cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive Linear Regression with Pairwise Comparisons

A general goal of interactive learning is to investigate broad ways of leveraging human feedback, and understand the benefits of learning from potentially complex feedback. We study a special case of linear regression with access to comparisons between pairs of samples. Learning from such queries is motivated by several important applications, where obtaining comparisons can be much easier than direct labels, and/or when comparisons can be more reliable. We develop an interactive algorithm that utilizes both labels and comparisons to obtain a linear estimator, and show that it only requires a very small amount of direct labels to achieve low error. We also give minimax lower bounds for the problem, showing that our algorithm is optimal up to log factors. Finally, experiments show that our algorithm outperforms label-only algorithms when labels are scarce, and it can be practical for real-world applications.
A New Species of Phaedon Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1823 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from Utah and Colorado, USA

Phaedon uinta Clark and Gilbert, new species, is described from Utah and Colorado, USA, and placed in the subgenus Phaedon Megerle von Muhlfeld, 1823. The adult host is Lepidium eastwoodiae Wooten (Brassicaceae). Illustrations are provided for P. uinta and for the similar species Phaedon purpureus (Linell, 1897). A diagnostic key is provided to facilitate identification of the Phaedon species north of Mexico.
Undergraduate students' experiences of using information at the career fair: A phenomenographic study conducted by the libraries and career center

Abstract Information literacy is vital to students seeking employment following their undergraduate education. Yet little is known about how students approach using information as part of their career search. This phenomenographic study examined how students experience using information as part of a career fair, or on-campus job expo. Researchers interviewed undergraduate students after a major campus career fair. The findings suggest that students may experience using information in a career fair context as: 1) navigators completing a series of steps, 2) performers seeking to connect with the right person, or 3) aligners determining if a company is a match for them.
Tunable dispersibility and wettability of graphene oxide through one-pot functionalization and reduction.

Abstract Hypothesis Surface functionalization is an effective method to tune the wettability and dispersibility of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, but functionalization methods often require long reaction times and expensive reagents. To meet this GO processing need, we propose a quick, industrially scalable GO functionalization scheme based upon Fischer esterification and epoxide ring-opening reactions; we expect this method to yield hydrophobic graphene with tuned wettability and dispersibility properties through the attachment of various alkyl groups. Experiment N-pentyl and t-butyl groups were grafted onto GO in a one-pot functionalization and reduction scheme and chemical functionalization was confirmed by various techniques. Subsequently, the wettability of the functionalized GO was investigated through contact angle measurements and the dispersibility of GO in various solvents was observed. Findings The contact angle of n-pentyl functionalized GO increased to 134.0°, a value comparable or superior to those achieved for functionalized GO in the literature. Furthermore, dispersibility studies showed that functionalized GO had distinct affinities for organic solvents, with t-butyl functionalized GO being highly dispersible in chloroform and n-pentyl GO being highly dispersible in toluene. We propose that this functionalization and reduction method could be successfully applied on the industrial scale to engineer reduced graphene oxide with tuned dispersibility and wettability properties.
Utilization of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy for Intact Renal Cell Carcinoma: Trends in Treatment and Predictors of Outcome.

Abstract Purpose Surgery is the standard-of-care treatment in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), offering excellent chance of cure. However, there is a subset of patients who are ineligible for surgery and instead manage with ablative therapies, such as stereotactic ablative body radiation therapy (SABR). We used the National Cancer Database to examine trends in the use of SABR for inoperable RCC and identify any predictors of outcome. Methods and Materials We queried the National Cancer Database for patients with unresected RCC between 2004 and 2016 who were treated with SABR. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to determine overall survival. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify predictors of survival. Results We identified 347 patients meeting eligibility criteria. Median age was 74, and the majority of patients were clinical stage T1-2 (80%) and N0 (97%). The median tumor size was 3.8 cm (interquartile range [IQR], 2.8-5.2 cm). Six percent of patients received systemic therapy. The median dose of SABR was 45 Gy (IQR, 35-54 Gy) in 3 fractions (IQR, 1-5 fractions). The median follow-up was 36 months (IQR, 1-156 months). Predictors of decreased survival were age >74, larger tumors, and N1 or M1 disease. Median survival across the entire cohort was 58 months. Median survival was 92 months, 88 months, 44 months, and 26 months for primary tumors ≤2.5 cm, 2.6-3.5 cm, 3.5-5.0 cm, and >5.0 cm, respectively (P Conclusions SABR is being increasingly used for renal cell carcinoma across the United States with excellent outcomes in smaller tumors.
Nanoindentation study of time-dependent mechanical properties of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) at different temperatures

Abstract Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) possesses high potential to be utilized as a body armor material due to its outstanding mechanical properties. The UHMWPE materials exhibit property anisotropy in the longitudinal and the transverse directions. In this study, the time-dependent transverse mechanical properties of UHMWPE sheet and fiber samples were systematically studied at different temperatures using the nanoindentation method. The different levels of crystallinity of the sheet and fiber samples were expected to lead to the differences in mechanical properties. These differences were revealed by XRD and DSC studies.
Does supply meet demand? A comparison of perfusion strategies on cerebral metabolism in a neonatal swine model.

