cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Right Pneumonectomy for Resection of a Posterior Mediastinal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Arising From Castleman's Disease

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of immune accessory follicular dendritic cells and may be associated with Castleman's disease which is a known precursor to follicular dendritic cell sarcomas. We report a case of a follicular dendritic cell sarcoma arising in Castleman's disease in a 63-year-old man who presented with a large posterior mediastinal mass, which required a radical pneumonectomy for complete resection.
High-density nursery culture of recently-settled blue king crabs (Paralithodes platypus): Comparisons to red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus)

Abstract Stock enhancement through the release of cultured juveniles has been suggested as a possible recovery tool for depleted red ( Paralithodes camtschaticus ) and blue ( Paralithodes platypus ) king crab populations in Alaska, USA. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in red king crab culture technology, but similar technologies are less developed for blue king crabs. As part of a stock enhancement feasibility study, hatchery-raised blue king crab juveniles were cultured from larvae of ovigerous females collected off Saint Matthew Island, Alaska. Juvenile instars were then cultured in indoor nursery containers for 42 days at stocking densities of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 crabs m − 2 starting at metamorphosis to the first instar stage (C1). At day 42, survival was above 90% at all the densities, but had a slightly decreasing trend that ranged from 96% at 500 crabs m − 2 to 90% at 6000 crabs m − 2 . The numbers of crabs cannibalized increased with density, but the overall increase in crab biomass offset the negative effects of cannibalism. Survival rates and biomass production for the first 42 days post-settlement is much higher for blue king crabs compared to red king crabs reared under identical conditions. The low rate of cannibalism implies that blue king crabs are well suited for large-scale hatchery culture. Our results suggest that these two closely related crab species can be reared at different stocking densities immediately flowing settlement and that high densities will maximize hatchery efficiency for blue king crabs. Future studies should investigate longer term nursery culture, beyond 42 days, to refine protocols for extended blue king crab rearing. Improving nursery techniques will boost the productivity and financial viability of a large-scale stock enhancement program.
Bond energies, force constants and electronegativities

Abstract For diatomic hydride molecules, HX, there is a correlation between the dissociation energy, D0, and both k 1 2 and χ; k is the force constant of the HX bond, and χ is the Pauling electronegativity. The correlation is marred by weakened bonding in the hydrides of Groups 2 and 12. This weakening is caused by an electron in a strongly anti-bonding molecular orbital. A linear relationship is found between kR0 and χ0, where kR0 is shown to be the force between the proton and the shielded nucleus of X. The molecular hardness, kR20 is also defined.
THE COPOLYMERIZATION OF 1-ALKYLVINAZENES WITH STYRENE

Copolymers are formed between styrene and 1-alkyl-4,5-dicyano-2-vinylimidazoles (1-alkylvinazenes). The reactivity ratios for the 1-ethylvinazenes are determined to be high, but also appear to vary with feed composition, with low feed ratios of 1-ethylvinazene giving rEtVz=35 ± 6 and rSty=0.077 ± 0.029, whereas at higher 1-ethylvinazene feed fractions, rEtVz=2.5 ± 2 and rSty=0.089±0.021. Mediation of the 1-methylvinazene/styrene copolymerization with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (TEMPO) leads to a more controlled polymerization which moves closer to ideal copolymerization behavior. The copolymers form with polydispersities approaching 1.5, suggesting bimolecular termination kinetics. The copolymers comply with the Fox relation for Tg.
Effects of modulating TGF-beta;1 on immune responses to mycobacterial infection in guinea pigs

Abstract Setting: TGF-β1 has been implicated as an important mediator of immuno-suppression in clinical tuberculosis. Objective: The objective was to determine the role of TGF-β1 in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis in the guinea pig. Design: Groups of guinea pigs, maintained on either a low protein (LP) diet or an isocaloric high protein (HP) diet. were challenged via the respiratory route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Ten days post-infection, guinea pigs were given daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant human TGF-β1 (rhTGF-β1 τ for 10 consecutive days). Following the treatment, guinea pigs were euthanized, and PPD-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed and disease resistance measured by recovery of mycobacteria from the lungs and spleens. In a second set of experiments, groups of HP and LP guinea pigs were vaccinated with attenuated M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Six weeks later, the effects of rhTGF-β1 on lymphoproliferation and cytokine production were determined. Results: Protein deficiency significantly impaired host anti-tuberculosis resistance, as expected. Treatment with rhTGF-β1 significantly increased mycobacterial loads in the tissues of guinea pigs and decreased the PPD-induced proliferation of PBMCs from both LP and HP guinea pigs. PPD-driven lymphoproliferation, TNF-a and IFN production were significantly suppressed in vaccinated, protein-deficient guinea pigs, and rhTGF-β1 further inhibited lymphoproliferation and cytokine production. Conclusion: Both in vivo and in vitro results indicate that TGF-β1 exerts immunosuppressive activity and exacerbates the progression of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis in both normally nourished and protein-deficient guinea pigs.
Anemia of Malignancy

