cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A81: A microRNA signature identified for chemoresistance and mesenchymal phenotype is also found in advanced pancreatic cancer

Recent studies link cancer cells that possess an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell properties with chemoresistance and metastatic potential. Here, we investigated the molecular bases of the chemoresistant mesenchymal phenotype (CRMP) with emphasis on identifying a micro-RNA (miRNA) signature in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We developed a gemcitabine resistant cell model from a PDAC cell line, BxPC3. This gemcitabine resistant cell line (BxPC3-GZR) showed a pronounced mesenchymal phenotype and expressed high levels of CD44 a marker found on stem cells and showed a highly significant increase in expression of nine miRNAs and decrease in eight miRNAs. Based on relevance to cancer and on validation by q-RT-PCR we chose six of the miRNAs (miR-100, miR-125b, miR-21, miR-205, miR-27b and miR-455-3p) as a signature to determine whether they were similarly deregulated in 43 advanced PDAC tumor specimens previously analyzed as part of the Total Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A strong correlation was observed for five of the six miRNAs in the tumor specimens compared to normal pancreas tissue. To assess the functional relevance we initially focused on miRNA-125b, which is over-expressed in both cellular CRMP and advanced PDAC. Knockdown of miRNA-125b in BxPC3-GZR and Panc-1 cells caused a partial reversal of the mesenchymal phenotype and enhanced response to gemcitabine. Moreover, RNA-seq data from each of 40 advanced PDAC tumor specimens from the TCGA data base indicate a negative correlation between expression of miRNA-125b and five of six potential target genes (BAP1, BBC3, NEU1, BCL2, STARD13). Thus far, two of these target genes, BBC3 and NEU1, that are tumor suppressor genes but not yet studied in PDAC, appear to be functional targets of miR-125b since knockdown of miR125b caused their up regulation. The results of this study suggests that CRMP is caused in part by deregulation of a specific set of miRNAs and that these miRNAs are also deregulated in advanced PDAC. These miRNAs and their molecular targets may serve as targets to enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy and reduce metastatic spread. Citation Format: James W. Freeman, Alakesh Bera, Venkatasubbarao Kolaparthi. A microRNA signature identified for chemoresistance and mesenchymal phenotype is also found in advanced pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A81.
John's Apologetic Christology: Legitimation and Development in Johannine Christology

Part I. Introduction: 1. Introduction: the development of Johannine christology 2. A conflict setting and a distinctive christology: setting the stage Part II. Jesus and God: 3. '... Those who say 'there are two powers in John'...' 4. God's equal or God's agent? (John 5) 5. 'I obey, therefore 'I am' ' (John 8.12-59) 6. 'You are Gods' - but who are 'you'? (John 10.22-39) 7. In the bosom of the Father (John 1.1-18) 8. Conclusion to Part II Part III. Jesus, Moses and Torah: 9. The word and the glory (John 1.1-18) 10. Descent and ascent (John 3.1-21) 11. Bread from heaven (John 6) 12. Legitimating signs (John 9) 13. Conclusion to Part III Part IV. Other Issues and Conclusion: 14. Other possible issues 15. Putting the pieces together 16. Conclusion.
Frequency Determination Techniques for Cantilevered Plates with Bending-Torsion Coupling.

Various techniques for solution of the variational statement governing vibration of cantilevered composite plates are compared. The partial Ritz (Kantorovich) method assumes mode shapes only in the chordwise direction and reduces the problem to a set of ordinary differential equations. The important nondimensional parameters for cantilevered plates with bending-torsion coupling then are identified easily, including two that express the relative contribution of the warping stiffness to torsional vibration (/366) and chordwise vibration (£22)- The Rayleigh-Ritz solution, requiring assumed mode shapes in both directions, reveals the fundamental coupling mechanisms affecting the natural mode shapes and frequencies. The finite element method yields direct accurate results, yet masks the fundamental behavior. Experiments were performed to provide data for correlation with the analyses. The various solution techniques provide different levels of insight into the fundamental vibration characteristics of cantilevered plates with bending-torsion coupling, including the importance of chordwise flexure in the torsional vibration modes.
Electronic Conductivity in Solid CaF2 at High Temperature

Polarization measurements have been made on using cells of the typeandSteady‐state values of the currents at various applied voltages yielded the electronic conductivity in as a function of calcium activity. Results are presented between 800° and 950°C. The experimental arrangement is described and appropriate equations are presented. Values of the transference number of ions are given as a function of temperature and the activity of Ca in .
Racial Differences in the Patterns of Singleton Preterm Delivery in the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey

