cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Pioneering Analysis: A Student Personnel Program for Higher Education

(1939). A Pioneering Analysis: A Student Personnel Program for Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 343-345.
Hypogonadism: The Relationship to Cardiometabolic Syndrome and the Controversy Behind Testosterone Replacement Therapy

Over one-third of men over the age of 45 years in the United States have defined testosterone deficiency based upon decreased serum testosterone levels and related symptoms. This clinical entity has been associated with specific sexual signs and symptoms including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and loss of spontaneous erections. It is also associated with cardiometabolic health and overall declining physical and cognitive function in the aging male. Yet no single sign or symptom defines testosterone deficiency. Substantial controversy exists relative to the benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy. This chapter will include a review of the integrated pathophysiology and the current guidelines for treatment of testosterone deficiency, as well as a detailed review of the current literature highlighting the relationship between testosterone and cardiometabolic syndrome and benefits versus risks of treatment. Additional comorbid disorders related to testosterone deficiency will also be discussed.
When Joseph met Zuleika – the theo-political underpinning of Joseph in Shlonsky's early poetry and its critique of the halutz ethos

ABSTRACTRabbinic, kabbalist and hasidic traditions perceive Joseph as an emblem of righteousness, a guardian of the Covenant, a symbol of Sefirat Yesod and a divine representation of the earthly zaddik. In various sources, Joseph's struggle with Zuleika, Potiphar's wife, is elevated to a mythological struggle of the righteous with the forces of evil, manifested as a seductive, demonic woman. Zuleika casts her net to capture Joseph and break the divine union of God and “Knesset Israel.” Avraham Shlonsky's account of the charged relationships between Joseph and Zuleika is a metaphor and a prism for his critical view of the Zionist-halutz ideology and its concepts of body, masculinity and sexuality. Reading Shlonsky's early poetry collected in the book titled Bagalgal (In the Wheel, 1927) while applying hermeneutical methods taken from the field of Jewish thought brings the array of references and allusions to Jewish traditional texts to the surface. These references range from the Bible through the Talmud a...
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia by Flavobacteriaceae in SICU and Their Drug Susceptibility

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristic and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) by Flavobacteriaceae in SICU and their antimicrobial susceptibility.METHODS The clinical data of 29 cases of VAP caused by Flavobacteriaceae in SICU and drug susceptibility were analyzed.Bacterial susceptibility testing was done by Microscan WalkAway40 and results were assessed according to NCCLS.RESULTS 83.4% Patients were older than 60; 96.6% accompanied with underlying diseases;the mean stay days in SICU and mechanical ventilation were 23.1±9.2 and 15.7±5.9 days before VAP;83% patients required at least once invasive measurements;all of the patients had been used with broad spectrum antibiotics for long time.Cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were the most sensitive agents against Flavobacteriaceae.CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of VAP by Flavobacteriaceae in SICU are old age,with underlying diseases,stay in ICU for long time,required invasive treatment and more than two weeks of ventilation.Cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be the best choice for this infection.
Profane Illuminations: Benny Profane, Herbert Stencil and Walter Benjamin's Flâneur

Walter Benjamin's seminal essay "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" (1936) addresses the confluence of representational art and twentieth-century technologies. Specifically, Benjamin sees the intrusion of technological apparatuses into the creation and reception of art as tending toward the alienation of both the creator and the audience. Pynchon's investigation in V. of the aura-divested, mirror-obsessed, decadent and inanimate world of "twentieth-century nightmare" can be read as a fictional treatment of the same concerns–mass production, alienation, loss of aura, fascism and politicized aesthetics. Benjamin concludes his essay by remarking that "Mankind, which in Homer'S time was an object of contemplation for the Olympian gods, now is one for itself. Its self-alienation has reached such a degree that it can experience its own destruction as an aesthetic pleasure of the first order." In V., where the inanimate intrudes into and threatens to take over the realm of the animate, such self-alienation lurks behind V's fetishism, Foppl's Siege Party, Rachel's auto-love and Esther's nose job, to mention only a few examples. A focus on image, appearance and materials fills the emptiness caused by the loss of contact with what it means to be human. As Itague says, "'A decadence … is a falling-away from what is human, and the further we fall the less human we become. Because we are less human, we foist off the humanity we have lost on inanimate objects and abstract theories.'" And as Fausto Maijstral confesses, "To have humanism we must first be convinced of our humanity. As we move further into decadence this becomes more difficult" (322).
Teens are from mars, adults are from venus: analyzing and predicting age groups with behavioral characteristics in instagram

We present behavioral characteristics of teens and adults in Instagram and prediction of them from their behaviors. Based on two independently created datasets from user profiles and tags, we identify teens and adults, and carry out comparative analyses on their online behaviors. Our study reveals: (1) significant behavioral differences between two age groups; (2) the empirical evidence of classifying teens and adults with up to 82% accuracy, using traditional predictive models, while two baseline methods achieve 68% at best; and (3) the robustness of our models by achieving 76%---81% when tested against an independent dataset obtained without using user profiles or tags. Our datasets are available at: https://goo.gl/LqTYNv
Using the red/yellow/green discharge tool to improve the timeliness of hospital discharges.

