cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional neuromodulation of chemosensation in vertebrates

Neuromodulation can be defined as a biophysical process that serves to modify — or modulate — the computation performed by a neuron or network as a function of task demands and behavioral state of the animal. These modulatory effects often involve substances extrinsic to the network under observation, such as acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE), histamine, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and a variety of neuropeptides. Olfactory and gustatory processes especially need to be adaptive and respond flexibly to changing environments, availability of resources and physiological needs. It is therefore crucial to understand the neuromodulatory processes that regulate the function of these systems.
Different variables are associated with help-seeking patterns and long-term outcomes among problem drinkers.

Abstract This study investigated variables associated with help-seeking for drinking problems and with long-term drinking outcomes. In a 3×2 design, problem drinkers ( N =167) were selected according to their help-seeking history [no assistance (NA), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) only, or treatment plus AA (TxAA)] and current drinking status [resolved abstinent (RA) for >2 years or nonresolved (NR) active drinkers]. Drinking practices and problems, influences on help-seeking, and life events were assessed retrospectively during structured interviews. Participant reports were verified through collateral or reliability interviews. Stable resolution was associated with heavier drinking and greater negative life events before resolution. Seeking help, especially from treatment, was associated with greater psychosocial problems and higher dependence levels. The results indicate that different dimensions of drinking problems are associated with help-seeking and drinking outcomes, and suggest ways to increase help-seeking.
Performance effects of top management team gender diversity during the merger and acquisition process

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to uncover the performance effects of top management team (TMT) gender diversity in the merger and acquisition (M&A) process. To do so, an integration of the upper echelons perspective and the M&A process literature is offered to consider the “double-edge sword” of gender diversity on both pre- and post-integration performance. Additionally, the boundary effects of acquirer experience on the TMT gender diversity-performance relationship is examined. Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are tested in a sample of 310 acquisitions by Fortune 1,000 companies. Multiple regression analysis is utilized to test the effects on the two different performance variables. Findings – The findings reveal that TMT gender diversity is beneficial to pre-integration performance, but hinders post-integration performance. Additionally, the findings provide evidence that acquirer experience can overcome the negative effects of gender diversity in post-integration performance. Origi...
A typology of communication functions in ballot issue campaigns

Abstract The increased importance of ballot issue campaigns creates a need for communication and political science scholars to study the rhetorical strategies employed in such campaigns. This essay presents a typology of four communication functions employed in successful ballot issue campaigns: education, trust development, development of a positive message, and neutralization of the opposition. The typology is applied to an analysis of the 1986 campaign for liquor‐by‐the‐drink in Kansas.
Behavioral parasitology and perspectives on miracidial host-finding

This paper proposes and outlines a new interdiscipline, ‘behavioral parasitology,’ and presents some interpretations in one of the leading themes of this field, miracidial chemosensitivity to snails. Controversies over miracidial attraction and species-specificity are considered from the standpoints of the distinction between taxis and kinesis, the need for a stimulus gradient, and the possibility of an early phase in a miracidium's behavior adapted for dispersal rather than host-finding. Some of the many possible organic stimulants are discussed with regard to quantitative production by snails, sensory thresholds of the parasites, and possible interaction with inorganic ions. Organic and inorganic stimulants are considered to possibly from qualitative as well as quantitative gradients. A thermodynamic interpretation of miracidial klinokinesis as a function of stimulant concentration suggests the existence of two or more separate types of receptors for the same stimulant, one with a higher affinity for the stimulant and mediating a weaker klinokinesis (possibly a long-range receptor as compared to the other).
Vibration of a rigid disc on a transversely isotropic elastic half space

The problem of a massless, rigid disc vibrating harmonically on a ‘constrained’ transversely isotropic elastic half space is considered. The material is called constrained because it is assumed that the elastic constants satisfy a certain equation. The problem for each mode of vibration is reduced to the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Results are presented to show the general effect of the material anisotropy.
Double Valuedness of Specific Luminescence as a Function of Stopping Power

The dependence of specific luminescence on the stopping power of /sup 16/ O ions in thin-film plastic scintillator has been determined over a range of incident ion energies which bracket the maximum stopping power. The suggested double-valued dependence of specific luminescence has been confirmed. The pronounced drop in specific luminescence near maximum stopping power is undertood in terms of electron pickup by the slowing ion. (auth)
Trypsin G- and C-banding for interchange analysis and sex identification in the chicken.

