cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Audiology Answers for Otolaryngologists (2nd Ed.)

This well-organised, concise book provides important information in a pithy question-and-answer format. Six chapters cover frequently asked questions about Audiology by topic, including: (1) psycho...
C–H Bond Activation on Bimetallic Two-Atom Co-M Oxide Clusters Deposited on Zr-Based MOF Nodes: Effects of Doping at the Molecular Level

Cluster-based density functional theory calculations show that energy barriers for the dissociative adsorption of propane on two-cation, Co-M oxide clusters supported on Zr-based nodes of NU-1000, a metal–organic framework material, vary from 57 to 9 kcal mol–1 based on the identity of the dopant. Systematic changes in spin density and positive partial charge on oxygen atoms bridging the two metal atoms (Co–O-M) are noted upon addition of dopants to cobalt, with increasing values of both giving lower enthalpic barriers to C–H scission. These observed correlations can be rationalized in terms of concepts applicable to bulk systems and provide target materials for synthesis.
Usability an important goal for the design of therapeutic games for older adults

The importance of usability for older adults in therapeutic games has not been well explored. Aspects of game-related usability that go beyond typical considerations are a need for challenge, complexity, adoption by novices, motivation for extensive use, and enjoyment. Benefits to considering usability as it pertains to this special population may have long-term benefits for personal independence, maintenance of skills, and rehabilitation from injury. We outline areas we deem critical as a first step to utilizing what we know of older adult use of games for training purposes to facilitate a conversation between designers and researchers for creating and improving games for older players.
Galileo: Causation and the Use of Geometry

While Galileo is acknowledged to have been a crucial figure in the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, not everyone agrees on the nature of his role. Confusion over what counts as a contribution in the context of extensive conceptual change constitutes the major reason for the disagreement.
An update on LDL apheresis for nephrotic syndrome

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis has been used increasingly in clinical practice for the treatment of renal diseases with nephrotic syndrome (NS), specifically focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Persistent hyperlipidemia for prolonged periods is nephrotoxic and leads to chronic progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. Effective management of hyperlipidemia with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or LDL apheresis in drug-resistant NS patients may prevent the progression of renal disease and, in some patients, resolution of NS symptoms. Available literature reveals beneficial effects of LDL apheresis for NS refractory to drug therapy. Here we update on the current understanding of lipid nephrotoxicity and application of LDL apheresis to prevent progression of renal diseases.
Mediating hybrid spaces in the bilingual science class by learning to cultivate children's metaphors

Abstract Figurative language in science teaching has recently been explored to inform how teachers can scaffold scientific advancement without excluding children's cultural conceptualizations. By deeming metaphorical language as a mediational artifact that agentively encodes culturally relevant aspects of experience, this study analyzed how bilingual children's metaphor initiations were followed up by teacher candidates to create hybrid spaces for learning alongside zones of proximal development. Our findings indicate three different patterns of how teachers reacted to bilingual children's metaphors during a science lesson on geomorphology, and how their differing responses may have facilitated or hindered children's scientific understandings. This study highlights the significance of cultivating opportunities for metaphorical associations initiated by bilingual children as opportunities for science teaching and learning.
Developing Emergent Codes for the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS)

This Research Work-in-progress paper presents a project that intends to increase student engagement, retention, and success through the implementation of a faculty development program focused on implicit bias and active learning. To assess the extent to which the program resulted in transformative changes in instructor teaching, the project team conducted classroom observations using minute-by-minute environmental scans and the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS). The project team found that the COPUS could not capture all the behaviors that needed to be observed to assess the faculty development project. Thus, 12 emergent COPUS codes were developed to code the required behaviors. Each code is defined, examples are provided, and excerpts of classroom observations with and without the emergent COPUS codes are examined. The project team thinks the emergent COPUS codes, generally focused on faculty behaviors related to classroom climate, will be useful in other classroom observation projects.
BARP: Improving Mister P Using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees

Multilevel regression and post-stratification (MRP) is the current gold standard for extrapolating opinion data from nationally representative surveys to smaller geographic units. However, innovations in nonparametric regularization methods can further improve the researcher’s ability to extrapolate opinion data to a geographic unit of interest. I test an ensemble of regularization algorithms and find that there is room for substantial improvement on the multilevel model via more flexible methods of regularization. I propose a modified version of MRP that replaces the multilevel model with a nonparametric approach called Bayesian additive regression trees (BART or, when combined with post-stratification, BARP). I compare both methods across a number of data contexts, demonstrating the benefits of applying more powerful regularization methods to extrapolate opinion data to target geographical units. I provide an R package that implements the BARP method.
Examination of race and infrainguinal bypass conduit use in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative.