Article-at-a-Glance Background As part of Yale-New Haven Hospital (Connecticut)'s Safe Patient Flow Initiative, the physician leadership developed the Red/Yellow/Green (RYG) Discharge Tool, an electronic medical record–based prompt to identify likelihood of patients' next-day discharge: green (very likely), yellow (possibly), and red (unlikely). The tool's purpose was to enhance communication with nursing/care coordination and trigger earlier discharge steps for patients identified as "green" or "yellow." Methods Data on discharge assignments, discharge dates/times, and team designation were collected for all adult medicine patients discharged in October–December 2009 (Study Period 1) and October–December 2011 (Study Period 2), between which the tool's placement changed from the sign-out note to the daily progress note. Results In Study Period 1, 75.9% of the patients had discharge assignments, compared with 90.8% in Period 2 (p Conclusions The RYG Discharge Tool helped facilitate earlier discharges, but accuracy depends on placement in daily work flow and experience.
Kinetic evaluation of the pool sizes and proliferative response of neutrophils in bacterially challenged aging mice

Clinical observations during infection suggest that in aged patients, the kinetic or proliferative responses of neutrophils to infection may be deranged. To test this hypothesis, the neutrophil responses of 6- month-old and 30-month-old mice were compared. After intrapulmonary injection of Escherichia coli, young mice exhibited neutrophilia and diminution of the neutrophil storage pool (NSP) by a mean of 6.4 x 10(6) neutrophils/two femurs. This was accompanied by an increase in the pool of CFU-GM from a control value of 1.1 x 10(5) cells/two femurs (range 0.7 to 1.4) to 1.5 x 10(5) (1.1 to 1.9) (P less than .05) and the thymidine suicide (relative proliferative rate) of CFU-GM rose from 27% (19 to 42) to 51% (31 to 61) (P less than .05). Furthermore, the CFU-GM of infected young mice displayed enhanced differentiation to the neutrophil series. In contrast, old mice exhibited a greater mean diminution of the NSP: 12.8 x 10(6) neutrophils. Also, old mice experienced a reduction in CFU-GM from 2.3 x 10(5) (1.0 to 3.9) (controls) to 1.3 x 10(5) (1.2 to 1.5)/two femurs (P less than .05), a reduction in the proliferation of CFU-GM and reduced differentiation of CFU-GM to neutrophils. These experiments establish that the neutrophil response of infected old mice is disordered, with exaggerated depletion of the NSP and lack of stimulus-driven granulocytopoiesis as reflected by a paradoxical reduction in the number and proliferative rate of precursors. This defect may be compounded by decreased differentiation of precursors to neutrophils.
Recent advances in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Over the past 20 years, there has been an explosion in the development of therapeutics to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare but life-threatening disorder associated with progressive elevation of pulmonary pressures and severe right heart failure. Recently, the field has seen the introduction of riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, a new endothelin receptor antagonist (macitentan), and oral prostanoids (treprostinil and selexipag). Besides new drugs, there have been significant advances in defining the role of upfront combination therapy in treatment-naive patients as well as proposed methods to deliver systemic prostanoids by use of implantable pumps. In this review, we will touch upon the most important developments in PAH therapeutics over the last three years and how these have changed the guidelines for the treatment of PAH. These exciting developments herald a new era in the treatment of PAH which will be punctuated by the use of more clinically relevant endpoints in clinical research trials and a novel treatment paradigm that may involve upfront double- or triple-combination therapy. We anticipate that the future will make use of these strategies to test the efficacy of upcoming new drugs that aspire to reduce disease progression and improve survival in patients afflicted with this devastating disease.
Measurement of neurodevelopmental changes in children treated with radiation for brain tumors: what is a true 'baseline?'

AbstractObjective: To review the various ways in which baseline neuropsychological functioning is measured in the extant literature on pediatric brain tumors, describe the pros and cons of each approach, and increase the awareness of researchers as to the implications of each. Method: We reviewed the literature from 1993 to 2013, and classified studies by baseline approach and explicitness of selection of approach. Results: There are multiple approaches to operationalizing baseline levels of ability and to assess change from baseline. Each approach has strengths and weaknesses, and selection may depend on the question under investigation. Approaches to baseline estimation varied widely with a trend over time toward reliance on statistical modeling. Researchers were often insufficiently explicit about the reasons for adopting a particular approach. The common use of standardized scores requires caution as they obscure critical inferential limitations about change and magnitude of change. Some viable approa...
Sex Differences in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Adults: Who Deserves Our Attention, Men or Women?

