cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Randomization in traffic information sharing systems

In this paper, we consider a traffic information sharing system based on Floating Car Data (FCD). FCD is one of the methods used to gather traffic information; it uses vehicles as sensor nodes that transmit their speed to the server. The traffic information sharing system broadcasts speed information updated by such transmission. Vehicles receiving broadcasted speed information can calculate travel time and select a minimum time route. The communication cost and the load of the server are issues, because such a traffic information sharing system can generate a lot of wireless communication between the vehicles and the server [2][3]. However, reducing the amount of communication lowers the accuracy of information provided by the server. In this paper we propose an Information Cost Model to quantify a trade-off relationship between the communication cost of the system and the accuracy of information. Additionally, we propose a randomized method to reduce the number of messages from clients to the server by avoiding redundant transmissions. We compared the performance of our proposed method with that of a conventional method, using real traffic data from Chicago highways. The result shows that our proposed method generally outperforms the conventional method.
5'-Nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in developing fetal guinea pig brain and the effect of maternal hypoxia.

The activity of key enzymes of adenosine metabolism was studied in the developing fetal guinea pig brain. The activities of 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase were determined in the brains of fetal guinea pigs at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 days of gestation. The level of 5′-nucleotidase activity was extremely low at 30 and 35 days of gestation but increased rapidly during the 40 to 60 day period. The enzyme activity increased in the presence of Mg2+ with the Mg2+-dependent activation increasing with the age of gestation. This Mg2+-dependent activity was primarily associated with the membrane fraction. Prenatal hypoxia significantly increased the fetal brain M2+-independent 5′-nucleotidase activity at 45 days of gestational age and beyond. Prior to this age, no effect was evident. Furthermore, following hypoxia, the Mg2+-dependent activation of 5′-nucleotidase activity was lost. The activity of adenosine deaminase was present at 30 days of gestation and, unlike 5′-nucleotidase, it remained at the same level until 60 days. The results indicate that the term fetal guinea pig brain has the enzymatic mechanisms of adenosine metabolism and thus the potential for adenosine-mediated regulation of cerebrovasculature during hypoxia.
The Neural Network Approach to Input–Output Analysis for Economic Systems

Economic practitioners in China are giving up the classical Leontief's Input-Output analysis methods. This paper offers an alternative method of input-output analysis. The proposed method is based on the layered neural network model. It shows that neural networks method can be useful for input-output analysis for a dynamic economic system.
Early Benefits of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (SEPS) in Healing Venous Ulcers

Efficacy of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) in assisting the healing of venous ulcers was determined. During the period June 1995 to May 1996, 19 limbs in 17 patients were treated by SEPS. Thirteen limbs had open ulcers (class 6), five limbs had healed ulcers (class 5), and one limb had severe lipodermatosclerosis (class 4). There were nine male and eight female patients (average age 58, range 33–86). One male had bilateral open ulcers and one female had one open and one healed ulcer. Open ulcers had been present for an average duration of 4.4 years (range 1–14 years). The average ulcer size was 2.8 × 2.2 cm (range 1 × 1 cm to 12 × 6 cm). All operations were conducted on an outpatient basis. At surgery an attempt was made to correct all superficial venous pathophysiology. In addition to SEPS, 12 limbs (63%) had greater saphenous vein (GSV) stripping and 15 patients (79%) had stab avulsion of painful varicose veins. The average number of perforators ligated during SEPS was 3.68 (range 2–8). All active ulcers healed within 90 days. The mean time to healing was 30.5 days (range 6–90 days). Minor postoperative complications (one groin hematoma, three wound infections) occurred in four limbs (21%). There have been no ulcer recurrences during follow-up (mean 8.6 months, range 3–16 months). Outpatient SEPS is an important adjunct in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Experience in this group of 19 limbs strongly suggests that SEPS appears to accelerate the healing of venous ulcers compared to historical controls.
Acid Phosphatase Activity in Human Blood Cells

AN improved azo dye method1 has been applied to human blood cells by which acid phosphatase activity could be demonstrated in all peripheral leucocytes and platelets. This technique is based on the use of phosphate esters of ‘Naphthol AS’ derivatives2 as substrates and hexazonium p-rosanilin as a coupler3,4.
Nonfluorinated volatile copper(I) 1,3-diketiminates as precursors for Cu metal deposition via atomic layer deposition.