The trypsin banding methods were applied to feather pulp and embryonic material of the chicken. Two contrasting types of chromosomal banding patterns were obtained by varying the duration of trypsin treatment. A short time treatment shows a G-banding pattern which has characteristic and distinctive bands along the chromosome arms. Prolonging the trypsin treatment causes the G-banding pattern to disappear, and only the centromeres and the W chromosome remained heterochromatic which is characteristic of the C-banding pattern. The application of the G-banding pattern analysis was used to identify regions of chromosomes involved in rearrangements. The simplified trypsin technique which produces the C-banding pattern makes it relatively easy to identify the W sex-chromosome and determine sex in avian species.
The Uninvolved = Poor Writers

Students' perceptions of their role and of the teacher's role affect learning. In writing classes the impact of students' attitudes is particu larly keen because writing inevitably involves students in self-disclosure. Some students, however, lack the nec essary writing ability to elaborate on and clarify their experiences and knowl edge. Their difficulties in communicat ing with audiences beyond the self can lead to tremendous frustration, to a tendency to dislike everything associ ated with writing, and thus to avoid ance of writing. As Mina Shaughnessy (1977) observes in Errors and Expecta tions, these negative feelings often pre vent students from developing the in dependence and responsibility that will lead to learning. She argues that the writing teacher must identify students who have negative perceptions and seek to understand what handicaps these perceptions can be. In order to discover more about how such perceptions affect students' devel opment as writers, I interviewed five students over the course of a semester. As these interviews reveal, students' perceptions have implications for im proving practices of writing teachers and of all other teachers who have stu dents write. The students in this study were enrolled in three sections of an in troductory writing course (which I did not teach) at a large state university.
Hyperthermia therapy for warts utilizing a self-administered exothermic patch. Review of two cases.

background Hyperthermia therapy Was described previously to be effective for treating warts using a hot water technique as We as an ultrasound hyperthermia technique. Recently, two other papers described controlled localized heat therapy for cutaneous warts. A new heat-generated application system and method has been developed for treating warts using a self-administered, self-adhesive disposable exothermic patch. objective The objective of this study was to describe our clinical experience in using the exothermic patch to successfully treat patients with cutaneous recalcitrant warts who failed to respond to multiple antiwart therapy. method Two patients with recalcitrant warts that did not respond to other therapeutic modalities were treated with the exothermic patch with complete remission of their warts. Exothermic patches were used in this study that were specially constructed to provide long-lasting, continuous, and reproducible heating of the skin surface for at least 2 hours at a temperature level of 42–43°C, which will not burn or otherwise injure the skin. conclusion Warts are difficult to treat in part because there are no specific anti-Papillomavirus drugs or methods available. We describe our clinical experience in successfully treating two patients with recalcitrant warts using the exothermic patch.
Ordnance detection and discrimination study at former Fort Ord, California

A phased geophysical study of ordnance detection and discrimination specific to the Fort Ord, California environment is currently underway. The purposes of this study are to evaluate existing state-of-the-art OE detection instruments and systems and the ability of these devices to discriminate potential OE items from OE scrap and non-OE scrap in the specific OE, geologic, and cultural environments in and around Fort Ord.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Endoscopic Management and the Role of Double Stenting for Primary Obstructive Megaureters

Purpose: We determined the efficacy and potential complications of endoscopic incision and balloon dilation with double stenting for the treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in children.Materials and Methods: We prospectively reviewed cases of primary obstructive megaureter requiring repair due to pyelonephritis, renal calculi and/or loss of renal function. A total of 17 patients were identified as candidates for endoscopy. Infants were excluded from study. All patients underwent cystoscopy and retrograde ureteropyelography to start the procedure. In segments less than 2 cm balloon dilation was performed, and for those 2 to 3 cm laser incision was added. Two ureteral stents were placed within the ureter simultaneously and left indwelling for 8 weeks. Imaging was performed 3 months after stent removal and repeated 2 years following intervention.Results: Mean patient age was 7.0 years (range 3 to 12). Of the patients 12 had marked improvement of hydroureteronephrosis on renal and bladder ultrasound. ...
Early predictors of self‐biting in socially‐housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

The development of self-biting behavior in captive monkeys is little understood and poses a serious risk to their well-being. Although early rearing conditions may influence the expression of this behavior, not all animals reared under similar conditions self-bite. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three rearing conditions on biting behavior and to determine whether early infant behavior can predict later self-biting. The subjects were 370 rhesus macaques born at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Animal Center between 1994 and 2004. They were reared under three conditions: mother-reared in social groups (n=183), peer-reared in groups of four (n=84), and surrogate-peer-reared (n=103). Significantly more surrogate-peer-reared animals self-bit compared to peer-only or mother-reared animals. There was no sex difference in self-biting, but this result may have been affected by a sex bias in the number of observations. The durations of behaviors exhibited by the surrogate-peer-reared subjects were recorded in 5-min sessions twice a week from 2 to 6 months of age while the animals were in their home cages and play groups. In the play-group situation, surrogate-peer-reared subjects who later self-bit were found to be less social and exhibited less social clinging than those that did not self-bite. Home-cage behavior did not predict later self-biting, but it did change with increasing age: surrogate clinging and self-mouthing decreased, while environmental exploration increased. Our findings suggest that surrogate rearing in combination with lower levels of social contact during play may be risk factors for the later development of self-biting behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 69:584–590, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Application of the Amplitude Reduction Technique Within Probabilistic Rough EHL Models

