cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production and Economic Analysis of Two-Phase and Three-Phase Culture of Sunshine Bass in Earthen Ponds

Abstract We evaluated the potential of reducing growout phases of sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) in earthen ponds from three to two. Juveniles (mean weight = 1.8 g) were stocked at either low density (9,000/ha) or high density (20,000/ha) into 0.05-ha earthen ponds after conclusion of phase-I culture (zooplankton food source). For 504 d, fish in low- and high-density ponds received formulated feed twice daily to satiation. Fish in these two-phase, low-density (2P-LD) and two-phase, high-density (2P-HD) treatments were not harvested, size-graded, or restocked (as practiced in standard three-phase production systems), but they were grown the same amount of time. A third treatment, the standard three-phase (3P), system consisted of fish stocked into phase-II ponds at 30,000/ha, harvested after 11 months, size-graded, and restocked into phase-III ponds at 9,000/ha. In phase-III, fish were fed twice daily to satiation for 178 d. The mean weight and production...
Development and accreditation of a mechatronic systems engineering option within electrical engineering programs

The Mechatronic Systems Engineering option for the Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering program (BSEE-MSE) at the University of Denver addresses the growing technological need of the world community for engineers with comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge and skills, especially in the area of computer controlled electromechanical systems — mechatronics. This new program is an important complement to existing research in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and augments our internal "feeder system" tracking students from undergraduate to graduate studies. Development of the BSEE-MSE began in Fall 2008; it was approved in Spring 2009 for implementation in Fall 2010. Development of the BSEE-MSE was accomplished in tandem with a restructuring of the degree requirements for the Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering programs, and development of the dual degree programs in engineering. All of the engineering BS programs were evaluated by ABET in Fall 2010. Accrediting the program was somewhat problematic as there are no ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) Criteria for accrediting programs with the title "Mechatronic Systems Engineering." The program was, therefore, accredited using the EAC Criteria for Electrical and Electronics Engineering programs. Feedback received thus far from students, faculty and members of the ECE Industrial Advisory Board are positive, justifying further the need for such a degree.
Development of a Sampling Patch to Measure Dermal Exposures to Monomeric and Polymeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a patch sampler to monitor dermal exposures to monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in the automotive refinishing industry. Different patch materials were used to construct the patches, and patches impregnated with a derivatizing solution were compared with those that were not impregnated. We observed that impregnated felt patches measured significantly more HDI monomer (p = 0.04) than non-impregnated patches in a controlled experiment. Both impregnated and non-impregnated patches were compared with the tape-strip method by monitoring three spray painters’ dermal exposure to monomeric and polymeric HDI. Isocyanurate was the predominant species measured by all three sampler types with detectable levels in >86% of samples. Overall, tape-strips of exposed skin measured lower levels of monomeric and polymeric HDI than impregnated patch samplers at the same sampling site on the skin. Unlike tape-strips, impregnated patches are not as...
Ontology-guided Conceptual Analysis of Design Specifications

The integration of reusable IP blocks/cores is a common process in system-on-chip design and involves manually comparing/mapping IP specifications against system requirements. The informal nature of specification limits its automatic analysis. Existing techniques fail to utilize the underlying conceptual information embedded in specifications. In this paper, we present a methodology for specification analysis, which involves concept mining of specifications to generate domain ontologies. We employ a semi-supervised expert system with semantic analysis capability to create a collaborative framework for cumulative knowledge acquisition. Our system then uses the generated ontologies to perform component retrieval, drop-in-replacement analysis and design vs. test-plan comparisons. We demonstrate our approach by evaluating several IP specifications.
Terminal respiration in Trichomonas vaginalis.

SYNOPSIS. Trichomonas vaginalis grown aerobically slowly metabolizes glucose-U-C14 and succinate-2,3-C14 to CO2 and to amino acids which are then incorporated into protein. Analysis of protein hydrolysates from cells grown on glucose-U-C14 reveals radioactivity in 15 amino acids. Although the data do not permit a direct interpretation and analysis of the sequence of amino acid biosynthesis, it seems likely that a tricarboxylic acid cycle operates. Attempts to prepare cell-free systems carrying out cycle reactions have proved unsuccessful.
SNP markers trace familial linkages in a cloned population of Pinus taeda—prospects for genomic selection