Novel nonfluorinated Cu(diketiminate)L complexes with L = neutral olefinic ligand have been prepared as stable, volatile Cu(I) precursors for the deposition of copper films by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. Among them, the complexes of 4-a and 5-a are the most volatile and stable at low temperature (55 °C). A clean, conformal copper film was deposited at 120 °C in an ALD process. These Cu(I) complexes are the first examples of nonfluorinated copper(I) diketiminates that can be readily applied to an industrial microelectronic fabrication process.
Synthetic analogs of the active sites of iron-sulfur proteins. VIII. Some electronic properties of [Fe4S4(SR)4]3; analogs of reduced bacterial ferredoxins

Summary One-electron reduction of the synthetic tetramers [Fe 4 S 4 (SR) 4 ] 2− (R = CH 2 Ph, Ph), by chemical and electrochemical methods affords the corresponding trianions. The collective results from optical, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Mossbauer spectroscopy, when compared to available data for reduced 4-Fe and 8-Fe ferredoxin proteins and super-reduced Chromatium high-potential protein, reveal that [Fe 4 S 4 (SR) 4 ] 3− are electronic analogs of the [Fe 4 S 4 (S-Cys) 4 ] active sites of these proteins.
CHRONIC ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY PRODUCED BY CAUTERY

Many attempts have been made to produce chronic adrenal insufficiency. A review of the earlier work is given elsewhere (Hartman). Ligation of a part of the blood supply was used with some success in earlier work. Rogoff recently by the use of this method has succeeded in greatly prolonging the survival period after operation. Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency were observed at intervals. More than two years ago we started a series of experiments on cats in which the adrenal medulla was destroyed, in order to note the behavior of such animals over long periods. Certain observations which appear to be significant are here reported. We tried splitting open the ends of both adrenals and then removing the medulla by a sharp scalpel. The adrenals of the two cats thus operated upon were examined at 272 and 321 days, respectively. Both adrenals contained good medullary tissue in each instance.
Decomposition of hydrolysates of chemical warfare agents using photoactivated periodate

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of periodate and photoactivated periodate oxidation of the hydrolysates of chemical warfare agents (HCWAs), thiodiglycol (TDG), 3,3-dithiopropanol (TDP), and 1,4-thioxane (TX), were investigated at pH 3, pH 7, and pH 10 under dark (in the absence of light) and monochromatic UV light irradiation. Dark reactions occurred by oxygen addition to sulfur atoms in HCWAs at pH 3 and pH 7 following the trend: TDP > TX > TDG. At pH 10 in the absence of light, both Malaprade and oxygen addition reaction mechanisms occurred in the reaction of H 3 IO 6 2− with HCWAs but at slower reaction rates compared to low pH dark reactions following the order: TDG > TDP > TX. The presence of monochromatic UV light at 220 nm, 240 nm, or 254 nm had insignificant improvements on HCWA degradation at low pH. At pH 10, the presence of 220 nm light resulted in an increase in degradation of HCWAs compared to dark reactions following the trend of electron density on the sulfur atom of the compound (TDP > TDG > TX). However, TDG, the compound with the largest dark reaction rate constant at pH 10 had the smallest percent increase in degradation due to the addition of light. Conversely, TX had the smallest dark reaction rate constant and the largest percent increase in degradation due to the addition of light. In the presence of light, the addition of t -butanol decreased degradation rates at pH 10 suggesting that OH plays an important role in the reactions. Degradation trends and kinetic modeling also suggest that iodyl radicals are involved in TX reactions.
Pancreatic function in cirrhosis of the liver

1. Pancreatic function was evaluated in 25 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. 2. An abnormal secretin test, suggesting pancreatic disease, was found in 44% of the patients: Three patients had a low duodenal bicarbonate output and 10 patients showed a significant rise in serum diastase. 3. Random and serial serum diastase levels were frequently abnormal, usually in patients with an abnormal secretin test. 4. A markedly increased duodenal-volume response to secretin was observed in 48% of the patients. The origin and significance of this hypersecretion are discussed. 5. Steatorrhea was present in 57% of the patients. In only a few cases could it be attributed to pancreatic insufficiency.
Inverse Phosphotriester DNA Synthesis Using Photochemically-Removable Dimethoxybenzoin Phosphate Protecting Groups

A method has been developed to prepare short DNA sequences using light to deprotect a nucleoside 3‘-phosphotriester, generating a phosphodiester useful for coupling with a free 5‘-OH-nucleotide. The dimethoxybenzoin group is used as the photochemically-removable protecting group for the 3‘-phosphate. Cyanoethyl is most effective as the second protecting group on the phosphodiester. Because the method is directed at the preparation and use of the DNA sequences while still bound to the support, allyl and allyloxycarbonyl protecting groups are used for the nitrogenous bases since, based on the work of Hayakawa and Noyori, they can be removed without cleaving the DNA from the support. Two simple trinucleotides have been prepared in solution using this method. It has been demonstrated that the photochemical deprotection conditions do not lead to the formation of cyclobutane dimers from adjacent T residues.
Food intake in a multicultural southwestern population II. Ethnic, gender and age differences

