cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water-Enhanced Low-Temperature CO Oxidation and Isotope Effects on Atomic Oxygen-Covered Au(111)

Water-oxygen interactions and CO oxidation by water on the oxygen-precovered Au(111) surface were studied by using molecular beam scattering techniques, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Water thermally desorbs from the clean Au(111) surface with a peak temperature of approximately 155 K; however, on a surface with preadsorbed atomic oxygen, a second water desorption peak appears at approximately 175 K. DFT calculations suggest that hydroxyl formation and recombination are responsible for this higher temperature desorption feature. TPD spectra support this interpretation by showing oxygen scrambling between water and adsorbed oxygen adatoms upon heating the surface. In further support of these experimental findings, DFT calculations indicate rapid diffusion of surface hydroxyl groups at temperatures as low as 75 K. Regarding the oxidation of carbon monoxide, if a C (16)O beam impinges on a Au(111) surface covered with both atomic oxygen ( (16)O) and isotopically labeled water (H 2 (18)O), both C (16)O (16)O and C (16)O (18)O are produced, even at surface temperatures as low as 77 K. Similar experiments performed by impinging a C (16)O beam on a Au(111) surface covered with isotopic oxygen ( (18)O) and deuterated water (D 2 (16)O) also produce both C (16)O (16)O and C (16)O (18)O but less than that produced by using (16)O and H 2 (18)O. These results unambiguously show the direct involvement and promoting role of water in CO oxidation on oxygen-covered Au(111) at low temperatures. On the basis of our experimental results and DFT calculations, we propose that water dissociates to form hydroxyls (OH and OD), and these hydroxyls react with CO to produce CO 2. Differences in water-oxygen interactions and oxygen scrambling were observed between (18)O/H 2 (16)O and (18)O/D 2 (16)O, the latter producing less scrambling. Similar differences were also observed in water reactivity toward CO oxidation, in which less CO 2 was produced with (16)O/D 2 (16)O than with (16)O/H 2 (16)O. These differences are likely due to primary kinetic isotope effects due to the differences in O-H and O-D bond energies.
Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology

Perinatal mental illness is a significant complication of pregnancy and the postpartum period. These disorders include depression, anxiety disorders, and postpartum psychosis, which usually manifests as bipolar disorder. Perinatal depression and anxiety are common, with prevalence rates for major and minor depression up to almost 20% during pregnancy and the first 3 months postpartum. Postpartum blues are a common but lesser manifestation of postpartum affective disturbance. Perinatal psychiatric disorders impair a woman's function and are associated with suboptimal development of her offspring. Risk factors include past history of depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder, as well psychosocial factors, such as ongoing conflict with the partner, poor social support, and ongoing stressful life events. Early symptoms of depression, anxiety, and mania can be detected through screening in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Early detection and effective management of perinatal psychiatric disorders are critical for the welfare of women and their offspring.
Regeneration of specific innervation in Xenopus pectoralis muscle.

SUMMARY We investigated the motor unit organization and precision of reinnervation in the Xenopus pectoralis muscle following different manipulations, including crush or section of the posterior pectoralis nerve, foreign nerve innervation, and crush coupled with activity modulation or block. Most fibers have two neuromuscular junctions, and multielectrode recordings were used to identify the axonal origin of all inputs to both junctions on most or all fibers covering about 25% of the muscle surface. Following simple nerve crush, a highly organized innervation pattern was restored, indistinguishable from the normal pattern, including selective innervation of fibers of similar input resistance (&), compact motor unit organization, and high incidence of exclusive innervation of both end plates on each fiber by the same axon (distributed mononeuronal innervation, or a/a pattern). Initial reinnervation was equally precise when nerve conduction in the regenerating nerve was blocked by tetrodotoxin. More distant or repeated nerve crush or nerve section delayed and reduced the precision of reinnervation, but the majority of fibers still received input to both end plates by the same axon, often in combination with others. A foreign nerve, the pectoralis sternalis, which in its own muscle forms only single end plates, showed less precise reinnervation, but still had an incidence of ala innervation far above chance. These data imply the expression and recognition of remarkably precise chemospecific cues even in mature animals, superimposed on which is a further refinement by synapse elimination, probably based on an activity-dependent process. 0 1996 John Wiiey
Hepatic iron accumulation in copper-deficient rats.

