cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Stromal Vascular Fraction in the Treatment of Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

Abstract Introduction Stem cell therapy using stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a promising treatment modality. SVF is comprised of a mixture of adipose-derived stem cells, endothelial precursor cells, and immune modulatory cells that act synergistically to facilitate angiogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation. This makes SVF an attractive option for men's sexual disorders that require reconstitution of vasculature and endothelial lining, namely erectile dysfunction (ED) and Peyronie's disease (PD). Aim The objective of this study was to compare and contrast the available literature regarding the use of SVF in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Methods A literature review was performed in PubMed with the keywords “stromal vascular fraction” and/or “erectile dysfunction” and/or “Peyronie's disease” and/or “sexual dysfunction.” Main outcome measures The main outcome measure for preclinical studies was erectile function, as measured by changes in intracavernous pressures, and results of histopathologic analysis of corporal tissue. Clinical endpoint analysis in humans included various patient questionnaires. Results For ED, there were 5 preclinical studies included in the analysis, with 1 Phase 1 clinical trial in humans. Major limitations of both the preclinical and clinical studies included the absence of SVF component analysis, and short duration of follow-up. Despite a paucity of preclinical studies, there was a single clinical study assessing the efficacy of combination SVF and shock wave therapy in the treatment of PD. Limitations of this study included an absence of a control group and the use of subjective data. Conclusion Preclinical and clinical data in the use of SVF for the treatment of male sexual dysfunction is deficient. Even though multiple medicinal disciplines are studying the use of SVF on a myriad of pathologies, further investigative work elucidating the mechanism and potential adverse effects of SVF need to be performed before clinical trials are undertaken. Haney NM, Gabrielson A, Kohn TP, Hellstrom WJG. The Use of Stromal Vascular Fraction in the Treatment of Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:313–320.
Integrated Silicon Nitride Optical Beamforming Networks for Wideband Communications

Two approaches to ripple free 1 × 4 optical beamforming networks are presented; one is based on a 5-stage Mach-Zehnder switchable delay line and the other on a 3-optical-ring-resonator delay line. Both are demonstrated for W-band communications.
Early impact of the ICD-10-CM transition on selected health outcomes in 13 electronic health care databases in the United States.

Purpose To describe the consistency in the frequency of 5 health outcomes across the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) eras in the US. Methods We examined the incidence of 3 acute conditions (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], angioedema, ischemic stroke) and the prevalence of 2 chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension) during the final 5 years of the ICD-9-CM era (January 2010-September 2015) and the first 15 months of the ICD-10-CM era (October 2015-December 2016) in 13 electronic health care databases in the Sentinel System. For each health outcome reviewed during the ICD-10-CM era, we evaluated 4 definitions, including published algorithms derived from other countries, as well as simple-forward, simple-backward, and forward-backward mapping using the General Equivalence Mappings. For acute conditions, we also compared the incidence between April to December 2014 and April to December 2016. Results The analyses included data from approximately 172 million health plan members. While the incidence or prevalence of AMI and hypertension performed similarly across the 2 eras, the other 3 outcomes did not demonstrate consistent trends for some or all the ICD-10-CM definitions assessed. Conclusions When using data from both the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM eras, or when using results from ICD-10-CM data to compare to results from ICD-9-CM data, researchers should test multiple ICD-10-CM outcome definitions as part of sensitivity analysis. Ongoing assessment of the impact of ICD-10-CM transition on identification of health outcomes in US electronic health care databases should occur as more data accrue.
NITROGEN LOSSES IN RELATION TO SOIL PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS

A 4-year field experiment with dairy manure on three soils was used to estimate denitrification using nitrogen balances and nitrate-chloride ratios in the drainage water. Unaccounted-for losses, assumed to be by denitrification, varied from 19%-88% of the total losses. There was a reasonably high correlation between denitrification estimated from nitrogen balances and the nitrate-chloride ratios in the drainage water. Nitrate-chloride ratios indicated that denitrification occurred mostly at a soil depth of 0.0 − 0.6m. Denitrification was related to the clay content of the root zone or to the clay content at a depth of 0.6 − 0.8m. However, the best indexes to denitrification were the saturated hydraulic conductivity at a depth of 0.6 − 0.9 m, the minimum hydraulic conductivity at a depth of 0.0 − 1.0 m and the average hydraulic conductivity at a depth of 0.0 − 1.0 m of soil.
Refunctionalization of abstract abstract machines: bridging the gap between abstract abstract machines and abstract definitional interpreters (functional pearl)

