cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Romance of Kudrum

The long narrative poem Kudrun, poorly preserved in a single, sixteenthcentury manuscript, enjoys a reputation as the most notable German retelling of heroic legends after the Nibelungenlied. Though it cannot be dated precisely, the transmitted text of Kudrun was apparently composed about the middle of the thirteenth century, several decades later than the Nibelungenlied. The author used a stanza which is a variation on that of the Nibelungenlied, and wove into his tale episodes from old stories which may be connected to German poems of the twelfth century, to Snorri Sturluson and Saxo Grammaticus, and even to the Old English "Deor" and "Widsip." Thus one readily understands the inclination of scholars to treat Kudrun hand in hand with the great epic which preceded it and which also offers us evidence for the reconstruction of certain stories from Germanic antiquity. Karl Stackmann, who in 1965 revised Karl Bartsch's edition of Kudrun, devoted some forty-five pages of his introduction to the legendary backgrounds, sources, and earlier versions of the poem, and only twelve pages to interpretive questions. Other scholars have paid increasing attention to Kudrun as a poem with its own meaning, but the results have so far been rather varied. Diversity of opinion is inevitable and proper, yet interpretation of Kudrun has proven to be especially difficult because of uncertainty regarding the narrative genre to which the poem belongs if it belongs to one at all. The influence of generic practice on individual works of art in the Middle Ages is well known; if one could situate Kudrun within a well-defined tradition of medieval narrative, one would gain an important perspective on structural features, and thus on questions of theme. For obvious reasons the poem is most often thought of as a heroic epic, but few critics are comfortable with this designation, and a wide range of qualifications has been offered: for example, "Das seltsamste aller Heldenepen" (Hermann Schneider), "Heldenroman ohne eigentliches Heldentum" (Friedrich Ranke), "Eine Art Heldenroman, ... Werk eines gemischten Stils" (Friedrich Neumann), "a modern psychological novel . . . disguised as a heroic epic" (M. O'C. Walshe), "a unique blend of genres and attitudes" (Paul Salmon).' The obvious affinities of Kudrun with the Nibelunigenlied
Interferon assessment by the immunofluorescent, immunoperoxidase, and hemadsorption cell-counting techniques

The immunofluorescent, immunoperoxidase, and hemadsorption cell-counting techniques were quantitatively evaluated for assessing interferon activity. The three assays exhibited parallel dose-responses and were comparable in sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility.
Preliminary Study on Control Effect to Root Rot Disease of Ligusticum chuanxiong

Trichoderma spp. was used as screening of biocontrol material and Fusarium solani as target strain in this experiment. Reference theoretical basis on biological and chemical control of root rot on Ligusticum wallichii was provided by dual culture,antagonistic tests on nonvolatile metabolites and six kinds of fungicides against the pathogen virulence test. It was clear that strain T131-21 had best antagonistic effect to Fusarium solani,the inhibition rate reached 60. 68 %. Non-volatile metabolites of Trichoderma T131-2 had good inhibition result on Fusarium solani,inhibition rate reached 63. 82%,70% thiophanate had significant effect in laboratory tests,followed by 50 % carbendazim,EC50(μg/mL) were 4.1563 and 48. 2079,respectively.
Improved semen quality after a short-interval second ejaculation.

Les auteurs montrent que chez les oligospermiques plus que chez les sujets normaux, une 2eme ejaculation 30 a 60 minutes apres la 1ere fournit un specimen plus riche en spermatozoides. Ceci peut etre le fait de la reduction du volume seminal. Il semble que ceux qui ameliorent leur score dans le 2e ejaculat obtiennent des grossesses plus facilement
Dempster-Shafer information measures in category theory

In the Dempster Shafer context, one can construct new types of information measures based on belief and plausibility functions. These measures differ from those in Shannon’s theory because, in his theory, information measures are based on probability functions. Other types of information measures were discovered by Kampe de Feriet and his colleagues in the French and Italian schools of mathematics. The objective of this paper is to construct a new category of information. I use category theory to construct a general setting in which the various types of information measures are special cases.
Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease II

Recent advances in diagnostic radiology have radically altered the approach to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). Sophisticated trans-thoracic and trans-esophageal echocardiography is perhaps the best-known example. Additionally, state of the art magnetic resonance (MR) and multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners, each with cardiac packages, can render diagnostic angiocardiography unnecessary at times. With an accurate diagnosis, interventional angiocardiography, embolotherapy, surgical correction, or even cardiac transplantation can be accomplished for palliation or cure.
Upper Eyelid Volumization with Hyaluronic Acid