1. Studies of anaemia and tissue iron distribution were carried out in copper-deficient rats and pair-fed control animals given Fe orally or parenterally in varying doses.2. The anaemia of Cu deficiency was partially but incompletely corrected by oral Fe supplementation of one-to five-fold normal dietary levels or by intramuscular Fe supplementation.3. Serum Fe increased in Cu-deficient animals as the dose of supplemental Fe was increased.4. Hepatic Fe accumulation occurred in Cu-deficient rats which were administered with either oral Fe in two-to five-fold excess or low doses of intramuscular Fe. This difference was not seen in animals receiving high doses of intramuscular Fe, but similar relativedifferences were seen in Cu-deficient and Cu-replete rats which had been given no Fe supplementation.5. Duodenal Fe was not increased in Cu deficiency. Bone marrow Fe was present in Cu-deficient animals receiving either parenteral or oral Fe supplementation.6. Present studies suggest that a decrease in caeruloplasmin (EC 1. 16. 3. 1) activity does not wholly explain the anaemia of Cu deficiency.Fe accumulation may be restricted to the liver, suggesting that Cu may be required for normal intracellular Fe metabolism.
Involvement of the Switch 2 Domain of Ras in Its Interaction with Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

While Ras proteins are activated by stimulated GDP release, which enables acquisition of the active GTP-bound state, little is known about how guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with Ras to promote this exchange reaction. Here we report that mutations within the switch 2 domain of Ras (residues 62-69) inhibit activation of Ras by the mammalian GEFs, Sos1, and GRF/CDC25Mm. While mutations in the 62-69 region blocked upstream activation of Ras, they did not disrupt Ras effector functions, including transcriptional activation and transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Biochemical analysis indicated that the loss of GEF responsiveness of a Ras(69N) mutant was due to a loss of GEF binding, with no change in intrinsic nucleotide exchange activity. Furthermore, structural analysis of Ras(69N) using NMR spectroscopy indicated that mutation of residue 69 had a very localized effect on Ras structure that was limited to α-helix 2 of the switch 2 domain. Together, these results suggest that the switch 2 domain of Ras forms a direct interaction with GEFs.
Impact of police-reported intimate partner violence during pregnancy on birth outcomes.

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship of police-reported intimate partner violence during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Methods We conducted a population-based, retrospective, cohort study in Seattle, Washington, using Seattle police data and Washington State birth certificate files from January 1995 through September 1999. Exposed subjects were women with an intimate partner violence incident reported to police during pregnancy and who subsequently had a singleton live birth or fetal death registered in the state of Washington. Unexposed subjects were randomly selected Seattle residents with a singleton live birth or fetal death in the same time period and who did not report an incident. The main outcome measures were low birth weight (LBW less than 2500 g), very LBW (VLBW less than 1500 g), preterm birth (20–36 weeks’ gestation), very preterm birth (20–31 weeks), and neonatal death (before discharge). Results Women reporting any partner violence during pregnancy were significantly more likely to have a LBW infant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 2.40), a VLBW infant (aOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.32, 4.91), a preterm birth (aOR 1.61; 95% CI 1.14, 2.28), a very preterm birth (aOR 3.71; 95% CI 1.80, 7.63), and a neonatal death (aOR 3.49; 95% CI 1.43, 8.50). Conclusion Police-reported partner violence during pregnancy is significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. There is a critical need to identify pregnancy among women with reported incidents and to provide women health and social service information and referrals, particularly referrals to high-risk pregnancy programs.
Cereal genes similar to Snf2 define a new subfamily that includes human and mouse genes

Genes from the SNF2 family play important roles in transcriptional regulation, maintenance of chromosome integrity and DNA repair. This study describes the molecular cloning and characterization of cereal genes from this family. The predicted proteins exhibit a novel C-terminal domain that defines a new subfamily designated SNF2P that includes human and mouse proteins. Comparison between genomic and cDNA sequences showed that cereal Snf2P genes consisted of 17 exons, including one only 8 bp long. Two barley alleles differed by the presence of a 7.7-kb non-LTR retrotransposon in intron 6. An alternative annotation of the orthologous Arabidopsis gene would improve its similarity with the other members of the subfamily. Intron 2 was not spliced out in approximately half of the rice Snf2P mRNAs present in leaves, resulting in a premature stop codon. Transcripts from the barley and wheat Snf2P genes were found in apexes, leaves, sheaths, roots and spikes. The Snf2P genes exist as single copies on wheat chromosome arm 5A(m)L and in the colinear regions on barley chromosome arm 4HL and rice chromosome 3. High-density genetic mapping and RT-PCR suggest that Snf2P is not a candidate gene for the tightly linked vernalization gene Vrn2.
Conjugacy on partial words

The study of the combinatorial properties of strings of symbols from a finite alphabet (also referred to as words) is profoundly connected to numerous fields such as biology, computer science, mathematics, and physics. In this paper, we examine to which extent some fundamental combinatorial properties of words, such as conjugacy, remain true for partial words. The motivation behind the notion of a partial word is the comparison of two genes (alignment of two such strings can be viewed as a construction of two partial words that are said to be compatible). This study on partial words was initiated by Berstel and Boasson.
Bacterial Endocarditis with a Tolerant Staphylococcal Organism

