cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myocardial contractile reserve and indices of contractility

A close examiniation of several indices of contractility derived from the ventricular pressure was made using an isolated canine heart preparation. The repsonses to single intracoronary injections of calcium chloride as well as to increasing doses of this agent were tested. From the latter, calcium dose-transient-response curves intended to reveal the extent of myocardial/contractile reserve were constructed. Indices included various extrapolations to maximal velocity of shortening at zero load, maximal value of the quotient of the first derivative and ventricular pressure, time-tension index, energy averaged power density, and power averaged rate of generation of power density. Indices were compared over the same cardiac cycles before and after administration of calcium. Most indices showed increments from 10 to 20%, except power density functions which had increments of 40 and 70%, respectively. Calcium dose-response curves were linear for most indices, but, again, the power density functions showed the steepest slopes. After severe coronary occlusion, the curves for most indices flattened and lost linearity and, presumably, this was due to loss of myocardial contractile reserve. For milder occlusions, only the power density functions showed significant flattening. The conceptual framework of a contractile myocardial reserve appears supported by these results.
“On Muzhiming”: Inaugural Workshop of New Frontiers in the Study of Medieval China. Rutgers University, May 15–16, 2015

The New Frontiers in the Study of Medieval China series held its inaugural workshop on May 15–16, 2015, at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ. The workshop was organized by Jessey Choo (Rutger...
Authority and the East-Central African Caravan Trade: A Congolese Warlord and His Followers at the End of the Nineteenth Century

A son of a village chief in the eastern Congo, Ngongo Lutete became a trusted agent of east African traders, including Tippu Tip. Through his loyalty, Lutete acquired the goods and guns to attract followers, secure clients, subdue opponents, and capture slaves. Indeed, Lutete’s “Batetela” became a widely-known political and military force and cultural identity. However, a new cohort of mobile invaders changed Lutete’s fortunes. Upon witnessing the military strength of the European mercenaries employed by King Leopold, Lutete perceived an opportunity to end his reliance on his Zanzibari patrons, and turned against them. The dynamics of war and politics reversed Lutete’s fortunes, however. Accusations of treason and brutality, probably spread by a jealous rival, led nervous European colonial officers to execute him in 1893, even while their superior officers still considered Lutete a faithful ally. This study of Ngongo Lutete / reflects on how mobile invaders, from Zanzibari-financed caravans to the mercenary forces of the King Leopold’s Congo state, engaged with local leaders, to establish distinctive military, cultural and political forms of authority.
Application of Active Flow Control Technology in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

A low speed wind tunnel investigation has been undertaken to establish the effectiveness of active flow control techniques in an unmanned aerial vehicle through leading edge pulsed blowing and trailing edge jet blowing at low Reynolds number. New type of leading edge and trailing edge fluidic actuators were developed and embedded into the wings of a ⅓ scale Extra 330 model aircraft. The vehicle’s performance was evaluated at different actuation frequencies and jet momentum coefficients. The leading edge fluidic actuator was able to delay the stall of the vehicle from 12° to 22° at a take-off/landing speed of 17 m/s. The trailing edge jet blowing was also able to generate rolling moments with a possibility to eliminate ailerons.
DISCRIMINATION TEST WORD DIFFICULTY.

Criteria for the construction and evaluation of clinical speech discrimination test word lists are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the need for such lists to be appropriate and homogeneo...
Phenology of the Sagebrush Defoliating Moth Aroga websteri (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), With Application to Population Irruptions

Larval populations of the sagebrush defoliating moth Aroga websteri Clarke (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were sampled in a montane stand of big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata Nutall) in northern Utah during 2008–2012 to develop degree-day (DD) estimates for moth phenology (single-sine method, base temperature 5°C). Degree-day estimates were determined also for populations studied previously (in 1972–1975) in a lowland valley stand of big sagebrush on the Utah–Idaho border. Peak larval abundances (of mostly first and second instars, and ranging from 0–2.8 larvae per 15 cm of terminal stem at individual locations in northern Utah in 2008–2012) occurred on average at 239 DD (accumulated beginning 1 January). Differences in DD accumulation and precipitation among years with endemic (low) and population irruption levels of the Aroga moth were examined using data from these sites and from historical accounts from Alturas, CA, during 1962–1964. The DD accumulation during mid-May through mid-June (when early instars of the moth are developing) was intermediate in years of population irruptions versus in endemic years with cooler or warmer late springs–early summers. Years with population irruptions were also characterized by high precipitation in June and July during late stage larval development. Thus, it appears that periodic population irruptions of the defoliator are associated with distinctive weather conditions. Additional research is needed to test whether these conditions can promote increased larval survivorship as associated with high nutritional value and palatability of sagebrush foliage for the moth.
Distribution of dopamine D2-like receptors in the human thalamus: autoradiographic and PET studies.