BackgroundVein conduit is known to have better patency than prosthetic for infrainguinal bypass. Here we explore if racial disparities exist in infrainguinal bypass vein conduit use amid preoperati...
Myocardial ischaemia and valve insufficiency caused by a dysplastic aortic valve cusp: a previously unreported unique morphologic anomaly - CORRIGENDUM.

Isolated aortic regurgitation and myocardial infarction are a rare congenital defect among neonatal patients. We present a case of a neonate with an unusual aortic valve morphology causing both regurgitation and obstruction of the left coronary artery ostium. Despite both non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities, accurate diagnosis of the valve morphology was only determined by direct visualisation at the time of surgical repair. To the knowledge of authors, this particular aortic valve morphology in neonatal population has not been previously reported in the literature.
Acridine Photocatalysis: Insights into the Mechanism and Development of a Dual-Catalytic Direct Decarboxylative Conjugate Addition

Conjugate addition is one of the most synthetically useful carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions; however, reactive carbon nucleophiles are typically required to effect the addition. Radical conjuga...
The impact of timing modified natural cycle frozen embryo transfer based on spontaneous luteinizing hormone surge.

To evaluate whether adjusting timing of modified natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (mNC-FET) 1 day earlier in the setting of a spontaneous LH surge has an impact on pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective cohort study evaluated all mNC-FET with euploid blastocysts from May 1, 2016 to March 30, 2019, at a single academic institution. Standard protocol for mNC-FET included ultrasound monitoring and hCG trigger when the dominant follicle and endometrial lining were appropriately developed. Patients had serum LH, estradiol, and progesterone checked on day of trigger. If LH was ≥ 20 mIU/mL, trigger was given that day and FET was performed 6 days after surge (LH/HCG+6), with the intent of transferring 5 days after ovulation. If LH was < 20 mIU/mL, FET was performed 7 days after trigger (hCG+7). Primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. To account for correlation between cycles, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) method for multivariable logistic regression was used. Four hundred fifty-three mNC-FET cycles met inclusion criteria, of which 205 were in the LH/HCG+6 group and 248 were in the HCG+7 group. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 64% and clinical miscarriage rate was 4.8%, with similar rates between the two groups. The overall live birth rate was 60.9% (61.0% in LH/HCG+6 group and 60.9% in HCG+7 group). After implementing GEE, the odds of CP (aOR 0.97, 95% CI [0.65–1.45], p = 0.88) and LB (aOR 0.98, 95% CI [0.67–1.45], p = 0.93) were similar in both groups. In our study cohort, mNC-FET based on LH/HCG+6 versus HCG+7 had similar pregnancy outcomes.
Clustering by periodontitis-associated factors-A novel application to NHANES data

BACKGROUND Unsupervised clustering is a method used to identify heterogeneity among groups and homogeneity within a group of patients. Without a prespecified outcome entry, the resulting model deciphers patterns that may not be disclosed using traditional methods. This is the first time such clustering analysis is applied in identifying unique subgroups at high risk for periodontitis in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2009 to 2014 data sets using >500 variables. METHODS Questionnaire, examination, and laboratory data (33 tables) for >1,000 variables were merged from 14,072 respondents who underwent clinical periodontal examination. Participants with ≥6 teeth and available data for all selected categories were included (N = 1,222). Data wrangling produced 519 variables. k-means/modes clustering (k = 2:14) was deployed. The optimal k-value was determined through the elbow method, formula = ∑ (xi2 ) - ((∑ xi )2 /n). The 5-cluster model showing the highest variability (63.08%) was selected. The 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/AAP periodontitis case definitions were applied. RESULTS Cluster 1 (n = 249) showed the highest prevalence of severe periodontitis (43%); 39% self-reported "fair" general health; 55% had household income <$35,000/year; and 48% were current smokers. Cluster 2 (n = 154) had one participant with periodontitis. Cluster 3 (n = 242) represented the greatest prevalence of moderate periodontitis (53%). In Cluster 4 (n = 35) only one participant had no periodontitis. Cluster 5 (n = 542) was the systemically healthiest with 77% having no/mild periodontitis. CONCLUSION Clustering of NHANES demographic, systemic health, and socioeconomic data effectively identifies characteristics that are statistically significantly related to periodontitis status and hence detects subpopulations at high risk for periodontitis without costly clinical examinations.
Utilization of Isometric Strength Training and Interval Training With a Patient With Cancer in the Acute Care Setting.