> The cock may crow, but it’s the hen who lays the egg. > > —Proverb quoted by Margaret Thatcher The clinical holy grail of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) condition has centered on reconciling its heterogeneous valvulo-aortopathy phenotypes with its associated clinical outcomes, which are also exceedingly heterogenous.1 With that intent, and based on the premise that “gender differences in BAV patients have not been extensively studied,” Kong et al2 in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging present an important multicenter cross-sectional analysis of associations between BAV valvulo-aortopathy phenotypes and sex within a large 1992-patient tertiary cohort. The authors must be congratulated for this multicenter international effort and for defining the baseline morphological valvular and aortopathy phenotypes for each patient within such a large cohort. The authors then report sex-specific phenotypic and morbidity associations. However, their study seems to fall short at the result interpretation level in relation to the context of prior existing research. In addition, the potential clinical implications of their findings may not be as simple as discussed. We recently reported a comprehensive, single-center, long-term clinical follow-up assessment of sex differences and survival in BAV adults where sex-specific morbidity and mortality patterns were verified in 3 different contemporary BAV adult cohorts3: A 416-patient community cohort, a 2824-patient tertiary-referral cohort, and a 2242-patient aortic valve replacement (AVR)-referral cohort (Table). Of these cohorts, the tertiary one is of particular interest because it compares methodologically to the cohort presented by Kong et al.2 See Article by Kong et al View this table: Table. Main Findings and Comparison Between 3 Contemporary Studies Addressing Sex Differences in BAV Adults Available data suggest that there are no significant associations between BAV phenotypes and sex, at least within large contemporary studies in adults,2–4 a notion that could differ in children. In their …
Computed tomographic precision rate-of-passage assay without a fasting period in broilers: More precise foundation for targeting the releasing time of encapsulated products

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a precision-fed rate-of-passage assay using iodinated contrast as an indigestible marker in broiler chickens. In this experiment, twenty-two Cobb-Cobb male broilers were obtained on the day of hatch and fed a standard corn-soybean meal starter diet until day 21. All birds were then orally gavaged 3 g of feed mixed with 2 ml of iodinated contrast. Two birds were selected for collection of the gastrointestinal tract (gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ceca, and colon) at 0:15, 0:30, 0:45, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00 h post-gavage. A computed tomographic exam of the intestinal tract was conducted to determine the location and percentage of each intestinal segment which contained the admixed contrast and feed. Results indicated that feed entered the gizzard extremely fast after the gavage (less than 0:15 h). The marked feed left the gizzard between the 0:15 and 0:30 h time points and was shown in both the duodenum and jejunum after 0:30 h. We found 67.3% of the duodenum and 48.4% of the jejunum containing the iodinated contrast at 0:30 h time point. After 1:30 to 2:00 h, feed reached the ileum. We found 63.5% of the colon length was occupied with iodinated contrast after 2:30 h, and the contrast was found in ceca 4:00 h after the gavage. The enteric cavity was virtually cleared of the iodinated contrast between the 4:00 to 6:00 h time points, except for a few spots still in the gizzard and ceca. These results indicate that the rate-of-passage can be easily determined in young broilers by using iodinated contrast as a marker without fasting the birds. The digestive time for feed passing through the anterior digestive tract in broiler chickens is less than 2:30 h, with feed arriving at the ceca at 3:00 to 4:00 h. Most of the feed is digested 4:00 to 5:00 h after consumption.
6 Initial palliation of tetralogy of fallot: comparison between BT shunt and RVOT stent

Background Neonatal repair of symptomatic infants with Fallot-type(ToF) lesions remains the exception in the UK. Initial palliation can be achieved by creation of a BT shunt, or RVOT stenting. Aims To compare the outcome of BTS and RVOT stent in the palliation of TOF. Methods 10 year retrospective review of the outcome of 101 ToF patients who required initial palliation (RVOT stent n=60; BTS n=41) prior to complete repair. Detailed assessment of PA growth in patients with comparable underlying anatomy. Results In the RVOT stent group vs the BT shunt group, there was a lower PICU admission rate (22% vs 100%) (p Conclusions RVOT stenting is a safe and effective palliation in the initial treatment of infants with symptomatic Fallot-type lesions and promotes pulmonary artery growth.
Corticosteroid and Long‐Acting ß‐Agonist Therapy Reduces Epithelial Goblet Cell Metaplasia

