cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective alterations of NMDAR function and plasticity in D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell following chronic intermittent ethanol exposure.

Abstract A major mouse model widely adopted in recent years to induce pronounced ethanol intake is the ethanol vapor model known as “CIE” or “Chronic Intermittent Ethanol.” One critical question concerning this model is whether the rapid induction of high blood ethanol levels for such short time periods is sufficient to induce alterations in N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function which may contribute to excessive ethanol intake. In this study, we determined whether such short term intermittent ethanol exposure modulates NMDAR function as well as other prominent electrophysiological properties and the expression of plasticity in both D1 (D1+) and D2 (D1−) dopamine receptor expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. To distinguish between the two subtypes of MSNs in the NAc we treated Drd1a-TdTomato transgenic mice with CIE vapor and electrophysiological recordings were conducted 24 h after the last vapor exposure. To investigate CIE induced alterations in plasticity, long-term depression (LTD) was induced by pairing low frequency stimulation (LFS) with post synaptic depolarization. In ethanol naive mice, LFS induced synaptic depression (LTD) was apparent exclusively in D1+ MSNs. Whereas in slices prepared from CIE treated mice, LFS induced synaptic potentiation (LTP) in D1+ MSNs. Furthermore, following CIE exposure, LFS now produced LTD in D1− MSNs. We found that CIE exposure induced an increase in excitability in D1+ MSNs with no change in D1− MSNs. After CIE, we found a significant increase in spontaneous EPSCs (sEPSCs) frequency in D1+ but not D1− MSNs suggesting alterations in baseline α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) mediated signaling. CIE induced changes in NMDAR function were measured using the NMDA/AMPA ratio and input-output curves of isolated NMDAR currents. We observed a significant increase in NMDAR function in D1+ MSNs and a decrease in D1− MSNs after ethanol vapor exposure. The reversal of NMDAR function may account for the CIE induced alterations in the expression of plasticity. The cell type specific alterations in excitatory signaling in the NAc shell may constitute an important neuroadaptation necessary for the expression of increased ethanol consumption induced by intermittent ethanol vapor exposure. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Ionotropic glutamate receptors’.
Media Coverage of Political Scandals: Addressing Concerns about Personalization

Scandal has been a part of civil society since time immemorial. Mediated scandals have grown in frequency and prominence over the 20th and into the 21st centuries as market-driven journalism has sought to attract large audiences to their news coverage. Politics and politicians provide scandals on a regular basis. Research on politicians’ personal misdeeds has fueled the greater part of scandal coverage and have given rise to highly critical analysis of media “feeding frenzies,” (i.e. highly negative, personalized and sensational stories). This paper examines media coverage of political scandals. We ask whether or not the personalization so notable in the coverage of individual scandals typifies political scandals as well. Our concern is that too much attention to individuals will crowd out the investigation of institutional failures and discourage efforts at political reform. Drawing on previous literature on scandals and attribution of blame, we hypothesize that discussion of personal and institutional factors in news coverage of scandals widens or restricts the scope of debate. Analyzing coverage of Abu Ghraib, Benghazi, NSA/Snowden, and Sexual Assault in the Military, we find relatively uniform treatment of these scandals across news outlets. The coverage does, however, include both personal and institutional levels of debate. The media consensus is moderated by partisan media (such as FOX news) and non-U.S. based outlets. News coverage in partisan and overseas sources helps provide audiences with a different slant on political scandals.
Frequency analysis of time-varying periodic linear systems by using modulo p transforms and its applications to the computer-aided of switched networks

This paper introduces a theory of modulop Laplace andZ-transforms which can adequately analyze any time-varying periodically switching system in frequency domain, in particular, switched-capacitor SC networks with nonideal operational amplifiers. Formulae for inverse and direct modulop transforms are included. Since the regular Laplace andZ-transform fail to be adequate for a nonideal sampled system, this new tool can be effectively used instead. An extremely efficient and fast program is developed based on the general theory. This program has been used by the author for the analysis of SC networks with nonideal operational amplifiers and requires less time for calculations compared with conventional time-domain methods. Furthermore, closed-form solutions for the nonideal transfer functions are given. The presented algorithm permits us to calculate the transfer function in partial fraction form and thus stability can be verified immediately.
Developing and evaluating polygenic risk prediction models for stratified disease prevention

Knowledge of genetics and its implications for human health is rapidly evolving in accordance with recent events, such as discoveries of large numbers of disease susceptibility loci from genome-wide association studies, the US Supreme Court ruling of the non-patentability of human genes, and the development of a regulatory framework for commercial genetic tests. In anticipation of the increasing relevance of genetic testing for the assessment of disease risks, this Review provides a summary of the methodologies used for building, evaluating and applying risk prediction models that include information from genetic testing and environmental risk factors. Potential applications of models for primary and secondary disease prevention are illustrated through several case studies, and future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
The Collective Model

