cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ideology and the Organization of Conflict: On the Relationship Between Political Thought and Behavior

IDEOLOGY iS one of the most frequently cited and inadequately understood subjects of empirical political inquiry. It easily lends itself to diverse and conflicting usages and, with a few notable exceptions, research on it has been inconclusive and non-cumulative. If the theorist of ideology consequently faces many pitfalls, he also thereby gains considerable freedom of interpretation. I will take advantage of this freedom in order to criticize the utility of most usages of ideology and to suggest an alternative approach. I assume that the most important problems facing the student of ideology are empirical; that is, they do not involve the analysis of the merits and shortcomings of particular ideologies or the historical origins of contemporary ideological disagreements, though these important topics also merit attention. Rather, the most pressing problems concern how ideologies affect the structure of political conflict on the macro level and individual action on the micro level. They involve the relationship between political thought and behavior, and this relationship is primarily a problem of linkage. I maintain that this linkage takes place largely in the organizations in which elites and masses come together for political action, and that political organization is consequently the most promising focus for research on ideology. There is mounting evidence that mass publics do not react in ideological terms. It seems equally true that much contemporary political conflict has an ideological dimension. This paper seeks to contribute towards the resolution of this seeming contradiction: It is presented not as a solution but as a beginning. In it, I (1) suggest a restricted usage of the term ideology; (2) review and criticize methods of operationalizing and measuring ideology and its disper-
Modeling habitat use of deer in an exurban landscape

Several wildlife biologists have developed models of habitat suitability for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Although these analyses have provided insight into factors affecting deer density and distribution over large scales, no studies have modeled habitat use of deer in exurban landscapes. We modeled habitat similarity to areas used most intensively by deer in exurban Carbondale, Illinois, USA, during the fawning (15 May–31 Jul) and winter season (15 Dec–15 Mar). We used >15,000 locations from 20 Global Positioning System–collared female deer tracked during 2003–2005, habitat variables, and the Penrose distance statistic for modeling. A positive correlation with number of dwellings (r = 0.45) and coefficient of variation of forest area (r = 0.16) indicated deer avoidance of areas with increased number of dwellings and variation in forest area during the fawning season. Deer decreased winter use of areas as the diversity of land-cover types (r = 0.64), variation in forest patch size (r = 0.40), and variation of grassland patch size (r = 0.18) increased. Winter habitat use of an area increased as size of forest patch area increased (r = −0.30). This model can be used by wildlife managers to better understand potential deer–human encounters and deer use of the landscape. Alternatively, wildlife managers may use the model to target areas for traditional harvest management or deer removal operations. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Short-Term Response of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) to Oil Spill Rehabilitation and Translocation

Abstract Translocation of wildlife is a valuable tool for managers to alleviate impacts of human/wildlife conflicts, habitat fragmentation, and small population sizes. Pelecanus occidentalis (Brown Pelican) were previously successfully translocated into Louisiana in 1960–1980s and had rebounded significantly prior to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in April 2010. The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill had a dramatic impact on southeastern Louisiana, including the people, wildlife, and coastal habitats of the region. We translocated 182 oil-rehabilitated Brown Pelicans from southeastern Louisiana to an area non-impacted by the oil spill in southwestern Louisiana (Rabbit Island, Cameron Parish). Daily surveys were conducted at the island for six weeks and documented mortality, movements, integration with local pelican flocks, persistence of pelicans at the island, and the role of supplemental feeding. We documented no mortality of rehabilitated birds and found that translocated Brown Pelicans readily integrated wi...
Testing and Monitoring Model-based Generated Program

We propose an integrated framework to test and monitor code generated from hybrid models for embedded systems. The framework consists of the following elements: First, we create a testing automaton as a controlled environment to produce test traces achieving the desired testing criteria; Second, we synthesize a monitoring automaton from the behavior specification to check the run-time behavior of the tested system in response to the test traces; Finally, since both automata are encoded in the same language as the system model, the same code generator may be used to generate a tester and a monitor from the testing automaton and the monitoring automaton. The tester and the monitor may be linked as needed with the code generated from the system model. Our approach yields self-testing and self-monitoring code which may be run both on the simulation level and on the code level. We discuss our approach in its full details through an example on a SONY AIBO robotic dog.
Recent developments of retinoids as therapeutic agents