Background Bronchial epithelial goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) with hyperplasia is a prominent feature of asthma, but the effects of treatment with corticosteroids alone or in combination with a long-acting β2 -adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) on GCM in the bronchial epithelium are unknown. Objectives To determine whether corticosteroid alone or in combination with a LABA alters protein and gene expression pathways associated with IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Results We evaluated the effects of fluticasone propionate (FP) and of salmeterol (SM), on the response of well-differentiated cultured bronchial epithelial cells to interleukin-13 (IL-13). Outcome measures included gene expression of SPDEF/FOXa2, gene expression and protein production of MUC5AC/MUC5B and morphologic appearance of cultured epithelial cell sheets. We additionally analysed expression of these genes in bronchial epithelial brushings from healthy, steroid-naive asthmatic and steroid-treated asthmatic subjects. In cultured airway epithelial cells, FP treatment inhibited IL-13-induced suppression of FOXa2 gene expression and up-regulation of SPDEF, alterations in gene and protein measures of MUC5AC and MUC5B and induction of GCM. The addition of SM synergistically modified the effects of FP modestly-only for gel-forming mucin MUC5AC. In bronchial epithelial cells recovered from asthmatic vs healthy human subjects, we found FOXa2 and MUC5B gene expression to be reduced and SPDEF and MUC5AC gene expression to be increased; these alterations were not observed in bronchial epithelial cells recovered after treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Conclusion and clinical relevance Corticosteroid treatment inhibits IL-13-induced GCM of the airways in asthma, possibly through its effects on SPDEF and FOXa2 regulation of mucin gene expression. These effects are modestly augmented by the addition of a long-acting s-agonist. As we found evidence for drug treatment counteracting the effects of IL-13 on the epithelium, we conclude that further exploration into the mechanisms by which corticosteroids and long-acting β2 -adrenergic agonists confer protection against pathologic airway changes is warranted.
Auditory Percepts, Mental Images, and Hypnotic Hallucinations: Similarities and Differences in Auditory Evoked Potentials

In past research, percepts, images, and hallucinations have been shown to have similar sensory and physiological underpinnings, but different cognitive effects. In the present psychophysiological study of these sensory similarities and cognitive differences, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were obtained (a) while 12 select subjects mentally imaged the evoking tone as louder versus softer, and (b) while they hypnotically hallucinated the evoking tone as louder versus softer. The results of this study indicate that eidetically imaged loudness versus softness and hypnotically hallucinated loudness versus softness, like perceived loudness versus softness, affect the amplitude of early “sensory” components in the AEP. The results also indicate that imaged loudness and softness affect a later “image-monitoring” component in the left-hemisphere AEP, whereas hallucinated loudness and softness—like perceived loudness and softness—do not affect this later component.
Estimating Z-Pinch Computing Resources

The Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories produces high energy density environments. Computer simulations of the experiments provide key insights and help make the most efficient use of the facility. This document estimates the computer resources needed in order to support the experimental program. The resource estimate is what we would like to have in about five years and assumes that we will have a robust, scalable simulation capability as well as enough physicists to run the simulations.
Accelerated core collapse in tidally stripped self-interacting dark matter halos

We use a semianalytic approach that is calibrated to N-body simulations to study the evolution of self-interacting dark matter cores in galaxies. We demarcate the regime where the temporal evolution of the core density follows a well-defined track set by the initial halo parameters and the cross section. Along this track, the central density reaches a minimum value set by the initial halo density. Further evolution leads to an outward heat transfer, inducing gravothermal core collapse such that the core shrinks as its density increases. We show that the timescale for the core collapse is highly sensitive to the outer radial density profile. Satellite galaxies with significant mass loss due to tidal stripping should have larger central densities and significantly faster core collapse compared to isolated halos. Such a scenario could explain the dense and compact cores of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group like Tucana (isolated from the Milky Way), the classical Milky Way satellite Draco, and some of the ultrafaint satellites. If the ultimate fate of core collapse is black hole formation, then the accelerated timescale provides a new mechanism for creating intermediate-mass black holes.
Flap Reconstruction of Gastrointestinal-to-Genitourinary Fistulas: A 20-Year Experience

Background Gastrointestinal-to-genitourinary fistulas may occur secondary to obstetric complications, radiation therapy, cancer without radiation, inflammatory bowel disease, or previous surgery. Flap reconstruction is useful for complex cases refractory to standard techniques, separating the fistula tracts to aid healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate outcomes and risk factors for complications in flap reconstruction of fistulas from several different etiologies performed over a 20-year period. Methods All patients who underwent flap reconstruction between January 1995 and December 2014 were reviewed. Patient demographics, prior treatment failures, surgical indications, and comorbidities were obtained. Operative and postoperative data were collected, including flap type, length of stay, early and late complications, recurrences, and follow-up time. Operative success was defined as definitive treatment of the fistula without recurrence within 6 months. Results There were 59 patients who underwent 66 reconstructions. The overall complication rate was 59.1%. Complications included infection (21%), dehiscence (17%), and partial flap loss (1.5%). Operative success rate was 51.5%. Smoking history (p = 0.021) and body mass index (BMI) > 35 (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with increased likelihood of postoperative complications following flap reconstruction in these patients. Additionally, fistulas due to cancer resections had a higher likelihood of postoperative complications compared with fistulas due to bowel disease or obstetric complications (p = 0.04). Conclusion Flap reconstruction can be successfully used for complex or refractory gastrointestinal-to-genitourinary fistulas. However, considerable complication and recurrence rates were found in this population. Patients with a BMI > 35 and a history of smoking were at greatest risk in this cohort of experiencing postoperative complications.
MISS-CONCEPTIONS: ABORTIFACIENTS, REGULATORY FAILURE, AND POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY

Overwhelming scientific evidence shows that the public understanding of Plan B and other emergency contraceptives as “abortifacient,” or abortion-inducing, is incorrect. The FDA, the federal courts, and the executive branch compound and entrench this misunderstanding by using it as a foundation for contraceptive law and policy. This Note traces the development and consequences of this collective error. Critically, our misunderstanding has blurred the distinction between contraception and abortion, shifting contraception into the morally-contested space that abortion occupies. Failure to reckon with the reality of contraception science has shaped women’s access to reproductive care, contraceptive stigma, the culture wars, and law.
Bilateral ovarian torsion with ovarian fusion in the setting of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case report

Abstract Background Adnexal torsion requires a high degree of suspicion in women presenting with pelvic pain. Polycystic ovaries are an infrequent cause of ovarian torsion but should be considered in cases without adnexal masses. Case A 25-year-old woman had a delayed diagnosis of adnexal torsion due to polycystic ovaries despite typical presentation and imaging. A unique finding was ovarian fusion; separation was required in order to resolve the torsion. Oophoropexy was performed to prevent the recurrence of torsion. Conclusion Ovarian torsion should be suspected in the setting of abdominal pain, enlarged polycystic ovaries, and absent adnexal blood flow on ultrasound. This case demonstrates the resilience of the adnexa and the highly variable time to necrosis in the setting of torsion.
Surface morphology and straight crack generation of ultrafast laser irradiated β-Ga2O3

Single crystal (010) β-Ga2O3 was irradiated by a Ti:sapphire ultrafast laser (150 fs pulse width) with varying fluences and a number of pulses in air ambient. Femtosecond laser-induced damage threshold of β-Ga2O3 is reported. Single pulse exposure results in surface morphological changes above a threshold laser fluence of 1.11 J/cm2. Laser-induced straight cracks aligned to the [001] crystallographic direction are observed in the laser irradiated regions, which are believed to be caused by laser-induced thermal stress, due to the unique low thermal conductivity and anisotropy associated with β-Ga2O3. Multiple pulse irradiation below the single pulse damage threshold fluence exhibited the formation of high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures. Electron backscattering diffraction and Raman spectroscopy suggested that there was no apparent phase transition of the irradiated β-Ga2O3 material for either single pulse or multiple pulse irradiation. This work serves as a starting point to further understanding the material properties of β-Ga2O3 and to unlock the potential for ultrafast laser material processing of β-Ga2O3.Single crystal (010) β-Ga2O3 was irradiated by a Ti:sapphire ultrafast laser (150 fs pulse width) with varying fluences and a number of pulses in air ambient. Femtosecond laser-induced damage threshold of β-Ga2O3 is reported. Single pulse exposure results in surface morphological changes above a threshold laser fluence of 1.11 J/cm2. Laser-induced straight cracks aligned to the [001] crystallographic direction are observed in the laser irradiated regions, which are believed to be caused by laser-induced thermal stress, due to the unique low thermal conductivity and anisotropy associated with β-Ga2O3. Multiple pulse irradiation below the single pulse damage threshold fluence exhibited the formation of high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures. Electron backscattering diffraction and Raman spectroscopy suggested that there was no apparent phase transition of the irradiated β-Ga2O3 material for either single pulse or multiple pulse irradiation. This work serves as a starting point to f...
Engineered Th17 cell differentiation using a photo-activatable immune modulator

Abstract T helper 17 (Th17) cells, an important subset of CD4+ T cells, help to eliminate extracellular infectious pathogens that have invaded our tissues. Despite the critical roles of Th17 cells in immunity, how the immune system regulates the production and maintenance of this cell type remains poorly understood. In particular, the plasticity of these cells, or their dynamic ability to trans-differentiate into other CD4+ T cell subsets, remains mostly uncharacterized. Here, we report a synthetic immunology approach using a photo-activatable immune modulator (PIM) to increase Th17 cell differentiation on demand with spatial and temporal precision to help elucidate this important and dynamic process. In this chemical strategy, we developed a latent agonist that, upon photochemical activation, releases a small-molecule ligand that targets the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and ultimately induces Th17 cell differentiation. We used this chemical tool to control AhR activation with spatiotemporal precision within cells and to modulate Th17 cell differentiation on demand by using UV light illumination. We envision that this approach will enable an understanding of the dynamic functions and behaviors of Th17 cells in vivo during immune responses and in mouse models of inflammatory disease.
Acceptability of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among HIV positive smokers.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have the potential to help smokers living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to reduce harms from tobacco use. However, little is known about ENDS use among PLWHA. Th...
Investigating the effect of metal powder recycling in Electron beam Powder Bed Fusion using process log data