Advances in DNA sequencing technology have made possible the genotyping of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and new methods of statistical analysis are emerging to apply these advances in plant breeding programs. We report the utility of markers for prediction of breeding values in a forest tree species using empirical genotype data (3,406 polymorphic SNP loci). A total of 526 Pinus taeda L. clones tested widely in field trials were phenotyped at age 5 years. Only 149 clones from 13 full-sib crosses were genotyped. Markers were fit simultaneously to predict marker additive and dominance effects. Subsets of the 149 genotyped clones were used to train a model using all markers. Cross-validation strategies were followed for the remaining subset of genotyped individuals. The accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values ranged from 0.61 to 0.83 for wood lignin and cellulose content, and from 0.30 to 0.68 for height and volume traits. The accuracies of predictions based on markers were comparable with the accuracies based on pedigree. Because of the small number of SNP markers used and the relatively small population size, we suggest that observed accuracies in this study trace familial linkage rather than historical linkage disequilibrium with trait loci. Prediction accuracies of models that use only a subset of markers were generally comparable with the accuracies of the models using all markers, regardless of whether markers are associated with the phenotype. The results suggest that using SNP loci for selection instead of phenotype is efficient under different relative lengths of the breeding cycle, which would allow cost-effective applications in tree breeding programs. Prospects for applications of genomic selection to P. taeda breeding are discussed.
Prediction of the Mass Sensitivity of Phage-Coated Magnetoelastic Biosensors for the Detection of Single Pathogenic Bacteria

Freestanding, strip-shaped magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors are a class of wireless, mass-based biosensors that are being developed for the real-time detection of pathogenic bacteria for food safety and bio-security. The mass sensitivity of these biosensors operating in longitudinal-vibration modes is known to be largely dependent on the position of masses attached to the sensor surfaces. Hence, considering this dependence is crucial to the detection of low-concentration target pathogens, including single pathogenic bacteria, because their local attachment may cause varying sensor responses. In a worst case scenario, the resultant sensor responses (i.e., mass-induced resonance frequency changes of the sensor) may be too small to be detected despite the attachment of the target pathogenic masses. To address the issue, phage-coated ME biosensors (magnetostrictive strips (4 mm × 0.8 mm × 30 μm) coated with a phage probe specifically binding streptavidin protein) with localized masses (streptavidin-coated polystyrene beads) were fabricated, and mass-position-dependence of the sensor’s sensitivity under the fundamental-mode vibration was experimentally measured. In addition, three-dimensional finite element (FE) modal analysis was performed using the CalculiX software to simulate the phenomena. The experimental and theoretical results show close agreement: (1) the mass sensitivity was low when the mass was positioned in the middle of the sensor’s longest dimension and (2) a much higher mass sensitivity was, by contrast, obtained for the equivalent masses placed at both ends of the strip-shaped sensor. Furthermore, FE models were constructed for differently sized, phage-coated ME biosensors (100 – 500 μm in length with different widths and thicknesses) loaded with a single bacterial mass (2 μm × 0.4 μm × 0.4 μm, 1.05 g/cm3) at varying longitudinal positions. The mass sensitivity was found to be approximated by a mass-position-dependent Boltzmann function whose amplitude is inversely proportional to the length squared, width, and thickness of the sensor.
Modification of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders by Genes, Diet, and Behavior

Multiple molecular, cellular, structural, and functional changes occur in the brain during aging. Neural cells may respond to these changes adaptively, or they may succumb to neurodegenerative casc...
­­Depletion of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Causes G0 Arrest in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells

We recently reported that Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) regulates global protein synthesis in a variety of human dividing cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. More specifically, APP depletion causes an increase of both cap- and IRES-dependent translation. Since growth and proliferation are tightly coupled processes, here, we asked what effects artificial downregulation of APP could have elicited in NSCLC cells proliferation. APP depletion caused a G0/G1 arrest through destabilization of the cyclin-C protein and reduced pRb phosphorylation at residues Ser802/811. siRNA to cyclin-C mirrored the cell cycle distribution observed when silencing APP. Cells arrested in G0/G1 (and with augmented global protein synthesis) increased their size and underwent a necrotic cell death due to cell membrane permeabilization. These phenotypes were reversed by overexpression of the APP C-terminal domain, indicating a novel role for APP in regulating early cell cycle entry decisions. It is seems that APP moderates the rate of protein synthesis before the cell clears growth factors- and nutrients-dependent checkpoint in mid G1. Our results raise questions on how such processes interact in the context of (at least) dividing NSCLC cells. The data presented here suggest that APP, although required for G0/G1 transitions, moderates the rate of protein synthesis before the cell fully commits to cell cycle progression following mechanisms, which seem additional to concurrent signals deriving from the PI3-K/Akt/mTORC-1 axis. APP appears to play a central role in regulating cell cycle entry with the rate of protein synthesis; and its loss-of-function causes cell size abnormalities and death.
Do CEOs Ever Lose? Fairness Perspective on the Allocation of Residuals Between CEOs and Shareholders

In this study we introduce a justice perspective to examining the result of bargaining between CEOs and boards over the allocation of firm residuals that ultimately determines CEO compensation. Framing CEO pay as the result of bargaining between CEOs and boards focuses attention on the power of CEOs to increase their share of firm residuals in the form of increased compensation, and the diligence of boards of directors to constrain CEO opportunism. Framing this negotiation through a theory of justice offers an alternative perspective to the search for pay-performance sensitivity. We predict and find that as board diligence in controlling opportunism declines and CEO power increases, CEOs are increasingly able to capture a larger portion of firm residuals relative to shareholders. This finding supports critics who charge that CEO pay violates norms of distributive and procedural justice.
Suspension Cell Culture and In Vivo and In Vitro Chromosome Constitution of Mouse Leukemia L1210