Abstracting abstract machines is a systematic methodology for constructing sound static analyses for higher-order languages, by deriving small-step abstract abstract machines (AAMs) that perform abstract interpretation from abstract machines that perform concrete evaluation. Darais et al. apply the same underlying idea to monadic definitional interpreters, and obtain monadic abstract definitional interpreters (ADIs) that perform abstract interpretation in big-step style using monads. Yet, the relation between small-step abstract abstract machines and big-step abstract definitional interpreters is not well studied. In this paper, we explain their functional correspondence and demonstrate how to systematically transform small-step abstract abstract machines into big-step abstract definitional interpreters. Building on known semantic interderivation techniques from the concrete evaluation setting, the transformations include linearization, lightweight fusion, disentanglement, refunctionalization, and the left inverse of the CPS transform. Linearization expresses nondeterministic choice through first-order data types, after which refunctionalization transforms the first-order data types that represent continuations into higher-order functions. The refunctionalized AAM is an abstract interpreter written in continuation-passing style (CPS) with two layers of continuations, which can be converted back to direct style with delimited control operators. Based on the known correspondence between delimited control and monads, we demonstrate that the explicit use of monads in abstract definitional interpreters is optional. All transformations properly handle the collecting semantics and nondeterminism of abstract interpretation. Remarkably, we reveal how precise call/return matching in control-flow analysis can be obtained by refunctionalizing a small-step abstract abstract machine with proper caching.
Are they our brothers?: analysis and detection of religious hate speech in the arabic Twittersphere

Religious hate speech in the Arabic Twittersphere is a notable problem that requires developing automated tools to detect messages that use inflammatory sectarian language to promote hatred and violence against people on the basis of religious affiliation. Distinguishing hate speech from other profane and vulgar language is quite a challenging task that requires deep linguistic analysis. The richness of the Arabic morphology and the limited available resources for the Arabic language make this task even more challenging. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to address the problem of identifying speech promoting religious hatred in the Arabic Twitter. In this work, we describe how we created the first publicly available Arabic dataset annotated for the task of religious hate speech detection and the first Arabic lexicon consisting of terms commonly found in religious discussions along with scores representing their polarity and strength. We then developed various classification models using lexicon-based, n-gram-based, and deep-learning-based approaches. A detailed comparison of the performance of different models on a completely new unseen dataset is then presented. We find that a simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture with Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and pre-trained word embeddings can adequately detect religious hate speech with 0.84 Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC).
A Flat CHAT perspective on transliteracies development

Abstract Examining two longitudinal cases of writing development, we argue for a Flat CHAT (cultural-historical activity theory) perspective on transliteracies development that focuses attention on laminated assemblage—how times, spaces, artifacts, and people converge in complex and unfolding trajectories of becoming. The first case focuses on Nora, a post-doctorate biologist working on the behavioral neuroendocrinology of birds' sociality. Based on life-history and text-based interviews, observations, and texts reaching back to elementary school, the analysis explores how a laminated history of semiotic engagements have formed her ways of being-in-the-world as a biologist. Drawing on a larger connective ethnographic study of writing development, the second case focuses on the distributed becoming of an out-of-school organization. Based on interviews with focal young men from the larger study, their peers, and mentors; fieldnotes from two years of observations; and youths' compositions, the analysis traces genesis and disruption across time-space scales. In both cases, we see a host of becomings, where each element of the assemblage is deeply shaped by diverse histories, in intra-active flux (not finalized or isolated) in the moment, and spinning off, changed, into emergent futures.
Seasonal Dynamics of the Activated Sludge Microbiome in Sequencing Batch Reactors, Assessed Using 16S rRNA Transcript Amplicon Sequencing.

ABSTRACT Activated sludge is comprised of diverse microorganisms which remediate wastewater. Previous research has characterized activated sludge using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, which can help to address questions on the relative abundance of microorganisms. In this study, we used 16S rRNA transcript sequencing in order to characterize “active” populations (via protein synthesis potential) and gain a deeper understanding of microbial activity patterns within activated sludge. Seasonal abundances of individual populations in activated sludge change over time, yet a persistent group of core microorganisms remains throughout the year which are traditionally classified on presence or absence without monitoring of their activity or growth. The goal of this study was to further our understanding of how the activated sludge microbiome changes between seasons with respect to population abundance, activity, and growth. Triplicate sequencing batch reactors were sampled at 10-min intervals throughout reaction cycles during all four seasons. We quantified the gene and transcript copy numbers of 16S rRNA amplicons using real-time PCR and sequenced the products to reveal community abundance and activity changes. We identified 108 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with stable abundance, activity, and growth throughout the year. Nonproliferating OTUs were commonly human health related, while OTUs that showed seasonal abundance changes have previously been identified as being associated with floc formation and bulking. We observed significant differences in 16S rRNA transcript copy numbers, particularly at lower temperatures in winter and spring. The study provides an analysis of the seasonal dynamics of microbial activity variations in activated sludge based on quantifying and sequencing 16S rRNA transcripts. IMPORTANCE Sequencing batch reactors are a common design for wastewater treatment plants, particularly in smaller municipalities, due to their low footprint and ease of operations. However, like for most treatment plants in temperate/continental climates, the microbial community involved in water treatment is highly seasonal and its biological processes can be sensitive to cold temperatures. The seasonality of these microbial communities has been explored primarily in conventional treatment plants and not in sequencing batch reactors. Furthermore, most studies often only address which organisms are present. However, the activated sludge microbial community is very diverse, and it is often hard to discern which organisms are active and which organisms are simply present. In this study, we applied additional sequencing techniques to also address the issues of which organisms are active and which organisms are growing. By addressing these issues, we gained new insights into seasonal microbial populations dynamics and activity patterns affecting wastewater treatment.
Defects in Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes

The formation of defects within additive-manufactured (AM) components is a major concern for critical structural and cyclic load applications. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of defect formation in fusion-based processes is important for prescribing the appropriate process parameters specific to the alloy system and selected processing technique. This article discusses the formation of defects within metal additive manufacturing, namely fusion-based processes and solid-state/sintering processes. Defects observed in fusion-based processes include lack of fusion, keyhole collapse, gas porosity, solidification cracking, solid-state cracking, and surface-connected porosity. The types of defects in solid-state/sintering processes are sintering porosity and improper binder burnout. The article also discusses defect-mitigation strategies, such as postprocess machining, surface treatment, and postprocessing HIP, to eliminate defects detrimental to properties from the as-built condition. The use of noncontact thermal, optical, and ultrasound techniques for inspecting AM components are also considered. The final section summarizes the knowledge gap in our understanding of the defects observed within AM components.
Piercing the veil: Examining demographic and political variables in state FOI Law administration

Abstract State and local governments play an important, and growing, role in everyday lives. The exploratory study positions FOI laws as a central mechanism in providing transparency to these more proximate governments. It is premised on a FOI audit, or field experiment, of 1002 requests across 9 U.S. state laws and 334 jurisdictions. The sample represents a broad cross-section of geographic, demographic and political variables, and the study analyzes these variables predictive and correlative value in determining outcomes, timeliness and communication in FOI requests. The results suggest significance in race and political variables in FOI outcomes and processes. The study's strongest finding was the influence of geographic location, namely the central South of the United States, and its considerable effect on FOI compliance.
Provisioning the Posho: Labor Migration and Working-Class Food Systems on the Early-Colonial Kenyan Coast

Engaging questions about social reproduction, migrant labor, and food provisioning, this article examines the emergence of a working-class food system on the coast of Kenya during the early decades of the twentieth century. Like elsewhere in Africa, labor migrants in Kenya's port city of Mombasa and on nearby plantations were provisioned with food rations, which were part of what Patrick Harries calls a “racial paternalism” that structured many labor relations during the colonial period. The article starts in rural Kenya, but then follows labor migrants to their places of employment to examine the formation of this new food system. In upcountry rural societies, women had primarily produced and then exclusively prepared their communities’ food. However, as migrants, men received a ration (posho) of maize meal or rice as part of their pay, used their cash wages to purchase foodstuffs from nearby markets, and some plantation workers were also able to grow their own vegetables on plots allocated by their employers. After acquiring their food through these wage-labor relations, men then had to cook their meals themselves. In addition the cuisine created by labor migration was one of extreme monotony compared to what these migrants ate in their rural communities, but I also show how food became a point of conflict between management and labor. The article demonstrates how workers successfully pressured their employers to improve the quantity and quality of their rations from the 1910s to the 1920s, while also raising their wages that allowed them to purchase better food. I additionally argue that during this period an “urban” or “rural” context did not fundamentally define how migrant workers acquired their food, as those laboring in both city and countryside received these rations. However, the article concludes by examining how after 1930, economic transformations changed Mombasa's food system so that workers became almost entirely reliant on cash and credit as the way they acquired their daily meals, while paternalism continued to infuse the food systems of rural migrant laborers. In sum, this article is a local study of coastal Kenya that is also concerned with global questions about how food provisioning fits into the social reproduction of working classes in industrial and colonial capitalism.
Practice what you preach: Credibility-enhancing displays and the growth of open science

Abstract How can individual scientists most effectively spread the adoption of open science practices? Engaging in open science practices presents a social dilemma because they are individually costly (given the current incentive schemes in academia) but collectively beneficial (due to production of higher quality and more accessible science). Mechanisms for promoting cooperation in social dilemmas typically rely on normativity—but open science practices are still comparatively rare. Further, individuals may be tempted to dishonestly “virtue signal” due to growing support for open science. We formulate a solution based on the theory of credibility-enhancing displays: advocates who are known to themselves practice the behavior they are advocating for (particularly if they are prestigious) are more effective at convincing others—specifically because their actions provide an honest signal of their belief in the behavior’s value. Thus, advocates for open science practices should find ways to engage in those practices visibly and often.
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication Protocol: Components, Benefits, Challenges, Safety and Machine Learning Applications.