The distribution of dopamine (DA) D2-like receptors in the human thalamus was studied using in vitro autoradiographic techniques and in vivo positron emission tomography in normal control subjects. [125I]Epidepride, which binds with high affinity to DA D2 and D3 receptors, was used in autoradiographic studies to determine the distribution and density of D2-like receptors, and the epidepride analogue [18F]fallypride positron was used for positron emission tomography studies to delineate D2-like receptors in vivo. Both approaches revealed a heterogeneous distribution of thalamic D2/3 receptors, with relatively high densities in the intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei, including the paraventricular, parataenial, paracentral, centrolateral, and centromedian/parafascicular nuclei. Moderate densities of D2/3 sites were seen in the mediodorsal and anterior nuclei, while other thalamic nuclei expressed lower levels of D2-like receptors. Most thalamic nuclei that express high densities of D2-like receptors project to forebrain DA terminal fields, suggesting that both the thalamic neurons expressing D2-like receptors and the projection targets of these neurons are regulated by DA. Because the midline/intralaminar nuclei receive prominent projections from both the ascending reticular activating core and the hypothalamus, these thalamic nuclei may integrate activity conveying both interoceptive and exteroceptive information to telencephalic DA systems involved in reward and cognition.
Warfare and Parent Care: Armed Conflict and the Social Logic of Child and National Protection

A fair amount has been written on intergenerational issues in military families, with special consideration given to the difficulties that active-duty (or soon-to-be-active-duty) parents experience. Less attention, however, has been paid to the soldiers’ parents. Inquiries pertaining to this group are provocative as much for the questions they raise as for the answers they offer, especially when it comes to sorting out the parents’ attitudes and behaviors. The mindsets of these fathers and mothers would seem to warrant special scrutiny, in that how parents of soldiers are expected to think, and how they actually think (the two are not always in sync), can make an enormous difference in how individual parents and entire populations interpret military life. What do fathers and mothers of adult children ponder when their nation is engaged in armed conflict and needs combatants? What do they contemplate when it is their children who might be drafted or called upon to volunteer? Drawing on a social constructionist approach and offering a variety of family illustrations, I explore these and other questions. My specific objective is theoretical, in that I aim to delineate the quandaries that arise in times of war and articulate the thought patterns of parents of soldiers (or potential recruits/draftees). Essentially, I outline a “paradox of care” that, at its core, entails two mandates: a mandate to protect the children and a mandate to protect the nation. The social logic that parents use to decipher the paradox yields five scenarios, which differ depending on the weight accorded to one mandate or the other and on the extent to which the two are thought to be mutually incompatible or overlapping.
Hexaminolevulinate Blue-Light Cystoscopy in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma of the Bladder.

Abstract Background: Although bladder cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors worldwide, metastatic melanoma of the bladder is a rare occurrence with only 29 cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 60-year-old male with a medical history significant for metastatic melanoma, who was referred to the urology department for gross hematuria. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed with the assistance of hexaminolevulinate acid (HAL) with blue-light cystoscopy (BLC). Subsequent histopathologic analysis of the specimen confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma of the bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of metastatic bladder melanoma diagnosed with the assistance of HAL-BLC in a patient undergoing a TURBT. Conclusion: Although HAL-BLC is only indicated for use in the cystoscopic detection of papillary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, it may aid in the detection of nonconventional bladder pathologies, such as mel...
Optimal Design of Time Requirement in Firm Pension

The time requirement in the pension plan is of great significance in practice,while subjected to little theoretical discussion.Based on a summary of relative theories,we point out the cause concerned and go on to the acquisition of optimal design of the time requirement under three conditions: perfect labor market,special human resources capital,and initiative recognition of employees by the enterprise.A negative relationship has been arrived at between the length of the time requirement and the participation rate of employees.So when designing the time requirement,the enterprise should not only put into consideration the profit from an individual employee who accepts the pension plan,but also the change of his participation rate.
The Research and Application of Linux Loadable Kernel Module Mechanism

To shorten the time of Linux developing and testing, improve developing efficiency. This paper particularly analyses the work principle, implementing details and key technology of Linux loadable kernel module mechanism viz. LKM, summarizes the cod-ing method and notice proceeding in allusion to the latest kernel stabilization edition 2.6 in developing. In the Linux environment implementing Zero-copy principle with LKM, the results indicate the application of LKM in Linux developing and researching can quicken the speed of developing greatly.
Effects of leukotriene D4 on glomerular dynamics in the rat