An in vitro culture of mouse leukemia L1210 was established, along with conditions for optimal growth in suspension culture. L1210 showed a high requirement for folic acid in comparison with other cell lines in vitro. As few as 10 viable cells cultured in vitro killed DBA/2 mice. Cells from ascites showed a sharp mode of 40 chromosomes, with a minute marker chromosome and an extra-small, T-type (telocentric) chromosome. Cells cultured in vitro showed a mode of 40 or 41 chromosomes and contained the minute marker but not the extra-small chromosome; in addition, an m-type (metacentric) marker chromosome was observed in the cultured cells. This in vitro system should lend itself to evaluation of karyogenesis in relation to carcinogenesis, drug effects, and cytogenetic dynamics, as well as to nutritional and metabolic studies.
Perspectives on Sergey Radchenko's Two Suns in the Heavens

In this forum, three leading experts on Sino-Soviet relations and Mao Zedong's policy toward the Soviet Union offer their appraisals of Sergey Radchenko's Two Suns in the Heavens, The Sino-Soviet Struggle for Supremacy, 1962–1967, published by the Woodrow Wilson Center Press. The commentators praise many aspects of Radchenko's book, but Michael Sheng and to a lesser extent Qiang Zhai and Deborah Kaple wonder whether Radchenko has gone too far in downplaying the role of ideology in Mao's foreign policy. Unlike Lorenz Luthi, who gives decisive weight to ideology in his own book about the Sino-Soviet split, Radchenko argues that a classical realist approach is the best framework for understanding Chinese foreign policy and the rift between China and the Soviet Union. Sheng and Zhai also raise questions about some of the sources used by Radchenko. Replying to the commentaries, Radchenko defends his conception of Mao's foreign policy, arguing that it is a more nuanced view than Sheng and Zhai imply. Radchenko ...
Translation of Gbps Phase-Modulated Optical Signal From Near-Infrared to Visible Band

Phase-coded optical signal was spectrally translated from the conventional near-infrared communication band to the visible band. Spectrally narrow 780-nm pump was combined with phase-modulated 1575-nm signal in a small core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), to generate 518-nm idler through parametric process. The phase-modulated idler carrying 1-Gbps information was received in an error-free manner. The onset of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) was found to be a major limitation for conversion efficiency and noise performance. The SBS effect and the birefringence properties of the small core PCF were studied at both 780 and 1550 nm and their impact on the parametric process was analyzed.
CLIC1 inserts from the aqueous phase into phospholipid membranes, where it functions as an anion channel

CLIC1 is a member of the CLIC family of proteins, which has been shown to demonstrate chloride channel activity when reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. CLIC1 exists in cells as an integral mem...
A comparison of non-interference and non-deducibility using CSP

The paper studies the relationship between the flow properties non-deducibility (ND) and non-interference (NI) in a uniform framework: CSP. It proposes a further flow property which eliminates certain undesirable features of NI and ND. It considers the preservation of these properties under composition. Finally, it informally explores the meaning of non-deducibility on strategies, identifying system properties which make a strategy attack possible. >
TGF-β Induces IL-9 Production from Human Th17 Cells

The secretion of IL-9, initially recognized as a Th2 cytokine, was recently attributed to a novel CD4 T cell subset termed Th9 in the murine system. However, IL-9 can also be secreted by mouse Th17 cells and may mediate aspects of the proinflammatory activities of Th17 cells. Here we report that IL-9 is secreted by human naive CD4 T cells in response to differentiation by Th9 (TGF-β and IL-4) or Th17 polarizing conditions. Yet, these differentiated naive cells did not coexpress IL-17 and IL-9, unless they were repeatedly stimulated under Th17 differentiation-inducing conditions. In contrast to the naive cells, memory CD4 T cells were induced to secrete IL-9 by simply providing TGF-β during stimulation, as neither IL-4 nor proinflammatory cytokines were required. Furthermore, the addition of TGF-β to the Th17-inducing cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-21, IL-23) that induce memory cells to secrete IL-17, resulted in the marked coexpression of IL-9 in IL-17 producing memory cells. The proinflammatory cytokine mediating TGF-β–dependent coexpression of IL-9 and IL-17 was identified to be IL-1β. Moreover, circulating monocytes were potent costimulators of IL-9 production by Th17 cells via their capacity to secrete IL-1β. Finally, to determine whether IL-9/IL-17 coproducing CD4 cells were altered in an inflammatory condition, we examined patients with autoimmune diabetes and demonstrated that these subjects exhibit a higher frequency of memory CD4 cells with the capacity to transition into IL-9+IL-17+ cells. These data demonstrate the presence of IL-17+IL-9+ CD4 cells induced by IL-1β that may play a role in human autoimmune disease.
Background modeling for segmentation of video-rate stereo sequences