Objectives: To determine if the association between race and preterm delivery would persist when preterm delivery was partitioned into two etiologic pathways. Methods: We evaluated perinatal and obstetrical data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey and classified preterm delivery as spontaneous or medically indicated. Discrete proportional hazard models were fit to assess the risk of preterm delivery for Black women compared with White women adjusting for potential demographic and behavioral confounding variables. Results: Preterm delivery occurred among 17.4% of Black births and 6.7% of White births with a Black versus White unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.8 (95% CI = 2.4−3.3). The adjusted HR for a medically indicated preterm delivery showed no racial difference in risk (HR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.4−2.6). However, for spontaneous preterm delivery between 20 and 28 weeks gestation, the Black versus White adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 4.9 (95% CI = 3.4−7.1). Conclusions: Although we found an increased unadjusted HR for preterm delivery among Black women compared with White women, the nearly fivefold increase in adjusted HR for the extremely preterm births and the absence of a difference for medically indicated preterm delivery was unexpected. Given the differences in the risks of preterm birth between Black and White women, we recommend to continue examining risk factors for preterm delivery after separating spontaneous from medically indicated preterm birth and subdividing preterm delivery by gestational age to shed light on the reasons for the racial disparity.
Effects of real-time cochlear implant simulation on speech productiona)

Investigations using normal-hearing subjects listening to simulations of cochlear implant (CI) acoustic processing have provided substantial information about the impact of these distorted listening conditions on the accuracy of auditory perception, but extensions of this method to the domain of speech production have been limited. In the present study, a portable, real-time vocoder was used to simulate conditions of CI auditory feedback during speech production in NH subjects. Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of sibilant fricatives, aspirated stops, and F1/F2 vowel qualities were analyzed for changes as a result of CI simulation of acoustic speech feedback. Significant changes specific to F1 were observed; speakers reduced their phonological vowel height contrast, typically via talker-specific raising of the low vowels [ae] and [ɑ] or lowering of high vowels [i] and [u]. Comparisons to the results of both localized feedback perturbation procedures and investigations of speech production in deaf adults with CIs are discussed.
Good scan = good quality level? Well, it depends

Summary form only given. Quality can be defined as "a degree of excellence". In practice, we use testing as a measure of the outgoing quality of devices. The problem is that there is not a one-to-one correlation between test and quality. Just because a unit is tested doesn't guarantee that it is defect-free. Similarly, "guaranteed-by-design" functionality, usually isn't. So, what does it mean when we talk about quality level? In essence, we are trying to increase our confidence that devices shipped to customers will work as advertised in their application. For existing products, this is relatively straightforward because of the existing history of how the device performed in the field. For new designs, the difficulty lies in trying to predict this confidence level based on simulations and engineering data. Sometimes we can extrapolate from previous generations of a design or other devices which are being manufactured on the same process technology node. But, these alone are not enough to provide a perfect forecast of how the device will succeed. As a result, the usual method of attack is to apply whatever test techniques are available and can be practically implemented for first silicon.
Optimal Load Balancing in Publish/Subscribe Broker Networks Using Active Workload Management

Load balancing in publish/subscribe (pub/sub) broker networks is challenging as the workload is multi-dimensional and content-dependent. In this paper we present the framework design of a middleware, called Shuffle, to achieve optimal load balancing in a pub/sub broker network. Shuffle features a suite of active workload management schemes within a single overlay topology on message parsing, matching, delivery, and forwarding, the four types of workload in a publish/subscribe service affected by two inputs-streaming events and stored subscriptions. Shuffle leverages its traffic randomization scheme and Chord, a DHT substrate, to build overlay trees for active workload aggregation and distribution, and we show the optimality property of the load balancing scheme upon any input traffic distribution on individual Shuffle aggregation trees. We also show the NP-hardness of the workload management problem when it has to be done among multiple correlated aggregation trees, and present a heuristic accordingly. Through extensive simulations we validated the design of Shuffle upon dynamic and heavy workload.
Memory for Words and Memory for Numbers

Two cases are presented in which an anterior temporal lobectomy for epilepsy, performed on the dominant side for speech, showed side effects in the form of memory impairment for words but not for numbers.
The application of simulated annealing to problems of molecular mechanics

The results of applying the simulated annealing method to find the lowest energy structure of the decane molecule are analyzed. The algorithm is found to be both efficient and economical. Some preliminary results are presented for a molecule of biochemical interest, Met-enkephalin.
Dialogue Journals and Transformational Learning: Latino Students and Their Professor Talk-back to Each Other