Anemia of malignancy is a common problem which significantly interferes with the quality of life of patients with cancer and allied diseases. The anemia of malignancy is usually multifaceted, can be because of the malignancy, complications of the malignancy, or resulting from treatment.
Fatigue of nanocrystalline copper

Nanocrystalline copper samples have been subjected to pull-pull fatigue, with an upper stress that ranged from 50 to 80% of the yield stress. The minimum stress was 10 MPa. The samples survived several hundred thousand cycles. A moderate increase in grain size was observed after cycling, on the order of 30%. The samples elongated slightly in the course of a prolonged fatigue test. The amount of strain is similar to the room temperature creep strain observed previously in nanocrystalline copper under a constant stress comparable to the maximum cyclic stress. The cyclic deformation appeared to be elastic. However an elastic modulus was measured that is a factor of 2 (after correction for experimental errors) smaller than the modulus for ordinary copper. Parallel micrometer-size extrusions were observed on the surfaces of fatigued specimens. These features extended over several {micro}m and are reminiscent of extrusions associated with PSBs seen in single crystal and coarse-grained fatigued metals.
BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSSES FORAGING ON ANTARCTIC KRILL: DENSITY-DEPENDENCE THROUGH LOCAL ENHANCEMENT?

Many Antarctic seabirds depend on prey that are patchy, cryptic, ephemeral, and unpredictable in location. These predators typically employ two alternative behavioral strategies for locating resource patches: direct visual or olfactory detection, and indirect detection (local enhancement) by sighting other predators that are already exploiting a patch. We developed a model of direct detection and local enhancement in seabirds that predicts how foraging success varies with behavioral strategy, seabird densities, and prey swarm density and detectability. Application of the model to Black-browed Albatrosses foraging for Antarctic krill near South Georgia suggests that local enhancement is generally a highly effective foraging strategy, and that the fraction of time albatrosses spend in feeding flocks should show strong interactions between prey and conspecific densities. To test these predictions, we analyzed survey data collected near South Georgia in January-March 1986. Our analysis suggests a strong Allee-type density dependence in foraging success that was qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with model predictions. This density dependence suggests a potential for destabilizing patterns of resource utilization and reproductive suc- cess in Black-browed Albatrosses that may have important implications for conservation of albatrosses and other Antarctic species.
1H and 13C relaxation for the resolved crystalline and amorphous phases of polyethylene oxide

Etude preliminaire a l'ambiante; resolution des resonances du carbone 13 pour les composantes amorphe et cristalline
Communication requirements and children's production of relational words

Abstract The production of relational words by nursery school children was examined in a two-person communication situation. Experimental manipulation of both the type and the amount of information available to the speaker about communication requirements resulted in a significant increase in production of relational words. It is suggested that there are at least two factors controlling production which have previously been ignored: (1) verbal information about the demands of the situation and the communicative adequacy of responses: and (2) nonverbal information specified by the stimulus situation.
Immigrants at the Margins: Law, Race, and Exclusion in Southern Europe. By Kitty Calavita

Immigrants at the Margins: Law, Race, and Exclusion in Southern Europe. By Kitty Calavita. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xx+257. $90.00 cloth; $39.99 paper; $32.00 e-book. Immigrants at the Margins examines the paradoxical nature of immigration in Spain and Italy, two countries with long histories of population movements but with recent experiences of external labor immigration. On the one hand, Italian and Spanish immigration laws emphasize immigrant integration, but on the other hand, both countries treat immigrants strictly as workers, with their legal status dependent on work permits and contracts with employers. Thus, whereas both countries devote resources to programs geared to integration, their laws contribute to keeping immigrants at the margins, denying them permanent residence and restricting their ability to set down roots and to access citizenship and belonging. And while these observations capture the predicament of immigrants in these Mediterranean countries, they are also pertinent for an understanding of immigration to other major receiving countries. As such, this important book is relevant beyond these cases. Relying on a wide array of empirical sources and making use of a sophisticated analytical lens, Calavita takes us on an examination of a crucial question that characterizes recent immigration in Italy and Spain: why do apparently genuine integration policies fail? Calavita elegantly argues that this failure is linked to the immigrants' economic marginality that the law reproduces. Empirically, she relies on sources such as interviews with government officials, leaders of immigrant associations, union officials, academics, and employers; news media coverage and press conferences; government documents; and other secondary sources. Theoretically, she draws on the literature on law in action, critical race theory, constructions of the "other" or "stranger," racial formation, and citizenship and membership within the context of" globalization. She points out that the tension between efforts to integrate and constructions of difference that contribute to immigrants' marginalization is the manifestation of a broader dialectic in political-economic relations. She observes that immigrants' usefulness rests precisely on their otherness; they are the others who are willing to work for low wages and under conditions that natives do not tolerate. At the same time, their marginality, which is reproduced by the law, marks them as a suspect population that disqualifies them for membership. The analysis is based on an in-depth comparison of the political climate and economies of Italy and Spain (with important regional distinctions) at the time of increased immigration that predominantly originates in the Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia. …
Solid Lubricant Formulations Containing Starch-Soybean Oil Composites