Abstract Objective We aimed to determine the effects of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion compared with other perfusion strategies on indices of cerebral blood flow, oxygenation, cellular stress, and mitochondrial function. Methods One-week-old piglets (n = 41) were assigned to 5 treatment groups. Thirty-eight were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Of these, 30 were cooled to 18°C and underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (n = 10), underwent selective antegrade cerebral perfusion at 10 mL/kg/min (n = 10), or remained on continuous cardiopulmonary bypass (deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, n = 10) for 40 minutes. Other subjects remained on normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 8) or underwent sham surgery (n = 3). Novel, noninvasive optical measurements recorded cerebral blood flow, cerebral tissue oxyhemoglobin concentration, oxygen extraction fraction, total hemoglobin concentration, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Invasive measurements of cerebral microdialysis and cerebral blood flow were recorded. Cerebral mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species generation were assessed after the piglets were killed. Results During hypothermia, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest piglets experienced increases in oxygen extraction fraction (P Conclusions Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion meets cerebral metabolic demand and mitigates cerebral mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Excess oxygen delivery during deep hypothermia may have deleterious effects on cerebral mitochondria that may contribute to adverse neurologic outcomes. We describe noninvasive measurements that may help guide perfusion strategies.
Review of The grounded instruction librarian: Participating in the scholarship of teaching and learning

Review of Mallon, M., Hays, L., Bradley, C., Huisman, R., and Belanger, J. (2019). The grounded instruction librarian: Participating in the scholarship of teaching and learning. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. 356pp.
The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Protein and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the rat Lens

In an attempt to elucidate some of the biochemical mechanisms which may be responsible for the pathogenesis of radiation cataract, some aspects of protein, RNA, and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in the lenses of rats exposed to a single cataractogenic dose of x radiation (1500 r, whole-body or locally to the head). Data were obtained on C/sup 14/-leucine incorporation into the soluble and insoluble protein-RNA complex of lens. There was a marked increase in the 6-hr incorporation of leucine into the insoluble protein-RNA complex of lenses derived from both groups of irradiated rats as compared with controls. There was also a marked increase in incorporation of P/sup 32/ into the albuminoid RNA fraction from irradiated lenses as compared with control lenses. This increase was maintained for at least 24 hr after irradiation. The results of recovery of C/sup 14/O/sub 2/ from control and experimental lenses incubated with glucose-1-C/sup 14/ or (G-6-P) dehydrogenase showed no changes in irradiated lenses. However, there was an increase in lactate concentration of lens one week after irradiation, which returned to normal at the end of the second week. Anaerobic glycolysis was not only unaffected by radiation, but may be capable of an increased activity aftermore » exposure to radiation. It appears that there is a marked increase in the turnover of the albuminoid RNA as reflected by an increased incorporation of P/sup 32/ into this molecule, while the concentration of this RNA remains unchanged. (TCO)« less
Endothelin receptor blockade in congestive heart failure.

To the Editor: Of the many new therapeutic agents for slowing the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF), other than antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, blocking the endothelin receptors seems to be most promising. The two latest reports published in Circulation 1,2 render further support to this exciting concept. Endothelin may contribute …
Regulatory and Conventional CD4+ T Cells Show Differential Effects Correlating with PD-1 and B7-H1 Expression after Immunotherapy

Recently, our laboratory reported that secondary CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor responses were impaired following successful initial antitumor responses using various immunotherapeutic approaches. Although immunotherapy stimulated significant increases in CD8+ T cell numbers, the number of CD4+ T cells remained unchanged. The current investigation revealed a marked differential expansion of CD4+ T cell subsets. Successful immunotherapy surprisingly resulted in an expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells concurrent with a reduction of conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) cells, despite the marked antitumor responses. Following immunotherapy, we observed differential up-regulation of PD-1 on the surface of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and CD4+Foxp3- Tconv cells. Interestingly, it was the ligand for PD-1, B7-H1 (PDL-1), that correlated with Tconv cell loss after treatment. Furthermore, IFN-gamma knockout (IFN-gamma-/-) and IFN-gamma receptor knockout (IFN-gammaR-/-) animals lost up-regulation of surface B7-H1 even though PD-1 expression of Tconv cells was not changed, and this correlated with CD4+ Tconv cell increases. These results suggest that subset-specific expansion may contribute to marked shifts in the composition of the T cell compartment, potentially influencing the effectiveness of some immunotherapeutic approaches that rely on IFN-gamma.
Refining Measures for Assessing Problematic/Addictive Digital Gaming Use in Clinical and Research Settings