Retinoids, a group of natural and synthetic retinol (vitamin A) analogues, play an important role in regulating pleiotropic biological events, including growth, differentiation and death of normal, premalignant and malignant cell types, which appears to account for their therapeutic or preventive effects in acne, psoriasis, photoageing, cancer and other diseases. Nuclear retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors are thought to mediate the majority of retinoid biological effects. One effective strategy is to design and synthesise retinoids with receptor selectivity restricted to specific retinoic acid receptors or retinoid X receptor subtypes (α, β and γ) in order to develop novel retinoids with a more favourable therapeutic index and with reduced adverse effects and teratogenic risk. Indeed, retinoid medicinal chemistry has identified ligands that include highly specific antagonists for one of the three RAR subtypes and for retinoid X receptors. Since the retinoid X receptors also serve as heterodi...
Aldosterone and Volume Management in Hypertensive Heart Disease

Aldosterone-receptor antagonists dose-dependently reduce both the epithelial and nonepithelial actions of aldosterone. These compounds are used commonly in the treatment of hypertension, with or without aldosteronism, and in the volume-overload periods of various forms of heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal failure. In this regard, the relevant site of action for these compounds is compartmentalized to the distal nephron. The cardiac benefits of aldosterone-receptor blockade now are sufficiently well established to warrant routine use of these compounds for their survival benefits in moderate to advanced stages of heart failure. Aldosterone-receptor antagonists spironolactone and eplerenone commonly are used in the treatment of resistant forms of hypertension. Spironolactone, but not eplerenone, is a commonly used add-on diuretic that provides incremental benefit for salt-and-water excretion in excess of what may be seen with a loop diuretic given together with a thiazide-type diuretic. The dose-response relationship for natriuresis with spironolactone has not been explored completely as to its combination therapy responses. The quite high doses of spironolactone used in patients with cirrhosis and ascites would infer that the overall treatment effect with this compound exceeds simple receptor blockade and may include a nervous system effect that operationally reduces renal sympathetic nerve traffic. The adverse electrolyte and renal function side effects with aldosterone-receptor antagonists are not uncommon in at-risk patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease, and require that dosing be mindful of the tendency of these drugs to importantly increase serum potassium levels.
Magnetic induction and plasma impedance in a planar inductive discharge

For a planar inductive discharge the magnetic induction components and , the electric field component and the plasma current are calculated from first principles assuming axisymmetric geometry. The mutual inductance M between the primary and secondary circuit, the self-inductance of the plasma and the impedance of the plasma are determined theoretically and related to the properties of the plasma. A global (volume-averaged) discharge model is applied to relate the electron and ion densities and the electron temperature in an argon plasma to the neutral gas pressure and power in the pressure range 2-60 mTorr. The planar inductive discharge is modelled as a transformer with the inductive coil taken as the primary circuit and the plasma as the secondary circuit to find the impedance characteristics in the primary circuit due to the plasma load and the capacitive coupling between the coil and the plasma. The model calculations are compared to measured impedance, rf current and rf voltage, showing fair agreement.
Spousal involvement in CPAP: does pressure help?

Study Objectives:Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves sleep and quality of life for both patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their spouses. However, few studies have inve...
A phonetic study of focus in intransitive verb sentences

In English, focus is one of the factors determining the prosodic characteristics of an utterance. Some recent linguistic analyses (Selkirk, 1995) claim that focus is represented in the phonology by pitch accents, and the placement of these accents is determined by both the type of focus (broad, narrow), syntactic structure, and other factors such as verb-argument structure. An experiment was conducted to test the interaction of focus types and different argument structures within sentences with intransitive verbs. A prosodic analysis was conducted, durations and fundamental frequency of the subject nouns and verbs of these sentences were measured. The prosodic and acoustic analyses support Selkirk: specifically, the verb may be deaccented under broad focus when the subject is a theme (in unaccusatives and passives) but not when an agent (unergatives). Also, there is a tendency for the nuclear accented word to have a greater duration and F/sub 0/ under narrow focus, which seems to be related to a more frequent occurrence of the L+H* pitch accent for this condition.
Physical Activity for Children and Youth

(1996). Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 38-43.
Oracle inequalities for support vector machines that are based on random entropy numbers

In this paper, we present a new technique for bounding local Rademacher averages of function classes induced by a loss function and a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). At the heart of this technique lies the observation that certain expectations of random entropy numbers can be bounded by the eigenvalues of the integral operator associated with the RKHS. We then work out the details of the new technique by establishing two new oracle inequalities for support vector machines, which complement and generalize previous results.
Mosaicism for deletion 1p36.33 in a patient with obesity and hyperphagia

We report on a 4-year-old girl with obesity and hyperphagia whose peripheral blood cytogenetic analysis showed mosaicism for a deletion of band 1p36.33. Terminal 1p deletions are rarely reported and this patient represents the first identified case of mosaicism. Given the subtlety of the cytogenetic abnormality and the possibility of mosaicism, the incidence of such deletions has probably been underestimated. While a characteristic phenotype associated with this karyotypic abnormality was described recently, the present report highlights the additional clinical findings of obesity and hyperphagia and the overlap of manifestations with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Forgiveness: a developmental view