Glomerular micropuncture studies were performed in euvolemic, anesthetized, adult, male Munich-Wistar rats to evaluate the glomerular microcirculatory actions of leukotriene D4 (LTD4). In preliminary experiments, intrarenal arterial administration of LTD4 (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) was found to cause a rise in mean systemic arterial pressure, a loss of plasma volume, and a fall in renal blood flow, effects identical to those previously reported for LTC4. To assess the local glomerular actions of LTD4 independently of these systemic effects, glomerular microcirculatory dynamics were assessed during LTD4 infusion while constancy of renal perfusion pressure and plasma volume were maintained by partial aortic constriction and isoncotic plasma infusion, respectively. To ascertain the LTD4 actions that are independent of angiotensin II, saralasin (5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 iv) was also given throughout the study. LTD4 caused a significant increase in efferent arteriolar resistance in association with a fall...
Abstract A71: HDAC6 activity is a non-oncogene addiction hub for in inflammatory breast cancers

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer (~5% of all breast cancers). Almost all women with primary IBC have lymph node involvement, and at diagnosis approximately 25% have already distant metastases. Remarkably, the 5-year survival rate is only 40%, compared to the 85% survival rate among non-IBC patients. Despite its lethality, IBC remains poorly understood, and is the only breast cancer form for which mortality has continued to increase during the last 20 years. There are no current targeted therapies specific for IBC and systemic disease management relies mainly on chemotherapy. Due to their unique biology the homeostasis of cancer cells present different requirements from non-transformed cells. Importantly, interfering with these requirements has been successfully used as a highly selective and low toxic anticancer strategy. Although some efforts have been made characterizing the molecular fingerprint of IBCs unfortunately, no clinical application has emerged from these studies. Thus, we decided to utilize a different strategy to identify the Achilles9 heel of IBC cells. We have pioneered the development of genetic tools as well as experimental and analytical strategies to perform RNAi-based loss-of-function studies at a genome-wide level. Importantly, we and others have demonstrated that these functional screens are able to identify essential functions linked to certain cancer phenotypes. Specifically in breast cancer cells, these studies have revealed specific sensitivities associated to luminal and basal subtypes as well as individual mutated bona-fide cancer genes. Thus, we decided to use this approach to identify IBC specific sensitivities. Through a genome-wide RNAi screen, we found and validated that the viability of IBC cells depends on histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) function. HDAC6 is a class-IIb histone deacetylase located mainly in the cytosol which displays diverse functions through the deacetylation of multiple targets. During the last decade, HDAC6 has emerged as a master regulator of the cell9s protective response to cytotoxic accumulation of toxic bioproducts. Importantly, small molecule inhibitors for HDAC6 already exist and are currently being tested in advanced clinical trials for other tumor types. Here, through in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, we demonstrated that Ricolinostat (ACY1215), the leading HDAC6 inhibitor, efficiently controls the progression of IBC. Thus, our findings represent an exciting opportunity to develop novel, efficient and well-tolerated toxic targeted therapeutic strategies for IBC patients. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Preeti Putcha, Jiyang Yu, Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco, Andrea Califano, jose silva. HDAC6 activity is a non-oncogene addiction hub for in inflammatory breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A71.
Nitrogen kinetics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-stressed calves.

Eight crossbred feeder steers were used in two consecutive N balance studies to investigate the effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) on N kinetics. Balance Study 1, which followed a 10-d acclimation phase, consisted of 7 d of sample collection referred to as the healthy phase (d -7 to d -1). Study 2, the IBRV-infected phase, began 2 d after a nasal IBRV challenge and continued for 6 d (d 2 to d 8). A stable isotope, [15N]-glycine, was used to determine N kinetics in both studies. Steers weighed 203 kg at the beginning of the study, 208 kg at IBRV infection and 194 kg at the end of study. Infection with IBRV increased (P less than .05) urinary N excretion from 17.9 to 31.5 g/d. Daily N balance was reduced (P less than .05) during infection from 21.2 to -3.3 g/d. Total serum proteins increased (P less than .05) during infection from 6.6 to 7.1 g/100 ml, the increase being predominantly in the alpha and gamma globulin fractions. Blood urea-N increased (P less than .05) during infection from 6.5 to 12.9 mg/100 ml. The urine excretion curve of the stable isotope and the N balance data indicated that IBRV infection increased N turnover and altered tissue utilization of N.
Posterior mediastinal hemangioma associated with vertebral body hemangioma.