The purpose of this paper was to assess ethnic, gender and age differences in food consumption and liking in a Southwestern population. Subjects were 176 Anglo, Hispanic, Navajo and Jemez Indian elementary school children. Numerous ethnic differences in food intake and liking were identified, and a smaller number of gender and age differences were also significant. These results suggest that nutrition programs and curriculum development should be adapted and individualized to fit the needs of children of different cultures, genders and ages.
Chip-based solid-phase extraction pretreatment for direct electrospray mass spectrometry analysis using an array of monolithic columns in a polymeric substrate

An array of eight porous monolithic columns, prepared in a Zeonor polymeric chip by UV-initiated polymerization of butyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate, was tested for solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup of biological samples prior to directly coupled electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The chip, fabricated by hot embossing and thermal bonding, consists of eight parallel channels (10 mm long, 360 μm i.d.) connected via external fused-silica capillaries. The monomer mixture was aspirated simultaneously into the eight channels using a homemade vacuum manifold device and polymerized in parallel for 20 min under UV irradiation. The porous monolithic columns were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and evaluated by ESI-MS applications with respect to sample capacity, recovery, reproducibility of peak area or peak height ratios, and linearity between peak height ratio and concentration using imipramine as a pharmaceutical test compound. The average sample capacity was estimated to...
Approximate analytical orbital functions for second and third-row transition metals

Approximate analytical functions fors, p, d, andf orbitals of the second and third-row transition metals have been constructed from the Herman-Skillman Hartree-Fock-Slater numerical wave functions. They consist of orthonormal linear combinations of Slater-type orbital functions, and depend on a weighted least-squares criterion to judge the accuracy of the fit. The option of using a single-μ (one orbital function per extremum) or double-μ representation for the outermost maximum of a given function is included. Whereas the latter basis set is more flexible, convergence problems in the fitting method as well as an inherent arbitrariness in choosing the fitting criterion result in derived parameters which are not uniquely determined by the least-squares criterion alone. By relaxing the orthogonality requirement for orbitals of the samel and differentn it is shown that the accuracy of the fit can be significantly improved. The importance of a proper choice for the fitting criterion is discussed.
Spatially varying scatter compensation for digital chest radiography

Previously, we have shown the effectiveness of using Bayesian image estimation (BIE) to reduce scatter and increase the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) in digital chest radiography without degradation of resolution. Here, we investigate the incorporation of a spatially varying scatter model. Previously, BIE used a simple model for scatter, where scatter was modeled as a spatially invariant radial exponential with a single full-width at half-maximum and magnitude. This invariance resulted in some overcompensation and some undercompensation. A new spatially varying scatter model, where each pixel can have a different scatter kernel magnitude, was incorporated into BIE and used to reduce scatter in quantitative chest radiographs. Scatter fractions were reduced to less than 3% in the lung and mediastinum at 8 iterations. The original BIE technique only reduced scatter fractions to less than 2% in the lung and 38% in the mediastinum. CNR was improved by approximately 60% in the lung region and 200% in the mediastinum. No degradation of resolution was measured. Visual inspection showed improvement of image quality. Incorporation of a spatially varying scatter model into BIE reduces scatter to levels which far exceed those provided by an anti-scatter grid and can increase CNR without loss of resolution.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The spatial and mechanical challenges of female meiosis

Recent work shows that cytokinesis and other cellular morphogenesis events are tuned by an interplay among biochemical signals, cell shape, and cellular mechanics. In cytokinesis, this includes cross-talk between the cortical cytoskeleton and the mitotic spindle in coordination with cell cycle control, resulting in characteristic changes in cellular morphology and mechanics through metaphase and cytokinesis. The changes in cellular mechanics affect not just overall cell shape, but also mitotic spindle morphology and function. This review will address how these principles apply to oocytes undergoing the asymmetric cell divisions of meiosis I and II. The biochemical signals that regulate cell cycle timing during meiotic maturation and egg activation are crucial for temporal control of meiosis. Spatial control of the meiotic divisions is also important, ensuring that the chromosomes are segregated evenly and that meiotic division is clearly asymmetric, yielding two daughter cells – oocyte and polar body – with enormous volume differences. In contrast to mitotic cells, the oocyte does not undergo overt changes in cell shape with its progression through meiosis, but instead maintains a relatively round morphology with the exception of very localized changes at the time of polar body emission. Placement of the metaphase-I and -II spindles at the oocyte periphery is clearly important for normal polar body emission, although this is likely not the only control element. Here, consideration is given to how cellular mechanics could contribute to successful mammalian female meiosis, ultimately affecting egg quality and competence to form a healthy embryo.
Studies of Nutritional Levels of Oleandomycin in Broiler Rations

Abstract IN EARLY nutrition studies with antibiotics in chicks (Matterson and Singsen, 1951; Heuser and Norris, 1952; and Lillie and Bird, 1952), consistent and relatively large growth responses were obtained in the range of 10 to 20 percent. Similarly with turkey poults, reports of early experiments by Stokstad and Jukes (1950), Almquist and Merritt (1951), Branion and Hill (1951), McGinnis et al. (1951) and Williams and Hill (1952) showed growth responses to antibiotics of 20 percent to over 40 percent. Under conditions of continuous feeding of antibiotics with relatively good sanitation some investigators have observed that in recent years the percentage response to antibiotics has decreased. This diminished antibiotic response has been associated with a pronounced improvement with time in the performance of the non-supplemented control groups rather than a decreased growth rate of the antibiotic-supplemented groups. Waibel et al. (1954) reported results of antibiotic trials conducted in an “old” environment …
Single-particle spectral weight of a two-dimensional Hubbard model.