Starch-oil composites comprising purified foodgrade corn starch (PFGS) and soybean oil (SBO) were investigated as potential ingredients for water-based solid lubricant formulations. Current solid lubricants are almost exclusively petroleumbased and are used for protecting sheet metal and/or as sheet metal forming lubricants. Starch-oil composites are preferred ingredients for formulating solid lubricants because they are based on renewable and abundantly available raw materials and also have superior environmental and health characteristics. Steel sheets coated with the PFGS-SBO containing solid lubricant were evaluated for boundary coefficient of friction (COF) and wear properties using ball-on-flat test geometry. The COF was highly dependent on the SBO to PFGS ratio in the composite. In the absence of SBO, the COF was high (≈0.8) and decreased sharply with increasing SBO content to a minimum value of 0.07. Wear evaluation showed no scratches or lubricant transfer on the ball. There were also no wear tracks observed on the flat sheet before or after the solid lubricant was washed off. It was concluded that waterbased solid lubricants formulated with the PFGS-SBO starch-oil composite have acceptable friction and wear properties and should be evaluated further for use in sheet metal forming.
Protein phosphorylation in isolated synaptic junctional structures: changes during development

Abstract Endogenous phosphorylation in subcellular fractions enriched in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) and purified synaptic junction (SJ) has been examined in vitro at various stages of postnatal development. Protein kinase activity was measured using both endogenous and exogenous (histones) proteins as substrates. Protein phosphorylation that is regulated by cyclic AMP also was investigated. SPM and SJ fractions displayed large increments in kinase activities and cyclic AMP-stimulated protein phosphorylation between postnatal days 5 and 15. SJ fractions exhibited a dramatic age-dependent change in the cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous proteins of molecular weights 73,000 (1a), 68,000 (1b), 65,000 (1c) and 55,000. Experiments in which isolated SJs were phosphorylated with soluble cyclic AMP-dependent kinase showed that the phosphorylation of proteins 1a, 1b and 1c resulted from their de novo appearance in newborn SJ fractions and not from a maturation-dependent coupling of kinases and substrates that were already present in newborn SJ fractions. The levels of regulatory (R) subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent kinases in synaptic fractions were measured by [ 3 H]cyclic AMP binding and photoaffinity labeling with [ 32 P]8-N 3 -cyclic AMP and were observed to change little during postnatal development. These findings show that there is a strong correlation between the in situ appearance of synapses and the enzymatic maturation of endogenous, cyclic AMP-stimulated protein phosphorylation in SJ fractions isolated at different stages of development.
Measuring the modulus and reverse percolation transition of a degrading hydrogel.

In light of the growing importance to understand and control the physical cues presented to cells by artificial scaffolds, direct, temporally resolved measurements of the gel modulus are needed. We...
Molecular orientation in film extrusion of high‐density polyethylene

Molecular orientation in film extrusion has been studied using an extrusion-grade commercial polyethylene resin. First quad (take-up) speed was varied over the range 50 to 120 m/min, Web crystallinities were found to be in the range 0.60 to 0.65 as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Web crystalline orientation function fc was slightly negative below a takeup speed of 50 m/min and rose to a value of 0.4 at 120 m/min at a quench bath temperature of 37.8°C and a melt temperature of 251°C for one of the resins used. (Perfect orientation along the machine direction implies fc equal to 1.0). Amorphous orientation function fa remained below 0.1 and was almost constant with takeup speed. This behavior was modified in a minor way by changes in quench bath and melt temperature as well as resin lot. A qualitative model was proposed for this without definite proof. The major mechanism at work in the film-forming process is macromolecular network structure deformation in elongational flow. Die gap variation at uniform extrusion rate has a secondary effect on web orientation. With the present state of knowledge, it is not possible to quantitatively separate the amorphous orientation function into its various conformational contributions. It was also noted that high take up speeds and low air gaps tend to freeze the web at greater widths.
Iris Murdoch’s Notion of a Loving Gaze

A mother, whom I shall call M, feels hostility to her daughter-inlaw, whom I shall call D. M finds D quite a good-hearted girl, but while not exactly common yet certainly unpolished and lacking in dignity and refinement. D is inclined to be pert and familiar, insufficiently ceremonious, brusque, sometimes positively rude, always tiresomely juvenile. M does not like D’s accent or the way D dresses. M feels that her son has married beneath him. Let us assume for the purposes of the example that the mother, who is a very ‘‘correct’’ person, behaves beautifully to the girl throughout, not allowing her real opinion to appear in any way. We might underline this aspect of the example by supposing that the young couple have emigrated or that D is now dead: the point being to ensure that whatever is in question as happening happens entirely in M’s mind.
Stroke in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