The bulk of the aforegoing research has been concerned with deriving and evaluating approximations to the stochastic model for a single tumor, whereas in Chapter 4 we originally presented a model for collective tumor growth, i.e., the growth of (possibly) many tumors in a single tissue, under a Poisson rate of initiation given in the first equation of (1). Here we derive some properties of the collective model and discuss the complexities of its solution.
David Oliver: The forgotten problem of incontinence

My local council has to find £18m (€22.3m; $24.7m) of savings by closing libraries, day centres, and public toilets.1 Residents have organised to keep one toilet open: they know its value.2 It’s happening throughout the United Kingdom: even in my native Manchester, which the council says is “a great place to grow old,”3 only one public toilet remains.4 We report isolation and loneliness as having the most impact on wellbeing as we age.5 Fear of incontinence can be a major factor in trapping people in their own homes.6 And incontinence is a …
Absolute Neutron Polarization from Measurements of AZZ(0°) in the \( T{\left( {\vec d,\vec n} \right)^4}He \) Reaction

In a contribution to the Third Polarization Symposium, Ohlsen, Keaton, and GaTl1) reported that certain properties of the spin structure of the \( T{\left( {\vec d,\vec n} \right)^4}He \) reaction permitted a calculation of the longitudinal neutron polarization from the zero-degree analyzing power Azz(0°) and the deuteron beam polarization.
The tissue composition of Montastraea franksi during a natural bleaching event in the Florida Keys

In this study, we used a correlative approach to (1) test for an association between bleaching and host tissue composition during a natural bleaching event, and (2) assess whether bleaching susceptibility varies between years. In August 1997, Montastraea franksi at 15-m depth on Conch Reef, Florida, bleached and the severity of the response varied among individuals. Seventy-five randomly selected colonies were quantified for bleaching using both an ordinal scale, assigned by eye, and a continuous scale, assessed using red, green, and blue (RGB) spectral analysis of photographs. Zooxanthella density and chlorophyll a content were evaluated as measures of bleaching, and coral tissue was analyzed for glycerol, free amino acids (FAA), protein, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs); collectively, these are described as the "tissue composition." In 1998, most of the same coral colonies were analyzed for color and zooxanthella density to determine whether colony color in 1997 was correlated with color in 1998. In 1997, colonies of M. franksi that were ranked by color differed significantly in RGB brightness, zooxanthella density, and chlorophyll a content, but not in tissue composition. Similarly, a multivariate test for a linear relationship between color and tissue composition did not reveal a significant association. Analyses of corals in 1997 and 1998 revealed a significant positive relationship between color in both years (i.e., the same colonies were similarly colored in each year). These results are discussed in the context of the temporal scale of the sampling regime, the nature of the measured traits, and the adaptive bleaching hypothesis.
Precautionary practices for administering anesthetic gases: A survey of physician anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologist assistants

ABSTRACTScavenging systems and administrative and work practice controls for minimizing occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases have been recommended for many years. Anesthetic gases and vapors that are released or leak out during medical procedures are considered waste anesthetic gases. To better understand the extent recommended practices are used, the NIOSH Health and Safety Practices Survey of Healthcare Workers was conducted in 2011 among members of professional practice organizations representing anesthesia care providers including physician anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and anesthesiologist assistants. This national survey is the first to examine self-reported use of controls to minimize exposure to waste anesthetic gases among anesthesia care providers. The survey was completed by 1,783 nurse anesthetists, 1,104 physician anesthesiologists, and 100 anesthesiologist assistants who administered inhaled anesthetics in the seven days prior to the survey. Working in hospitals and outpa...
Maximum sterile barrier

1. Video 1 depicts a neonatology fellow preparing for a procedure that requires a sterile barrier. Of the following, the step(s) that this fellow performs INCORRECTLY is (are): 1. Pumping the soap dispenser with his foot 2. Drying his hands after washing 3. Opening the package of gloves 4. Donning a sterile gown 5. Placing gloves on his hands 2. The fellow then meets with his attending physician, who reviews the steps of maximizing a sterile barrier before a procedure. The fellow demonstrates these new skills to his attending physician (Video 2), who is quite pleased with the fellow’s improved technique except for ONE step. This incorrect step is: 1. Pumping the soap dispenser with his foot 2. Drying his hands after washing 3. Donning a sterile gown 4. Placing gloves on his hands 5. Tying the gown Video 1. Click here to view the video. Video 2. Click here to view the video. 1. Answers B, C, E. Three steps were performed incorrectly in Video 1. These were: drying his hands after washing, opening the package of gloves, and placing the gloves on his hands. 2. Answer E. The fellow did not use gloved hands to tie his gown. A sterile barrier is required for many neonatal procedures, including the placement of …
Screened Charge Carrier Transport in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films.