Numerical results for the single-particle spectral weight A(p,\ensuremath{\omega}) and the density of states N(\ensuremath{\omega}) for a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 Hubbard model are presented. Both the half filled insulating state and the doped metallic state are considered. At half filling the numerical results are compared with the mean-field spin-density-wave single-particle spectral weight, and away from half filling with a renormalized quasiparticle band description. The relationship of these results to experimental photoemission, inverse photoemission, and angular-resolved measurements is discussed.
Suicide and homicide at Easter.

Lester ( 1979) reporced that suicides were generally less common and homicides more common on the major national holidays, and Lester (1987) calculated exact suicide and homicide rates for each holidzy for 1772-1977. In the present paper I examined suicide and homicide at Easter for the same time period, 1772-1979. The number of suicides and homicides for each day of the year are found in the annual volume, Vital Statistics of the United Starer (National Center for Health Statistics, 1976-1984). Compared to similar days one week before and one week after the Easter holiday, the number of suicides on Good Friday, Easter Saturday, Easter Sunday, and Easter Monday did not differ significantly ( x i 2 = 0.73, 0.17, 2.22, and 1.51, respectively). The suicide rates per 100 million per day for these holidays were 33, 34, 31, and 36, respectively relative to mean of 34 per average day of the year. There were significantly more homicides on Good Friday, not significantly more on Easter Saturday and Easter Sunday, but significantly more on Easter Monday ( x , ~ = 5.52, 3.21, 1.01, and 4.58, respectively). The homicide rates per 100 million per day for these holidays mere 29, 34, 31, and 24, respectively, relative to the mean of 26 per average day of the year. It appears then that suicides are not more or less common over Easter, while homicides tend to be more common. These results are reasonably consistent with those reported by Lescer (1987) for the six major nonreligious holidays of the year for which homicide rates were higher and suicide rates lower.
Wooing zoomers: marketing to the mature traveler

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight consumer trends relating to the baby boomer generation and identify the relevant marketing communications required to connect with these travelers.Design/methodology/approach – This study involved a thorough review of recently published marketing research and new reports dedicated to the baby boomer generation and the travel industry.Findings – Traveling boomers are looking for a memorable experience rather than a holiday, seeking authenticity, spiritual and mental enlightenment, nostalgia, convenience and spontaneity, all packaged in a safe, customized, healthy, green wrapping and delivered with great customer service. To connect with these boomers, marketers should emphasize youth, use nostalgia, show how to improve boomers' lives, provide detailed information, promote the experience, and use a variety of media.Research limitations/implications – The literature on marketing to baby boomers is fragmented and sometimes contradictory. This could be becaus...
Experimental investigation of parallel-walled and divergent-walled open thermosyphons

Abstract Natural convection experiments are performed for plane-walled, slot-like open thermosyphons having either parallel principal walls or divergent principal walls. The fluid in the thermosyphon and its surroundings is water ( Pr ≅ 5). When the two principal walls are heated and maintained at the same uniform temperature which exceeds that of the surroundings, unstable operation is encountered. The instability is believed due to inherent obstructions to the transport of cool fluid from the surroundings to the thermosyphon, such transport being needed to make up for the hot fluid discharged from the thermosyphon to the surroundings. Steady-state Nusselt number results are obtained for the one-sided-heated thermosyphon. For the parallel-walled case, a universal Nusselt number correlation is achieved as the 0.25 power of the product of the inverse aspect ratio and the Rayleigh number. This correlation yields heat transfer coefficients that are independent of the interwall spacing. Furthermore, aside from a 7% difference in a multiplicative constant, the correlation is identical to that for natural convection in a one-sided-heated vertical channel open at both the top and bottom. Divergence of the principal walls of the one-sidedheated thermosyphon has only a small effect on the Nusselt number, with departures of no more than 5% from those for the parallel-walled case.
Connecting the Strengths of Gestalt Chairs to Asian Clients