Summary The association of a vertebral body hemangioma with a contiguous paravertebral mass in the posterior mediastinum is reported in 2 patients. The radiologic changes in the hemangiomatous vertebral body are pathognomonic and may also suggest the histologic nature of the contiguous mass, thus permitting a conservative regimen.
The Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids by the Formed Elements of Human Blood

1. In vitro, human erythrocytes free of contaminating white cells and platelets do not oxidize fatty acid in the surrounding medium, either bound to albumin or supplied in buffer as the potassium salt. These results are not influenced by glucose deficiency. 2. White cells and platelets are both capable of oxidizing fatty acid from the surrounding medium—supplied either as the potassium salt in buffer or bound to albumin. Increasing the albumin/fatty acid molar ratio results in a decrease in the quantity of fatty acid oxidized. The amount of fatty acid oxidized is greater if glucose is not added to the medium.
Legacy: Demythologizing a Cambridge Eccentric

Despite anxiety over his heart problems, Pigou lived a fairly healthy life under the care of Dr Leslie Cole, a Cambridge cardiologist. In September 1958, he became seriously ill while vacationing in Zermatt and died on 7 March 1959, in Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge. The death certificate records the cause as bronchitis, aortic atheroma, and an abdominal aneurysm.
Extreme Performance and Functional Robustness of Movement are Linked to Muscle Architecture: Comparing Elastic and Nonelastic Feeding Movements in Salamanders

Muscle-powered movements are limited by the contractile properties of muscles and are sensitive to temperature changes. Elastic-recoil mechanisms can both increase performance and mitigate the effects of temperature on performance. Here, we compare feeding movements in two species of plethodontid salamanders, Bolitoglossa franklini and Desmognathus quadramaculatus, across a range of body temperatures (5-25°C) to better understand the mechanism of elastically powered, thermally robust movements. Bolitoglossa exhibited ballistic, elastically powered tongue projection with a maximum muscle mass specific power of 4,642 W kg(-1) while Desmognathus demonstrated nonballistic, muscle-powered tongue projection with a maximum power of 359 W kg(-1) . Tongue-projection performance in Bolitoglossa was more thermally robust than that of Desmognathus, especially below 15°C. The improved performance and thermal robustness of Bolitoglossa was associated with morphological changes in the projector muscle, including elaborated collagen aponeuroses and the absence of myofibers attaching directly to the tongue skeleton. The elongated aponeuroses likely increase the capacity for elastic energy storage, and the lack of myofibers inserting on the tongue skeleton permits ballistic projection. These results suggest that relatively simple changes in myofiber architecture and the amount of connective tissue can improve the performance and functional robustness of movements in the face of environmental challenges such as variable temperature.
Restaging Transurethral Resection for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Who, Why, When, and How?

The rate of clinical understaging in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after an initial transurethral resection (TUR) is significant, particularly for high-grade disease, and this has a major impact on prognosis. A repeat TUR, 2 to 6 weeks following the initial resection, is recommended in appropriately selected cases to avoid diagnostic inaccuracy and improve treatment allocation. This article summarizes the rationale and indications for performing a repeat TUR in NMIBC and also provides information regarding patient selection and technique.
Very Long-Term Follow-up Results of Imatinib Mesylate Therapy in Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Failure of Interferon Alpha Therapy

Abstract 2749 Background: The long-term outcome of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib after failure of interferon alpha therapy has not been detailed. Patients and Methods: 368 patients were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses for survival were conducted using standard statistical methods. Results: Overall, 247 patients (67%) achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). Of 327 patients studied, 207(63%) achieved major molecular response (MMR), and 99 (30%) had undetectable BCR-ABL levels at some time on therapy. The estimated 10-year survival rate was 68%, progression-free survival rate 67%, and event-free survival rate 51%. By multivariate analysis, age ≥ 60 years, hemoglobin Conclusions: The estimated 10-year survival rate of 68% in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving imatinib after interferon failure has improved. Disclosures: Cortes: Novartis: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kantarjian: Novartis: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding.
Evidences for Molecular Specificities Involved in Molluscan Inflammation

Cellular inflammatory response to nonself materials is a universal phenomenon in the Animal Kingdom. To refresh our memories, inflammation, as generally defined, is the reaction of tissues to insult. The process is characterized by local heat, swelling, redness, and pain. These characteristics have been defined as a result of observations on vertebrates, particularly mammals. As our knowledge of inflammation as revealed by studying invertebrates, especially molluscs, has progressed, it is becoming increasingly evident that these characteristics need not all be present, especially conspicuous swelling and redness. Also, I would like to advance the idea that nonspecific inflammatory response does not occur in molluscs or any other group of animals. In other words, there is some degree of specificity at the molecular level in all instances of cellular inflammation. The evidences for this statement are presented later. At this point, I wish to review in a conceptual manner the various phenomena which collectively comprise cellular response to insult in molluscs. Specifically, as depicted in Fig. 1, I intend to point out that cellular infiltration and subsequent events in molluscs, as in other groups of animals, involves (1) chemotactic attraction of reaction cells to the insulting agent, (2) surface recognition of self from nonself on the part of reaction cells and attachment of the nonself insulting agent to such cells, (3) endocytosis or encapsulation, and (4) intracelluar events leading to degradation and elimination of the insulting agent. As will become apparent at a later point, the reason for reviewing these phases of cellular reaction to challenge is that in terms of modern cell biology, there appears to be specific recognition sites involved at each phase, hence my thesis that nonspecific inflammatory response per se does not occur.
Translational obstacles with off-label drug use in acute traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury results in significant morbidity and mortality, and there is an urgent need for neuroprotective medications that can prevent the persisting symptoms and disabilities following injury. Several existing pharmacotherapies have been targeted for off-label benefit in traumatic brain injury, as these agents are well characterized and commercially available, easing the process of clinical trial development. Despite promising results in animal models, clinical trials have demonstrated minimal benefit. One possible reason for these failed translations could be that drug selection, characterization and dosing are not routinely established in the appropriate early phase trials before larger scale testing. Examining how recent trials may have bypassed these steps may help future trials to more definitively determine the efficacy of potential therapeutics.
A case study characterizing animal fecal sources in surface water using a mitochondrial DNA marker