Abstract The concept of interpersonal forgiveness is described first through an examination of ancient writings and contemporary philosophical and psychological discourse. Two psychological models are then described. The first concerns developmental patterns in how people think about forgiving another. The second describes how people may go about forgiving another. Implications for counseling and education are drawn.
An examination of within-person variance in contextual display rules and deviation from display rules

Contextual display rules refer to perceptions of the particular emotions that should be displayed in a specific set of circumstances. As such, it is important to examine within-person variance in such perceptions within the dynamic context of real-life organizations. To this end, experience sampling methodology was used to highlight within-person variance in display rules and examine event-level predictors of these contextual display rules. Thirty-nine university staff members were surveyed four times per day about their most recent interaction. Employee momentary affect (pleasantness and activation) and relationship with the interaction target (solidarity and relative power) were examined as predictors of both contextual display rule perceptions and deviation from those display rules. Pleasantness of affect related positively to the level of expression allowed by the display rule, whereas activation of affect and target solidarity related positively to deviation from display rules. Complex interactions w...
Britain's Answer for Future Retirement Income: Possible Lessons for the United States

Both the United Kingdom and the United States face similar budget pressures over their national retirement programs, shortfalls in individual savings, and a rapid decline of traditional private defined benefit pension plans. In both the U.K. and the U.S., major stumbling blocks to reform have been whether the government can afford the changes and how employers might be hurt by a national mandate to contribute to their workers' retirement accounts. Although Congress is not about to overhaul U.S. retirement policy, Britain has very significant changes on the table, with the prospect of action later this year: The government is moving to raise the eligibility age for state pensions, create a new mandatory system of private savings accounts, and require both employer and worker contributions to the accounts. John Hutton, British secretary of state for work and pensions, outlined the British proposal for pension reform at a June 14, 2006, meeting in Washington, DC, organized by the Retirement Security Project. This paper summarizes his presentation and initial reaction by U.S. experts. The PDF for the above title, published in the August 2006 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the full text of another August 2006 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: "An American Perspective on the Chinese Pension System."
Factors Associated With Early Functional Outcome After Hip Fracture Surgery

Background:Hip fractures are common in the elderly and are likely to become more prevalent as the US population ages. Early functional status is an indicator of longer term outcome, yet in-hospital...
The Suppression of Isolated Populations of Sphingids by Blacklight Traps

When blacklight traps were operated at a density of 3/mile2 for 43 months on St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands, the collections of sphingid moths were found to be associated with the seasonal pattern of rainfall. The 12-month collection of Hyles lineata (F.) was 17.5% of the 1st 12 months collection after 43 months. The collcction of Callionima ramsdeni (Clark) had dropped 50% after 33 months of trapping but increased to 64% of the 1st 12 months after 43 months. The collection of Agrius cingulatus (F.) was 32% that of the 1st year after 36 months but increased to 81% after 43 months. The collection of Manduca rustica harterti (Rothschild) was 14% that of the base year after 39 months but increased to 21% after 43 months. The collection of Eumorpha vitis (L.) was 15% that of the base year after 39 months but increased to 19% after 43 months. The collection of Xylophanes pluto (F.) was 36% that of the initial year after 36 months but increased to 70% after 43 months. The collection of Xylophanes tersa (L.) was 59% that of the base year after 37 months but increased to 80% after 43 months. The increased collections the last year of trapping were attributed to the absence of a dry season that year. If the collection trends prior to that unusual rainfall pattern had continued, several species would have been eradicated by an additional year of trapping pressure.
Determinations for Pesticides on Black, Green, Oolong, and White Teas by Gas Chromatography Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Black, green, white, and Oolong teas, all derived from leaves of Camellia sinensis, are widely consumed throughout the world and represent a significant part of the beverages consumed by Americans. A gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-based method, previously validated for pesticides on dried botanical dietary supplements, including green tea, was used to measure pesticides fortified into black and green teas at 10, 25, 100, and 500 μg/kg. Teas from 18 vendors of tea products were then surveyed for pesticides. Of 62 black, green, white, and Oolong tea products, 31 (50%) had residues of pesticides for which no United States Environmental Protection Agency tolerances are established for tea. The following pesticides were identified on tea leaves, with concentrations between 1 and 3200 μg/kg: anthraquinone, azoxystrobin, bifenthrin, buprofesin, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, DDE-p,p', DDT-o,p, DDT-p,p', deltamethrin, endosulfan, fenvalerate, heptachlor, hexachlorocyclohexanes (α,β,γ,δ), phenylphenol, pyridaben, tebuconazole, tebufenpyrad, and triazophos. DDT-p,p' was found at much higher concentrations than DDE-p,p' or DDT-o,p' in 9 of 10 teas with DDTs. A comparison between three commercially available solid-phase extraction (SPE) column brands of the same type revealed that two brands of SPE columns could be interchanged without modification of the tea method.
Rhox13 is required for a quantitatively normal first wave of spermatogenesis in mice