The authors have used Gestalt empty-chair techniques in social work settings, helping Asian clients who may be nonexpressive to deal with bereavement issues, to confront parent–child relationship issues, and to express feelings toward personal losses. The applications of various empty-chair methods are based on four characteristics of many Asian clients: (1) connecting the meaning of “shame” in therapeutic interventions, (2) avoiding the loss of “face” in confronting relatives and friends, (3) using alternative and complementary means to replace traditional therapy and direct confrontation, and (4) using inner control and spirituality in resolving interpersonal guilt and conflict. From concrete evidence with their Asian clients, the authors illustrate specific therapeutic steps with practice dialogues to help practitioners develop culturally-sensitive skills in the process of using empty-chair techniques. These dialogues support positive outcomes in (1) responding to the therapeutic exercise, (2) engaging...
Trajectory sensitivity of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions

The robustness of Transient Climate Response to cumulative Emissions (TCRE) is tested using an Earth System Model (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory-ESM2G) forced with seven different constant rates of carbon emissions (2 GtC/yr to 25 GtC/yr), including low emission rates that have been largely unexplored in previous studies. We find the range of TCRE resulting from varying emission pathways to be 0.76 to 1.04°C/TtC. This range, however, is small compared to the uncertainty resulting from varying model physics across the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ensemble. TCRE has a complex relationship with emission rates; TCRE is largest for both low (2 GtC/yr) and high (25 GtC/yr) emissions and smallest for present-day emissions (5–10 GtC/yr). Unforced climate variability hinders precise estimates of TCRE for periods shorter than 50 years for emission rates near or smaller than present day values. Even if carbon emissions would stop, the prior emissions pathways will affect the future climate responses.
The Implicit Dimension of Meaning: Ways of “Filling In” and “Filling Out” Content

I distinguish between the classical Gricean approach to conversational implicatures (CIs), which I call the action-theoretic (AT) approach, and the approach to CIs taken in contemporary cognitive science. Once we free ourselves from the AT account, and see implicating as a form of what I call “conversational tailoring”, we can more easily see the many different ways that CIs arise in conversation. I will show that they arise not only on the basis of a speaker’s utterance of complete sentences (CIs which most resemble classical Gricean CIs) but also on the basis of sub-sentential clauses—cases of so-called embedded implicatures—as well as from discourse segments containing several sentences—cases that Geurts (2006, 2009) calls ‘multiplicatures’. I will argue that they arise also from contents that are themselves implicit, such as presupposed contents or other implicatures. All but the first sort of case are difficult for the traditional Gricean AT account to handle, whereas they fall naturally out of an account that sees conversational participants as engaged in conversational tailoring—i.e., as engaged in a process of shaping informational and discourse structural properties of utterances in their successive conversational turns, and hence shaping their interlocutors’ cognitive environments.
Diffusion tensor analysis of temporal and extra-temporal lobe tracts in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Summary Objective To determine whether the major temporal lobe white matter tracts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy manifest abnormal water diffusion properties. Methods Diffusion tensor MRI measurements were obtained from tractography for uncinate, arcuate, inferior longitudinal fasciculi and corticospinal tract in 13 children with left temporal lobe epilepsy and normal conventional MRI, and the data were compared to measurements in 12 age-matched normal volunteers. The relationship between tensor parameters and duration of epilepsy was also determined. Results All four tracts in the affected left hemisphere showed lower mean anisotropy, planar and linear indices, but higher spherical index in patients versus controls. Diffusion changes in the left uncinate and arcuate fasciculus correlated significantly with duration of epilepsy. Arcuate fasciculus showed a reversal of the normal left–right asymmetry. Various diffusion abnormalities were also seen in the four tracts studied in the right hemisphere. Conclusion Our findings indicate abnormal water diffusion in temporal lobe and extra-temporal lobe tracts with robust changes in the direction perpendicular to the axons. Diffusion abnormalities associated with duration of epilepsy suggest progressive changes in ipsilateral uncinate and arcuate fasciculus due to chronic seizure activity. Finally, our results in arcuate fasciculus are consistent with language reorganization to the contralateral right hemisphere.
Feature Selection in Pattern Recognition

The problem of feature selection in pattern recognition is briefly reviewed. Feature selection techniques discussed include 1) information theoretic approach, 2) direct estimation of error probability, 3) feature-space transformation, and 4) approach of using stochastic automata model. These techniques are applied to the selection of features in the crop classification problem. Computer similation results are presented and compared.
Constructs of Indian English in language ‘guidebooks’

This study follows the approach developed in Dendrinos (1992) for EFL textbook analysis, and presents a content analysis of 11 Indian ‘Common Errors in English’ (CEIE) guidebooks to illustrate how access to English is institutionally withheld from large parts of the Indian population. The paper examines seven features: organization, quality and extent of grammatical explanation, reliability of error lists, the pedagogical goals of the authors, how the materials are meant to supplement English language instruction, the variety of English being taught, and the fluency of the authors in the variety being taught. The study also compares the Indian CEIE books to five comparable works published in the United States and Great Britain. The comparative analysis illustrates how concern with standardized examinations encourages the use of memorization as a language learning strategy; this strategy shapes the pedagogy employed in the CEIE guidebooks. The employment of outdated teaching methods and the poor grasp of English exhibited by the authors of the guidebooks, serve to disadvantage students who rely on these books. While the elite agree that English is necessary for social advancement in India, the tools provided to some students for the mastery of English do not encourage fluency. To these students it must seem that the dominant ideology which values English for Indians does not do so for all Indians.
Dynamic inelastic response of thick shells using endochronic theory and the method of nearcharacteristics. [LMFBR]

