CPU only execution.
Stochastic Packet Forwarding Algorithm in Flying Ad Hoc Networks

The drones, also officially referred to as unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs), have captured the attention of hobbyists, researchers, and investors, and are becoming increasingly popular for various commercial, industrial, and public-safety applications. As an essential ingredient of Internet-of-Drones, Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) largely consisting of various drones are expeditiously proliferating and playing an important role in realizing the goal of coordinating the access of drones to controlled airspace and providing navigation services. However, packet forwarding in FANETs is challenged by the unique characteristics of FANETs, such as unstable wireless medium and intermittent connectivity caused by high mobility of drones. In this paper, we propose a stochastic packet forwarding algorithm, also called SPA, to provide efficient and reliable data transmission in FANETs. The basic idea of the SPA is to make a stochastic forwarding drone selection based on the combination of multiple real-time network metrics. By objectively allocating the weight to multiple real-time network metrics based on the entropy weight theory, the SPA computes the forwarding availability of each forwarding candidate drone. Then, the forwarding probability of each forwarding candidate drone is calculated, and the forwarding drone is stochastically chosen from all forwarding candidate drones based on the calculated forwarding probability. In experimental performance evaluation, we select link throughput and link expiration time as real-time network metrics, and evaluate the proposed stochastic packet forwarding algorithm through extensive simulation experiments using OMNeT++ and compare its performance with a prior motion-driven packet forwarding algorithm. Simulation results show that the SPA can improve the number of delivered packets as well as the average throughput, indicating a viable approach in FANETs.
High-Volume and Privately Owned Ambulatory Surgical Centers Reduce Costs in Achilles Tendon Repair.

Background:While Achilles tendon repairs are common, little data exist characterizing the cost drivers of this surgery.Purpose:To examine cases of primary Achilles tendon repair, primary repair wit...
Structural and electrical properties of dipole-like substituted barium titanate

Structural and electrical properties of Ba[(Ga0.05,Ta0.05)Ti0.9]O3 (BGT) and Ba0.8Sr0.2[(Ga0.05,Ta0.05)Ti0.9]O3 (BSGT) have been characterized to determine the effects of charge compensated dipole-...
User-Rated Comfort and Preference of Separated Bike Lane Intersection Designs

Improved bicycle infrastructure has become increasingly common in the United States as cities seek to attract new riders, including the demographic who do not feel comfortable riding with motor veh...
Kindling, Neural Basis of

Kindling is a phenomenon characterized by a progressive increase in seizure susceptibility resulting from the application of periodic subconvulsant stimuli to specific regions of the mammalian brain. The kindling process results in long-lasting modifications in neuronal structure and function that are linked to altered gene expression. The electrophysiological and behavioral features of kindling have been well defined, and changes in both excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic synaptic functions have been demonstrated. Similarities with certain types of human epilepsy have made kindling one of the most widely studied animal models of epileptogenesis. A more thorough delineation of the cellular and molecular events underlying kindling could therefore lead to the development of more effective antiepileptic treatments.
Morcellation Not Required: Mini-Laparotomy Does Not Alter Same-Day Discharge Plan

Study Objective The study objective was to evaluate whether the need for mini-laparotomy (ML) for intact specimen extraction adversely impacted the feasibility or safety of same-day discharge (SDD) in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for gynecologic malignancies. Design We performed a retrospective, matched, case-control study in patients undergoing MIS for gynecologic malignancy from January 2013 through December 2019. Setting Single institution. Patients or Participants Patients underwent traditional laparoscopy or robotic assisted laparoscopy and were planned for SDD. Interventions Patients requiring ML for specimen extraction were identified and matched to randomly selected patients not requiring ML (2:1, controls:cases). Clinical demographics, peri-operative outcomes and post-operative contact within 30 days were collected. Standard statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the data. Measurements and Main Results A total of 891 patients were identified. Fifty-two patients required ML for specimen extraction. From the remainder, 104 patients were selected as controls. There was no difference in age (61 vs. 63 years p=0.42) or BMI (32 vs. 30 p=0.29) between the cases and controls. SDD rate was 79% (ML) vs. 83% (control) (p=0.67). There was no difference in mean pain scores (2.3 vs. 2.2 p=0.78), length of stay (LOS) (0 days for both) (p=0.67), 30-day readmission rate (7% vs. 3%) (p=0.17), ED/Urgent care visit (21% vs. 14%) (p=0.28) or any patient contact (36% vs. 37%) (p=0.97), between the groups. Specimen weight was higher for ML (485g vs 135g, p Conclusion Mini-laparotomy for specimen extraction does not affect SDD rates after MIS. It is a safe and feasible strategy for patients with no apparent increase in complication rate or unscheduled patient contact.
Conclusion and Recommendations