An eight-year-old boy developed staphylococcal endocarditis. He was treated initially with nafcillin and gentamicin, but he remained febrile. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of nafcillin was 130 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Following the addition of rifampin to the antibiotic regimen, the patient became afebrile and recovered. The discrepancy between the MBC and MIC indicated tolerance to nafcillin. Tolerance is a mode of antibiotic resistance that must be considered in treating life-threatening illness.
Isoniazid-Induced Psychosis

OBJECTIVE:To report a suspected case of isoniazid-induced psychosis in a 31-year-old woman.CASE SUMMARY:A 31-year-old white woman without a prior psychiatric history presented with psychotic symptoms suspected to be related to prophylactic treatment with isoniazid after she tested positive to a tuberculin (purified protein derivative) test. The psychotic symptoms resolved partially after isoniazid was discontinued and completely after treatment with olanzapine was begun. The patient remained symptom-free 11 months after discharge from the hospital.DISCUSSION:Cases of isoniazid-related psychiatric disorders reported in the literature include psychosis, obsessive–compulsive neurosis, and mania. With the increasing prevalence of tuberculosis in the US, more people are expected to receive treatment for tuberculosis. Pyridoxine deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of isoniazid-induced psychosis. Such deficiency states may be detected indirectly by measuring urinary metabolites of tryptophan.CONCLUSIO...
Affinities of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and terfenadine at the five human muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes.

Anticholinergic effects are presumed to be the mechanism for the efficacy of chlorpheniramine in symptomatic relief of the common cold. Terfenadine, a second-generation antihistamine, reportedly lacks anticholinergic side effects. We evaluated affinities of two commonly used over-the-counter antihistamines, brompheniramine and chlorpheniramine, as well as terfenadine in comparison with atropine at the five human muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes using CHO cells stably transfected with the individual subtypes. Atropine was more potent than all three drugs at ml-m5 (p<0.01). No significant difference was observed between chlorpheniramine and brompheniramine. Atropine, brompheniramine, and chlorpheniramine could not discriminate between ml-m5. Terfenadine demonstrated subtype selectivity at m3. In vitro comparisons in human muscarinic receptor subtypes could potentially be used to predict clinical anticholinergic effects of antihistamines and to target receptor-specific effects of such agents.
Infrared-based object tracking

Often it is necessary to track moving objects on horizontal paths. Human error and the associated cost and dangers of using humans lead to a requirement to automate this task. The system presented here was designed, built and tested. The system uses an IR beacon and a microcontroller receiver/controller module. The design consists of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based IR transmitter and a microcontroller based IR receiver/controller. The design consisted of two main parts, the transmitter (beacon) and the receiver/controller module. The receiver was implemented with a FPGA so that the characteristics of the beacon signal could be adjusted more quickly and with greater precision. The controller module was integrated with the receivers and detailed system integration tests were performed. Measurements were collected, recorded and analyzed.
Knowledge as a measure of the effectiveness of management support systems

It is proposed that using management support systems (MSS) will improve knowledge by providing managers with more information and analytic tools that they can use to learn more about the nature of their environment, the effectiveness of various strategies, and the relationship between actions and outcomes. Techniques ranging from qualitative analysis to multivariate statistical techniques are proposed as methods for measuring knowledge. Previous research is also reviewed on both the importance of knowledge to managers and the impact of MSS on knowledge. >
MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL PROCESS MODELS

The Pareto Optimal Model Assessment Cycle (POMAC), a multiple-criteria model assessment methodology, is described for exploring uncertainty in the relationships between ecological theory, model structure, and assessment data. Model performance is optimized to satisfy, simultaneously, each component of a vector of assessment criteria (model outputs), rather than the usual procedure of optimizing performance with respect to a single criterion. Pareto Optimality is used to define the vector optimization. The Pareto Optimal Set reveals which combinations of assessment criteria the model can satisfy si- multaneously. Binary interval error measures, which classify whether a parameterization result is within an acceptable range of values, are defined for each criterion. Their use masks small differences in the performance of different parameterizations, allowing the Pareto Optimal Set to reveal conflicts in ability to achieve simultaneously different col- lections of criteria. POMAC improves the researcher's ability to detect deficiencies and locate their sources. It is more stringent and informative than traditional model assessment procedures because it uses multiple criteria without weighting and aggregating them. The Pareto Optimal Set reveals the presence of deficiencies through the model's inability to satisfy all the criteria simultaneously. POMAC then guides the researcher in locating deficiencies in: inadequate selection of component ecological hypotheses underlying the model, inadequate mathe- matical representations of these hypotheses, inadequate parameterization, poor selection and formulation of the assessment criteria, or combinations of these. In an example, POMAC is applied to the spatially explicit canopy competition model WHORL using ten assessment criteria. Each criterion was selected to provide information on different aspects of WHORL's functioning: three stand height distribution criteria, three crown morphology criteria, and four criteria focusing on stand competition's characteristic differentiation of growth rates. The Pareto Optimal Set was generated using simulated evolution optimization. POMAC revealed deficiencies in both the model structure and its assessment criteria, leading to an improved model and better understanding of its effective domain.
The Holocene history of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in eastern Washington state, northwestern USA

