cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
XCV. Absorption measurements of the change of wave-length accompanying the scattering of X-rays

The present absorption measurements on hard X-rays, when combined with the writer's earlier measurements on γ-rays and his spectrum measurements on soft X-rays, show that over the range of primary ...
Novel metaphors appear anomalous at least momentarily: evidence from N400.

This study addresses a central question in perception of novel figurative language: whether it is interpreted intelligently and figuratively immediately, or only after a literal interpretation fails. Eighty sentence frames that could plausibly end with a literal, truly anomalous, or figurative word were created. After validation for meaningfulness and figurativeness, the 240 sentences were presented to 11 subjects for event related potential (ERP) recording. ERP's first 200 ms is believed to reflect the structuring of the input; the prominence of a dip at around 400 ms (N400) is said to relate inversely to how expected a word is. Results showed no difference between anomalous and metaphoric ERPs in the early window, metaphoric and literal ERPs converging 300-500 ms after the ending, and significant N400s only for anomalous endings. A follow-up study showed that the metaphoric endings were less frequent (in standardized word norms) than were the anomalous and literal endings and that there were significant differences in cloze probabilities (determined from 24 new subjects) among the three ending types: literal > metaphoric > anomalous. It is possible that the low frequency of the metaphoric element and lower cloze probability of the anomalous one contributed to the processes reflected in the early window, while the incongruity and near-zero cloze probability of the anomalous endings produced an N400 effect in them alone. The structure or parse derived for metaphor during the early window appears to yield a preliminary interpretation suggesting anomaly, while semantic analysis reflected in the later window renders a plausible figurative interpretation.
Chromatin and Histones: Binding of Tritiated Actinomycin D to Heterochromatin in Mealy Bugs

The degree of actinomycin D binding to DNA in chromatin is dependent upon the state of repression of chromatin. Living cells bind three times more tritiated actinomycin to euchromatin than to genetically inactive heterochromatin. Extraction of histone results in a general increase in tritiated actinomycin binding and in a ratio of the uptake in heterochromatin to that in euchromatin approaching unity.
Nitrous oxide diffusion into tracheal tube cuffs: comparison of five different tracheal tube cuffs

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate cuff compliance and cuff pressure during nitrous oxide exposure in the recently introduced Microcuff tracheal tube with a polyurethane cuff (Microcuff GmbH, Weinheim, Germany), and to compare it to conventional tracheal tubes with PVC cuffs. Methods: In an in vitro set up, five cuffed tracheal tubes (ID 7.0 mm) from different manufacturers (Microcuff HVLP, Portex Profile Soft Seal, Mallinckrodt HiLo, Rusch Super Safety Clear and Sheridan CF) were studied. Pressure–volume curves were assessed and changes of cuff pressure during exposure to nitrous oxide (for 60 min; 66% N2O in oxygen) were recorded without and with restriction of the cuff in a trachea model. Each experiment was performed four times using two exemplars of each tube twice. Sixty-minute values of the Microcuff group were compared with the other groups using the Mann– Whitney test (P < 0.05). Results: The Microcuff polyurethane cuff demonstrated an intermediate cuff compliance but the highest cuff pressure increase during nitrous oxide exposure under unrestricted conditions. When inflated within the artificial trachea its cuff compliance became the highest of all tested tracheal tubes. However, exposure to N2O, again led to a rapid increase in cuff pressure. Conclusion: The ultra-thin polyurethane tube cuff demonstrated higher permeability for nitrous oxide than conventional PVC cuffs and led to a rapid cuff pressure increase when exposed to N2O. Routinely checking of cuff-pressure or filling the cuff with nitrous oxide are more important than the brand of tube used.
Endoscopic Management of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon malignant tumor arising from the biliary epithelium. The incidence increases with age and usually affects individuals in their 6th or 7th decade of life. Those patients with underlying risk factors such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and choledochal cysts generally present 2 decades earlier. Most patients clinically present with painless jaundice; however, other common symptoms include pruritus, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Although surgical resection offers the only hope for cure, most patients are found to have unresectable disease on initial presentation and have an extremely grim prognosis. This has led to an emphasis on the role of palliative care, with relief of biliary obstruction, in the management of these patients. Surgical bypass was once the primary means of palliation of jaundice in patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma but in the last 2 decades has been superseded by less invasive and less morbid nonsurgical procedures such as endoscopic and percutaneous biliary stent placement. Newer modalities of palliation such as endoscopic delivery of photodynamic therapy and high-intensity ultrasound therapy are emerging nonsurgical modalities that may result in improved survival and may play a future role as an adjunctive therapy to surgical resection.
Beta-silyl-substituted silaadamantyl, silabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, silanorbornyl, and 1-silacyclohexyl cations. A theoretical (DFT and GIAO NMR) study.