Vehicle to vehicle communication is a new technology that enables vehicles on roads to communicate with each other to reduce traffic, accidents and ensure the safety of people. The main objective of vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol is to create an effective communication system for intelligent transport systems. The advancement in technology made vehicle industries to develop automatic vehicles that can share real-time information and protect each other from accidents. This research paper gives an explanation about the vehicle-to-vehicle communication process, benefits, and the challenges in enabling vehicle-to-vehicle communication as well as safety and machine learning applications.
Transducer Development for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring of Rotating Machinery

Monitoring machine runtime health parameters through nonintrusive means can greatly reduce the up-front time and resource barriers to entry of adding instrumentation to existing plant infrastructure. This work presents the design and evaluation of three transducers as part of a nonintrusive load monitoring system for rotating machinery. Data collected using a custom designed, small-scale induction motor test stand shows the dependence of a large air core RF coil, small RF coil array, and Hall effect sensor outputs on applied motor speeds and mechanical loads (estimated based on generator power). Analysis indicates that the large air core RF coil transducer and the presented method for using nonintrusive collection of induction motor speed and stray flux can statistically measure the difference between any two load points with 95% confidence, if their values differ by 6.6% full scale or greater (±2). Additionally, areas of further research toward generalization of the approach are identified.
Verisig 2.0: Verification of Neural Network Controllers Using Taylor Model Preconditioning

This paper presents Verisig 2.0, a verification tool for closed-loop systems with neural network (NN) controllers. We focus on NNs with tanh/sigmoid activations and develop a Taylor-model-based reachability algorithm through Taylor model preconditioning and shrink wrapping. Furthermore, we provide a parallelized implementation that allows Verisig 2.0 to efficiently handle larger NNs than existing tools can. We provide an extensive evaluation over 10 benchmarks and compare Verisig 2.0 against three state-of-the-art verification tools. We show that Verisig 2.0 is both more accurate and faster, achieving speed-ups of up to 21x and 268x against different tools, respectively.
SU-E-I-87: Calibrating Cherenkov Emission to Match Superficial Dose in Tissue

Purpose: Through Monte Carlo simulations and phantom studies, the dominant factors affecting the calibration of superficial Cherenkov intensity to absolute surface dose was investigated, including tissue optical properties, curvatures, beam properties and imaging angle. Methods: The phasespace files for the TrueBeam system from Varian were used in GAMOS (a GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation toolkit) to simulate surface emission Cherenkov signals and the correlated deposited dose. The parameters examined were: i) different tissue optical properties (skin color from light to dark), ii) beam types (X-ray and electron beam), iii) beam energies, iv) thickness of tissues (2.5 cm to 20 cm), v) SSD (80 cm to 120 cm), vi) field sizes (0.5×0.5 cm2 to 20×20 cm2), vii) entrance/exit sides, viii) curvatures (cylinders with diameters from 2.5 cm to 20cm) and ix) imaging angles (0 to 90 degrees). In a specific case, for any Cherenkov photon emitted from the surface, the original position and direction, final position and direction and energy were recorded. Similar experimental measurements were taken in a range of the most pertinent parameters using tissue phantoms. Results: Combining the dose distribution and sampling sensitivity of Cherenkov emission, quantitatively accurate calibration factors (the amount of radiation dose represented by amore » single Cherenkov photon) were calculated. The data showed relatively large dependence upon different optical properties, curvature, entrance/exit and beam types. For a diffusive surface, the calibration factor was insensitive to imaging angles smaller than 60 degrees. Normalization with the reflectance image was experimentally validated as a simple and accurate method for calibrations of different optical properties. Conclusion: This study sheds light on how and to what extent different conditions affect the calibration from Cherenkov intensity to absolute superficial dose and provides practical solutions to allow quantitative Cherenkov imaging to be used as a dose surrogate for imaging.« less
Ectodomain shedding of nectin-1 regulates the maintenance of dendritic spine density.

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 741–751. Abstract Synaptic remodeling has been postulated as a mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity and cell adhesion molecules are thought to contribute to this process. We examined the role of nectin-1 ectodomain shedding on synaptogenesis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Nectins are Ca2+-independent immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules, involved in cell-cell adherens junctions. Herein, we show that the processing of nectin-1 occurs by multiple endoproteolytic steps both in vivo and in vitro. We identified regions containing two distinct cleavage sites within the ectodomain of nectin-1. By alanine scanning mutagenesis, two point mutations that disrupt nectin-1 ectodomain cleavage events were identified. Expression of these mutants significantly alters the density of dendritic spines. These findings suggest that ectodomain shedding of nectin-1 regulates dendritic spine density and related synaptic functions.
Intergenerational Volunteering and Quality of Life for Persons with Mild‐to‐Moderate Dementia: Results from a 5‐Month Intervention Study in the United States