This article explores how dialogue journals can lead to a transformative learning experience. Adult Latino students enrolled in a community college developmental reading class agree to speak truth to power through this critical writing process. Using Mezirow's2002 transformational learning theory, Brookfield's 2000 concepts on teaching for critical thinking, and Cranton's 2000 ideas of individuation and strategy for fostering self-awareness in students, the students and professor "talk-back" to each other through dialogue journals. The complexities of discourse, culture, and individuation or resistance to it are revealed.
Two anonymous X-specific human sequences detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms in region Xq26→qter

Two anonymous X-specific sequences isolated from a genomic library of flow-sorted X chromosomal DNA were selected for study because they revealed restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the region Xq26 → qter. One sequence, DXS10, detected a two-allele TaqI polymorphic system with allele frequencies of 0.33 and 0.67. The other, 4D-8, defined an Mspl polymorphism with allele frequencies of 0.18 and 0.82. DXS10 is tightly linked to the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)locus with recombination distance θ=0 cM at LOD=5.55 (95 % probability limit θ<15 cM). DXS10 maps to Xq26 but is not contained within the HPRTlocus itself. 4D-8 shows no detectable linkage to the HPRTlocus, with maximum likelihood estimate for θ=50 cM and a LOD score of −2.61 at θ= 5 cM. These two polymorphisms provide additional chromosomal loci for gene mapping by linkage at the distal end of the long arm of the human X chromosome.
Experimental Studies of the Reliability of Interconnect Trees

The electromigration resistance of simple straight-line interconnects is usually used to estimate the reliability of complex integrated circuits. This is generally inaccurate, and overly conservative at best. The shapes and connectedness of interconnects is not accounted for in standard reliability assessments. We have identified the interconnect tree as the fundamental reliability unit. An interconnect tree consists of connected conducting line segments lying within a single layer of metallization, and terminating at two or more nodes at which there is a diffusion barrier such as a W-filled via. We performed electromigration experiments on the simplest tree structures, such as ‘L’- and ‘T’-shaped interconnects, as well as straight lines with an additional via in the middle of the line, passing currents of different magnitudes and directions through the limbs of the trees. We found that metal limbs ending in other limbs can act as reservoirs for electromigrating metal atoms. Passive reservoirs, which are limbs that do not carry electrical current, are generally beneficial for reliability, whereas limbs that do carry electrical current, called active reservoirs, can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the direction and magnitude of the current in the reservoir. However, our experiments show that bends in interconnects do not affect their reliability significantly. We also found that the reliability of an interconnect tree can be conservatively estimated by considering void-growth and void-nucleation-limited failures at the most heavily stressed junction in the tree, which can be found by analyzing the geometry and current configuration. Our experimentally verified model for tree reliability can be used with layout tools for reliability-driven computer-aided design (RCAD), through ranking of the reliabilities of trees in order to identify areas at risk from electromigration damage.
Synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles and their structural characteristics

Controlled nanosized TiO2 particles of 4–10 nm were synthesized by a simple hydrolysis method followed by calcination at different temperatures. These particles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoacoustic/Fourier transform infrared (PA/FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to understand their structural properties. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the anatase phase of the particles where as the PA/FTIR revealed the bands around 1,500 and 3,300 cm−1 due to –OH bands. ESR spectroscopic investigations carried out from 5 to 300 K indicated the presence of an ESR line at g = 2.00 emerging from radical species. It is significant to note that the intensity of the ESR line decreased as the particle size increased.
The “Problem of Number” Revisited: The Relative Contributions of Psychosocial, Experiential, and Evolutionary Factors to the Desired Number of Sexual Partners

Three studies (N = 329) using U.S. community samples examined the relative contributions of self-reported “sex,” gender identity, and actual number of sexual partners to the question how many sexual partners individuals desire over the lifetime. In Study 1, the more “feminine” a participant identified, not self-reported sex, was significantly related to the desired number of sexual partners. Study 2a showed that a person’s actual number of sexual partners also correlated with the desired number. In Study 3, Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) (Bem Psychological Review, 88: 354–364 1981) femininity scores and actual number of sexual partners significantly predicted desired number of sexual partners separately for men and women. These results suggest that non-evolutionary variables drive the “problem of number” in mate preference.
Interaction of PvALF and VP1 B3 domains with the β -phaseolin promoter