The endochronic theory of plasticity originated by Valanis has been applied to study the axially symmetric motion of circular cylindrical thick shells subjected to an arbitrary pressure transient applied at its inner surface. The constitutive equations for the thick shells have been obtained. The governing equations are then solved by means of the near-characteristics method.
Invertebrate communities of subcanopy epiphyte mats subject to commercial moss harvest

Subcanopy epiphytic bryophyte mats are subject to the commercial removal of over 3.7 million kg/year of fresh epiphytic bryophytes (the non-timber forest product of “moss”) from the Coast and Cascade Mountain ranges in the Pacific Northwest of North America. This paper reports on four pilot studies that provide the first characterization of the invertebrates impacted by this harvest. Invertebrates were extracted from harvestable moss mats in both mountain ranges over a period of 4 years. A total of 205 morphospecies and over 143,000 individuals were found in 337 moss mats (totaling less than 25 kg of moss, fresh weight). Invertebrates associated with both canopy and forest floor habitats were recorded. Overall morphospecies composition did not differ between mats harvested from the shrubs vine maple (Acer circinatum) and huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), nor between mats harvested from the stem bases and the branch tips of vine maple. The invertebrate fauna composition was correlated with elevation, stand age, and the vertical distance to water in both the Coast and Cascade Mountain ranges. The lack of differentiation in morphospecies with mat position or host species indicates that these commercial moss harvest practices do not discriminate among taxa, but the overall impacts of harvesting have yet to be determined.
Maintenance-Related Accidents: A Comparison of Amateur-Built Aircraft to all Other General Aviation

In a previous study, Goldman, Fiedler, and King (2002) found that a little over 7% of the 19831999 National Transportation Safety Board general aviation (GA) accident investigation reports listed at least one maintenance-related error as the primary cause or factor. Amateur-built aircraft accounted for an average of 14% of these same general aviation maintenance-related accidents, even though amateur-built aircraft account for less than 3% of the GA hours flown. Using the 1983-200 1 National Transportation Safety Board GA accident investigation reports, this study compares maintenance-related accidents for amateur-built and all other GA aircraft by type of maintenance procedure, airframe hours, phase of operation, and time since last inspection. For this 18-year sample of maintenance-related accidents, 41 3 involved amateur-built aircraft, and 3,262 involved all other types of GA aircraft. General aviation flight hours continue to increase: Amateur-built aircraft flight hours, alone, increased from under 300,000 hours in 1993 to about 900,000 in 2000.
Feminine gender identity and psychological adjustment of male transsexuals and male homosexuals

Abstract Previously, researchers have compared homosexuals with transsexuals as if these were two homogenous groups. In the present study male to female transsexuals who had applied for sex reassignment surgery were divided into two groups: (a) those who reported either no history or irregular history of cross‐sex dressing initiating after age 20 and (b) those who reported regular cross‐sex dressing since early childhood or adulthood. Homosexuals were divided into masculine and effeminate groups, based on the behavioral Effeminacy Rating Scale. These four groups were then compared on the Feminine Gender Identity Scale (part A) and the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale (TSCS). Results indicated that transsexuals report preferring more female activities and desiring to be female significantly more since age 6 than did homosexuals. Effeminate homosexuals wished, since age 13, that they had been born female significantly more often than did masculine homosexuals. On the TSCS, none of the group means differed signi...
Nephropathy in the rabbit associated with immunization to a group a streptococcal Lipoteichoic acid

Regimental intravenous injections of counter-ion complexes consisting of a group A streptococcal lipoteichoic acid and methylated bovine serum albumin given as a stabilized water-in-oil double emulsion elicited strong antibody responses in rabbits to teichoic acid accompanied by weak to nonexistent humoral responses to the protein; hyperimmunization with these complexes resulted in nephropathy associated with the formation of renal casts, the presence of proteinuria, and kidney swelling. When rabbits were immunized with the complex and then later challenged with soluble, non-complexed and non-immunogenic teichoic acid alone, teichoic acid, antibody, and complement were demonstrable in the glomeruli. This suggested that a humoral immune response directed towards the teichoic acid could lead to a renal dysfunction and that teichoic acid, under certain circumstances, could play some role in immune-dependent pathogenesis.
Structural Ambiguities and Written Advertisements: An Inventory of Tools for More Resourceful Advertisements in English.

