cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Prescription Program: A Pilot Randomized Comparator Trial

Abstract Background The American Heart Association wants to increase the number of citizens who know how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It is unknown whether giving patients a prescription (Rx) to learn CPR is effective. We sought to determine if patients with, or at risk for, heart disease and their families were more likely to follow prescriptive advice to buy a CPR Anytime ™ kit (American Heart Association, Dallas, TX) or to take a CPR class. Methods This was a prospective randomized pilot study of a convenience sample of 162 patients who presented to one of three recruiting sites: a suburban community emergency department (ED), an office-based primary care (IM), or cardiology (CD) setting. After consent was obtained, CPR-naive participants aged > 44 years were randomized to one of two study arms. One group received a Rx for a CPR Anytime ™ self-learning kit, consisting of a CPR mannequin and a 22-minute DVD. The comparator group was prescribed a CPR class. Results At the IM office, 7/29 (24%), at the CD office 3/25 (12%), and at the ED 2/23 (9%) patients purchased the CPR kit. Across both investigational arms, 4 were lost to follow-up, yielding approximately 15% (12/77) who followed Rx advice to purchase the CPR kit and 0% (0/79) who took a CPR class. Cumulatively, a participant was significantly more likely to purchase a kit than to take a class ( p = 0.0004). Conclusion Patients can be motivated to purchase CPR Anytime ™ kits but not to take a CPR class from prescribed advice.
Effective mechanical properties of EM composite conductors: an analytical and finite element modeling approach

An analytical model and numerical approach to predict the effective mechanical properties of a composite conductor consisting of metallic core and insulation layers are presented in this paper. The analytical model was developed based on a two-step homogenizations and mechanics analysis for composite unit cell. The Step 1 homogenization derives the effective properties of the out-wrapped composite insulation layers. The Step 2 homogenization further smears the metallic core and the effective composite insulation layers to develop homogenized mechanical properties for composite conductor according to appropriate homogenization sequences. The procedure of using numerical approach and finite element method to determine the unit cell effective constants were also described and the results of the FEA prediction were presented. The analytical predictions were compared well to the numerical results for the nine material constants that characterize the effective mechanical properties of the composite conductor.
Regression to the mean in substance use disorder treatment research.

Aims Regression to the mean (RTM) refers to the tendency for a group of cases that differ from the population mean to move (regress) towards the mean, on average, when re-assessed, if scores at the two points are less than perfectly correlated. This paper considers factors that affect the magnitude of RTM and how RTM may impact findings from primary studies and reviews of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Design and methods The paper is guided largely by A Primer on Regression Artifacts by Campbell and Kenny. It reviews potential RTM effects in three areas of SUD treatment research. One is the extent to which within-group improvement in comparative treatment trials, including 'placebo effects', is a function of RTM. The second is the vulnerability of treatment evaluations employing non-equivalent control group designs to RTM and biased estimates of treatment effects when matching, or statistical equating is used to adjust for pre-existing group differences. The final issue is the impact of RTM in syntheses of research findings on SUD treatments. In particular, the tendency for later studies of a particular intervention to have smaller treatment effect sizes relative to earlier studies is considered as an RTM phenomenon. Findings RTM is a pervasive, but often unrecognized phenomenon that can bias findings in SUD treatment studies and in systematic reviews of that research. Conclusion SUD treatment researchers should be aware of RTM, take any available steps to reduce it, and try to diagnose whether it is still affecting research findings.
High incidence of multiple antibiotic resistant cells in cultures of in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

The spontaneous incidence of chloramphenicol (Cam) resistant mutant bacteria is at least ten-fold higher in cultures of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 than in E. coli K-12. It is at least 100-fold higher in the dam (DNA adenine methyltransferase) derivative of EDL933, compared to the dam strain of E. coli K-12, thereby preventing the use of Cam resistance as a marker in gene replacement technology. Genome sequencing of Cam-resistant isolates of EDL933 and its dam derivatives showed that the marR (multiple antibiotic resistance) gene was mutated in every case but not in the Cam-sensitive parental strains. As expected from mutation in the marR gene, the Cam-resistant bacteria were also found to be resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. The marR gene in strain EDL933 is annotated as a shorter open reading frame than that in E. coli K-12 but the longer marR(+) open reading frame was more efficient at complementing the marR antibiotic-resistance phenotype of strain EDL933. Beta-lactamase-tolerant derivatives were present at frequencies 10-100 times greater in cultures of marR derivatives of strain EDL933 than the parent strain. Spontaneous mutation frequency to rifampicin, spectinomycin and streptomycin resistance was the same in E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli K-12 strains.
Texture estimation with neural networks