While organometal halide perovskites are promising for a variety of optoelectronic applications, the morphological and compositional defects introduced by solution processing techniques have hindered efforts at understanding their fundamental properties. To provide a detailed picture of the intrinsic carrier transport properties of methylammonium lead iodide without contributions from defects such as grain boundaries, we utilized pump–probe microscopy to measure diffusion in individual crystalline domains of a thin film. Direct imaging of carrier transport in 25 individual domains yields diffusivities between 0.74 and 1.77 cm2 s–1, demonstrating single-crystal-like, long-range transport characteristics in a thin film architecture. We also examine the effects of excitation density on carrier diffusivity, finding that transport is nearly independent of photoexcited carrier density between 6 × 1017 cm–3 and 4 × 1019 cm–3. Transport modeling of the observed density independence suggests that strong carrier-ph...
Why a Bodily Resurrection?: The Bodily Resurrection and the Mind/Body Relation

The doctrine of the resurrection says that God will resurrect the body that lived and died on earth—that the post-mortem body will be numerically identical to the pre-mortem body. After exegetically supporting this claim, and defending it from a recent objection, we ask: supposing that the doctrine of the resurrection is true, what are the implications for the mind-body relation? Why would God resurrect the body that lived and died on earth? We compare three accounts of the mind-body relation that have been applied to the doctrine of the resurrection: substance dualism, constitutionalism, and animalism. We argue that animalism offers a superior explanation for the necessity of the resurrection: since human persons just are their bodies, life after death requires resurrection of one’s body. We conclude (by inference to the best explanation) that those endorsing the doctrine of the resurrection should be animalists.
The paradox of black patriotism: double consciousness

ABSTRACTThis study explores the double consciousness of black American patriotism in the modern era marked by publicized police killings of blacks, widespread antiracism protests, and concern for racially motivated violence. This analysis provides timely ethnographic insights into black identities that vividly captures black voices; fuses classical and contemporary race theories and extends them into the literature on patriotism; and proposes a model for understanding how double consciousness is negotiated in personal identity construction. I conducted twenty-two in-depth interviews of black Americans. I explored three questions: (1) how they interpret patriotism; (2) whether their interpretations affirm or defy their black identity; and (3) how tensions between race and nation manifest in their patriotic identity development. Many denounced hegemonic patriotism and constructed alternative patriotic brands. These brands are situated on an “Axis of Identities”, which is comprised of four profiles: the byst...
For one or many? Tie strength and the impact of broadcasted vs. narrowcasted advice

AbstractConsumers’ and marketers’ growing reliance on digital and social media has significantly influenced the nature of communications. Importantly, new communication mediums have made it easier for communicators to provide recommendations to a single individual (i.e., a one-to-one communication known as narrowcasting) as well as to large numbers of individuals (i.e., a one-to-many communication known as broadcasting). The current research assesses the impact of advice scope (either narrowcasted or broadcasted advice) on consumers’ likelihood of taking advice. Across two experiments, we demonstrate that the acceptance of broadcasted or narrowcasted advice is dependent upon tie strength between the advisor and the advisee. Furthermore, we highlight the role of psychological reactance in consumers’ response to narrowcasted and broadcasted advice. Our results extend prior research on consumer advice utilization and identify situations where broadcasted advice may be more persuasive than narrowcasted advice.
A Compact, Wide Field-of-View Gradient-Index Lens Antenna for Millimeter-Wave MIMO on Mobile Devices

Lens-based beam-forming antennas offer a low- power, low-cost alternative to hybrid beamforming antenna arrays. They are ideally suited to millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems due to their native beam-space operation and angular selectivity and minimal dependence of high-speed data converters. We discuss the design of a compact and low-cost lens-based beam-forming antenna for small form-factor platforms such as small-cells and mobile devices in 5G wireless networks. We discuss a gradient-index design method and low-cost fabrication method based on perforated dielectrics. We discuss the need for high-contrast permittivity ranges to achieve wide scan angles which are essential for leveraging the full capability of massive MIMO systems (e.g., full stream capacity). Finally, we show that by using an appropriately designed perforated medium, gradient-index lenses with low minimum permittivity of 1.25 can achieve a maximum beam- steering angle of 44 degrees. We suggest that such an approach can enable practical low-loss, low- cost, and compact beam-steering lens antennas for millimeter-wave MIMO with wide beam-steering angles.
Smartphone Pressure Collection and Bias Correction Using Machine Learning