Parent 1-silaadamant-1-yl (1+) and a series of mono-β-silyl-substituted- (2-Me+, 2-F+, 2-Cl+, 2-Br+), bis-β-silyl-substituted- (3-Me+), and tris-β-silyl-substituted (4-Me+)-1-silaadamant-1-yl cations were studied by the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level and by GIAO NMR at the B3LYP/ 6-31G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The geometries, relative energies, NMR chemical shifts, and charge distribution in the bridgehead silylium ions are discussed and compared. The magnitude of the β-silyl effect (the Si−C−Si+ hyperconjugation) is gauged as a function of structure. Related model studies on the silabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl (5+, 6+, 5a+, and 6a+), silanorbornyl (7+ and 8+), and silacyclohexyl cations (9+ and 10+) were carried out in which the effect of β-silyl substitution on geometry, stability, and NMR chemical shifts was probed. The acyclic model Me3Si−CH2−Si+(Me)2 (11+) was used to gauge the influence of the twist angle between the p-orbital at Si+ and the C−Si bond on relative stability and on the changes ...
Monitoring parenteral nutrition intraoperatively with the dextrometer.

Patients receiving parenteral nutrition support frequently undergo operative procedures. Proper selection of patients and close monitoring of glucose levels are crucial if parenteral nutrition is to be maintained intraoperatively. The Dextrometer was used in 10 patients receiving parenteral nutrition intraoperatively. The difference between the Dextrometer readings and the serum glucose level obtained by laboratory analysis was less than 10% in 83% of cases and readings were most accurate in the 200 to 400 mg/dl range. The Dextrometer provides a simple, inexpensive, and reasonably accurate method of monitoring glucose intraoperatively as part of the optimal management of these patients. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:492-494, 1983)
Attempted Infection of the Hen and Man with the Sporozoites of Plasmodium cathemerium 3H2.

SummaryThe sporozoites of P. cathe-merium 3H2, an organism causing severe infections in canaries, were injected intramuscularly in large numbers into full-grown barnyard hens, In the respective trials the in-jectum consisted of (a) the gauze filtrate of infected mosquitoes ground in fresh hen plasma; (b) the gauze filtrate of infected mosquitoes ground in hen plasma obtained after allowing the drawn blood to stand for one hour at room temperature; (c) the gauze filtrate of infected mosquitoes ground in Locke's solution; (d) whole canary blood to which was added the gauze filtrate of infected mosquitoes ground in Locke's solution, the mixture being incubated at the temperature of hen blood for 2 1/2 hours before using for injection. None of the injected hens in any of the trials became infected and all of the canaries injected as controls did become infected.Two human volunteers were bitten, respectively, by 11 and 17 mosquitoes infected with P. cathemerium 3H2; neither of the individuals became infected s...
Use of phosphorus ligand NMR probes to investigate electronic and second-sphere solvent effects in ligand substitution reactions at manganese(II) and manganese(III).

Manganese/ligand association dynamics were studied using a series of structurally related anionic phosphorus ester ligand probes [CH 3 OP(O)(X)(Y) - , where X = CH 3 O, CH 3 CH 2 , or H and Y = O, S, or BH 3 ]. Reactions of theprobe ions with Mn(H 2 O) 6 2 + and a manganese(III) porphyrin (Mn I I I TMPyP 5 + ) were studied in aqueous solution by paramagnetic 3 1 P NMR line-broadening techniques. A satisfactory linear free energy relationship for reactions of the probe ions with Mn(H 2 O) 6 2 + and Mn I I I TMPyP 5 + required consideration of both the basicity and solvent affinity of the probe ligands: log(k a p p ) = log(k 0 ) + a pK a + β log(K e x t ), where k 0 , a, and β are metal complex dependent parameters and pKa and K e x t represent the measured Bronsted acidity and water/n-butanol extraction constant for the probe anions, respectively. Reactions of Mn(H 2 O) 6 2 + were relatively insensitive to changes in ligand basicity (a = -0.04) and favored the more hydrophilic anions (β = -0.54). These observations are consistent with a dissociative ligand exchange mechanism wherein the outer-sphere complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between Mn(H 2 O) 6 2 + and the incoming ligand. In contrast, reactions with Mn I I I TMPyP 5 + are accelerated by decreases in both the basicity (a = -0.43) and the hydrophilicity (β = +0.97) of the probe. We conclude that reactions of Mn I I I TMPyP 5 + are also dissociative but that the aromatic groups of the porphyrin provide a hydrophobic environment surrounding the ligand binding site in Mn I I I TMPyP 5 + . Thus, the probe/water solvent interactions must be significantly weakened in order to form the outer-sphere complex that leads to ligand substitution. This work demonstrates the utility of phosphorus relaxation enhancement (PhoRE) techniques for characterizing the second coordination sphere environment of metal complexes leading to ligation and will allow comparison of the second coordination spheres of Mn(H 2 O) 6 2 + and Mn I I I TMPyP 5 + to those of other metal complexes.
Crosstalk between estrogen receptor α and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer cells involves unidirectional activation of proteasomes

