cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronal expansion and solar corpuscular radiation

The streaming of particles from the sun (solar corpuscular radiation) leads to a variety of observable geophysical and astrophysical effects. The aurora, geomagnetic activity, cosmic ray variations, comet tail behavior, and perhaps even certain controversial aspects of the over-all terrestrial weather pattern (see for instance MacDonald and Roberts, 1960) are induced by the solar corpuscular radiation. The history of development of knowledge of solar corpuscular radiation is long and it is only in the past few years that an idea of the mechanism of its origin at the sun has developed. The manner in which the corpuscular radiation brings about the various effects mentioned above is understood qualitatively, and even semi-quantitatively, in some cases, and very little in others such as the aurora. The discussion presented here deals principally with the dynamics of the origin at the sun and behavior of the solar corpuscular radiation in interplanetary space. It pays but little attention to the details of the explanation of its effects, except insofar as the effects permit estimates of the nature of the corpuscular radiation.
Protein phosphorylation changes in bovine carotid artery smooth muscle during contraction and relaxation

The protein phosphorylation changes associated with the contraction and relaxation of bovine carotid artery smooth muscle were studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of labeled phosphoproteins. Muscle was stimulated with histamine, angiotensin II, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB) or high extracellular K+. Histamine induced a rapid and sustained contraction which was associated with an early (2 min) phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC) and two cytosolic proteins, Nos. 1 and 2, and with the late (60 min) phosphorylation of MLC, two isoelectric variants of desmin and ten other cytosolic proteins. Additionally, there was a decrease in the extent of phosphorylation of two cytosolic proteins, Nos. 9 and 10. Angiotensin II induced a rapid but transient contraction which was associated with the same early (2 min) phosphorylation changes, but with none of the late (60 min) changes. Elevation of the extracellular K+ concentration to 110 mM led to a sustained contraction which was associated with the phosphorylation of MLC and proteins Nos. 1 and 2 at both 2 and 60 min, but none of the other late phase phosphoproteins were seen. Addition of DPB, an activator of protein kinase C, induced a slowly developing but sustained contractile response which was associated with none of the early (5 min) phosphorylation changes. However, nearly all of late (60 min) protein phosphorylation changes were the same as those seen after histamine action. Addition of forskolin to either control or histamine-treated muscle led to an increase in the phosphorylation of three cytosolic proteins (Nos. 3, 8 and 13), and in the histamine-contracted muscle the dephosphorylation of MLC and proteins Nos. 4, 9, 10, 15 and 16. Similarly, forskolin induced a relaxation of DPB-treated muscle and the dephosphorylation of proteins Nos. 4, 9, 10, 15 and 16. These results suggest that there are two pathways by which histamine activates contraction: a Ca2+-calmodulin pathway which initiates the response, and a protein kinase C pathway which, along with the Ca2+-calmodulin pathway, sustains contraction.
Three-dimensional combined photoacoustic and optical coherence microscopy for in vivo microcirculation studies

Photoacoustic microscopy is predominantly sensitive to optical absorption, while optical coherence tomography relies on optical backscattering. Integrating their complementary contrasts can provide comprehensive information about biological tissue. We have developed a dual-modality microscope that combines the two for studying microcirculation. Three-dimensional imaging of microvasculature and its local environment has been demonstrated at micrometer-order resolution using endogenous contrast in vivo.
Association between neonatal iron overload and early human brain development in premature infants.

Background Emerging evidence suggests that excess iron may be detrimental for brain development. However, little is known regarding the association between neonatal iron overload and subsequent neurodevelopment during infancy in vulnerable premature infants.
A method for predicting vapor pressures of nonpolar liquids

Abstract A new empirical relation involving vapor pressure, internal energy of vaporization and temperature is proposed. The development assumes the validity of the Hildebrand rule and utilizes the Clausius—Clapeyron equation. Equations are developed for predicting vapor pressure at any temperature from either the vapor pressure or internal energy of vaporization at a single reference temperature (25°C). Calculations are given, and compared with experimental results, for numerous nonpolar organic compounds.
Autoradiographic detection of incorporation of P32 into chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis

Abstract A technique for detection of incorporation of P32 into individual nuclei is described. P32 is shown to be incorporated into the nuclei or chromosomes during only a relatively short part of the interphase. Evidence that this corresponds to the period of DNA synthesis is presented. Using the evidence on P32 incorporation along with the available data on the species constancy of DNA per chromosome set, the time of its increase as measured by other methods, and the time of chromosome reproduction as indicated by X-ray breakage, it is tentatively concluded that the period of P32 incorporation corresponds to the time of chromosome reproduction and that the DNA is a part of the permanent framework of the chromosome. It is further shown that incorporation of P32 into the PNA of individual cells can be measured by the use of autoradiographs. This incorporation is correlated with periods of rapid accumulation of synthesized materials in the cytoplasm and may in turn be related to the cell cycle.
CYTOPLASMIC RECEPTORS FOR GLUCOCOETICOIDS IN INTESTINE OF SUCKLING RATS

