cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of the separation wavenumber in the two-scale scattering approximation (ocean surface radar backscatter)

The modeling of radar backscatter from the ocean uses the two-scale scattering approximation. This approximation assumes that the continuous spectrum of the ocean can be separated at some wavenumber into large- and small-scale surfaces, allowing use of physical optics and small perturbation methods. The authors investigate the choice of the separation wavenumber by comparing two-scale calculations and exact numerical calculations for a randomly rough surface with a power law spectrum. >
Leishmania adleri: in vitro phagocytosis by lizard leukocytes and peritoneal exudate cells.

Abstract The interaction of iguanid lizard ( Dipsosaurus dorsalis ) blood cells and promastigote forms of Leishmania adleri Heisch 1954 was observed in vitro by means of wet mount preparations. Some parasites were phagocytized within a short time after their addition to the preparations. Parasites were engaged and engulfed either individually or in masses. Rapid decrease in size of the parasites occurred. The process of phagocytosis of the parasites was found to be very similar to that of mammalian leishmanias in similar preparations with mammalian cells. Cell cultures prepared from peritoneal exudates of lizards ( Basiliscus vittatus ) were inoculated with L. adleri promastigotes. Resultant intracellular amastigotes were observed up to 36 hr at 25 and 35 C.
Three Years’ Operating Experience With 7500-kw Gas-Turbine Plants in Belgian Steelworks

Gas turbines are being used in increasing numbers in the European steel industry, utilizing as fuel blast-furnace gas, and producing either electric power or blast-furnace wind; in some cases both combined. It is now possible to put on record results obtained with these machines in commercial operation, as some of the units have been running practically nonstop for several years. Apart from teething troubles during the first few thousand running hours, the gas turbine has fulfilled all expectations, both regarding the economics of operation and from the maintenance point of view.Copyright © 1960 by ASME
Social Influence and Individual Preferences: On Schumpeter's Theory of Consumer Choice

(1994). Social Influence and Individual Preferences: On Schumpeter's Theory of Consumer Choice. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 301-314.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support in a Case of Severe Status Asthmaticus

Support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can sustain life for a substantial period of time, but the role of long-term ECMO support is limited. The National Institutes of Health ECMO collaborative study revealed no significant reduction in mortality in adults with severe respiratory distress syndrome treated with ECMO. The value of ECMO in the treatment of transient, severe acute respiratory insufficiency has been demonstrated in patients after cardiac operations, in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and in patients following trauma. We present an example of refractory respiratory failure in a young asthmatic with massive atelectasis in whom the institution of ECMO allowed us to perform adequate pulmonary lavage. It resulted in improvement in gas exchange and the patient's survival.
ACIDIC RESIDUES NECESSARY FOR PYROPHOSPHATE-ENERGIZED PUMPING AND INHIBITION OF THE VACUOLAR H+-PYROPHOSPHATASE BY N,N'-DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE

On the basis of a revised topological model of the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) derived from the analysis of four published sequences using two structure-predicting programs, TopPred II and MEMSAT, eight acidic amino acid residues located near or within transmembrane alpha-helices were identified. The codons specifying these amino acids in the cDNA encoding the V-PPase from Arabidopsis thaliana were singly mutated to examine their involvement in pyrophosphate (PPi) hydrolysis and PPi-dependent H+ translocation and the functional significance of the similarities between the sequences encompassing Glu229 (227-245) of the V-PPase and the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-binding transmembrane alpha-helix of the c-subunits of F-ATPases (Nyren, P., Sakai-Nore, Y. , and Strid, A. (1993) Plant Cell Physiol. 34, 375-378). Three functional classes were identified after heterologous expression of mutated enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Class I (E119Q, E229Q, D573N, E667Q, and E751Q) mutants exhibited PPi hydrolytic and H+ translocation activities and DCCD sensitivities similar to wild type. The one class II mutant obtained (E427Q) was preferentially impaired for H+ translocation over PPi hydrolysis but retained sensitivity to DCCD. Class III (E305Q and D504N) mutants exhibited a near complete abolition of both PPi hydrolysis and H+ translocation and residual activities with decreased DCCD sensitivity. In none of the mutants was diminished insertion of the V-PPase into the membrane or an increase in the background conductance of the membrane to H+ evident. The decoupled character of E427Q mutants and the enhancement of H+ pumping in E427D mutants by comparison with wild type, in conjunction with the retention of DCCD inhibitability in both E427Q and E427D mutants, implicate a role for Glu427 in DCCD-insensitive H+ translocation by the V-PPase. The proportionate diminution of PPi hydrolytic and H+ translocation activity and conservation of wild type DCCD sensitivity in E229Q mutants refute the notion that Glu229 is the residue whose covalent modification by DCCD is responsible for the abolition of PPi-dependent H+ translocation. Instead, the diminished sensitivity of the residual activities of E305Q and D504N mutants, but not E305D or D504E mutants, to inhibition by DCCD is consistent with the involvement of acidic residues at these positions in inhibitory DCCD binding. The results are discussed with regard to the possible involvement of Glu427 in coupling PPi hydrolysis with transmembrane H+ translocation and earlier interpretations of the susceptibility of the V-PPase to inhibition by carbodiimides.
Modeling and parameter estimation of yeast size distribution dynamics.