Objectives: To evaluate whether a structured intergenerational volunteering intervention would enhance quality of life (QOL) for persons with mild to moderate dementia. Methods: Fifteen participants were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in hour-long structured volunteer sessions with a kindergarten class and an older elementary class in alternating weeks during a 5-month interval. Data on cognitive functioning, stress, depression, sense of purpose, and sense of usefulness were collected at baseline and at the close ofthe intervention. Change scores were computed and analyzed for all variables. Results: There was a significant decrease in stress for the intervention group. Conclusions: This study adds preliminary findings that intergenerational volunteering interventions might contribute to QOL for persons with dementia, in part through a reduction in stress. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 19:392–396)
Aggregating multiple probability intervals to improve their calibration

We apply the principles of the “Wisdom of Crowds (WoC)” to improve the calibration of interval estimates. Previous research has documented the significant impact of the WoC on the accuracy of point estimates but only a few studies have examined its effectiveness in aggregating interval estimates. We demonstrate that collective probability intervals obtained by several heuristics can reduce the typical overconfidence of the individual estimates. We re-analyzed data from Glaser, Langer and Weber (2013) and from Soll and Klayman (2004) and applied four heuristics Averaging, Median, Enveloping, Probability averaging-suggested by Gaba, Tsetlin and Winkler (2014) and new heuristics, Averaging with trimming and Quartiles. We used the hit rate and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) to evaluate the quality of the methods. All methods reduced miscalibration to some degree, and Quartiles was the most beneficial securing accuracy and informativeness.
Carcinoma of the ovary: the adjunctive use of irradiation A preliminary report.

Abstract Seventy consecutive patients with carcinoma of the ovary in which all gross tumor had been surgically removed were treated with total abdominal irradiation plus a pelvic "boost." The overall survival rate was 62%. The grade of the neoplasm influenced survival more than stage. Irradiation was a significant adjunct to surgery in stage II and III tumors. Therapy was well tolerated with no major complications.
A Review of “Gateway to Opportunity? A History of the Community College in the United States”

As J. M. Beach's book, Gateway to Opportunity: A History of the Community College in the United States, makes clear, the community college is a thoroughly American idea: idealistic, multitiered, mo...
Analysis of a controlling-element mutation at the adh locus of maize.

ABSTRACT A Ds -suppressed Adh mutant was isolated by the allyl alcohol pollen selection technique. The mutant produces a reduced level of an altered thermolabile enzyme suggesting that the Ds element is inserted in the Adh structural gene. The mutant protein is enzymatically active and does not differ detectably in size from the progenitor protein. A number of possible explanations for the data are presented.
Profitable Technical Trading Rules For The Austrian Stock Market

Two moving average technical trading rules for the Austrian stock market are tested. Results indicate that moving average rules do indeed have predictive power and could discern recurring-price patterns for profitable trading. Results also support the hypothesis that technical trading rules can outperform the buy-and-hold strategy. Break-even one-way trading costs are estimated to be between .61 and 2.36 %. These break-even costs are larger than recent estimates of actual trading costs, implying profitable trading rules for the Austrian stock market.
Two- and three-dimensional microstructural characterization of a super-austenitic stainless steel

Abstract The microstructure of AL-6XN, a commercial super-austenitic stainless steel, was investigated using novel two- and three-dimensional (3D) analysis and characterization techniques. The austenite matrix, the second-phase σ precipitates, and the relationships between them have been analyzed, with particular emphasis on the true 3D microstructure of the material, including grain boundary character, grain morphologies and connectivity. A combination of serial sectioning with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis allowed for reconstruction of individual grains, and definition of all five degrees of freedom of the grain boundary planes. Second-phase σ particle size and morphology, crystallography, composition, potential formation mechanisms, orientation relationships, and coherency with the matrix have been analyzed. These results provide boundary conditions for atomistic calculations of specific grain boundary structures as well as the basis for mesoscale image-based models of mechanical behavior of the microstructures.
Mutual Stabilization of Detergent Resistant Subtilisin and Heat Stable Streptomyces Subtilisin Inhibitor by Complex Formation

The interaction between subtilisin (Sbt) and streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). When a mixture of Sbt and SSI was incubated together and then mixed with SDS-PAGE sample buffer at room temperature, it had abnormal behavior on SDS-PAGE; a single band corresponding to the complex migrated only to the top of the gel. Sequence analysis of the band electroblotted from the gel showed two major N-terminal sequences corresponding to Sbt and SSI. When the same Sbt/SSI mixture was analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography, protein eluted in positions corresponding to the intact forms of Sbt and SSI. Thus, it was concluded that the Sbt/SSI complex is stable upon exposure to SDS and migrates abnormally as a complex during SDS-PAGE; the abnormal migration stems from the inherent resistance of Sbt to SDS.The denaturation of the Sbt/SSI complex was examined by heating it at different temperatures, rapid coo...
Early assessment of normal tissue tolerance of fast neutron beam radiation therapy.