Previous studies have shown that, in the intact animal, administration of glucocorticoid hormones can precociously simulate the various enzymic and morphological changes that normally occur in the rat intestine at weaning. In order to determine if these hormones act directly on intestinal cells, a search was made for cytoplasmic receptor proteins which are characteristic of target tissues. When incubations were attempted at 4° using 3H-dexamethasone (40 nM) and intestinal cytosol from 18-day-old rats, specific binding was observed but was unstable, being maximal after 1-2 hours then declining rapidly. This problem was overcome by using intestinal rings rather than isolated cytosol; under these conditions it was shown that the specific binding component is saturable and has an apparent dissociation constant of 9.3 ± 2.6 nM and a concentration of 0.24 ± 0.01 pmoles/mg protein in both jejunum and ileum. In a developmental study, the concentration of binding sites was found to decline gradually; from 0.31 ± 0.06 pmoles/mg protein at 5 days to 0.14 ± 0.02 pmoles/mg protein in adults. The presence of these cytoplasmic receptors during the suckling period is taken as evidence that glucocorticoids do act directly on the intestine; but, since there is no dramatic change in their concentration with age, it is unlikely that they play a primary role in the regulation of responsiveness of intestinal tissue to these hormones.
Allergens in Hymenoptera venom: XVIII. Immunoblotting studies of venom allergens☆

Pure venoms from yellow jackets and bees were used to evaluate denaturing and nondenaturing immunoblot techniques and to compare results of IgE antibody-stained immunoblots to RAST with highly purified allergens. Significant differences in IgE antibody binding were observed among all three techniques, suggesting that tertiary conformation is a major factor in the allergenic determinants of venom allergens. IgG antibodies from hyperimmunized animals and from specimens obtained from allergic patients before and after venom immunotherapy appeared to exhibit less conformational dependence for binding. The conformational dependence of IgE antibody binding to bee and yellow jacket phospholipases was confirmed by direct and inhibition RAST studies. The allergens studied were all single polypeptide chains.
Heterocumulene metathesis by iridium guanidinate and ureylene complexes: catalysis involving reversible insertion to form six-membered metallacycles.

The four-membered metallacycles Cp*Ir((NAr)2CZ) have been prepared for Z = NAr and Z = O. These complexes undergo facile exchange with free heterocumulenes. This exchange process can be employed to effect the rapid, catalytic metathesis of aryl carbodiimides at room temperature and the metathesis of aryl carbodiimides with aryl isocyanates at slightly elevated temperature. The exchange process appears to proceed via a novel associative mechanism involving ring expansion to form a six-membered metallacycle rather than cycloreversion to give an imido complex. Observation of key intermediates and the results of crossover experiments support this hypothesis.
Learning and knowledge networks in interdisciplinary collaborations

Interdisciplinary collaboration has become of particular interest as science and social science research increasingly crosses traditional boundaries, raising issues about what kinds of information and knowledge exchange occurs, and thus what to support. Research on interdisciplinarity, learning, and knowledge management suggest the benefits of collaboration are achieved when individuals pool knowledge toward a common goal. Yet, it is not sufficient to say that knowledge exchange must take place; instead, we need to ask what kinds of exchanges form the basis of collaboration in these groups. To explore this, members of three distributed, interdisciplinary teams (one science and two social science teams) were asked what they learned from the five to eight others with whom they worked most closely, and what they thought those others learned from them. Results show the exchange of factual knowledge to be only one of a number of learning exchanges that support the team. Important exchanges also include learning the process of doing something, learning about methods, engaging jointly in research, learning about technology, generating new ideas, socialization into the profession, accessing a network of contacts, and administration work. Distributions of these relations show that there is more sharing of similar than different kinds knowledge, suggesting that knowledge may flow across disciplinary boundaries along lines of practice.
Guidelines for the use and performance of quantitative outcome measures in ALS clinical trials