Problematic or addictive digital gaming (including all types of electronic devices) can and has had extremely adverse impacts on the lives of many individuals across the world. The understanding of this phenomenon, and the effectiveness of treatment design and monitoring, can be improved considerably by continuing refinement of assessment tools. The present article briefly overviews tools designed to measure problematic or addictive use of digital gaming, the vast majority of which are founded on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for other addictive disorders, such as pathological gambling. Although adapting DSM content and strategies for measuring problematic digital gaming has proven valuable, there are some potential issues with this approach. We discuss the strengths and limitations of current methods for measuring problematic or addictive gaming and provide various recommendations that might help in enhancing or supplementing existing tools, or in developing new and even more effective tools.
Motion encoding and decoding in the turtle retina

The turtle retina is organized with predominantly two important classes of cells. The first, known as A cells, is sensitive only to light intensity. The other, known as B cells, is also sensitive to direction of targets. We propose models for both types of cells and demonstrate results the models yield. We also show the encoding properties of a single cells and show how a single B-cell can be used in an input discrimination task.
BlogVox: learning sentiment classifiers

Performing sentiment analysis upon a topic, specified by key words, without prior knowledge about the key words is a difficult task. With the growth of the blogosphere researchers, corporations, and politicians, among others are very interested in applying sentiment detection to blogs. To accommodate the demands from myriad users, with similarly diverse desires, a sentiment analysis engine for blogs must discover domain specific features relevant to queries in order to accurately assess the sentiment of blogs. Using meta-learning upon the results of web searches, as BlogVox does, can accomplish this goal
Distal femoral canal pressurization after introduction of cement restrictor plugs: an in vitro analysis

Modern cementing techniques in total hip arthroplasty routinely include the use of cement restrictor plugs to occlude the femoral canal, which enable cement containment and help in pressurized cement application. Formation of emboli from within the intramedullary canal is of great concern. We investigated the insertion force profile and distal femoral canal pressurization as a result of the introduction of different sizes of cement restrictor plugs from three different manufacturers on artificial femora. No significant difference in insertion force profiles were observed for the different restrictors tested. However, the Stryker Howmedica cement restrictor plugs generated the highest pressure in the distal intramedullary canal.
Restriction and Modification in Group N Streptococci: Effect of Heat on Development of Modified Lytic Bacteriophage

The appearance of lytic bacteriophage against newly introduced starter strains used during commercial cheese manufacture occurs rapidly, and their origin is not well understood. In this study, members of the group N streptococci were examined for the presence of bacteriophage restriction and modification systems. Two streptococcal phages from Streptococcus cremoris TR and Streptococcus lactis C2 (phage designations tr and c2) showed restricted lytic development on S. cremoris 799 and KH, respectively. Efficiency of plaquing was 1.9 x 10 for tr plaqued on 799 and 2.1 x 10 for c2 plaqued on KH. After passage through the restrictive hosts, these phages demonstrated high lytic ability for formerly restrictive hosts. Stress of the restrictive host strains at temperatures of 40 to 50 degrees C resulted in a significant increase in the efficiency of plaquing of restricted bacteriophages. Elevated temperatures are encountered during commercial cheese manufacture. The results suggested that the temporary loss of host restriction activity with the resulting modification of nonspecific bacteriophage may contribute directly to the appearance of lytic phage against new starter strains.
Game-Based Simulation for the Evaluation of Threat Detection in a Seaport Environment

The ability to simulate a seaport environment, including illicit cargo and the sensors designed to detect such cargo, allows the evaluation of alternative detection methods in order to improve security at our nation's seaports. We describe our progress towards this goal. Specifically, we describe our modeling of threats at a particle emission level, modeling of sensors as particle detectors, modeling of the seaport dynamics (e.g, ships, cargo containers, cranes, trucks), and how the particles interact with the various structures and materials in the seaport environment as the cargo moves through the seaport. Ultimately, this simulation will serve as a testbed for the evaluation of sensor network data collection, fusion and decision making for threat detection in a seaport environment.
Semi-active damping control system with smart actuator

Abstract In this paper, we describe a new semi-active suspension system to realize the “skyhook” principle. The “skyhook” damping principle is a basic concept of the semi-active suspension control for improving vehicle stability and ride comfort. Recently, several practical methods have been proposed to realized the “skyhook” damping principle. We understand that these proposed systems still have room for improvements in terms of system complexity. Therefore, we have developed a semi-active suspension control system with four smart actuators. The smart actuator has a controller IC on it into which the acceleration sensor, signal processing circuit and actuator driver are integrated.
Inhalable PEGylated Phospholipid Nanocarriers and PEGylated Therapeutics for Respiratory Delivery as Aerosolized Colloidal Dispersions and Dry Powder Inhalers

