cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specificities of the two genetically distinct β-galactosidases in human sphingolipidoses

Abstract Human brain and hepatic β-galactosidases were examined for their activities against an artificial fluorogenic substrate and four natural glycosphingolipid substrates. Using the solubilization characteristics and behavior in Sephadex G-200 gel filtration as the criteria, two enzymes were present in both organs. One enzyme was eluted from the Sephadex column immediately after the void volume and was active primarily toward galactosylceramide and lactosylceramide (group A). The other was retarded in the Sephadex column and was active toward 4-methylumbelliferyl β-galactoside, lactosylceramide, galactosyl- N -acetylgalactosaminyl-[ N -acetylneuraminyl]galactosyl-glucosylceramide (G M1 -ganglioside) and galactosyl- N -acetylgalactosaminyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide (asialo G M1 -ganglioside) (group B). The data provided direct evidence to support our previous hypothesis that both of the two β-galactosidases are active toward lactosylceramide. The group A activities were deficient in tissues from patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy, and the group B activities were deficient in G M1 -gangliosidosis. However, the residual group A activities in globoid cell leukodystrophy showed solubility and gel filtration characteristics similar to normal group B activities. The residual group B activities, except for G M1 -ganglioside-cleaving activity, in G M1 -gangliosidosis behaved like normal group A activities. The data suggest that the so-called “residual” enzymatic activities in these genetic disorders might be, at least in part, due to the other genetically unaffected β-galactosidases rather than due to the genuine residual activities of the mutant enzymes.
H19 Imprinting Control Region Methylation Requires an Imprinted Environment Only in the Male Germ Line

The 2.4-kb H19 imprinting control region (H19ICR) is required to establish parent-of-origin-specific epigenetic marks and expression patterns at the Igf2/H19 locus. H19ICR activity is regulated by DNA methylation. The ICR is methylated in sperm but not in oocytes, and this paternal chromosome-specific methylation is maintained throughout development. We recently showed that the H19ICR can work as an ICR even when inserted into the normally nonimprinted alpha fetoprotein locus. Paternal but not maternal copies of the ICR become methylated in somatic tissue. However, the ectopic ICR remains unmethylated in sperm. To extend these findings and investigate the mechanisms that lead to methylation of the H19ICR in the male germ line, we characterized novel mouse knock-in lines. Our data confirm that the 2.4-kb element is an autonomously acting ICR whose function is not dependent on germ line methylation. Ectopic ICRs become methylated in the male germ line, but the timing of methylation is influenced by the insertion site and by additional genetic information. Our results support the idea that DNA methylation is not the primary genomic imprint and that the H19ICR insertion is sufficient to transmit parent-of-origin-dependent DNA methylation patterns independent of its methylation status in sperm.
Electrophysiological responses of tarsal contact chemoreceptors of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella to salt, sucrose and oviposition-deterrent pheromone

The responses of contact chemosensory sensilla on the tarsi of the apple maggot fly,Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), to a range of concentrations of salt, sucrose and oviposition-deterrent pheromone were studied (Fig. 1). Examination of dose-response curves (Fig. 2), short- and long-term adaptation (Figs. 3+4, Table 1) and impulse height and duration (Fig. 5, Table 2) indicated that each stimulant elicited a characteristic response. Stimulation with mixtures of the solutions demonstrated that salt, sucrose and the pheromone each excites a different sensory cell (Fig. 6). A cell which does not respond to a stimulant with impulses may, nevertheless, be affected by that stimulant (Fig. 7).
Initiation and growth of cell lines of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew)

Conditions have been established for the induction and maintenance of callus cultures of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) from bark, stem, and needle tissues. Cultures were established on a modified Gamborg's B5 medium, 1% sucrose, 0.2% casamino acids and 1 mg/L 2,4-D. There was no apparent inhibition of callus induction as a result of taxol concentration in the explant material. Cell lines derived from explants of individual trees were used to investigate growth characteristics. Although none of the cell lines contained taxol, some contained low levels of related taxanes. Variability was observed with each cell line in response to light, and auxin type and concentration. Growth index was most affected by cell line, followed by auxin type and concentration. These culturing methods may be useful for the goal of developing a highproducing cell line applicable for large-scale taxol production.
Corridor4DM: The Michigan method for quantitative nuclear cardiology

Quantitative software for the analysis and review of myocardial perfusion emission computed tomography images is an indispensable tool in the nuclear physician’s evaluation of patients with known or suspected heart disease. The Corridor4DM (4DM) application (formerly known as 4DM-SPECT), developed at the University of Michigan Medical Center, is a quantitative software application providing automated processing, analysis, and reporting of myocardial perfusion and function from cardiac emission computed tomography studies in a tightly integrated, user-centered environment. With health care placing increased emphasis on higher quality and efficiency in diagnostic imaging, quantitative analysis and review software applications need to provide a comprehensive environment supporting correlative review of multimodality images, integrated report generation, and remote review capabilities. The current and future design capabilities of the 4DM software application are discussed with respect to the changing landscape of imaging, where cardiac computed tomography, positron emission tomography, structured reporting, and remote review are expanding the base requirement specifications for quantitative software.
Note on flow instability in heated ducts