The dynamic behavior of a batch culture of yeast with a rate-limiting nutrient was analyzed by examining the cell number density, cell size distribution, and concentration of a rate-limiting nutrient. The particular strain of S. cerevisiae studied grows only when the medium contains L-tryptophan. The cell number, volume distribution, and external L-tryptophan concentration were measured at successive times in the development of the culture. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the experimental data and provide a framework for understanding the dynamics of the cell growth and division in terms of cellular events. A nonlinear optimization procedure was specially adapted to estimate model parameters.
The G‐2: Are America and China Headed for Divorce?

Thanks to the draining effects of the Iraq war and the financial meltdown emanating from Wall Street, a powershift away from American dominance is taking place. Caught between a rising China and an America in relative decline, the new leadership in Japan is recalibrating its post-World War II relationships. The G-20 has usurped the role once played by the G-8 as the governing committee of globalization. And the symbiotic coupling of “Chimerica”, born out of the credit bubble built up over the past two decades, is being put to the test. In this section, the new prime minister of Japan, the president of the European Union, the president of Brazil and a leading economic historian assess these shifts.
Host growth induced by genetic tumour grafts.

SPONTANEOUS tumours in Nicotiana were first reported by Kostoff1 and are called genetic tumours2. They arise on certain interspecific tobacco hybrids2, and it has been proposed that certain genes when appropriately combined in a hybrid promote the development of tumours3,4. Though in bacterially induced crown gall tumours the tumour state is transmissible from a tumour cell to a normal cell in the absence of viable bacteria5,6, efforts to demonstrate an ability of genetic tumours to induce tumour development across a graft union have failed2. Attempts to graft Nicotiana glauca×Nicotiana langsdorffi hybrid tumour tissues from sterile culture to non-parental species of Nicotiana were unsuccessful because the grafts died7,8. Here we report the successful grafting of N. glauca×N. langsdorffii amphidiploid (GGLL) tissue from sterile culture on to N. tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38. Within a month of grafting, the graft (GGLL tumour tissue) induced the development of host (N. tabacum) shoots in wound sites and some grafts became chimaeral.
The distance behavior of hospital patients: a disaggregated analysis.

Abstract Regional health systems planning implicitly incorporates information about the distance behavior of hospital patients, in specifying hospital catchment areas, service-specific catchment areas and levels of centralization. Distance behavior of patients varies depending on their particular diagnoses and on the treatment and diagnostic procedure(s). In this study, a variety of procedures, ranging from those which are routine to those which are highly specialized, are analyzed within the framework of distance behavior. Regionalization of selected services will, by definition, affect distance behavior.
Abstract 4767: Neo-peptides from gene fusions as cancer vaccine antigens

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Of all possible sources of antigens for cancer vaccines, frameshift (FS) peptides are attractive in that they may represent neo-antigens. FS peptides may be induced by insertions/deletions or by chimeric transcripts that result from mis-splicing, chromosomal translocations or trans-splicing of mRNA. Aim: In order to discover FS neo-antigens, we have taken a bioinformatical approach at identifying tumor specific, neo-peptides that are generated when chimeric transcripts are translated. Specifically we have focused our attention on identifying chimeric transcripts that create a frameshift when the exons of two different genes are joined. As a result of this gene fusion, approximately 50% of the time a frameshift occurs thus creating a neo-peptide. Method: In order to quickly identify these types of transcripts that are specific to cancer and not present in normal tissue, we have developed an algorithm that can be used to screen publically available databases and high-throughput sequencing data. As proof of principle we have applied this algorithm to the NCBI Expressed Sequence Tag database that contains cDNA sequencing information for normal and cancer tissues. Results: Based on this approach, we have identified and validated 35 chimeric transcripts that are present in breast cancer cell lines and in primary breast tumors. In addition, 9 chimeric transcripts are also present in seven different pancreatic cancer cell lines. Of the 35 chimeric transcripts, 11 chimeric transcripts produce frameshift peptides that are at least nine amino acids or longer and are predicted by SYFPEITHI and Rankpep to be immunogenic and capable of being presented in the most frequent human class I MHC alleles. Moreover, our analyses also identified chimeric transcripts that have already been confirmed by 454 sequencing for breast and prostate cancer. Discussion: Defining the chimeric transcriptome in both healthy and cancer patients could be critical for the development of new therapeutic agents. Of more interest to us, is their potential contribution to a prophylactic cancer vaccine. (This work is supported by a DoD Innovator Award and a Keck Foundation grant to SAJ) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4767.
The effect of sex, laterality and familial handedness on intellectual abilities.