The phas promoter is potently transcribed during embryogenesis but in vegetative tissues it is completely silenced by a rotationally positioned nucleosome. Ectopic expression in leaves of PvALF, a seed-specific transcription factor belonging to the plant-exclusive B3 domain-containing VP1/ABI3 family, leads to chromatin remodeling of the phas promoter, permitting transcriptional activation by the growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA). Specific interaction with RY elements present in 40–42 bp oligonucleotide probes has been shown in vitro for Arabidopsis ABI3 and the isolated B3 domain of maize VP1. Here, both in vivo and in vitro approaches were used to show physical interaction of the B3 domain of VP1 or PvALF to RY elements in the native phas promoter. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, small changes in B3 domain concentration differentiated between RY element-specific and sequence non-specific DNA binding. Increased affinity of the PvALF B3 domain to RY elements was observed in the presence of histones and other basic proteins, possibly reflecting the ability of this B3 factor to interact with the phas promoter in its nucleosomal configuration.
Gas-fired gravity floor furnace contact burns

Infants and toddlers are at particular risk for contact burns from the registers of gas-fired floor furnaces. We report 11-month-old and 12-month-old boys who sustained the classic grid-like pattern of burns to their skin after contracting the registers of gas-fired floor furnaces. The depth of these burns were judged to be partial thickness and healed without the application of skin grafts. Manufacturers must devise safe registers for gas-fired furnaces that will not cause contact burn injuries.
Observation of Two Ion-Acoustic Waves in a Two-Species Laser-Produced Plasma with Thomson Scattering

We report the first observations of two separate ion acoustic waves in a two ion species plasma with Thomson scattering. A flat disk coated with thin multilayers of gold and beryllium was irradiated with one laser beam, and the resulting two-ion-species plasma was probed with a second laser at a distance of 500{mu}m. The phase velocities of the ion-acoustic waves are shown to be a sensitive function of the relative concentrations of the two ion species. Moreover, an accurate measurement of the ion temperature can be derived from the relative damping of the two-ion-acoustic waves. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Regulation of Astrocyte Glutamine Synthetase in Epilepsy

Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating and maintaining the extracellular chemical milieu of the central nervous system under physiological conditions. Moreover, proliferation of phenotypically altered astrocytes (a.k.a. reactive astrogliosis) has been associated with many neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Glutamine synthetase (GS), which is found in astrocytes, is the only enzyme known to date that is capable of converting glutamate and ammonia to glutamine in the mammalian brain. This reaction is important, because a continuous supply of glutamine is necessary for the synthesis of glutamate and GABA in neurons. The known stoichiometry of glutamate transport across the astrocyte plasma membrane also suggests that rapid metabolism of intracellular glutamate via GS is a prerequisite for efficient glutamate clearance from the extracellular space. Several studies have indicated that the activity of GS in astrocytes is diminished in several brain disorders, including MTLE. It has been hypothesized that the loss of GS activity in MTLE leads to increased extracellular glutamate concentrations and epileptic seizures. Understanding the mechanisms by which GS is regulated may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to MTLE, which is frequently refractory to antiepileptic drugs. This review discusses several known mechanisms by which GS expression and function are influenced, from transcriptional control to enzyme modification.
Evidence for the independence of brainstem mechanisms mediating analgesia induced by morphine and two forms of stress

Abstract Exposure to inescapable footshock stress causes potent analgesia in the rat. According to several criteria, prolonged, intermitent footshock elicits analgesia mediated by opioid peptides, whereas brief, continuous footshock produces non-opioid analgesia. We now report that these neurochemically discrete forms of stress analgesia also have different neuroanatomical bases. Electrolytic lesions damaging greater than 85% of the n. raphe magnus (‘complete’ NRM lesions), but not lesions of the same size causing less NRM damage (partial NRM lesions) significantly reduce only the non-opioid form of stress analgesia. In the same animals, complete and partial NRM lesions disrupt morphine analgesia; however, our analyses indicate that this effect is not mediated b by the same substrate involved in either form of stress analgesia. These results support the existence of multiple endogenous analgesia mechanisms and indicate a complex role of the NRM in these systems.
Characterization of cytoplasmic mutants of Nicotiana tabacum with altered photosynthetic function

A series of cytoplasmic mutants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were generated and characterized. Compared to wild type tobacco, they were found to have diminished levels of photosynthetic pigments and a range of functional impairments including modified chlorophyll fluorescence properties, loss of Photosystem I and/or II electron transport activity, and aberrant ultrastructure. Although the loss of defined functional activities was correlated with the depletion of specific thylakoid membrane proteins, no simple rules governed the relationship between structural defects and photosynthetic deficiencies. All of these mutants exhibited pleiotropic losses of polypeptides, including those known to be nuclear-encoded; this is consistent with the concept that loss of one component of a multi-subunit membrane protein complex results in unstable complex assembly. The phenotype of two mutants was developmentally regulated, in one case with slow chloroplast developments and in the other by premature senescence of Photosystem II centers as a function of leaf development. These mutants should be especially useful in studying membrane protein assembly.
Do physicians spend less time with patients in contact isolation?: a time-motion study of internal medicine interns.