Nanomedicine is making groundbreaking achievements in drug delivery. The versatility of nanoparticles has given rise to its use in respiratory delivery that includes inhalation aerosol delivery by the nasal route and the pulmonary route. Due to the unique features of the respiratory route, research in exploring the respiratory route for delivery of poorly absorbed and systemically unstable drugs has been increasing. The respiratory route has been successfully used for the delivery of macromolecules like proteins, peptides, and vaccines, and continues to be examined for use with small molecules, DNA, siRNA, and gene therapy. Phospholipid nanocarriers are an attractive drug delivery system for inhalation aerosol delivery in particular. Protecting these phospholipid nanocarriers from pulmonary immune system attack by surface modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylation, enhancing mucopenetration by PEGylation, and sustaining drug release for controlled drug delivery are some of the advantages of PEGylated liposomal and proliposomal inhalation aerosol delivery. This review discusses the advantages of using PEGylated phospholipid nanocarriers and PEGylated therapeutics for respiratory delivery through the nasal and pulmonary routes as inhalation aerosols.
Personal History: Resolution

When I was in my third year of practice, I told a man in error that he would die. I first met Mr. G in the EMG lab. His doctor had sent him for the test because his legs ached and his muscle enzymes were slightly elevated. Although I couldn’t find much weakness on examination, Mr. G told me he was having trouble in his work as a mason, with increasing difficulty lifting his usual hundred-pound bags of rock. I wasn’t sure of his diagnosis when I started the EMG and was surprised when every muscle I examined showed large motor units and fibrillations. I felt a vague uneasiness because he wasn’t weaker and didn’t have upper motor neuron signs, but I decided that the picture was best explained by a diagnosis of a motor neuron disease. I conveyed this bad news to Mr. G’s doctor, who sent him to see me in the office, where we were now meeting for the second time. Mr. G was in his 60s, as gruff as I remembered him, his belly in a white T-shirt hanging over his belt. He had little to add to his story. I examined him again and reviewed his imaging and blood tests. The moment had come. There was Mr. G with his simple question: what was wrong with his legs? There was I, full of doubt, which I attributed to my inexperience. I started to explain the subtleties of the situation, the discrepancies between the clinical picture and the EMG findings, the degree of uncertainty this generated. I sensed his growing impatience with me. All those details were my problem. He just wanted to know what was wrong. I did …
A crystalline protein of high molecular weight from cytoplasmic granules in sea urchin eggs and embryos.

Abstract Homogenates of eggs and embryos from three species of sea urchin contain large quantities of a protein whose presence is revealed by its ultraviolet absorption in sedimentation profiles. The material sediments homogeneously at 27 S in several media at neutral pH. It is free of nucleic acids, egg pigments, and of Cu, Fe, and Zn. The protein has been crystallized and examined by negative staining and high resolution electron microscopy. The 27 S material has a molecular weight of 894,000, as determined in the ultracentrifuge by the approach to equilibrium method, and a complex internal structure revealed by the electron microscope. The particle is a parallelepiped, and its exterior dimensions average 125 × 180 × 90 A. This material arises during homogenization of the cells from the rupture of large and abundant subcellular particles, probably yolk.
Alkaline phosphatase revisited: hydrolysis of alkyl phosphates.

Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) is the prototypical two metal ion catalyst with two divalent zinc ions bound approximately 4 A apart in the active site. Studies spanning half a century have elucidated many structural and mechanistic features of this enzyme, rendering it an attractive model for investigating the potent catalytic power of bimetallic centers. Unfortunately, fundamental mechanistic features have been obscured by limitations with the standard assays. These assays generate concentrations of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) in excess of its inhibition constant (K(i) approximately 1 muM). This tight binding by P(i) has affected the majority of published kinetic constants. Furthermore, binding limits k(cat)/K(m) for reaction of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, the most commonly employed substrate. We describe a sensitive (32)P-based assay for hydrolysis of alkyl phosphates that avoids the complication of product inhibition. We have revisited basic mechanistic features of AP with these alkyl phosphate substrates. The results suggest that the chemical step for phosphorylation of the enzyme limits k(cat)/K(m). The pH-rate profile and additional results suggest that the serine nucleophile is active in its anionic form and has a pK(a) of < or = 5.5 in the free enzyme. An inactivating pK(a) of 8.0 is observed for binding of both substrates and inhibitors, and we suggest that this corresponds to ionization of a zinc-coordinated water molecule. Counter to previous suggestions, inorganic phosphate dianion appears to bind to the highly charged AP active site at least as strongly as the trianion. The dependence of k(cat)/K(m) on the pK(a) of the leaving group follows a Bronsted correlation with a slope of beta(lg) = -0.85 +/- 0.1, differing substantially from the previously reported value of -0.2 obtained from data with a less sensitive assay. This steep leaving group dependence is consistent with a largely dissociative transition state for AP-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters. The new (32)P-based assay employed herein will facilitate continued dissection of the AP reaction by providing a means to readily follow the chemical step for phosphorylation of the enzyme.
The Development of a Free Amino Acid Diet for the Growing Chick