Abstract Recycling metal powders in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) process is an important consideration in affordability with reference to traditional manufacturing. Metal powder recyclability has been studied before with respect to change in chemical composition of powders, effect on mechanical properties of produced parts, effect on flowability of powders and powder morphology. However, these studies involve ex situ characterization of powders after many use cycles. In this paper, we propose a data-driven method to understand in situ behavior of recycled powder on the build platform. Our method is based on comprehensive analysis of log file data from various sensors used in the process of printing metal parts in the Arcam Electron Beam Melting (EBM) ® system. Using rake position data and rake sensor pulse data collected during Arcam builds, we found that Inconel 718 powders exhibit additional powder spreading operations with increased reuse cycles compared to Ti-6Al-4V powders. We substantiate differences found in in situ behavior of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 powders using known sintering behavior of the two powders. The novelty of this work lies in the new approach to understanding powder behavior especially spreadability using in situ log file data that is regularly collected in Arcam EBM® builds rather than physical testing of parts and powders post build. In addition to studying powder recyclability, the proposed methodology has potential to be extended generically to monitor powder behavior in AM processes.
Priests and Prophets in the Home: Cotton Mather and Parental Prayer:

The theme of “family religion” has been a staple of Puritan historiography. Yet while scholars have traced many dimensions of family devotional life, they have largely neglected the role of prayer ...
Evolution in microstructure and hardness of Titanium–Zirconium–Molybdenum (TZM) alloy after depth marker implantation for erosion diagnostic in fusion devices

Abstract A depth marker by ion implantation has been used for analysis of erosion on plasma-facing materials in fusion experiments. To assess the impact of ion implantation on the surface properties of these materials under investigation, Titanium–Zirconium–Molybdenum (TZM) alloy was irradiated with 4.8 MeV F3+ ions up to 1.04 × 1017 cm−2 at 330 °C, achieving a depth marker centroid at ~1.5 μm. After implantation, there is no significant change in microstructure and surface roughness under these implantation conditions, which were used for samples positioned on the high field side in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device for erosion analysis. Nanoindentation measurements indicate an increase in hardness from ~5.5 GPa to ~6.6 GPa in the first 300 nm of the surface, within the eroded zone over a full years experimental campaign. Within 1.5 μm of the surface, where the damage from the ion beam is expected to be generated, the microstructure of implanted TZM shows a large number of dislocation lines (i.e. 1.0 × 109 dislocations/mm2), determined from TEM analysis, which can account for the increase in hardness of implanted TZM. These changes due to the ion implantation, though minor, should be considered when using ion implanted depth markers for erosion measurements of plasma-facing materials.
Distinct and dementia-related synaptopathy in the hippocampus after military blast exposures

Explosive shockwaves, and other types of blast exposures, are linked to injuries commonly associated with military service and to an increased risk for the onset of dementia. Neurological complications following a blast injury, including depression, anxiety, and memory problems, often persist even when brain damage is undetectable. Here, hippocampal explants were exposed to the explosive 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) to identify indicators of blast-induced changes within important neuronal circuitries. Highly controlled detonations of small, 1.7-gram RDX spherical charges reduced synaptic markers known to be downregulated in cognitive disorders, but without causing overt neuronal loss or astroglial responses. In the absence of neuromorphological alterations, levels of synaptophysin, GluA1, and synapsin IIb were significantly diminished within 24 hr, and these synaptic components exhibited progressive reductions following blast exposure as compared to their stable maintenance in control explants. In contrast, labeling of the synapsin IIa isoform remained unaltered, while neuropilar staining of other markers decreased, including synapsin IIb and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) isoforms, along with evidence of NCAM proteolytic breakdown. NCAM180 displayed a distinct decline after the RDX blasts, whereas NCAM140 and NCAM120 exhibited smaller or no deterioration, respectively. Interestingly, the extent of synaptic marker reduction correlated with AT8-positive tau levels, with tau pathology stochastically found in CA1 neurons and their dendrites. The decline in synaptic components was also reflected in the size of evoked postsynaptic currents recorded from CA1 pyramidals, which exhibited a severe and selective reduction. The identified indicators of blast-mediated synaptopathy point to the need for early biomarkers of explosives altering synaptic integrity with links to dementia risk, to advance strategies for both cognitive health and therapeutic monitoring.
Do Changes in Synaptic Autophagy Underlie the Cognitive Impairments in Huntington’s Disease?