The authors investigate the use of neural networks for the direct estimation of image texture. Unlike previous approaches where networks are used to make decisions on feature vectors derived from traditional techniques, or where a network is trained to perform the function of a traditional technique, the proposed approach uses a network to directly model texture. The envisioned approaches to this method are described. Preliminary results of one-dimensional tests show that a neural network implementation is very adapt at recognizing irregular signals, even in the presence of added noise. This is intended to be applied in a Seafloor Acoustic Imagery via sidescan imagery. >
Predicting Clustering From Semantic Structure

This study presents a process model for predicting the strength of semantic clustering within homogeneous semantic domains. The key element of the model is the assumption that clustering between adjacent items in recall is a function of their semantic similarity defined by proximity in a multidimensional space. Data from 17 word lists drawn from various homogeneous semantic domains were collected by a method that simultaneously provides interitem proximity data for similarity scaling and creates a memory list for later recall. Wide variation in the strength of semantic clustering was observed among the 17 word lists. Subjects' clustering performance was in close correspondence to predictions derived from the process model. Moreover, the degree of observed and simulated clustering across lists was strongly associated with distributional features of the semantic structure of the word lists.
Representational Transfer in Problem Solving

Previous research on transfer in problem-solving has primarily been concerned with the transfer of a specific solution procedure from a source problem to an analogous target problem. This paper considers whether transfer may also occur at a more general level of description, namely that responsible for specifying a common representation (e.g., a matrix) for two problems. The results of an experiment showed convincingly that representational transfer can occur in the absence of a common solution procedure for the problems. This result opens up a new area of research on transfer in problem solving.
State Leaders' Perspectives on Early Childhood Education: Out of the Mouths of Experts

(1993). State Leaders' Perspectives on Early Childhood Education: Out of the Mouths of Experts. Childhood Education: Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 84-86.
Distributed design-space exploration for high-level synthesis systems

A parallel algorithm for design-space exploration and trade-off analysis is presented. Coarse-grained parallelism is introduced by generating multiple module bags and performing scheduling and performance analysis of the data flow graph for each module bag in parallel. This algorithm was implemented on a multiple processor machine as part of a distributed high-level synthesis system. Experimental results showed reduction in search time, improvement in design quality, and close-to-linear speedup. >
Expert system for the development of ATE software

The authors explain the design and operation of an expert system used to develop test program sets for fault detection and isolation on circuit card assemblies. The expert system produces control software code and accompanying documentation for the testing programs that are used to control automated testing equipment. >
Maintenance of Hyporesponsiveness to Antigen by a Distinct Subclass of T Lymphocytes

Immunization with increasing doses of SRBC, in excess of 10 8 , results in a progressive decline in the anti-SRBC PFC response. This hyporesponsive state is antigen specific and is reflected in a decrease of both T helper and B antibody-forming activity. We asked whether the apparent defect of T helper activity reflected a) an absence of αSRBC helper T cell activity, or b) the presence of SRBC-specific suppressor T cells within the hyporesponsive population. Our results indicate that at least a portion of hyporesponsiveness noted after antigen exposure to large doses of antigen can be ascribed to specific suppressor T cell activation. Fractionation of the suppressive T cell population using Ly antiserum showed that specific suppressive activity was mediated by a subclass of T cells (Ly2 + ), distinct from that committed to express helper function (Ly1).
Whatever happened to qualitative description

The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to claim the method they are using: namely, qualitative description. Qualitative descriptive studies have as their goal a comprehensive summary of events in the everyday terms of those events. Researchers conducting qualitative descriptive studies stay close to their data and to the surface of words and events. Qualitative descriptive designs typically are an eclectic but reasonable combination of sampling, and data collection, analysis, and re-presentation techniques. Qualitative descriptive study is the method of choice when straight descriptions of phenomena are desired.
Correction to "On the existence of positive-definite maximum-likelihood estimates of structured covariance matrices"

A correction to, and a more complete proof of, Theorem 1 of Fuhrmann and Miller (see ibid., vol.34, no.7, p.722-29, 1988) is given. We consider the existence of solutions to the maximum-likelihood (ML) structured covariance estimation problem. In particular, we are interested in determining the circumstances under which the log likelihood is unbounded above for a given covariance constraint set R and a data set x/sub 1/...x/sub M/. Theorem 1 states that, provided certain conditions are met by the constraint set R, the log likelihood is unbounded above if and only if there exists some singular matrix R/sub 0/ in R whose range space contains the data. We refer to the latter occurrence as the failure condition of the ML covariance estimation problem. This result has a certain intuitive appeal; however, one must take care in specifying the conditions on R for this to be precisely correct. In the statement of Theorem 1, two restrictions are given, one for sufficiency and one for necessity. Both restrictions as stated are in error. In this article we propose modified restrictions on the space of covariances R which will correct these errors.
The Hematology and Oncology Pediatric Patient: A Review of Fever and Neutropenia, Blood Transfusions, and Other Complex Problems