Historical data are incomplete regarding the presence/absence and distribution of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in eastern Washington State. Palaeozoological (archaeological and palaeontological) data indicate bighorn were present in many areas there during most of the last 10 000 years. Bighorn occupied the xeric shrub-steppe habitats of the Channeled Scablands, likely because the Scablands provided the steep escape terrain bighorn prefer. The relative abundance of bighorn is greatest during climatically dry intervals and low during a moist period. Bighorn remains tend to increase in relative abundance over the last 6000 years. Bighorn were present in eastern Washington in the nineteenth century, but were largely locally extirpated by the twentieth century. A collection of prehistoric bighorn astragali that likely includes specimens spanning the terminal Pleistocene and the entire Holocene consists of specimens that are, with one exception, the same size as a collection of modern bighorn astragali from...
JOY STICK VS. MULTIPLE LEVERS FOR REMOTE MANIPULATOR CONTROL.

Two modes of control, a joy stick and a multiple-lever system for the same remote manipulator were investigated experimentally. Operator performance was measured by task time and by errors made in ...
Extending the Tradition of The Counseling Psychologist by Building on Strengths

This article describes The Counseling Psychologist’s (TCP’s) format and content, policy issues, editing experiences, and the interplay of professional and social forces during the first two editorial years of P. Paul Heppner (1997-1998). Given the real heritage of the journal and existing resources, the primary mission has been to extend the tradition of TCP by building on the journal’s many strengths.
A short domain of the plant vacuolar protein phytohemagglutinin targets invertase to the yeast vacuole.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the seed lectin of the common bean, accumulates in protein storage vacuoles of storage parenchyma cells in cotyledons. When expressed in yeast, PHA is efficiently targeted to the yeast vacuole [Tague and Chrispeels (1987). J. Cell Biol. 105, 1971-1979]. To identify vacuolar sorting information in PHA, a series of 39 deletions of the PHA gene were fused in-frame to a truncated yeast invertase gene. An amino-terminal portion of PHA composed of a 20-residue signal sequence and 43 residues of the mature protein efficiently targeted invertase to the yeast vacuole. Internal deletions in a short PHA-invertase fusion showed that targeting information exists between residues 14 and 23 of mature PHA. Based on examinations of three-dimensional structures of related lectins, only a portion of these residues would be available on the surface of PHA for interaction with a putative receptor. Amino acid replacements at these positions in a PHA-invertase hybrid caused secretion of the invertase. The results indicate the presence of a vacuolar targeting domain in PHA that is centered at position 19 of the mature protein. This sequence of PHA also shows sequence identity to a vacuolar sorting domain characterized in yeast carboxypeptidase Y. Single amino acid alterations in a short PHA-invertase hybrid protein that caused the highest levels of secretion introduced a glycosylation site at position 21 of PHA. This observation suggests that glycan addition may interfere with recognition of a sorting determinant. These same amino acid changes did not dramatically increase secretion in a long PHA-invertase fusion or in PHA itself. Thus, a second domain of PHA may function in concert with the first one to bring about correct targeting of PHA.
Unexpected similarities in cellular responses to bacterial and viral invasion

An innate immune response has developed as a rapid and regulated defense mechanism in which the recognition of an invading pathogenic organism can occur on binding to a specific viral receptor or Toll-like receptor (TLR) that can recognize the conserved patterns of the proteins, lipoproteins, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or unmethylated CpG DNA (1). As an early response to infection, cells induce a profile of the early inflammatory genes, including antiviral cytokines and chemokines. Two families of the transcriptional factors play a major role in the transcriptional activation of these genes: a well characterized family of NF-κB factors and a newly emerging family of IFN regulatory factors (IRFs). The IRFs play a critical role in the induction of type I IFN and chemokine genes and genes mediating antiviral, antibacterial, and inflammatory responses. Three of these IRFs, IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7, function as direct transducers of virus-mediated signaling (2). In uninfected cells, these IRFs reside in the cytoplasm, whereas in infected cells they are phosphorylated on serine residues in the carboxyl-terminal region of the polypeptide and are transported to the nucleus. In infected cells, ubiquitously expressed IRF-3 mediates induction of IFN-B genes and some of the IFN-induced genes, whereas IRF-5 and IRF-7, expression of which is limited to lymphoid cells, are required for induction of most of the IFN-A genes. Recent data indicate that the binding of a ligand, dsRNA to TLR-3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to TLR-4, also activates IRF-3 and IRF-7 (3). Binding of LPS to TLR-4 (Fig. 1) activates signaling events not only through the MyD88 adapter but also by the MyD88-independent pathway. This second pathway is mediated by two adapters named TRIF and TRAM that activate IRF-3 and induce IFN-β (3, 4). In contrast to TLR-4, TLR-3 does not associate with MyD88, MAL, and TRAM, and thus …
Best research practices in psychology: Illustrating epistemological and pragmatic considerations with the case of relationship science.