In the periorbital region, the growing appreciation for the role of volume in rejuvenation has been primarily focused on the lower eyelid. We believe the importance of volume in the appearance of a youthful upper eyelid is dramatically underappreciated and routinely incorporate volume-restoring techniques in our approach to the aging upper eye. Traditional treatment of the upper eyelid and brow focuses on a sculpted aesthetic that relies heavily on skin, muscle, and fat resection and surgical brow elevation. The result of this approach is a skeletonized appearance rather than a restored natural youthful look.
THE WAY I SEE IT: Librarians in cyberspace

L'A., directeur d'une bibliotheque universitaire, decrit son experience d'aide a la recherche d'information
Leucine metabolism in chronically hypoglycemic hypoinsulinemic growth-restricted fetal sheep

We measured leucine flux rates during infusions of L-[1-14C]- and L-[1-1C]leucine in fetal sheep exposed to maternal insulin-induced hypoglycemia over the last 8 wk (40%) of gestation to determine ...
The Biomechanical Relevance of Stress Range and Mean Stress in the Analysis of Variable Loading on Musculoskeletal Tissues

Musculoskeletal tissues usually experience loading referred to in the fatigue failure literature as “repeated stress” or “fluctuating stress” during the performance of occupational tasks. In addition, loads experienced during occupational work often involve highly stress variability. Under these types of loading conditions, the development of cumulative damage is highly influenced by the stress range and the mean stress associated with the loading regimen. This paper describes fatigue failure analysis techniques associated with variable loading situations, including cycle counting techniques, Goodman and Gerber equations for estimation of fatigue life, and the relevance of stress range and mean stress on damage accrual.
Policing through ‘paperwork’: Foster youth files and archival surveillance in the 21st century:

Young people in the child welfare system are subjected to intensive and wide-ranging observation, surveillance and documentation practices that have been facilitated by the expanding use of digital...
Dynamics and Assembly of ASB-Containing E3 Ubiquitin Ligases

E3 Ubiquitin Ligases (UBLs) facilitate the highly-specific covalent attachment of activated ubiquitin to bound substrate proteins through an isopeptide bond on an exposed lysine residue. Ubiquitin signaling regulates cellular protein degradation which is essential for proper cell functioning. The multi-subunit Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) represents the most prominent form of E3 Ligases, and it is responsible for a substantial percentage of ubiquitin-directed protein degradation through the K48 ubiquitin linkage. CRLs share a common structure, composed (in order of arrangement) of a substrate receptor with a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) domain, one or two adapter proteins, a Cullin protein, and a RING-box (RBX) protein that recruits E2 enzymes charged with activated ubiquitin. Among the substrate receptors belonging to this class of UBLs, all 18 proteins in the Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS-box (ASB) family of proteins associate with Cullin 5 and RBX2 through the Elongin B and C (EB/C) adapter proteins. ASB9 has previously been shown to tightly and specifically bind to Creatine Kinase (CK). I am building the entire seven-protein ASB9-containing E3 ligase complex in order to characterize its dynamics. I have expressed and purified all components of the ASB9 UBL, along with the necessary Ubiquitin and Nedd8 conjugating enzymes. I have obtained crystals of CK-ASB9-EB/C for structural determination, and I performed hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) on the same complex to characterize how protein complex formation influences the dynamics of each subunit in the complex. CK binding to ASB9 reduced exchange across both of the first two Ankyrin repeats, while the removal of the SOCS box increased deuterium exchange in the final Ankyrin repeats in ASB9. This demonstrates the complex relationship between the components of the E3 ligase and the sophisticated substrate recognition by ASB proteins.
"Busquemos oro". Trabajo, lavaderos de oro y ayuda fiscal durante tiempos de crisis, Chile 1930-1936

espanolEl articulo analiza el esfuerzo del Estado chileno por incrementar la produccion de los lavaderos de oro durante la decada de 1930 y, a traves de ello, reactivar la economia nacional y solucionar el problema del desempleo. Conocida como la “Campana del Oro”, el Estado entrego ayuda fiscal a inversionistas y contratistas privados, subsidiando el reclutamiento, traslado y mantencion de la mano de obra. En un contexto de profunda crisis economica, altos niveles de desempleo y temor en cuanto a las repercusiones sociales y morales de la desocupacion obrera, esta campana reprodujo formas arcaicas de produccion y relaciones de trabajo. EnglishThis article analyzes the effort of the Chilean state to increase gold production throughout the 1930s and, in doing so, reactivate the national economy and respond to the problem of unemployment. Known as the “Gold Campaign,” the state assisted private investors and contractors, subsidizing the recruitment, transportation and maintenance of the labor force. In a context of a serious economic crisis, high levels of unemployment and increasing fears on the social and moral consequences of idleness, this public campaign reproduced traditional forms of production and labor relations.
Supported Education for Individuals With Psychiatric Disabilities: State of the Practice and Policy Implications