The use of contact isolation precautions for patients colonized or infected with drug-resistant or easily transmissible organisms is a widely accepted strategy for reducing transmission of hospital-associated infections. Although hospitals throughout the country have implemented these practices at great logistical and financial expense, there is little high quality data to support their use. Isolation precautions have unintended consequences, including a reduction in time spent with health care providers, lower patient satisfaction and more preventable adverse events (1–3). Only a few small studies have measured the impact of contact isolation on time spent by health care providers with patients. Given recent advances in spatial tracking technology, we set out to measure differences in time spent by internal medicine interns in contact isolation compared to non-isolation rooms.
Irradiation of MIS Capacitors with High Energy Electrons

High-energy electron bombardment of Me-SiO2-Si and Me-Si3N4-Si capacitors has been investigated by means of C-V and G-V measurements. The bombardment usually results in the introduction of positive charge into the insulator. This effect is explained by a physical model which involves interaction of secondary electrons with the insulator lattice to generate electron-hole pairs and predominant trapping of holes in the insulator. Dependence of radiation sensitivity on initial surface state density, gate thickness, oxidation procedure, surface orientation, bombardment bias, and previous radiation history, as well as the annealing behavior was studied.
Interval bounds for stationary values of functionals

Abstract : A number of important problems in applied mathematics can be reduced to finding stationary values of functionals (maxima, minima, and critical values). For functionals defined in terms of integrals, the method of interval integration provides a way to obtain interval (two-sided) bounds for these stationary values. As a special case of this method, upper and lower bounds for eigenvalues of linear operators can be obtained. The inclusion of stationary values in intervals is based on the use of interval functions which include the function for which the functional is stationary, and its derivatives. A simple way to construct such interval functions is given, and examples are presented of a minimum and an eigenvalue problem. The improvement of initial results by iteration is indicated. (Author)
High School Type, Sex, and Socio-Economic Factors as Predictors of the Academ Ic Achievement of University Students

Grade point average was predicted for a sample of 152 students in Principles of Economics classes at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. It was shown that knowledge of high school type, sex, number of credit hours taken, and perhaps dollar value of scholarships and number of hours of outside work could significantly increase the ability to predict grades beyond that accomplished through using rank in high school class and American College Testing Program (ACT) Composite Score.
Turkey and Iraq: The Making of a Partnership

Turkish–Iraqi relations have undergone a dramatic turnaround since 2007. The change in Turkish Iraq policy was driven by both domestic factors, primarily Turkey's Kurdish question and the ruling Justice and Development Party's, (AKP, Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi), desire to become a global player and an influential force in its neighboring regions. Underlying these ambitions is the burgeoning Turkish economy's need to deepen commercial links with everyone and find new export markets. Post-Saddam Iraq offered new opportunities for the AKP to seize. The Turkish government abandoned its policy of undermining the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in northern Iraq and instead opted to work closely with both the central government in Baghdad and the KRG. Iraq has become one of the more important success stories of the new Turkish foreign policy as Turkish economic ties with its southern neighbor have deepened and Turkish exports have mushroomed.
Fine Work: The Place of Gary Fine's: Everyday Genius in his Line of Ethnographic Studies:

symbol of the black defense of civil rights. He fought with the NAACP over financial matters immediately after the trial, then lost wife and daughter to tuberculosis. Just before the Depression, he left his secure hospital job to open a new Jim Crow hospital in Detroit. That failed and he subsequently gave up his medical license. He ran a small pharmacy for some years with limited success but was eventually forced to sell the house on Garland to pay back taxes. He moved into a small apartment inside Detroit's black ghetto and, in 1960, on the cusp of the civil rights revolution, took his own life. Residential integration was a possibility in the 1920s. All northern and southern cities had historie of blacks and whites living in the same neighborhoods. Dr. Sweet, Clarence Darrow, he NAACP and Frank Murphy sought to uphold equal racial opportunities including the right to live wherever you can afford But the nation spurned those opportunities for whites and blacks to live along side each other and send their children to the
Estrogen-induced SDF-1 production is mediated by estrogen receptor-α in female hearts after acute ischemia and reperfusion.