There are many ideas presented in this document but here we highlight some of the major points. There is much still to be learned for implementing a forest offset program and what works for one market is likely to be emulated or adapted in other markets. Goldstein and Nayland (2015) note that “there are a few key compliance carbon-pricing policies to watch” and “California represents the most certain source of demand for forest carbon in the next few years.” Challenges that are met can be modified and improved in other markets and in new iterations of existing markets. A key objective is to maintain fungibility among markets and between emissions and offsets (Lee et al. 2013).
Spectroscopic study of the cycling transition 4s[3/2]{sub 2}-4p[5/2]{sub 3} at 811.8 nm in {sup 39}Ar: Hyperfine structure and isotope shift

Doppler-free saturated absorption spectroscopy is performed on an enriched radioactive {sup 39}Ar sample. The spectrum of the 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 5}4s[3/2]{sub 2}-3s{sup 2}3p{sup 5}4p[5/2]{sub 3} cycling transition at 811.8 nm is recorded, and its isotope shift between {sup 39}Ar and {sup 40}Ar is derived. The hyperfine coupling constants A and B for both the 4s[3/2]{sub 2} and 4p[5/2]{sub 3} energy levels in {sup 39}Ar are also determined. The results partially disagree with a recently published measurement of the same transition. Based on earlier measurements as well as the current work, the isotope shift and hyperfine structure of the corresponding transition in {sup 37}Ar are also calculated. These spectroscopic data are essential for the realization of laser trapping and cooling of {sup 37,39}Ar.
Private Interdependent Valuations.

We consider the single-item interdependent value setting, where there is a monopolist, $n$ buyers, and each buyer has a private signal $s_i$ describing a piece of information about the item. Each bidder $i$ also has a valuation function $v_i(s_1,\ldots,s_n)$ mapping the (private) signals of all buyers to a positive real number representing their value for the item. This setting captures scenarios where the item's information is asymmetric or dispersed among agents, such as in competitions for oil drilling rights, or in auctions for art pieces. Due to the increased complexity of this model compared to standard private values, it is generally assumed that each bidder's valuation function $v_i$ is public knowledge. But in many situations, the seller may not know how a bidder aggregates signals into a valuation. In this paper, we design mechanisms that guarantee approximately-optimal social welfare while satisfying ex-post incentive compatibility and individual rationality for the case where the valuation functions are private to the bidders. When the valuations are public, it is possible for optimal social welfare to be attained by a deterministic mechanism under a single-crossing condition. In contrast, when the valuations are the bidders' private information, we show that no finite bound can be achieved by any deterministic mechanism even under single-crossing. Moreover, no randomized mechanism can guarantee better than an $n$-approximation. We thus consider valuation functions that are submodular over signals (SOS), introduced in the context of combinatorial auctions in a recent breakthrough paper by Eden et al. [EC'19]. Our main result is an $O(\log^2 n)$-approximation for buyers with private signals and valuations under the SOS condition. We also give a tight $\Theta(k)$-approximation for the case each agent's valuation depends on at most $k$ other signals even for unknown $k$.
Metabolism of Valine by the Filamentous Fungus Arthrobotrys conoides

Uptake of valine by Arthrobotrys conoides was an active process and was independent of its incorporation into cellular protein. Chemical fractionation of cells supplied with (14)C-l-valine for different time intervals revealed that the amino acid initially entered a pool of metabolic intermediates and was extractable with cold trichloroacetic acid. After a 4-min interval, some intracellular valine was incorporated into cell proteins, but most underwent metabolic transformation to a variety of products that included carboxylic acids and other amino acids. Carbon derived from valine was not localized in the lipid or nucleic acid fraction of cells, but some was completely oxidized and recovered as metabolic (14)CO(2). Autoradiograms of paper and thin-layer chromatograms of acid hydrolysates of cellular protein identified the following amino acids as having originated from valine: glutamate, aspartate, alanine, and leucine. Similar analysis of cold trichloroacetic acid extracts established that (14)C supplied as l-valine had been transformed also to alpha-ketoisovalerate, isobutyrate, propionate, succinate, malate, oxalacetate, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Pathways for transformation of the carbon skeleton of valine to various metabolic products are proposed.
Neuroscience and the Art of Single Cell Recordings