Competent writers usually avoid ambiguity, but there are some types of writing tasks such as advertising in which a writer might actually want to create ambiguous wordplays. Among the most interesting of the wordplays are those which involve structural ambiguities. In the natural course of brainstorming, advertisers will occasionally generate structural ambiguities, but a more conscious understanding of the structure of a language could make the generation of such ambiguities easier. The English language contains some characteristics and patterns which contribute significantly toward creating structural ambiguities. And if ad writers know where to focus their attention, structurally ambiguous wordplays can be generated more from design than happenstance. This article examines some of the structural features of the language which could prove useful to advertisers who wish to create deliberate structural ambiguities.
An XPS Study on the Composition of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Tribofilms and Their Effect on Camshaft Lobe Wear

In this study, various zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP)-derived tribofilms were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the relationship between tribofilm chemical composition and wear severity. Samples were generated on camshaft lobes from engine tests conducted at different oil temperatures, and wear depths were measured with a surface profilometer. Tribofilm specimens were analyzed by XPS to assess changes in film chemistry as a function of wear severity. Tribofilms present on all camshaft lobes were found to contain polyphosphate glass of various chain lengths. Long-chain polyphosphates were observed on low wear tracks, whereas short-chain polyphosphates were found on more severe wear tracks. Variations in polyphosphate chain length are also apparent at different wear depths along a low wear track. The presence of long-chain polyphosphates on low wear tracks was indicative of their superior antiwear properties, whereas the occurrence of short-chain polyphosphates on more p...
Intrafollicular Pressure in the Feather Follicle

Abstract A PREVIOUS report by Ostmann, Ringer and Tetzlaff (1963) indicated that anesthetics, sympathetic and parasympathetic blocking agents, and tranquilizing drugs caused the feather to loosen within its follicle. These workers did not clarify the exact role played by the muscles and wall of the feather follicle in feather release. An experiment using intrafollicular pressure as a measurement was designed to study the mechanism involved in the loose and tight states within the feather follicle. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Mature S. C. White Leghorn hens were secured on an operating cradle which held them virtually motionless. A mature feather was randomly selected for studying intrafollicular pressure from either the femoral or caudal feather tract. With procaine used as a local anesthetic, one of the brachial veins was then cannulated for the subsequent injection of sodium pentobarbital. All feather shafts in the immediate area of the chosen feather were cut at the level of…
Phase I study of cetuximab, irinotecan, and vandetanib (ZD6474) as therapy for patients with previously treated metastastic colorectal cancer.

Background To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety, and explore efficacy and biomarkers of vandetanib with cetuximab and irinotecan in second-line metastatic colorectal cancer.
Generalized Stokes eigenfunctions: a new trial basis for the solution of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract The present study focuses on the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in general, non-separable domains, and employs a Galerkin projection of divergence-free vector functions as a trial basis. This basis is obtained from the solution of a generalized constrained Stokes eigen-problem in the domain of interest. Faster convergence can be achieved by constructing a singular Stokes eigen-problem in which the Stokes operator is modified to include a variable coefficient which vanishes at the domain boundaries. The convergence properties of such functions are advantageous in a least squares sense and are shown to produce significantly better approximations to the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in post-critical states where unsteadiness characterizes the flowfield. Solutions for the eigen-systems are efficiently accomplished using a combined Laoczos-Uzawa algorithm and spectral element discretizations. Results are presented for different simulations using these global spectral trial basis on non-separable and multiply-connected domains. It is confirmed that faster convergence is obtained using the singular eigen-expansions in approximating stationary Navier-Stokes solutions in general domains. It is also shown that 100-mode expansions of time-dependent solutions based on the singular Stokes eigenfunctions are sufficient to accurately predict the dynamics of flows in such domains, including Hopf bifurcations, intermittency, and details of flow structures.
Cloning and comparison of bighorn sheep CD18 with that of domestic sheep, goats, cattle, humans and mice.

Abstract Previously, we have shown that CD18, the β-subunit of β2-integrins, serves as a receptor for leukotoxin (Lkt) secreted by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica on bovine leukocytes. Anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit Lkt-induced cytolysis of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) leukocytes suggesting that CD18 may serve as a receptor for Lkt on the leukocytes of this species as well. Confirmation of bighorn sheep CD18 as a receptor for Lkt, and elucidation of the enhanced Lkt-susceptibility of bighorn sheep polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), necessitates the cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding bighorn sheep CD18. Hence, in this study we cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding CD18 of bighorn sheep, and compared with that of other animal species. The cDNA of bighorn sheep CD18 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2310 bp. CD18 sequences obtained individually from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PMNs were identical to each other. Comparison of the deduced 770-amino acid sequence of CD18 of bighorn sheep with that of domestic sheep, goats, cattle, humans and mice revealed 99, 98, 95, 82 and 80% identity, respectively. Availability of cloned bighorn sheep CD18 cDNA should allow the molecular characterization of M. haemolytica Lkt–receptor interactions in bighorn sheep and other ruminants that are susceptible to this disease.
Bacterial intracranial aneurysm: importance of sequential angiography.