ALS is a motor neuron disease defined as a progressive, neurological disorder, resulting from variable and combined degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The heterogeneity of clinical involvement early in the course of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose, as well as to identify one unique outcome measure to quantify neurological changes in the course of the disease. Since clinical evidence of upper and lower motor neuron degeneration must exist in four anatomical regions (bulbar, cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral), outcome measures should assess these regions. The WFN Airline House recommendations specify the purpose, properties, and the preferred parameters which serve as outcome measures in ALS clinical trials. The purpose of this document is to serve as a review of these outcome measures in terms of their advantages, disadvantages, sensitivity, reliability, and other characteristics, as well as their proper performance in ALS clinical trials. Generally these outcome measures are allocated to four areas: respiratory function, muscle strength, general function, and bulbar function. Our review leads us to believe that respiratory function and strength provide the most useful information, both for research and clinical purposes, and are essential as outcome measures. Inclusion of bulbar and general function parameters in trial design may increase the possibility of identifying a beneficial effect of therapeutic intervention. It is essential to note that the guidelines and recommendations put forth are intended to provide initial evaluation and critique of the proper employment and performance of these outcome measures in ALS clinical trials, based on the available literature and our experience.
Nonlinear Analysis of Automotive Hydraulic Engine Mount

Nonlinear properties of a generic hydraulic mount with an inertia track are identified and characterized by using experimental and analytical approaches. A low-frequency lumped-parameter mathematical model of the hydraulic mount is developed over 1 to 50 Hz, based on the measured nonlinear system parameters such as the steadystate inertia track fluid resistances and fluid chamber compliances. New experiments specifically designed for this study are also described. The effect of temperature on the mount dynamic properties is discussed briefly
The role of epidemiology in evidence-based policy making: a case study of tobacco use in youth

Abstract Purpose Sound public health policy is based on relevant and timely information. A brief review of the history of youth tobacco control illustrates the central role of epidemiology to inform policy choices and evaluate their consequences. Methods A narrative review was conducted. Results Epidemiologic studies have shown that most smokers begin as adolescents or young adults and individuals who reach their mid-20s as nonsmokers are unlikely to ever become smokers. This key recognition made it clear that long-term tobacco control must prevent initiation of smoking among youth. Over time, tobacco use prevention interventions have evolved, increasing in reach and effectiveness as they moved from initially focusing on the individual to an approach that targets both populations and communities. Effective interventions for preventing youth smoking include raising tobacco prices, clean indoor air laws, and intensive mass media campaigns. Conclusions Great strides have been made in youth tobacco control but 18% of high-school students continue to smoke. It is up to epidemiologists, fellow scientists, practitioners, and advocates to assure that strategies that are known to work are fully implemented and to continue to find more successful solutions that can further lower the incidence of youth smoking initiation and can address new tobacco products and changing contexts.
Sinorhizobium meliloti Mutants Lacking Phosphotransferase System Enzyme HPr or EIIA Are Altered in Diverse Processes, Including Carbon Metabolism, Cobalt Requirements, and Succinoglycan Production

Sinorhizobium meliloti is a member of the Alphaproteobacteria that fixes nitrogen when it is in a symbiotic relationship. Genes for an incomplete phosphotransferase system (PTS) have been found in the genome of S. meliloti. The genes present code for Hpr and ManX (an EIIAMan-type enzyme). HPr and EIIA regulate carbon utilization in other bacteria. hpr and manX in-frame deletion mutants exhibited altered carbon metabolism and other phenotypes. Loss of HPr resulted in partial relief of succinate-mediated catabolite repression, extreme sensitivity to cobalt limitation, rapid die-off during stationary phase, and altered succinoglycan production. Loss of ManX decreased expression of melA-agp and lac, the operons needed for utilization of α- and β-galactosides, slowed growth on diverse carbon sources, and enhanced accumulation of high-molecular-weight succinoglycan. A strain with both hpr and manX deletions exhibited phenotypes similar to those of the strain with a single hpr deletion. Despite these strong phenotypes, deletion mutants exhibited wild-type nodulation and nitrogen fixation when they were inoculated onto Medicago sativa. The results show that HPr and ManX (EIIAMan) are involved in more than carbon regulation in S. meliloti and suggest that the phenotypes observed occur due to activity of HPr or one of its phosphorylated forms.
Who said monitoring is boring

In this article, we extend our previous work [1], which blended gaming in monotonous security tasks to increase operator engagement and enjoyment. Specifically, we expand from a single game presented in [1] to an assortment of games that appeal to different tastes. These include a shooting game, a racket game, and two puzzle games. All games are designed in a way that attracts instead of detracting attention to the monitoring screens. In addition to the game set, we also include a web browser capability symbiotic to the monitoring task. All these applications are tested in a quite realistic pilot experiment, where subjects are monitoring live security feeds. This is in contrast to the experiment on a pre-recorded video feed reported in [1]. The results demonstrate that subject engagement and enjoyment is significantly higher when the monitoring task is multiplexed with imaginative interactive options. This improvement in job satisfaction is achieved without sacrificing performance, as measured by detection of suspicious activities.
Shifts in ubiquinone redox status of rat brain in vitro with cationic stimulation.