AbstractOver half a billion smartphones worldwide are now capable of measuring atmospheric pressure, providing a pressure network of unprecedented density and coverage. This paper describes novel approaches for the collection, quality control, and bias correction of such smartphone pressures. An Android app was developed and distributed to several thousand users, serving as a test bed for onboard pressure collection and quality-control strategies. New methods of pressure collection were evaluated, with a focus on reducing and quantifying sources of observation error and uncertainty. Using a machine learning approach, complex relationships between pressure bias and ancillary sensor data were used to predict and correct future pressure biases over a 4-week period from 10 November to 5 December 2016. This approach, in combination with simple quality-control checks, produced an 82% reduction in the average smartphone pressure bias, substantially improving the quality of smartphone pressures and facilitating t...
Insights of Afro-Latin American Archaeology

On September 15 and 16, 2017, the Afro-Latin American Research Institute at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University hosted a workshop of 20 archaeologists from across the Americas and the Caribbean. Workshop proceedings demonstrate how a focus on Afro-Latin America challenges crucial concerns in archaeology. Likewise, workshop discussions showed the transformative contributions that archaeology makes to Afro-Latin American studies, including deeper understanding of the dynamics of African diaspora, racialization, colonialism, early modern economies, social hierarchies and slavery, consumerism, aesthetic interventions, and contemporary struggles for sovereignty.
Association of Celecoxib Use With Decreased Opioid Requirements After Head and Neck Cancer Surgery With Free Tissue Reconstruction.

Importance Head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery with free tissue reconstruction is associated with considerable postoperative pain. Opioids are typically used but can have adverse effects, including respiratory depression and high rates of dependence and addiction. Safe alternative analgesics that minimize opioid requirements are beneficial in HNC surgery. Objective To investigate the association of celecoxib use with opioid requirements in the postoperative setting after HNC surgery with free tissue reconstruction. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective, matched-cohort study of 147 patients who had undergone HNC surgery with free tissue reconstruction between June 2015 and Sept 2017 in an academic cancer hospital. Patients were separated into groups based on whether celecoxib had been used perioperatively or not. These groups were then matched by stage and site resulting in 102 included participants (51 celecoxib, 51 control). Main Outcomes and Measures Oral, intravenous (IV), and total morphine equivalents used in the postoperative setting per patient per day. Results There were 51 patients in the celecoxib cohort (19 women and 32 men) and 51 patients in the control cohort (20 women and 31 men) who met inclusion criteria after clinicopathologic data were matched. The mean age of the celecoxib and control cohorts was 61.6 years and 66.1 years, respectively. Treatment with celecoxib in the postoperative setting was associated with decreased mean use of opioids in oral (mean difference, 9.9 mg/d; 95% CI, −1.2 to 21.1), IV (mean difference, 3.9 mg/d; 95% CI, 1.0-6.8), and total (mean difference, 14 mg/d; 95% CI, 2.6-25.4) amount of morphine equivalents per day. When patients were matched to surgical procedure, the effect was more significant. Patients who underwent composite oral resection and received celecoxib had decreased opioid use in oral (mean difference, 25 mg/d; 95% CI, 12.5-25.4), IV (mean difference, 3.4 mg/d; 95% CI, 1.5-5.5), and total (mean difference, 28.4 mg/d; 95% CI, 15.7-41.5) amounts compared with those in the control group. There was no significant difference in complication rates between the 2 cohorts. Conclusions and Relevance Use of celecoxib after head and neck cancer surgery and reconstruction with free tissue transfer was associated with a decrease in oral, IV, and total opioid requirements without increasing surgical or flap-related complications.
High versus low PEEP in ARDS.

to the editor: I wonder how the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network study (July 22 issue) 1 would have looked if the recruitment maneuvers had been performed in all 276 patients who were assigned to a higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). These patients had a clinical outcome similar to that in the lower-PEEP group, although they had less favorable baseline characteristics (older age, a lower ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen [PaO 2 :FiO 2 ], a higher rate of primary acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] or acute lung injury [i.e., that due to pneumonia or aspiration], and a higher Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation score). The investigators stopped using the maneuvers after the first 80 patients because the “subsequent mean increase in arterial oxygenation was small and transient.” Is it correct, however, to assess the validity of this decision simply on the basis of a possible improvement in oxygenation? Improved oxygenation depends not only on an increase in aerated lung regions but also on ventilation–perfusion matching and other factors. An improved clinical outcome probably does not depend solely on improved oxygenation. Were there any effects on biologic markers after the recruitment maneuvers, independent of improved oxygenation?
Preoperative Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Slashes Risk Score in Advanced Structural Heart Disease