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental toxin that activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and disrupts multiple endocrine signaling pathways. T47D human breast cancer cells express a functional estrogen receptor α (ERα) and AhR, and treatment of these cells with 17β-estradiol (E2) or TCDD resulted in a rapid proteasome-dependent decrease in immunoreactive ERα and AhR proteins (>60–80%), respectively. E2 did not affect the AhR, whereas TCDD induced proteasome-dependent degradation of both the AhR and ERα in T47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and these responses were specifically blocked by proteasome inhibitors. Thus, TCDD-induced degradation of ERα may contribute to the antiestrogenic activity of AhR agonists and this pathway may be involved in AhR-mediated disruption of other endocrine responses.
Self-efficacy and health

Abstract This article reviews the findings of different lines of research applying self-efficacy theory to various facets of health behavior. Perceived self-efficacy concerns patients' judgments of their coping capabilities in designated areas of functioning. Converging findings from several areas of research show that the effects of therapeutic interventions on health behavior are partly mediated by changes in perceived self-efficacy. Perceived self-efficacy has been shown to play a significant role in such diverse forms of health behavior as smoking-cessation relapse, pain experience and management, control of eating and weight, success of recovery from myocardial infarction and adherence to preventive health programs. These results point to the importance of perceived self-efficacy as a cognitive factor affecting health.
Optical security system employing quadrature multiplexing

A novel information security system is developed, employing quadrature multiplexing, to be implemented using optoelectronic devices. Two information signals are encrypted using the same code but two orthogonal functions, and then they are multiplexed together in the same domain. With orthogonal functions having zero cross-correlation between them, the encrypted information remains unaffected. Each encryption and multiplexing process can accommodate two information signals for a single code and hence for a single storage cell or transmission channel. The same process can be performed in multiple steps to increase the multiplexing capability of the system. The proposed security system can enhance the storage capacity and/or maximize the utilization of the available transmission bandwidth. For decryption, the composite encoded signal is correlated using the appropriate code and function. Computer simulation results show that the proposed security system is capable of dealing with both binary and gray-level images with the encrypted images remaining secure.
Evidence that Ghrelin Is as Potent as Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) in Releasing GH from Primary Pituitary Cell Cultures of a Nonhuman Primate (Papio anubis), Acting through Intracellular Signaling Pathways Distinct from GHRH

Ghrelin is more effective than GHRH in stimulating GH release in normal adult humans and monkeys in vivo. This robust effect of ghrelin has been largely attributed to regulation of hypothalamic input, whereas the direct effect of ghrelin on pituitary GH release has been minimized by the observation that ghrelin has only a modest impact on GH release, compared with GHRH, in cultures prepared from human fetal pituitaries and GH-producing adenomas, as well as pituitaries from nonprimate species. However, comparable in vitro studies have not been performed to test the direct effect of ghrelin on normal adult primates. Therefore, in the present study, primary pituitary cell cultures from female baboons (Papio anubis) were used as a model system to test the direct effects of ghrelin on primate somatotrope function. In this model, both ghrelin and GHRH increased GH release in a dose-dependent fashion. Surprisingly, at maximal concentrations (10 nM), both ghrelin and GHRH elicited a robust increase in GH release (4 and 24 h, respectively), and both up-regulated GH secretagogue-receptor and GHRH-receptor mRNA levels (24 h). Combined treatment with ghrelin and GHRH resulted in an additive effect on GH release, suggesting that distinct intracellular signaling pathways are activated by each ligand, as confirmed by the use of specific inhibitors of intracellular signaling. Together, these results present the first evidence that a direct effect of ghrelin on somatotrope function may play a major role in stimulating GH release in primates. (Endocrinology 148: 4440–4449, 2007)
Fast spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging of thoracic aortic dissection: Preliminary clinical experience at 1.5 T☆

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fast spoiled gradient-recalled (FSPGR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Twenty-eight patients with suspected TAD underwent MR imaging with FSPGR and either cine or cardiac-gated spin-echo MR techniques. The average scanning time for the FSPGR images was approximately 1 min. Three readers interpreted the FSPGR images for the presence or absence of TAD. An ROC analysis was done. At a specificity of 90%, the sensitivity ranged from 52% to 90% for the three readers. Pulsatility artifacts and mural thrombus were causes of false-positive and false-negative readings. The areas under the ROC curves (Az) ranged from 0.85 to 0.97 for the three readers. There was a statistically significant difference in the Az values for two of the experienced readers (p = .02). The correct type of dissection was determined in only 65% of the true-positive diagnoses. FSPGR has a very limited role in screening and for rapid evaluation of the unstable patient. The results are reader dependent and susceptible to pulsatility artifacts. Determination of the type of dissection is limited. With a suspected thoracic aortic dissection, therefore, additional imaging sequences should be obtained to maximize accuracy.
Longitudinal monitoring of CA125 levels provides additional information about survival in ovarian cancer