Abstract We previously described a novel germ cell-specific X-linked reproductive homeobox gene (Rhox13) that is upregulated at the level of translation in response to retinoic acid (RA) in differentiating spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes. We hypothesize that RHOX13 plays an essential role in male germ cell differentiation, and have tested this by creating a Rhox13 gene knockout (KO) mouse. Rhox13 KO mice are born in expected Mendelian ratios, and adults have slightly reduced testis weights, yet a full complement of spermatogenic cell types. Young KO mice (at ~7-8 weeks of age) have a ≈50% reduction in epididymal sperm counts, but numbers increased to WT levels as the mice reach ~17 weeks of age. Histological analysis of testes from juvenile KO mice reveals a number of defects during the first wave of spermatogenesis. These include increased apoptosis, delayed appearance of round spermatids and disruption of the precise stage-specific association of germ cells within the seminiferous tubules. Breeding studies reveal that both young and aged KO males produce normal-sized litters. Taken together, our results indicate that RHOX13 is not essential for mouse fertility in a controlled laboratory setting, but that it is required for optimal development of differentiating germ cells and progression of the first wave of spermatogenesis.
Actinide cross sections from the reaction of 13C with 254Esg.

We have measured cross sections for the formation of actinide transfer products in the reaction of 72-MeV $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ projectiles with $^{254}\mathrm{Es}^{\mathrm{g}}$ targets. The pattern of nuclide yields is similar to those observed in the reactions of heavier ions with $^{254}\mathrm{Es}^{\mathrm{g}}$. We have constructed the primary element yields from these results and show that the total cross section for transfer reactions is 58 mb. The total reaction cross section is about 300 mb. Lawrencium isotopes are formed with larger cross sections than are consistent with the trends of the transfer-product distributions; we explain this in terms of massive transfer, and model the lawrencium yields with an evaporation code.
Hamatopoietic stem cells differentiation and its application in medicine

The understanding of the basic biological and chemical concepts behind the differentiation of hematopoieticstem cell is of prime importance in its application in the field of medicine. The hematopoietic stem cells have the ability to renew themselves, migrate, or commit a programmed cell death (apoptosis). The bone containing marrow is the main source of hematopoietic stem cells. During the stem cell differentiation, various cells result in the process. The clinical applications of the hematopoietic stem cells and the factors that are involved in those activities are provided in this paper. The process describing the development of mature blood cells through the sequential restriction of the cell fate potential of oligopotent progenitor cells derived from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells is described vividly. The prospects of the applications of hematopoietic stem cell, particularly, the clinical uses are discussed. An engineering Strategy for the production and for providing a therapy to a patient who otherwise would have paid regular visits to the clinic for the hematopoietic stem cell therapy is also presented. It is greatly disheartening to find out that terminal illnesses are claiming the lives of many. Although it is uncommon to find a paper that contains detail information about both hematopoietic stemcell differentiation and how it is applied in curing terminal illness, this paper presents both.
A Kinetic Formulation of Reacting Molecular Dynamics

Macroscale, mesoscale, and ab initio models of reacting shock physics are based, in their most general forms, on rate law descriptions of the chemical processes of interest. Reacting molecular dynamics simulations, by contrast, typically employ potential functions to model chemical reactions. An alternative reacting molecular dynamics formulation, employing nonholonomic Hamiltonian methods, models bonding-debonding as a kinetic process. Simulation results using this method are compared with experiment, for energy release and detonation products in HMX. The molecular dynamics simulations may be used to develop a macroscale, adiabatic model of the detonation chemistry.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The intersection of culture and behavior in social studies classrooms

Social studies is a school subject that aims to enmesh local and global concerns and ways of understanding the world. This objective for teaching and learning presumes that students interact with social studies material from fixed and definable cultures, identities, and family structures, as well as in accordance with normalized behavioral expectations for students in school. Teachers in this content area are expected to interact with students from diverse backgrounds while helping students to acquire the tools necessary for societal participation in such multicultural settings. Within this article, we discuss the findings of an investigation into the experiences of families of children with RAD who are transnational adoptees. We argue for the great need for social studies teachers to meet the needs of all students in terms of academics, behaviors, and cultures. We further consider how the use of intercultural competence might support the practices and perspectives of social studies teachers. We explore the intersection of culture and behavior in deliberating over intercultural competence, transnational adoptees, and social studies classrooms.
N-Acetylcysteine's Role in Sepsis and Potential Benefit in Patients With Microcirculatory Derangements.