Abstract GROWTH of chicks fed protein-free, amino acid diets was considered unsatisfactory until recently. Earlier investigators, Hegsted (1944), Almquist and Grau (1944), Grau and Peterson (1946), Grau (1947 Grau (1949), Luckey et al. (1947), Lewis (1953), Benton et al. (1955, 1957), reported growth rates of chicks that were considerably below those of chicks receiving intact proteins. Glista (1951) force-fed an amino acid diet that supported chick growth comparable to that obtained by feeding a diet containing intact protein. Fisher and Johnson (1957) reported growth of .5 chicks fed an amino acid diet for 7 days that was as good as the growth of control chicks fed a practical corn-soybean diet. Fox et al. (1958) found that day-old New Hampshire chicks fed a diet containing a modification of the mixture of Fisher and Johnson (1956) grew as well as chicks fed intact protein up to 2 weeks of age. Growth of chicks fed …
Variational principles for second-order quasi-linear scalar equations

Abstract The problem of constructing variational principles for a given second-order quasi-linear partial differential equation is considered. In particular, we address the problem of finding a first-order function f whose product with the given differential operator is the Euler-Lagrange operator derived from some Lagrangian. Two sets of equations for such a function f are obtained. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the integration of the first set are established in general and these lead to a considerable simplification of the second set. In certain special cases, such as the case when the operator is elliptic, the problem is completely solved. The utility of our results is illustrated by a variety of examples.
An improved test for interfacial shear strength

Abstract An improved test for determining the shear strength of the interfacial bond in fibre composite systems is presented. The procedure retains the direct interpretation of the fibre pullout technique, but by employing multiple fibres the tediousness of the latter method is avoided. Stainless steel fibres with several different matrices, both ductile and brittle are used, and the experimental observations are discussed with reference to related studies in the literature. It is shown that matrix ductility has a significant effect upon effective pullout stress and that pullout stress is insensitive to fibre spacing.
Effects of transgenic Bt cotton on insecticide use and abundance of two generalist predators

Considerable effort has been expended to determine if crops genetically engineered to produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins harm non-target arthropods. However, if Bt crops kill target pests and thereby reduce insecticide use, this could benefit some non-target arthropods. We analyzed data from 21 commercial cotton fields in Arizona to test the effects of Bt cotton on insecticide use and abundance of two non-target arthropods, the generalist predators Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius tristicolor (White) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). The number of insecticide sprays was more than double for non-Bt cotton compared with Bt cotton that produced Cry1Ac. The abundance of both predators was negatively associated with the number of insecticide sprays, although significantly so for only one of two sampling periods for each species tested. With the effects of insecticides statistically removed, field type (Bt or non-Bt cotton) did not affect the abundance of either predator. Accordingly, without adjusting for the effects of insecticide sprays, the abundance of C. carnea was higher in Bt cotton fields than in non-Bt cotton fields, but significantly so during only one of two sampling periods. The abundance of O. tristicolor did not differ between field types, even without adjusting for effects of insecticide sprays. The results indicate that Bt crops can affect insecticide use, which in turn can affect the relative abundance of non-target arthropods in Bt and non-Bt fields. Thus, environmental impact assessment should incorporate analysis of the effects of transgenic crops on management practices, as well as evaluation of the direct effects of such crops.
Mina rees and the funding of the mathematical sciences

scientific research. Lynn Osen states that: "Support of research enterprises in the midst of the hot and cold wars of the mid-twentieth century represented a major and meaningful demonstration of Rees' ability to balance the theoretical and practical aspects of science" [18, p. 154]. This paper will give a brief account of Rees's life, with particular attention being paid to the history of the U.S. government's role in funding research in the mathematical sciences and Rees's role therein, from the start of official involvement of mathematicians in the war effort in 1946 to Rees's retirement from ONR in 1953.
Metal ion induced conformational changes in concanavalin A: evidence for saccharide binding to one metal free structure.