Background Gender differences exist in myocardial response to acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and estrogen mediates cardioprotection in the female heart after I/R. Accumulating evidence has indicated that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is increased in the ischemic heart and initiates cardioprotective effects. However, it is unknown whether SDF-1 plays a role in gender-specific response to myocardial I/R and in estrogen-induced acute protection. Therefore, we hypothesize that (1) increased SDF-1 production will be observed in female hearts compared with male hearts in response to I/R, which is attributable to the effect of estrogen; and that (2) estrogen receptor (ER)α, not ERβ mediates estrogen-contributed SDF-1 expression in female hearts after I/R. Methods Heart tissue subjected to I/R injury was assessed for myocardial expression of SDF-1 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and SDF-1 receptor—CXCR4 (Western blot). Groups were as follows: Rat hearts from adult male, female, ovariectomized female (OVX F), and male and OVX F supplemented with chronic 17β-estradiol (E2), and mouse hearts from adult male and female wild-type, ERα knockout (ERαKO) and ERβKO. Results I/R significantly increased myocardial SDF-1 expression in both genders. Higher levels of SDF-1 existed in female hearts after I/R compared with males. Depletion of endogenous estrogen by ovariectomy reduced cardiac SDF-1 production in females after I/R. E2 supplementation significantly restored SDF-1 expression in OVX F and males compared with their counterparts. Notably, ablation of ERα, not ERβ, markedly decreased SDF-1 production in females after I/R. Unlike SDF-1, cardiac CXCR4 expression was not affected by gender, sex hormone, or ERs in the ischemic heart. Conclusion Our study represents the first evidence that female hearts exhibit higher levels of SDF-1 expression compared with males after acute I/R. This increased myocardial SDF-1 production in females is partly owing to effect of estrogen through ERα, but not ERβ.
An exploration of actions of filial piety

Abstract Filial piety has greatly influenced parent care and the parent-child relationship in Korea as in China and Japan. In recent years, as Korea is undergoing a rapid social change, concern over parent care has been increasing. This growing concern necessitates a critical review of the willingness of adult children to practice filial piety. The very definition affiliai piety has become a public issue. Heretofore, filial piety has been described in abstract terms; it has been a concept too general to provide clear guidance for practice and research. This study, aimed at identifying specific indices of filial piety, developed a descriptive taxonomy of categories of concrete actions of filial piety by deconstructing the meanings of filial piety in practice. For this purpose, stories about adult children who exemplified filial piety were analyzed by the content analysis method and the results were triangulated with findings from a questionnaire survey of the same adult children. A set of 10 categories emerged, including respect, responsibility, affection and repayment. These categories enable a comprehensive assessment of caring of elderly parents by their adult children and a holistic under-standing of an “ideal form” of filial piety, to which Koreans are aspiring.
Using the thermal pressure to compute the physical properties of terrestrial planets

Abstract The density and temperature profiles of a planet's interior are calculated using a set of differential equations defining the major thermal and mechanical variables of a planet. One of these equations, the equation of state (EOS), is perhaps unique, because the density and volume effects are separated into two independent functions. The temperature-dependent part of the EOS is found from high-temperature properties measured on minerals at one atmosphere. The volume-dependent part of the EOS requires parameters determined by high-pressure experiments at room temperature. The density profile of the earth found from this relatively simple model matches the density profile determined from seismic models quite well. The temperature profile of the earth determined by this model agrees well with recently published temperature profiles. Temperature and density profiles of Mercury, Mars, and the Moon are found using assumed physical properties of the planets' outer mantles and using an assumed thickness of the planets' lithospheres.
The pattern of pairing that is effective for crossing over in complex B-A chromosome rearrangements in maize II.

The study of the mechanism of meiotic homolog pairing, approached by comparing chiasma frequencies in rearranged segments that differ in relative length and intrachromosomal location, is substantially extended here. For the first time, two kinds of evidence were found that centers specialized for alignment pairing may exist in maize chromosomes: (1) for two segments, higher than average crossover frequency per unit length was maintained when these were located in several different chromosomal positions with respect to centromere and telomere, and in fact apart from their own normal centromeres and telomeres. High crossover frequencies in these segments regardless of position are considered to reflect innate capacity for alignment pairing due to relatively strong pairing center content. (2) For a short rearranged segment, chiasma frequency was drastically reduced, and evidence suggests that all of the chiasmata found there depended upon juxtaposition made possible by the completion of the zip-up pairing process in the other arms of the translocation configuration. This short segment is thought to be essentially devoid of pairing center content. It seems possible that crossover frequency depression in short rearranged segments may usually not be due, as commonly supposed, to mechanical difficulties inherent in formation of contorted configurations, but rather to absence of pairing centers within them and the relative rarity (compared to the normal sequence situation) of enabling zip-up pairing. Evidence also indicates that pairing which leads to crossing over must frequently occur between internal translocated segments and their normal sequence counterparts in a way which cannot be dependent upon zipping-up of two-by-two pairing initiated at or near telomeres. Pairing centers in maize are probably numerous and widely dispersed, since coarse direct proportionality is found when chiasma frequency is compared for an array of segment lengths.
The Relationship between Working Conditions and Commercial Pilot Fatigue Development