Stereo sequences promise to be a powerful method for segmenting images for applications such as tracking human figures. We present a method of statistical background modeling for stereo sequences that improves the reliability and sensitivity of segmentation in the presence of object clutter. The dynamic version of the method, called gated background adaptation, can reliably learn background statistics in the presence of corrupting foreground motion. The method has been used with a simple head discriminator to detect and track people using a stereo head mounted on a pan/tilt platform. It runs at video rates using standard PC hardware.
Thematic review series: Lipid Posttranslational Modifications. Protein palmitoylation by a family of DHHC protein S-acyltransferases

Protein palmitoylation refers to the posttranslational addition of a 16 carbon fatty acid to the side chain of cysteine, forming a thioester linkage. This acyl modification is readily reversible, providing a potential regulatory mechanism to mediate protein-membrane interactions and subcellular trafficking of proteins. The mechanism that underlies the transfer of palmitate or other long-chain fatty acids to protein was uncovered through genetic screens in yeast. Two related S-palmitoyltransferases were discovered. Erf2 palmitoylates yeast Ras proteins, whereas Akr1 modifies the yeast casein kinase, Yck2. Erf2 and Akr1 share a common sequence referred to as a DHHC (aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine) domain. Numerous genes encoding DHHC domain proteins are found in all eukaryotic genome databases. Mounting evidence is consistent with this signature motif playing a direct role in protein acyltransferase (PAT) reactions, although many questions remain. This review presents the genetic and biochemical evidence for the PAT activity of DHHC proteins and discusses the mechanism of protein-mediated palmitoylation.
Digital Computer Simulation Study of a Real-Time Collection, Post-Processing Synthetic Focusing Ultrasound Cardiac Camera

High resolution ultrasound images (90% of Rayleigh limit at all depths) were obtained by computer analysis of digitized (at 10 and 20 points per microsecond, 8 bits per point) signals detected with a 32 element lead zirconium titanate 3.0 MHz array. Every sixth element was used as a transmitter and pulsed 31 times while the signals from the remaining 31 elements were addressed sequentially by an analog switch and their signals digitized and recorded. Each pixel in the cross-sectional image was produced by calculating the inner product of a specific window function and the ensemble of digitized signals. Thus the array is mathematically focused optimally for each pixel in the image. The acquisition and storage of all received signals allows subsequent approximate calculation of spatial distributions of such parameters as reflection, index of refraction, attenuation, etc. The extension of these techniques through the use of a fast analog and digital computer interface to obtain realtime and stop-action imaging is treated. Examples of images produced by these algorithms, the time requirements of various algorithms as determined by the computation speeds of present and anticipated digital and analog processing hardware is presented. Supported in part by NIH research grants HT-4-2904, RR-7, and HL-04664. Also supported in part by a contract from the Office of Naval Research to E. M. Eyring, with whom S. A. Johnson was a part-time research associate.
The Intellectual Infrastructure of Modernization in El Salvador, 1870-1900

The pursuit of economic and political progress engaged many of the Salvadoran elite during the last decades of the nineteenth century. The intellectuals were no less energetic in the chase. Travelers to El Salvador at the turn of the century commented favorably on the progress they perceived. Marie Robinson Wright, who visited the country in 1893, wrote euphorically of “modern improvement,” “progress,” and “development.” “Salvador flourishes,” she rhapsodized, “a glorious example of good discipline and government.” Percy F. Martin wrote in 1911 a long, sober account of his visit. He concluded, “The present condition of her civilization, of her arts and her commerce is eminently encouraging.” He also characterized the Salvadorans as “the most developed and most intellectual” of the Central Americans. These assessments inferred that the progress El Salvador demonstrated drew on North Atlantic models, and to the degree the Salvadorans adopted those models they were judged favorably by foreigners.
A Socio-Cultural Analysis of Practitioner Perspectives on Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in Special Education.

Despite the central role “evidence-based practice” (EBP) plays in special education agendas for both research and policy, it is widely recognized that achieving implementation of EBPs remains an elusive goal. In an effort to better understand this problem, we interviewed special education practitioners in four school districts, inquiring about the role evidence and EBP played in their work. Our data suggest that practitioners’ responses to policies that press for increased use of EBP are mediated by a variety of factors, including their interpretations of the EBP construct itself, as well as the organizational conditions of their work, and their access to relevant knowledge and related tools to support implementation. We interpret these findings in terms of their implications for understanding the problem of implementation through a more contextual and ecological lens than has been reflected in much of the literature to date.
Adrienne Shaw, Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture

Adrienne Shaw begins Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture by detailing her experiences as a young girl playing video games. Shaw never felt excluded from the gaming world despite not ascribing to a white, heterosexual, cisgendered male identity and was surprised to discover a male-centric gamer identity once she left the realm of childhood play. While filling games with more diverse characters seems to be an obvious solution for exclusionary game culture, Shaw, drawing from her own experiences, wonders if this solution is even desired by those existing within the margins of gamer culture. This book questions the importance of representation for nonnormative gamers and finds that while diversity is “nice” when it happens, it is not necessary for these populations to enjoy gaming. Shaw concludes that game producers should include diverse representation in games precisely because representation is not a key concern for gamers; therefore catering only to the dominant market is entirely unnecessary.
Nutritional Aspects in Children on CAPD

Eight children on CAPD and nine treated by hemodialysis were surveyed with regard to nutritional intake and were studied by IV glucose tolerance test. Children on CAPD adapt to the glucose absorption from dialysis fluid by spontaneously decreasing their carbohydrate intake in favor of fats. The energy intake is maintained, but the spontaneous protein intake is low. Protein losses into dialysate averaged 10% of protein intake. The diet should be modified to provide a high protein intake and should be monitored.
Comparison of Thymocyte and T Lymphocyte Gangliosides From C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ Mice

Gangliosides have been prepared from resting murine thymocytes and splenic T cells. Profoundly different two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D TLC) patterns were observed between these two cell types. Thymocytes contained 28-30 discrete gangliosides of which eight represented major gangliosides. Splenic T lymphocytes from both strains had much simpler patterns, with six to seven major gangliosides and 12-13 minor gangliosides. Computerized analysis of the thymocyte ganglioside patterns between LPS-responder C3H/HeN mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice revealed no significant difference in the major gangliosides. However, with splenic T cell gangliosides, there is a striking difference in the relative proportion of three homologous gangliosides between the two strains. Consistent with previous observations on macrophage gangliosides, the ratio of N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing ganglioside to N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing ganglioside was higher in both thymocytes and T-cells from the LPS-responder strain. These results show that sialic acid-containing glycolipids from thymocytes and T lymphocytes between endotoxin responder and hyporesponder strains manifest small but significant changes. These differences are present in unstimulated cell populations and may represent a manifestation of the Lps gene.
The treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Summary The most effective treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta is the operation consisting of multiple osteotomies and intramedullary rod fixations described by Sofield and Miller.15 These operations can correct deformity of a long bone, decrease the incidence of fractures, and improve the function of the involved limbs. Despite the magnitude of each operation, complications are relatively rare. Physical therapy is extremely important in strengthening bones and decreasing fractures. To date, medications and drugs have not been of significant help. The goals of these patients should be realistic, and once established, appropriate treatment should be undertaken to achieve them.
A pilot study evaluating the use of cervical ultrasound to confirm endotracheal intubation in dogs.

Objective To assess the accuracy and usability of cervical ultrasound as a means to confirm endotracheal (ET) intubation in dogs. Design Randomized pilot study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Six recently euthanized cadaver dogs. Interventions Endotracheal and esophageal intubations were randomly performed. The investigators performing the ultrasound examinations were blinded to the type of intubation. Ultrasound examinations were performed in right and left lateral recumbency. The time taken to obtain the images was recorded. Measurements and Main Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value with their correspondent 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 91.7% (CI, 82.7–96.7), 72.7% (CI, 60.4–84.0%), 78.6% (CI, 68.3–86.8%), and 88.9% (CI, 77.4–95.8%), respectively. The overall test accuracy with its correspondent 95% CI was 82.8% (CI, 75.4–88.1%). The mean time for confirmation with ultrasound was 20.2 seconds (standard deviation, 14.3 s). Cervical ultrasound was significantly more accurate at recognizing ET intubations than esophageal intubations (odds ratio, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.43–14.27; P = 0.010). There was a significant relationship between increase in body weight and accuracy, indicating that the test is more accurate in larger dogs (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08; P = 0.042). Conclusions Cervical ultrasound has high sensitivity and moderate specificity for ET intubation, and may be a useful tool to confirm ET intubation in dogs.
Introduction: “O, Rocks.… Tell Us in Plain Words”

This study is for readers of Ulysses. It attempts to comment on the major issues confronting a reader as he tries to make sense of the novel. In the title of my Introduction, I playfully use Molly’s response to Bloom’s explanation of metempsychosis (“O, rocks! … Tell us in plain words”) to indicate that Ulysses is a readable novel — rather than an elaborate puzzle or a Rosetta Stone or a hieroglyph. For Ulysses, while presenting unique challenges, depends upon readers who have a good deal of reading experience in more traditional narratives.
Stormwater runoff plumes in the Southern California Bight: A comparison study with SAR and MODIS imagery