Between September 10, 1973 and May 20, 1975, 94 selected patients were treated with fast neutron beams generated by bombarding an intermediate beryllium target with 21 MeV deuterons. The clinical material included: 58 patients with head and neck cancers; 27 patients with cerebral glioblastoma multiforme; and 9 patients with a variety of other neoplasms. Of the 67 patients treated only with neutron beams, 31 received two increments per week and 36 received three increments per week. The calculated doses in most patients were 1800 rad n..gamma.. (neutrons + gamma components) delivered in 6 weeks. Seventeen patients were treated with two increments of neutron beams and three increments of /sup 60/Co photons weekly to calculated total doses of 780--1050 rad n..gamma.. + 3360--3780 rad /sup 60/Co..gamma.. delivered over 50--54 days. Ten patients were treated with neutron beam boosts of 300--900 rad n..gamma.. in three to seven increments over 8--23 days following conventional radiation therapy. Treatment has been well tolerated, with only 9 of 94 patients not completing the anticipated course. In three of these, treatment was discontinued because of intercurrent problems. Except for those patients with glioblastoma multiforme, treatment complications have not been dose-related. In four patients, complications probably were relatedmore » to persistent cancer. Neutron beam irradiation may have been a factor in the neurologic deterioration of five patients with glioblastoma multiforme who did not complete treatment.« less
Rating Alaska Salmon Protein Concentrate in China

Abstract Intense market competition resulting from the worldwide production of farmed salmon has led to a financial disaster for the Alaska wild salmon capture industry. The need to develop new products and markets for Alaska salmon products is paramount. This study reports on a project to develop an Alaskan salmon protein concentrate derived from Alaskan pink and chum salmon. The relative nutritional characteristics of the salmon protein concentrate made from pink and chum salmon compare favorably to that produced from Chinese aquacultured domestically produced grass carp. Personal surveys of Chinese consumers were conducted in five Chinese cities/regions and survey results indicate a substantial market potential for this product in China.
The major light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II: aspects of its molecular and cell biology

The light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC II) contains one major (LHC IIb) and at least three minor chlorophyll-protein components. The apoproteins of LHC IIb (LHCP) are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytoplasm as a higher molecular weight precursor(s) (pLHCP). Several genes coding for pLHCP have been cloned from various higher plant species. The expression of these genes is dependent upon a variety of factors such as light, the developmental stage of the plastids and the plant. After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, pLHCP is imported into plastids, inserted into thylakoids, processed to its mature form, and assembled into LHC IIb. The pathway of assembly of LHC IIb in the thylakoid membranes is currently being investigated in several laboratories. We present a model that gives some details of the steps in the assembly process. Many of the steps involved in the synthesis and assembly are dependent on light and the stage of plastid development.
Trichomycete gut fungi from tropical regions of the world

Fifty-nine species of gut fungi in the orders Harpellales and Asellariales, Class Trichomycetes, have been collected in eight tropical regions of the world, some species occurring in more than one geographic region. Regarding the Harpellales, the rather low number of taxa, compared to reports in more temperate localities, is due primarily to relatively few collections in the tropics, as well as the usually warmer waters found in tropical regions that often have a lower species richness of potential immature insect hosts. Asellariales in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats, likewise, have been seldom inventoried in the tropics. Nonetheless, it is clear that the tropics are fertile grounds for discovering new genera and species, and future investigations will undoubtedly reveal many new taxa that will lead to a better understanding of the evolution and biogeography of Trichomycetes.
Polymer Structure and Metal Ion Selectivity in Silica Polyamine Composites Modified with Sodium Chloroacetate and Nitriloacetic Acid (NTA) Anhydride

Previously, silica polyamine composite (SPC) materials (BP-1 and WP-1) containing amine chelating groups were prepared using two polyamines, polyallylamine (PAA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI). In this paper the amine ligands of BP-1 and WP-1 were modified with chloroacetate, yielding the new SPC materials BP-2 and WP-2. We have found that the acetate groups were bound to the amine groups to a greater extent on the SPC prepared using PAA (BP-1) relative to the SPC prepared with PEI (WP-1). BP-2 was selective for Cu2+ over other divalent metal ions from polymetallic solutions in the pH range of 1 to 3. In contrast, WP-2 was selective for Cu2+ over other divalent metal ions at pH 1 only and coloaded significant amounts of Ni2+ at pH 2 and pH 3. Thus, polyamine structure impacts the metal selectivity of the resultant SPC materials, BP-2 and WP-2. Two novel SPCs were prepared from nitriloacetic acid (NTA) anhydride using BP-1 and WP-1, yielding BP-NT and WP-NT, respectively. The resultant materials possess a un...
A Comparison Between Improvers and Non-Improvers Among Children with Anemia Enrolled in the WIC Program