Abstract The addition of Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+ or Pb2+ to apo-concanavalin A results in a slow conformational conversion of the protein to the active saccharide binding form. The rates of conversion are dependent upon the sample pH and identity of the ions which occupy the native transition metal and calcium ion sites yet the affinity of each metalloform for the fluorescent sugar, 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-mannopyranoside, is independent of these same parameters (above pH 5.6). EDTA quickly removes all metal ions from the active Mn2+ or Co2+-concanavalin A samples leaving a metastable metal free structure which retains its high saccharide affinity for several hours at room temperature. This form of apo-concanavalin A and the metallized derivatives have equally high saccharide binding affinities in 1M NaCL but the former dramatically loses its sugar affinity as the ionic strength is lowered.
Sequence-specific targeting of RNA with an oligonucleotide-neomycin conjugate

The synthesis of neomycin covalently attached at the C5-position of 2′-deoxyuridine is reported. The synthesis outlined allows for incorporation of an aminoglycoside (neomycin) at any given site in an oligonucleotide (ODN) where a thymidine (or uridine) is present. Incorporation of this modified base into an oligonucleotide, which is complementary to a seven-bases-long R-sarcin loop RNA sequence, leads to enhanced duplex hybridization. The increase in Tm for this duplex (¢Tm ) 6 °C) suggests a favorable interaction of neomycin within the duplex groove. CD spectroscopy shows that the modified duplex adopts an A-type confirmation. ITC measurements indicate the additive effects of ODN and neomycin binding to the RNA target (Ka ) 4.5 10 7 M -1 ). The enhanced stability of the hybrid duplex from this neomycin-ODN conjugate originates primarily from the enthalpic contribution of neomycin {¢¢Hobs )- 7.21 kcal/mol (¢Hneomycin conjugated - ¢H nonconjugated)} binding to the hybrid duplex. The short linker length allows for selective stabilization of the hybrid duplex over the hybrid triplex. The results described here open up new avenues in the design and synthesis of nucleo-aminoglycoside-conjugates (N-Ag-C) where the inclusion of any number of aminoglycoside (neomycin) molecules per oligonucleotide can be accomplished.
A Japanese prophet: eschatology and epistemology in the thought of Kita Ikki

Abstract The life and intellectual career of the Japanese ideologue, author and revolutionary Kita Terujirō (Ikki) was, and is still, debated by scholars of modern Japanese history. While some define him a socialist and others as a fascist, many historians tend to agree that he shifted from socialism to fascism in the middle of his career, around 1916, when he was writing his second book, Unofficial history of the Chinese revolution. This article argues that, while Kita's thought certainly contained fascist and socialist elements, its connecting thread was in fact utopian and eschatological, and that Kita should be seen as a spiritual visionary rather than as a conventional socialist or fascist. Furthermore, Kita had indeed undergone a significant change while writing Unofficial history of the Chinese revolution, but this change was not ideological, but rather epistemological. In other words, a transition in Kita's understanding of how valid knowledge should be obtained shifted his ideology from a relativ...
Luciano Bianciardi e il lavoro culturale

Abstract The essay looks at Luciano Bianciardi's most autobiographical novels, written between 1957 and 1962, as symptoms of the transformation of cultural work in the years of Italy's economic miracle. By focusing on Bianciardi's own tropes of travel and translation, the essay asks questions about the nature of cultural labour: What does culture produce, and for what or whom?
Effects of Neighborhood Grant-Allocations on Trade-Offs among Urban Outcomes. Part 1: Conceptual Approach and Example

In this paper a framework is developed for analyzing trade-off possibilities among urban outcomes resulting from public-funded community development activities. The purpose is to identify complementarities and substitutions which exist among public service outputs (outcomes), thereby allowing a study of the implicit trade-offs among outputs which result from decisions on the allocation of community development resources. This is the first of two papers on the subject. It is intended to provide here a conceptual overview of the approach and a numerical illustration.
A note on the protective effect of tariffs and quotas under uncertainty

Abstract Sufficient conditions are given for any tariff or quota to be protective under uncertainty, where assets are not traded internationally, and commodities are traded. It is shown that if both goods are normal goods, then any small tariff or quota is protective, even if it varies with the random state of nature. A sufficient condition is also given for large trade restrictions to be protective under uncertainty. These results thus generalize those of Helpman and Razin, who showed that when both goods are normal goods, a small ad valorem tariff which is independent of the state of nature is protective.
Multinomial response models

Abstract Consider a multinomial response model with (k+1) outcomes and p explanatory variables. The general logistic model for the multinomial probabilities results in a matrix of sufficient statistics having kp elements. The means and variances of the sufficient statistics are derived (under the null hypothesis) and can be written as a Kronecker product. Since the sufficient statistics have asymptotic normal distributions, large sample tests can be derived which uses a chi-square statistic. The conditional test for testing if a single explanatory variable affects the response is derived.
Screening for Medical Problems in Patients with Upper Extremity Signs and Symptoms