Background We investigated the prognostic impact of changes in serum CA125 levels during the first 3 months of therapy in ovarian cancer.
“Monument Facts and Higher Critical Fancies”: Archaeology and the Popularization of Old Testament Criticism in Nineteenth-Century Britain

Historians of the development of biblical criticism in the nineteenth century have normally treated this aspect of intellectual history as a preserve of the university don and the ambitious cleric. However, further study points to a movement of considerable magnitude and momentum beginning in the last decades of that century which aimed at popularizing the methods and results of the higher criticism of the Old Testament. Widespread popular recognition of a critical approach to the Old Testament and its implications began in the 1860s in response to the work of J. W. Colenso and the contributors to Essays and Reviews .
The modulation of sensorimotor gating deficits by mesolimbic cholecystokinin

The effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) in an animal model of sensorimotor-gating deficits with strong face, construct and predictive validity for schizophrenia were investigated. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) occurs when a weak acoustic lead stimulus inhibits the startle response to a loud startling stimulus. Infusions of sulfated CCK-8 in the posterior nucleus accumbens potentiated apomorphine-induced disruption of PPI but had no effect on baseline PPI or the amplitude of acoustic startle reflex itself. The results provide evidence that mesolimibic CCK may play a role in regulating sensorimotor gating deficits but contradict earlier notions that CCK agonists may have antipsychotic properties and upon which clinical trials of CCK agonists in schizophrenia were based. Rather, these results suggest that antagonists of CCK may display neuroleptic-like actions on deficits in PPI and may hold greater promise as antipsychotics.
Foot lateralization and psychomotor control in four-year-olds.

Summary.-The assumption that young children who have established a preferred and consistent use of lateral Limb control may have an advantage in motor skill competence over individuals who do not exhibit established dominant behavioe, was the focus of this investigation. The research identified the lateral foot preferences of 153 4-yr.-olds and compared preference groups (right, nonestablished, left) with motor skill competence. Analysis indicated no statistically significant differences on the eight motor tasks among the three groups, however, right-footed children outperformed the subjects with nonestablished foot preference on six of the eight tasks. This speculation is in the direction predicted by previous researchen and demands further inquiry. The study of human laterality is one method by which researchers and educators can study the genesis of brain development and its relation to domain-specific interaction and performance. In recent years, there has evolved a new investigative trend associated with lateral preference and motor skill competence. While the comparative analysis for left- and righthanded persons continues, more emphasis is being focused on the performance of children who do not show a consistent lateral preference relative to their "established" (i.e., lateral dominant) peers. Two studies (Kaufman, Zalrna, & Kaufman, 1978; Tan, 1985) have shown that young chddren (4 and 5 yr.) who had not established lateral hand preferences had significantly lower motor performance scores than subjects who exhibited lateral dominance. Both reports suggested that those children who establish lateral dominance (handedness) early are better coordinated than those without established preferences. Such evidence may also lead to speculation about the relation of brain development, the genesis of lateral preferences, and motor control. While there are many data available on hand preferences, few inquiries
In-Depth Use of Modeling in Engineering Coursework to Enhance Problem Solving

There has been recent interest among engineering educators in the use of models and modeling as a means to promote vertical skills integration and problem solving within undergraduate engineering curriculums. We have extended the MEA (Model Eliciting Activities) construct to upper division engineering courses, reformulated the resultant exercises as MIAs (Model Integrating Activities). These were introduced as part of a pilot course focused on enhancing problem solving abilities for junior and senior level industrial engineering students. The course focused on developing systems thinking in order to solve unstructured problems, some of which incorporated global and ethical considerations. The course challenged students to practice various behavioral and professional skills, including ad-hoc teaming, written and verbal communication, revision and refinement of group work, and reflection. We learned valuable lessons from this unique, non-traditional class, which serves as a lead-in to an upcoming four-year research effort by six institutions to expand the application of MEAs to five engineering disciplines. One important lesson learned was the potential of a well-constructed MIA to uncover subject-area misconceptions held by students. We discuss this, other lessons learned, and challenges identified that should be addressed to better achieve our pedagogical objectives. This chapter discusses our experiences with this unique engineering course.
Memory reconsolidation of cocaine-associated context requires nitric oxide signaling.