Background Cardiac surgery for structural heart disease has poor outcomes in the presence of cardiogenic shock or advanced heart failure. We applied venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to restore end-organ function and resuscitate patients before high-risk cardiac operation. Methods Twelve patients with cardiogenic shock and end-organ failure were evaluated for cardiac surgery. The average Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality risk was 24% ± 13%. Patients were peripherally cannulated on ECMO for 7 ± 4 days, before undergoing operation for prosthetic mitral stenosis (n = 4), ruptured papillary muscle (n = 4), ischemic ventricular septal defect (n = 3), or severe aortic stenosis (n = 1). Results Mean age was 61 ± 8 years. Comorbidities included acute renal failure (n = 11), inotrope requirement (n = 10), intraaortic balloon pump (n = 8), severe acidosis (n = 6), high-dose vasopressor requirement (n = 8), and cardiac arrest (n = 1). With ECMO support, vasopressor requirement, central venous pressure, creatinine, lactate, pH, pulmonary hypertension, and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality risk and EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) II all improved significantly. Care was withdrawn in 1 patient on ECMO with initially unknown anoxic brain injury. No patients required dialysis at discharge. Complications included 1 permanent stroke. All operative patients survived to hospital discharge. Average length of follow-up was 420 days, with 2 patient deaths at 76 and 230 days and 6 patients surviving over 1 year. Conclusions ECMO can be used as a bridge to heart valve or septal defect surgery in severely decompensated patients. Through recovery of end-organ function, ECMO may allow surgical correction of structural heart disease in patients considered inoperable or convert a salvage situation to an elective operation.
Disaggregating Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (AANHOPI) Adult Tobacco Use: Findings from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013–2014

Tobacco studies often combine data for Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (AANHOPI) subgroups, masking subgroup differences. This study describes tobacco use (ever use and past 30-day use) among some disaggregated AANHOPI subgroups. Data are from Wave 1 of the 2013–2014 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of civilian non-institutionalized adults and youth in the USA. The dataset contains a sample of 32,320 adults, of which 1623 identified as being of AANHOPI origin. Asian Americans further identified as being Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, or other Asian. Those who identified as Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamarro, Samoan, and Other Pacific Islander were combined into an NHOPI group. Tobacco measures included ever and past 30-day use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars (traditional cigar, cigarillos, filtered cigar), hookah, and smokeless tobacco including snus pouches, and pipe tobacco. Unadjusted and adjusted estimates for tobacco use are reported by AANHOPI membership and sex. In general, Asian Indians and Chinese had the lowest and NHOPI had the highest tobacco use prevalence compared to other AANHOPI subgroups. Males generally had higher prevalence compared to females. Prevalence varied by AANHOPI membership and tobacco product. Adjusted prevalence estimates were higher compared to unadjusted estimates for many subgroups, attenuating some unadjusted differences found between AANHOPI subgroups. Tobacco use varies by AANHOPI subgroup and product type. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses can be conducted as tobacco use differences in AANHOPI subgroups may be attributed to socio-economic status differences. Treating these distinct subgroups as a monolithic group may contribute to reliance on tobacco prevention and control strategies that may have limited impact on specific subgroups.
Toxicity and physiological disposition of sodium p-N-glycolylarsanilate

Abstract The acute intravenous LD50 of SNGA to mice has been established as 5850 ± 360 mg/kg, and the oral LD50 as 22500 ± 1540 mg/kg, based on deaths within 24 hours. The acute ALD50 for the cat is 1060 mg/kg. SNGA is only slightly absorbed from the digestive tract of the rat; urinary excretion is 5–10%, and fecal excretion is 90–95% of the dose, following oral administration. Following parenteral administration to cat or rat, the urinary excretion is about 75% of the dose (for the limited periods of observation used). Biliary excretion in the cat is only about 1% of the dose, following i.v. administration, and fecal excretion in the rat following i.p. administration is 3–7% of the dose. Some of the parenterally administered arsenical is retained in the blood of the rat. Following oral administration to man, the 72-hour urinary excretion was 3–5% of the dose, and fecal excretion was 89–96%. In one of three subjects more than 99% of the dose was excreted within 72 hours, and in the other two the total recovery exceeded 90%. There is no appreciable conversion of SNGA to arsanilic acid, in either man or rat.
What's in a name? Branding of online mental health programming for university students.