Abstract This study assessed the relationship of sex, familial handedness and laterality to the intellectual abilities of 116 right-handed 12–14-yr-old subjects. Verbal scores were predicted by an interaction between familial handedness and the subject's own laterality. A strong right ear advantage for verbal stimuli and a large lateral difference between the ear advantage for verbal and nonverbal stimuli predicted high Verbal Intelligence scores for the strong right hand-eye preference subjects with family histories of dextrality. Conversely, attenuated ear advantage scores for verbal stimuli predicted high Verbal Intelligence scores for the strong right hand-eye familial sinistral subjects. Although the results were less consistent for Performance Intelligence scores, they were significantly and positively related to assessed hand-eye preference, and a significant interaction between familial handedness and the subject's own laterality was observed for the Object Assembly subtest. A strong left ear advantage for nonverbal stimuli predicted high scores for the strong right-preference familial dextral subjects and attenuated ear advantage for nonverbal stimuli predicted high scores for the strong right-preference familial sinistral subjects.
Reversal of papilloma growth in rabbits therapeutically vaccinated against E6 with naked DNA and/or vesicular stomatitis virus vectors.

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the greatest risk factor for the development of HPV-associated cancers. In this study rabbits bearing persistent and potentially malignant papillomas were used to test the efficacy of vaccination with a recombinant DNA and/or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) targeting the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) E6 protein. Immune responses were primed with either vector and boosted twice with the homologous or heterologous E6 vector. Over the course of 18 weeks, E6 vaccination reduced papilloma volumes to one third the volume in the controls, and the rabbits boosted with an heterologous vector tended to mount stronger responses. Small and medium-sized papillomas responded significantly but only slightly better than large papillomas. Finally the initial papilloma burden per rabbit, ranging from 1000 mm(3), was not prognostic of antitumor efficacy. In summary both E6 vaccines elicited significant therapeutic immunity, and their sequential use tended to be advantageous.
Mapping of Glucocorticoid Receptor DNA Binding Domain Surfaces Contributing to Transrepression of NF-κB and Induction of Apoptosis

Glucocorticoids (GCs) function, in part, through the ability of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to activate gene expression and in part through the transrepression of AP-1 and NF-κB. Here we characterize the effect of GR DNA binding domain (DBD) mutations, previously analyzed for changes in the ability to activate gene expression or transrepress AP-1. We have identified a GR mutant capable of distinguishing between transrepression of NF-κB and AP-1. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we show that this mutation does not appreciably alter GR DBD conformation, suggesting that functional differences between the mutant and wild type protein are the result of an alteration of a specific interaction surface. These data suggest that transrepression of NF-κB and AP-1 occurs through distinct protein-protein interactions and argue against the hypothesis that transrepression occurs through competition for a single coactivator protein. Introduction of these mutations into GC-resistant CEM lymphoblastic T cells restored dexamethasone (DEX)-mediated apoptosis as did wild type GR regardless of whether these mutants were transrepression or activation defective. Thus, DEX-mediated apoptosis in transformed T cells is more complex than originally appreciated.
Research Forecasting for Health Information Technology (HIT), using technology intelligence

Abstract Due to the rapid pace of change in technology and its impact on society, there is an increasing demand for use of Technology Forecasting methods to improve policy planning and implementation. One such area is the field of Health Care and the impact of Health Information Technology (HIT) on this field. Using HIT has shown to be associated with reduced cost, improved quality, and better patient experience; yet HIT adoption has been slow. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the HIT adoption processes in order to meet the evolving requirements for health care delivery. We propose collecting Technology Intelligence for use in Research Forecasting as part of the larger HIT Technology Forecasting efforts. In this study, we systematically probed for HIT-related technology intelligence in the fields of Information Systems, Engineering Management, and Medical Informatics. Results of our analysis show that all three fields are active in Health IT research, but could benefit from further collaboration. We were also able to identify instances of emerging journals and emerging topics in Health IT research. We conclude that it is indeed plausible and meaningful to collect technology intelligence on HIT adoption, to support the overall goal of improving healthcare delivery.
Intracranial dural metastases.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial dural metastases (IDM) are found at autopsy in 9% of patients with advanced systemic cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, IDM have not been studied systematically in the modern neuroimaging era. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, and prognosis of patients with IDM. METHODS: The current study was a retrospective review of 122 patients with IDM diagnosed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1999 and 2006. Patients with concurrent brain or leptomeningeal metastases were excluded. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of the patients were women; the median age at diagnosis was 59 years, the median Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) at diagnosis was 80, and the median time to IDM diagnosis from initial cancer diagnosis was 37 months. Breast (34%) and prostate (17%) cancers were the most frequent primary tumors associated with IDM. Fifty-six percent of patients had a single dural metastasis. On imaging, 70% had metastases of the overlying skull, 44% had dural tail metastases, 53% had vasogenic edema, and 34% had brain invasion. Direct extension from skull metastases was the most common mode of spread. Eighty-three percent of patients had active systemic disease at the time of IDM diagnosis. A lower KPS and lung cancer were associated with worse overall survival. Surgical resection and chemotherapy improved progression-free survival, but only resection was found to be associated with improved overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: IDM affect a significant proportion of cancer patients. KPS and status of systemic cancer should guide treatment decisions. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
c-Myc Does Not Require Max for Transcriptional Activity in PC-12 Cells