The onset of cancer and subsequent treatments often result in deficits in physical function and quality of life (QoL). Available research has demonstrated that an individualized exercise program has the ability to reduce fatigue, optimize physical function, and improve QoL. However, the exercise program is often lacking appropriate intensity and volume resulting in negligent improvement or even further reduction in function. Thus, the purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the application of isometric strength training (IST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the acute care setting with an individual with a history of malignant mesothelioma. The patient demonstrated improvement in functional mobility evidenced by improvement in Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) score through the hospitalization along with increased ambulation distance. No adverse events occurred during any physical therapy (PT) visits while utilizing HIIT or IST.
Digital Mental Health Services: Moving From Promise to Results

Abstract The papers in this special series make a compelling case for the value of digital mental health services (DMHS; including technology-based interventions, assessments, and prevention programs) to help address some of the currently unmet needs in mental health care. At the same time, the papers highlight the work that needs to be accomplished for DMHS to fulfill their promise. We review the papers’ contributions in terms of (a) the imperative to increase access to evidence-informed, high-quality care, especially for underserved populations, both in the United States and globally; (b) ways to use DMHS to improve the ways that clinical care is provided to make treatment provision more effective and efficient; and (c) the current state of the research on DMHS for emotional disorders. We then consider lessons learned and recommendations to move the field forward, such as increasing (and making transparent) the research base on DMHS, adopting regulatory standards for DMHS, attending carefully to training issues for DMHS and best practices for dissemination and implementation, designing specifically for digital platforms, and being intentional about efforts to reduce disparities regarding who benefits from DMHS.
P-156 Can a hospice embark on a journey of digital transformation during and after a pandemic? Yes

When you send over a hundred staff to work from home equipped with pens, paper notepads plus a handful of laptops, you know your technology and digital infrastructure is weak and could hamper your ability to respond effectively. It was time to seek support from the local health economy. The aim of our Digital Transformation Programme is to maximise the momentum for change to support digital transformation that ‘builds back better’ by empowering staff, patients, their families, governance and health partners. The journey started by collaborating with external colleagues and procuring the services of an external consultant to ensure an ‘outside-in’ perspective. A migration to Office 365 was followed by purchasing laptops for community use e.g. clinical staff working in patients’ homes. Digital communications and fundraising were used to reach out to the community. In practice Office 365 has seen staff engaging ‘face to face’ via ‘Teams’ and improved our cyber security processes. New technology is resulting in films e.g. to support care home staff, patients and recruitment, with one film receiving over 15,000 views. The experience of successful (at times frustrating) digital fundraising led the hospice to a new website and an investment in Donorflex to influence future income generation decisions. Our topical journey also sees us using existing systems differently to streamline processes, clarify protocols and work more efficiently. Staff are open to change and more willing to voice their needs so current activities include plans for staff digital upskilling, collaboration with the local university, the imminent arrival of our Telephony System Replacement, delivery of podcasts and exploration of virtual consultations. The recruitment of a Digital Transformation Manager to help build prowess for a 21st century hospice supported by the recently formed Digital Transformation Working Group will facilitate our continuing journey and ensure all departments have ownership.
Clinical observation on Nie-pinching spine manipulation combined with point therapy for cerebral palsy in children with spleen deficiency

To observe the clinical effect of Nie-pinching spine coupled with point application and injection for cerebral palsy (CP) in children with spleen deficiency. A total of 70 CP children with spleen deficiency were randomly allocated into a treatment group (n=35) and a control group (n=35). Children in the treatment group were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation training, Nie-pinching spine, point application and point injection, whereas children in the control group were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation training and oral administration of multi-enzyme tablets. One course of treatment made up of 20 d. There was a 20-day interval between two courses. The cases were treated for a total of 3 courses. Then the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using scores of spleen-deficiency symptoms and gross motor function measure (GMFM). After 3 courses of treatment, the total effective rates for spleen-deficiency symptoms and rehabilitation were 85.7% and 77.1% respectively in the treatment group, versus 51.4% and 57.1% respectively in the control group, showing statistical differences (both P<0.05). In addition to comprehensive rehabilitation training, Nie-pinching spine combined with point application and injection obtained better effects than oral administration of multi-enzyme tablets.
Identification of conserved gene expression features across human and murine mammary tumors