Objective University students experience many help-seeking barriers, and thus not all students who could benefit from mental health services enroll in them. This study aimed to examine student enrollment in response to strategic marketing of an online prevention program for anxiety and depression. Method Data were collected from students at two universities during recruitment phases for the online program. The program was branded as either "The Happiness Challenge" or "ReBoot Camp" through parallel sets of recruitment materials using language intended to address help-seeking barrier concerns (e.g., stigma, inaccessibility). The yielded samples were examined for unaddressed psychological need rates, demographic composition, and differential enrollment by student subgroups into either program brand. Results Replicated results between Study 1 (n = 651 students; 71.2% undergraduate, 80.3% female, 27.9% White non-Hispanic) and Study 2 (n = 718 students; 60.6% undergraduate, 73.4% female, 53.2% White non-Hispanic) showed that more than a third of students qualified as having "unmet need" for services, enrollment was disproportionately self-identified as female and Asian students, Asian students were less likely to report prior service use and more likely to be categorized as having "unmet need," and ReBoot Camp was disproportionately selected by male students. Conclusion Findings suggest that recruitment effectively reached students with unaddressed mental health need, including high enrollment by Asian students, who historically seek services less often. Additionally, important gender differences emerged in preferences for program name. These findings could inform how to market services in university settings to reach more students, including those from underserved subgroups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
A Group Approach to Fostering Self-Cohesion and Developmental Progression in Female Adolescent Group Home Residents

In this project, the applicability of David Wexler's (1991a,b) multi-model Program for Innovative Self Management (PRISM) to adolescent girls in group home placement was explored. The model is based on self-psychological and developmental theory. Originally developed for use in adolescent inpatient settings, PRISM utilizes cognitive-behavioral and relaxation techniques to equip the acting out adolescents with skills to better manage a wide array of emotions and behaviors. A modified version of PRISM was conducted in a group psychotherapeutic format with eighteen residents of two group homes, ages 14 to 18. The study reflected that the participants embraced the model and applied the skills with encouraging results. Recommendations for future research in this area are presented.
Clinical Evaluation of Cingulum Bundle Connectivity for Neurosurgical Hypothesis Development.

BACKGROUND The cingulum bundle (CB) has long been a target for psychiatric neurosurgical procedures, but with limited understanding of the brain networks being impacted. Recent advances in human tractography could provide a foundation to better understand the effects of neurosurgical interventions on the CB; however, the reliability of tractography remains in question. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of different tractography techniques, derived from typical, human diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data, to characterize CB connectivity described in animal models. This will help validate the clinical applicability of tractography, and generate insight on current and future neurosurgical targets for psychiatric disorders. METHODS Connectivity of the CB in 15 healthy human subjects was evaluated using DWI-based tractography, and compared to tract-tracing findings from nonhuman primates. Brain regions of interest were defined to coincide with the animal model. Tractography was performed using 3 techniques (FSL probabilistic, Camino probabilistic, and Camino deterministic). Differences in connectivity were assessed, and the CB segment with the greatest connectivity was determined. RESULTS Each tractography technique successfully reproduced the animal tracing model with a mean accuracy of 72% (68-75%, P < .05). Additionally, one region of the CB, the rostral dorsal segment, had significantly greater connectivity to associated brain structures than all other CB segments (P < .05). CONCLUSION Noninvasive, in vivo human analysis of the CB, using clinically available DWI for tractography, consistently reproduced the results of an animal tract-tracing model. This suggests that tractography of the CB can be used for clinical applications, which may aid in neurosurgical targeting for psychiatric disorders.
Damage Assessment Using Hyperchaotic Excitation and Nonlinear Prediction Error

The idea of damage assessment based on using a steady-state chaotic excitation and state space embedding, proposed during the recent few years, has led to the development of a computationally feasible SHM technique based on comparisons between the geometry of a baseline attractor and a test attractor at some unknown state of health. This study explores an extension to this concept, namely a hyperchaotic excitation. The feature that is used to analyze the responses of the structures to the chaotic/hyperchaotic excitations is called ‘Nonlinear Auto- Prediction Error’ (NAPE), which is based on attractor geometry. A comparison between the results from the chaotic excitation with the results from each of the hyperchaotic excitations, obtained both numerically and experimentally, highlights the higher sensitivity of hyperchaotic excitations relative to a chaotic excitation.
High Resiliency Linked to Short-Term Patient Reported Outcomes and Return to Duty Following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery.