Narrative review: Hand therapists must be able to identify signs and symptoms of systemic disease that can mimic in- tegumentary, neuromuscular, or musculoskeletal dysfunction evaluated and treated within their scope of practice. Pneumonia, complications of pacemakers, liver disease, kidney stones, ectopic pregnancy, and myocardial ischemia are only a few examples of problems and systemic diseases that can cause shoulder or upper extremity signs or symptoms. A screening model is presented for use by therapists in all practice settings. Information gathered is combined with results from the objective evaluation in making a treatment-versus-referraldecision.Knowingtheriskfactorsforvar- ious illnesses,diseases,andconditions will help guidethe therapist in knowing when to screen for specific problems. Recognizing red flag histories, signs, and symptoms will also alert the therapist to the need for additional questions. Clues to screening and tips for physician referral are offered. Level of Evidence :5 . J HAND THER. 2010;23:105-26.
Metabolism studies of the antischistosomal drug praziquantel using tandem mass spectrometry: Qualitative identification of 17 hydroxylated metabolites from mouse urine

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic liver infection which is known to affect many aspects of drug metabolism. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for treating this disease. PZQ is known to be highly metabolized, but the effect of the disease on its metabolism has not been investigated. Control mice and mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were dosed with PZQ and their urines were examined for the presence of metabolites using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (tandem mass spectrometer). The collisionally induced dissociation of PZQ was remarkable in its structurally significant fragments. From this we were able to identify 17 hydroxylated metabolites of PZQ from purified urine samples without further chemical separation, including three monohydroxylated, six dihydroxylated, and eight trihydroxylated metabolites. There were no qualitative differences in metabolite production between control and infected animals.
Identification of Nonlinear Interactions in Structures

Recent experiences in phenomenological identification of nonlinear interactions in structures are presented. Free oscillations of quadratically and cubically coupled pairs of oscillators are analytically studied to illustrate nonlinear interactions between structural modes involved in two-to-one and one-to-one frequency relationships. In light of this analytical study, results obtained from application of the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) toward identification of a beam-mass structure with a two-to-one frequency relationship and quadratic coupling are presented and discussed. The internal resonance in the structure causes the identified damping coefficients to be oscillatory and to assume negative values. The present effort should be of relevance to the identification of structural systems in which factors, such as symmetry, modal density, frequency relationships, and flexibility contribute to the likelihood that nonlinear interactions may occur.
Rayleigh scattering by an infinitely long tube with a helical permittivity dyadic

Rayleigh scattering by an infinitely long, circular tube with a helical permittivity dyadic is analysed using an integral equation formalism. When the tube is irradiated by either a TE or a TM polarized plane wave, the scattered field is copolarized. For other types of incident plane waves, the vibration ellipse of the far-zone scattered field can differ from that of the incident plane wave.
Formation of voids and veins during faulting

Abstract We have developed a quantitative model of void and vein development in fault zones based on observations of fault roughness and the contact characteristics of rough, directionally anisotropic fractal surfaces. This model includes progressive dilation of the fault during slip events and the elastic deformation of the surfaces normal to the fault plane (closure) as new void space develops. The model predicts vein geometries that are qualitatively similar to those observed in fault-controlled mineral deposits. The statistics of the vein system are described and strategies for sampling of such structures by drilling are developed. The results have significant implications for evaluation of ore reserves and evaluating the fluid transport properties of faults.
Evidence of redshifts in the average solar line profiles of C iv and Si iv from OSO-8 observations

Line profiles of C IV and Si V obtained by the Colorado spectrometer on OSO-8 are presented. It is shown that the mean profiles are redshifted with a magnitude varying from 6-20 km/s, and with a mean of 12 km/s. An apparent average downflow of material in the 50,000-100,000 K temperature range is measured. The redshifts are observed in the line center positions of spatially and temporally averaged profiles and are measured either relative to chromospheric Si I lines or from a comparison of sun center and limb profiles. The observations of 6-20 km/s redshifts place constraints on the mechanisms that dominate EUV line emission since it requires a strong weighting of the emission in regions of downward moving material, and since there is little evidence for corresponding upward moving materials in these lines.
Safety of cardiac surgery for patients with cirrhosis and Child-Pugh scores less than 8.

Background & Aims Advanced liver disease is a significant risk factor for perioperative complications after cardiac surgery. However, no published studies have adjusted the observed outcomes for other well-known, non–liver–related factors that affect mortality. We evaluated the effects of cirrhosis on operative mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery, after adjusting for nonrelated risk factors associated with liver disease. Methods We analyzed data from patients with cirrhosis who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass from 1992 to 2009 (n = 54). Patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the same institution were identified during the same time period and matched 1:4 by using propensity score matching (controls, n=216). Child–Pugh (CP) class and score were calculated for the patients with cirrhosis. Mortality and morbidity were determined after 30 and 90 days. Results Within 90 days, 4.6% of patients with CP score P P P P Conclusions After adjusting for non–liver-related risk factors, patients with compensated cirrhosis (defined by CP score
The value of a native milieu: mutated non-muscle myosin IIA does lead to thrombocytopenia.