Recent studies suggest that long-term memory (LTM) is labile because retrieval of such memories may undergo a reconsolidation process which is vulnerable to disruption. Nitric oxide (NO) is a retrograde messenger involved in synaptic plasticity and LTM. In the present study the role of NO in reconsolidation of LTM of cocaine-associate context was investigated in wild type (WT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) deficient mice (knockout; KO). LTM of cocaine-associated context was established in both WT and nNOS KO mice by conditioned place preference learning. Subsequently, the retrieval of place preference in WT mice was challenged by either saline or the selective nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole, and retrieval of place preference in KO mice was challenged by either saline or the NO-donor molsidomine. Results suggest that in the absence of nNOS activity, particularly during the reconsolidation phase, LTM of cocaine-associated context is extinguished. Synapse 61:1002–1005, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical Changes in the Genitalia of Males of the Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominovirax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Caused by Mating

Evident differences in the gross morphology of the genitalia among male specimens of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), are shown to result from mating. Various changes with use are illustrated, and other differences are demonstrated to result from angle of view or normal variation. These differences cannot be used to separate populations of the screwworm.
A Taxonomy of Cause-Related Marketing Research: Current Findings and Future Research Directions

ABSTRACT Cause-related marketing is an increasingly popular method of improving marketing relationships with customers, both for the sponsoring company and for the participating cause. This paper outlines the rewards and risks for the company and the cause as they consider this type of partnership, as well as the benefits and drawbacks for the customers asked to participate in these programs through the purchase of the sponsored product or service. Future directions for research are recommended in order to (1) expand the findings within this domain, and (2) to maximize sales results from cause-related marketing initiatives for businesses and causes.
DLoVe: using constraints to allow parallel processing in multi-user virtual reality

In this paper, we introduce DLoVe, a new paradigm for designing and implementing distributed and nondistributed virtual reality applications, using one-way constraints. DLoVe allows programs written in its framework to be executed on multiple computers for improved performance. It also allows easy specification and implementation of multi-user interfaces. DLoVe hides all the networking aspects of message passing among the machines in the distributed environment and performs the needed network optimizations. As a result, a user of DLoVe does not need to understand parallel and distributed programming to use the system; he or she needs only be able to use the serial version of the user interface description language. Parallelizing the computation is performed by DLoVe, without modifying the interface description.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RESOURCE PULSES

Over the last several decades, there has been a growing appreciation of the importance of nonequilibrial phenomena and transient dynamics in explaining the structure of ecological communities. This paper provides an overview of theoretical themes related to resource pulses. Theoretical models suggest short-term responses to a single pulse can qualitatively differ from longer-term responses. Recurrent resource pulses can alter community structure, permitting coexistence that otherwise would not occur, or hamper coexistence mechanisms effective in stable environments. For a given resource input, system responses can be more dramatic with short pulses. Resource pulses can cause transitions between alternative states. Dispersal permits species to exploit locally sporadic resource pulses and persist in environments that on average are unsuitable. All these issues are ripe for further theoretical explorations.
Tightening simple mixed-integer sets with guaranteed bounds

In this paper we study how to reformulate knapsack sets and simple mixed integer sets in order to obtain provably tight, polynomially large formulations.
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 as Transducer of Physiologic Influences on Cellular Cholesterol: A Case for Resistin⁎

Circulating cholesterol represents a small fraction (less than 3%) of whole body cholesterol ([1,2][1]), and its concentration depends on the balance between lipoprotein output (from liver and intestine) and lipoprotein clearance (mostly by the liver); both processes are regulated at the cellular
Entrepreneurial Educators: A Narrative Study Examining Entrepreneurial Educators In Launching Innovative Practices For K-12 Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine the entrepreneurial orientation reflected in the experiences of seasoned entrepreneurial educators as they reflect on the development of their innovative practices. The researcher used the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Lumpkin and Dess (1996) as a theoretical lens to accompany interpretive research perspective. An in-depth literature review revealed many differing definitions of entrepreneurship and few ideas on educational entrepreneurs. A qualitative approach was selected to gain data through the use of artifact collection and open-ended interviews. Data was analyzed using the three-dimension space approach model of Clandinin and Connelly (2000). Individual participant profiles were created before a collective restory was made. Five participants who were purposefully selected as being educational entrepreneurs were used. Based on the data, six themes, and additional subthemes emerged. The findings partly agreed with Lumpkin and Dess’s (1996) Entrepreneurial Orientation. The study found that educational entrepreneurs are: risk-takers, innovators, proactive, built on prior positive experiences, had difficulties starting, and were collaborative.
Minimizing the Roots of a Racialized Social System: Ignoring Gender—Lethal Policing and Why We Must Talk More, Not Less, About Race and Gender

This essay serves as a response to Hirschfield's (2015) article, “Lethal Policing: Making Sense of American Exceptionalism,” published in the December 2015 issue of this journal.
A generation of resistance