In a 4 1/2-year period, 4 of 68 children in a longitudinal study of neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection had clinical and/or neuroradiological evidence of stroke, yielding a clinical incidence of stroke in this population of 1.3% per year. During this period, 32 subjects died, and permission for autopsy was granted in 18 of the patients, including 3 of 4 who had clinical evidence of stroke. The prevalence of cerebrovascular pathological features in our consecutive autopsy series was higher than the clinical incidence. At autopsy cerebrovascular disease was documented in 6 (24%) of 25 children with HIV infection, including all 3 children who had clinical evidence of stroke. Four patients had intracerebral hemorrhages, 6 patients had nonhemorrhagic infarcts, and 3 had both. Hemorrhage was catastrophic in 1 child and clinically silent in 3 children, all of whom had immune thrombocytopenia. One child had an arteriopathy that affected meningocerebral arteries. In another child, the arteries of the circle of Willis were aneurysmally dilated. Two children had coexisting cardiomyopathy and subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy with vascular proliferation. These results suggest that stroke should be considered when children with HIV infection develop focal neurological signs.
Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is not present in the limb contralateral to a simulated knee joint effusion.

Palmieri RM, Ingersoll CD, Edwards JE, Hoffman MA, Stone MB, Babington JP, Cordova ML, Krause BA: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is not present in the limb contralateral to a simulated knee joint effusion. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:910–916.ObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to estimat
Mouthing in the elderly: A cerebellar sign

Abstract Eleven patients with abnormal mouthing movements are described. They were mostly elderly, edentulous, long-stay hospital patients. Mouthing was inhibited by eye closure, a touch on the face, or painting of the mouth and tongue with local anesthetic. The brains of 2 patients were examined and cerebellar lesions confined to the midline declive, folium, tuber vermis and pyramis were found. These are the projection areas to the cerebellum of tactile impulses from the mouth. We believe mouthing to be a cerebellar sign, related to a midline cerebellar lesion.
Appropriation by unanticipated users: looking beyond design intent and expected use

Research in CSCW has demonstrated that people use technology in inventive ways, yet little work investigates the adoption and adaptation of collaborative technologies by unanticipated users. In this paper, we present a study investigating an unanticipated user group's appropriation of a leaning management system, CTools. This group of users, staff at a large research university, has adapted the system, which was designed to support student-content-faculty interactions at the University of Michigan. We present the User/Use Technology Appropriation Matrix (UTAM) as a way to frame our understanding of users and their system use. Based on findings from system log data and surveys, we show that staff use the system similarly to students and faculty, though they value the tools and work affordances differently in their varied work contexts. We discuss these findings, how UTAM can be used to frame these findings, and suggestions for future research.
Capillary Infiltration Rates into Porous Media with Applications to Silcomp Processing

The rate of capillary rise of a liquid into a porous medium made up of consolidated particulates is analyzed. The infiltration distance is parabolic in time and can be modeled using the Washburn analysis. The effective pore radius is measured to be one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the particle size, particle spacing, and the median pore size as measured by mercury porosimetry. This result is interpreted using a modification of the Washburn model which models the porous medium as a single pore with varying diameter. Using a two-sized single pore model, the predicted infiltration rate is consistent with the measured values. In applying the two-sized single pore model to the reactive capillary infiltration of silicon into a carbonaceous preform in the Silcomp process, the effect of pore closure by the conversion of carbon to SiC is predicted. Using pore closure dimensions measured in a partial infiltration experiment, a decrease in the infiltration rate constant is predicted and is consistent with the measured infiltration rate.
Excitation transfer and zero phonon lines

Abstract The strength of the zero phonon line is related to the long time behavior of the memory function appearing in the generalized master equation theory of excitation transfer and thus to the coherent aspect of excitation transfer.
Spectrum and outcome of reoperations after the Ross procedure.

Background—Proposed advantages to the Ross procedure included presumed increased freedom from reoperation and simpler reoperation for pulmonary conduit replacement if needed. It is increasingly apparent, however, that reoperations are frequent after the Ross procedure and that when required, they may be more complex than previously thought. Methods and Results—Between September 1991 and August 2008, 56 patients underwent reoperation at our institution after a Ross procedure performed by ourselves (n=13) or elsewhere (n=43). Median age at first reoperation at our institution was 26 years (range 1 to 69 years). The 4 most common indications for reoperation were isolated autograft (neoaortic) regurgitation in 11 cases (20), isolated pulmonary conduit regurgitation/stenosis in 9 (16), combined autograft regurgitation/dilatation in 8 (14), and combined autograft regurgitation and pulmonary conduit regurgitation/stenosis in 6 (11). A total of 144 procedures were performed in these 56 patients during first reope...
X-Linked Recessive Atrophic Macular Degeneration from RPGR Mutation