Over the years, the deterministic EHL approach has been widely used. This technique is very powerful in capturing details of asperity deformation and interaction. The probabilistic EHL methodology is still used when the main interest of the engineer is directed toward computations of bulk properties. During recent years, the results of many deterministic analyses have been published. The reduction of the waviness amplitude in EHL contacts under rolling-sliding was systematically studied and it was showed that the amplitude reduction is completely described by a single parameter that includes the relative wave length and the operating conditions. This approach, usually referred to as the amplitude reduction technique has opened a way for developing improved probabilistic EHL models by incorporating the effects of fluid-induced roughness deformation, which is calculated using the Fast Fourier Transform. Such a probabilistic model has already been presented for the case of isotropic roughness, (30), (31). Here we provide a review of the lastest developments in the amplitude reduction technique and we present a probabilistic EHL algorithm for the computations of the load supported by the fluid, the elastically deformed asperities and the plastically deformed asperities in a mixed EHL contact with either isotropic of non-iotropic roughness. The fluid-induced roughness deformation is incorporated into the probabilistic model via the use of the amplitude reduction technique.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Electroosmotically driven creeping flows in a wavy microchannel

We report our investigation on electroosmotic flow (EOF) in a wavy channel between a plane wall and a sinusoidal wall. An exact solution is obtained by using complex function formulation and boundary integral method. The effects of the channel width and wave amplitude on the electric field, streamline pattern, and flow field are studied. When a pressure gradient of sufficient strength in the opposite direction is added to an EOF in the wavy channel, various patterns of recirculation regions are observed. Experimental results are presented to validate qualitatively the theoretical description. The solution is further exploited to determine the onset condition of flow recirculation and the size of the recirculation region. It is found that they are dependent on one dimensionless parameter related to forces (K, the ratio of the pressure force to the electrokinetic force) and two dimensionless parameters related to the channel geometry (α, the ratio of the wave amplitude to the wavelength, and h, the ratio of the channel width to the wavelength).
Ammonia detection and monitoring with photofragmentation fluorescence

Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy is an effective detection strategy for NH3 in combustion exhausts at atmospheric pressure and high temperatures. Two-photon photofragmentation of NH3 with 193-nm light yields emission from the NH(A– X) band at 336 nm. There are no major interferences in this spectral region, and the sensitivity is at the parts per billion (ppb) level. Quenching of the NH(A) state radical by the major combustion products is measured and does not limit the applicability of the detection method. Detection limits in practical situations are of the order of 100 ppb for a 100-shot (1-s) average. This technique could prove useful in monitoring ammonia emissions from catalytic and noncatalytic NOx reduction processes involving ammonia injection.
Addition-elimination reactions between phenyllithium and some perfluorovinylether compounds

Abstract Reactions between C 6 H 5 Li and C 3 F 7 OCFCF 2 (I) yield phenyl substituted perfluorovinylethers. Stoichiometry and reaction temperature dictate the degree of substitution. With each replacement of F θ by C 6 H 5 θ the subsequent substitutions require more forcing conditions. The F θ is substituted easier than the C 3 F 7 O θ during the addition-elimination reactions.
Education, Job Experience and the Gap Between Male and Female Wages in the Soviet Union

The elements of economic inequality of the sexes, although of a temporary character, nevertheless at present not only promote the preservation of the well-known material dependence of women on men, but also in some way serve as a justification for the preservation of the bourgeois prejudice concerning the inferiority of women as productive workers.2
38-MC/S RADIATION FROM JUPITER

SOON after the discovery by Burke and Franklin1 in 1954 of 22-Mc/s sporadic-type radiation from Jupiter, an attempt was made by F. G. Smith2 to detect similar radiation at higher frequencies from old records taken with the Cambridge 38- and 81-Mc/s interferometers. Suitable records were available for 16 days in 1952 and 1953 at 38 Mc/s and for 10 days in 1955 at 81 Mc/s. In spite of the fact that both aerial systems were considerably more sensitive than anything normally utilized in the study of Jupiter at frequencies close to 20 Mc/s no emission was detected. For the next few years it was tacitly assumed by most workers, with the notable exception of Douglas3, that some frequency below 38 Mc/s represented an upper limit to the Jupiter radiation.
Materials processing for lithium-ion batteries

Extensive efforts have been undertaken to develop and optimize new materials for lithium-ion batteries to address power and energy demands of mobile electronics and electric vehicles. However, the introduction of large-format lithium-ion batteries is hampered by high cost, safety concerns, and deficiencies in energy density and calendar life. Advanced materials-processing techniques can contribute solutions to such issues. From that perspective, this work summarizes the materials-processing techniques used to fabricate the cathodes, anodes, and separators used in lithium-ion batteries.
Search for superheavy elements in monazites