4841 Breast cancer has been shown to consist of not just a single disease but several distinct diseases or subtypes identified by microarray analysis. To study breast cancer, researchers have spent the last couple of decades developing a number of mouse models to mimic human breast cancer. How well these models represent human breast tumor phenotypes is still unclear. We have used gene expression analysis with DNA microarrays to address this question. We have characterized more than 13 different murine mammary models and compared these data to the expression patterns from primary human breast tumors. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the murine samples showed that the WAP- myc , MMTV- neu , MMTV- PyMT , WAP- In t3, WAP- Tag and C3(1)- Tag tumors were highly correlated within each model. Other models, including the WAP- T 121 , MMTV- Wnt1 , Brca1 conditional, and DMBA-induced tumor model, did not show this consistency and gave rise to tumors with expression profiles consistent with the expansion of multiple cell types or different cell types of origin. A combined clustering analysis of the murine tumors with 184 human breast tumors showed many shared expression features. These features included a proliferation signature, an interferon-regulated pattern, and patterns reflective of the presence of immune cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts. Like human breast tumors, murine tumors could be categorized according to their presumed cellular origins; the C3(1)- Tag , two independent Brca1 deficient models, and DMBA-treated models displayed expression characteristics of human basal-like breast tumors. In contrast, the MMTV- neu , MMTV- PyMT , and WAP- myc models shared features with human luminal breast tumors including the high expression of GATA3 and XBP1 . Single mouse models did not reproduce the entire expression pattern seen in a specific human subtype; rather portions of a subtype’s expression profile were captured/represented by different murine models. The shared patterns of expression present between mice and humans provides a common framework for the direct comparison and integration of animal models with human breast tumors.
Why Do Localities Provide Economic Development Incentives? Geographic Competition, Political Constituencies, and Government Capacity

U.S. states and localities often engage in economic development policies using incentives and abatements for specific firms or industries. Yet, there is very little empirical evidence suggesting that such policies are successful. Why, then, do governments engage in these policies? In order to answer this question, we employ a model that considers not only geographic and economic factors, but also, in a novel application, local political conditions. A unique survey of U.S. county governments forms the basis for our empirical assessment of both traditional economic development policies and new-wave policies. Using probit, Poisson, negative binomial, and spatial econometric models, we find evidence that the use of incentives is inversely related to local economic conditions. Furthermore, we find Republican counties are more apt to use incentives, though counties dominated by one political party are less likely to use them.
McClelland, David C

American social psychologist David C. McClelland was born in Mt. Vernon, New York in 1917. After completing the B.A. at Wesleyan University (1938) and M.A. (1939) at the University of Missouri, he earned the Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Yale University in 1941 and then returned to Wesleyan as a member of the psychology faculty. A Quaker who objected to military service as a matter of principle, during World War II McClelland served for a time with the American Friends Service Committee. He continued at Wesleyan until 1956, when he joined the psychology faculty at Harvard University. He remained at Harvard until his retirement in 1986, when he was named professor emeritus. Following his retirement he was named distinguished research professor at Boston University. Keywords: motivation; thematic apperception test
PUBLIC SERVICE VALUES: A NEW APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF MOTIVATION IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE

This article details an approach for empirically eliciting and examining public service values and their impact on decisions made by public servants. The approach involves adaptation of the Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire such that it: (1) elicits values relevant to an individual's public service role rather than broad personal values; and (2) incorporates values omitted by the Schwartz framework, including those identified by Jorgensen and Bozeman and others. To examine the impact of public service values on specific public management decisions, we use structured decision context statements similar to those proposed by Tetlock. We find that: (1) the adapted instrument maps favourably to the Schwartz personal value space; (2) the public service values space includes value sets that expand and refine the personal value space defined by Schwartz; and (3) the public service values elicited can be used to predict decisions made by respondents in specific public service decision contexts.
Progress and Trends in Complement Therapeutics

The past few years have proven to be a highly successful and exciting period for the field of complement-directed drug discovery and development. Driven by promising experiences with the first marketed complement drugs, increased knowledge about the involvement of complement in health and disease, and improvements in structural and analytical techniques as well as animal models of disease, the field has seen a surge in creative approaches to therapeutically intervene at various stages of the cascade. An impressive panel of compounds that show promise in clinical trials is meanwhile being lined up in the pipelines of both small biotechnology and big pharmaceutical companies. Yet with this new focus on complement-targeted therapeutics, important questions concerning target selection, point and length of intervention, safety, and drug delivery emerge. In view of the diversity of the clinical disorders involving abnormal complement activity or regulation, which include both acute and chronic diseases and affect a wide range of organs, diverse yet specifically tailored therapeutic approaches may be needed to shift complement back into balance. This chapter highlights the key changes in the field that shape our current perception of complement-targeted drugs and provides a brief overview of recent strategies and emerging trends. Selected examples of complement-related diseases and inhibitor classes are highlighted to illustrate the diversity and creativity in field.
Occupational Embeddedness, Perceived Risk, and the Quality of Reach Motion in Females Aged 7 to 9 Years.