Pediatric hematology and oncology patients represent a unique type of pediatric patient with complex medical problems and "high-tech" challenges. For this reason, these patients may provoke anxiety in health care practitioners. Treating children with cancer and blood diseases, such as leukemia, anemia, and bone marrow failure, should have a systematic approach to their care. This chapter serves as a guideline for these distinctive characteristics and provides a process for the evaluation and management of their health care considerations. We will especially focus on fever and neutropenia in oncology patients and make mention of transfusion of blood products.
Chasing the Fox and the Wolf: Hunting in the Religious Polemic of William Turner

This article examines the use of the practice of hunting in three different religious polemics by William Turner, published between 1543 and 1555. Using the hunt, Turner extends and develops a traditional satirical formulation of calling one's opponents foxes and wolves, making it an integral part of his argument rather than a convenient and soon-discarded frame. Turner is not an aristocrat, conversant with all the technical jargon of the hunt, but he is still able to exploit a detailed knowledge of the procedures of the hunt and the behaviors of various prey in order to appeal to Henry VIII and the nobles who are hopefully interested in further reform. The article also shows how Turner develops his use of the hunt across his polemics, changing his rhetorical position and his choice of prey as his argument requires, developing the allegory with practical information about the hunt and about the system of forest laws in England.
Approximations to e

This result appears as problem 168 in [8], and Dence [7] extensively investigates the monotonic nature of this approximation to e. We will use geometrically obvious properties of convex functions (whose proofs are well known and require only a standard first semester course in calculus) to establish this result. It is easily shown that if the second derivative of a function f is nonnegative for a < t < b (see FIGURE 1), then
Rethinking Bateman’s Principles: Challenging Persistent Myths of Sexually Reluctant Females and Promiscuous Males

In 1948, Angus Bateman published a paper on fruit flies that tested Charles Darwin's ideas of sexual selection. Based on this one fruit fly study, Bateman concluded that because males are able to produce millions of small sperm, males are likely to behave promiscuously, mating with as many females as possible. On the other hand, because females produce relatively fewer, larger, and presumably more expensive eggs, females are likely to be very discriminating in selecting only one high-quality sexual partner. He also posited that a male's reproductive success increases linearly with the number of females he is able to mate with, but that a female's reproductive success peaks after she mates with only one male. Consequently, in almost all organisms, sexual selection acts most strongly on males. These ideas became a recurring theme in attempts to explain wide-ranging differences in male and female behavior not only in nonhuman animals but also in humans. As such, Bateman's conclusions and predictions have become axiomatic and, at times, have gone unquestioned even when modern empirical data do not conform to this model. This article reviews the origins and history of these ideas and uses modern data to highlight the current and growing controversy surrounding the validity and general applicability of this paradigm.
Autonomous Carrier Landing System for the A/V-8B Harrier like UAV

Abstract This paper presents a framework for designing an autonomous carrier landing system for the A/V-8B Harrier like UAV using gain-scheduled autopilots. A non-linear high fidelity model of the aircraft is trimmed and linearized at a number of flight conditions following which feedback gains are determined using Linear Quadratic optimal control techniques. Inter-mode coupling and control cross-coupling are investigated with an objective to suppress adverse control surface deflections. Kinematic model of a Nimitz class carrier, subjected to sea-state perturbations, is considered for simulating carrier motion. Guidance laws, which facilitate rendezvous of the aircraft with the carrier are presented. The autonomous landing system is implemented on the non-linear aircraft model, and a simulation is conducted from which it is inferred that the system successfully lands the aircraft with the required precision.
The SWOT Analysis of One Foundation Based on its Performance in Public Crisis

In Wenchuan earthquake,the official measures were timely and effective and Non Government Organizations performed well.They have won great attention and respect;ONE Foundation’s behaviors in the earthquake have won obvious achievements.But due to various reasons,there are still some problems in its development.The One Foundation’s development is studied by using SWOT method to find out the main problems.And the corresponding strategies are put forward.
State Estimation Under Unknown Noises — A Least-Squares Approach

A simple filter for state estimation of linear systems under unknown noises is developed. Through state space model, the current state of the system is linked to previous measurement data and can be estimated by using least-squares techniques. Due to the unknown process noise, past data are regarded as of decaying importance in determining the current state and a forgeting factor is employed in the recursive least-squares to function fading memory. The relations between the fading memory filter and the Kaiman filter are discussed. A numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.
Hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in the Absence of a Monoclonal Protein (MP)