In recent years, a robust movement has emerged within psychology to increase the evidentiary value of our science. This movement, which has analogs throughout the empirical sciences, is broad and diverse, but its primary emphasis has been on the reduction of statistical false positives. The present article addresses epistemological and pragmatic issues that we, as a field, must consider as we seek to maximize the scientific value of this movement. Regarding epistemology, this article contrasts the false-positives-reduction (FPR) approach with an alternative, the error balance (EB) approach, which argues that any serious consideration of optimal scientific practice must contend simultaneously with both false-positive and false-negative errors. Regarding pragmatics, the movement has devoted a great deal of attention to issues that frequently arise in laboratory experiments and one-shot survey studies, but it has devoted less attention to issues that frequently arise in intensive and/or longitudinal studies. We illustrate these epistemological and pragmatic considerations with the case of relationship science, one of the many research domains that frequently employ intensive and/or longitudinal methods. Specifically, we examine 6 research prescriptions that can help to reduce false-positive rates: preregistration, prepublication sharing of materials, postpublication sharing of data, close replication, avoiding piecemeal publication, and increasing sample size. For each, we offer concrete guidance not only regarding how researchers can improve their research practices and balance the risk of false-positive and false-negative errors, but also how the movement can capitalize upon insights from research practices within relationship science to make the movement stronger and more inclusive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
A new optical signal routing scheme for linear lightwave networks

We propose a new scheme for optical signal routing within linear lightwave network (LLN) subnets. The LLN is a fiber optic network which performs only linear operations on optical signals: power combining, splitting and possibly linear optical amplification. The LLN can be partitioned into several subnets where each subnet is a tree providing full broadcast among all stations connected to it. We study the synchronization problem that exists in these subnets which prevents efficient implementation of time division multiple access schemes for sharing a common broadcast medium. A solution to this problem is proposed, based on a new optical signal routing scheme, called rooted routing. The impact of rooted routing on power losses is analyzed, and an approach for minimizing power loss in LLNs with rooted routing is presented. It is shown that when link and excess losses are small, rooted routing power budget can be made close to the power budget yielded by the original, shortest path routing scheme. It is also shown that rooted routing power budget can be significantly improved using a single optical amplifier.
Rate- and depth-dependent nanomechanical behavior of individual living Chinese hamster ovary cells probed by atomic force microscopy

A single elastic modulus is not sufficient for describing the mechanical behavior of a living cell due to its viscoelastic nature and heterogeneity beneath the membrane. In this paper, the nanoscale elastic and viscoelastic behavior of individual living Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells in a physiological environment were probed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentations at various loading rates. Based on Hertzian fits of the force–distance curves, the apparent elastic modulus of the cells was determined and found to be a function of the loading rate as well as the indentation depth. Notably, contributions from the substrate were negligible up to 50% of the cell thickness. For increased indentation rates and depths, healthy spindle-shaped CHO-K1 cells were found to exhibit an increased change of stiffness, whereas for unhealthy oval- shaped CHO-K1 cells there was little stiffening at equivalent loading rates and depths. Furthermore, a larger hysteresis between the loading and unloading curves was observed with increasing loading rates, which was related to the viscoelastic behavior of CHO-K1 cells. This work demonstrates differences in the rate- and depth-dependent elastic behavior at the nanoscale level between healthy and unhealthy mammalian cells.
Color image segmentation using Markov random fields

The use of Markov random fields (MRFs) in color image segmentation of natural outdoor scenes is discussed. MRFs provide an elegant means of specifying a local energy function which embodies the expected dependencies of neighboring pixels and includes both the prior and posterior probabilistic distributions. This local neighborhood-based specification of dependencies avoids ad hoc brittle methods using global image knowledge. A brief analysis of ongoing research in color differencing methods is presented, since they are central to the problem of color segmentation. The authors develop and compare the use of three different lattice structures for coupled MRFs with line and color processes based on squares, hexagons, and triangles, and also discusses current efforts in MRF parameter understanding. >
Nitric oxide reduces endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1.