Fatigue is an important factor in aviation accidents, and effective fatigue management requires understanding the relationship between working conditions and fatigue. Two studies were conducted to clarify the relationship between working conditions and fatigue. In the first study, 59 airline pilots completed a workload questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in the morning and at the completion of their final flight of the day. In the second study, 133 pilots completed a revised questionnaire and the POMS. In both samples, fatigue increased and vigor levels decreased. Regression of fatigue increase upon working conditions indicated that the number of takeoffs and landings during the day were related to fatigue development. Correlation of incident level with both weather and airport difficulty suggest that incident level is a function of weather conditions and airport difficulty. These results argue that fatigue management should be founded upon the demands of working conditions, not merely the...
Surgical Treatment of Takayasu's Arteritis: Case Report and Literature Review

Surgical intervention during the early stages of Takayasu's arteritis is rarely necessary. In the chronic stages of this disease, however, surgeons may be faced with difficult decisions regarding the timing of complex arterial reconstructions. These issues can be especially challenging in the pediatric population. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl with chronic Takayasu's arteritis complicated by malignant hypertension. Despite aggressive medical therapy, her blood pressure remained uncontrolled. Imaging studies demonstrated infrarenal aortic and right common iliac artery aneurysms with concomitant segmental stenosis of the right common iliac artery. Since her transplant kidney was based off the right external iliac artery, it was felt that this high-grade stenosis was responsible for her severe hypertension. Immediate surgical reconstruction was therefore recommended. Intraoperatively, the aneurysmal aorta and iliac arteries were found to be densely calcified. The transplant kidney was perfused during aortic clamping by placement of a suprarenal aorta to the right external iliac artery shunt. Endoaneurysmorrhaphy was then performed to reconstruct the aorta after extensive endarterectomy. In the early postoperative period, antihypertensive medications were decreased to two oral agents. She was discharged on the seventh postoperative day and placed on two agents. At a 1-year follow-up visit, she is on one antihypertensive medication. Her right leg complaints have resolved. Ultrasound surveillance revealed no evidence of recurrent aneurysmal or occlusive disease. A brief review of complications related to Takayasu's arteritis in the children and indications for surgical intervention completes this report.
Individual and Triadic and Group: Supervisee and Supervisor Perceptions of Each Modality

In this consensual qualitative research study, the authors explored supervisors' (n= 11) and their supervisees' (n= 31) perceptions of individual, triadic, and group supervision sessions during practicum. Data from supervisor individual interviews and supervisee focus-group interviews revealed several themes regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each supervision modality. Findings suggest the relative place of each modality in terms of goals and impact.
The Choice of Research Projects

tion is important because frequently when we speak in terms of scientific ethics we mean (1) though we talk in terms of (2). My feeling is that some general standards for judging behavior are necessary. The serious scientist needs increasingly to have a set of standards for himself by which he can decide what investigations are proper for him. I would suggest using these two guide lines: Information research propagacnda research: When a research worker engages in research not to gain understanding but to propagandize for a cause, he is not acting as a scientist. His efforts are to
The school food environment and student body mass index and food consumption: 2004 to 2007 national data.

Abstract Purpose This study identifies trends in the availability of various food choices in United States' middle and high schools from 2004 to 2007, and examines the potential associations between such food availability and students' self-reported eating habits and body mass index (BMI)–related outcomes. Methods Data are based on nationally representative samples of 78,442 students in 684 secondary schools surveyed from 2004 to 2007 as part of the Youth, Education, and Society (YES) study and the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. In the YES study, school administrators and food service managers completed self-administered questionnaires on their school's food environment. In the MTF study, students in the same schools completed self-administered questionnaires, providing data used to construct BMI and food consumption measures. Results Overall, there was a decrease in the availability of regular-sugar/fat food items in both middle and high schools, and some indication of an increase in high school availability of reduced-fat food items through school lunch or a la carte. Some minimal evidence was found for relationships between the school food environment and student BMI-related outcomes and food consumption measures. Conclusions United States secondary schools are making progress in the types of foods offered to students, with food items of lower nutritional value becoming less prevalent in recent years. Continued monitoring of food environment trends may help clarify whether and how such factors relate to youth health outcomes.
Practical design considerations for CPC solar collectors