–Changes in respiratory rate, ubiquinone (Q) redox status, lactate and pyruvate levels in chopped rat telencephalon were studied after cationic stimulation of respiration. When chopped telencephalon was incubated with glucose as substrate, increasing the K+ concentration from 5 mm to 55 mm was associated with a 57% increase in the respiratory rate and a reduction in Q redox status from 76% oxidized to 64% oxidized. Lactate increased by over 200%. Substitution of pyruvate for glucose with 5 mm-K+ resulted in a respiratory rate that was 78% of that seen with glucose and 55 mm-K+. Increasing K + from 5 mm to 55 mm increased the respiratory rate by only 6%, with pyruvate as substrate. Q underwent a reduction that was half that seen with glucose. Ouabain largely prevented the K +-induced increase in respiratory rate with glucose as substrate, but Q was still reduced by 5 percentage points while lactate and pyruvate were unchanged. When respiration was uncoupled with 2,4-dinitrophenol, increasing the K+ concentration from 5 mM to 55 mm had no further effect on any of the metabolic parameters measured. Deletion of Ca2+ from the medium resulted in an increase in respiration of 18%, but neither the Q redox status nor the levels of lactate or pyruvate were significantly changed. The results demonstrate that the K+-induced stimulation of respiration results from a coordinated metabolic response whereas the stimulation of respiration associated with Ca2+ depletion is probably mediated through ion fluxes at the cell membrane and activation of Na+-K+-activated ATPases.
Operational image systems: a new opportunity

Within the span of a few years, image processing has evolved from an esoteric, expensive technology to an indispensable tool used by modern businesses to manage the overwhelming flood of paperwork. Some of the background for this evolution and the development of the IBM system solution for image processing, Image-Plus™, are described in this paper.
Cognitive apprenticeship theory and its implications for doctoral education: a case example from a doctoral program in higher and adult education

This article argues that the theory of cognitive apprenticeship could inform those who teach and work with doctoral students in ways that enable them to provide students with more systematic preparation, more focused guidance and scaffolding, more explicit feedback, and enhanced preparation for participating in a collaborative way in communities of scholars. Using the author’s teaching experience with a first‐year doctoral seminar in a program in higher education, the article suggests five specific strategies for utilizing the theory of cognitive apprenticeship in practical and effective ways to strengthen the socialization of future scholars. Cet article defend la these selon laquelle la theorie du compagnonnage cognitif (cognitive apprenticeship) peut aider ceux qui enseignent et qui œuvrent aupres des doctorants de facon a fournir a ces derniers une preparation davantage systematique, un accompagnement davantage focalise, une feed‐back plus explicite, ainsi qu’une meilleure preparation a la participati...
The quality of training sample estimates of the Bhattacharyya coefficient

The quality, in terms of the bias and variance, of estimates of the Bhattacharyya coefficient based on n training samples from two classes described by multivariate Gaussian distributions is considered. The case where the classes are described by a common covariance matrix, as well as the case where each class is described by a different covariance matrix, is analyzed. Expressions for the bias and the variance of estimates of the Bhattacharyya coefficient are derived, and numerical examples are used to show the relationship between these parameters, the number of training samples, and the dimensionality of the observation space. >
Southeastern American Kestrels Respond to an Increase in the Availability of Nest Cavities in North-Central Florida

Abstract We conducted a nest-box study from 1989–93 in north-central Florida, in an effort to increase the population of the threatened Southeastern American Kestrel (Falco sparverius paulus) and to evaluate the effect of providing artificial nest sites on the local population. A total of 388 nest boxes were erected in the experimental area. Over 75% of these nest boxes were placed >250 m away from roadside transects we established. This enabled us to measure changes in population density without the potential bias associated with the concentration of kestrels at specific nest-box sites. Annual censuses were conducted along 20 16-km transects to quantify population density in the control (no nest boxes) and treatment zones. Breeding attempts in nest boxes increased during each year of the study. Kestrel densities along the experimental transects increased from 5.0 birds/100 km2 to levels equivalent to the control zone within 3 yr of nest box placement (32.3 vs. 34.9 birds/100 km2). Kestrels preferred nest...
Psychiatric symptoms associated with ephedra use.