Although hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in the presence of an MP is a well-known occurrence, there is less description of the correlates of HGG in the absence of a MP. GG concentration (GGC) was determined by SPEP using a Hydrasys system (Sebia, Norcross, GA) and an Ortho 5.1 chemistry analyzer (OCD; Rochester, NY) both according to manufacturers' directions. GGC was calculated as the product …
Constructing a genetic linkage map of Vitis aestivalis-derived “Norton” and its use in comparing Norton and Cynthiana

The first microsatellite-based linkage map for Vitis aestivalis was constructed using 183 progeny from the crosses of V. aestivalis-derived “Norton” and V. vinifera “Cabernet Sauvignon”. A total of 1157 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were tested, 859 were amplified via PCR and 413 were polymorphic for at least one parent. The map for Norton consisted of 376 markers and covered 1496.6 centimorgan (cM) on 19 chromosomes. The consensus map consisted of 411 markers on 19 linkage groups with a total distance of 1678.6 cM. Although isozyme and SSR marker analyses in 1993 and 2009 provided preliminary evidence that Norton and Cynthiana grapes are genetically identical, only five banding patterns and four microsatellite loci were reported. This study characterized the relationship between these two cultivars using 185 microsatellites spanning 19 linkage groups for a genome-wide analysis. Four accessions of Norton and three accessions of Cynthiana were used; capillary electrophoresis results revealed Norton and Cynthiana to be identical at all selected loci.
Effect of complex formation on drug absorption VIII. Intestinal transfer characteristics of the salicylamide‐caffeine system

Abstract Salicylamide and caffeine form a complex in aqueous solution which has an apparent lipoid-aqueous partition coefficient intermediate between the partition coefficients of free salicylamide and free caffeine. The transfer rate of salicylamide across the cannulated everted intestine of the rat is decreased in the presence of caffeine at a concentration sufficient to complex an appreciable fraction of the salicylamide. on the other hand, complex formation with salicylamide has no measurable effect on the intestinal transfer rate of caffeine. These observations suggest that the complex can be transferred as such and that diffusion of the drugs through the bulk solution to the membrane surface is not transfer rate limiting. A theoretical analysis of the simultaneous equilibria involved in the partitioning between an organic and an aqueous phase of two interacting drugs in the presence of one another shows that the apparent partition coefficient of a drug complex does not necessarily represent the ratio of transfer rate constants of the complex itself across the interface. For this reason, it should not be assumed that there will always be a correlation between the apparent partition coefficient and the intestinal transfer rate constant of drug complexes. The results of the reported study support this conclusion.
Safety of Outpatient Total Ankle Arthroplasty vs Traditional Inpatient Admission or Overnight Observation.

Background:Total joint surgeons have successfully performed hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty procedures in the outpatient setting without compromising safety, satisfaction, or results. The purp...
Sparsity and Independence: Balancing Two Objectives in Optimization for Source Separation with Application to fMRI Analysis

Abstract Because of its wide applicability in various disciplines, blind source separation (BSS), has been an active area of research. For a given dataset, BSS provides useful decompositions under minimum assumptions typically by making use of statistical properties—types of diversity—of the data. Two popular types of diversity that have proven useful for many applications are statistical independence and sparsity. Although many methods have been proposed for the solution of the BSS problem that take either the statistical independence or the sparsity of the data into account, there is no unified method that can take into account both types of diversity simultaneously. In this work, we provide a mathematical framework that enables direct control over the influence of these two types of diversity and apply the proposed framework to the development of an effective ICA algorithm that can jointly exploit independence and sparsity. In addition, due to its importance in biomedical applications, we propose a new model reproducibility framework for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Using simulated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we study the trade-offs between the use of sparsity versus independence in terms of the separation accuracy and reproducibility of the algorithm and provide guidance on how to balance these two objectives in real world applications where the ground truth is not available.
Research Priorities in Subspecialty Palliative Care: Policy Initiatives

Abstract Palliative care demonstrably improves quality of life for the seriously ill in a manner that averts preventable health crises and their associated costs. Because of these outcomes, palliative care is now broadening its reach beyond hospitals, and hospice care for those near death, to patients and their families living in the community with chronic multimorbidities that have uncertain or long expected survival. In this article, we address research needed to enable policies supportive of palliative care access and quality, including changes in regulatory, accreditation, financing, and training approaches in the purview of policy makers. Mr. K. is an 86-year-old male with multimorbidities, including severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation therapy. He fell in his mobile home and was unable to reach the telephone to call for help. Six hours later, his neighbor found him lying on the bedroom f...
Analysis of the paralysis of government leadership in sub-Saharan Africa