Abstract Samples of monazite from Australia; Malaysia; South Africa; Georgia, U.S.A.; and Madagascar were examined by using a multiplicity counter capable of detecting coincident neutrons from binary or ternary spontaneous fission decay of any element. Corrections were made for empty counter background, uranium spontaneous fission, muon reactions with rare earth and thorium, and neutron absorption by Sm and Gd. The corrected counts showed no evidence of spontaneous fission decay of superheavy elements. Derived limits indicate that if superheavy elements were present, their spontaneous fission half-lives must be extremely long or their concentrations extremely small.
Role Change: A Resocialization Perspective

Preface The Resocialization Paradigm Role Problems The Genesis of Dysfunctional Roles The Role Change Process Impediments to Role Change: The Emotions Impediments to Role Change: Cognitive and Colitional Impediments to Role Change: Social Aspects Facilitating Change The Supportive Relationships Identifying Dysfunctional Roles Reexperiencing Dysfunctional Roles Unblocking Fear Unblocking Anger Guilt, and Sadness Non-Coercive Negotiations Dual-Concern Negotiations Bibliography Index
Interactive SIGGRAPH proceedings: a new form of publication

The following article accompanied a demonstration of the SIGGRAPH interactive proceedings prototype at EDUCOM '89 in Ann Arbor, Michigan on October 15-18, 1989. It speaks to an educational audience and motivates the SIGGRAPH participation in this innovative multimedia project.
In Vitro Susceptibilities and Molecular Analysis of Vancomycin-Intermediate and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

BACKGROUND There is increasing frequency of vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA and VRSA) isolates identified in clinical practice. There are limited reports evaluating susceptibility patterns and molecular characteristics of these strains. METHODS Laboratory analysis was performed on 13 VRSA and 33 VISA isolates, including susceptibility testing by broth microdilution, detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing using polymerase chain reaction. Strain typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on VRSA isolates. RESULTS Telavancin, linezolid, tigecycline, and minocycline were active against >90% of VISA isolates, while >90% of VRSA isolates were susceptible to ceftaroline, daptomycin, linezolid, minocyline, tigecycline, rifampin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. There were no VISA or VRSA isolates that carried PVL genes or ACME, and most strains (69.8%) were staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type II. VRSA isolates were predominantly related to USA100 (53.8%) and none were related to USA300 or USA400. CONCLUSIONS A large number of available antimicrobial agents retain very good in vitro activity against VRSA and VISA isolates. The present isolates appear to be derived from healthcare-associated strains based on the absence of features associated with community-associated strains, and VRSA isolates are polyclonal by PFGE.
ON THE DISPERSED TWO-PHASE FLOW IN THE LAMINAR FLOW REGIME.

Abstract The time dependent, dispersed, two-phase flow problem for the laminar flow regime is considered. In agreement with Burgers ' description of the flow, the analysis takes into account the effect of both the motion and the presence of other particles. The effect of motion is taken into account by considering the momentum equation for the two-phase mixture and the two continuity equations (one for each phase). The effect of the presence of other particles is taken into account in the equation of motion (derived from phenomenological considerations) of a single particle in a two-phase mixture. The steady-state solution of the governing set of equations is applied to an analysis of sedimentation and of fluidization (batch, cocurrent and countercurrent). Good agreement with experimental data is shown. The steady-state results give a formulation and a confirmation of the basic premise in the phenomenological theory of Elgin and Lapidus for vertical two-phase flow systems. The theory of kinematic waves proposed by Kynch and by Lighthill and Whitham is used to analyse the transient response, i.e. the diffusion process, and to predict the diffusivity in two-phase flow. The kinematic wave theory is used also to predict the operating limits imposed on the system by the flooding phenomenon. Extensions of the analysis to turbulent flow and to more complex systems are discussed.
Recalcitrant scarring follicular disorders treated by laser-assisted hair removal: a preliminary report.

Background. Recalcitrant scarring follicular disorders have been treated previously by removing hair follicles both surgically by scalp resection with skin grafting and with X-ray epilation. Laser-assisted hair removal may provide an alternate method of hair removal with less associated morbidity. Objective. The goal is to determine whether laser-assisted hair removal can be used to treat follicular inflammatory disorders by destroying hair follicles. Methods. Three patients with various scarring follicular disorders (dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, keratosis pilaris spinulosa decalvans, and pseudofolliculitis barbae) were treated with the long-pulse non-Q-switched ruby laser and followed clinically. Results. The patients tolerated the treatments well without significant side effects and noted improvement of their condition along with decreased hair growth in the treated area. Conclusion. Laser-assisted hair removal may provide a safe, effective means of treating recalcitrant follicular disorders.
Possible Genomic Mechanism Involved in Control Systems Responses to Hypoxia