The objective of this review is to describe psychiatric adverse events occurring after ingestion of dietary supplements containing herbal ephedra and to assess the possible relationship between sup...
The effects of intravenous infusions of selective adenosine A1-receptor and A2-receptor agonists on myocardial reperfusion injury

To determine the efficacy of very low doses of adenosine on myocardial reperfusion injury and whether its effect is receptor mediated, 78 rabbits underwent 30 minutes of left circumflex artery occlusion and 48 hours of reperfusion. Animals were randomly assigned to receive one of three doses of adenosine, cyclopentyladenosine (a selective A1-receptor agonist), or CGS 21680C (a selective A2-receptor agonist). The drugs were infused for 65 minutes beginning 5 minutes before reperfusion. A significant reduction in histologically determined infarct size was noted with all three doses of adenosine, intermediate and low doses of the A1-receptor agonist (cyclopentyladenosine), and high and intermediate doses of the A2-receptor agonist (CGS 21680C). Furthermore, all three adenosine receptor agonists afforded similar degrees of protection. Results of this study demonstrate that intravenous infusions of very low doses of adenosine significantly enhance myocardial salvage and this protection is receptor mediated. Furthermore, the administration of the A1-receptor agonist would be clinically appealing, since it would avoid the potential side effects associated with activation of A2 receptors.
Prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a multicenter trial.

Background. Infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) show decreased cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone. A pilot study of low-dose hydrocortisone therapy for prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency showed improved survival without BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, particularly in infants exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis. Methods. Mechanically ventilated infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g were enrolled into this multicenter, randomized, masked trial between 12 and 48 hours of life. Patients received placebo or hydrocortisone, 1 mg/kg per day for 12 days, then 0.5 mg/kg per day for 3 days. BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age was defined clinically (receiving supplemental oxygen) and physiologically (supplemental oxygen required for O2 saturation ≥90%). Results. Patient enrollment was stopped at 360 patients because of an increase in spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in the hydrocortisone-treated group. Survival without BPD was similar, defined clinically or physiologically, as were mortality, head circumference, and weight at 36 weeks. For patients exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis (n = 149), hydrocortisone treatment significantly decreased mortality and increased survival without BPD, defined clinically or physiologically. After treatment, cortisol values and response to adrenocorticotropic hormone were similar between groups. Hydrocortisone-treated infants receiving indomethacin had more gastrointestinal perforations than placebo-treated infants receiving indomethacin, suggesting an interactive effect. Conclusions. Prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency did not improve survival without BPD in the overall study population; however, treatment of chorioamnionitis-exposed infants significantly decreased mortality and improved survival without BPD. Low-dose hydrocortisone therapy did not suppress adrenal function or compromise short-term growth. The combination of indomethacin and hydrocortisone should be avoided.
Multi-user VR Classroom with 3D Interaction and Real-Time Motion Detection

This paper presents a multi-user virtual reality classroom with 3D interaction and real-time motion detection through the use of Microsoft kinect. We have developed a multi-user virtual classroom environment with features such as chat, user information display, instructor behavior detection, management control, session recording etc. The management features provide a complete control for the instructor to manage the virtual classroom environment and student activity, such as talking and chatting. The motion detection links the instructor's movement in real-time with the represented avatar in the virtual classroom. We hypothesis that the virtual reality classroom will allow for better learning experiences and will facilitate the mental construction of three-dimensional space due to the "sense of presence" a virtual environment provides. The proposed virtual reality classroom environment mimics the real-time classroom and enhances the learning through real-time interaction between the students and the instructor.
A reaction network model for phenol oxidation in supercritical water

Dilute aqueous solutions of phenol were oxidized in a flow reactor at 420, 440, 460 and 480 C at 250 atm. Phenol disappearance kinetics followed the trends exhibited by previously published data obtained at T < 420 C. By merging the two sets of data, a global rate law for phenol disappearance kinetics valid between 380 and 480 C was determined to be rate = 10{sup 2.34} exp({minus}12.4/RT)[{phi}OH]{sup 0.85}[O{sub 2}]{sup 0.50}[H{sub 2}O]{sup 0.42}. Undesired multiring products, whose formation was reported previously at the lower temperatures, continued to form in high selectivities at these higher temperatures. Reaction products were classified into three categories: dimers, gases, and a remainder that included products from ring-opening reactions. A global reaction network that describes the transformation of phenol into these product groups was developed. Steps in the network are: parallel oxidation paths for phenol that form dimers and ring-opening and other products, secondary decomposition of dimers to ring-opening and other products, and oxidation of the ring0opening and other products to carbon oxides. The experimental product yields were used to determine optimal values for the reaction orders and rate constants for each step in the network. This quantitative reaction model shows that dimerization is the dominantmore » primary path for phenol consumption. High temperatures and long residence times reduce the concentration of dimers in the reactor effluent and maximize the gas yield. High oxygen concentrations also increase the gas yield. The quantitative reaction network model is consistent with previously published product yields for T = 380--420 C.« less
A simulation-based experiment for comparing AMHS performance in a semiconductor fabrication facility

As the cost and complexity of constructing a semiconductor fabrication facility increases, responsive tools are needed for designing and planning its operations. Discrete-event simulation paired with design of experiments is an effective combination. This article demonstrates how simulation in combination with design of experiments is used to compare the intrabay layout of two automated material handling systems. The difference in stocker robot utilization, number of vehicle moves per hour, and average delivery time for the two intrabay layouts will be compared using a fractional factorial experimental design. The study demonstrates that the distributed storage option is preferable for maximizing manufacturing performance. The solution procedure has general applicability as a tutorial for practitioners.
Increased long-term survival of posterior cruciate-retaining versus posterior cruciate-stabilizing total knee replacements.