Although Huntington's disease (HD) is classically considered from the perspective of the motor syndrome, the cognitive changes in HD are prominent and often an early manifestation of disease. As such, investigating the underlying pathophysiology of cognitive changes may give insight into important and early neurodegenerative events. In this review, we first discuss evidence from both HD patients and animal models that cognitive changes correlate with early pathological changes at the synapse, an observation that is similarly made in other neurodegenerative conditions that primarily affect cognition. We then describe how autophagy plays a critical role supporting synaptic maintenance in the healthy brain, and how autophagy dysfunction in HD may thereby lead to impaired synaptic maintenance and thus early manifestations of disease.
The Viability of SARS-COV-2 on Solid Surfaces.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on life in 2020 and 2021. One method of transmission occurs when the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, contaminates solids. Understanding and controlling the interaction with solids is thus potentially important for limiting the spread of the disease. We review work that describes the prevalence of the virus on common objects, the longevity of the virus on solids, and surface coatings that are designed to inactivate the virus. Engineered coatings have already succeeded in producing a large reduction in viral infectivity from surfaces. We also review work describing inactivation on facemasks and clothing and discuss probable mechanisms of inactivation of the virus at surfaces.
Unsaturated hemiwicking dynamics on surfaces with irregular roughness.

Abstract Hypothesis Spreading of wetting liquids on rough surfaces can occur in a regime termed hemiwicking in which liquid advances ahead of the bulk liquid droplet front under the influence of capillary forces induced by the surface topography. When the surface topography is periodic as in the case for micropillar arrays, the wetting front is sharp and models describing the wetting dynamics can be derived directly from the periodic geometry. For materials with a highly irregular surface topography, the wetting front is diffuse and deriving analytical spreading model parameters directly from the surface topography is not generally possible. Experiments In this work, a previously published model for liquid spreading on thin porous materials is modified to incorporate unsaturated spreading ahead of the bulk liquid droplet using Richards equation. The permeability, K, and capillary pressure, pc, of the liquid in the surface roughness are the primary model parameters describing the spreading dynamics in Richards equation. These are determined by fitting to one-dimensional spreading experiments of silicone oil on a polyurethane-based paint coating with roughness on the scale of microns. Findings The resulting predictions of spreading dynamics for droplets with different initial sizes is good. It is also shown that reasonable model parameters can also be determined from the irregular surface topography by spatial filtering over 10 µm wavelength increments covering the range 10–500 µm. Approximate periodic micropillar arrays are defined from the filtered topography for each wavelength increment, enabling analytical estimates of the permeability and capillary pressure. Although using only the surface topography results in somewhat less accurate predictions, the savings in experimental and computational effort make it an attractive method for determining spreading model parameters.
Change in central nervous system-active medication use following fall-related injury in older adults

Background Central nervous system (CNS)-active medication use is an important modifiable risk factor for falls in older adults. A fall-related injury should prompt providers to evaluate and reduce CNS-active medications to prevent recurrent falls. We evaluated change in CNS-active medications up to 12 months following a fall-related injury in community-dwelling older adults compared with a matched cohort without fall-related injury. Methods Participants were from the Adult Changes in Thought study conducted at Kaiser Permanente Washington. Fall-related injury codes between 1994 and 2014 defined index encounters in participants with no evidence of such injuries in the preceding year. We matched each fall-related injury index encounter with up to five randomly selected clinical encounters from participants without injury. Using automated pharmacy data, we estimated the average change in CNS-active medication use at 3, 6, and 12 months post-index according to the presence or absence of CNS-active medication use before index. Results One thousand five hundred sixteen participants with fall-related injury index encounters (449 CNS-active users, 1067 nonusers) were matched to 7014 index encounters from people without fall-related injuries (1751 users, 5236 nonusers). Among CNS-active users at the index encounter, those with fall-related injury had an average decrease in standard daily doses (SDDs) at 12 months (-0.43; 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.23), and those without injury had a greater (p = 0.047) average decrease (-0.66; 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.55). Among nonusers at index, those with fall-related injury had a smaller increase than those without injury (+0.17, 95% CI: +0.13 to +0.21, vs. +0.24, 95% CI: +0.20 to +0.28, p = 0.005). Conclusions The differences in CNS-active medication use change over 12 months between those with and without fall-related injury were small and unlikely to be clinically significant. These results suggest that fall risk-increasing drug use is not reduced following a fall-related injury, thus opportunities exist to reduce CNS-active medications, a potentially modifiable risk factor for falls.
Sensitivity of tropical intraseasonal variability to the pattern of climate warming