ABSTRACTThe perceived meaning ascribed to objects can influence the motor control efficiency in adults when reaching. However, little is known whether the same phenomenon occurs in pediatric females. Twenty-seven girls aged 7 to 9 years recruited from Girl Scout Brownie troupes and afterschool programs were asked to reach for plastic and porcelain teacups in the context of a “tea party” scenario. No differences were found in most of the motion capture variables (p > .05), and effect sizes were small. It is likely that the perceived meaning of the tea party was so robust that it overwhelmed any perceived differences inherent between the two conditions. Future research is needed to clarify the age at which children can qualitatively discern meaningful differences between objects.
Differences in endothelium-dependent cerebral dilation by bradykinin and acetylcholine

We compared the mechanism of action of acetylcholine and bradykinin, two agents that cause endothelium-dependent relaxation, on cerebral arterioles of cats equipped with cranial windows for the observation of the cerebral microcirculation. The vasodilation caused by bradykinin was eliminated by cyclooxygenase inhibition with topical indomethacin, it was reduced by topical deferoxamine, an agent that scavenges iron and thereby inhibits the production of hydroxyl radical via the Haber-Weiss reaction, and it was eliminated by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, an agent that inhibited superoxide production by cyclooxygenase. The vasodilation from acetylcholine was not affected by these agents. Acetylcholine induced a transferable, short-lived vasodilator material in bioassay experiments, whereas bradykinin did not. Bradykinin or acetylcholine, when applied topically by themselves, induced arteriolar dilation; when applied together, they did not. The findings are consistent with the view that the cerebral arteriolar dilation from bradykinin is caused by oxygen radicals generated in association with accelerated arachidonate metabolism via cyclooxygenase, whereas the dilation from acetylcholine is caused by an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) similar to that generated by this agent in large vessels in vitro. The EDRF from acetylcholine and the radicals from bradykinin interact and inactivate each other.
Structural dynamics of the microtubule binding and regulatory elements in the kinesin-like calmodulin binding protein.

Abstract Kinesins are molecular motors that power cell division and transport of various proteins and organelles. Their motor activity is driven by ATP hydrolysis and depends on interactions with microtubule tracks. Essential steps in kinesin movement rely on controlled alternate binding to and detaching from the microtubules. The conformational changes in the kinesin motors induced by nucleotide and microtubule binding are coordinated by structural elements within their motor domains. Loop L11 of the kinesin motor domain interacts with the microtubule and is implicated in both microtubule binding and sensing nucleotide bound to the active site of kinesin. Consistent with its proposed role as a microtubule sensor, loop L11 is rarely seen in crystal structures of unattached kinesins. Here, we report four structures of a regulated plant kinesin, the kinesin-like calmodulin binding protein (KCBP), determined by X-ray crystallography. Although all structures reveal the kinesin motor in the ATP-like conformation, its loop L11 is observed in different conformational states, both ordered and disordered. When structured, loop L11 adds three additional helical turns to the N-terminal part of the following helix α4. Although interactions with protein neighbors in the crystal support the ordering of loop L11, its observed conformation suggests the conformation for loop L11 in the microtubule-bound kinesin. Variations in the positions of other features of these kinesins were observed. A critical regulatory element of this kinesin, the calmodulin binding helix positioned at the C-terminus of the motor domain, is thought to confer negative regulation of KCBP. Calmodulin binds to this helix and inserts itself between the motor and the microtubule. Comparison of five independent structures of KCBP shows that the positioning of the calmodulin binding helix is not decided by crystal packing forces but is determined by the conformational state of the motor. The observed variations in the position of the calmodulin binding helix fit the regulatory mechanism previously proposed for this kinesin motor.
Enhanced Sensitivity to and Classification of Volatile Carboxylic Acids Using Arrays of Linear Poly(ethylenimine)−Carbon Black Composite Vapor Detectors

Vapor detectors formed from composites of conductors and insulating organic polymers have been tailored to produce increased sensitivity toward specific classes of analyte vapors. Upon exposure to acetic acid at 1% of its vapor pressure, detectors consisting of linear poly(ethylenimine) (l-PEI)−carbon black composites showed an ∼103 increase in signal/noise relative to the performance of typical insulating organic polymer−carbon black composite vapor detectors. Compositional diversity in an array of such vapor detectors was obtained by varying the degree of plasticization of the l-PEI films. The resulting vapor detector array produced sensitive detection of, and robust discrimination between, various volatile organic acids and relatively little response from nonacidic organic vapors or from water vapor. Measurements of the mass uptake, thickness change, and electrical conductivity of such composites indicate that swelling of the polymer film, and thus its normalized resistance response, is beyond that exp...
A new approach to detecting leukemia: using computational electromagnetics