Abstract Several practical problems are addressed which arise in the design of solar collectors with compound parabolic concentrators (CPC's). They deal with the selection of a receiver type, the optimum method for introducing a gap between receiver and reflector to minimize optical and thermal losses, and the effect of a glass envelope around the receiver. This paper also deals with the effect of mirror errors and receiver misalignment, and the effect of the temperature difference between fluid and absorber plate. The merits of a CPC as a second stage concentrator are analyzed.
Temperature-dependent bouncing of super-cooled water on teflon-coated superhydrophobic tungsten nanorods

Abstract The bouncing mechanism of warm and supercooled water droplets with temperatures ranging from 20 °C to −10 °C on the surface of superhydrophobic (SHP) tungsten nanorods (WNRs), held at a constant temperature of −10 °C, was investigated. The measurements were carried out inside a chamber kept at a low relative humidity of 20%. A considerable energy loss was observed mainly due to the increase in the viscous forces of the supercooled water droplet. The increase in the values of the capillary number, as a result of the variation in both viscosity and surface energy of the supercooled water droplet, has confirmed the significant role of viscous forces in the dissipation of bouncing energy. However, the contact time and contact line evolution of the supercooled water droplet on the surface remained unaffected by the decrease in its temperature at constant humidity. The calculations of the bouncing restitution and dissipated energy at various water droplet temperatures, using classical mechanics, were also carried out.
Effects of Personal and Situational Factors on Attitudes toward Suicide

This study investigated whether attitudes on suicide would be affected by the individual's personal characteristics and the nature of the situation. It was hypothesized that suicide would be judged more or less “justifiable” depending on characteristics of the crisis confronting the suicidal individual as well as perception of the individual's general utility to society as a whole. Eighty undergraduates responded to sixteen fictional suicide case histories with judgments on a series of twelve items indicating their perception of the “justifiability” of the suicidal act in each case. Results showed that the personal characteristics of the suicidal individual made little difference, but that the nature of the crisis confronting the suicidal individual affected judgments of justifiability. Specifically, respondents tended to regard physical deterioration and pain as more justifiable motives for suicide than the less acceptable motives of mental deterioration or pain. Implications of the data for theories on ...
Simplified quantitation of urinary benzoylecgonine in cocaine addiction research and for related pharmacotherapeutic trials

In clinical trials of potential pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction, objective determination of subject relapse relies on qualitative urine analysis for benzoylecgonine, the major metabolite of cocaine. Unlike qualitative analysis, quantitative measurement allows differentiation between continued cocaine use and a single use, as well as identification of changes in the quantity of cocaine used at different times. The only quantitative technique that has been used is expensive and not generally feasible. This study was performed to modify an existing qualitative technique for use as a new simple and readily available quantitative method for identifying cocaine use among research subjects. Benzoylecgonine levels in 24-hour urine specimens collected from 11 cocaine-addicted subjects hospitalized in a research setting were measured semi-quantitatively by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Accurate results required thorough mixing of urine specimens prior to analysis. At admission, eight subjects had urinary benzoylecgonine levels > or = 0.30 microgram/ml, the standard positive/negative cut-off used in qualitative analysis. The mean half-life of benzoylecgonine during initial elimination was 0.46 +/- 0.08 (SEM, n = 8) days. Benzoylecgonine (BE)/creatinine (C) levels remained > or = 0.30 microgramBE/mgC for 4.8 +/- 0.5 (n = 8) days and > or = 0.03 microgramBE/mgC for 10.5 +/- 1.5 (n = 8) days. Relapses in three subjects could be identified by quantitative analysis. This study indicates that quantitation of benzoylecgonine in daily urine specimens provides a sensitive, objective index to cocaine use.
Attentional bias affects change detection.

Thirty smokers and 30 nonsmokers participated in aflicker study in which the role of attentional bias in change detection was examined. The participants observed picture pairs of everyday objects flicker on a computer screen until they detected the one object that had changed. In half of the pictures, a smoking-related object (e.g., a lighter) was included among smoking-unrelated objects (e.g., a spoon). Half of the smokers and half of the nonsmokers were aware of the experiment’s focus, and the other half were not. The smokers exhibited shorter detection latencies than did the nonsmokers when a smoking object changed and longer detection latencies when a nonsmoking object changed while a smoking object was present, and they exhibited detection latencies similar to those of the nonsmokers when smoking objects were not present. Interestingly, the nonsmokers displayed the same attentional bias as the smokers when they were aware of the experiment’s smoking focus, but they did not display any attentional bias when they were unaware. Thus, these findings provide evidence for long-term context-independent, as well as for short-term context-dependent, attentional bias.