See also Eckly A, Rinckel J-Y, Laeuffer P, Cazenave J-P, Lanza F, Gachet C, Leon C. Proplatelet formation deficit and megakaryocyte death contribute to thrombocytopenia in Myh9 knockout mice. This issue, pp 2243–51.
Resource block Filtered-OFDM for future spectrally agile and power efficient systems

Abstract Spectrum sharing is a common paradigm in future communication systems and a spectrally agile baseband waveform with minimal out-of-band emissions is a critical component. In this paper, we propose a new multicarrier modulation technique, called resource block Filtered-OFDM (RB-F-OFDM) and present the transceiver design. This waveform can be used over channels with non-contiguous spectrum fragments and exhibits very low adjacent channel interference, which is required for cognitive radio systems with multi channel carrier aggregation capabilities. As such, regulatory based very stringent adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) requirements can be met. We show that the transceiver complexity may be reduced by utilizing an efficient polyphase implementation that is commonly used in the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation. In addition, some efficient peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques can be naturally applied. The new design is backwards compatible with legacy OFDM based systems. Simulation results to evaluate the performance, including measured bit error rate (BER) in multipath channels, are provided.
A latter-day look at the foreknowledge problem

Le theme de la prescience de Dieu revient en force dans la litterature actuel. L'A. reprend les arguments de quatre ouvrages sur ce theme en ajoutant sa propre conception, sur laquelle il a travaille au debut des annees 1960
Understanding viral partitioning in two-phase aqueous nonionic micellar systems: 1. Role of attractive interactions between viruses and micelles.

The partitioning behavior of viruses in the two-phase aqueous nonionic n-decyl tetra(ethylene oxide) (C10E4) micellar system cannot be fully explained by considering solely the repulsive, steric, excluded-volume interactions that operate between the viruses and the nonionic C10E4 micelles. Specifically, an excluded-volume theory developed recently by our group is not able to quantitatively predict the observed viral partition coefficients, even though this theory is capable of providing reasonable quantitative predictions of protein partition coefficients. To shed light on the discrepancy between the theoretically predicted and the experimentally measured viral partition coefficients, a central assumption underlying the excluded-volume theory that the viruses and the C10E4 micelles interact solely through repulsive, excluded-volume interactions was challenged in this study. In particular, utilizing bacteriophage P22 as a model virus, a competitive inhibition test and a partitioning study of the capsids of bacteriophage P22 were conducted. Based on the results of these two experimental studies, it was concluded that any attractive interactions between the tailspikes of bacteriophage P22 and the C10E4 micelles are negligible. Another experimental study was carried out wherein the partition coefficients of the model viruses, bacteriophages P22 and T4, were measured at various temperatures, and compared with those previously obtained for bacteriophage phiX174. This comparison also indicated that possible attractive, electromagnetic-induced interactions between the bacteriophage particles and the C10E4 micelles cannot be invoked to rationalize the observed discrepancy between the theoretically predicted and the experimentally measured viral partition coefficients.
Dissolved Organic Carbon from Deep Waters resists Microbial Oxidation

OCEANS contain a large absolute amount of organic material in solution. The origin, fate and involvement in biogeochemical processes of this large, but extremely dilute, pool of organic compounds is an enigma to those studying the life and chemistry of the oceans. Recent studies by several workers1–7 have shown that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of deep water is relatively constant over a wide range of depths and throughout many regions of the world's oceans. The DOC content averages about 0.60 mg/l. and does not decrease significantly with depth from 400 m to 6,000 m (refs. 2 and 4), nor does the DOC increase in deep waters below highly productive regions such as along the coast of Peru2,4. The range of reported values is from 0.40 to 0.70 mg/l.
Runwheel activity patterns of mature-young and senescent mice: the effect of constant lighting conditions.

A group of 18 5-mo.-old young and a group of 16 27-mo.-old senescent mice of the C57BL/6J strain were adapted for wheel-running under standard LD 12 : 12 cyclic illumination, after which each group was divided into three subgroups. One old and one young subgroup remained in standard lighting conditions as controls, while the two experimental subgroups received constant light followed by constant dark or constant dark followed by constant light. Rhythmic runwheel activity patterns were compared using periodicity, activity-rest ratios, and amplitude as parameters (defined in text). As expected, senescent mice were less active than young mice, although they did not always spend less time in activity than did the young. Generally, young mice were more reactive to the initial experimental conditions than were the senescent mice, whereas the reverse was observed in the final experimental conditions.