Objectives: To investigate differences between children ages one to five enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in the state of Texas whose anemia status improved and those whose anemia status did not improve. Methods: The study involved administration of a survey to a randomly selected stratified sample of parents and guardians of WIC children residing in the eleven public health regions in Texas. Subjects volunteered to complete the survey during a scheduled WIC appointment. A total of 459 usable surveys were completed. Fifty-one percent of the surveys were completed by parents/guardians of children classified as anemia improvers and 49% were completed by parents/guardians of children classified as anemia non-improvers. Results and Conclusions: A majority of the respondents were the child's parent (97%). Most of the children were Hispanic/Latino (77%). More non-improvers than improvers were of young age (p < 0.01), had a parent/guardian who was 18–30 years of age (p < 0.01), lived in a household with four or more other children (p = 0.05) and were from households with a very low income (p = 0.03). Compared to improvers, non-improvers ate fewer snacks (p = 0.01) and a greater percentage never consumed dried fruits (p < 0.01). Knowledge level of the parents/guardians was similar for the two groups. A high percentage of parents/guardians of non-improvers incorrectly believed that their child's condition had improved. WIC staff and other public health educators can utilize these findings to identify those children with anemia who are at higher risk for non-improvement.
REGULATION OF PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE ACTIVITY BY CITRATE IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC MUSCLE.

Abstract The phosphorylation of glucose is inhibited in heart ( Morgan et al. , 1959 ), skeletal muscle ( Kipnis and Cori, 1960 ), and liver ( Chernick et al. , 1951 ; Renold et al. , 1954 ) of diabetic rats. In muscle this inhibition can be explained, in part at least, by a depression of phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity ( Park et al. 1961 ), and the consequent rise in the tissue level of glucose-6-phosphate, an inhibitor of hexokinase ( Crane and Sols, 1955 ). In the isolated heart of normal rats, inhibition of PFK activity and glucose phosphorylation can be induced by perfusing with fatty acids and ketone bodies ( Newsholme et al. , 1962 ; Bowman, 1962 ), substances which are elevated in the diabetic state. The present study shows that alloxan-diabetes in the rat and fatty acid perfusion of the rat heart lead to an increase in tissue citrate, and that this substance is a direct inhibitor of PFK.
Some Vow and Oath Formulas in the New Testament

The texts of Matthew 15:5 and Mark 8:12 have both been difficult passages to understand, translate, and interpret. Mt. 15:5 seems to be a minced oath or vow taken by the sacred object, קךבז; whereas Mk. 8:12 resembles an oath administered by another and accepted by the oath-taker. Mt. 15:5 is the more difficult of the two and will here be examined first in comparison with Rabbinic and Old Testament literary forms. The insights gained from this study will then be transferred to Mk. 8:12.
Inactivation of aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases by amino acid chloromethylketones

Abstract Several amino acid chloromethylketones having the general structure were synthesized with the intent of labeling the active sites of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Of the compounds prepared, only the valyl chloromethylketone was sufficiently stable in pH 7.3 buffer for extensive inactivation studies. The l -valyl chloromethylketone caused little inactivation of the lysyl- and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases, but rapidly inactivated the valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases. The amino acid acceptor activity of leucyl-tRNA synthetase was inhibited approximately ten times as rapidly as that of the valyl-tRNA synthetase. The inhibition appears to be irreversible since neither dialysis against buffer nor mercaptoethanol, which was found to destroy the inhibitor, caused reactivation of the enzymes. Both d -valyl chloromethylketone and chloroacetone were found to inhibit the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, although the rate of inactivation by chloroacetone was significantly lower than for the valyl analogs. Dissociation constants of complexes between valyl-tRNA synthetase and l - and d -valyl chloromethylketone were 20 and 100 mM, respectively. Chloroacetone did not exhibit saturation kinetics with this enzyme. With the leucyl-tRNA synthetases, l - and d -valyl chloromethylketone and chloroacetone were found to have dissociation constants of 7.5, 4.5, and 103 mM, respectively. The valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases were protected from inactivation by their natural substrates (cognate amino acid, ATP + Mg 2+ , or both). These data suggest that l -valyl chloromethylketone inhibits by reaction at the active sites of the valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases.
Raman scattering by polarization waves in uniaxial crystals