Das Problem der Stabilitat der Stromung durch beheizte horizontale Kanale gegen zweidimensionale Storungen wird in linearisierter Form als Variationsaufgabe behandelt. Die Abhangigkeit der Stabilitatsparameter von der Gestalt des Kanals wird untersucht und verglichen mit dem Fall der Stabilitat der von unten beheizten Flussigkeitsschicht.
Kashchei the Immortal: Liberal Politics, Cultural Memory, and the Rimsky‐Korsakov Scandal of 1905

L 1905, in the midst of revolution and social upheaval, the composer Nikolai RimskyKorsakov was unceremoniously fired from his post at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. In the months that followed, the Rimsky-Korsakov scandal served as a surrogate for broader debates over the relationship between educated society and the autocratic state. Criticism of the high-handed and presumptuous policies of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, its well-placed board members, and its patrons was transposed into criticism of the autocracy. In the scandal, liberal society believed it had found a miniature example of the repressive policies that were strangling Russia's civic, cultural, and political development. Performances of the composer's works-particularly the St. Petersburg premiere of his opera, Kashchei the Immortal-became political events, as Rimsky-Korsakov recalled in his memoirs:
Propionibacterium acnes prosthetic valve endocarditis: A case of severe aortic insufficiency

Propionibacterium acnes rarely causes systemic disease. Few cases of P. acnes endocarditis have been reported. This report describes a 63-year-old man who presented with severe congestive heart failure. He had prosthetic valve endocarditis which resulted in severe acute aortic insufficiency. During surgery he was found to have complete disruption of the aorta and left ventricle with a false aneurysm encompassing the circumference of the aortic annulus. Cultures of the valve grew P. acnes. Thus, although P. acnes is a rare cause of endocarditis, it may pursue a very aggressive course, especially in the setting of a prosthetic valve.
Relationship management: Managing the selling and the buying interface

Abstract The new age of industrial marketing, now often referred to as business-to-business marketing, is built upon effective relationship management. The industrial marketer must coordinate the marketing relevant activities of a company with the procurement needs and information requirements of the buying company. Managing this relationship requires the management of the selling and the buying interface. Competitive advantage hinges on the selling company's ability to demonstrate value that results from its cross-functional interdependencies and on its ability to influence the buying center participants' procurement decision processes. This article presents a conceptual approach to understanding and structuring relationship management. In addition, this approach provides a managerially useful framework for implementing industrial marketing strategy through managing the selling and buying interface.
Peer-to-peer indirect reciprocity via personal currency

Motivating peers to contribute services is critical to the success of peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. Incentive protocols use reciprocity to enforce contributions. Indirect reciprocity schemes are more efficient than direct reciprocity schemes for large-scale P2P systems under high churn rate. In this paper, we propose an indirect reciprocity scheme, called FairTrade, in which peers issue personal currencies to trade services in a P2P system. Personal currency enables indirect reciprocity without relying on any central banks or authorities. It wins extra robustness over global currency as well as much improved trading flexibility and efficiency over direct reciprocity schemes. The acceptance degree of a personal currency depends on the issuer's service capability and reliance. Peer credit limit is introduced to represent the amount of personal currency that will be accepted by other peers. Every peer as a creditor applies a Bayesian network model to setting peer credit limit for a trading partner peer as a creditee. The Bayesian network model learns the creditee's capability and reliability and anticipates the associated profits and risks for credit setting. Using simulations on a file-sharing P2P system, we demonstrate that FairTrade achieves 100% success rate of download requests without malicious peers, and maintains over 90% success rate even with 50% malicious nodes. The system warms up quickly and does not assume any altruistic service or other kind of help. On average, the system traffic stabilizes before peers issue their second download requests. All these good performances are achieved with extremely low trading overhead, which takes up less than 1% of the total traffic.
Exploring strategic judgment: Methods for testing the assumptions of prescriptive contingency theories

Several generally untested assumptions about strategic judgment and choice exist in strategic management theories. Direct examination of these assumptions is necessary for sound theory building, and for sound prescription based on current theory. This paper presents techniques for eliciting and analyzing the strategic judgments of strategy makers, and discusses the potential of these techniques for increasing the internal validity and practical relevance of strategy research. We argue that incorporating managerial judgment more directly into the mainstream of strategy research will lead to both new theory and the extension of existing theory.
Absence of superconductivity in (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10—A general correlation with magnetic ordering