Objective: Supported education (SEd) is a promising practice that supports and encourages educational goals and attainment among individuals with psychiatric disabilities. This paper provides insights into how SEd objectives are pursued in different settings, assesses the evidence base, and discusse
Tuk Tuk: A Block-Based Programming Game

Studying computer programming helps children develop computational thinking, a problem-solving methodology that can be transferred to solve everyday problems. Additionally, exposing children to an advanced computational concept of search algorithm allows them to see how different problem-solving techniques are designed to tackle more challenging tasks, and improve their ability to solve problems. We present a block-based programming game called Tuk Tuk for children in kindergarten level (junior version), and elementary and middle school level (standard version). With Tuk Tuk, learners create a computer program in a block-based language to control a car to complete a given task, earn money, reach the next level, and unlock new coding blocks. By completing each task, learners will learn important computational concepts and algorithms, a basis of computational thinking, such as conditionals, iterations, depth-first search (DFS) and breadth-first search (BFS).
Progressive damage and rupture in polymers

Abstract Progressive damage, which eventually leads to failure, is ubiquitous in biological and synthetic polymers. The simplest case to consider is that of elastomeric materials which can undergo large reversible deformations with negligible rate dependence. In this paper we develop a theory for modeling progressive damage and rupture of such materials. We extend the phase-field method, which is widely used to describe the damage and fracture of brittle materials, to elastomeric materials undergoing large deformations. A central feature of our theory is the recognition that the free energy of elastomers is not entirely entropic in nature — there is also an energetic contribution from the deformation of the bonds in the chains. It is the energetic part in the free energy which is the driving force for progressive damage and fracture.
“All Is Grace”: Sound and Grace in Robert Bresson’s Diary of a Country Priest

This chapter explores what the film’s soundtrack suggests about grace. When characters declare arguments regarding the relationship between desire and fate, their statements resemble those articulated by Pelagius, Camus, Jansen, Lacan, Irenaeus, and Milbank. Regardless of what these characters articulate, sound complements, contradicts, and complicates what they say. Diegetic noise mocks self-determination, musical score undermines will, and voice-over interweaves the human community required for mercy to exist. While most theologians focus on the relationship between God and the individual, sound in Diary of a Country Priest suggests grace is a gift exchanged between people.
Introduction: Lower Layers

This chapter orients the reader to the ideas of multiplicity in Badiou’s and Deleuze’s work, and to the ontological paradigms these ideas support. I acknowledge a conceptual debt both programs owe to precedent uses of Mannigfaltigkeit (manifold, multiple), particularly in Kant’s discussion of the manifold in the Critique of Pure Reason. This chapter also presents my method for slow comparison—allowing the programs to be articulated on their own terms before turning to any critique—as facilitated by this moment in reflection on the debate; I also show that my own method is an alternative to the paradigm of martial opposition that characterizes much of the conversation so far. I conclude by offering a plan of the text.
Definitive radiation therapy and survival in clinically node-positive prostate cancer.

168Background: The survival benefit of combined radiation therapy (RT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared to ADT alone for clinically lymph node-positive prostate cancer remains controversial. Methods: We identified clinically node-positive, non-metastatic prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 2000-2015 and treated with ADT (n = 450) or ADT/RT (n = 198) from a national Veterans Affairs database. We compared prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) between treatment groups using multivariable Cox regression, controlling for potential confounders. All tests of statistical significance were two sided. Results: Compared to ADT alone, ADT/RT was associated with improved ACM (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.76, p < 0.001) and PCSM overall (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.97, p = 0.03). We noted a significant interaction between ADT/RT and pre-treatment PSA for PCSM (p for interaction = 0.005) and ACM (p for interaction < 0.001). ADT/RT was associated with improved ...
Analysis of Aflatoxin B 1 - DNA Adducts

DNA modification is now known as an initial step in the induction of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis by chemicals.21 The formation of DNA adducts with some model chemical carcinogens and their characterization have been extensively studied for elucidation of the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis.12 Carcinogen-DNA adducts have also been used as internal biomarkers for monitoring human exposure to environmental mutagens and carcinogens.11
Differences in Physician Income by Gender in a Multiregion Survey.