Objective:To review the data surrounding the utility of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in sepsis and identify areas needed for additional research.Data Sources:A review of articles describing the mechanism...
Shaped pupil coronagraph design improvements for the WFIRST coronagraph instrument

NASA’s WFIRST Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) is planned to image and characterize exoplanets at high contrast. The CGI operating modes are the hybrid Lyot coronagraph for planet detection and inner debris disk imaging, a shaped pupil coronagraph for planet characterization, and another shaped pupil for outer disk imaging. Early CGI designs focused on overcoming the diffraction of the large pupil obscurations. Now that those designs have been proven to work in the lab, the design emphasis has been on achieving higher throughput and lower sensitivities to jitter and polarization aberrations. Here we present those improvements and the integration of science yield modeling into the spectrographic shaped pupil design process.
The Dialectics of “Oriental” Images in American Trade Cards

A late nineteenth-century trade card, or a color-printed circulating advertisement, touts Shepherd and Doyle9s new “Celluloid” waterproof collars, cuffs and shirt bosoms (Fig. 1).1 These “economical, durable, and handsome” clothing items require less starching and washing, and so remove the need for Chinese laundries. The text on the reverse side includes directions on how “to remove yellow stains,” and the image enacts a kind of literal version of this removal. The slovenly laundryshop (the clothes overflowing the basket, the linens hung up askew, the steaming basins), the mix-and-match, gender-ambiguous garments of the workers, and their thin, slouching bodies all participate in the racist stereotype of Asians as dirty, effeminate and alien others. The caption proclaims the product to be “The Last Invention”; the “last” indicates finality, both in terms of modernity as the final stage of history and of a solution to the problem of unwanted immigrants. A group of Chinese male laundry-workers are so taken aback by this product that their pigtails stand in erect consternation. Their reaction stems both from the realization that they must return to China because their services have become unnecessary as well as from pure awe at the invention itself; in both cases, the scenario and its appeal apparently rely on these acts of recognition by the Chinese characters. Furthermore, the advertisement9s status as such - merely advertisement - hides the illogicality of the celluloid salesman9s presence in the laundry at all. The salesman, wearing a garish plaid suit and a bowler hat, appears to be one of those traveling salesmen who might peddle patent medicines, yet he bears the product eliciting such awe and consternation. Rather than selling the product to the Chinese workers, he appears simply to be taking gratuitous pleasure in introducing the workers to the agent of their impending misfortunes.
Energy Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface

Evaporation and sensible heat flux into the atmosphere require the availability of some form of energy at the earth-atmosphere interface. This question can be treated quantitatively by considering the equation for the energy budget for a layer of surface material. Depending on the nature of the surface, this layer may consist of water, or of some other substrate like soil, canopy or snow; although this layer can be taken to be infinitesimally thin, it may sometimes even comprise a lake or a vegetational canopy over its entire depth.
Second law of quantum complexity

We give arguments for the existence of a thermodynamics of quantum complexity that includes a ``second law of complexity.'' To guide us, we derive a correspondence between the computational (circuit) complexity of a quantum system of $K$ qubits, and the positional entropy of a related classical system with ${2}^{K}$ degrees of freedom. We also argue that the kinetic entropy of the classical system is equivalent to the Kolmogorov complexity of the quantum Hamiltonian. We observe that the expected pattern of growth of the complexity of the quantum system parallels the growth of entropy of the classical system. We argue that the property of having less-than-maximal complexity (uncomplexity) is a resource that can be expended to perform directed quantum computation. Although this paper is not primarily about black holes, we find a surprising interpretation of the uncomplexity resource as the accessible volume of spacetime behind a black hole horizon.
The Effect of High Pressure on Superconducting Ternary Molybdenum Chalcogenides

The variation of the superconducting transition temperature as a function of hydrostatic pressure up to 22 kbar is determined for over fifty Chevrel phase molybdenum chalcogenides. These materials are found to be more sensitive to pressure than any other class of superconductors.
Simplifying Mitral Valve Repair: Leaflet Imbrication

The operative repair of degenerative mitral valve disease has evolved significantly since the development of the highly reproducible and durable Carpentier quadrangular resection via median sternotomy. Minimally invasive and robotic techniques have become widely adopted. Leaflet preserving and remodeling repair techniques are also gaining popularity. Efficient and effective mitral repair techniques that facilitate minimally invasive surgical approaches are highly valued. One rapid technique, that of inverting a portion of prolapsed leaflet tissue into the left ventricle yields a highly mobile and functional residual leaflet that participates fully in coaptation and leaves a large total mitral orifice area. This technique is herein described in detail along with accompanying tips and pitfalls specifically applicable to robotic repair.
Evolution of Genes for the β-Ketoadipate Pathway in Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus

The β-ketoadipate pathway (Fig. 1) is widely distributed in the microbial world (Stanier et al., 1966; Ornston and Ornston, 1972; Stanier and Ornston, 1973; Cain, 1980; Parke and Ornston, 1984) and was one of the first subjects of physiological investigation of enzyme induction in bacteria (Stanier, 1951). Enzymes associated with the pathway proved to be inducible in fluorescent Pseudomonas species, and later studies revealed that mechanisms of transcriptional control were conserved in this biological group (Ornston, 1966; Kemp and Hegeman, 1968). Representatives of Acinetobacter (formerly Moraxella) share induction patterns unlike those found in Pseudomonas (Ornston, 1966; Canovas and Stanier, 1967; Canovas et al., 1967; Stanier and Ornston, 1973). Investigation of the genetic basis for the different forms of transcriptional regulation exercised in the two genera has given insight into processes underlying their evolutionary divergence.
The history of the Association of Academic Chairmen in Plastic Surgery: 1990 to 2004.

Background: The Association of Academic Chairmen in Plastic Surgery was founded in 1985 to provide a forumfor program directors in plastic surgery to discuss issues of common interest. The formation and early years of the organization have already been discussed. From 1985 to 2004, the organization continued to mature and address issues of interest to the training of plastic surgeons. Methods: All available documents related to the development and functioning of the Association of Academic Chairmen in Plastic Surgery were reviewed. Results: Discussions within the organization spawned the development and refinement of the integrated and coordinated models for plastic surgery resident education. Defined curricula for integrated programs have been developed to complement those developed for independent programs. The meetings of the organization have provided forums for the discussion of key issues relevant to plastic surgery program directors, including the funding of graduate medical education, the desirability of departmental status, training in aesthetic surgery, the "Gen X" resident, and workforce issues. They have also provided updates on interspecialty issues that have developed with otolaryngology and dermatology. In addition, the meetings have provided information to aid program directors in dealing the changing Residency Review Committee requirements including the competencies and work hours. Conclusion: The Association of Academic Chairmen in Plastic Surgery continued to mature from 1985 and 2004 and served as a vital resource for program directors in plastic surgery.
Perception of cure among patients with metastatic genitourinary cancer initiating immunotherapy

Despite the advent of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) for advanced genitourinary (GU) cancers, existing studies suggest that durable complete responses are observed in fewer than 10% of patients. This study sought to evaluate the association between expectations of cure reported by patients with advanced GU cancers initiating immunotherapy and quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression. A single-institution, cross-sectional survey study was conducted with patients preparing to receive CPIs for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), urothelial cancer (UC) and prostate cancer (PC). Patients were assessed prior to initiation of immunotherapy for expectations of cure (divided into four quartiles), quality of life (QOL; Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-General [FACT-G]), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (PROMIS). Sixty patients were enrolled, with metastatic RCC, UC and PC comprising 63, 28 and 8% of the study population, respectively. Median age of the cohort was 65 (range, 31–91), and 68% were male; 33% received CPI in the first-line setting. Despite extensive counseling from oncologists regarding potential clinical outcomes with immunotherapy, a substantial proportion of patients (23%) harbored inaccurate expectations regarding the potential benefit of immunotherapy. Importantly, patients with accurate expectations of cure reported lower anxiety scores using the PROMIS-Anxiety inventory. No significant differences were found between expectations of cure and quality of life or depression, using the FACT-G and PROMIS-Depression inventories, respectively. The current study found that a considerable proportion of patients with advanced GU cancers harbor inaccurate expectations concerning the potential benefit of immunotherapy. These results suggest that more effective counselling may mitigate patient anxiety, and potentially promote treatment satisfaction and adherence.
FR-Net: Joint Reconstruction and Segmentation in Compressed Sensing Cardiac MRI

We provide a novel solution to the inverse problem in medical imaging that takes as input the undersampled k-space data from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans and outputs both the reconstructed images and the segmented myocardium. Previously, the undersampled k-space data is first transformed into a reconstructed MRI image. From this image, the myocardium is contours are subsequently extracted using a segmentation method. However, this sequential approach is not optimal and requires manual intervention. In order to automate and improve the results of these approaches, we propose a new method to solve the reconstruction and segmentation problems simultaneously. Our method is based on a novel deep learning approach we term “Joint-FR-Net”, which consists of a reconstruction module derived from the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) and a segmentation module. We test our approach on an undersampled short-axis (SAX) cardiac dataset and show the effectiveness of the Joint FR-Net in both image reconstruction and myocardium joint segmentation.
Getting to Patient-Centered Care