Abstract (Pr 1.5 Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10 is found to be an insulating analog to (Nd 1.5 Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10 , (Sm 1.5 Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10 and (Eu 1.5 Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10 which have superconducting transition temperatures near 28 K. (Pr 1.5 Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10 is also observed to display two magnetic ordering transitions, near 15 K and 50 K, which are not observed for the Nd, Sm or Eu based materials. This compound is a new example of the absence of superconductivity in a PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 related structure which exhibits an unusually high magnetic ordering temperature relative to the other members of the rare earth series. An argument is made for a general correlation between the absence of superconductivity and the presence of magnetic ordering in these structures. The observation of this correlation in the (R 1.5 Ce 0.5 )Sr 2 Cu 2 NbO 10 system is compared to similar observations in RBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and RBa 2 Cu 2 NbO 8 . The physical basis for the general nature of this correlation is discussed in terms of f electron hybridization and the unusual crystal field splitting observed for the Pr ion in the YBCO structure.
Investigating the Key Routes to Customers’ Delightful Moments in the Hotel Context

Based on increased interest in “customer delight,” this study identifies specific customer-described delightful experiences and explores factors that influence guests’ delightful experiences in the context of the lodging industry. Utilizing the critical incident technique (CIT), two broad groups of factors are emerged—tangibles (i.e., property related) and intangibles (i.e., service related). Within these two groups, five categories are identified as factors of guests’ delightful experiences: service-related tangibles, property-related tangibles, professional services, friendly services, and unexpected services. Consistent with previous studies, results from this study show loyalty is strongly represented when customers have delightful experiences. Implications for industry and academia, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
A Fast Algorithm for Wave Propagation from a Plane or a Cylindrical Surface

The newly developed Taylor-Interpolation-FFT (TI-FFT) algorithm dramatically increases the computational speeds for millimeter wave propagation from a planar (cylindrical) surface onto a “quasi-planar” (“quasi-cylindrical”) surface. Two different scenarios are considered in this article: the planar TI-FFT is for the computation of the wave propagation from a plane onto a “quasi-planar” surface and the cylindrical TI-FFT is for the computation of wave propagation from a cylindrical surface onto a “quasi-cylindrical” surface. Due to the use of the FFT, the TI-FFT algorithm has a computational complexity of O(N 2 log2 N 2) for an N × N computational grid, instead of N 4 for the direct integration method. The TI-FFT algorithm has a low sampling rate according to the Nyquist sampling theorem. The algorithm has accuracy down to −80 dB and it works particularly well for narrow-band fields and “quasi-planar” (“quasi-cylindrical”) surfaces.
Algorithm 629: An integral equation program for Laplace's equation in three dimensions

On considere la solution de l'equation de Laplace ΔU(A)=0, AeD, ou D est une region simplement connexe dans R 3 , en supposant que la frontiere S de D est une surface reguliere. On decrit un programme LAPLAC pour la resolution du probleme interieur de Dirichlet. On represente la solution sous la forme d'un potentiel de double couche. On obtient une equation integrale de seconde espece qu'on resout par la methode de Galerkin avec des harmoniques spheriques comme fonctions de base
Response to editorial regarding a novel surgical treatment option in which posterior dynamic stabilization is used to correct coronal plane tilt of a lumbar total disc replacement.

We recently described a novel surgical treatment option in which posterior dynamic stabilization (PDS) is used to correct coronal plane tilt of a lumbar total disc replacement (TDR).[1][1] Clinical and radiographic outcomes have been satisfactory. Araghi and Ferrara[2][2] have pointed out the
PS2-53: VDW Data Sources: Kaiser Permanente Colorado

Background The Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) is a mechanism for producing comparable data across sites for purposes of proposing and conducting research. It is “virtual” in the sense that the data remain at the local sites; there is no multi-site physical database at a centralized data coordinating center. The core of the VDW is a series of standardized file definitions for content areas and data elements that are commonly required for research studies. Data dictionaries are created for each of the content areas, specifying a common format for each of the files and their respective data elements. Local site programmers map data elements from their HMO’s data systems into file structures with standardized variable attributes. This common structure of the VDW enables a SAS analyst at one site to write one program to extract and/or analyze data at all participating sites.
Building other Peoples’ States: The Sociology of State-Building

AbstractThis article discusses the development of social science and policy thinking about “nation-building” and state-building from the 1960s to the present. It examines in detail the recommendations of the recent Army field manual, FM 3-07 “Stability Operations”, demonstrating that the manual offers very little in the way of concrete guidance for policy-makers. This article argues that the shift from “modernization” theory to “globalization” theories did not lead to substantive re-thinking of the processes and difficulties of state-building. Various social science approaches to state-building are discussed and compared with the analysis of FM 3-07. The article argues that what is required for effective policy is detailed local knowledge linked to an appreciation of the larger historical processes of state-building. The notion of development and conflict “traps” and “humps” is suggested as a promising way to analyze state-building.
High Pressure: Effect on Dysprosium