The c-Myc proto-oncogene is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (b/HLH/LZ) protein that participates in cellular growth and differentiation. The expression of c-Myc mRNA is rapidly induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. In most cell types, c-Myc forms a sequence-specific DNA binding complex with the stable, constitutively expressed Max. This complex can function as a transcriptional regulator. We show here that the expression of Max mRNA or protein was not detected in PC-12 cells. Nevertheless, treatment of PC-12 cells with NGF and serum caused an increase in the expression of the c-Myc protein and the transcription of a reporter gene linked to the Myc/Max DNA binding site. Transcription from the same reporter gene is stimulated by over-expression of c-Myc. These results suggest that c-Myc protein functions as a transcriptional regulator in PC-12 cells despite the lack of Max protein. Therefore, Myc/Max complexes may not be an absolute requirement for Myc-dependent gene expression.
Testing a Model of Mammography Intention1

This paper presents the results of a study testing components of the Triandis model of choice to predict intention to obtain screening mammography in the next 2 years. A questionnaire was developed to measure the theoretical components of this model. Analysis was based on 2,521 women, 50 to 65 years old, who received primary care from 1 of 28 participating primary care group practices. Based on the four theoretical components of intention described in the Triandis model-social influence, affect, consequence, and barriers-a set of structural equation models was explored. The sample was split into two equal subsamples: one sample used for model exploration and one used for model confirmation. Results showed that the original intention model was not supported. Instead, the model that best fit the data, and upheld it in the subsample used for model confirmation, was a model in which habit and intention were strongly related. The strongest predictors of habit were barriers and consequences; the strongest predictors of intention were social influences and barriers.
An image processing architecture for real time generation of scale and rotation invariant patterns

An architecture is presented which accomplishes in real time and without computation the complex logarithmic coordinate mapping of an n by n input image. Simulation results document the architecture's ability to convert scale changes and rotations of the input image into respectively constant horizontal and cyclic vertical shifts of an output image. Because of this property, the output patterns are called shift and rotation invariant. Pattern recognition can be performed on the invariant output patterns using translation-invariant methods. The invariant output patterns are furthermore shown to possess an intensity preserving property for arbitrary variations in image size. The underlying reason for that invariance is due to a new mapping rule which excludes the jacobian factor normally used in a change of coordinates. The sensitivity of the architecture to placement of the input image, center mismatch, is discussed in terms of the difference between coordinate transformation and functional transformation methods. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the relative insensitivity of the architecture to center mismatch as opposed to the sensitive nature of cartesian to polar mappings.
EAVE-East Field Test Results

EAVE-East is an untethered autonomous submersible being developed by the Marine systems Engineering Laboratory (MSEL) at the University of New Hampshire. The submersible underwent intensive development testing during the summer and fall of 1983. Results of these tests will be presented to specifically address the following: 1. Vehicle navigation capability; 2. Vehicle controllability; 3. Mass data storage and retrieval. The presentation will include a short videotape of the vehicle swimming in and around a simulated structure. Future areas of development for this vehicle will be described.
Energy conditions in standard static spacetimes

Let (H, h) be a Riemannian manifold and letf∶H→(0,∞) be a smooth function. The Lorentzian warped product (a,b) f ×H, -∞⩽a<b⩽∞, with metricds 2=(−f 2 dt 2)⊕h is called a standard static spacetime. We investigate conditions on the warping functionf which guarantee that a standard static spacetime (a,b) f ×H satisfies certain of the energy conditions from general relativity. Also, if (H, h) is a complete, finite volume Riemannian manifold with nonpositive Ricci curvature and the gradient off never vanishes onH, then (a, b) f ×H cannot satisfy the null convergence condition.
Sedimentology of Nantucket Bay, Massachusetts: ABSTRACT