Abstract The essential properties of polarization waves in uniaxial crystals are briefly reviewed. A simple model for the electronic system is used to treat Raman scattering of coherent light by these polarization waves. The structure and frequence dependence of deformation scattering and polar scattering are discussed. Measurements with improved precision of the width, intensity, and position of all the Raman-active lines in α-quartz are reported. The theoretical discussion is applied to study the data presented. The Raman tensor elements and the effect of the long range electric-dipole forces in α-quartz are evaluated.
The dopaminergic and antidopaminergic effects of some aporphines.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to elucidate a mechanism by which two aporphines, apomorphine and N-n-propylnoraporphine, (i) produce antagonistic effects to levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients and to dopamine-mediated symptoms in other extrapyramidal disorders, and (ii) lose some of their pharmacological effects with repeated administration (tachyphylaxis). The evidence shows that unlike other aminergic drugs which also show tachyphylaxis, the dopaminergic effects of apomorphine and N-n-propylnoraporphine are not mediated through a presynaptic, dopamine-releasing mechanism but through direct stimulation or dopamine receptors. Apocodeine, the methylated metabolite of apomorphine, exhibited weak dopaminergic effects but antagonized the dopaminergic effects of coadministered apomorphine on several behavioral tests and on the striatal adenylate cyclase of intact mice. It is concluded that the tachyphylaxis of both these aporphines and their antagonism to dopaminergic effects in patients might result from the accumulation at dopamine receptors of methylated metabolites of these aporphines which possess antidopaminergic properties.
Seeing the light: integrating genome engineering with double-strand break repair

The two-color traffic light reporter reads out what pathway is used to repair a DNA break and will increase insights into genome engineering.
Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly of Hybrid Bridged Silsesquioxane Film and Particulate Mesophases with Integral Organic Functionality

Since the discovery of surfactant-templated silica mesophases, the development of organic modification schemes to impart functionality to the pore surfaces has received much attention. Most recently, using the general class of compounds referred to as bridged silsesquioxanes (RO){sub 3}Si-R{prime}-Si(OR){sub 3} (Scheme 1), three research groups have reported the formation of a new class of poly(bridgedsilsesquioxane) mesophases BSQMs with integral organic functionality. In contrast to previous hybrid mesophases where organic ligands or molecules are situated on pore surfaces, this class of materials necessarily incorporates the organic constituents into the framework as molecularly dispersed bridging ligands. Although it is anticipated that this new mesostructural organization should result in synergistic properties derived from the molecular scale mixing of the inorganic and organic components, few properties of BSQMs have been measured. In addition samples prepared to date have been in the form of granular precipitates, precluding their use in applications like membranes, fluidics, and low k dielectric films needed for all foreseeable future generations of microelectronics.
Medical Device–Associated Infections in the Long-Term Care Setting

Indwelling medical devices are increasingly used in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). These devices place residents at a heightened risk for infection and colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. Understanding the risk and pathogenesis of infection associated with commonly used medical devices can help facilitate appropriate therapy. Programs to minimize unnecessary use of indwelling medical devices in residents and maximize staff adherence to infection control and maintenance procedures are essential features of a LTCF infection prevention program. LTCFs that provide care for large numbers of residents with indwelling medical devices should routinely perform surveillance for device-related infections and develop systems for assessing the safety and efficacy of newly introduced device-related technology.
Penetration of the blood-brain-cerebral spinal fluid barrier by DDT

Adult male and female rats were orally dosed with 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg of p, p′-DDT. When convulsions occurred, samples of cerebral spinal fluid, blood, and brain were collected and assayed for p,p′-DDT. Means of 0.12, 3.4, and 16 ppm, respectively, were found. Neither the sex of the animal nor the dosage given affected the concentrations present in these three tissues at the time of convulsions.
Miocene Biostratigraphy of Southwestern Santa Cruz Island, California: ABSTRACT

A 2,265-ft conformable sequence of marine conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone crops out along continuous sea-cliff exposures on southwestern Santa Cruz Island. Disconformably overlying rocks of late Eocene age, the Vaqueros Sandstone, the Rincon Formation, the San Onofre Breccia, and the Monterey Formation contain mollusks and foraminifers, which indicate the presence of a Miocene sequence of Zemorrian through Mohnian (?) ages. The southwestern corner of the island is structurally represented by a doubly plunging anticline trending approximately N40°W. Outcrops of the Vaqueros, Rincon, and San Onofre formations are on both the southwestern and northeastern limbs of the fold enveloping a Paleocene-Eocene core. The Monterey Formation is exposed only on the southwestern limb and, although this unit is not lithologically identical to the typically siliceous Monterey Formation on the mainland, it can be correlated with these mainland exposures on the basis of fossil Foraminifera. Paleoecologic and paleotopographic studies based on field relations and foraminiferal paleoecology indicate that the shallow part of the basin was on the east or northeast, and that the deeper areas extended westward and perhaps sou hward. End_of_Article - Last_Page 469------------
Age-Related Changes in Adenylate and Guanylate Cyclases from Rhesus Muscle: Sensitivity to Positive Modulators

Age-Related Changes in Adenylate and Guanylate Cyclases from Rhesus Muscle: Sensitivity to Positive Modulators