The electrical resistance of dysprosium was studied in the temperature-pressure range 77 degrees to 200 degrees K and 15 to 120 kb. The variations of the Neel transition with pressure was found to good accuracy, the value of dT(N)/dP being-0.62+/-0.4 deg/kb. From this result, second-order thermodynamic equations yield values of -64 x 10-6 ( degrees C)(-1) and 4.0 x 10(-14) cm(2)/dyne for the changes in the coefficient of linear expansion and the compressibility, respectively, at the 1-atm Neel point. The Neel transition disappears at 45 to 55 kb, and no magnetic transitions are seen at higher pressures in the temperature range indicated. The other boundaries in the region investigated have been determined but are very uncertain. The cause of the cusp in the isothermal compressions is not clear from the available data. Above the Neel boundary, the pressure dependence of the cusp with respect to temperature, dP/dT, is very small and may even be zero. Below the Neel temperature, dP/dT is uncertain. From isothermal measurements, the value is -1, while from the isobaric measurements a value of -0.25 is obtained.
Public Relations" The Empirical Research on Practitioner Ethics

An examination of the empirical literature on public relations ethics indicates serious doubts and concerns about the ethics of the public relations practice. Practitioners tend to perceive the ethics of their top management as higher than their own ethics, suggesting that top management (of which practitioners are a part) should be in the forefront of improving organizational and practitioner ethics.
Long-term walnut supplementation without dietary advice induces favorable serum lipid changes in free-living individuals

Long-term walnut supplementation without dietary advice induces favorable serum lipid changes in free-living individuals
Laboratory measurement of the spectroscopic line parameters of water vapor in the 610–2100 and 3000–4050 cm−1 regions at lower-tropospheric temperatures

Abstract High-resolution measurements of the absolute intensities, self- and air-broadened half-widths, self- and air-induced line shifts, and the variation of these parameters with temperature are presented for the infrared lines of water vapor in the 610–2100 and the 3000– 4050 cm −1 spectral regions. In this study spectral lines belonging to the ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3 , and 2 ν 2 bands as well as the weak lines of the pure-rotational spectrum have been studied and the dependence of some of the line parameters on the vibrational quantum number has been studied.
Use of library materials in terms of age

The use of books and monographs is studied in terms of “aging.” Data on the use, over a period of five years, of materials acquired in 1969 is presented. The data is presented in such a way as to indicate the points at which negligible use can be predicted, with regard to one-time use, two-time use, three-time use, etc. This methodology will be used for successive years of acquisitions and the data will be compared. The attempt will be made to develop a predictive model on aging which may be useful both in purchasing and in collection weeding decisions.
1/f noise and material defects in HgCdTe diodes

1/f noise is measured on long wavelength diodes as a function of device geometry, band gap, temperature, diode bias, and anneal temperature for a Te-rich CdTe passivation layer. The results show that for these diodes the 1/f noise is a bulk phenomena due to the modulation of generation recombination current associated with defects formed by the interdiffusion of Te-rich CdTe, and that these defects are located in the junction region. No 1/f noise is observed for the lowest interdiffusion anneal temperature.
Comparison of several iterative techniques in the solution of symmetric banded equations on a two-pipe cyber 205

The effectiveness of several iterative techniques for solving matrix equations resulting from finite-difference approximations to self-adjoint parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations is investigated: the strongly implicit procedure (sip), the incomplete Cholesky conjugate-gradient method (iccg), the vectorized iccg (viccg), the modified iccg (miccg), the diagonally scaled conjugate-gradient method (dscg), the polynomial preconditioned conjugate-gradient method. (polcg), and the polynomial form of iccg (piccg). The comparison is made on a vector machine (two-pipe Cyber 205) where vectorization of the code is done primarily by the vector compiler available. It is found that of the methods studied, polcg and miccg appear to require the least amount of CPU time. An advantage of miccg over polcg is that it is less sensitive to increasing matrix size. Its disadvantages are that it requires an iteration parameter, has a greater setup time, and needs more storage than polcg.
Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production

Understanding and controlling environmental conditions is crucial to successful poultry production and welfare. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide. The detrimental effects of heat stress on broilers and laying hens range from reduced growth and egg production to decreased poultry and egg quality and safety. Moreover, the negative impact of heat stress on poultry welfare has recently attracted increasing public awareness and concern. Much information has been published on the effects of heat stress on productivity and immune response in poultry. However, our knowledge of basic mechanisms associated to the reported effects, as well as related to poultry behavior and welfare under heat stress conditions is in fact scarce. Intervention strategies to deal with heat stress conditions have been the focus of many published studies. Nevertheless, effectiveness of most of the interventions has been variable or inconsistent. This review focuses on the scientific evidence available on the importance and impact of heat stress in poultry production, with emphasis on broilers and laying hens.
Separation of lambda casein and some of its properties.