Over the last few years in Egypt, female cartoonists have ventured into the traditionally male-dominated arena of political cartoons. For the first time, a group of female cartoonists has emerged, and is expressing its opinions about global, local, and female-related issues. This article discusses the works of young Egyptian female cartoonists and some of the initiatives in which they have participated. I explore their works as sites of resistance that challenge the power hierarchies within the patriarchal structure in post-revolution era Egypt. I use Karl Mannheim’s concept of generation style to suggest that their works will have long-term ramifications for the political scene in Egypt over the coming years. For, in spite of the aborted revolution, a young generation is still carving space that resists the dominant masculine structure in an effort to re-sculpt notions of equity in terms that appropriately reflect the gendered interests of women.
On the Validity and Reliability of Direct Similarity Judgments

The writers raise several conceptual issues concerning direct similarity judgments and provide data on their reliability and validity. The results present a discouraging view of the reliability and...
The Canadian Federal Government, Cultural Eutrophication, and the Regulation of Detergent Phosphates, 1970

During the past quarter century one of the many issues that environmentalists around the world have been concerned with is the cultural eutrophication of lakes and estuaries. The process of eutrophication, that is, of waters becoming rich in nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, is a natural one, though occurring over geological time. The introduction of large amounts of nutrients through the activities of mankind greatly accelerates eutrophication and is called cultural eutrophication. This paper examines how the issue of cultural eutrophication arose in North America and how Canadians responded initially to it.
Bicliques in Graphs with Correlated Edges: From Artificial to Biological Networks

Networks representing complex biological interactions are often very intricate and rely on algorithmic tools for thorough quantitative analysis. In bi-layered graphs, identifying subgraphs of potential biological meaning relies on identifying bicliques between two sets of associated nodes, or variables – for example, diseases and genetic variants. Researchers have developed multiple approaches for forming bicliques and it is important to understand the features of these models and their applicability to real-life problems. We introduce a novel algorithm specifically designed for finding maximal bicliques in large datasets. In this study, we applied this algorithm to a variety of networks, including artificially generated networks as well as biological networks based on phenotype-genotype and phenotype-pathway interactions. We analyzed performance with respect to network features including density, node degree distribution, and correlation between nodes, with density being the major contributor to computational complexity. We also examined sample bicliques and postulate that these bicliques could be useful in elucidating the genetic and biological underpinnings of shared disease etiologies and in guiding hypothesis generation. Moving forward, we propose additional features, such as weighted edges between nodes, that could enhance our study of biological networks.
On-site high speed balancing of turbo-generator

Unbalance is a major fault of turbo-generator.Dynamic balancing is the primary means to eliminate the vibration.The paper is based on the theory of flexible rotors.And introduces balance examinations process and some typical balance examples that the author has deal with.Abnormal phenomenon during balance work is summarized.It is useful for the further balance work.
PULLOUT BEHAVIOR OF PRECAST CONCRETE ASSEMBLY SPREAD FOUNDATION

The precast concrete assembly spread foundation for Qinghai-Tibet AC750kV/DC±400kV grid interconnection project in a frozen soil area was tested under pullout loading.The mechanical co-working properties for the different structural parts of the foundation were analyzed based on the monitoring results of their displacement and stress.Under an uplift load,the displacement of the ring flange connecting the column and the bottom slab and the joint seam of the two consolidated bottom slabs conformed with that of the top plane of the foundation.Three stages of the elastic,elastic-plasticity and failure were observed according to loading-displacement curves of the foundation.Moreover,the stress of the connecting anchor bolts and channel beams increased with the tension load.Under a designing load,all connecting anchor bolts and channel beams were in elastic stress status.Because of the structural characteristic of the assembly foundation,the gaps among the assembly parts,the discrepancy of the nut screwing up and the mismatching tolerance existed during consolidating.Therefore,under the tension load and the dead weight of the soil above the foundation,the two edges which were parallel to the joint seam of two consolidated foundation slabs had a tendency to down warping.And the displacements of all angular measuring points were less than the displacement of the top plane of the foundation.The displacement and the stress of the different connected parts redistributed until the new balance developed.As a result,the different connected parts of the precast concrete assembly foundation co-operated to carry the tension load.All structural parts foundation had good entirety.And the earth cone method can be adopted to determine its ultimate uplift bearing capacity.
Investigation and analysis on pesticide residues in vegetables from 2006 to 2010

Objective:To explore the causes and control measures of pesticide residue in vegetables by understanding the status of pesticide residues in vegetables from 2006 to 2010.Methods: The detection data of pesticide residues in vegetables from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed with retrospective epidemiological method.Results: 1.95 vegetable samples were detected by gas chromatography from 2006 to 2010,of which 20 samples were not qualified,and 15 kinds of illegal pesticides were detected with organophosphate pesticide detection rate up to 21.1%.2.5790 vegetable samples were detected by speed test card from 2006 to 2010,pesticide detection rate was between 2.8%~7.4%,with the average rate of 4.5%.Conclusion: Pesticide residues were detected in vegetables in last 5 years with volatility.
Prevention and control of influenza by Wisconsin family physicians: a WReN supported study.