We mapped a new X-linked recessive atrophic macular degeneration locus to Xp21.1-p11.4 and show allelic involvement of the gene RPGR, which normally causes severe peripheral retinal degeneration leading to global blindness. Ten affected males whom we examined had primarily macular atrophy causing progressive loss of visual acuity with minimal peripheral visual impairment. One additional male showed extensive macular degeneration plus peripheral loss of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaries. Full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) showed normal cone and rod responses in some affected males despite advanced macular degeneration, emphasizing the dissociation of atrophic macular degeneration from generalized cone degenerations, including X-linked cone dystrophy (COD1). The RPGR gene nonsense mutation G-->T at open reading frame (ORF)15+1164 cosegregated with the disease and may create a donor splice site. Identification of an RPGR mutation in atrophic maculardegeneration expands the phenotypic range associated with this gene and provides a new tool for the dissection of the relationship between clinically different retinal pathologies.
ω-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids extend life span through the activation of autophagy

Adaptation to nutrient scarcity depends on the activation of metabolic programs to efficiently use internal reserves of energy. Activation of these programs in abundant food regimens can extend life span. However, the common molecular and metabolic changes that promote adaptation to nutritional stress and extend life span are mostly unknown. Here we present a response to fasting, enrichment of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which promotes starvation resistance and extends Caenorhabditis elegans life span. Upon fasting, C. elegans induces the expression of a lipase, which in turn leads to an enrichment of ω-6 PUFAs. Supplementing C. elegans culture media with these ω-6 PUFAs increases their resistance to starvation and extends their life span in conditions of food abundance. Supplementation of C. elegans or human epithelial cells with these ω-6 PUFAs activates autophagy, a cell recycling mechanism that promotes starvation survival and slows aging. Inactivation of C. elegans autophagy components reverses the increase in life span conferred by supplementing the C. elegans diet with these fasting-enriched ω-6 PUFAs. We propose that the salubrious effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3/6 PUFAs (fish oils) that have emerged from epidemiological studies in humans may be due to a similar activation of autophagic programs.
Locomotor activity but not conditioned place preference is differentially affected by a moderate dose of ethanol administered to P and NP rats

The conditioned place preference (CPP) test and spontaneous motor activity were used in order to determine if ethanol-preferring (P) rats differ from ethanol nonpreferring (NP) rats after the administration of a moderate (1.0 g/kg) dose of ethanol. Results indicate that both of the selectively bred lines of rats found ethanol aversive, with little difference between the P and the NP rats. In contrast, the NP rats were shown to be more sensitive to the motor-impairing effect of ethanol.
Coexpression of glutamine synthetase and carbamoylphosphate synthase I genes in pancreatic hepatocytes of rat.

In the mammalian liver the distribution of ammonia-detoxifying enzymes, glutamine synthetase (GS) and carbamoylphosphate synthase I (ammonia) (CPS-I), is mutually exclusive in that these enzymes are expressed in two distinct populations of hepatocytes that are zonally demarcated in the liver acinus. In the present study we examined the distribution of GS and CPS-I in pancreatic hepatocytes to ascertain if the expression of these two genes in these hepatocytes is also mutually exclusive. Multiple foci of hepatocytes showing no clear acinar organization develop in the adult rat pancreas as a result of a change in the differentiation commitment after dietary copper deficiency. Unlike liver, GS and CPS-I are detected by immunofluorescence in all pancreatic hepatocytes. In situ hybridization revealed that all pancreatic hepatocytes contain GS and CPS-I mRNAs. The sizes of these two mRNAs in pancreas with hepatocytes are similar to those of the liver. The concomitant expression of GS and CPS-I genes in pancreatic hepatocytes may be attributed, in part, to the absence of portal blood supply to the pancreas vis-a-vis the lack of hormonal/metabolic gradients as well as to possible matrix homogeneity in the pancreas.
Subcellular localization of 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in bovine kidney

Abstract The intracellular localization of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCase), an enzyme of the leucine oxidative pathway, was studied in bovine kidney. Differential centrifugation of kidney homogenates demonstrated that the majority of the enzyme was associated with the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Isopycnic centrifugation of the mitochondrial fraction demonstrated cofractionation of MCase with mitochondrial markers, but not with lysosomal markers, consistent with a mitochondrial location for the enzyme. Using different homogenization techniques and comparing the fractional extraction of MCase and mitochondrial and cytosolic marker enzymes, the appearance of MCase in the “cytosolic” fraction was shown to be due to mitochondrial damage. The intramitochondrial distribution of MCase was determined using a digitonin procedure, and indicated that the enzyme is associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although a fraction of MCase (30–40%) was “solubilized” by homogenization of whole mitochondria, the remaining MCase (60–70%) was tightly associated with the mitochondrial membrane fraction. Release and “solubilization” of this latter fraction was achieved by polyethylene glycol treatment. The “solubilized” MCase was stabilized in a glycerol-containing buffer.
Reliability Meets Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges

This article reviews some applications where field reliability data are used and explores some of the opportunities to use modern reliability data to provide stronger statistical methods to operate and predict the performance of systems in the field.
Mosaic-based 3D scene representation and rendering of circular aerial video

Circular aerial video provides a persistent view over a scene and generates a large amount of imagery, much of which is redundant. The interesting features of the scene are the 3D structural data, moving objects, and scenery changes. Mosaic-based scene representations work well in detecting and modeling these features while greatly reducing the amount of storage required to store a scene. In the past, mosaic-based methods have worked well for video sequences with straight camera paths in a dominant motion direction11. Here we expand on this method to handle circular camera motion. By using a polar transformation about the center of the scene, we are able to transform circular motion into an approximate linear motion. This allows us to employ proven 3D reconstruction and moving object detection methods that we have previously developed. Once features are found, they only need to be transformed back to the Cartesian space from the polar coordinate system.
Fast multipole methods for particle dynamics

The growth of simulations of particle systems has been aided by advances in computer speed and algorithms. The adoption of algorithms to solve N-body simulation problems has been less rapid due to the fact that such scaling was only competitive for relatively large N. Our work seeks to find algorithmic modifications and practical implementations for intermediate values of N in typical use for molecular simulations. This article reviews fast multipole techniques for calculation of electrostatic interactions in molecular systems. The basic mathematics behind fast summations applied to long ranged forces is presented along with advanced techniques for accelerating the solution, including our most recent developments. The computational efficiency of the new methods facilitates both simulations of large systems as well as longer and therefore more realistic simulations of smaller systems.
FT-IRRAS quantitative analysis of specific avidin adsorption on biotinylated Au surfaces

Abstract A new method has been developed for the preparation of amine-terminated surfaces with a highly cross-linked Si–O–Si network sub-layer on gold substrates. Biotinylation of the amine-terminated layers thus obtained can be easily accomplished by the use of an activated biotin reagent. Each step of the synthetic process was monitored by Fourier transformed infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS). Furthermore, the molecular recognition ability of the biotinylated surfaces was examined and quantified by the use of FT-IRRAS in combination with an alkyne dicobalt hexacarbonyl probe coupled with netravidin. The specific binding capacity of the avidin on the biotinylated surfaces was measured to be approximately 3.5 pmol/cm 2 . FT-IRRAS was shown to be very sensitive to the detection of avidin with a limit of 0.1pmol/cm 2 . The non-specific adsorption of the avidin was determined by exposure of the amine-terminated and/or biotinylated surfaces to a solution of biotin-saturated avidin. The results in this case indicate that both the biotinylated and non-biotinylated (i.e., amine-terminated) surfaces synthesized in this study are resistant to non-specific protein adsorption, exhibiting a selectivity towards specific binding of 97%.
Gaussian-2 theory as a linear system

We present a procedure for scaling the additive energy terms in the Gaussian-2 (G2) theory by solving a linear system of equations Ax = b using matrix algebra. Our procedure reduces the average absolute deviation (AAD) from 1.20 kcal/mol of the original G2 theory to 0.94 kcal/mol with respect to the G2/91 test set of 125 energies of first-and second-row compounds.
Coal cleaning by froth flotation

A number of experiments were conducted to determine the flotation characteristics of Iowa coals in which various conditions were applied to study the effect of different parameters such as frother dosage, oily collectors, pyrite depressants, and various combinations of these reagents. Flotation tests were also conducted with Appalachian coals for comparison. Iowa coals did not respond as well to froth flotation as Appalachian coals. Although Iowa coal floated very slowly and Incompletely with only a frother (methyl Isobutyl carblnol or MIBC), It floated rapidly when a large dosage of an oily collector (No. 200 LLS fuel oil) was employed in addition. No. 1 fuel oil was not nearly as effective as a collector for this application. The order of addition of flotation reagents appeared very Important for achieving a high recovery of Iowa coal. Appalachian coals floated rapidly with only a frother (methyl iso­ butyl carblnol) or an alkaline solution. A small amount of an oily collector increased the recovery of Appalachian coals significantly. The results of these flotation experiments showed that little mineral matter was removed when a high recovery was achieved. A microscopic analysis of Appalachian coal used in these experiments showed that much of the mineral matter was Incompletely liberated from the coal particles. And, the use of ultrasonics did seem to Improve mineral matter liberation. Bubble-particle attachment was studied from a theoretical view point. This study showed that the mechanism of attachment differs depending on the relative size of bubbles and particles. When small bubbles adhere
Design from the Outside In

Abstract As green building design matures, guiding principles can give form to the work. For example, over the past twenty years, the principle of “the building as a whole” has been developed in energy-systems design, emphasizing interactions among all aspects of a building, including envelope, lighting, heating and cooling, and renewable energy options. As another example, over the past ten years LEED has brought its own set of guiding principles that advocate balanced priorities in green design (site, water, energy, materials, and environmental quality); allowing the owner choice among these issues; and involving all stakeholders early in the process. Other guiding principles are proposed at the detailed design level: Consider daylighting, evaluate renewable energy, reduce water usage, and more. This article explores a new principle to guide green building design, termed loosely “outside-in design.” A variety of benefits arise from designing from the perimeter of a building site and proceeding inward to...
Predictive factors of neurological complications and one-month mortality after liver transplantation.