Previous studies have documented income differences between male and female physicians. However, the implications of these differences are unclear, since previous studies have lacked detailed data on the quantity and composition of work hours. We sought to identify the sources of these income differences using data from a novel survey of physician work and income. To compare differences in income between male and female physicians. We estimated unadjusted income differences between male and female physicians. We then adjusted these differences for total hours worked, composition of work hours, percent of patient care time spent providing procedures, specialty, compensation type, age, years in practice, race, ethnicity, and state and practice random effects. We surveyed 656 physicians in 30 practices in six states and received 439 responses (67% response rate): 263 from males and 176 from females. Self-reported annual income. Male physicians had significantly higher annual incomes than female physicians (mean $297,641 vs. $206,751; difference $90,890, 95% CI $27,769 to $154,011) and worked significantly more total hours (mean 2470 vs. 2074; difference 396, 95% CI 250 to 542) and more patient care hours (mean 2203 vs. 1845; difference 358, 95% CI 212 to 505) per year. Male physicians were less likely than female physicians to specialize in primary care (49.1 vs. 70.5%), but more likely to perform procedures with (33.1 vs. 15.5%) or without general anesthesia (84.3 vs. 73.1%). After adjustment, male physicians’ incomes were $27,404 (95% CI $3120 to $51,688) greater than female physicians’ incomes. Adjustment for multiple possible confounders, including the number and composition of work hours, can explain approximately 70% of unadjusted income differences between male and female physicians; 30% remains unexplained. Additional study and dedicated efforts might be necessary to identify and address the causes of these unexplained differences.
Design of a 3D printed unmanned ground vehicle

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) performs a variety of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. The MITRE Corporation has developed a low-cost, 3D printed unmanned aerial system (UAS) that utilizes off-the-shelf components to aid in accomplishing these mission sets. This project's goal is to augment the unmanned fleet's mission capability with an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) that will provide key functionality beyond that of the UAS, such as idling at a specified location for a long period of time, maneuvering in close-quartered areas, or travelling long distances. Working closely with The MITRE Corporation and the USMC, we have developed a prototype of a UGV system. The current iteration meets most of the main design goals, such as being printed without support material, operating with both manual and waypoint (GPS) control, costing under $1000, using off-the-shelf, easy-to-obtain components, and being backpackable, or portable enough for a Marine to carry on foot in a backpack. Ongoing design challenges include reducing the print time to under 24 hours and testing a robust communications link over LTE. To demonstrate the full capabilities of the final system, three use case scenarios will be executed, which demonstrate the portfolio of functionality that the UGV presents.
Coalgebras and Bialgebras in Combinatorics

The following material is discussed in this paper: Incidence Coalgebras for PO sets; Reduced Boolean Coalgebras; Divided Powers Coalgebra; Dirichlet Coalgebra; Eulerian Coalgebra; Faa di Bruno Bialgebra; Incidence Coalgebras for Categories; The Umbral Calculus; Infinitesimal Coalgebras; Creation and Annihilation Operators; Point Lattice Coalgebras; Restricted Placements; Cleavages; and Hereditary Bialgebras.
Some Typically Selected Categories

We have examined the topics and definitions of the categories, and studied several selected ranges. We have now to sample a choice of the categories made in accordance with the foregoing discussions. The selection will be brief and is intended to do no more than indicate the approach by means of which a system of philosophy could be constructed. This will complete our introduction of the sub-topic of categorematics and prepare us to go on with the combination of the categories into axioms.
Flucht und Befreiung

Gleich nach Weihnachten, am 26. oder 27. Dezember 1944, wurde die Sternfestung von Komarom evakuiert. Da der Bahnhof und die Schienen um ihn herum schwere Schaden davongetragen hatten, war eine Evakuierung mit dem Zug nicht moglich. Wir mussten unsere Sachen nehmen und uns im Gefangnishof in einer Marschreihe aufstellen. Man sagte uns, dass wir zu Fus zu einem nicht naher angegebenen Bestimmungsort gehen wurden.
Transition-Age Youths with Visual Impairments in Vocational Rehabilitation: A New Look at Competitive Outcomes and Services.

IntroductionGiven the low rate of closure of cases for employment, the study presented here analyzed the characteristics of consumers and services that predict competitive employment for youths wit...
COHERENT STATES QUANTUM 1/f NOISE AND THE QUANTUM 1/f EFFECT

An electrically charged particle includes the bare particle and its field. The field has been shown in the last two decades to be in a coherent state, which is not an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. Consequently, the physical particle is not described by an energy eigenstate, and is therefore not in a stationary state. In this paper we show that the fluctuations arising from this non-stationarity have a 1/f spectral density and affect the ordered, collective, or translational motion of the current carriers. This “coherent” quantum 1/f noise should be present along with the familiar quantum 1/f effect of elementary cross sections and process rates introduced ten years ago, just as the magnetic energy of a biased semiconductor sample coexists with the kinetic energy of the individual, randomly moving, current carriers. The amplitude of the quantum 1/f effect is always the difference of the coherent quantum 1/f noise amplitudes in the “out” and “in” states of the process under consideration and dominates in small samples, while large samples should exhibit the larger coherent quantum 1/f noise.
The Contribution of Primary Auditory Cortex to Auditory Categorization in Behaving Monkeys.