Nantucket Island is a Pleistocene terminal moraine which encompasses a bay approximately 7 miles long End_Page 1772------------------------------ and 1.5 miles wide. The bay is bordered on the northwest by post-glacial marine deposits that have been modified into cuspate projections. Remnants of kames and moraines form the border on the east and south. Most of the bay is not more than 12 feet deep, but 3 basins range in depth from 24 to 30 feet. Sediments are composed of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and shell debris. Excess current energy of incoming over outgoing tides causes shell debris to accumulate where otherwise only fine sediments might be expected. In some areas, calcium carbonate content of fine sediments is high due to large foraminiferal populations. Therefore, calcium carbonate percentage is high in both coarse and fine sediments, whereas organic carbon and nitrogen are high only in fine sediments. Quartz is the major constituent of the sands; larger grains are characteristically well rounded and frosted. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1773------------
Increased incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in high-risk liver transplant recipients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis versus ganciclovir prophylaxis

Optimal measures for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in high-risk orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) patients are unknown. The charts of high-risk OLT recipients with 12 months of follow-up who were transplanted over a 44-month period were reviewed. The incidence of CMV disease in CMV-seropositive donor/CMV-seronegative recipient patients receiving valganciclovir or ganciclovir prophylaxis was compared. Sixty-six patients met the inclusion criteria and were treated with 1 of 3 prophylactic regimens: valganciclovir (900 mg daily; 27 patients), oral ganciclovir (1000 mg every 8 hours; 17 patients), or intravenous ganciclovir (6 mg/kg daily; 22 patients). Eight CMV cases occurred, all after completion of the prophylaxis. The combined incidence of CMV disease with intravenous and oral ganciclovir was lower than the incidence in valganciclovir recipients (P = 0.056; relative risk, 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–19.87). CMV disease occurred in 22.2% of valganciclovir recipients, 4.5% of intravenous ganciclovir recipients, and 5.9% of oral ganciclovir recipients. In conclusion, late-onset CMV disease occurred more frequently among high-risk liver transplant recipients treated with valganciclovir prophylaxis. The 4-fold higher incidence of CMV disease in our study supports the avoidance of valganciclovir for prophylaxis in high-risk OLT patients. Liver Transpl 15:963–967, 2009. © 2009 AASLD.
THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE PRODUCT DERIVED FROM THE BASE-CATALYZED DIMERIZATION OF 3-METHYLCYCLOHEX-2-EN-1-ONE

Abstract Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the product derived from the base-catalyzed dimerization of 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one has established that it possesses a saturated diketone structure with a syn-stereochemistry rather than an anti-arrangement as previously proposed.
The Unified Airway—Conceptual Framework

Substantial evidence exists to support the concept that the respiratory system functions as an integrated unit. Pathophysiological processes that involve the upper airway generally occur in conjunction with lower airway diseases, and diffuse inflammation often affects mucosal surfaces of the middle ear, nose, sinuses, and tracheobronchial tree simultaneously. Support for this relationship can be found in epidemiological studies, in shared pathophysiological mechanisms, and in observed interactive treatment effects. This model and its implications are discussed.
Germanium nMOSFETs With Recessed Channel and S/D: Contact, Scalability, Interface, and Drain Current Exceeding 1 A/mm

A novel recessed channel and source/drain (S/D) technique is employed in Ge nMOSFETs, which greatly improves metal contacts to n-type Ge with contact resistance of down to 0.23 $\Omega \cdot {\rm mm}$ and enhances gate electrostatic control with $I_{\rm ON} / I_{\rm OFF}$ of $> 10^{5}$ . The recessed S/D contacts are thoroughly investigated, showing strong dependence on the doping profile. For the first time, the drain current of Ge nMOSFETs has exceeded 1 A/mm with an $I_{d}$ of 1043 mA/mm on a 40-nm $L_{\rm ch}$ device. Scalability study is carried out in deep sub-100-nm region on Ge nMOSFETs with $L_{\rm ch}$ down to 25 nm. Interface study is also conducted with a new postoxidation method introduced, which significantly reduces the interface trap density. Device behaviors corresponding to interface traps are also investigated through a Technology Computer Aided Design simulation.
Analysis of pp → K+K− π+π− around 1 GeV/c☆

Approximately 100 000 four-prong antiproton annihilations in hydrogen were measured. A clean, unbiased sample of 842 K+K−π+π− events was obtained. This reaction is dominated by K∗(∼45%) and ϱ0(∼20%) production, with smaller amounts of A20(∼15%) and ϕ(∼5%) production. 25% of the reactions involved double resonance production. No significant three-body resonance production is observed.
Improving GPU Robustness by making use of faulty parts