Abstract Crude λ-casein was prepared by extracting a 2.5% solution of iso-electric casein, half saturated with ammonium sulfate with N,N-dimethylformamide. The product was fractionated by column chromatography, and the λ-casein fraction which was associated with α s -casein was further purified by preparative electrophoresis. The λ-casein fraction contained nine components shown electrophoretically. It had a smaller number of amino acid residues than did α s1 -casein based on a comparative molecular weight of 24,000. It was also richer in phosphorus (1.32%) than α s1 -casein (1.08%). Its carbohydrate content was 3.94, 2.83, and 4.29% hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid in comparison to α s1 -casein which contained only traces of these.
Comparison of coating performance and degradation modes in heavy-duty land-based gas turbines

Abstract Significant operating experience has now been obtained on several different coating systems which have seen service in General Electric Co. heavy-duty gas turbines. Service times in excess of 10 000 h have been accumulated on several different MCrA1Y coatings, with and without overaluminide outer layers, and on PtA1 coatings. Since, in many instances, all these coatings were present in the same rotor, direct comparisons of performance and degradation are possible. This paper describes the coating requirements for long-life bucket protection, how each of these coating systems has performed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Spatial and temporal variation in evapotranspiration using Raman lidar

Abstract The Los Alamos Raman lidar has been used to make high resolution (25 m) estimates of the evapotranspiration rate over adjacent corn and soybean canopies. The lidar makes three-dimensional measurements of the water vapor content of the atmosphere directly above the canopy that are inverted using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. This may be used to examine the relationship between evapotranspiration and surface moisture/soil type. Lidar estimates of evapotranspiration reveal a high degree of spatial variability over corn and soybean fields that may be associated with small elevation changes in the area. The spatial structure of the variability is characterized using a structure function and correlation function approach. The power law relationship found by other investigators for soil moisture is not clear in the data for evapotranspiration, nor is the data a straight line over the measured lags. The magnitude of the structure function and the slope changes with time of day, with a probable connection to the amount of evapotranspiration and the spatial variability of the water vapor source. The data used was taken during the soil moisture–atmosphere coupling experiment (SMACEX) conducted in the Walnut Creek Watershed near Ames, Iowa in June and July 2002.
Ionizing Radiation Impairs the Formation of Trace Fear Memories and Reduces Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Long-term cognitive impairments are a feared consequence of therapeutic cranial irradiation in children as well as adults. Studies in animal models suggest that these deficits may be associated with a decrease in hippocampal granule cell proliferation and survival. In the present study the authors examined whether whole brain irradiation would affect trace fear conditioning, a hippocampal-dependent task. Preadolescent (postnatal Day 21, PD 21), adolescent (PD 50), and postadolescent (PD 70) rats received single doses of 0 Gray (Gy), 0.3 Gy, 3 Gy, or 10 Gy whole brain irradiation. Three months after radiation treatment, a significant dose-dependent decrease in bromo-deoxyuridine positive cells was observed. Irradiation produced a dose-dependent decrease in freezing in response to the conditioned stimulus in all age groups. Interestingly, the authors found no differences in context freezing between irradiated and control groups. Further, there were no differences in delay fear memories, which are independent of hippocampus function. Our results strongly indicate that irradiation impairs associative memories dependent on hippocampus and this deficit is accompanied by a decrease in granule cell neurogenesis indicating that these cells may be involved in normal hippocampal memory function.
Endogenous sex steroids, weight change and rates of hip bone loss in older men: the MrOS study

Introduction Lower levels of endogenous sex steroids or declines in these hormones may contribute to the increased rates of bone loss observed in older adults experiencing weight loss. We hypothesized that among older men with weight loss, higher rates of bone loss at the hip would be observed in men with lower baseline bioavailable sex steroids or those with greater declines in these hormones.
The effect of gamma radiation on the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil

Hydrogenation of cottonseed oil occurred at slower rates of reaction in agamma radiation field of Cobalt 60 than comparable nonirradiated runs. Thegamma radiation apparently degraded the triglycerides to form poisons for the nickel catalyst. Free fatty acids and possible carbonyls were probably the poisons produced. The degree of selectivity andcis-trans isomerization that occurred during hydrogenation were unaffected by thegamma radiation.
Velocity–density relationships and modeling the lithospheric density variations of the Kenya Rift

Abstract We have devised pressure-dependent and temperature-dependent linear velocity–density relationships from the crustal rocks in the Kenya Rift and applied the relationships to the crustal velocity model derived from the KRISP90 refraction experiment to compute densities and gravity anomalies. Our results indicate that pressure and temperature considerations reduce the misfit between the observed and the calculated gravity anomalies in the areas of large lateral pressure and temperature variations. Using a separate relationship involving velocity and density contrasts for the mantle of the Kenya Rift, the KRISP teleseismic velocity model, and the variation of the observed gravity anomalies, we derive a dρ/dVp value of ∼0.05 (Mg s m−3 km−1) which results in the density contrast of ∼0.03 Mg m−3 at ∼100 km depth beneath the rift and its flanks. Using the magnitude of the velocity and density contrasts, we conclude that the mantle at the depth of 100 km beneath the rift could be ∼200°C to 375°C hotter than the adjacent lithosphere (and much of it is considered subsolidus) and contains partial melt up to 2.5%. The amount of partial melt in the region of the Moho upwarp would be greater because both velocities and densities are lower in that region. Our results are consistent with the upwarping of the thermal boundary layer representing the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary and the consequent partial melting of the lithosphere.
Utilizing Reflective Practice to Obtain Competency in Neonatal Nursing