The specific contribution of core auditory cortex to auditory perception –such as categorization– remains controversial. To identify a contribution of the primary auditory cortex (A1) to perception, we recorded A1 activity while monkeys reported whether a temporal sequence of tone bursts was heard as having a “small” or “large” frequency difference. We found that A1 had frequency-tuned responses that habituated, independent of frequency content, as this auditory sequence unfolded over time. We also found that A1 firing rate was modulated by the monkeys’ reports of “small” and “large” frequency differences; this modulation correlated with their behavioral performance. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that A1 contributes to the processes underlying auditory categorization.
Spectroscopy of Neon for the Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory

We describe a spectroscopy experiment, suitable for upper-division laboratory courses, that investigates saturated absorption spectroscopy and polarization spectroscopy in a neon discharge. Both experiments use nearly identical components, allowing students to explore both techniques in a single apparatus. Furthermore, because the wavelength of the laser is in the visible part of the spectrum (640 nm), the experiment is well-suited for students with limited experience in optical alignment. The labs nicely complement a course in atomic or plasma physics, provide students with the opportunity to gain important technical skills in the area of optics and lasers, and can provide an introduction to radio-frequency electronics.
Aluminum corrosion in reactor containment environment following a loss of coolant accident (LOCA): High-temperature flow loop tests

Abstract A high-temperature flow loop system was designed to study the effects of buffers agents, temperature and flow conditions on the release of aluminum corrosion products in post-LOCA scenarios. Inductively coupled plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques are used to characterize the aluminum release in solution and the oxide layers formed on the surface. Aluminum release in trisodium phosphate solution is significantly less than in sodium tetraborate solution under same operating conditions. Flow accelerated aluminum release is evident, and power law correlations between the aluminum release rate and mass transfer coefficient are developed, allowing transfer of data between different flow systems.
Mapping the political landscape of Persian Twitter: The case of 2013 presidential election:

The fallacy of premature designations such as “Iran's Twitter Revolution” can be attributed to the empirical gap in our knowledge about such sociotechnical phenomena in non-Western societies. To fi...
Prospective evaluation of a clinical decision tool to reduce childhood admissions to PICUs for poisoning: ReCAP2.

AbstractAim: To prospectively validate a pediatric clinical prediction model to identify children at low risk of clinically significant ingestions to prevent unnecessary pediatric intensive care un...
Using Computer Simulation to Evaluate and Improve Vehicle Handling

The development of correlations of driver preference ratings to objective vehicle performance make it possible to predict both subjective and objective performance of automobiles through the use of computer simulations. With this broadened approach to simulation it is possible to gain greater insight into the performance compromises in vehicles caused by component design changes. None of the vehicle configurations evaluated were superior in all of the five areas of subjective and objective vehicle performance studied. The fact that the improvement of vehicle performance in one maneuver could degrade it in the others suggests that future handling and braking standards should not be drawn on a maneuver-by-maneuver basis.
Mathematical Models To Identify Combined Protein and Clinical Biomarkers of Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Treatment of AML is guided by cytogenetics, age, patients’ medical condition and increasingly, new molecular markers. However, no definitive algorithms and biomarkers predicting response to induction chemotherapy exist. We recently showed that distinct protein profiles of AML correlate with cytogenetics, FAB classes and treatment outcome for a class/group of patients as a whole (Tibes, ASH 2005; Kornblau, ASH 2006 and manuscript in submission). To further individualize therapy, we applied a set-based decision modeling methodology based on the Rough Set Theory (RST) to our initial proteomic dataset of 34 (phospho)-proteins for 96 samples from 73 patients (Tibes, ASH 2005). The first model was built based on partitioning discretized protein expression levels of proteins for the 96 samples into 2 outcome categories: complete remission (CR) vs. refractory to treatment; we generated reducts for all proteins and computed pseudo-cores. Several proteins (incl. phospho-NPM1, PTEN, phospho-AKT, p53, cyclin D1 etc.) were able to distinguish outcomes in terms of CR and refractoriness. A second model based on discretized clinical condition attributes (e.g., blast %, FAB, cytogenetics, age, sex, blood counts etc.) yielded the most important clinical reducts. In a third model, protein expression and clinical attributes were combined to generate decision rules to predict outcome to induction therapy for each patient. For proof-of-concept purposes, the data set was divided into a training set and a test set. Prediction accuracy for CR vs. refractory state was in the 75% range for individual patients based on their pre-treatment clinical and proteomic attributes. In conclusion, predictive models obtained with RST yield reducts corresponding to a small but significant number of proteins (6–8) and clinical parameters which can further be used to derive association rules, capable of accurately predicting a patient’s response to induction therapy. The availability of several dozens of distinct decisions rules within each group (CR vs. refractory) based on protein expression and clinical characteristics, allows an individualized approach for each patient. This preliminary study is now being expanded on an independent proteomic dataset of 52 proteins for 258 AML samples (Kornblau, ASH 2006) to be presented at the Annual Meeting. The clinical utility lies in the fact that measuring expression levels of our protein biomarker profiles can be adopted to routine clinical testing (e.g., immunohistochemistry on diagnosis marrows) and potentially help to direct patients towards standard chemotherapy, upfront treatment on a clinical trial or evaluation for early transplant depending on the chance of response and relapse. Lastly, this model can be applied to predict other clinical outcomes (relapse vs . continuous CR), as well as to derive predictive signatures of gene expression datasets.
Spontaneous Resolution of Asymptomatic Papules on the Face of a Two-Year-Old