This article examines how scientists move from physical measurementsto actual observation of single-cell recordings in the brain. We highlight how easy it is to change the fundamental nature of ourobservations using accepted methodological techniques for manipulatingraw data. Collecting single-cell data is thoroughly pragmatic. Weconclude that there is no deep or interesting difference betweenaccounting for observations by measurements and accounting forobservations by theories.
A new methodology for distribution network integration planning

In order to resolve the distribution network integration planning, this paper presents a new solution algorithm, which is constituted of twice nesting improved genetic algorithms and once nesting shortest path algorithm. The methodology can be used to solve synthetically planning of distribution network, route planning of feeder and reconfiguration of distribution network flexibly. The model and the methodology proposed in this paper are shown to be effective to solve some practical problems in distribution network planning.
Moral school building leadership: Investigating a praxis for alternative route teacher retention

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the factors and conditions of moral leadership that affect the potential for teacher retention among Alternative Route Certification teachers.Design/methodology/approach – Alternative Route Certification teachers participated in a single focus group. Participants' dialogues were recorded and analyzed for themes. These themes were triangulated with external data from a related study.Findings – Not only are Alternative Route Certification teachers drawn to the profession due to their own moral ideals, findings reveal that they are simultaneously responsive to principals' moral leadership. The praxis of moral leadership is expressed through relationships between principals and teachers and is defined by dispositions as well as actions. Three themes from this study define moral leadership as: a respect for teachers as professionals; relationships with teachers; and focusing on the right things.Practical implications – This paper lays out a theoret...
Hyaluronan receptor (CD44) expression and function in human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages

CD44 glycoproteins are present on the surfaces of many hematopoietic cells and in some cases can bind hyaluronan, a major component of the extracellular matrix. In the present study, we have found that newly explanted human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) exhibit a major CD44 band of 85 kDa, whereas autologous alveolar macrophages (AM phi) express multiple isoforms ranging from 85 to 200 kDa. Within 4 h in culture, PBMs began expressing new CD44 isoforms of 120, 150, and 180 kDa. Newly explanted AM phi specifically bound [3H]hyaluronan (135 cpm/microgram protein), but newly explanted PBMs did not. However, in vitro cultured PBM progressively acquired the ability to bind [3H]hyaluronan and exhibited specific binding of hyaluronan similar to that of AM phi (113 cpm/microgram protein) after 4 days in culture. In both case, the binding of [3H]hyaluronan was specifically inhibited by the addition of monoclonal antibody directed against CD44. AM phi readily degraded [3H]hyaluronan and reached a plateau after 4 days in culture (115 cpm/microgram protein). Newly explanted PBM exhibit no hyaluronan degradation and only a small degradative activity after 4 days in culture (6 to 11 cpm/microgram protein). Thus, CD44 expression and function appear to change as PBM mature in vitro resembling more that found in AM phi.
High Reynolds Number Testing Requirements in (Civilian) Aeronautics

Reynolds Number scaling and influences are among the important basic issues of aeronautics and most other fluid mechanics applications. With the exception of salient edge separations and pressure gradient induced longitudinal vortex bursting, most of the technologically interesting phenomena in aeronautics are, to some extent, Reynolds Number sensitive; e.g., drag, high lift, control/maneuver, propulsion interactions, wake vortex hazard, buffet/flutter/stall/spin, heat transfer, acoustics, etc. (see reference [1] for a convenient summary). The major Reynolds Number effects for civilian transport applications are generally associated with transition locus movement and (related) alterations in separated flows [2]. Transition can occur over a tremendous Reynolds Number range, from the order of 20 × 103 for low speed 2-D free shear layers to the order of 100 × 106 for hypersonic 2-D boundary layers.
Eustachian tube function as a predictor of the recurrence of middle ear effusion in children