It has been increasingly evident that the response of the respiratory control system (i.e. the controller and its interactions with the controlled system) is not invariant but changes over time. This is particularly obvious in the effects of hypoxia on the control system. For example, ventilation increases sharply, decreases within a few minutes and then increases over time even though constant levels of hypoxia are maintained (1). Controlled system reactions to signals from the controller also vary as hypoxia is maintained and are modulated by the release of neurotransmitters such as NO from the vascular endothelium, enhanced secretion of catecholamines, and ultimately by changes such as smooth muscle hypertrophy and increased red cell mass (2).
Comparison of Quantiferon-TB Gold versus tuberculin skin test for tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Background & Aim: Screening for latent tuberculosis (LTB) is recommended before starting anti-TNF-αtherapy. We compared the performance of Quantiferon-TB Gold (QFT-G) with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the screening of LTB in a population of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who were candidates for anti-TNF-α therapy.Methods: Ninety-two IBD patients who were candidates for anti-TNF-α therapy were tested with QTF-G and TST. Concomitant therapy and laboratory parameters were recorded.Results: One subject was vaccinated with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), 76% of patients were on immunosuppressive therapy (IST), and all patients had a negative TB history and negative chest X-ray. Agreement between the two tests was observed in 89.2% of patients (79.4% +/+, 9.8% -/-), QFT-G+/TSTwas observed in 4.4% (4) patients, and QFT-G-/TST+ was observed in 5.5%, one of which was previously vaccinated. All disagreements were observed in patients on IST (14.3% in this group). The agreement analysis showed moderate strength among the patients (k=0.508), while the agreement was only fair in the subgroup of patients on IST (k=0.388).Conclusion: Given the high risk of LTB reactivation in patients subjected to anti-TNF-α therapy, our results suggest that in our population, with low TB rate and very low BCG vaccination rate, both tests could be employed.Abbrevations: INHA: isoniazide; AZA: azathioprine; BCG: Bacille Calmette Guerin; CFP-10: culture filtrate protein-10; ESAT-6: early secretory antigen target-6; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IFN: interferon; IGRA: interferon-gamma release assay; IST: immunosuppressive therapy; LTB: latent tuberculosis; QFT-G: Quantiferon-TB gold; TB: tuberculosis; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TST: tuberculin skin test.
SAMP32, a Testis-Specific, Isoantigenic Sperm Acrosomal Membrane-Associated Protein

To identify novel human sperm membrane antigens, we analyzed two-dimensional gels of sperm extracts containing hydrophobic proteins that partitioned into Triton X-114. Four protein spots with isoelectric points (pIs) ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 and apparent molecular weights from 32 to 34 kDa were sequenced by mass spectrometry and found to contain common peptide sequences. Cloning the corresponding cDNA revealed that these protein spots were products of a single gene (SAMP32), encoding a protein of 32 kDa with a predicted pI of 4.57. SAMP32 has a potential transmembrane domain in the carboxyl terminus and is phosphorylated in vivo on serine 256. Northern blotting of eight human tissues and RNA dot blotting of 76 human tissues showed that SAMP32 expression was testis specific. SAMP32 contained an amino terminal domain homologous to the major malarial circumsporozoite surface protein and a domain similar to that of Krp1 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe in its carboxyl terminus. The SAMP32 locus consists of seven exons on chromosome 6q15-16.2. Antiserum against recombinant SAMP32 recognized protein spots originally cored from a two-dimensional gel. This antiserum strongly stained the equatorial segment and faintly stained the acrosome cap of ejaculated human spermatozoa by immunofluorescence. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that SAMP32 was associated with the inner acrosomal membrane in the principal and the equatorial segments of the sperm acrosome. By immunostaining enzyme-dissociated testicular cells, SAMP32 was localized to Golgi phase round spermatids and subsequent stages of acrosome biogenesis. Recombinant SAMP32 reacted with serum from an infertile man, suggesting that it is isoantigenic. Antibodies against recombinant SAMP32 inhibited both the binding and the fusion of human sperm to zona-free hamster eggs.
Penalized methods for bi-level variable selection

In many applications, covariates possess a grouping structure that can be incorporated into the analysis to select important groups as well as important members of those groups. This work focuses on the incorporation of grouping structure into penalized regression. We investigate the previously proposed group lasso and group bridge penalties as well as a novel method, group MCP, introducing a framework and conducting simulation studies that shed light on the behavior of these methods. To fit these models, we use the idea of a locally approximated coordinate descent to develop algorithms which are fast and stable even when the number of features is much larger than the sample size. Finally, these methods are applied to a genetic association study of age-related macular degeneration.
Rhinoplasty Perioperative Database Using a Personal Digital Assistant