With hundreds of processing units in current state-of-the-art graphics processing units (GPUs), the probability that one or more processing units fail due to permanent faults, during fabrication or post deployment, increases drastically. In our experiments we found that the loss of a single streaming multiprocessor (SM) in an 8-SM GPU resulted in as much as 16%performance loss. The default method for dealing with faulty SMs is to turn them off. Although faulty SMs cannot be trusted to completely execute a single kernel (program assigned to an SM) correctly, we show that we can still make use of these SMs to improve system throughput by generating and supplying high-level hints to other functional SMs. By making the faulty SMs supply hints to functional SMs, we have been able to achieve an average speed-up of about 16 % over the baseline case (wherein the faulty SMs are turned off). The proposed technique requires minimal hardware overhead and is highly scalable.
Myeloma ASH 2010 highlights

the questions and for the sake of clarity they have been discussed together. These results should be examined in the context of the current approaches for managing myeloma. Broadly, the treatment strategy for myeloma consists of an ‘‘induction therapy’’ aimed at rapid control of the disease followed by a consolidation strategy that may include stem cell transplant (SCT), followed by maintenance strategies where appropriate [2]. This should be complemented by full supportive care to ameliorate the effect of myeloma-related end organ damage and other potential complications. We present some of the most exciting findings form the meeting, grouping them in the context of treatment steps for better perspective of their impact on daily practice. Initial Therapy of Myeloma The results from several Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials were presented looking at the efficacy of different combinations in previously untreated patients. In general, the different trials examined two, three, and four drug combinations that included both new and old drugs. Cavo et al. presented the results of a randomized trial that compared bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone with thalidomide and dexamethasone as initial therapy of newly diagnosed MM followed by double autologous stem cell transplantation and further consolidation therapy [3]. Initial treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of thalidomide (100–200 mg/day) along with dexamethasone (320 mg/cycle) with (TD) or without bortezomib 1.3 mg/m 2 twice weekly (VTD). Patients then had stem cells collected with cyclophosphamide and growth factors, followed by tandem ASCT with Mel 200 conditioning. Patients received thalidomide and dexamethasone between the ASCT and then received three 5-week cycles of thalidomide and dexamethasone with or without bortezomib 1.3 mg/m 2 weekly. Overall, 236 patients were randomized to VTD and 238 to the TD arm. There was a progressive increase in the depth of response during each phase of therapy with nCR or better rates of 31%, 52%, 55%, and 62% after induction, 1st ASCT, 2nd ASCT, and consolidation respectively with VTD; all of which was significantly better than TD (11%, 31%, 41%, and 45%, respectively). Addition of bortezomib to TD resulted in a 39% relative reduction in the risk of progression with no difference in the overall survival after a median follow-up duration of 36 months. Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of t(4;14) on progression free survival (PFS) was not evident among patients getting bortezomib, unlike TD suggesting a beneficial effect of the drug on patients with this high-risk
THREE-COMPONENT SPIN ECHOES

Effects of radiation damping on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse transient echo and free induction decay (FID) signals in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields are measured and analyzed. An analytical theorem serves as a guide for computer simulations that confirm the experimental results. In comparison to the two-component refocusing of magnetization vectors typically observed as a spin echo in the limit of negligible radiation damping, a two-pulse ﷿-﷿ sequence produces an echo where all three components of the magnetization vary and refocus. The analytical theorem is extended to describe echo properties of various two-pulse and stimulated three-pulse echo sequences. Multiple echoes occur for a class of two-pulse sequences. Multiple rf-pulses interleaved with pulsed magnetic field gradients and the design of multiple pulse sequences for spectroscopic applications are discussed.
Design considerations for enhancing absorption in semiconductors on metals through surface plasmon polaritons

Surface plasmon polaritons have attracted attention for energy applications such as photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells because of their ability to improve optical absorption in thin films. We show that surface plasmon polaritons enhance absorption most significantly in materials with small positive real permittivity and large positive imaginary permittivity, e.g. organics or CdTe. Additional losses, accounting for dissipation in the metal and the existence of a cutoff frequency above which polaritons are no longer bound, are incorporated into efficiency calculations. Owing to these losses, devices with optical absorption based solely on SPPs will necessarily always have a lower efficiency than that predicted by the Shockley–Queisser limit. Calculations are presented for specific materials, including crystalline and amorphous Si, GaAs, CdTe, a P3HT:PCBM blend, α-Fe2O3 and rutile TiO2, as well as for general materials of arbitrary permittivity. Guidelines for selecting absorber materials and determining whether specific materials are good candidates for improving optical absorption with SPPs are presented.
Using digital logic simulation as a teaching aid in discrete mathematics, hardware and operating systems, networking, computer organization and computer architecture: a workshop outline