A nine-month old male infant presented with multiple, asymptomatic, and yellow-to-pink lesions on his face. Physical exam revealed multiple 2-5 mm reddish brown papules on the forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin Laboratory findings, developmental milestones, and ophthalmology exam were within normal limits, and biopsy was consistent with benign cephalic histiocytosis. Lesions spontaneously involuted at age 18 months without treatment, and by age two, the lesions had fully resolved without sequelae.
Increased severity of anaemia is associated with 30-day complications following total joint replacement.

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the severity of anaemia on postoperative complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A ...
Making Teaching Count: Optimization of Resident Conference Learning using Quality Improvement Methodology

Background: Regularly scheduled didactics such as academic half days (AHDs) or noon conferences have become one of the primary modalities for structured teaching of many residency programs and is a requirement from the ACGME. Our residency program, like many, had changes to the conference curriculum occurring on a semiannual or annual basis during periods of program evaluation. We had feedback that our conference series was suboptimal and made many changes at the onset of the 2016-2017 academic year. We sought a more iterative process to identify the lowest performing series and make changes …
Predictors of Completion of Sublingual Immunotherapy

OBJECTIVES Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has emerged as an effective treatment alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) given its improved safety profile and more convenient dosing. However, SLIT still relies on daily dosing for many years to optimize effectiveness. This study sought to investigate factors that influence patient completion of SLIT. METHODS We performed an institutional retrospective review of patients who received SLIT (2008-2020). Completion was defined as completing at least 36 months of SLIT. Patient demographics and characteristics, including the number of allergens treated, history of asthma and sinus surgery, number of clinic visits, and total time undergoing SLIT, were documented. Multivariate models were used to analyze predictors of SLIT completion. Subgroup analysis was performed among pediatric patients and patients who discontinued SLIT. RESULTS Of the 404 total patients, 249 (61.6%) discontinued, 47 (11.6%) completed, and 108 (26.7%) were currently undergoing SLIT. The mean duration of therapy was 11.2 months for those who discontinued and 49.4 months for patients who completed SLIT. The odds of SLIT completion were twice as high with each additional clinic visit (P < .001), and twice as high when the dosage was increased during therapy (P = .06). Pediatric patients younger than age 12 with a history of asthma were over five times more likely to complete therapy (P = .045). Patients with more clinic visits (P < .001) and higher associated costs (P = .003) were less likely to be lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Increasing the frequency of clinic visits, improving therapy availability, and mitigating concerns about clinical efficacy may increase patient completion of SLIT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2111-E2115, 2021.
Towards Description of Block Model on Graph