Objectives/Hypothesis: In children with ventilation tubes (VTs) inserted for chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), the authors sought to determine whether any parameter of Eustachian tube (ET) function measured by the forced response test (FRT) predicts disease recurrence after the VT becomes nonfunctional. Study Design: Prospective study of those factors that predict disease recurrence in children with VTs inserted for COME. Methods: Forty-nine subjects (73 ears; 28 male, 34 white, aged 5.3 6 1.2 years) with COME had VTs inserted and were evaluable for disease status after the VT(s) became nonfunctional. The FRT was done when the VTs were patent, and results for the last test before the VT became nonfunctional were used in the analysis. After each VT became nonfunctional, the children were followed for disease recurrence over a 12-month period. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the ET opening pressure, closing pressure, and/or dilatory efficiency predicted disease recurrence. That model was expanded to include age, sex, race, history of adenoidectomy, previous VTs, and duration of VT patency as potential predictive factors. Results: Twenty-nine (40%) ears had recurrence of significant disease within 12 months after the VT became nonfunctional. For the complete logistic regression model, male gender (P 5.03), nonwhite race (P 5.02), shorter period of VT patency (P 5.01), and low dilatory efficiency (P 5.01) were significant predictors of disease recurrence. Conclusions: A measure of active ET function, dilatory efficiency, but not measures of passive function predicted disease recurrence within the 12 months after the VT became nonfunctional in children with COME.
Type XIV Collagen Is Encoded by Alternative Transcripts with Distinct 5' Regions and Is a Multidomain Protein with Homologies to von Willebrand's Factor, Fibronectin, and Other Matrix Proteins*

The combined nucleotide sequences of several overlapping cDNAs provide the first complete amino acid sequence of type XIV collagen. Independent confirmation of the deduced sequence is provided by amino acid sequencing of several tryptic peptides isolated from purified chicken skin type XIV collagen. Comparative analyses show that the amino-terminal non-triple-helical region of alpha 1(XIV) chains contains sequence motifs that are similar to alpha 1(IX) collagen, fibronectin type III repeats, and von Willebrand's factor A-domains. The results also strongly suggest that the alpha 1(XIV) collagen gene is identical to the gene encoding the matrix component previously named undulin. cDNAs covering the 5' region of alpha 1(XIV) mRNA fall into two classes with distinct sequences in their 5'-untranslated regions. We believe the two alternative sequences result from differential splicing of the primary transcript. Interestingly, one of the untranslated sequences shows a high degree of identity with the cis-regulatory translational control sequence in the 5'-untranslated region of a Drosophila ribosomal protein mRNA. We hypothesize therefore that the sequence in alpha 1(XIV) collagen may play a role in the control of alpha 1(XIV) protein synthesis.
Explosive Systems Utilizing Semiconductor Bridge, SCB, Technology

Le pont semi-conducteur (SCB) des Sandia National Laboratories est une technologie arrivee a maturite utilisee a present pour plusieurs nouvelles applications. De telles applications necessitent des blocs d'explosif de faible poids, de faible volume et peu couteux et n'ont besoin que de petites quantites d'energie pour fonctionner. L'expression bloc d'explosif' fait ici reference a la combinaison du systeme d'amorcage (source de courant pour le signal d'amorcage) et des composants explosifs. Etant donne que les systemes d'amorcage conventionnels ne peuvent repondre aux nouvelles specifications de taille, de poids et d'energie reduites, on a developpe des systemes SCB pour des applications qui s'etendent des appareils du Sandia aux amorces commerciales pour les feux d'artifice. La presente etude donne un bref apercu de la technologie des SCB et presente des exemples de systemes d'amorce SCB developpes pour repondre aux exigences modernes.
Blessed, precious mistakes: deconstruction, evolution, and New Atheism in America

This paper explores the ways that Daniel C. Dennett’s bestselling 2006 book Breaking the Spell traffics in a set of distinctly American presumptions about the relationship between religion and science. In this Americanized atheism, religion is presumed to be a set of logically organized propositional beliefs–a misbegotten science in need of correction or elimination. I show that a convergent critique, drawing on both evolutionary theory and deconstruction, highlights the limitations of this approach. This convergence highlights the theme of accident in both pluralist evolutionary biology and continental philosophy of religion. Thematizing accident opens up a new conversational space between a deconstructive approach to religion and postadaptationist evolutionary theory, with implications not only for a philosophical understanding of religion, but for new, postsecular atheisms.