Nitric oxide (NO·) has proven effective in improving oxygenation and reducing pulmonary hypertension in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the precise mechanism remains unclear. NO·has been shown to reduce leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, attenuate neutrophil (PMN) sequestration, and protect endothelium from an inflammatory insult. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is a pivotal regulator of PMN-endothelial adhesion and, thus, a critical mediator of PMN cytotoxicity. Consequently, we hypothesized that NO·suppresses ICAM-1 expression on endothelium. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured. The NO·donor 3-morpholinosidnonimine (SIN-1) (0.1–10 μM) was incubated with HUVEC for 4 hr. In separate experiments, HUVEC were incubated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) alone or following SIN-1 pretreatment. ICAM-1 expression on HUVEC was measured by flow cytometric analysis. SIN-1 (1 and 10 μM) reduced the expression of ICAM-1 on resting HUVEC by 58 and 47%, respectively. LPS upregulated ICAM-1 expression; however, this was not affected by SIN-1 pretreatment. We conclude that NO·reduces constitutive endothelial expression of ICAM-1, but does not prevent LPS-stimulated upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Downregulation of ICAM-1 may be a mechanism whereby NO·protects resting endothelium (distant organ bed) from circulating primed or activated PMNs, but may not be as effective at a primary inflammatory site.
Rearrangement of the Grignard reagent from 1-methylcyclobutylmethyl bromide: origins of the methyl substituent effect

Abstract 1-Methyl substitution leads to a small decrease (ca. 0.45) in the rate of the ring cleavage rearrangement of cyclobutylmethylmagnesium bromide. Comparison with literature data for 3- and 5-membered rings indicates that the methyl substituent shifts the equilibrium in the direction of ring cleavage, mostly by stabilization of the double bond of the open isomer, and possibly partly by destabilization of the organometallic function of the cyclic isomer. The reaction rate is decreased in both directions, probably because of increased transition state steric repulsions.
Vote Centers as a Strategy to Control Election Administration Costs: Findings From a Pilot Project

The rising costs of election administration in an era of fiscal stress have motivated some local officials to test the feasibility of ideas for reducing election costs while enhancing voter conveni...
Deletion of murine Arv1 results in a lean phenotype with increased energy expenditure

ACAT-related enzyme 2 required for viability 1 (ARV1) is a putative lipid transporter of the endoplasmic reticulum that is conserved across eukaryotic species. The ARV1 protein contains a conserved N-terminal cytosolic zinc ribbon motif known as the ARV1 homology domain, followed by multiple transmembrane regions anchoring it in the ER. Deletion of ARV1 in yeast results in defective sterol trafficking, aberrant lipid synthesis, ER stress, membrane disorganization and hypersensitivity to fatty acids (FAs). We sought to investigate the role of Arv1 in mammalian lipid metabolism. Homologous recombination was used to disrupt the Arv1 gene in mice. Animals were examined for alterations in lipid and lipoprotein levels, body weight, body composition, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure. Global loss of Arv1 significantly decreased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the plasma. Arv1 knockout mice exhibited a dramatic lean phenotype, with major reductions in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and body weight on a chow diet. This loss of WAT is accompanied by improved glucose tolerance, higher adiponectin levels, increased energy expenditure and greater rates of whole-body FA oxidation. This work identifies Arv1 as an important player in mammalian lipid metabolism and whole-body energy homeostasis.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents

Increasingly stringent effluent discharge requirements have spurred an interest in more effective and economical methods of removing heavy metals from industrial wastes. Increasing scarcity and prices of metals also hasten efforts to achieve metal removal and recovery. Neutralization and chemical precipitation have been utilized for years. Operating data indicate metal removals are possible beyond those indicated by metal hydroxide solubilities, apparently as a result of coprecipitation. Reported costs of neutralization are given as a function of waste character. Metal sulfides exhibit lower solubilities than do metal hydroxides. This fact is used to advantage in sulfide-precipitation systems, utilizing a variety of sources of sulfide ion. Other treatment systems, such as cementation, ion exchange, sorption, or reverse osmosis are utilized in special cases, and are examined.
Calling a Personal Foul on the Workers' Compensation System: NCAA Student-Athletes are Being Denied the Protection They Deserve

This paper will address the issue of whether student-athletes are employees of the NCAA for the purposes of receiving workers’ compensation benefits in the event of an injury. Part I of this paper gives a background on the workers’ compensation system. Part II gives a background and short history of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Part III explains why the relationship between the NCAA and its student-athletes constitutes a valid employer-employee relationship. Part IV discusses the case of Waldrep v. Texas Employers Insurance Association, the most prominent case that dealt with the issue of whether student-athletes are employees for workers’ compensation purposes. Part V outlines the statutory laws currently in place regarding workers’ compensation and student-athletes. Finally, Part VI concludes that changes must be made within the system in order to provide student-athletes with the proper protection they deserve.
Why Complementarity Matters for Stability — Hong Kong SAR as Asian Financial Centers

There is much speculation regarding a “race for dominance” among financial centers in Asia, arising from the anticipated financial opening up of China. This frame of reference is, to an extent, a predilection that results from a traditional understanding of financial centers as possessing historical, geographic, and scale economy advantages. This paper, however, suggests that there is an alternative prism through which the evolution of financial centers in Asia needs to be viewed. It underscores the importance of “complementarity” rather than “dominance” to better serve regional and global financial stability. We posit that such complementarity is vital, through network analysis of the roles of Hong Kong SAR and Singapore as the current leading financial centers in the region. This analysis suggests that a competition for dominance can result in de-stabilizing levels of interconnectivity that render the global “network” as a whole more susceptible to rapid propagation of shocks. We then examine the regulatory and policy challenges that may be encountered in furthering such complementary coexistence.
The role of posture in the natriuresis of water immersion in normal man.