Primary care is the foundation of an effective and efficient health system. The more robust a nation’s primary care service, the better are the health markers seen in the population and the lower the comparative cost of healthcare. In the USA, primary care has been under stress for some time, under-supported financially with too small a physician workforce, and over-taxed by demands to impact the population as a whole. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and other health policy leaders have attempted to remedy the quality problems of the healthcare system by calling for a reorganization of primary care into a medical home that is patient-centered, evidence based, offering improved access, better ongoing contact, and coordination of care. The IOM’s ten rules for the redesign of healthcare include some that are focused on systems change in the delivery of care and others that are focused on relationship change of doctors and their patients. The systems change rules have been easier to implement. The improvements associated with the change of the relationship of the physician and healthcare team to the patient have not been nearly as impressive. Therefore, it is in this area that the next steps to a more equitable delivery of healthcare must take place.
What HRD Is Doing—What HRD Should be Doing: The Case for Transforming HRD:

Human resource development (HRD) is no longer expected to be the primary agency for promoting learning and development among employees. Today, HRD is diffused and integrated into a broad range of l...
Understanding Multilateral Institutions in Easy and Hard Times

In my scholarly work, I have sought to understand institutionalized multilateral cooperation in world politics, and the context of such cooperation: extensive economic interdependence, or globaliza...
Comorbid Chronic Conditions Among Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline, United States, 2015-2017.

Background and Objectives Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the self-reported experience of worsening or more frequent confusion or memory loss, may be associated with the development or worsening of chronic conditions or complicating their self-management. The objectives of this study were to (i) establish the prevalence of chronic conditions and multiple chronic conditions among adults with SCD, and (ii) compare the prevalence of chronic conditions among people with and without SCD and SCD-related functional limitations. Research Design and Methods Data were analyzed from the Cognitive Decline module of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System administered in 49 states, DC, and Puerto Rico during 2015-2017. Analyses included 220,221 respondents aged 45 years or older who answered the SCD screening question and reported their chronic conditions. Weighted estimates were calculated and chi-square tests were used for comparisons. Results Persons with a history of stroke, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder had significantly higher prevalence of SCD compared to those without. The prevalence of having at least one chronic condition was higher among adults with SCD compared to adults without SCD in each age group (45-64 years: 77.4% vs 47.1%, p < .001; ≥65 years: 86.3% vs 73.5%, p < .001). Among those with SCD, the prevalence of an SCD-related functional limitation was higher among those with at least one chronic condition compared to those with none (45-64 years: 63.3% vs 42.4%, p < .001; ≥65 years: 40.0% vs 25.1%, p < .001). Only half of adults with SCD and a chronic condition had discussed their SCD with a health care professional. Discussion and Implications SCD and chronic conditions commonly co-occur. Having a chronic condition was associated with greater SCD-related functional limitations. SCD might complicate the management of chronic conditions, and patients and providers should be aware of increased risk for cognitive decline in the presence of chronic diseases.
Audiology and oral health professional students: An interprofessional education collaboration.

OBJECTIVES Audiology knowledge is important for oral health professionals because patients may present with hearing loss or temporomandibular joint dysfunction with referred pain to the ear. Additionally, their occupational environment may negatively affect their own hearing. An interprofessional learning experience for dental (DDS), dental hygiene (DH), and audiology students was created to increase DDS and DH students' knowledge of the audiology profession, risks to their own hearing, and communication with hearing-impaired patients. This study's purpose was to evaluate this new educational experience. METHODS In 2018, audiology students presented information to DH and DDS students about audiology and offered optional supervised hearing screenings. DDS and DH students were surveyed to assess their self-rated knowledge level on audiology topics (e.g., audiology profession, hearing assessment, noise-induced hearing loss, and communicating with hearing impaired patients) before and after the educational sessions, as well as to evaluate their learning experience. Audiology students received didactic and hands-on instruction by DDS and DH students and faculty on performing a head and neck exam and making appropriate referrals. RESULTS The response rate was 48% (n = 57). Students' reported knowledge on all topics significantly improved (P < 0.05) after the educational program. The majority, 86%, agreed that this experience should be added to the curriculum, and 92% reported it increased their understanding of the importance of collaborating with other health professionals. CONCLUSIONS This experience increased students' knowledge of the audiology profession and understanding of hearing loss, while also increasing their appreciation of interprofessional education.
Reconsidering hospital EHR adoption at the dawn of HITECH: implications of the reported 9% adoption of a "basic" EHR.