Water quality impairment by fecal waste in coastal watersheds is a public health issue. The present study provided evidence for the use of a mitochondrial (mtDNA) marker to detect animal fecal sources in surface water. The accurate identification of fecal pollution is based on the notion that fecal microorganisms preferentially inhabit a host animal’s gut environment. In contrast, mtDNA host-specific markers are inherent to eukaryotic host cells, which offers the advantage by detecting DNA from the host rather than its fecal bacteria. The present study focused on sampling water presumably from non-point sources (NPS), which can increase bacterial and nitrogen concentrations to receiving water bodies. Stream sampling sites located within the Piscataqua River Watershed (PRW), New Hampshire, USA, were sampled from a range of sites that experienced nitrogen inputs such as sewer and septic systems and suburban runoff. Three mitochondrial (mtDNA) gene marker assays (human, bovine, and canine) were tested from surface water. Nineteen sites were sampled during an 18-month period. Analyses of the combined single and multiplex assay results showed that the proportion of occurrence was highest for bovine (15.6%; n = 77) compared to canine (5.6%; n = 70) and human (5.7%; n = 107) mtDNA gene markers. For the human mtDNA marker, there was a statistically significant relationship between presence vs. absence and land use (Fisher’s test p = 0.0031). This result was evident particularly for rural suburban septic, which showed the highest proportion of presence (19.2%) compared to the urban sewered (3.3%), suburban sewered (0%), and agricultural (0%) as well as forested septic (0%) sites. Although further testing across varied land use is needed, our study provides evidence for using the mtDNA marker in large watersheds.
Analysis of a remote phosphor layer heat sink to reduce phosphor operating temperature

Abstract The remote phosphor method has provided significant improvement in overall LED lighting system efficiency by reducing the number of photons absorbed at the LED chip. However, increased demand for higher light output from smaller light engines has resulted in high radiant energy and heat densities on the phosphor layer. The problem is exacerbated by the phosphor conversion efficiency decreasing with increased operating temperature in the remote phosphor layer. A higher operating temperature can negatively affect performance in terms of luminous efficacy, color shift, and life. In cases such as this, the system’s performance can be improved through suitable thermal management that reduces the phosphor layer temperature. In this study, we present the first investigation to experimentally quantify the operating temperature and optical performance effects of using a dedicated phosphor layer heat sink solution as a thermal management strategy to reduce phosphor layer operating temperature. The effects of heat sink geometry and material parameters on phosphor layer operating temperature and optical performance were investigated. The experimental results showed a decrease in phosphor layer operating temperature with an increase in phosphor layer heat sink interface area, while the total radiant power decreased. Ray-tracing simulations identified the low surface reflectance of the heat sink interface area as the cause of this decrease in radiant power. A finite element model was developed from the experimental results to understand the decrease in phosphor layer operating temperature with increased heat sink interface area. This simulation work was used in identifying the causes affecting observed optical and thermal performance in the short-term experiments. The study also investigated the long-term performance of phosphor layer heat sinks and the findings are reported.
Rebuttals by Indirect Realists

Abstract Pierre Le Morvan, Eva Schmidt, Michael Huemer, and Fred Adams et al. respond to the rebut the comments on their papers made by Robert French, David McGraw, Ernie Kent, and Stephen Lehar.
Scalable Underapproximative Verification of Stochastic LTI Systems using Convexity and Compactness