This article examines the nature of the paralysis of public governance, leadership, conflict and economic development in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that ineffective political leadership and conflict will serve as a lever to poor economic growth and social development. Servant leadership and democratic representation are the continuous process of development that could be accomplished through the participation of the citizens in their own development. The dynamics of development and participation at both national and grassroots levels must involve the exposure of government change agents to peace, participatory learning and action models. The article uses data derived from primary and secondary sources to analyse the problem of political conflict, peace, leadership and economic growth. The conceptual framework is based on the structural conflict theory, negative and positive peace theories, frustration-aggression theory, physiological theories, human needs theory and economic theories. The findings show that there is a negative correlation between authoritarian political leadership and economic growth in Africa. In addition, there is a positive relationship between authoritarian political leadership and conflict in several countries in Africa. The article recommends internal and external mediation and peace education mechanisms to prevent conflict from escalating or degenerating into avoidable crises. Thus, government, private sector and nongovernmental organisations should collaborate to restore justice and equality by liberating citizens from cultural, and ethnic elements that subjugate them. The nations in sub-Saharan Africa need to establish capacity-building initiatives that could help to nurture changes in behaviour, attitudes, peace and humanist paradigm, as well as offer not only the basis for self-reliance, participatory sustainable development, but also a means to peaceful shared governance and inclusive democracy.
Process Control with Lot Sizing

One of the widely used statistical approaches to maintaining control of a process is the control chart. To use this tool, the designer must determine three parameters: the sample size to be taken from the output of the process, the control limits on the chart, and the number of units to be produced between samplings (the intersample interval). The general procedure is administered as follows: near the end of the intersample interval a number of units are taken from the output of the process; the sampled units are inspected; if the resulting information does not fit within the prescribed control limits, the process is stopped and investigated for the presence of an assignable source that may be altering the output of the process.
Interdependent Effects of Autonomous and Controlled Regulation on Exercise Behavior.

Self-determination theory (SDT) is used to predict individual differences in goal-directed behavior. A fundamental tenet of SDT is that autonomously regulated behavior is more likely to be engaged in and sustained than externally controlled behavior. Unidimensional treatment of regulation is suboptimal. The current study utilizes a multidimensional approach—polynomial regression—to evaluate the interdependent effects of autonomous and controlled regulation on physical activity. Results from three samples of healthy, younger adults demonstrate a mostly positive influence of autonomous regulation but a curvilinear effect of controlled regulation on behavior such that greater activity was associated with moderate levels of controlled regulation—an effect that cannot be identified with “unidimensional” methods. Results from Sample 3 showed that autonomous regulation was associated with greater exercise levels only when controlled regulation was moderate or high. Results suggest that controlled regulation is n...
Gene Transfer Investigations of Oncogenes Activated by Chromosomal Translocations in Human Lymphomas and Leukemias: BCL2 and C-MYC

Chromosomal translocations involving immunoglobulin gene loci activate the BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2) and C-MYC oncogenes in many non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphomas. BCL2 and C-MYC encode membrane-associated GTP-binding and nuclear DNA-binding proteins, respectively, whose mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Using gene transfer approaches, we contrasted the actions of these and other oncogenes. In a human B-cell line, BCL2 and C-MYC enhanced in vitro growth and tumorigenicity, providing direct evidence for their importance in the pathogenesis of the human B-cell lymphomas. Introduction of these two oncogenes into a human T-cell line revealed synergy between BCL2 and C-MYC, suggesting that they control complementary growth pathways in lymphoid cells. In contrast, BCL2 and C-MYC behaved similarly in without inducing morphological transformation; (b) complemented with a RAS oncogene in the malignant transformation of the rat embryo fibroblasts; and (c) partially abrogated the dependence of NIH 3T3 cells on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) for in vitro growth. These findings begin to define the biological actions of BCL2 and C-MYC, and suggest that they control overlapping but distinct pathways involved in the regulation of normal and neoplastic cell growth.
Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization.

Abstract Here we detail a previously unappreciated loss mechanism inherent to capacitive deionization (CDI) cycling operation that has a substantial role determining performance. This mechanism reflects the fact that desalinated water inside a cell is partially lost to re-salination if desorption is carried out immediately after adsorption. We describe such effects by a parameter called the flow efficiency, and show that this efficiency is distinct from and yet multiplicative with other highly-studied adsorption efficiencies. Flow losses can be minimized by flowing more feed solution through the cell during desalination; however, this also results in less effluent concentration reduction. While the rationale outlined here is applicable to all CDI cell architectures that rely on cycling, we validate our model with a flow-through electrode CDI device operated in constant-current mode. We find excellent agreement between flow efficiency model predictions and experimental results, thus giving researchers simple equations by which they can estimate this distinct loss process for their operation.
Identifying the Presence of Cognitive Apprenticeship in the Layered Learning Practice Model.