PROBLEM Although patients infected with influenza commonly present to family physicians, little is known about the usual clinical practices utilized by these physicians regarding influenza. METHODS A 1-page questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of Wisconsin family physicians. Responses were used to describe current management style and evaluate for possible relationships between management style and demographic and practice variables. RESULTS Completed questionnaires were obtained from 89 (29%) physicians. Influenza was perceived as a moderately important and frequent illness. Physicians estimated that 66% of their high-risk patients received immunization. Antiviral medications were infrequently used, mostly for older patients and those with comorbid conditions. The news media, other physicians and public health officials were the most common sources of information on influenza. CONCLUSIONS Family physicians utilize current guidelines for prevention and control of influenza. Improvements can be made in mechanisms to identify high-risk patients and improved access to surveillance reports.
THE MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE

The functions of the muscularis mucosae are not well defined. In most animals, there is an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer. There is also contractile tissue running into the villi. The muscularis mucosae varies in thickness in different animals and in different parts of the bowel. In some animals it is particularly thick in the lower part of the ileum. The thickness of this muscular layer seems to be related to the thickness of the whole stratum subglandularis. The muscularis mucosae appear to be strongest in animals that eat food which leaves a residue of sharp particles in the bowel. Stimulation of the vagus nerves has little if any effect on it. Strong stimulation of the splanchnic nerves usually produces relaxation. The villi contract in a pumping manner, each one independently of its neighbors. They are thrown into activity by a hormone called “villikinine” and by yeast extract and other substances. The pumping movements of the villi probably help in the absorption of fat.
Primo Levi's Gray Zone: Implications for Post-Holocaust Ethics

The Holocaust calls into question the very possibility of ethics. In his landmark book The Drowned and the Saved (first published in 1986), Primo Levi introduced the notion of a moral “gray zone.” The author of this essay re-examines Levi’s use of the term. He discusses some of the ways in which the expression has been misappropriated and misunderstood—and why this matters.
Gene expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent ciguatera fish poisoning: Preliminary studies

Ciguatera fish poisoning (ciguatera) is a common clinical syndrome in areas where there is dependence on tropical reef fish for food. A subset of patients develops recurrent and, in some instances, chronic symptoms, which may result in substantial disability. To identify possible biomarkers for recurrent/chronic disease, and to explore correlations with immune gene expression, peripheral blood leukocyte gene expression in 10 ciguatera patients (7 recurrent and 3 acute) from the U.S. Virgin Islands, and 5 unexposed Florida controls were evaluated. Significant differences in gene expression were noted when comparing ciguatera patients and controls; however, it was not possible to differentiate between patients with acute and recurrent disease, possibly due to the small sample sizes involved.
Steady states in matching and bargaining

Abstract We establish the existence of steady states in two classic matching and bargaining models with general trader asymmetries, search processes, and production functions.
Smart City Surveillance in Fog Computing

The Internet and Internet of Things (IoT) make the Smart City concept an achievable and attractive proposition. Efficient information abstraction and quick decision making, the most essential parts of situational awareness (SAW), are still complex due to the overwhelming amount of dynamic data and the tight constraints on processing time. In many urban surveillance tasks, powerful Cloud technology cannot satisfy the tight latency tolerance as the servers are allocated far from the sensing platform; in other words there is no guaranteed connection in the emergency situations. Therefore, data processing, information fusion and decision making are required to be executed on-site (i.e., near the data collection locations). Fog Computing, a recently proposed extension of Cloud Computing, enables on-site computing without migrating jobs to a remote Cloud. In this chapter, we firstly introduce the motivations and definition of smart cities as well as the existing challenges. Then the concepts and advantages of Fog Computing are discussed. Additionally, we investigate the feasibility of Fog Computing for real-time urban surveillance using speeding traffic detection as a case study. Adopting a drone to monitor the moving vehicles, a Fog Computing prototype is developed. The results validate the effectiveness of our Fog Computing based approach for on-site, online, uninterrupted urban surveillance tasks.
Acute Stroke due to Electrocution: Uncommon or Unrecognized?