We present a scalable algorithm to construct a polytopic underapproximation of the terminal hitting time stochastic reach-avoid set, for the verification of high-dimensional stochastic LTI systems with arbitrary stochastic disturbance. We prove the existence of a polytopic underapproximation by characterizing the sufficient conditions under which the stochastic reach-avoid set and the proposed open-loop underapproximation are compact and convex. We construct the polytopic underapproximation by formulating and solving a series of convex optimization problems. These set-theoretic properties also characterize circumstances under which the stochastic reach-avoid problem admits a bang-bang optimal Markov policy. We demonstrate the scalability of our algorithm on a 40D chain of integrators, the highest dimensional example demonstrated to date for stochastic reach-avoid problems, and compare its performance with existing approaches on a spacecraft rendezvous and docking problem.
TutorialPlan: automated tutorial generation from CAD drawings

Authoring tutorials for complex software applications is a time consuming process. It also highly depends on the tutorial designer's skill level and experience. This paper introduces an approach which automatically generates software tutorials using the digital artifacts produced by the users of a software program. We model this process as an optimal planning problem using software produced artifacts, software specifications and the human-computer interaction Keystroke-Level Model (KLM). We present TutorialPlan, an automated tutorial generator, which creates step-by-step text and image instructions from CAD drawings and helps users learn AutoCAD, a complex design and drafting software. In our tutorial generator, the optimal planning problem is represented and solved using DLV, a general Answer Set Programming (ASP) system. DLV offers a natural representation of both the problem and the heuristics needed to solve it efficiently. A user study shows that the tutorials generated by our system are comparable to those generated by experienced AutoCAD users.
Evaluation of a Molybdenum Assay Canister

The performance characteristics of a commercial molybdenum assay canister were evaluated. The geometrical variation of the technetium-99m (99mTc) activity reading was studied as a function of the elution volume for the standard vials. It was found that the 99mTc canister activity reading was ~ 5% lower than that of the standard method. This is due to attenuation by the canister wall. However, the effect of the geometric variation on the clinical dose preparation was found to be insignificant. The molybdenum-99 (99Mo) contamination level was compared by two methods: (1) the commerical canister and (2) the standard assay kit. The 99Mo contamination measurements with the canister indicated consistently lower readings than those with the standard 99Mo assay kit. We conclude that the canister may be used in the clinical settings. However, the user must be aware of the problems and the limitations associated with this canister.
Laboratory in the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections

The laboratory is essential in the diagnosis and management of UTIs. The presence of pyuria and bacteriuria, the two most important indicators of UTIs, are most accurately determined by standard techniques. In quantitating pyuria, the finding of greater than or equal to 10 leukocytes/mm3 of urine by either hemocytometry or direct microscopy correlates highly with symptomatic, culture-proven UTIs. The determination of bacteriuria by direct microscopy is inaccurate, particularly at lower levels of bacteriuria; thus, quantitative urine cultures remain the most accurate measure of bacteriuria. Significant bacteriuria, previously defined as greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml of urine, has been redefined with the observation that as few as 10(2) CFU/ml can be associated with significant pyuria and symptoms suggestive of cystitis. The need for routine and posttreatment urine cultures in nonpregnant women with acute dysuria remains controversial, but current data suggest that they are usually unnecessary. Rapid diagnostic tests for detection of pyuria and bacteriuria are designed to increase efficiency and decrease cost in the diagnosis of UTI. Unfortunately, none of these techniques can quantitate pyuria or bacteriuria as accurately as the standard methods, but the level of accuracy offered by the standard methods is not always necessary in the care of patients with uncomplicated UTIs. These tests are particularly well suited for screening asymptomatic high-risk populations. Noninvasive localization techniques continue to be explored as possible alternatives to invasive localization procedures, but they remain largely research tools that are not readily available to the practicing clinician. Understanding the applicability and appropriate use of newer technologies in the evaluation of patients with UTIs and how these technologies complement the standard diagnostic techniques will lead to better, more efficient, and less costly patient care.
A Flexible, Open-Source DAQ for Real-Time Multi-Channel Signal Processing on Autonomous Platforms

Here, we share our unique data acquisition (DAQ) system, using an open-source ARM microcontroller SoC, for underwater acoustic beam-forming applications, especially for use on autonomous vehicles. Here, we present our results of performance experiments, demonstrating the speed and accuracy of sampling and processing audio-frequency acoustic signal processing, for a wide variety of signals and sampling regimes. We will demonstrate trade-offs between sampling rates and resolutions for accuracy and speed at desired frequencies, and how these may be dynamically managed by autonomous systems. Finally we will share some of our work, towards underwater acoustic beam-forming using 3D acoustic vector sensors, and our implementation of these devices on unmanned autonomous vehicles.
Effects of ventilation openings in industrial safety helmets on evaporative heat dissipation.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of ventilation openings in commercial industrial safety helmets (ISHs) on evaporative heat dissipation. Methods Seven models of commercial ISH were examined quantitatively by a sweating thermal head manikin (SHM) with six separate zones. To simulate summer outdoor conditions, the measurements were done in a climate chamber, with the room temperature and relative humidity set at 34.0°C and 50%, respectively. The shell temperature of SHM was set at 34.0°C. Wind was blown from the front or left side at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 m/s. The necessary heat flux to keep the manikin skin temperature at 34.0°C was counted as evaporative heat dissipation in each zone. Results Openings at the front and back, and openings between the body and brim of the helmet played a significant role in increasing the heat flux in Forehead zone, but in all zones as a total, the effects were not significant. Heat flux for ISH with openings on both the right and left sides was not significantly different from that without openings. Conclusions Our study utilizing SHM showed that ventilation openings on both the right and left sides or front and back sides of commercial ISHs were not significantly effective in increasing total evaporative heat dissipation under an equivalent temperature of ambience and manikin shell. Further improvements on ISH are needed to increase evaporative heat dissipation.
The genetic underpinnings of callous-unemotional traits: A systematic research review