Background: Neurological complications are common after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We aimed to characterize the risk factors associated with neurological complications and mortality among patients who underwent OLT in the post-model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) era. Methods: In a retrospective review, we evaluated 227 consecutive patients at the Keck Hospital of the University of Southern California before and after OLT to define the type and frequency of and risk factors for neurological complications and mortality. Results: Neurological complications were common (n=98), with encephalopathy being most frequent (56.8%), followed by tremor (26.5%), hallucinations (11.2%), and seizure (8.2%). Factors associated with neurological complications after OLT included preoperative dialysis, hepatorenal syndrome, renal insufficiency, intra-operative dialysis, preoperative encephalopathy, preoperative mechanical ventilation, and infection. Preoperative infection was an independent predictor of neurological complications (OR 2.83, 1.47 – 5.44). One-month mortality was 8.8% and was independently associated with urgent re-transplant, preoperative intubation, intraoperative arrhythmia, and intraoperative use of multiple pressors. Conclusion: Neurological complications are common in patients undergoing OLT in the post-MELD era, with encephalopathy being most frequent. An improved understanding of the risk factors related to both neurological complications and one-month mortality post-transplantation can better guide perioperative care and help improve outcomes among OLT patients.
Surgical treatment of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage

Abstract Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage accounts for 5%–10% of intracerebral hemorrhage in most series. From June 1979 to June 1983 we had 26 surgical cases of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. There were 15 men and 11 women. The typical history was sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting, dizziness, and inability to walk. Disturbance of consciousness was usually a late feature. Common signs were truncal ataxia, nystagmus, conjugate eyeball deviation, small miotic pupils with or without light reflex and abducens palsy. Surgical indications are (a) disturbance of consciousness, (b) signs of brainstem compression and (c) hematoma with transverse diameter greater than 3 cm. The overall surgical mortality was 34.6%. Twenty-two patients underwent suboccipital craniectomy to evacuate hematomas with or without ventriculostomy; mortality rate was 27%. Four patients underwent ventriculostomy only; mortality was 75%. Causes of death were (a) brainstem failure, six patients; (b) airway obstruction, one patient; (c) chest infection, one patient; (d) chronic renal failure, one patient. Conclusion: (a) suboccipital craniectomy to evacuate the hematoma is the most effective procedure where treatment is indicated; (b) the clinical recovery of the survivors show that 31% return to work, 38% are moderately disabled but take care of themselves, and 31% remain dependent on others; (c) deeply comatose patients may still benefit from early operation.
Application of the shrinking core model for predicting protein adsorption.

Abstract The shrinking-core model has been applied to the frontal analysis (unsteady-state fixed-bed breakthrough for step input) of protein ion-exchange systems. The model is specific to processes that involve removal of the counter ion from slution by strong association with fixed ions. The system equations have been solved numerically for the breakthrough of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on Sephadex A50. Protein liquid and particle diffusivities have been estimated from experimental data reported in the literature. The breakthrough curve predictions give a good approximation to the experimental observations. Comparison is also made using a two-resistance model which gives excellent agreement with the experimental observations. However, this model requires that an effective particle diffusivity be determined by a separate batch kinetic experiment. Since the shrinking-core model requires no such separate parameter determination it is considered better as a predictive model for protein adsorption for the system studied.
Synthesis of an (iodovinyl)misonidazole derivative for hypoxia imaging.

Nitroimidazoles undergo a bioreduction in viable hypoxic tissue, resulting in trapping within these tissues, as demonstrated by misonidazole. A radioiodinated analogue of misonidazole (IVM, (E)-5-(2-Nitroimidazolyl)-4-hydroxy-1-iodopent-1-ene, 3) has been synthesized by halodestannylation, for evaluation as an imaging agent for hypoxia. A key step in the synthetic sequence involves the use of the Lewis acid BF3.Et2O to promote the nucleophilic ring opening of glycidyl tosylate with (E)-1-lithio-2-(tributylstannyl)ethylene. Direct comparison of IVM versus F-MISO (2) another misonidazole type hypoxic cell marker, in several in vitro cell culture studies, indicates that IVM behaves in analogous fashion to F-MISO and has promise as a hypoxia imaging agent for SPECT.
Large-area blocked-impurity-band focal plane array development