Existing block modeling methods can detect communities as blocks. However it remains a challenge to easily explain to a human why nodes belong to the same block. Such a description is very useful for answering why people in the same community tend to interact cohesively. In this paper we explore a novel problem: Given a block model already found, describe the blocks using an auxiliary set of information. We formulate a combinatorial optimization problem which finds a unique disjunction of the auxiliary information shared by the nodes either in the same block or between a pair of different blocks. The former terms intra-block description, the latter inter-block description. Given an undirected graph and its \(k-\)block model, our method generates \(k + \frac{k(k-1)}{2}\) different descriptions. If the tags are descriptors of events occurring at the vertices, our descriptions can be interpreted as common events occurring within blocks and between blocks. We show that this problem is intractable even for simple cases, e.g., when the underlying graph is a tree with just two blocks. However, simple and efficient ILP formulations and algorithms exist for its relaxation and yield insights different from a state-of-the-art related work in unsupervised description. We empirically show the power of our work on multiple real-world large datasets.
Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. RESULTS: There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] -11.7 to -11.3, p < 0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95% CI -13.8 to -12.7, p < 0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95% CI -13.7 to -10.3, p = 0.001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95% CI 9.2-9.8, p < 0.0001) was noted over the 2 later (May, June) vs the 2 earlier (March, April) pandemic months. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID-19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months.
Insulin Dependence Increases the Risk of 30-Day Postoperative Complications Following Ankle Fracture Surgery in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Patients with diabetes mellitus that undergo ankle fracture surgery have higher rates of postoperative complications compared to patients without diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the rate of complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and patients without diabetes in the 30-day postoperative period following ankle fracture surgery. We also analyzed hospital length of stay, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and death. Patients who underwent operative management for ankle fractures between 2012 and 2016 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program® database using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Multiple logistic regression was implemented. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated along with the 95% confidence interval. A total of 19,547 patients undergoing ankle surgery were identified from 2012 to 2016. Of these patients, 989 (5.06%) had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 1256 (6.43%) had noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 17,302 (88.51%) did not have diabetes mellitus. Compared to patients without diabetes, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had significantly greater adjusted odds of superficial surgical site infections, deep surgical site infections, osteomyelitis, wound dehiscence, pneumonia, unplanned intubation, mechanical ventilation, urinary tract infection, cardiac arrest, bleeding requiring transfusion, sepsis, hospital length of stay, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and death following ankle fracture surgery. We demonstrate that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a strong predictor of 30-day postoperative complications, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and death following ankle fracture surgery.
Enhanced chemotaxis through spatially-regulated absolute concentration robustness

Chemotaxis, the directional motility of cells in response to spatial gradients of chemical cues, is a fundamental process behind a wide range of biological events, including the innate immune response and cancer metastasis. Recent advances in cell biology have shown that the protrusions that enable amoeboid cells to move are driven by the stochastic threshold crossings of an underlying excitable system. As a cell encounters a chemoattractant gradient, the size of this threshold is regulated spatially so that the crossings are biased towards the front of the cell. For efficient directional migration, cells must limit undesirable lateral and rear-directed protrusions. The inclusion of a control mechanism to suppress these unwanted firings would enhance chemotactic efficiency. It is known that absolute concentration robustness (ACR) exerts tight control over the mean and variance of species concentration. Here, we demonstrate how the coupling of the ACR mechanism to the cellular signaling machinery reduces the likelihood of threshold crossings in the excitable system. Moreover, we show that using the cell9s innate gradient sensing apparatus to direct the action of ACR to the rear, suppresses the lateral movement of the cells and that this results in improved chemotactic performance.
Pro-inflammatory β cell small extracellular vesicles induce β cell failure through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis in diabetes

Summary Coordinated communication among pancreatic islet cells is necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In diabetes, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to perturb β cell communication and function. Compelling evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating physiological and pathological responses to β cell stress. We report that pro-inflammatory β cell small EVs (cytokine-exposed EVs [cytoEVs]) induce β cell dysfunction, promote a pro-inflammatory islet transcriptome, and enhance recruitment of CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Proteomic analysis of cytoEVs shows enrichment of the chemokine CXCL10, with surface topological analysis depicting CXCL10 as membrane bound on cytoEVs to facilitate direct binding to CXCR3 receptors on the surface of β cells. CXCR3 receptor inhibition reduced CXCL10-cytoEV binding and attenuated β cell dysfunction, inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte recruitment to islets. This work implies a significant role of pro-inflammatory β cell-derived small EVs in modulating β cell function, global gene expression, and antigen presentation through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis.
DOMESTIC RELATIONS Alimony and Child Support Generally: Provide a Right to a Hearing When an Income Deduction Is Ordered Because of a One-Month Delinquency in Child Support; Provide Removal of Certain Exceptions to Applicability in Income Deductions

This portion of the Act accomplishes a housekeeping task of cleaning up a portion of chapter 6 of title 19, relating to the inclusion of non-Title IV obligors in income deduction orders. Further, the Act eliminates the fifteennday waiting period previously allotted a child support obligor after an order was entered as an opportunity to contest an income deduction which was issued upon a showing of a onenmonth delinquency. Under the Act, the obligor may request a hearing within fifteen days after receiving notice of delinquency. However, if the obligor does not exercise this right, the income deduction order takes effect without a hearing and without the additional fifteen days which were previously provided to contest the order.
Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Homeostasis