Abstract Background Callous-unemotional (CU) traits represent the affective features of psychopathy used to delineate youth at high risk for externalizing pathology. The genetic etiology CU traits is not currently well-understood. Methods The current review surveyed the literature for studies on the genetic underpinnings of CU traits and integrated information from 39 genetic studies. Results The results from 24 studies with quantitative data suggest that the heritability for CU traits is likely between 36–67%. A majority of the 16 molecular genetic studies focused on candidate genes in the serotonin and oxytocin systems with results that have not been well replicated. Although two genome-wide association studies have been conducted, no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered. Discussion There is some evidence to suggest that the serotonin and oxytocin systems may play a role in CU traits; however, there is currently not enough evidence to implicate specific genetic mechanisms. The authors encourage researchers to continue to apply the most up-to-date and relevant methodology, specifically collaborations and consortiums using genome-wide and polygenic methods.
Got milk? A call for cultural competency to prevent nutritional rickets and associated hypocalcemic seizures in exclusively breastfed infants

Introduction: Normal bone growth and mineralization require adequate stores of calcium and phosphate. Deficient mineralization in infants and children can result in rickets. In most cases, the diagnosis is established with a thorough history and physical examination and confirmed by laboratory evaluation. Nutritional rickets can be caused solely by inadequate intake of vitamin D. Rickets is a condition rarely seen in the United States due to initiatives to supplement vitamin D through fortification of various foods and breast milk. However, it is not uncommon in dark-skinned children with …
Du “temps qu’il fait” au temps vécu à la Renaissance : Nature, traces, et textes

This essay examines a few texts, mostly from the 16th century, from different authors and genres, focused on the lived experience of nature, in particular, through meteorological events. It considers the forms and affects in these texts that consign to memory the daily experience of weather problems, or of “weather as experienced.” Proximity and engagement with the natural environment, marked by weather events, is another dimension of this research. While predicting weather largely remains the province of popular belief and liturgical practices, these texts, which do not belong to recognized scientific genres, are located in-between, voicing original perspectives regarding nature.
Valuing innovative endoscopic techniques: endoscopic suturing to prevent stent migration for benign esophageal disease.

Background and Aims Reimbursement often presents a significant barrier to widespread adoption of innovative endoscopic devices. We aimed to determine the value (defined as cost savings to a payer) of endoscopic suturing devices in preventing the migration of esophageal stents placed for benign esophageal diseases. Methods A decision-analytic model was constructed from a payer perspective evaluating fully covered metal stent placement for benign esophageal diseases (fistula, leak, perforation, or stricture) in a hospital outpatient setting. The model compared 2 strategies: endoscopic suturing to anchor the stent or no suture. Health care outcomes and costs were derived from published systematic reviews and national databases (U.S. Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience [MAUDE] for safety data; 2018 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and Provider Utilization and Payment Data databases for reimbursement data). Results From a payer perspective, reimbursement for care increased by US$1487.98 without endoscopic suturing per patient, compared with US$621.06 with endoscopic suturing, to cover the risk of stent migration in addition to usual professional and facility reimbursement for stent placement. Thus, an average cost saving of US$866.92 per patient was achieved with endoscopic suturing to reduce stent migration risks. Cost savings associated with suturing ranged from US$147.48 to US$1586.36 per patient, based on the indication for the procedure in sensitivity analysis. Cost savings increased with higher rates of technical success in suture placement. Conclusions Creating a defined reimbursement pathway for endoscopic suture fixation of a stent for the treatment of benign esophageal diseases appears to be justified from a payer perspective.
Precise reasoning with structured time, structured heaps, and collective operations