Objective To construct a reliable, accurate, and easy-to-use handheld computer database that facilitates the point-of-care acquisition of perioperative text and image data specific to rhinoplasty. Methods A user-modified database (Pendragon Forms [v.3.2]; Pendragon Software Corporation, Libertyville, Ill) and graphic image program (Tealpaint [v.4.87]; Tealpaint Software, San Rafael, Calif) were used to capture text and image data, respectively, on a Palm OS (v.4.11) handheld operating with 8 megabytes of memory. The handheld and desktop databases were maintained secure using PDASecure (v.2.0) and GoldSecure (v.3.0) (Trust Digital LLC, Fairfax, Va). The handheld data were then uploaded to a desktop database of either FileMaker Pro 5.0 (v.1) (FileMaker Inc, Santa Clara, Calif) or Microsoft Access 2000 (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, Wash). Design Patient data were collected from 15 patients undergoing rhinoplasty in a private practice outpatient ambulatory setting. Data integrity was assessed after 6 months' disk and hard drive storage. Results The handheld database was able to facilitate data collection and accurately record, transfer, and reliably maintain perioperative rhinoplasty data. Query capability allowed rapid search using a multitude of keyword search terms specific to the operative maneuvers performed in rhinoplasty. Conclusions Handheld computer technology provides a method of reliably recording and storing perioperative rhinoplasty information. The handheld computer facilitates the reliable and accurate storage and query of perioperative data, assisting the retrospective review of one's own results and enhancement of surgical skills.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pericardium Found During Coronary Bypass Surgery of Possible Cutaneous Origin

Metastatic neoplasms of the pericardium are more common than primary tumors. Isolated metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to the pericardium has not been described. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the pericardium diagnosed after coronary bypass surgery without any primary tumor. The only significant history is the removal of multiple "skin cancers" in the past.
Imagining as a Guide to Possibility

A great many arguments in philosophy turn on claims about what is possible, and in fact it’s difficult to overstate how central modal claims are in all areas of philosophy. Making claims about what could be and what must be is the bread-and-butter of philosophy. In philosophy of mind, for example, it is contended that some of the best arguments for dualism hinge on a modal premise. In recent years there has been a resurgence of debate about the merits of modal arguments for dualism, and this has in turn sparked interest in modal arguments generally. What makes for a good modal argument? How do we know that the crucial modal premises of such arguments are true? Hume offers the traditional answer in the Treatise: “ ‘Tis an established maxim in metaphysics, That whatever the mind clearly conceives includes the idea of possible existence, or, in other words, that nothing we imagine is absolutely impossible” (I.ii.2, emphasis removed). Hume is certainly right about this much: many in philosophy presume this established maxim. We take ourselves to have some knowledge of what could be, or what could have been, and by this we mean knowledge of metaphysical possibility. Hume does not tell us, however, how this “established maxim” has been established. The more we consider the maxim, the more it cries out for explanation. What is it to conceive something? Why is it that conceiving, so understood, provides evidence for possibility? I think it is fair to say that we lack clear and satisfying positive answers to these questions; what we have instead is a general unease about the central philosophical practice of making claims about the possible and a particular dissatisfaction with “controversial” modal premises in arguments whose conclusions we don’t like. Part of the problem is that many candidate answers to the “what” question quite obviously lead nowhere. ‘Conceive’ is a word with many senses, and many of these senses are clearly unsuitable to play the role of evidence for possibility. Merely understanding, thinking, or entertaining a proposition is not sufficient, for it is easy enough to understand, think, or entertain thoughts about what is necessarily false. The same goes for assuming, supposing, and taking for granted. If the kind of conceiving that philosophers have in mind isn’t any of these, it is less obvious what the right kind is. (“Clear and distinct conception” anyone?)
Predation by estuarine zooplankton on tintinnid ciliates

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the feeding performances of Uca zoeae and the estuarine copepods Acartia tonsa and Tortanus setacaudatus when these zooplankton preyed upon the co-occurring tintinnids Favella panamensis (length 265 μm) and Tintinnopsis tubulosa (length 148 μm). Predation by Favella on Tintinnopsis was also studied. Over the range of experimental prey densities used, Acartia ingested Tintinopsis at rates linearly related to prey density. Favella was ingested by Aractia at higher rates than was Tintinnopsis. Tortamus ingested Favella more readily than did Acartia , but Tortanus did not ingest Tintinnopsis. Uca ingested both Tintinnopsis and Favella while Tintinnopsis was also ingested by the larger tintinnid Favella . Comparisons of Acartia predation on tintinnids with published data on ingestion of nauplii and phytoplankton showed that when the phytoplankton are dominated by small (diameters 3 organisms 1 −1 can be important items in the diets of Acartia . At lower tintinnid concentrations or when algal species with diameters > 10 μm are present in significant concentrations, tintinnids merely supplement algae in the diet of Acartia . Generally, tintinnids are more important food items for Acartia than are comparably sized nauplii. Only at concentrations exceeding 10 4 cop. m −3 can Acartia depress tintinid population growth.
Use of protrusive splint therapy in anterior disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint: a 1- to 3-year follow-up.