Objective. To identify the presence of cognitive apprenticeship themes in the layered learning practice model (LLPM).Methods. Attending pharmacists who had implemented an LLPM completed an individual 90-minute face-to-face semi-structured interview. Three researchers independently reviewed transcripts to identify cognitive apprenticeship themes according to the framework’s dimensions and sub-dimensions.Results. Of 25 eligible attending pharmacists, 24 (96%) agreed to participate. All core dimensions of the cognitive apprenticeship framework emerged during the interviews; however, preceptors varied in how they used the framework in the training of pharmacy learners at different levels. This variability was especially apparent within the sub-dimensions of the content and method domains.Conclusion. This study demonstrates that all four cognitive apprenticeship principles are being used in the clinical environments operationalizing the LLPM. These findings suggest that cognitive apprenticeship is an applicabl...
Fourier-Motzkin Elimination and Its Dual with Application to Integer Programming

Research on linear inequalities systems prior to 1947 consisted of isolated efforts “by a few investigators. A case in point is the elimination technique for reducing the number of variables in the system. A description of the method can “be found in Fourier [1], Dines [2], and Motzkin [3]. It differs from its analog for systems of equations in that (unfortunately) each step in the elimination can greatly increase the number of inequalities in the remaining variables. For years the method was referred to as the Motzkin Elimination Method. However, because of the odd grave-digging custom of looking for artifacts in long forgotten papers, it is now known as the Fourier-Motzkin Elimination Method and perhaps will eventually be known as the Fourier-Dines-Motzkin Elimination Method.
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF THE INTRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX IN FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on thermodynamics and kinetics of the intramolecular complex in flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The existence of an intramolecular complex in FAD between adenine and isoalloxazine rings is now well proven. The quantum efficiency of a population of fluorescent molecules can be affected by static quenching due to molecular interactions in the ground state predating excitation and dynamic quenching of the excited singlet state because of interactions throughout the excited singlet lifetime. A visual comparison of the measured lifetimes and quantum efficiencies immediately reveals the nature of the quenching. Van't Hoff and Arrhenius plots yielded the thermodynamic constants, which reveal four important characteristics of the strong isoalloxazine–adenine interactions in water. The quantitative results are in agreement with other experimental observations on stacked dinucleotides and polynucleotides in which negative entropy and enthalpy changes of formation have also been found.
Selected References on Optical Computing Using Phase Conjugation

There are many potential advantages for applying phase conjugation to optical computing. Phase conjugation can be used to provide optical amplification, thresholding, optical feedback and exact retroreflection. These properties, either singly or in combination can be used in various architectures to implement a host of computing algorithms.
Generalizations of the Relativistic OPW Method Including Overlapping and Non-Overlapping Atomic Orbitals

The advantages and disadvantages of the standard orthogonalized plane-wave (OPW) method for calculating electronic band structures are briefly examined. Then, following Herring (1940), the possibility of increasing the convergence of the OPW method by including certain ‘outer-core’ auxiliary tight-binding functions in the OPW basis set is investigated. It is argued that, contrary to much recent work, the overlap of core and outer-core functions on neighboring lattice sites is non-negligible in many materials and must be taken into account (either directly or indirectly) if a modified OPW method is to form the basis for a flexible and rapidly convergent scheme for metals and semi-conductors. Detailed expressions are derived for the relativistic OPW and modified OPW matrix elements which include l-dependent potentials and overlapping orbitals.
Leveraging Semantics for Incremental Learning in Multi-Relational Embeddings.

Service robots benefit from encoding information in semantically meaningful ways to enable more robust task execution. Prior work has shown multi-relational embeddings can encode semantic knowledge graphs to promote generalizability and scalability, but only within a batched learning paradigm. We present Incremental Semantic Initialization (ISI), an incremental learning approach that enables novel semantic concepts to be initialized in the embedding in relation to previously learned embeddings of semantically similar concepts. We evaluate ISI on mined AI2Thor and MatterPort3D datasets; our experiments show that on average ISI improves immediate query performance by 41.4%. Additionally, ISI methods on average reduced the number of epochs required to approach model convergence by 78.2%.
East Syriac Literary Life in the mid-16th Century: ‘Abdīšō‘ of Gāzartā and Older Contemporary Poets