Because leukemia changes the electrical properties of bone marrow, it might be possible to detect the disease via electromagnetic imaging, numerical experiments using inverse problem solving and synthetic data suggest that this approach may work.
Two ways to think about intergenerational program development

(2006). Two Ways to Think About Intergenerational Program Development. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 107-108.
Marcella O'Grady Boveri (1863-1950): Her Three Careers in Biology

The career of Marcella O'Grady Boveri (1863-1950), a nineteenth-century Catholic woman educated in biology at MIT and Bryn Mawr, is discussed both in the biological context of the times and with regard to the position of women in science. The thesis is that her life pattern differed strikingly from that of other woman biologists of her generation and that the character of her contributions to biology varied with that pattern. Perhaps it is in consequence that the significance of her considerable achievement has been hidden. Boveri's circumstances led her to collaboration rather than independence in research: she worked with skill and interest, but without formal recognition, on her husband's theoretically important and already established research program in Germany (1900-1915). She thought it a privilege to do so. Earlier (1889-1896), at Vassar College, and later (1927-1943), at the newly established Albertus Magnus College, she was an innovator who introduced and developed new curricula in biology, a st...
The clinical utility of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: Early achievements and future promise

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that acts selectively on the neutrophil lineage, and has had a major impact on clinical practice. Two forms are in clinical use: filgrastim has been approved for use in more than 45 countries for the amelioration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and restoration of granulopoiesis following bone-marrow transplantation and lenograstim has been approved in Europe and Japan. In some countries, rHuG-CSF is also approved for various other indications, such as severe chronic neutropenia. Infection and neutropenia are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following cytotoxic chemotherapy, and there is a known correlation between neutropenia and the risk of infection. Hematopoletic growth factors have been used successfully in the prevention and treatment of neutropenia. There is evidence to suggest that use of rHuG-CSF before the onset of neutropenia allows patients to receive the maximum benefit; however, patients who do not receive rHuG-CSF prophylactically still benefit from the use of rHuG-CSF for the treatment of febrile neutropenia. These patients have an accelerated neutrophil recovery and a shorter duration of febrile neutropenia. These effects seem to translate into a significant reduction in the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalization. This paper reviews the use of rHuG-CSF in the treatment of febrile neutropenia and describes how it is routinely used by hematologists and oncologists in non-clinical trial settings.
Flow simulations for carbon sequestration at a coal-seam pilot site

Computer simulations of the flow and diffusion of H2 O, CH4 , and CO2 through unmineable coal seams are integral parts of the design, implementation, and interpretation of carbon sequestration field projects. Although it has seldom been discussed in the literature, coal seams may also effect-ively serve as “cap rock” for sequestration into underlying formations (brine-saturated, oil and gas reservoirs, or other coal seams). In this case, the very large sorption capacities of coal, even at low CO2 pressures; the blockage of CO2 flow through cleats when they are saturated with H2 O; and the tendency of coal to swell when it sorbs CO2 , thus reducing cleat apertures and Darcy flow, all may contribute to make coal seams effective caprock.
Development as Indicated by a Study of Pronouns

(1942). Development as Indicated by a Study of Pronouns. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 125-134.
Efficient Inventory Management by Leveraging RFID in Service Organizations

RFID provides real-time tracking, resulting in two additional benefits as an information technology. When inventory is inaccurate and real-time tracking is not available organizations have to use a periodic review policy. When inventory is accurate and realtime tracking is available, they may switch to a continuous review policy. Based on a case study in a radiology practice, we compare the operational and economic differences between a system that uses barcode technology and periodic review, and one that uses RFID technology and continuous review. While the first switch from barcode to RFID is a technology improvement providing automatic counting, the second switch from periodic to continuous review is a process innovation. We measure the value of automatic counting, process innovation, and the total of the two, (the value of RFID). We also explain how these benefits change with service level, lead time, demand, etc.
303 A NEW METHOD FOR COMPUTER PROCESSING OF FETAL BREATHING ACTIVITY (FBA) BY EPOCH ANALYSIS