Large area, very long wavelength infrared focal plane arrays will be required for future astronomy, defense, commercial, and other applications. Rockwell International has developed and extended the state-of-the-art of these arrays, resulting in the world's first 128 X 128 element blocked impurity band (BIB) detector focal plane arrays. Rockwell's advanced epitaxial process control has made possible the fabrication of large area, uniform BIB detector arrays, having pixel spacings as small as 75 micrometers . Using standard indium bumping techniques, these detectors are mated to multiplexers which incorporate a wide variety of design features. Characterization of these arrays has shown low intrinsic noise, excellent response uniformity, response linearity over a wide dynamic range, and over 97% pixel operability. The results achieved demonstrate the feasibility and versatility of very long wavelength infrared (to 28 micrometers ) focal plane array technology based on BIB detectors.
Archaeomagnetic Dating at Pueblo Grande

Abstract One hundred and seventy-four archaeomagnetic samples from burned features were collected at Pueblo Grande, a Hohokam site in Phoenix, Arizona. This large data set yields an excellent opportunity to evaluate the potential contribution of archaeomagnetism to solving chronometric problems. It allows a consideration (1) of different sampling schemes, (2) of the archaeomagnetic quality of samples that do and do not produce archaeomagnetic dates, (3) of samples that do not date according to archaeological expectations, and (4) an analysis of the factors that influence dating precision. Further, comparing 109 and 19 of the archaeomagnetic dates with associated ceramic and radiocarbon dates provides measures of the accuracy of archaeomagnetic dates.
Wearable body organs: critical cognition becomes (again) somatic

Three factors involved in cognition - the individual, the collective, and the objective reality - are related and investigated through the safe facilitation offered by Wearable Body Organs. Each device is adaptable to its current user and the community it is active in, made by the person and community, becoming another plane of experience. We return to a body based knowledge and communication, and simultaneously breech our once assumed body boundaries.
Place of residence predicts breast cancer stage at diagnosis in Estonia

Background: Stage at diagnosis is one of the most important predictors of breast cancer survival. The objective of this population-based study was to examine the impact of age, period of diagnosis and place of residence on breast cancer stage at diagnosis in Estonia. Methods: Female breast cancer cases reported to the Estonian Cancer Registry in 1995–2006 with a known extent of disease were included. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of advanced stage (non-localized) disease. Results: Overall, 56% of the 6936 women included in the analysis were diagnosed at advanced stage. The risk of advanced disease at diagnosis decreased over the study period in all age groups, but the change was much larger among women aged 50–69 years than among women in younger and older age groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the strongest predictor of advanced stage disease was the place of residence. Compared with Tallinn (the capital of Estonia), living in Tartu (a small town with a university hospital) was associated with a significant 36% reduction in risk while the odds ratio associated with living in a marginal industrial county (Ida-Viru) was 1.52 (95% confidence interval 1.29–1.79). Conclusions: The observed regional variations are most likely due to differences in education, unemployment and health care access. Younger and elderly women, those living in remote areas and of lower socio-economic status should be addressed with specific measures to promote earlier detection of breast cancer, particularly in view of current economic difficulties and a sharply rising unemployment rate.
Validity in context – qualitative research issues in sport and exercise studies: a response to John Smith

Sport is an entirely human endeavour. Our involvement in sport and physical activity is full of personally and socially generated meanings as our participation occurs in interaction with other indi...
Alteration of a Novel Dispensable Mitochondrial Ribosomal Small-Subunit Protein, Rsm28p, Allows Translation of Defective COX2 mRNAs

Mutations affecting the RNA sequence of the first 10 codons of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial gene COX2 strongly reduce translation of the mRNA, which encodes the precursor of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. A dominant chromosomal mutation that suppresses these defects is an internal in-frame deletion of 67 codons from the gene YDR494w. Wild-type YDR494w encodes a 361-residue polypeptide with no similarity to proteins of known function. The epitope-tagged product of this gene, now named RSM28, is both peripherally associated with the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and soluble in the matrix. Epitope-tagged Rsm28p from Triton X-100-solubilized mitochondria sedimented with the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes in a sucrose gradient containing 500 mM NH4Cl. Complete deletion of RSM28 caused only a modest decrease in growth on nonfermentable carbon sources in otherwise wild-type strains and enhanced the respiratory defect of the suppressible cox2 mutations. The rsm28 null mutation also reduced translation of an ARG8m reporter sequence inserted at the COX1, COX2, and COX3 mitochondrial loci. We tested the ability of RSM28-1 to suppress a variety of cox2 and cox3 mutations and found that initiation codon mutations in both genes were suppressed. We conclude that Rsm28p is a dispensable small-subunit mitochondrial ribosomal protein previously undetected in systematic investigations of these ribosomes, with a positive role in translation of several mitochondrial mRNAs.