Despite decades of progress, static analysis tools still have great difficulty dealing with programs that combine arithmetic, loops, dynamic memory allocation, and linked data structures. In this paper we draw attention to two fundamental reasons for this difficulty: First, typical underlying program abstractions are low-level and inherently scalar, characterizing compound entities like data structures or results computed through iteration only indirectly. Second, to ensure termination, analyses typically project away the dimension of time, and merge information per program point, which incurs a loss in precision. As a remedy, we propose to make collective operations first-class in program analysis – inspired by Σ-notation in mathematics, and also by the success of high-level intermediate languages based on @map/reduce@ operations in program generators and aggressive optimizing compilers for domain-specific languages (DSLs). We further propose a novel structured heap abstraction that preserves a symbolic dimension of time, reflecting the program’s loop structure and thus unambiguously correlating multiple temporal points in the dynamic execution with a single point in the program text. This paper presents a formal model, based on a high-level intermediate analysis language, a practical realization in a prototype tool that analyzes C code, and an experimental evaluation that demonstrates competitive results on a series of benchmarks. Remarkably, our implementation achieves these results in a fully semantics-preserving strongest-postcondition model, which is a worst-case for analysis/verification. The underlying ideas, however, are not tied to this model and would equally apply in other settings, e.g., demand-driven invariant inference in a weakest-precondition model. Given its semantics-preserving nature, our implementation is not limited to analysis for verification, but can also check program equivalence, and translate legacy C code to high-performance DSLs.
Extended granular micromechanics approach: a micromorphic theory of degree n:

For many problems in science and engineering, it is necessary to describe the collective behavior of a very large number of grains. Complexity inherent in granular materials, whether due the variab...
An Ultra-thin Triple-band Smartwatch Antenna with Support of Several Wireless Application Bands

In this paper, a compact planar ultra-thin triple band antenna is introduced. The proposed antenna with three bands can cover the Galileo, GPS, Glonass, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2400, LTE2500, WiMAX, and WLAN bands. The suggested antenna has a simple configuration, consisting of a monopole radiating element on top of the substrate, and a small ground at the bottom of the substrate. The triple band of the antenna is achieved by using complementary split-ring resonators and cutting some slots to optimize and widen the operating bands of the antenna. The antenna has a simple and compact configuration, and so it is cost effective. With the small total size of 35mm ×30mm×0.5 mm, it can be a good choice for portable ultra-thin wireless handsets, like smartwatches.
Hybrid management approach for superior mesenteric artery and branch aneurysms.

Abstract Visceral artery aneurysms are rare, with a 25% rupture risk and an associated 70% mortality. A 55-year-old woman with progressive epigastric pain was found to have multiple large superior mesenteric artery (SMA), branch, and gastroduodenal artery aneurysms along with an occluded celiac artery trunk with hepatic flow dependent on the aneurysm branch. Management included antegrade aortohepatic artery bypass with gastroduodenal artery ligation, followed by SMA stenting and aneurysm coiling. This case is novel, given the diffuse pattern and rarity of SMA and branch aneurysms. This hybrid surgical management highlights innovative strategies to minimize morbidity without compromising definitive treatment of complex visceral artery aneurysms.
Understanding User Behavior For Document Recommendation

Personalized document recommendation systems aim to provide users with a quick shortcut to the documents they may want to access next, usually with an explanation about why the document is recommended. Previous work explored various methods for better recommendations and better explanations in different domains. However, there are few efforts that closely study how users react to the recommended items in a document recommendation scenario. We conducted a large-scale log study of users’ interaction behavior with the explainable recommendation on one of the largest cloud document platforms office.com. Our analysis reveals a number of factors, including display position, file type, authorship, recency of last access, and most importantly, the recommendation explanations, that are associated with whether users will recognize or open the recommended documents. Moreover, we specifically focus on explanations and conduct an online experiment to investigate the influence of different explanations on user behavior. Our analysis indicates that the recommendations help users access their documents significantly faster, but sometimes users miss a recommendation and resort to other more complicated methods to open the documents. Our results suggest opportunities to improve explanations and more generally the design of systems that provide and explain recommendations for documents.
Understanding the fate of DNA nanostructures inside the cell

Structural DNA nanotechnology is poised to transform targeted therapeutic and theranostic delivery agents. Some of the most promising biomedical applications of DNA nanostructures include carriers for biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery. Additionally, the unique ability to precisely position inorganic and organic molecules on DNA-based substrates enables the spatially optimized high density interfacing of ligands with cell membrane receptors. To realize clinically viable biomedical products made from DNA nanostructures, it is necessary to fully understand the behavior of these systems inside and outside the cellular environment. To that end, cohesive and conclusive information on the physiological fate of DNA nanostructures at various time points - from the cell culture to the cell cytosol - is still lacking. In this highlight, we bring to attention efforts to understand DNA nanostructure behavior in vitro as well as some widespread disparities among studies on the subject. We also call for a discussion on the implementation of common standards and controls to address these disparities and consequently unify the scientific community's endeavours to build foundational knowledge on DNA nanostructure-cellular interaction.