Current analytic methods including time and frequency domain approaches are often inadequate to fully characterize FBA. Because of its episodic nature and changing character with gestation, FBA does not lend itself to rigorous statistical analysis. To overcome this problem, we have developed an analytic approach which assumes that the activity occurs quasi-randomly during most of gestation, identifies episodes of activity (breathing) and non-activity (apnea) and characterizes the data within these epochs in a straightforward manner. Using a minicomputer, coded human ultrasonic or baboon tracheal fluid pressure data are digitized, pre-processed for removal of artefacts and breath detection. The distribution of detected breaths is used to identify epochs of FBA and to characterize each epoch with appropriate parameters, including duration, # of breaths, mean fetal breathing rate (FBR), FBR variability and mean breathing amplitude. Tabular and graphical outputs provide epoch by epoch results and summary statistics for a complete study. This approach offers several advantages: 1) data dependence making no assumptions about periodicities or character of breath-activity, 2) focus on the activities of interest while filtering out inherent variability and 3) systematic data reduction and application of standard statistical techniques to multiple recordings from any number of subjects.
The random field Ising model

Abstract We discuss the current status of random field systems, particularly those with Ising symmetry. Both theory and experiment agree that, in the equilibrium state, there is a transition to an ordered state in three dimensions and no such transition in two dimensions. The critical behavior in three dimensions is, however, not very well understood. More work remains to be done to understand the dynamics, both in the critical region and the low temperature phase.
Essential spectrum and local stability condition in hydrodynamics

Abstract Vortex rings (localized rotational disturbances) embedded in asymptotically uniform stream flows represent a wide class of solutions of steady Euler equations. We study the spectrum of natural oscillations in some vicinity of such a ring using a method for investigating the essential spectrum borrowed from magnetohydrodynamics. As a result we obtain a necessary stability condition for a vortex ring with respect to localized three-dimensional perturbations which is a natural generalization of the classical Rayleigh centrifugal stability condition.
Terminal Velocity of Raindrops Aloft

Abstract The inadequacy of previous calculations of terminal velocities at other than sea level conditions is discussed. Attention is called to actual measurements of terminal velocities at different air densities, and empirical formulae are presented which fit the data very closely.
The microvascular response to growth factors in the hamster cheek pouch.

Implicit in attempts to characterize and purify biologically active factors is the premise that the bioassay system employed will show a progressive increase in the response as the concentration of the responsible factor increases. We employed the hamster cheek pouch to assay the neovascularization potential of growth factors, including endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Each growth factor was applied to the system in graded concentration and two approaches used to assess neovascularization: first, direct serial inspection of the cheek pouches at 40 power; second, tritiated thymidine incorporation into endothelial cells, assessed by radioautography. PDGF induced a dose-related increase in neovascularization, with a threshold dose of 17.5 μg/ml and a peak, 56% response, at a PDGF concentration of 175 μg/ml. Progressive increases in PDGF concentration, thereafter, induced progressive reductions in the neovascularization rate. Under some conditions optimal bioassay requires serial dilutions of the assay material over a wide range.
The crystal field for ortho-H 2 impurities in solid para-H 2

The crystal field splitting of isolated ortho-hydrogen molecules with rotational angular momentumJ=1 in solid para-hydrogen withJ=0 is calculated in terms of a local distortion model. The introduction of aJ=1 impurity into a crystal ofJ=0 molecules leads to small lattice distortions, which give rise to crystalline fields. Values obtained for the level splitting |V c | from this local defect model are in good agreement with observations of the pressure dependence of the NMR absorption line. TheJ z =0 level is predicted to be the ground state, in disagreement with previous experimental determinations. No long-range deviation from an ideal hcp structure for para-hydrogen is necessary to explain the observed crystal field splitting. The calculation also indicates that presently available anisotropic H 2 -H 2 potential forms are adequate in the density range 1≤ρ/ρ 0 ≤1.7, where ρ 0 is the density at zero pressure.
Sex differences in blood protein patterns: Two dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the acidic proteins of rat plasma

Plasma from normal male and female rats was analyzed, after removal of albumin by affinity chromatography, by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results demonstrated gender differences in two plasma proteins with apparent molecular weights of 70 000 and 84 000 and isoelectric points ranging from 6.2 to 6.4, and 5.1 to 5.5, respectively. Both proteins were found to be more concentrated in the plasma minus albumin (P-alb) fraction of females than males in both Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. The 70 000 protein is serum albumin which was more completely removed from male plasma than female plasma. A possible mechanism responsible for this difference is discussed. The results support the existence of “maleness” and “femaleness” in blood protein patterns of rats.
Waste Minimization in the Manufacture of Flexible Polyurethane Foams: Quantification of Mass Loss