The article discusses the East Syriac literary circle of the of the early Ottoman Empire period. Its most important representative is ʿAbdīsōʿ of Gāzartā, the second patriarch of the new Church (1555–1570), and also an outstanding poet, whose legacy remains to a large extent unstudied, though. Even less is known about the works of his contemporaries, such as Darwīs of Gāzartā, Abrāhām of Bēt Slōk and ʿAṭāyā of Gāzartā. They communicated with him, and devoted his poems at least to the first two of them, despite their belonging to the traditionalist (“Nestorian”) patriarchate. Based on the texts and manuscripts unknown before, the paper shows in the article that the literary circle of that period was determined not by the Church affiliation, but rather geographically. ʿAbdīsōʿ as well as the poets he communicated with originated from the town of Gāzartā (North Mesopotamia, present Turkey) or from its neighbourhood, and some of them might have been his relatives. As a result of the long coexistence with Persian and Arabic Islamic culture, the sphere of use of poetry in the Syriac tradition was expanding in the next centuries. Its further development in the 16th century is one of numerous examples of wide use of the literary canons created in the period of so-called Syriac Renaissance (11th –14th centuries). In the Ottoman time, the extension of poetry use reached its apogee, taking into consideration also numerous short poems written by the scribes as verse additions to various manuscripts.
Acceptability and Effects of Commercially Available Activity Trackers for Chronic Pain Management Among Older African American Adults.

Background Wearable activity trackers may facilitate walking for chronic pain management. Objective We assessed the acceptability of a commercially available tracker and three alternative modes of reporting daily steps among older adults in a low-income, urban community. We examined whether using the tracker (Fitbit ZipTM) was associated with improvements in functioning and activity. Design Randomized controlled pilot and feasibility trial. Subjects Fifty-one African American adults in Detroit, Michigan, aged 60 to 85 years, with chronic musculoskeletal pain (28 in the intervention group, 23 controls). Methods Participants completed telephone surveys at baseline and eight weeks. Intervention participants wore trackers for six weeks, alternately reporting daily step counts via text messages, automated telephone calls, and syncing (two weeks each). We used multimethods to assess satisfaction with trackers and reporting modalities. Adherence was indicated by the proportion of expected days on which valid step counts were reported. We assessed changes in pain interference, physical function, social participation, walking frequency, and walking duration. Results More than 90% of participants rated trackers as easy to use, but some had technical or dexterity-related difficulties. Text reporting yielded 79% reporting adherence vs 69% each for automated calls and syncing. Intervention participants did not show greater improvement in functioning or walking than controls. Conclusions With appropriate support, wearable activity trackers and mHealth reporting for chronic pain self-care are feasible for use by vulnerable older adults. Future research should test whether the effects of trackers on pain-related outcomes can be enhanced by incorporating behavior change strategies and training in evidence-based cognitive-behavioral techniques.
On Dyakonov–Voigt surface waves guided by the planar interface of dissipative materials

Dyakonov–Voigt (DV) surface waves guided by the planar interface of (i) material $ {\cal A} $A, which is a uniaxial dielectric material specified by a relative permittivity dyadic with eigenvalues $ \varepsilon _{\cal A}^s $eAs and $ \varepsilon _{\cal A}^t $eAt, and (ii) material $ {\cal B} $B, which is an isotropic dielectric material with relative permittivity $ {\varepsilon _{\cal B}} $eB, are numerically investigated by solving the corresponding canonical boundary-value problem. The two partnering materials were generally dissipative, with the optic axis of material $ {\cal A} $A being inclined at the angle $ \chi \in [ {{0^ \circ },{{90}^ \circ }} ] $χ∈[0∘,90∘] relative to the interface plane. No solutions of the dispersion equation for DV surface waves exist when $ \chi = {90^ \circ } $χ=90∘. Also, no solutions exist for $ \chi \in ( {{0^ \circ },{{90}^ \circ }}) $χ∈(0∘,90∘), when both partnering materials are nondissipative. For $ \chi \in [ {{0^ \circ },{{90}^ \circ }} ) $χ∈[0∘,90∘), the degree of dissipation of material $ {\cal A} $A has a profound effect on the phase speeds, propagation lengths, and penetration depths of the DV surface waves. For mid-range values of $ \chi $χ, DV surface waves with negative phase velocities were found. For fixed values of $ \varepsilon _{\cal A}^s $eAs and $ \varepsilon _{\cal A}^t $eAt in the upper-half-complex plane, DV surface-wave propagation is only possible for large values of $ \chi $χ when $ |{\varepsilon _{\cal B}}| $|eB| is very small.
Early Multiplexed Detection of Cirrhosis using Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors with Protein Biomarkers.

Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death in adults worldwide. It is highly prevalent in developing countries and is growing in prevalence in developed countries mostly because of chron...
Isometric, concentric, and eccentric neck strength in the sagittal and coronal planes of motion for adult females.