SummaryWater immersion to the neck has been demonstrated to produce a profound natriuresis in seated and standing subjects. Since an immersion–induced hydrostatic pressure gradient with a resultant redistribution of blood volume has been postulated to produce this natriuresis, it was of interest to examine this postulate by assessing renal sodium handling during immersion in supine subjects. Renal sodium, potassium and water handling was assessed in seven normal subjects during a control period and during water immersion under identical conditions of diet, supine posture and time of day. Although assumption of the recumbent position during immersion was associated with a gradual increase in UNaV, the resultant increase did not differ from the increase in UNaV following the assumption of recumbency during control. These data support the hypothesis that the natriuresis of water immersion is mediated by an immersion–induced hydrostatic pressure gradient acting on the vascular beds of the lower extremities an...
Investigation of Anemia Situation of Children and Adolescents in Hefei Prefecture

Objective To assess current anemia prevalence and related factors of children and adolescents and provide scientific basis for developing preventive measures in Hefei city.Methods Hemoglobin content of 1493 students in primary and middle schools from 12 surveillance sizes in 3 counties and 4 districts was tested using cyanmethemoglobin detection method.Results Among the 1493 students,rate of anemia was 6.8% in 2005.The prevalence of anemia in rural areas(10.1%)was higher than that in urban areas(4.5%).The prevalence of anemia was higher in group aged 7,9,and 14.Prevalence of adolescent girls aged 17 from rural areas was the highest(19.2%).Conclusions We achieved the goals set by "National Comprehensive Program for Students Anemia Prevention(trial)".But we still had much to do in our work of prevention of anemia,because the prevalence of anemia have existed in some degree.
A novel photonic beam-space receiver for multi-function radar

A novel photonic beam-former concept is discussed within the context of traditional Radar design considerations. The beam-former concept has been proven for passive imaging applications1; however, the work presented herein discusses extension of the theory to an active sensing problem space. The paper concentrates on discussion of photonic beamspace beam-forming and its relation to existing Beam-Space array theory and closes with several observations of the application of the photonic beam-space receiver to a simulated radar scenario. The initial results presented highlight the photonic beam-former’s ability to generate a full beam space for an arbitrary array size in real-time.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung:a single institution experience in the era of molecular testing.

e18518 Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ADS) lung is rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that compromises 0.4-4% of all lung cancers and is thought to carry a worse prognosis tha...
(Not) Losing My Religion: Using The Color Purple to Promote Critical Thinking in the Writing Classroom

ASTRACT: Private student discourses are often ignored or prohibited in the academy; however, these private discourses are very meaningful, and representative of the ways that students order and speak about the world. Specifically, religion is an extremely significant private student discourse; exploring religious discourse might help students not only to understand the ideological and linguistic formations of discourses, including those that undergird and shape religion, but also to refine their own discourses, written and spoken, inside and outside of school. Using The Color Purple by Alice Walker, a text that problematizes religious discourse, Ira Shor’s Critical Teaching and Everyday Life as a model of illuminating ideological analysis, as well as critical essays about religious discourses, students read, discuss, and write about religion and other private discourses to enhance their writing and critical thinking, and secure a more stable rhetorical position within the academy.
Natural History After Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis: a Large US Tertiary Care Experience

Most studies of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) focus on short-term outcomes. We evaluated long-term survival and outcomes following ANP. Patients treated for ANP at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2001 to 2008 were studied. Data on presentation and course during initial hospitalization and follow-up (median 34 months) was extracted. Mean age of patients (n = 167) was 53 ± 16 years; 70 % were male, 94 % white, 71 % transfers, 52 % biliary etiology, and 78 % had first-attack of acute pancreatitis. Majority had severe disease with high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score (median 11), length of stay (median 26 days), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (87 %), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (90 %), persistent organ failure (60 %), and infected necrosis (50 %). Intervention was needed in 74 %. Eighteen (10.8 %) patients died during index hospitalization, 9 (5.4 %) during the first year, and 13 (7.8 %) after 1 year. Median survival was significantly shorter when compared with age- and sex-matched US general population (9.1 vs. 26.1 years, p 50 % necrosis (HR 3.8) were independent predictors of death at 1 year. In eligible patients, new-onset diabetes, oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and disability were noted in 45, 25, and 53 %, respectively. ANP significantly impacts long-term survival. A high proportion of patients develop functional derangement and disability following ANP.
Examining the Impact of Restaurant Innovativeness on Relationship Quality in Luxury Restaurants

Despite the importance of innovation as a determinant for the success of restaurant businesses, little research has been conducted on the postconsumption evaluations of the image of restaurant inno...
The Windfall Recapture Tax: Issues of Theory and Design