INTRODUCTION Resilience is a psychometric construct of a patient's ability to recover from adversity and has been used to predict outcomes but its use in orthopedics has been limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between resilience and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patient who underwent sports knee surgery at a single institution performed by 6 orthopedic surgeons from January 2017 to December 2017. We included active-duty patients with complete preoperative outcomes and a minimum of 6 month follow-up. All patients completed the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Veteran's Rand-12 (VR-12), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 43 (PROMIS-43), International Knee Documentation Committee function score (IKDC), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Patients were divided into low resilience (LR) and high resilience (HR) groups based on a score of less than 24 for low and greater than or equal to 24 according to BRS. Outcomes were then compared. RESULTS We identified 50 active-duty patients who had complete preoperative and postoperative outcomes at a minimum of 6 months. Mean preoperative and postoperative BRS were significantly different (25.8 HR v 18.6 LR, p < 0.001). We found a difference in postop KOOS in pain, sports, and short form (pain 70.9 HR v 55.7 LR, p = 0.03; sports 50.3 HR v 32.2 LR, p = 0.03; short form (72.1 HR v 62.5 LR, p = 0.04). Similarly, there was a significant difference in postoperative IKDC score (58.0 HR v 44.0 LR, p = 0.03). Similarly we found significant differences in postoperative PROMIS-43 (anxiety 44.4 HR v 60.3 LR, p = 0.004; depression 41.6 HR v 58.1 LR, p = 0.004; fatigue 45.1 HR v 58.6 LR, p = 0.001; sleep 52.6 HR v 62.5 LR, p = 0.02; social participation 36.2 HR v 47.6 LR, p < 0.001). Postoperative VR-12 mental was also statistically different between the two groups (53.5 HR v 41.6 LR; p = 0.01). In addition, 2.3% of the HR group changed MOS as a result of their sports knee surgery compared to 22.2% of the LR group. CONCLUSIONS Active-military patients with high preoperative resilience appear to have significantly better early postoperative outcomes following sports knee surgery in terms of PROMIS-43, KOOS, and IKDC. There was also a lower rate of changing MOS secondary to sports knee surgery in patients with high resilience.
CSRR Based Sensors for Relative Permittivity Measurement With Improved and Uniform Sensitivity Throughout [0.9–10.9] GHz Band

This paper proposes miniaturized, lightweight and high sensitivity planar metamaterial based sensors for relative permittivity measurement within [0.9–10.9] GHz band. Each proposed sensor is designed using a thin-substrate microstrip line loaded with a single complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). The loaded resonator is excited using maximum electric/magnetic (cross polarization) excitation to maximize the sensors’ sensitivity. Each proposed sensor operates at different frequency range within [0.9–10.9] GHz band based on the size of the loaded resonator. Compared to similar state-of-the-art sensors, the proposed ones are at least 30% more sensitive. The minimum transmission frequency shifts (50)% as the sample’s relative permittivity changes from 1 to 10. The paper proposes a condition of sensitivity uniformity to maintain a uniform sensitivity over the specified band irrespective of the resonator size. Utilizing the proposed condition, the sensitivity of all sensors remains uniform throughout [0.9–10.9] GHz band for all dielectric samples with relative permittivity between 1 and 10. This vital feature allows the practical realization of resonant probes with less computational operations and consistent measurements over a wide dynamic range of the sensing-related frequency. Experimental measurements are in good agreement with the numerical findings. The paper includes a comprehensive sensitivity analysis which investigates the effect of resonator’s excitation scheme, resonator’s order (i.e. single or double CSRR) and substrate thickness on the sensitivity of CSRR based sensors. The proposed sensing platforms are recommended for the development of highly sensitive, consistent and reliable planar sensors such as microfluidics, displacement, nondestructive and biomedical sensors.
Estimating biological nitrogen fixation in field-grown soybeans: impact of B value

To evaluate the impact of using different B values on the overall estimation of the proportion of nitrogen (N) derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) in soybean (Glycine max L.) field trials under two contrasting management systems via the 15N natural abundance (NA) technique. First, a literature review of the soybean B value was conducted. Secondly, a greenhouse study was performed to determine the shoot B value by plant development stage for four soybean varieties. Lastly, in two field trials, soybean was grown under two contrasting management systems (common practices, low inputs; and intensified practices, high inputs) and the %Ndfa by development stage was estimated by the NA technique using the three sources of B values (literature review, greenhouse: plant development stage and peak biomass). The average B value reported in the literature for soybean was − 1.80‰, differing on the trial setting (greenhouse − 1.37‰ and field − 2.62‰). The average shoot B value in the greenhouse was − 1.97‰ (R7). The variation between shoot B values measured in this study was small and quantitatively not significant across plant development stages and plant organs. Field trials showed that intensification improved yields and increased maximum N2 fixation rate from 4.9 to 6.2 kg N ha−1 day−1 under irrigated conditions relative to the common practices. The %Ndfa relative to total N demand ranged from 45 to 56%; at the fixation levels measured in this study, the source of B value had relatively low impact on the estimation of %Ndfa.
Structured illumination microscopy: a new way to improve the axial spatial resolution of microscale particle velocimetry

Many visualizations of microchannel flows illuminate a significant portion, if not all, of the channel. This volume illumination degrades the axial spatial resolution of microscale particle velocimetry measurements because signal from out-of-focus tracer particles “contaminates” the image. We present here a novel way to improve the axial spatial resolution of such velocimetry measurements, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV). In these initial proof of concept experiments, double-exposure SIM PTV was used to measure velocities in plane Poiseuille flow. The velocity results obtained from the SIM images have significantly less error and standard deviation than standard microscale PTV data obtained with volume illumination. Our estimates also suggest that the axial spatial resolution of the SIM results is a twofold improvement over those obtained with “standard” microscale PTV.
Chapter 21 – Rotavirus