Background: Considerabledebateremainsregardingtheuseofposteriorcruciate-retainingorposteriorcruciate-stabilizing designs for total knee arthroplasty. Multiple studies have investigated kinematic, radiographic, and clinical outcomes of both. Nevertheless, long-term survivorship analyses directly comparing the two designs have not been performed, to our knowledge. Our goal was to analyze the fifteen-year survival of posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior cruciate-stabilizing total knee replacements at our institution. Methods: A retrospective review identified 8117 total knee arthroplasties (5389 posterior cruciate-retaining and 2728 posterior cruciate-stabilizing) that had been performed from 1988 to 1998. This range was chosen because both designs wereusedinhighvolumesatourinstitutionduringthisperiod.Patientswerefollowedviaourtotaljointregistryatone,two, and five years after the arthroplasty and every five years thereafter. Aseptic revision surgery was the primary end point of our analysis. Implant survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Survival at fifteen years was 90% for posterior cruciate-retaining total knee replacements, compared with 77% forposteriorcruciate-stabilizing totalkneereplacements(p<0.001).Inkneeswithpreoperativedeformity, thefifteen-year survival was 90% for posterior cruciate-retaining total knee replacements, compared with 75% for posterior cruciatestabilizing total knee replacements (p < 0.04). Likewise, in knees without preoperative deformity, the fifteen-year survival was 88% for posterior cruciate-retaining total knee replacements, compared with 78% for posterior cruciate-stabilizing total knee replacements (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, preoperative diagnosis, and preoperative deformity, the risk of revision was significantly lower in knees with a posterior cruciate-retaining total knee replacement (p < 0.001; hazard ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.6). Conclusions: Inevaluatingtheimplants usedatourinstitution fortotalknee arthroplasty duringthestudy period, posterior cruciate-retaining prostheses had significantly improved survival in comparison with posterior cruciate-stabilizing prostheses at fifteen years. Furthermore, this significant difference remained when accounting for age, sex, diagnosis, and deformity. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Evaluation of Grading and Instructional Feedback Skills of Graduate Teaching Assistants in Introductory Psychology.

This study explored graduate teaching assistant (GTA) grading on 480 papers across two writing assignments as integrated into large Introductory Psychology courses. We measured GTA accuracy, consis...
Sterculic Oil, a Natural SCD1 Inhibitor, Improves Glucose Tolerance in Obese ob/ob Mice

Obesity and its metabolic complications are associated with increased expression/activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Reduction or ablation of this enzyme is associated with an improved metabolic profile and has gained attention as a target for pharmaceutical development. Sterculic oil (SO) is a known inhibitor of SCD1 and may provide a natural approach for treating obesity and/or insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SO consumption in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, a model of obesity and insulin resistance. Five-week-old male mice received either an AIN-93G (control) or an AIN-93G diet containing 0.5% SO. After 9 weeks, SO supplementation did not alter food intake or body weight; however, the desaturase indices, a proxy of SCD1 activity, were reduced in liver and adipose tissue of SO-supplemented animals. This reduction was associated with improved glucose and insulin tolerance and attenuated hepatic inflammation in obese ob/ob mice, while no appreciable changes were observed in lean control mice receiving SO. Future studies are needed to better understand the mechanism(s) by which SO is functioning to improve glucose metabolism and to further explore the nutraceutical potential and health implications of SO supplementation.
The free-radical reaction of tri-n-butyltin hydride with peroxides†

Rate constants for the tri-n-butyltin radical (Sn ·) induced decomposition of a number of peroxides have been measured in benzene at 10°C. The values range from ∼100 M−1 sec−1 for di-t-butyl peroxide to 2.6 × 107M−1 sec−1 for di-t-butyl diperoxyisophthalate. The majority of the peroxides, including diethyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, and t-butyl peracetate, have rate constants of ∼105M−1 sec−1. It is shown that di-n-alkyl disulfides are ten times as reactive toward Sn · as di-n-alkyl peroxides, although the exothermicities of these reactions are ∼15 and ∼39 kcal/mole, respectively. The enhanced reactivity of the disulfides is attributed to the easier formation of an intermediate or transition state with 9 electrons around sulfur, compared with an analogous species with 9 electrons around oxygen. The following bond strengths (kcal/mole) have been estimated: D[SnOR] = 77; D[SnH] = 82; D[SnSR] = 83; and D[SnOC(O)R] = 86, where R = alkyl. Rate constants for reaction of Sn · with some benzyl esters have also been measured. It has been found that t-butoxy radicals can add to benzene and abstract hydrogen from benzene at ambient temperatures.
Timing minimization by statistical timing hMetis-based partitioning