Experimental investigations were completed to quantify the dynamics of volatile loss from flexible polyurethane foams. Mass loss data were collected on laboratory and production foams. There is 30-45% of the volatiles (methylene chloride and carbon dioxide) remaining in the bun after the first 10 minutes. Considering the reaction kinetics, this residual volatile material is theorized to be mostly the auxiliary blowing agent, which is then lost by diffusion from the open cellular voids and the polyurethane solid. These experiments confirm the bi-modal behavior of volatile loss from polyurethane foams
POWER ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF DENSE CONFIGURED SUPER-SELF-ALIGNED BACK-GATE PLANAR TRANSISTORS

The works examines the power adaptive control of back-gated planar transistor employing a novel super-self-alignment design. The availability of such back-gate provides additional freedom for the improvement of the transistor performance of higher switching speed and lower power consumption. Both of these two capabilities are investigated through the studies of transistor's output and transfer characteristics.
What Should Investors Know About Social Ventures

The so-called “social” ventures or “socially responsible” ventures have grown in number and popularity in recent years. Yet they still remain a mystery for most investors as to what their objectives are and whether they are worth the consideration for investment. The article examines some of the key questions financiers have about social ventures, e.g., extent of their profit-orientation, inclination toward raising capital, and preferred strategies for exits. In addition, we analyze several key management practices of social ventures, with particular attention to those activities that impact the companies9 financial performance.
The foveal color-match-area effect.

Abstract Rayleigh matches for foveal, temporally alternating fields showed only a small increase in the log green/red matching ratio (0.03—average of 10 observers) as the field was decreased from 116 to 19 min arc. This is consistent with only a small, 10%, change in photopigment density or lengthening of the cone outer segments in the central fovea. The change in matches with field size is considerably less than reported in several previous studies.
Enhanced diffusion due to motile bacteria

The effect of bacterial motion on the diffusion of a molecule of high molecular weight is studied by observing the mixing of two streams of fluid in a microfluidic flow cell. We show that the presence of motile E. coli bacteria in one of the streams results in a marked increase in the effective diffusion coefficient of Dextran, which rises linearly with the concentration of bacteria from a baseline value of 0.2×10−7 to 0.8×10−7 (cm2/s) at a concentration of 2.1×109/ml (approximately 0.5% by volume). Furthermore, we observe that the diffusion process is also observed to undergo a change from standard Fickian diffusion to a superdiffusive behavior in which the diffusion exponent rises from 0.5 to 0.55 as the concentration of bacteria rises from 0 to 2.1×109/ml.
Language and theory of mind in preschool children with specific language impairment

Language plays a critical role in the development of theory of mind (ToM). There is limited research, however, examining the role of specific components of language in ToM development for typical and clinical populations. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relative contributions of general grammar, grammatical tense markers, syntactic complementation, and receptive vocabulary on understanding standard ToM tasks in preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI). Thirty-four children with language disorders, ages 42–65 months, were administered a series of language and ToM measures. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the relative contributions of language subcomponents to ToM task performance. The results indicated that general grammatical development and vocabulary contributed uniquely to ToM reasoning. Sentential complementation abilities did not make an independent contribution. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for different accounts of the role of language in ToM reasoning will be discussed. Learning outcomes: Readers of the current study will be able to: (1) understand the relationship between language and ToM development in both typical and clinical populations; (2) understand the different ways in which various language components are related to false belief reasoning; and (3) consider the implications for intervening with children with language disorders.
Understanding relationships between academic staff and administrators: an organisational culture perspective

This study attempts to advance the understanding of relationships between university academic staff and administrators through information in interviews with 18 academic staff members and 18 administrators at a large public research university in the United States. Through exploring the first‐hand insights and perceptions of interviewees from an organisational culture perspective, the findings suggest three patterns of relationships: professional, differential and fragmentary. The results also address the cultural subjectivity, diversity and complexity embedded in each pattern. Understanding the complex perceptions of relationships between academic staff and administrators should raise the sensitivity and awareness of individuals in their appreciation of how relationships are constructed, and help to reflect upon cultural characteristics in an academic organisation.
Interpreting Heidegger on Das Man

In their debate over my interpretation of Heidegger's account of das Man in Being and Time, Frederick Olafson and Taylor Carman agree that Heidegger's various characterizations of das Man are inconsistent. Olafson champions an existentialist/ontic account of das Man as a distorted mode of being‐with. Carman defends a Wittgensteinian/ontological account of das Man as Heidegger's name for the social norms that make possible everyday intelligibility. For Olafson, then, das Man is a privative mode of Dasein, while for Carman it makes up an important aspect of Dasein's positive constitution. Neither interpreter takes seriously the other's account, though both acknowledge both readings are possible. How should one choose between these two interpretations? I suggest that we choose the interpretation that identifies the phenomenon the work is examining, gives the most internally consistent account of that phenomenon, and shows the compatibility of this account with the rest of the work.