Objective In 2009, a prominent national report stated that 9% of US hospitals had adopted a "basic" electronic health record (EHR) system. This statistic was widely cited and became a memetic anchor point for EHR adoption at the dawn of HITECH. However, its calculation relies on specific treatment of the data; alternative approaches may have led to a different sense of US hospitals' EHR adoption and different subsequent public policy. Materials and methods We reanalyzed the 2008 American Heart Association Information Technology supplement and complementary sources to produce a range of estimates of EHR adoption. Estimates included the mean and median number of EHR functionalities adopted, figures derived from an item response theory-based approach, and alternative estimates from the published literature. We then plotted an alternative definition of national progress toward hospital EHR adoption from 2008 to 2018. Results By 2008, 73% of hospitals had begun the transition to an EHR, and the majority of hospitals had adopted at least 6 of the 10 functionalities of a basic system. In the aggregate, national progress toward basic EHR adoption was 58% complete, and, when accounting for measurement error, we estimate that 30% of hospitals may have adopted a basic EHR. Discussion The approach used to develop the 9% figure resulted in an estimate at the extreme lower bound of what could be derived from the available data and likely did not reflect hospitals' overall progress in EHR adoption. Conclusion The memetic 9% figure shaped nationwide thinking and policy making about EHR adoption; alternative representations of the data may have led to different policy.
Polyploidy affects fillet yield, composition, and fatty acid profile in two-year old, female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract Gonadal development in fish is a dominant physiological process that alters growth and fat metabolism, thereby affecting fillet quality. Sterile, triploid (3 N) female rainbow trout are generated by pressure-induced shock of zygotes (3NP), and by crossing a diploid (2 N; fertile) female and a tetraploid (4 N; fertile) male to produce triploid offspring 100% of the time (3NC; sterile). We have shown female intercross-triploids (3NC) have faster growth rates than pressure-induced triploids (3NP). Using a subset of these animals, we examined fillet yield, texture and fatty acid composition; additionally, fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids was determined. Variables were measured immediately prior to ovulation of (2 N; fertile) animals. Separable muscle as a percent of whole body weight was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in 3NC (46.5%) compared with 3NP (43.6%) fish, and both had higher yields than 2 N (38.3%) individuals. Fillets from 3NC fillets contained more (P ≤ 0.05) intramuscular crude fat than 3NP and 2 N fillets (13.4%, 11.2%, 8.17%, respectively). Also, 2 N fillets contained (P ≤ 0.05) fewer total saturated fatty acids (29.2%) compared to 3NP (33.4%) fillets which in turn, had fewer than 3NC (34.9%) fillets; suggesting diploids that stored SFA were used for egg development. Although 2 N fillets contained more (P ≤ 0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids relative to all fatty acids (PUFA, 28.7%) than 3NC and 3NP fillets (23.6% and 24.8%, respectively), the 3NC had the highest concentration per gram of fillet. 3NC and 3NP muscle had higher (P ≤ 0.05) levels of C12:0, C14:0, compared to 2 N. Fatty acids, C16:0 and 16:1, were highest (P ≤ 0.05) in 3NC, and 2 N muscle contained more (P ≤ 0.05) C22:6n3, C20:3n6 and C18:1n9c compared to 3NC and 3NP. Linoleic acid (18:2n6c) was highest in 2 N followed by 3NP and 3NC muscle (P ≤ 0.05). Thin Layer Chromatography plates were used to separate lipid classes and to evaluate the fatty acid composition of each lipid class. Ploidy did not affect (P > 0.05) fatty acids present in triglyceride and phospholipids. Albeit, triglycerides had higher (P ≤ 0.10) levels of C16:1, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and C22:1n9 compared to the phospholipids; whereas phospholipids contained higher levels of C16:0, C20:4n6, C20:5n3, and C22:6n3. Notably, phospholipids contained 3 times more C22:6n3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to triglycerides. Overall, intercross-triploids (3NC) exhibited superior growth and fillet yields and higher concentrations of intramuscular crude fat compared to 3NP and 2 N females, fillet texture and fatty acid profile were not different, with the exceptions of C18:2n6c, C16:0, and C16:1.
Factors predicting the development of psychopathology among first responders: A prospective, longitudinal study.

Objective: Previous research has shown that first responders exhibit elevated rates of psychopathology. Factors predicting the development of this psychopathology, however, remain understudied. This study longitudinally examined predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms in first responders. Method: Participants included 135 emergency medical service (EMS) providers. Multiple linear regressions were used to model predictors of change in PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptomatology from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Baseline levels of social support, sleep, emotional stability, and perceived stress were examined as potential predictors. Results: Results revealed that (a) increases in PTSD symptoms, (b) increases in depression symptoms, and (c) increases in anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up were each predicted by worse sleep and lower social support at baseline. In particular, the sleep subscale of disturbed sleep and the social support subscale of appraisal appeared to be driving these effects. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of social support and sleep hygiene in protecting against increases in psychopathology symptoms in EMS providers, and set the stage for future interventions to target sleep disturbances and encourage deeper social connections in order to foster resilience in first responders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).