Abstract The ability to reflect is an important component for the development of competency. Reflection is a process that involves thinking about the thoughts that occur as a situation or event is unfolding. Reflection can also occur following the event. Using reflection as a learning tool, the progression from beginner practitioner to expert and proficient practitioner can be developed. As NICU nurses and healthcare professionals, we provide care to the most vulnerable patients that require a specific body of knowledge to ensure high quality. Such knowledge is acquired, maintained and advanced through lifelong learning in practice and research. The goal of this article is to provide the reader with a sound knowledge base of reflection that will help meet professional, organizational and individual demands of being a safe and competent neonatal nurse.
Daily and developmental modulation of “premotor” activity in the birdsong system

Human speech and birdsong are shaped during a sensorimotor sensitive period in which auditory feedback guides vocal learning. To study brain activity as song learning occurred, we recorded longitudinally from developing zebra finches during the sensorimotor phase. Learned sequences of vocalizations (motifs) were examined along with contemporaneous neural population activity in the song nucleus HVC, which is necessary for the production of learned song (Nottebohm et al. [1976]: J Comp Neurol 165:457–486; Simpson and Vicario [1990]: J Neurosci 10:1541–1556). During singing, HVC activity levels increased as the day progressed and decreased after a night of sleep in juveniles and adults. In contrast, the pattern of HVC activity changed on a daily basis only in juveniles: activity bursts became more pronounced during the day. The HVC of adults was significantly burstier than that of juveniles. HVC bursting was relevant to song behavior because the degree of burstiness inversely correlated with the variance of song features in juveniles. The song of juveniles degrades overnight (Deregnaucourt et al. [2005]: Nature 433:710–716). Consistent with a relationship between HVC activity and song plasticity (Day et al. [2008]: J Neurophys 100:2956–2965), HVC burstiness degraded overnight in young juveniles and the amount of overnight degradation declined with developmental song learning. Nocturnal changes in HVC activity strongly and inversely correlated with the next day's change, suggesting that sleep-dependent degradation of HVC activity may facilitate or enable subsequent diurnal changes. Collectively, these data show that HVC activity levels exhibit daily cycles in adults and juveniles, whereas HVC burstiness and song stereotypy change daily in juveniles only. In addition, the data indicate that HVC burstiness increases with development and inversely correlates with song variability, which is necessary for trial and error vocal learning.
Dynamic small‐angle scattering system for the study of materials deformation and relaxation

A dynamic small-angle x-ray scattering system (DSAXS) for the study of materials deformation and relaxation has been developed in the National Center for Small-Angle Scattering Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (NCSASR-ORNL), in collaboration with Polymer Research Institute of the University of Massachusetts. The principles of DSAXS are outlined, including experimental procedures such as π-sector and Fourier expansion techniques. A few important functions required for studies of crystalline polymers, namely, static and dynamic lamellar orientation, dynamic lamellar separation, dynamic invariant function, etc., are defined. The hardware and software of the DSAXS system are described. Some preliminary results obtained for a spherulitic high-density polyethylene by π-sector technique and for a row-nucleated polybutene-1 by Fourier expansion techniques are demonstrated to evaluate the performance of the system.
Cytochemistry of experimental protein malnutrition in primates: effect on the spinal cord of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus.

The localization of certain phosphatases, esterases and dehydrogenases in the spinal cord of healthy and severely protein malnourished squirrel monkeys were investigated histochemically. The latter were given drastically reduced levels of proteins in their diets for 15 weeks, and for the purpose of comparison several animals were sacrificed after 9, 11, 13 and 15 weeks on the feeding schedule. Cytochemical investigations were carried out on sections prepared from fresh-frozen spinal cord removed from the animal in the shortest possible time after an appropriate dose of nembutal anaesthesia. The distribution of thiamine pyrophosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, acid phosphatase and ATPase was found to be significantly altered under the impact of dietary abuse. The changes appear to be related to altered protein metabolism, energy transport and general slowing down of the metabolic reactions. The results obtained on phosphatases are reinforced by the distribution of enzymes of the Krebs cycle, pentose shunt and anaerobic metabolic pathways. Whereas the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes is greatly reduced, the pentose shunt reacts to protein deprivation by increasing the level of activity of its enzymes. Similarly the activities of enzymes of the anaerobic pathway are also enhanced. The significance of these observations and the role of glial cells along with the neuron as a functional unit are discussed.
Fixator–Norator Pairs Versus Direct Analytical Tools in Performing Analog Circuit Designs