The May 1985 tax reform package issued by the Reagan administration included a proposal to assess a “windfall recapture tax” on owners of existing depreciable assets; this unique proposal was one o...
Pilot Study to Show the Feasibility of High-Resolution Sagittal Ultrasound Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint

Purpose To show the feasibility of acquiring high-resolution sagittal ultrasound (US) images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Patients and Methods We used commercially available US probes to assess the TMJ via a transoral soft tissue window to acquire sagittal images. Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical correlation were compared with the US findings by the consensus assessment of 2 of the senior investigators. Results The sample was composed of 10 TMJs (6 participants) with an age range of 34 to 71 years and a male-female ratio of 3:1. The condyle and subcondylar surface were visible in 10 of 10 joints (100%), the disc in 7 of 10 joints (70%), and the pterygoid muscles in 6 of 10 joints (60%). In the 5 joints with magnetic resonance correlation, disc position and configuration were confirmed in all cases. Conclusions We show the first sagittal transoral sonograms of the TMJ disc and associated joint components.
Navigating Gay Fatherhood: The Experiences of Four Sets of Gay Fathers with Their Children's Education.

ABSTRACTStudies have consistently shown that parental involvement and family engagement programs can positively affect the social, emotional, cognitive, and academic well-being of children. Nevertheless, research has also indicated that many programs are school-based (e.g. back-to-school night, parent–teacher conferences), and have historically marginalized families with different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. While this perspective has been at the core of some scholars’ works that challenge school-to-home relationships, such a critical framework has yet to be fully developed for same-sex parents. This phenomenological study invokes a queer theory framework and uses interview data to explore such school-to-home experiences for same-sex couples by focusing on four sets of gay fathers. Findings indicate that the fathers in this study were actively engaged with school-, home-, and community-based educational opportunities. Nevertheless, all four sets of fathers faced challenges making decisi...
Prefrontal cortex expression of chromatin modifier genes in male WSP and WSR mice changes across ethanol dependence, withdrawal, and abstinence

Abstract Alcohol-use disorder (AUD) is a relapsing disorder associated with excessive ethanol consumption. Recent studies support the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of AUD. Studies carried out so far have focused on a few specific epigenetic modifications. The goal of this project was to investigate gene expression changes of epigenetic regulators that mediate a broad array of chromatin modifications after chronic alcohol exposure, chronic alcohol exposure followed by 8 h withdrawal, and chronic alcohol exposure followed by 21 days of abstinence in Withdrawal-Resistant (WSR) and Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) selected mouse lines. We found that chronic vapor exposure to highly intoxicating levels of ethanol alters the expression of several chromatin remodeling genes measured by quantitative PCR array analyses. The identified effects were independent of selected lines, which, however, displayed baseline differences in epigenetic gene expression. We reported dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in histone acetylation, deacetylation, lysine and arginine methylation and ubiquitinationhylation during chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal, but not after 21 days of abstinence. Ethanol-induced changes are consistent with decreased histone acetylation and with decreased deposition of the permissive ubiquitination mark H2BK120ub, associated with reduced transcription. On the other hand, ethanol-induced changes in the expression of genes involved in histone lysine methylation are consistent with increased transcription. The net result of these modifications on gene expression is likely to depend on the combination of the specific histone tail modifications present at a given time on a given promoter. Since alcohol does not modulate gene expression unidirectionally, it is not surprising that alcohol does not unidirectionally alter chromatin structure toward a closed or open state, as suggested by the results of this study.
System level simulations for 300 m OM3 eSR4 link

We use a system level simulation to study the transmission penalty for extended SR4 systems with 300 m OM3 MMF under two types of launch conditions and we show an impact of the fiber bandwidth on the equalized 25.78 Gbps VCSEL-based NRZ link at 850 nm.
The Decline of Antitrust Enforcement

American Antitrust policy has abandoned tight restrictions on mergers and on a variety of business practices, such as vertical restraints indistribution. I argue that the change is permanent for three reasons: 1)rising skepticism about government intervention generally, 2) lack ofdeleterious effects from the new policy, and 3) increasing irrelevance ofantitrust in global markets. Due process considerations will reinforce thechange in policy. New technologies may, however, revive traditionalantitrust concern with price fixing.
Pressurized Transfer of Cryogenic Fluids from Tanks in Liquid-Nitrogen Baths

Most of the preliminary rocket engine development, performance and experimental tests use pressurized propellant feed systems for reasons of economy and expediency. Because of the need for obtaining accurate flow records, many pressurized cryogenic systems are placed in liquid-nitrogen baths. If both the propellant tank and flow lines are covered by such a bath, more precise knowledge of the cryogenic fluid density is obtained and two-phase flow through orifices or flow meters is eliminated. Density of liquid oxygen can vary by 1% for a temperature change of 2.3°F, and the uncertainty due to two-phase flow through an orifice cannot now be estimated.