Assess strength in adult females using multiple positions, motions, and contraction types, to better understand strength production of young and non-symptomatic of adult female subjects to help ass...
Calibrating Microscopic Car-Following Models for Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles: Multiobjective Approach

AbstractAdaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicles are the first step toward comprehensive vehicle automation. However, the impacts of such vehicles on the underlying traffic flow are not yet clear. Th...
Mono2Micro: an AI-based toolchain for evolving monolithic enterprise applications to a microservice architecture

Mono2Micro is an AI-based toolchain that provides recommendations for decomposing legacy web applications into microservice partitions. Mono2Micro consists of a set of tools that collect static and runtime information from a monolithic application and process the information using an AI-based technique to generate recommendations for partitioning the application classes. Each partition represents a candidate microservice or a grouping of classes with similar business functionalities. Mono2Micro takes a temporo-spatial clustering approach to compute meaningful and explainable partitions. It generates two types of partition recommendations. First, it computes business-logic-seams-based partitions that represent a desired encapsulation of business functionalities. However, such a recommendation may cut across data dependencies between classes, accommodating which could require significant application updates. To address this, Mono2Micro computes natural-seams-based partitions, which respect data dependencies. We describe the set of tools that comprise Mono2Micro and illustrate them using a well-known open-source JEE application.
A New Twist on Remedies: Judicial Assignment of Bad Faith Claims

A NEW TWIST ON REMEDIES: JUDICIAL ASSIGNMENT OF BAD FAITH CLAIMSLegal remedy is the means by which a court of law enforces a right. The theory of legal remedies can take many different forms in order to ensure that the right has value. When a party obtains a judgment, that party should be entitled to pursue a method to collect that judgment. The right to satisfaction through assignment is a long held legal concept. Judicial involuntary assignment of bad faith claims provides a needed remedy to the aggrieved third party who has suffered first at the hands of the tortfeasor, and second, by enduring a trial and obtaining a judgment that is uncollectable against the first party defendant. Permitting the third party plaintiff to seek satisfaction of a judgment through assignment does not offend principles of equity and justice. Rather, allowing such an action furthers these goals. There are several steps along the way for a third party to pursue a judicial assignment however. This article discusses bad faith claims generally, the concept of assignment, and idea of permitting judicial assignment of claims pursuant to various states’ debtor/creditor statutes, and concluding that involuntary judicial assignment of bad faith claims is an important tool available to injured third parties in civil litigation.
Matrix Composition Modulates Vitamin D3's Effects on 3D Collagen Fiber Organization by MCF10A Cells

Vitamin D3 (vitD3) has been implicated in various cellular functions affecting multiple tissue types. Epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that vitD3 may be effective as a preventive or t...
Time-independence of gravitational R\'enyi entropies and unitarity in quantum gravity.

The Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi surface $\gamma_{HRT}$ computing the entropy $S(D)$ of a domain of dependence $D$ on an asymptotically AdS boundary is known to be causally inaccessible from $D$. We generalize this gravitational result to higher replica numbers $n >1$ by considering the replica-invariant surfaces (aka `splitting surfaces') $\boldsymbol{\mathbf{\gamma}}$ of real-time replica-wormhole saddle-points computing Renyi entropies $S_n(D)$ and showing that there is a sense in which $D$ must again be causally inaccessible from $\boldsymbol{\mathbf{\gamma}}$ when the saddle preserves both replica and conjugation symmetry. This property turns out to imply the $S_n(D)$ to be independent of any choice of any Cauchy surface $\Sigma_D$ for $D$, and also that the $S_n(D)$ are independent of the choice of boundary sources within $D$. This is a key hallmark of unitary evolution in any dual field theory. Furthermore, from the bulk point of view it adds to the evidence that time evolution of asymptotic observables in quantum gravity is implemented by a unitary operator in each baby universe superselection sector. Though we focus here on pure Einstein-Hilbert gravity and its Kaluza-Klein reductions, we expect the argument to extend to any two-derivative theory who satisfies the null convergence condition. We consider both classical saddles and the effect of back-reaction from quantum corrections.
How Do We Respond to Genocide

This chapter is designed to explain the methods available to respond to genocide. This can include military or political intervention during an ongoing genocide or a legal response after a genocide has occurred. By exploring the Rwandan and Kosovo situations we understand that the UN response to genocide is not enough to prevent its occurrence. Following the disastrous response to the Rwandan genocide much work was put into what became known as R2P—the responsibility to protect.
Verifiable disclosure

We develop a unified treatment of truthful disclosure (persuasion) games, providing a joint framework that nests, among other models, unraveling theory, costly disclosure, uncertainty about information endowment and multi-dimensional disclosure. We show the existence of (at most) a unique equilibrium that is reasonable given a commonly used signaling refinement, and provide a constructive proof of the equilibrium strategy and beliefs. We use the model to examine the following question: can the sender benefit from a regulation that commits to disclosing more precise information? We show that the sender is worse off if an unconditional reduction in discretion induces a more informative equilibrium. Conversely, mandating disclosure of unfavorable information may increase the sender’s ex ante payoff.