4and compared. They are used for partial designs with certain given 5 design criteria. The first approach, which is called direct analyti6 cal, works through the circuit conductance matrix, and it needs 7 linearity to perform. The second approach uses fixator–norator 8 pairs (FNPs), changing an analysis into a design problem. The 9 two methods are shown to be theoretically identical, except that 10 they use different tools to get the results. The advantage of using 11 FNP over the direct analytical method is that it can simply handle 12 nonlinearities, as it is done in a circuit analysis or simulation. The 13 drawback, however, is the lack of fixator and norator components 14 in a typical simulator; although, the closest components replacing 15 them can be the controlled sources with very high gains. 16 Index Terms—Amplifiers, analog circuit design, analytical 17 method, biasing design, circuit linearization, fixator–norator pairs 18 (FNPs). 19
Egg Shape II. Muscular and Other Oviducal Influences

Abstract A PREVIOUS paper on egg shape discussed the relationship of albumen condition of the completed egg to the shape of the egg. This paper presents the results of a further study of physiological influences relating to egg shape. Material presented includes muscular influence of the oviduct and other oviducal factors. Numerous investigations have been conducted regarding the cause of variation in the shape of eggs of the domestic fowl. Ryder (1893) concluded that shape was due to resistance of the oviduct in front of the egg and peristaltic pressure behind the egg as it passes through the oviduct. Cushney (1902), Szeilasko (1905) and Pearl (1909) believed that the uterus section of the oviduct exercised the greatest influence due to the thickness of muscular walls in this region. D’Arcy Thompson (1908) was of the opinion that the ovate shape was due to the nature of the pressure exerted by the oviduct. . . .
Altered miR-146a expression in Sjögren's syndrome and its functional role in innate immunity.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, are known to play key roles in regulating immune responses and autoimmunity. We investigated miR-146a expression in Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) patients as well as in the SjS-prone C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model, to elucidate its involvement in SjS pathogenesis. Expression of miR-146a was examined in the PBMCs of 25 SjS patients and ten healthy donors, as well as in PBMCs, salivary and lacrimal glands of SjS-prone mice and WT C57BL/6J mice. Functional assays using THP-1 human monocytes were conducted to determine the biological roles of miR-146a in innate immunity. Expression of miR-146a was significantly increased in SjS patients compared with healthy controls, and was upregulated in the salivary glands and PBMCs of the SjS-prone mouse at both 8 wk (prior to disease onset) and 20 wk (full-blown disease) of age. More importantly, functional analysis revealed roles for miR-146a in increasing phagocytic activity and suppressing inflammatory cytokine production while migration, nitric oxide production and expression of antigen-presenting/costimulatory molecules are not affected in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that abnormal expression/regulation of microRNAs in innate immunity may contribute to, or be indicative of, the initiation and progression of SjS.
The vibrational spectra of vanadium oxytribromide and arsenic tribromide

The infrared spectrum of VOBr/sub 3/ was obtained from 75 to 3000 cm/sup -1/. The fundamental frequencies are, for C/sub 3/ symmetry, a/sub 1/ = 1025, 271 and 120 cm/sup -1/; e = 400, 212, and 83 cm/sup -1/. For AsBr/sub 3/ the infrared spectrum from 75 to 800 cm/sup -1/ and the Raman spectrum with polarizations, were measured. A reassignment of the fundamentals gives a/sub 1/ = 284 (estimated) and 128 cm/sup -1/; e = 275 and 98 cm/sup -1/. (auth)
Formation of fingering flow structure in sedimentation of bidisperse suspensions

On propose un mecanisme physique responsable de la formation d'une structure d'ecoulement en doigts lors de la sedimentation de suspensions bi-dispersees
The drag reduction of chrysotile asbestos dispersions

The drag reduction (DR) of dispersions of Chrysotile asbestos fibers in aqueous solutions of Aerosol OT and in ethylene glycol, and of glass microfibers in water at a pH of 3 were studied as a function of concentration and temperature with a rotating disc apparatus. Only the dispersions of asbestos in aqueous Aerosol OT showed DR comparable to poly(ethylene oxide) WSR 35 (∼500,000 MW), and these dispersions were more fully studied. As was the case with Polyox WSR 35, the asbestos dispersions achieved maximum DR at a concentration of about 200 ppm. They showed no DR temperature dependence at constant Reynolds number at high concentrations but displayed a decreasing DR with increasing temperatures at low concentrations. However, the temperature effect was much smaller for the asbestos dispersions than for Polyox. The asbestos dispersions also showed a much smaller decrease of DR with time at a given disc rotation than was previously measured for poly(ethylene oxide). Electron microscope evidence indicated that less than 10% of the fibers were fully separated, and it is probable that these were the fibers which were primarily active in DR. Hence, if complete separation and dispersion could be accomplished without breaking the fibers, Chrysotile asbestos would be a most potent, not very shear-degradable DR species.
The relationship between allele frequency and tidal height in a mussel hybrid zone: a test of the differential settlement hypothesis

The blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. and M. galloprovincialis Lmk. hybridize in western Europe. Within hybrid populations nuclear alleles specific to M. galloprovincialis increase in frequency with age and size. This relationship changes with tidal height; alleles from M. galloprovincialis occur more frequently high in the intertidal zone, while M. edulis alleles predominate in the low intertidal zone. We tested the hypotheses that larvae with M. galloprovincialis alleles tend to settle higher in the intertidal zone, or that mussels redistribute themselves with respect to tidal height after initial larval settlement. We sampled recently metamorphosed mussels every 2 weeks in a hybrid mussel population at Whitsand Bay in southwest England throughout the summer of 1996. We observed four cohorts of newly settled mussels. There was no evidence of differential settlement of mussels with different genotypes in connection with tidal height, or into shaded versus unshaded microsites. Therefore, we rejected the preferential settlement hypothesis. There was substantial movement of juvenile mussels in the first 4 weeks following initial settlement, but this “secondary settlement” did not result in genetic differentiation with respect to tidal height. Further, significant differences in allele frequencies were found between primary and secondary spat. This allele frequency change was in the opposite direction of that seen in the adult population, suggesting newly settled larvae may be experiencing different selective pressures than adults. We propose that the genetic structure of hybrid mussel populations with respect to tidal height is the consequence of differences in selection intensity.
Surgical Decision Making for Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy in Patients Aged Over 40 Years

Purpose To identify clinical variables that affect a surgeon's decision to recommend arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). Methods Members of 2 orthopaedic specialty societies were invited to participate in an online survey by e-mail. The survey consisted of surgeon demographics and case scenarios to evaluate clinical decision making for APM. Posterior probabilities were calculated to determine the effect of clinical factors on the likelihood of recommending APM. Results Of the respondents with valid e-mail addresses, 733 (19.3%) returned a completed survey, but only 533 (14.1%) met the eligibility criteria (treated or referred an APM candidate within the past year). Respondents were aged 46.7 ± 9.4 and had performed a mean of 115 APMs in the previous year. Posterior probabilities for a combination of 6 clinical indicators identified 3 factors that most influenced a surgeon's decision to recommend APM: radiographic findings, McMurray test, and failure of nonoperative management. Conclusions Significant variation exists among practicing orthopaedic surgeons with regard to decision making for APM. The 3 clinical factors that most influenced a surgeon's decision to recommend APM were normal radiographic findings, failed nonoperative treatment, and the presence of positive physical examination findings (i.e., positive McMurray test, joint line tenderness, and effusion). Level of Evidence Level III, decision analysis.
Higher Fock State Contributions to the Generalized Parton Distribution of Pion

We discuss the higher Fock-state (qqg) contributions to the nonzero value of the pion generalized parton distribution (GPD) at the crossover point x={zeta} between the DGLAP and ERBL regions. Using the phenomenological light-front constituent quark model, we confirm that the higher Fock-state contributions indeed give a nonzero value of the GPD at the crossover point. Iterating the light-front quark model wave function of the lowest qq Fock state with the Bethe-Salpeter kernel corresponding to the one-gluon exchange, we include all possible time-ordered qqg Fock-state contributions and obtain the pion GPD satisfying necessary sum rules and continuity conditions.
Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists, Heart Failure, and Polycystic Kidney Disease

The synthesis of nonpeptide orally bioavailable vasopressin antagonists devoid of agonistic activity (vaptans) has made possible the selective blockade of vasopressin receptor subtypes for therapeutic purposes. Vaptans acting on the vasopressin V2 receptors (aquaretics) have attracted attention as a possible therapy for heart failure and polycystic kidney disease. Despite a solid rationale and encouraging preclinical testing, aquaretics have not improved clinical outcomes in randomized clinical trials for heart failure. Additional clinical trials with select population targets, more flexible dosing schedules, and possibly a different drug type or combination (balanced V1a/V2 receptor antagonism) may be warranted. Aquaretics are promising for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and have been approved in Japan for this indication. More studies are needed to better define their long-term safety and efficacy and optimize their utilization.
Highly Recurrent TERT Promoter Mutations in Human Melanoma

Systematic sequencing of human cancer genomes has identified many recurrent mutations in the protein-coding regions of genes but rarely in gene regulatory regions. Here, we describe two independent mutations within the core promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the gene coding for the catalytic subunit of telomerase, which collectively occur in 50 of 70 (71%) melanomas examined. These mutations generate de novo consensus binding motifs for E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factors, and in reporter assays, the mutations increased transcriptional activity from the TERT promoter by two- to fourfold. Examination of 150 cancer cell lines derived from diverse tumor types revealed the same mutations in 24 cases (16%), with preliminary evidence of elevated frequency in bladder and hepatocellular cancer cells. Thus, somatic mutations in regulatory regions of the genome may represent an important tumorigenic mechanism.
High Quality Powder Diffraction Data from an Impure Specimen: Triphylite, Li(Fe,Mn)PO4

High quality powder diffraction data were obtained from a specimen containing inseparable impurities, by using single crystal precession photographs to explore all possible reflections for the mineral being studied. In this manner it is acceptable to ignore weak reflections that do not index on the unit cell and that are not observed on the single crystal photographs. Triphylite is given as an example.