In this paper we present statistical timing driven hMetis-based partitioning. We approach timing driven partitioning from a different perspective: we use the statistical timing criticality concept to change the partitioning process itself. We exploit the hyperedge coarsening scheme of the hMetis partitioner for our timing minimization purpose. This allows us to perform partitioning such that the most critical nets in the circuit are not cut and therefore timing minimization can be achieved. The use of the hMetis partitioning algorithm makes our partitioning methodology fast. Simulations results show that 22% average delay improvement can be obtained. Furthermore, as a result of using the statistical timing model, the partitioning results can tolerate changes in temperature and process variation, hence causing less delay change compared to partitioning using static timing models.
Partnerships Among Institutions from Different Sectors of Higher Education: Expanding Views of Collaboration for Outreach and Community Service

Institutional diversity is a great strength of the American higher education system. At times, however, this diversity has acted as a barrier to institutional partnerships for outreach and community service. This paper discusses the findings of a study that examined the perceptions of leaders from different sectors of the higher education community regarding factors affecting interinstitutional agreements and consortia. The findings indicate that different types of institutions can identify common and divergent issues to more effectively form partnerships for community service. Recommendations are presented, particularly regarding non-traditional collaboration for outreachand community service functions.
Studies of Respiratory Control in Submitochondrial Particles and Reconstituted Systems

The stimulation of respiration by uncoupling agents, called respiratory control by analogy with the stimulation of respiration by ADP plus phosphate, has been very useful in studies of the mechanism of energy coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. LOOMIS and LIPMANN (1948) originally reported that the rate of respiration of isolated mitochondria is increased by addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol. This led to the concept that such “uncoupling” agents break down a high-energy intermediate and thus relieve the back pressure of the coupling reactions on the oxidation reactions of the respiratory chain (SLATER, 1953). LEE and ERNSTER (1966) extended these observations by demonstrating that sonically fragmented vesicles of mitochondria, submitochondrial particles, also showed a stimulation of respiration by uncoupling agents, and that the controlled respiration of such preparation corresponded to the ability to couple respiration to various energy-linked functions.
Revenue Sharing in Theory and Practice

How one evaluates revenue sharing will depend upon what one takes the central issues to be. Oddly enough, what must appear to many people to be the issue—namely, how to keep the cities and states from going bankrupt—is not properly speaking an issue at all.
Bruch’s Membrane

Bruch’s membrane has been the subject of extensive investigation, particularly as to its structure because of its importance in the pathogenesis of macular degenerations. WOLFRUM (1908) described the collagenous layer and the elastica of Bruch’s membrane as well as the lamina vitrea as a glassy membrane. This classic description was somewhat forgotten in subsequent reports until the classic series of papers by HOG AN et al. (1971). Indeed, the ultrastructural studies by HOG AN provide the basis for much of this review of Bruch’s membrane. HOGAN has preferred to describe the ultrastructure of Bruch’s membrane in terms of five layers, bounded by the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on its inner side and the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris on its outer side (HOGAN, 1967; Hogan & Alvarado, 1967; HOGAN et al., 1971; Hogan & W[upOOD, 1973). Between these basement membranes are the inner collagenous zone and outer collagenous zone, which are separated by the elastica layer.
Triple-Deckers and Eagle Lecterns: Church Furniture for the Book in Late Medieval and Early Modern England 1

The spirit of the Lord God is upon me: because the Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek.’ When Jesus stood up to read these verses from Isaiah at the start of his public ministry, as he began to reveal himself as the Word in the synagogue of Nazareth, the book ‘he had opened’ at the reading desk was one of the Torah scrolls, brought out for him from the Ark of the Law, the imposing reserve which is, from age to age, the most sacred part of any synagogue. Holy Scripture has always been a public book, a treasure for each synagogue, and for the commonwealth of the Christian community sacred as text and object. But the mystical sanctity of the Bible, and holy books in general, has raised a perennial problem. Precious books have usually been hedged round by restrictions to protect them from the profane, even at the cost of obscuring the public approach which is a necessary part of assembled worship. In this episode in the life of Christ, when the listeners grew too ‘filled with wrath’ for him to continue, we meet the deep and recurrent tension between the community’s need to hear the Word, and the conflicting desire to shield its essential sanctity, which accompanied the book from Judaism in transition to the Christian Church.
Automatically Learning to Teach to the Learning Objectives