Abstract Sixty-eight patients, who were determined clinically (by the presence of audible and palpable joint sounds) and arthro graphically to have meniscus displacement with reduction, had protrusive splints constructed, and the results were evaluated for a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 3 years. Eighteen additional patients, arthrographically determined to have meniscus displacement with reduction, served as a nontreatment group for comparison. Odds ratios were calculated to compare the proportions of subjects who experienced follow-up symptoms on the two regimens. Results indicated that with splint therapy there was a statistically significant reduction of the intensity of jaw joint pain, temporal headache, ear pain, and pain in front of the ear, and there was a decrease in the probability of a closed lock condition developing. Splint therapy is less likely to reduce frontal headache, neck pain, and clenching of teeth.
The television news interview: A field study

The participant observation technique and interviews provide the methodology for observing the television news interview process. The author provides a critical analysis.
Oncogenic Osteomalacia Associated With Prostate Cancer

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome often associated with benign bone tumors and rarely noted in other malignancies. We report on a man with metastatic prostate cancer and successfully treated oncogenic osteomalacia. CASE REPORT A 69-year-old Indian man was evaluated with complaints of severe nausea and weakness. Metastatic prostate cancer had been diagnosed elsewhere 4 years earlier, when he presented with urinary obstruction, an enlarged prostate and markedly elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). Bone scan at that time demonstrated widespread lesions consistent with metastases and estrogen was given with an excellent symptomatic response. One year before evaluation bone pain developed and PSA increased. Further hormonal manipulations were unsuccessful and 89strontium injection failed to alleviate symptoms. Oral intake decreased and the patient lost weight. The patient was alert but cachectic. General physical examination was unremarkable. He had moderate weakness of all muscle groups, and was able to stand and walk only with assistance. Sensation and deep tendon reflexes were normal. Laboratory evaluation revealed mild anemia, severe hypophosphatemia (0.5 mg./dl.) and
K-12 Edtech Cloud Service Inventory

A wide range of cloud technologies are now available to K-12 educators, ranging from replacements for school- and district-maintained servers (infrastructure as a service, in which servers traditionally maintained by a school or district are “outsourced” to a cloud vendor), to a variety of software tools that users access from web browsers or mobile applications, which are in turn supported and powered by third-party companies. In such a crowded landscape, it can be challenging to understand the different kinds of available services.This inventory aims to provide a more concrete survey of the kinds of cloud computing technologies adopted in the K-12 context. It groups services according to the rough functionality they afford, from those common to any organization (collaboration and identity management), through the administrative office (student information systems), to the classroom (learning management and classroom management), and outside it (parent-teacher communication). The examples provided are meant to illustrate the kinds of cloud technology being developed in each class, and are not exhaustive. In addition, it is important to recognize that the growing ubiquity of Internet access generally and of mobile devices specifically among students, parents, and teachers makes it increasingly easy and desirable for cloud application developers to create services that transcend these boundaries. In each case, we document: The level of adoption: who can sign up for the service? The audience: who will be expected to use it? The pricing model: is there a fee associated with the service, and under what conditions? The extensibility: how, and under what circumstances, can this service be connected to or included in other services? Mobile integration: does the service require or suggest the use of a mobile app? is the service’s web interface designed for use with mobile browsers?
Localized Pemphigus Foliaceus with Unilateral Facial Involvement

Pemphigus foliaceus is a superficial vesiculobullous disease that typically presents with widespread lesions. Localized presentations are less frequent, and they typically occur in middle-aged patients, following exposure to topical medications, and later on, become more disseminated. We present a case of a 19-year-old female with a localized presentation of pemphigus foliaceus unrelated to previous topical medications, that was a diagnostic and therapeutically challenging case. We also discuss the literature on localized cases, differences in presentations and responses to various treatment modalities.
To search or to ask: the routing of information needs between traditional search engines and social networks

In status message question asking (SMQA), members of social networking sites make use of status messages to express information needs to friends and contacts. We present findings from a laboratory study that examined 82 participants' SMQA behaviors in the broader context of online information seeking. When given the option of using a search engine and/or a social network, participants leveraged SMQA for 20% of their information needs, most often posing a question to their network in addition to issuing a query. We show the important roles played by the specificity of the information need and the perceived audience of a given network on routing decisions. We then demonstrate that routing decisions have varied effects on participants' satisfaction, information value, and trust of outcomes. In addition to highlighting the complementary advantages and disadvantages of search and SMQA, our findings suggest that search engines can better address a meaningful portion of people's information needs by integrating SMQA capabilities into their systems.
Effects of Ambient Atmosphere on Aluminum - Copper wirebond Reliability