Stormwater runoff is the largest source of pollution in the Southern California Bight (SCB), resulting from untreated runoff and pollutants from urban watersheds entering the coastal waters after rainstorms. We make use of both satellite SAR and MODIS-Aqua ocean color imagery to examine two different components of runoff plumes, the surface slick and the sediment discharge. We expand on earlier satellite SAR studies by examining an extensive collection of multi-platform SAR imagery, spanning from 1992 to 2014, that provides a more comprehensive view of the plume surface slick characteristics, illustrated with distribution maps of the extent and flow direction of the plumes. The SAR-detected surface plumes are compared with coincident rain and runoff measurements, and with available measured shoreline fecal bacteria loads. We illustrate differences in the detection of SAR surface plumes with the sediment-related discharge plumes derived from MODIS imagery. A conceptual satellite stormwater runoff monitoring approach is presented.
Reciprocal antagonistic regulation of N-myc mRNA by miR‑17 and the neuronal-specific RNA-binding protein HuD

Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer originating from embryonic neural crest cells. Amplification of the proto‑oncogene N-myc, seen in ~30% of neuroblastoma tumors, is a marker for poor prognosis. Recently discovered small regulatory RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in cancers, including neuroblastoma. miRNAs downregulate the expression of genes by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs), thereby inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of cognate mRNAs. Our study sought to identify miRNAs that regulate N-myc expression and thereby malignancy in neuroblastoma. miRNAs whose expression negatively correlates with N-myc expression were identified from a miRNA microarray of 4 N-myc-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Three of these miRNAs (miR-17, miR-20a and miR-18a) belong to the miR-17-92 cluster, previously shown to be upregulated by N-myc. qPCR validation of these miRNAs in a larger panel of cell lines revealed that levels of miR-17 were inversely proportional to N-myc mRNA amounts in the N-myc-amplified cell lines. Notably, miR-17 also downregulated N-myc protein synthesis in the N-myc-amplified cells, thereby generating a negative feedback regulatory loop between the proto-oncogene and this miRNA. Moreover, the neuronal-specific RNA-binding protein HuD (ELAVL4), which regulates the processing/stability of N-myc mRNA, competes with miR-17 for a binding site in the 3'-UTR of N-myc. Thus, N-myc levels appear to be modulated by the antagonistic interactions of both miR-17, as a negative regulator, and HuD, as a positive regulator, providing further evidence of the complex cellular control mechanisms of this oncogene in N-myc-amplified neuroblastoma cells.
Overview: Progress in Insect Neurophysiology

In recent years, neurohormonal mechanisms governing insect development, metabolism and behavior have been brought into sharper focus by key conceptual and technological advances. These include the introduction of antibodies, development of more sensitive and specific bioassays and improved liquid chromatography and peptide sequencing technologies. If a dominant theme existed at ICINN ’86, it was a continued focus on the structure elucidation of endogenous hormones and transmitters. Two strategies underlie the sequencing of novel peptides. One begins with the knowledge that a process such as eclosion, primary urine secretion or ecdysone release is controlled by a “factor” or hormone. The hormone is isolated using its action on the physiological target as a biological assay. Structure determination follows prior knowledge of the neuropeptide’s physiological action. The second, more general strategy is to choose a convenient bioassay such as hindgut contraction or heartbeat and to purify excitatory or inhibitory substances from tissue extracts. This strategy was taken for proctolin, Periplanetin CC1/CC2 and for the leucokinins reported at this conference (see below), all of which have myotropic actions on muscle.
The Last English Civil War

This essay examines why England experienced a civil war every fifty years from the Norman Conquest up until the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, and was completely stable after that point. The rea...
Influence of therapist behaviors on therapeutic alliance

A number of recent studies have investigated the relationship between therapist and client gender and conversation in marriage and family therapy. There has also been recent empirical investigation of therapeutic alliance and its influence on therapy outcome in marriage and family therapy. However, there has been limited investigation of the influence of interactional patterns on therapeutic alliance. It seems probable that therapy conversation (which seems to be influenced by gender) will influence therapeutic alliance and subsequent outcome.
Methods and Measurements of Food Color

Appearance involves all aspects of visual experience by which things are recognized. These include form and markings as well as color and gloss. Color is the most important optical attribute of product appearance, and the one which shall be discussed in detail, but it should be remembered that gloss, luster, turbidity, haze, distinctness-of-image, reflection, texture and other attributes also play an important role.
Community Composition and Diversity

It seems easy, or at least tractable, to compare the abundance of a single species in two samples. In this chapter, we introduce concepts that ecologists use to compare entire communities in two samples. We focus on two quantities: species composition, and diversity. We also discuss several issues related to this, including species–abundance distributions, ecological neutral theory, diversity partitioning, and species–area relations. Several packages in R include functions for dealing specifically with these topics.
Controlling atomistic processes on Pb films via quantum size effects and lattice rotation

The two main techniques used to record the data in this dissertation were Spot Profile Analysis - Low Energy Electron Diffraction (SPA-LEED) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). A specific data analysis technique for LEED data called G(S) curves is described in depth. G(S) curves can provide a great deal of structural information about the surface; including step heights, island size, and island separation. The effects of quantum size effects (QSE) on the diffusion and critical island sizes of Pb and In on Pb films are reported. Pb depositions on the 2D In phases {radical}3 and {radical}31 to see how the phases affect the Pb growth and its strong QSE are reported.
Social Emotional Needs: The Personal Narratives of Students with Gifts and Talents.