The growing dependence on electricity in our daily lives has increased the incidence of electrocution injuries. Although several neurological injuries have been described previously, acute stroke due to electrocution is rare. Our patient, a previously healthy man, was electrocuted after he grabbed a “live” high-voltage wire. Although he was hemodynamically stable, he remained confused with language defects. MRI of the brain showed acute stroke in the bilateral anterior cerebral artery territory and watershed regions of the left middle cerebral artery territory. MR angiogram incidentally showed A1 segment aplasia of the right anterior cerebral artery. Electrocution is known to cause vasospasm leading to end-organ damage similar to that seen in stroke. In our patient, vasospasm of the left anterior circulation likely led to watershed infarcts in the left parietal lobe and bilateral frontal lobes. Due to aplasia of the A1 segment on the right side, perfusion to both frontal lobes was solely from the left anterior cerebral artery.
Can Unicorns Help Users Compare Crypto Key Fingerprints

Many authentication schemes ask users to manually compare compact representations of cryptographic keys, known as fingerprints. If the fingerprints do not match, that may signal a man-in-the-middle attack. An adversary performing an attack may use a fingerprint that is similar to the target fingerprint, but not an exact match, to try to fool inattentive users. Fingerprint representations should thus be both usable and secure. We tested the usability and security of eight fingerprint representations under different configurations. In a 661-participant between-subjects experiment, participants compared fingerprints under realistic conditions and were subjected to a simulated attack. The best configuration allowed attacks to succeed 6% of the time; the worst 72%. We find the seemingly effective compare-and-select approach performs poorly for key fingerprints and that graphical fingerprint representations, while intuitive and fast, vary in performance. We identify some fingerprint representations as particularly promising.
Robust wireless power transfer using a nonlinear parity–time-symmetric circuit

Considerable progress in wireless power transfer has been made in the realm of non-radiative transfer, which employs magnetic-field coupling in the near field. A combination of circuit resonance and impedance transformation is often used to help to achieve efficient transfer of power over a predetermined distance of about the size of the resonators. The development of non-radiative wireless power transfer has paved the way towards real-world applications such as wireless powering of implantable medical devices and wireless charging of stationary electric vehicles. However, it remains a fundamental challenge to create a wireless power transfer system in which the transfer efficiency is robust against the variation of operating conditions. Here we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that a parity-time-symmetric circuit incorporating a nonlinear gain saturation element provides robust wireless power transfer. Our results show that the transfer efficiency remains near unity over a distance variation of approximately one metre, without the need for any tuning. This is in contrast with conventional methods where high transfer efficiency can only be maintained by constantly tuning the frequency or the internal coupling parameters as the transfer distance or the relative orientation of the source and receiver units is varied. The use of a nonlinear parity-time-symmetric circuit should enable robust wireless power transfer to moving devices or vehicles.
Chlamydia trachomatis Is Responsible for Lipid Vacuolation in the Amniotic Epithelium of Fetal Gastroschisis.

Background Vacuolated amniotic epithelium with lipid droplets in gastroschisis placentas is an unusual finding. Mass spectrometry of lipid droplets identified triglycerides, ester-linked to an unusual pattern of fatty acids. We hypothesize that these findings result from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection during the periconceptional period. The rising incidence of chlamydia infections has paralleled the increasing prevalence of gastroschisis among women less than 25 years of age. Histologically, young women are at greatest risk for a chlamydia infection due to their immature columnar epithelium, the preferential site for attachment of Chlamydia trachomatis infectious particle (elementary body). Methods Chlamydia trachomatis survive in an inclusion, relying on its host to acquire essential nutrients, amino acids, and nucleotides for survival and replication. If essential nutrients are not available, the bacteria cannot replicate and may be trafficked to the lysosome for degradation or remain quiescent, within the inclusion, subverting innate immunologic clearance. Results Chlamydiae synthesize several lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoatidylglycerol); however, their lipid content reveal eukaryotic lipids (sphingomyelin, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol), evidence that chlamydiae “hijack” host lipids for expansion and replication. Conclusion The abnormal amniotic epithelial findings are supported by experimental evidence of the trafficking of host lipids into the chlamydiae inclusion. If not lethal, what harm will elementary bodies inflict to the developing embryo? Do these women have a greater pro-inflammatory response to an environmental exposure, whether cigarette smoking, change in partner, or a pathogen? Testing the hypothesis that Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for amniotic epithelium vacuoles will be a critical first step. Birth Defects Research 109:1003–1010, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract Spaces. Hilbert Space

In this chapter we take a decisive step and strip the concepts of “space” and “vector” of any concrete meaning; a space then becomes a set endowed with a certain structure described by axioms, and a vector an unspecified element of the set.
Cardiac calcium channels

Calcium (Ca) channels are an essential contributor to cardiac electrophysiologic properties and are also the critical initiator of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release channels that are activated by transsarcolemmal Ca influx are described in Chapter 6 . For additional detail and references on cardiac Ca channels and excitation-contraction coupling see Bers and coworkers. 1 2
Annals Consult Guys – A Stumper: How Much Spent for How Much Prevention?

Howard and Geno challenge us to think about what is known and what is not known about what we might assume to be well-established preventive therapy. Can your team get the right answer?
A Representativeness Assessment of the Angell–Korshover 63-Station Network Sampling Based on Reanalysis Temperature Data

Global climate observations from ground stations require an evaluation of the effectiveness of a station network, which is often an assessment of the geometric distribution of n points on a sphere....