Many open source digital logic emulators are available and some have been used by the author to build demonstrations, applets, circuits, and computers for use in discrete mathematics, hardware and operating systems, networking, computer organization and computer architecture classes. This workshop will teach attendees how to use three free, open source logic emulators as a teaching resource in Information Technology classes: MultiMedia Logic, Cedar Logic, and LogiSim. Some of the circuits and applets used in teaching to be taught and demonstrated in this workshop include symmetric encryption/decryption, number conversion, circuit design and simplification, number conversion, debate timer, binary clock, and a number of complete computer systems demonstrating Harvard, Von Neumann, and several other computer architectures. This workshop will include electronic copies of all of the circuits built and demonstrated.
On random coefficient INAR(1) processes

The random coefficient integer-valued autoregressive process was introduced by Zheng, Basawa, and Datta in 2007. In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of this model (in particular, weak limits of extreme values and the growth rate of partial sums) in the case where the additive term in the underlying random linear recursion belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law.
Seasonal Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in the FSU Climate Model Coupled to the CLM2

The current Florida State University (FSU) climate model is upgraded by coupling the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model Version 2 (CLM2) as its land component in order to make a better simulation of surface air temperature and precipitation on the seasonal time scale, which is important for crop model application. Climatological and seasonal simulations with the FSU climate model coupled to the CLM2 (hereafter FSUCLM) are compared to those of the control (the FSU model with the original simple land surface treatment). The current version of the FSU model is known to have a cold bias in the temperature field and a wet bias in precipitation. The implementation of FSUCLM has reduced or eliminated this bias due to reduced latent heat flux and increased sensible heat flux. The role of the land model in seasonal simulations is shown to be more important during summertime than wintertime. An additional experiment that assimilates atmospheric forcings produces improved land-model initial conditions, which in turn reduces the biases further. The impact of various deep convective parameterizations is examined as well to further assess model performance. The land scheme plays a more important role than the convective scheme in simulations of surface air temperature. However, each convective scheme shows its own advantage over different geophysical locations in precipitation simulations.
The Problem of Pneumatic Pressure Lag: Part 1—Steady-State Flow in a Tubing System

Two different analytical models, a linearized model and force balance model, were used to check the experimental data for an air-water flow system simulating certain features of a loss-of-coolant accident. The dry well'' pressure predicted by the linear model is higher than the measured value. The predicted displacement of the airwater interface versus time yielded good agreement with the measured value for a small vent tube (dia 0.875 in.), but not for the large one (dia 1.5 in.). The force balance model does not predict the dry well pressure and also fails to give satisfactory results for the large vent tube. (H.G.G.)
Production of kW-Power Pulses Tunable in the 0.5-3 THz Range for Amplification in a High-Gain FEL

2 kW, 200 ns pulses were generated in a noncollinear phase-matched GaAs crystal pumped by line-tunable CO2 lasers. This pulse in the range 0.5-3.0 THz can be amplified to 5-100 MW in a single-pass FEL.
Carbon dioxide laser ablation with immediate autografting in a full-thickness porcine burn model.

Objective To compare the long-term clinical and histologic outcome of immediate autografting of full-thickness burn wounds ablated with a high-power continuous-wave CO2 laser to sharply debrided wounds in a porcine model. Summary Background Data Continuous-wave CO2 lasers have performed poorly as tools for burn excision because the large amount of thermal damage to viable subeschar tissues precluded successful autografting. However, a new technique, in which a high-power laser is rapidly scanned over the eschar, results in eschar vaporization without significant damage to underlying viable tissues, allowing successful immediate autografting. Methods Full-thickness paravertebral burn wounds measuring 36 cm2 were created on 11 farm swine. Wounds were ablated to adipose tissue 48 hours later using either a surgical blade or a 150-Watt continuous-wave CO2 laser deflected by an x-y galvanometric scanner that translated the beam over the tissue surface, removing 200 μm of tissue per scan. Both sites were immediately autografted and serially evaluated clinically and histologically for 180 days. Results The laser-treated sites were nearly bloodless. The mean residual thermal damage was 0.18 ± 0.05 mm. The mean graft take was 96 ± 11% in manual sites and 93 ± 8% in laser sites. On postoperative day 7, the thickness of granulation tissue at the graft-wound bed interface was greater in laser-debrided sites. By postoperative day 180, the manual and laser sites were histologically identical. Vancouver scar assessment revealed no differences in scarring at postoperative day 180. Conclusions Long-term scarring, based on Vancouver scar assessments and histologic evaluation, was equivalent at 6 months in laser-ablated and sharply excised sites. Should this technology become practical, the potential clinical implications include a reduction in surgical blood loss without sacrifice of immediate engraftment rates or long-term outcome.
Plasma cell dyscrasias and amyloidosis