The purpose of this column is to describe and discuss the use of personal narrative, how it influences the lives of students with gifts and talents (SWGT), and how it can be used as a tool to under...
Abstract P152: Exercise Training Upregulates Nrf2 Gene Expression in the RVLM of Mice With Heart failure

Sympatho-excitation is an important hallmark in the heart failure (HF) state. It is known that HF is associated with global oxidative stress, which contributes to pathogenesis of sympatho-excitatio...
Expected Conditional Characteristic Function-based Measures for Testing Independence

We propose a novel class of independence measures for testing independence between two random vectors based on the discrepancy between the conditional and the marginal characteristic functions. The...
[Clinical applications of periodontal gingival surgery.I: autogenous grafts].

The field of periodontics has become increasingly discussed and advanced in recent decades. The techniques of periodontal soft tissue grafts are among these advancements. The techniques have been used more and more clinically not only in periodontics, but also in the areas of dental implantology, aesthetics, and orthodontics. In this article, we discuss the clinical indications and the advantages and disadvantages of several autogenous tissue grafts (e.g. pedical grafts, free gingival graft, and subepithelial connective tissue graft). These techniques have made root coverage and the rebuilding of attached gingival possible; therefore, it is necessary for all dentists to understand the applications of periodontal soft tissue grafts.
The Feel of 13,000 Containers: How Pilots Learn to Navigate Changing Logistical Environments

This article analyses how the 2016 expansion of the Panama Canal changed the work of the pilots responsible for navigating massive ships through the chokepoint. For pilots, the expansion meant lear...
On additive vertex labelings

In a quite general sense, additive vertex labelings are those functions that assign nonnegative integers to the vertices of a graph and the weight of each edge is obtained by adding the labels of its end-vertices. In this work we study one of these functions, called harmonious labeling. We calculate the number of non-isomorphic harmoniously labeled graphs with n edges and at most n vertices. We present harmonious labelings for some families of graphs that include certain unicyclic graphs obtained via the corona product. In addition, we prove that all n -cell snake polyiamonds are harmonious; this type of graph is obtained via edge amalgamation of n copies of the cycle C 3 in such a way that each copy of this cycle shares at most two edges with other copies. Moreover, we use the edge-switching technique on the cycle C 4 t to generate unicyclic graphs with another type of additive vertex labeling, called strongly felicitous, which has a solid bond with the harmonious labeling.
American football is the youth sporting activity most commonly associated with acute vertebral fractures.

Athletics confer cardiovascular fitness and improved cognitive processing in pediatric populations. However, one risk of sports participation is acute vertebral fracture, an injury with significant...
Abstract 16213: Short QT Syndrome Case Study

Introduction: Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a very rare genetic disease of the electrical system of the heart which is associated with an increase risk of abnormal cardiac rhythms and sudden cardiac ...
A review of recent response-time analyses in educational testing.

The use of computer-based assessments in educational testing allows researchers to collect response times at a large scale for each test taker in standardized operational settings. The availability of these data sources has triggered more research aimed at utilizing response times to aid in current psychometric practice. This paper provides an overview of the type of research accomplished after year 2000. Future research directions are discussed.
CHAPTER 34 – Auditory System

This chapter reviews the structure of the human auditory system and considers how its structural organization reflects its function. Although much understanding of the structure and function of the auditory system is based on the large body of work done in nonprimate mammals, this chapter emphasizes the specific organization of the human auditory system and cites, wherever possible, studies done in other species of primates. Though emphasis is on neural mechanisms of information transfer, description of the auditory system is provided in context of the external, middle, and inner ear. The chapter also focuses on the process of information transfer through progressively higher levels of the auditory system, beginning with the passage of mechanical impulses through the middle and inner ear, and continuing with the subsequent cellular and neural processes occurring at cochlear, brain stem, and forebrain levels. An overview of the anatomy and dimensions of the human auditory system is provided.
Biochemical Restoration of Aged Human Bruch's Membrane: Experimental Studies to Improve Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplant Survival and Differentiation

Suspensions of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (hES-RPE) and human fetal RPE resurface aged and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Bruch's membrane to a limited degree at day 21 in organ culture. Survival and differentiation of hES-RPE and human fetal RPE on aged or AMD Bruch's membrane are enhanced greatly (200%) if a biologically synthesized extracellular matrix (bovine corneal endothelial cell extracellular matrix) is laid down on Bruch's membrane prior to transplantation. Transplanted RPE survival is enhanced even more (400-1,000%) if Bruch's membrane is treated with bovine corneal endothelial cell-conditioned medium during organ culture of hES-RPE or fetal RPE on aged or AMD Bruch's membrane. Future efforts are focused on identifying the bioactive components of bovine corneal endothelial cell-conditioned medium, so that this material can be reconstituted for clinical use as an adjunct to improve RPE transplant survival and differentiation in AMD eyes.
Methionyl soluble ribonucleic acid transformylase. I. Purification and partial characterization.