The effect of ambient atmosphere on the stability of Al-Cu bonds aged at 150 to 300°C was studied. Data show that atmosphere plays a major role in determining the failure mode of wires bonded and aged under otherwise identical conditions. Bonds aged in air, nitrogen, and vacuum all experienced an initial decrease in pull strength due to annealing of the wire. The mechanical strength of vacuum and nitrogen aged samples continued to degrade with time. A shift in the primary failure mode from wire breaks to bond lifts was noted. The pull strengths of air-aged samples remained stable through 1600 h. The dominant failure mode was wire breaks. Al-Cu intermetallic phases were formed under all conditions. Surface diffusion was suggested by the presence of a groove at the bond perimeter. With time, the groove propagated along the metallic Cu/Cu intermetallic interface, undercutting the bond. The formation of copper oxides in air-aged samples retarded this process. An effective activation energy of 0.45 eV was calculated for the Al-Cu failure mechanism in vacuum.
Transmission Efficiencies of Field-Collected Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Vectors of Beet Yellows Virus

J. Econ. Entomol. 84(2). 638-643 (1991) ABSTRACT Alate aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) were collected at weekly intervals in 1988 in six California sugarbeet fields-three on each side of a boundary line which separates overwintered spring harvest beet fields in Solano County from fall harvested fields in Yolo County. Alate aphids landing on a yellow board during a 45-min morning collection period were captured live and tested for ability to transmit beet yellows virus (BYV) by allowing individual aphids to feed on healthy sugarbeet seedlings immediately after capture. Test plants were evaluated for BYV infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). and aphids were preserved and later identified. Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis fabae Scopoli complex, and Rhopalostphum padi (L.) were the principal aphid species which transmitted BYV. Five additional captured aphid species were found to be carrying BYV, including Macrostphum rosae (L.) and Amphorophora spp., which are reported as BYV vectors for the first time. Geographically distinct isolates of A. fake complex were collected from fields in Fresno, Monterey, Santa Barbara, Tehama and Yolo counties; M. persicae was collected from Yolo County and R. padi was collected from Fresno and Yolo counties. A laboratory colony of R. padi was also obtained from New York. All aphid collections were tested for their relative efficiency in transmitting BYV. Differential transmission ability was found among geographically isolated aphid colonies of the same species and also among the different genera. A. fake complex aphids from Santa Barbara County were the most efficient BYV vectors, followed by M. persicae, A. fake complex from Fresno County, and R. padi from Fresno County.
Nano-power switched-capacitor bandpass filters for medical implantable pacemakers and defibrillators

This paper presents switched-capacitor bandpass filters used within the sense system of implantable medical devices such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. This work examines the methods; including filter architecture, discrete-time transformation, and operational amplifier (opamp) topology; to reduce current consumption and to lower supply voltages for switched capacitor filters to reach nano-watt level of power consumption. The implemented fourth-order intra-cardiac signal bandpass filter is in a standard analog CMOS process and has power consumption of 210 nW using 1024 Hz system clock.
Appendicular skeleton in amphisbaenians (Reptilia: Squamata)

Abstract The appendicular skeletal elements in 32 species from all 23 extant genera of amphisbaenians were surveyed via the preparation and study of radiographs, dry skeletons, and cleared-and-stained specimens. Here I report on the presence or absence of those elements, describe their morphology, and make comparisons to several other limbless or limb-reduced squamate taxa that have previously been suggested as close relatives to amphisbaenians. Variability found here in the appendicular skeleton provides a new source of character data for ongoing phylogenetic studies of the group. Comparisons of these elements to those found in potential squamate sister groups indicate that some amphisbaenians share plesiomorphic similarities with limbed squamates such as gymnophthalmid lizards, whereas others share only absence or reduction features with other limbless or limb-reduced squamates, such as dibamid lizards and snakes. This pattern is considered potentially inconsistent with previously proposed hypotheses of...
Sample Collection, Preparation, Rapid On-Site Evaluation, and Triage

The success of an FNA procedure depends on the nature of the lesion (e.g., size, location, and consistency), the skill of the aspirator, and the availability of rapid on-site evaluation. Large palpable lesions can be aspirated by a pathologist, and small deeply seated lesions are usually aspirated by the radiologist under image guidance. Usually, a 22- to 25-gauge needle is used, and two to three needle passes are made. Aspirated materials are expressed onto several glass slides and smeared out.
Proximity-effect correction for 3D single-photon optical lithography

A proximity-effect-correction (PEC) algorithm for three-dimensional (3D) single-photon gray-scale photolithography is proposed and numerically analyzed in this paper. The gray-scale dose assigned to every point within the photoresist volume is optimized to guarantee that the fabricated 3D patterns are as close to the designed patterns as possible. PEC optimizations for 3D woodpile geometries using low and high absorption photoresist are simulated. Spatial resolution of the proposed PEC algorithm is numerically studied. We also investigated the efficacy of our algorithm on a variety of related 3D geometries.