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide. Person-to-person spread is the most common mode of transmission, and foodborne disease and outbreaks are infrequently associated with rotavirus. In the United States, rotavirus is thought to cause less than 1% of all foodborne illness, with an estimated 15,433 cases of gastroenteritis and 34 hospitalizations being associated with foodborne rotavirus infections annually. Still, the economic burden of foodborne rotavirus disease is approximately $18 million in direct health care costs and lost productivity. As is the case with other viral outbreaks associated with food, most foodborne rotavirus illness arises from contamination by an infected food handler. Thus, adherence to strict hygienic rules, along all levels of the farm-to-fork continuum, is essential to curtail rotavirus food contamination. Two recently introduced childhood vaccines have resulted in reduced transmission of rotavirus in the community, leading to a decline of rotavirus disease among unvaccinated older children and adults (herd immunity), and thus may also decrease the burden of foodborne rotavirus disease.
Multi-line FLEET by imaging periodic masks.

A simple linear configuration for multi-line femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) velocimetry is used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to image an overexpanded unsteady supersonic jet. The FLEET lines are spaced 0.5–1.0 mm apart, and up to six lines can be used simultaneously to visualize the flowfield. These lines are created using periodic masks, despite the mask blocking 25%–30% of the 10 mJ incident beam. Maps of mean single-component velocity in the direction along the principal flow axis, and turbulence intensity in that same direction, are created using multi-line FLEET, and computed velocities agree well with those obtained from single-line (traditional) FLEET. Compared to traditional FLEET, multi-line FLEET offers increased simultaneous spatial coverage and the ability to produce spatial correlations in the streamwise direction. This FLEET permutation is especially well suited for short-duration test facilities.
Advances in antibiotic drug discovery: reducing the barriers for antibiotic development.

Antibiotic drug discovery has been an essential field of research since the early 1900s, but the threat from infectious bacteria has only increased over the decades because of the emergence of wide...
Local Improvement Districts as Political Participation Signals

A significant amount of literature has inspected the relationship between public–private partnerships and state and local government. This literature has focused primarily on how these agreements s...
Accuracy Evaluation Method of Non-intrusive Load Identification Based on Load Component Analysis

The accuracy of non-intrusive load identification (NILI) is the core index to measure the ability of load identification. The traditional identification result evaluation method based on statistics has high requirements on detection data and detection environment, so it is difficult to realize the rapid evaluation of load identification equipment. From the perspective of product application and testing requirements, the identification accuracy evaluation method of NILI equipment was studied. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the identification results of load identification equipment, a NILI accuracy calculation method based on load component analysis is designed, and the corresponding load identification test method and system are constructed. Through the test and evaluation analysis of a NILI module, the comprehensive evaluation ability of the evaluation method for the accuracy of identification equipment is verified, which provides a feasible method for performance evaluation and quality analysis of NILI products.
Suicide risk in first year after dementia diagnosis in older adults

INTRODUCTION Receiving a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) can be a pivotal and stressful period. We examined the risk of suicide in the first year after ADRD diagnosis relative to the general geriatric population. METHODS We identified a national cohort of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years with newly diagnosed ADRD (n = 2,667,987) linked to the National Death Index. RESULTS The suicide rate for the ADRD cohort was 26.42 per 100,000 person-years. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide was 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.65) with the highest risk among adults aged 65 to 74 years (SMR = 3.40, 95% CI = 2.94, 3.86) and the first 90 days after ADRD diagnosis. Rural residence and recent mental health, substance use, or chronic pain conditions were associated with increased suicide risk. DISCUSSION Results highlight the importance of suicide risk screening and support at the time of newly diagnosed dementia, particularly for patients aged < 75 years.
Hypertension Control in the United States 2009 to 2018: Factors Underlying Falling Control Rates During 2015 to 2018 Across Age- and Race-Ethnicity Groups.

Hypertension control (United States) increased from 1999 to 2000 to 2009 to 2010, plateaued during 2009 to 2014, then fell during 2015 to 2018. We sought explanatory factors for declining hypertens...
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment: A driving force for breast cancer progression

Intratumoral hypoxia is a common finding in breast cancer and is associated with a significantly increased risk of metastasis and patient mortality. Hypoxia-inducible factors activate the transcription of a large battery of genes encoding proteins that promote primary tumor vascularization and growth, stromal cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodeling, premetastatic niche formation, cell motility, local tissue invasion, extravasation at sites of metastasis, and maintenance of the cancer stem cell phenotype that is required to generate secondary tumors. Recent preclinical studies suggest that the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with drugs that inhibit hypoxia-inducible factors may improve outcome for women with triple-negative breast cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.