Abstract The N10-formyltetrahydrofolate:methionyl soluble ribonucleic acid transformylase has been purified over 1500-fold from Escherichia coli B. Although not homogeneous at this stage, the enzyme was of sufficient purity to determine some physical characteristics. The sedimentation constant was 2.02 which would indicate a molecular weight of approximately 25,000. In addition to the substrates of the reaction a partial dependency on magnesium ion was observed. The identity of the formyl donor was elucidated and found to be N10-formyltetrahydrofolate.
Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in Gaffkya homari: reactivation of membranes by freeze-thawing in the presence and absence of walls.

Abstract The reactivation of membranes from Gaffkya homari for the synthesis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble peptidoglycan (SDS-insoluble PG) was achieved by successive cycles of freeze-thawing (− 196 versus 25°C). The presence of G. homari walls during this process affected the synthesis of both SDS-soluble (nascent) and SDS-insoluble PG. At two cycles the synthesis of SDS-soluble PG decreased by 70%, whereas that of SDS-insoluble PG increased sevenfold when compared with membranes reactivated in the absence of walls but assayed in the presence of walls. Moreover, at six cycles the lag time for the synthesis of SDS-insoluble PG decreased from 15 min to 5 to 7 min. Walls from G. homari could not be replaced with walls from Bacillus megaterium or cellulose. In addition to these effects, the presence of walls from G. homari or B. megaterium or of cellulose during the incubation of membranes freeze-thawed in the absence of walls increased twofold the amount of SDS-insoluble PG. Reactivated membranes showed greater sensitivities to penicillin (an inhibitor of dd-carboxypeptidase) and d-methionine (an inhibitor of ld-carboxypeptidase) than did isolated membrane-walls. The percentage of cross-linking of the SDS-insoluble PG synthesized by the reactivated system was 34%, a value similar to that observed for the polymer synthesized by isolated membrane-walls. Freeze-thawing membranes and walls together gave a complex with a density different from that of either membranes or walls. Thus, the assembly system for the synthesis and processing of PG was reconstituted in a complex of membranes and walls prepared from the isolated components. Whether this complex has the exact interrelationship between membrane and wall found in the organism has not been established.
AJAE Appendix: Agro-Manufactured Export Prices, Wages and Unemployment

Downloads prior to moving to this URL on 12/8/08: 2008_05 18 2008_06 18 2008_07 10 2008_08 11 2008_09 13 2008_10 12
Attorney Fees and Lien Priorities

This article examines a California decision that held that the attorneys fees of a successful purchaser in a specific performance action are subordinate to any liens the seller imposed on the property during the litigation.
Autoradiographic Technique for Steroid Hormone Localization

Autoradiographic procedures can be used to locate cells that concentrate steroid hormones. The autoradiographic demonstration of steroid concentration has been used for studies on the uterus and other tissues, but it is an especially useful technique when applied to the brain. The brain is made up of cells heterogenous in structure and function, and thus the anatomical detail obtainable with autoradiography is an especially important advantage in this organ.
Osteoprotegerin and Osteoclast Differentiation Factor in Tooth Eruption

A critical cellular event in tooth eruption is the formation of osteoclasts that are needed for bone resorption to form an eruption pathway. To analyze molecular regulation of osteoclast formation and activation, we examined the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of osteoclast formation. In vivo, the gene expression of OPG is reduced in the dental follicle of the first mandibular molar of the rat at day 3 post-natally and in the mouse at day 5. This correlates with the days of maximal mononuclear cell influx and osteoclast numbers in the rat and mouse. Thus, inhibition of OPG gene expression on these days might allow osteoclasts to be formed and/or activated. In vitro studies demonstrated that both colony-stimulating factor-1 and parathyroid hormone-related protein reduced OPG gene expression in follicle cells, suggesting that these are candidate molecules for the in vivo inhibition of OPG expression. Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) immunolocalizes to the alveolar bone stromal cells...
Projected mortality from injuries

Illustrative projections of mortality from injuries, all accidents and motor vehicle crashes were developed based on current mortality rates. If exposure to existing injury sources is unchanged and unless more effective injury prevention countermeasures are employed, 8 million injury deaths may be expected to occur among the resident population of the United States alive in 1980. These deaths include nearly 2 million motor vehicle fatalities and more than 5.6 million deaths from all accidents.
Method for measuring the mode-index ratio of two regions in a planar waveguide.

A method for measuring the mode-index ratio n of two regions of a planar waveguide with an accuracy of better than 2 in 105 is presented. Simple and reliable techniques were utilized to produce two contiguous waveguides, with different refractive indices, on a common substrate. The two waveguiding regions were fabricated both in LiNbO3 and in BK-7 glass by using titanium indiffusion followed by a proton-exchange (TIPE) process and a two-step Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange technique, respectively. The measured mode-index ratios obtained by our method agreed well with values obtained with the conventional prism-coupling technique.