Publisher Summary Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), along with other calciotropic hormones, play critical roles in calcium homeostasis and bone biology. This chapter provides an overview on PTH hormone and calcium homeostasis. PTHrP is produced as a paracrine/autocrine factor in many different adult and fetal tissues and has, unlike PTH, multiple functions. PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands and is the critical regulator of blood calcium concentration in all-terrestrial vertebrate species. PTHrP is a slightly larger molecule than PTH. To ensure a multitude of essential cellular functions, the extracellular concentration of calcium is maintained within narrow limits vertebrates, calcium is necessary for adequate mineralization of the skeleton, which provides mechanical support and protection for internal organs and acts as levers for the various muscle groups involved in locomotion. The PTH1R gene is expressed in a large variety of fetal and adult tissues, but the receptor is most abundant in kidney and bone, where it mediates the endocrine actions of PTH in mineral ion homeostasis, and in the metaphyseal growth plate, where it mediates the autocrine/paracrine actions of locally synthesized PTHrP.
Pdsoi and Radiation Effects: An Overview

Bulk silicon substrates are a common characteristic of nearly all commercial, Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS), integrated circuits. These devices operate well on Earth, but are not so well received in the space environment. An alternative to bulk CMOS is the Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI), in which a &electric isolates the device layer from the substrate. SO1 behavior in the space environment has certain inherent advantages over bulk, a primary factor in its long-time appeal to space-flight IC designers. The discussion will investigate the behavior of the Partially-Depleted SO1 (PDSOI) device with respect to some of the more common space radiation effects: Total Ionized Dose (TID), Single-Event Upsets (SEUs), and Single-Event Latchup (SEL). Test and simulation results from the literature, bulk and epitaxial comparisons facilitate reinforcement of PDSOI radiation characteristics.
Logical Interpretation: Static Program Analysis Using Theorem Proving

This paper presents the foundations for using automated deduction technology in static program analysis. The central principle is the use of logical lattices--- a class of lattices defined on logical formulas in a logical theory --- in an abstract interpretation framework. Abstract interpretation over logical lattices, called logical interpretation, raises new challenges for theorem proving. We present an overview of some of the existing results in the field of logical interpretation and outline some requirements for building expressive and scalable logical interpreters.
A noise inequality for classical forces

Lorentz invariance requires local interactions, with force laws such as the Coulomb interaction arising via virtual exchange of force carriers such as photons. Many have considered the possibility that, at long distances or large mass scales, this process changes in some way to lead to classical behavior. Here we hypothesize that classical behavior could be due to an inability of some force carriers to convey entanglement, a characteristic measure of nonlocal, quantum behavior. We then prove that there exists a local test that allows one to verify entanglement generation, falsifying our hypothesis. Crucially, we show that noise measurements can directly verify entanglement generation. This provides a step forward for a wide variety of experimental systems where traditional entanglement tests are challenging, including entanglement generation by gravity alone between macroscopic torsional oscillators.
Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra-molecular architecture of thylakoid membranes

This review provides a brief historical account of how microscopical studies of chloroplasts have contributed to our current knowledge of the structural and functional organization of thylakoid membranes. It starts by tracing the origins of the terms plastid, grana, stroma and chloroplasts to light microscopic studies of 19th century German botanists, and then describes how different types of electron microscopical techniques have added to this field. The most notable contributions of thin section electron microscopy include the elucidation of the 3-D organization of thylakoid membranes, the discovery of prolamellar bodies in etioplasts, and the structural changes in thylakoid architecture that accompany the light-dependent transformation of etioplasts into chloroplasts. Attention is then focused on the roles that freeze-fracture and freeze-etch electron microscopy and immuno electron microscopy have played in defining the extent to which the functional complexes of thylakoids are non-randomly distributed between appressed, grana and non-appressed stroma thylakoids. Studies reporting on how this lateral differentiation can be altered experimentally, and how the spatial organization of functional complexes is affected by alterations in the light environment of plants are also included in this discussion. Finally, the review points to the possible uses of electron microscope tomography techniques in future structural studies of thylakoid membranes.
Recommendations for Dealing with Parents who Induce a Parental Alienation Syndrome in their Children

Abstract The parental alienation syndrome is commonly seen in highly contested child-custody disputes. The author has dcscribed three types: mild, moderate, and severe-each of which requires special approaches by both legal and mental health professionals. The purpose of this article is to correct some misinterpretations of the author's recommendations as well as to add some recently developed refinements. Particular focus is given to the transitional-site program that can be extremely useful for dealing with the scvcre type of, parental alienation syndrome. Dealing properly with parental-alienation— syndrome families requires close cooperation between legal and mcntal health professionals. Without such cooperation therapeutic approaches are not likely to succeed. With such cooperation the treatment, in many cases, is likely to be highly effective.