[1] An aquaplanet general circulation model is used to assess the sensitivity of intraseasonal variability to the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) warming. Three warming patterns are used. Projected SST warming at the end of the 21st century from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model 2.1 is one pattern, and zonally symmetric and globally uniform versions of this warming perturbation that have the same global mean SST change are the other two. Changes in intraseasonal variability are sensitive to the pattern of SST warming, with significant decreases in Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO)-timescale precipitation and wind variability for a zonally symmetric warming, and significant increases in MJO precipitation amplitude for a globally uniform warming. The amplitude of the wind variability change does not scale directly with precipitation, but is instead mediated by increased tropical dry static stability associated with SST warming. The patterned SST simulations have a zonal mean SST warming that maximizes on the equator, which fosters increased equatorial boundary layer convergence and also increases equatorial SST relative to the rest of the tropics. Both factors support increased convection, reflected in reduced gross moist stability (GMS). Mean precipitation is decreased and GMS is increased in the off-equatorial Eastern Hemisphere near 10°S in the patterned warming simulations, where the strongest MJO-related intraseasonal precipitation variability is preferred in both the model and observations. It is argued that future changes in MJO activity may be sensitive to the pattern of SST warming, although these results should not be interpreted as a prediction of how MJO activity will change in future climate.
Attitudes Toward Women, 1970–1995 A Meta-Analysis

The social climate for women has changed considerably since the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS; Spence & Helmreich, 1972a) was developed in the early 1970s, but the pattern of change in AWS scores throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s is unclear. Published reports of data from 71 samples of American undergraduates responding to the AWS were located and analyzed for differences across time (1970–1995) and region (South and non-South). Women's AWS scores were strongly correlated with year of scale administration (r = .78, p < .001), and men's scores showed a similar trend toward more liberal/feminist attitudes (r = .60, p < .001). Scores show a steady trend toward more liberal/feminist attitudes, with no appreciable reversal or slowdown during the 1980s. Gender differences steadily increased from 1970 to 1985 and decreased from 1986 to 1995. Southern samples were marginally more conservative/traditional. The results are discussed in terms of generational differences, the effects of maternal employment o...
When mothers are better than fathers

in-cludesareportongraftsurvivalfollowingliving-relatedlivertransplantation for biliary atresia, showing that the rate ofgraftfailurefortransplantsperformedwithmaternaldonorsis less than half that for grafts from paternal donors, with asimilartrendseeninepisodesofrejection(1).Theseresultshaveinterestingimplicationsondonorcounselingforbiliaryatresia recipients, as well as on the disease process under-lying biliary atresia, and on our developing understandingof tolerance in solid organ transplantation.About 70–80% of infants with biliary atresia will eventu-ally require liver transplantation, and biliary atresia remainsthemostcommonindicationforlivertransplantationinchil-dren.Withworseningdeceaseddonororganshortages,in-terestincreasinglyturnstolivingdonation,especiallywhenoutcomes are often better with the latter. Blood type com-patibility, size, psychosocial factors and anatomy all play arole in selecting a living liver donor, when one has moreleeway in choice and timing than when making the deci-sion to accept a deceased donor liver. However, there haspreviously been no evidence supporting a preference formothersoverfathers,andwhateverthemechanismunder-lying better graft survival with maternal donors, this newﬁnding should be taken into account both in counselingfamilies and in selecting donors.Transplant physicians may also want to consider whethera biliary atresia recipient’s donor was the mother or thefather in managing immunosuppression. This study founda nearly fourfold increase in biopsy-proven refractory rejec-tionwithpaternaldonorscomparedtomaternaldonors(1).This was not quite statistically signiﬁcant, likely becausethis portion of the study included only 34 events, but isbuttressed by other studies showing persistent maternalmicrochimerism in children with biliary atresia (2) and thenotion that microchimerism is associated with tolerance toantigens carried by the donor cells. A child with biliary atre-sia and persistent maternal microchimerism may alreadybe tolerized pretransplant to non-inherited maternal anti-gens by maternal cells crossing over the placenta into thefetal circulation while
Interest-Based Mining and Modeling of Big Mobile Networks

Usage of mobile wireless Internet has grown very fast in recent years. This radical change in availability of Internet has led to communication of big amount of data over mobile networks raising new challenges and opportunities for modeling of mobile Internet characteristics. While the traditional approach toward network modeling suggests finding a generic traffic model for the whole network, in this paper, we show that this approach does not provide enough accuracy for big mobile networks. We show that user interest acquired based on accessed domains and visited locations has a significant effect on traffic characteristics of big mobile networks. Our case study based on a big dataset including billions of netflow record collected from a campus-wide wireless mobile network reveals the fact that domains and locations showing similar point of interests (e.g. domains of news agencies or locations of fraternities) mostly follow similar types of traffic distributions. For this purpose, we utilize a novel graph-based approach based on KS-test. We also show that interest-based modeling of big mobile networks based on visited domains and locations can significantly improve the accuracy and reduce the KS distances by factor of 5 comparing to the generic approach.