The plasma cell dyscrasias and amyloidosis are distinct clinical entities that may co-exist. Both disease processes may present with manifestations in the head and neck, making familiarity with these conditions by otolaryngologists essential. Prompt diagnosis and evaluation for systemic disease are crucial in proper treatment planning.
Identification of a methoxynaphthalene scaffold as a core replacement in quinolizidinone amide M1 positive allosteric modulators

A series of methoxynaphthalene amides were prepared and evaluated as alternatives to quinolizidinone amide M1 positive allosteric modulators. A methoxy group was optimal for M1 activity and addressed key P-gp issues present in the aforementioned quinolizidinone amide series.
The fluorescence response of chlortetracycline-loaded human neutrophils is modulated by prostaglandin E1, but not by cyclic nucleotides

Abstract Human neutrophils preloaded with chlortetracycline, commonly used as a probe of membrane-bound calcium, demonstrate a prompt decrease in fluorescence when exposed to surface stimuli such as the chemotactic peptide fMet—Leu—Phe. The fluorescence response was highly sensitive to preincubation with prostaglandin E 1 . This effect was apparently not due to elevated levels of cAMP since exogenous dibutyryl-cAMP did not alter the chlortetracycline fluorescence response to fMet—Leu—Phe. This is one of the few instances of prostaglandin E 1 affecting neutrophils at physiologic concentrations, dissociated from changes in cellular cyclic nucleotide levels
Pivoting approaches for bulk extraction of Entity-Attribute-Value data

Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) data, as present in repositories of clinical patient data, must be transformed (pivoted) into one-column-per-parameter format before it can be used by a variety of analytical programs. Pivoting approaches have not been described in depth in the literature, and existing descriptions are dated. We describe and benchmark three alternative algorithms to perform pivoting of clinical data in the context of a clinical study data management system. We conclude that when the number of attributes to be returned is not too large, it is feasible to use static SQL as the basis for views on the data. An alternative but more complex approach that utilizes hash tables and the presence of abundant random-access-memory can achieve improved performance by reducing the load on the database server.
Income dynamics with a stationary double Pareto distribution.

Once controlled for the trend, the distribution of personal income appears to be double Pareto, a distribution that obeys the power law exactly in both the upper and the lower tails. I propose a model of income dynamics with a stationary distribution that is consistent with this fact. Using US male wage data for 1970--1993, I estimate the power law exponent in two ways---(i) from each cross section, assuming that the distribution has converged to the stationary distribution, and (ii) from a panel directly estimating the parameters of the income dynamics model---and obtain the same value of 8.4.
Effects of behavioral and medical models of consultation on teacher expectancies and instruction of a hypothetical child.

Abstract Sixty first- and second-grade teachers were randomly assigned to one of four conditions representing variations in consultation where they were required to teach a hypothetical child to add. The first condition involved face-to-face behavioral consultation in which the consultant cued a teacher to verbalize antecedent and consequent conditions that might affect learning and prompted the teacher to specify the kinds of capabilities that the child would need in order to master the academic task targeted for instruction. In the second type of behavioral consultation, face-to-face consultation was augmented by a task analysis report specifying prerequisite skills. The third type, medical model consultation, involved face-to-face consultation focusing on temporally remote environmental circumstances accompanied by a traditional psychological report specifying that the child was of low ability. The control group was asked general questions about the school. Results suggested that behavioral consultation with task analysis was associated with significantly more teaching success than was control, medical model, and behavioral consultation without task analysis. Moreover, behavioral consultation without task analysis was better than medical model consultation. Implications for psychoeducational assessment are discussed within the context of teacher expectations and instruction.
Geometrical entropy from loop quantum gravity

We adopt the point of view that (Riemannian) classical and (loop-based) quantum descriptions of geometry are macro- and microdescriptions in the usual statistical mechanical sense. This gives rise to the notion of geometrical entropy, which is defined as the logarithm of the number of different quantum states which correspond to one and the same classical geometry configuration (macrostate). We apply this idea to gravitational degrees of freedom induced on an arbitrarily chosen in space two-dimensional surface. Considering an ``ensemble'' of particularly simple quantum states, we show that the geometrical entropy $S(A)$ corresponding to a macrostate specified by a total area $A$ of the surface is proportional to the area $S(A)=\ensuremath{\alpha}A$, with $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ being approximately equal to $1/16\ensuremath{\pi}{l}_{P}^{2}.$ The result holds both for cases of open and closed surfaces. We discuss briefly physical motivations for our choice of the ensemble of quantum states.
Design and development of a latching micro optical switch

We will review the initial design and development of a first-of-its-kind latching micro optical switch that can be switched from one optical state to another utilizing thermal actuation. The device is designed to remain in one position or the other without the requirement for continuous external power to keep the switch in either state. The switch uses Deep Reactive Ion Etching to form the necessary structures required to move optical fibers from one position to another.