We seek to automatically identify which items to include in a set of curriculum, and how to adaptively select these items, in order to maximize student performance on some specified set of learning objectives. Our experimental results with a histogram tutoring system suggest that Bayesian Optimization can quickly (with only a small amount of student data) find good parameters, and may help instructors identify misalignment between their course, and their desired learning objectives.
Evaluation to Include Endometrial Carcinoma in Universal Lynch Syndrome Screening at Geisinger Health System

Introduction: Lynch syndrome (LS) is characterized by an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and endometrial cancer (EC). Half of patients present with a gynecologic malignancy as their sentinel cancer. Screening LS patients can find precancerous lesions and prevent cancer morbidity and mortality. Implementation of universal Lynch Syndrome screening (ULS) programs is a public health priority that has been adopted by multiple …
Preliminaries on Vectors and Calculus

In writing this primer, I have assumed that the reader has had courses in linear algebra and calculus. This being so, I have more often than not found that these topics have been forgotten.Here, I review some of the basics. But it is a terse review, and I strongly recommend that readers review their own class notes and other texts on these topics in order to fill the gaps in their knowledge. Students who are able to differentiate vectors and are familiar with the chain and product rules of calculus have a distinct advantage in comprehending the material in this primer and in other courses. I have never been able to sufficiently emphasize this point to students at the beginning of an undergraduate dynamics course.
Detection of glucocorticoid sensitive secretory proteins from human melanoma cells.

NEL-M1 human melanoma cells have been established to grow in Ham's F12 medium in the absence of serum, hormones, and exogenous growth factors. Conditioned medium from NEL-M1 cultures stimulates growth of these same cells whereas glucocorticoids retard growth in the presence and absence of conditioned medium. Because recent reports indicate that glucocorticoids inhibit the synthesis of growth factors from a variety of cell types, we hypothesized that glucocorticoids may be inhibiting growth of NEL-M1 cells by either suppressing the synthesis of the autocrine growth factor or regulating other secretory proteins that may inhibit the activity of the autocrine growth factor. Initial studies were done to clearly show that NEL-M1 cells were growth inhibited, both in vivo and in vitro, when exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide (TA). When NEL-M1 cells were injected into nude mice and treated with TA (100 μg per mouse per week) a 67% reduction in tumor mass was observed compared to the control group over a 5-wk growth period. Additional studies show that in a serum-free defined medium TA (100 nM) inhibited growth of MEL-M1 cells by 56% after 6 d in culture. At this same time TA was shown to affect the expression of several proteins secreted from these cells. TA treatment resulted in the appearance of a 125 000 molecular weight protein, suppression of the synthesis-secretion of three proteins (37 000, 57 000, and 76 000 molecular weight) and enhanced expression of a 60 000-molecular weight protein. However when NEL-M1 cells were cultured in conditioned medium from TA-treated cells, a stimulation in both [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and cell proliferation was observed. When the conditioned medium was fractionated by Amicon ultrafiltration, the growth stimulatory activity was found in the <10 000 molecular weight fraction. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids, as a single agent, inhibit the growth of NEL-M1 human melanoma cells. However, this growth inhibition by glucocorticoids may not be through the regulation of the synthesis-secretion of the autocrine growth factor. Furthermore, the data suggest that the glucocorticoid-sensitive secretory proteins may not be directly involved in the in vitro regulation of NEL-M1 cellular growth.
Numerical dispersion of SH waves in the thin-layer method

Publisher Summary This chapter presents numerical dispersion of SH waves in the thin-layer method (TLM). The TLM is an effective numerical tool for the analysis of stresses, deformations, and wave motions in laminated media. In a nutshell, the TLM combines the finite element method in the direction of layering together with analytical solutions in the remaining directions. Because of the partial discretization employed, the TLM is subjected to numerical dispersion, the degree of which depends on the refinement of the model. The chapter characterizes analytically the numerical dispersion in the TLM for both linear and quadratic expansions in the context of antiplane waves. It develops optimal tuning factors to minimize the numerical dispersion error and improve the accuracy. The numerical results obtained are compared with both the TLM and the exact continuous models to verify the effectiveness of optimal tuning factors.
Long-term outcomes after thiotepa-based high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) is considered the standard approach for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).1 The therapeutic rationale for auto-HCT is the delivery of myeloablative doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation without overlapping toxicities, thus increasing the response of the resistant lymphoma cells. Relapse/progression of lymphoma and to a lesser extent non-relapse mortality (NRM) remain limitations to treatment success. Although several conditioning regimens are available, including the commonly utilized BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan)2 and CBV (cyclophosphamide, carmustine, etoposide),3 there is no general consensus regarding a standard conditioning approach in lymphoproliferative disorders.