Some bacterial intracranial aneurysms become smaller until they are undetectable by angiography. For this reason, sequential angiography has been recommended. This case demonstrates that an aneurysm can appear to decrease in size initially and then subsequently enlarge. Therefore, it is important to follow the aneurysm until it is no longer visible on angiography and does not pose a threat to the patient's life.
High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers based on self-similar pulse evolution

Theoretical and experimental advances in high-energy femtosecond fiber lasers will be reviewed. A new kind of pulse-formation based on self-similar propagation allows substantial increases in pulse energy compared to prior fiber lasers.
Using Self-Assessments in Early Intervention Training.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997) addresses the importance of training personnel in special education through the development and implementation of a Comprehensive System of Personnel Development (CSPD) for each state. States often use self-assessment by the learner as a means of assessing training priorities and evaluating the effectiveness of inservice initiatives for the CSPD. This article describes the implementation of a self-assessment process based on competencies and validated behavioral indicators used statewide in Georgia for personnel in early intervention. Investigators analyzed 3500 self-assessment forms completed during a 2-year period that covered five Part C content areas. Changes in self-assessments are described and the utility of self-assessments is discussed.
Performance of a hydrokinetic energy system using an axial-flux permanent magnet generator

The high density of water has been an important factor for harnessing kinetic energy from marine current flows, tides, flowing rivers, or other artificial water channels. Thus, new technologies are being developed to generate electricity. A good example is HKES (hydrokinetic energy systems), which are devices that extract and convert energy from the motion of flowing water into electricity. Although these non-polluting machines and/or devices are still in their pilot phases, they have been growing as a sustainable source of new electric power generation. In this paper, the performance of a horizontal hydrokinetic energy system with variable-pitch blades using an axial-flux generator is evaluated. Particularly, very simple sheet blades have been used to keep system cost down. The evaluation is based on maximum power extraction and energy conversion efficiency normalized by system cost through a simpler electro-mechanical design for the hydrokinetic system. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed prototype possesses higher efficiency with reduced energy losses and manufacturing costs. It represents a cost-competitive alternative energy for power supply for civilian applications in remote areas or an option for expeditionary applications.
Phosphatidylinositol containing lipidic particles reduces immunogenicity and catabolism of factor VIII in hemophilia a mice.

Factor VIII (FVIII) is an important cofactor in blood coagulation cascade. It is a multidomain protein that consists of six domains, NH2-A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2-COOH. The deficiency or dysfunction of FVIII causes hemophilia A, a life-threatening bleeding disorder. Replacement therapy using recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) is the first line of therapy, but a major clinical complication is the development of inhibitory antibodies that abrogate the pharmacological activity of the administered protein. FVIII binds to anionic phospholipids (PL), such as phosphatidylinositol (PI), via lipid binding region within the C2 domain of FVIII. This lipid binding site not only consists of immunodominant epitopes but is also involved in von Willebrand factor binding that protects FVIII from degradation in vivo. Thus, we hypothesize that FVIII–PL complex will influence immunogenicity and catabolism of FVIII. The biophysical studies showed that PI binding did not alter conformation of the protein but improved intrinsic stability as measured by thermal denaturation studies. ELISA studies confirmed the involvement of the C2 domain in binding to PI containing lipid particles. PI binding prolonged the in vivo circulation time and reduced catabolism of FVIII in hemophilia A mice. FVIII–PI complex reduced inhibitor development in hemophilia A mice following intravenous and subcutaneous administration. The data suggest that PI binding reduces catabolism and immunogenicity of FVIII and has potential to be a useful therapeutic approach for hemophilia A.
Can I ask you a question

‘‘Can I ask you a question?’’ How many times do we hear that from our patients? They put so much trust into our profession that it is hard sometimes to grasp how much they depend on us. ‘‘When is it ok to walk on my sprained ankle?’’, ‘‘When do I have to have my sutures removed?’’, ‘‘Is it ok if I use Tylenol instead of Advil?’’—So many questions—they become routine to us, no matter how new they are to the patient. So, as an intern in the ICU, when the wife of my newly declared brain dead patient said, ‘‘Can I ask you a question?’’, at first I did not flinch. I figured I could answer the question, ‘‘Why the NeoSynephrine drips, now that he is dead?’’ To keep his pressure up, to keep his organs perfused, as we waited for Center for Organ Recovery and Education (CORE) to arrange the harvest. His family had decided to donate his organs—actually they were honoring his desire to be an organ donor, and they wanted to donate every organ they could to patients in need, to research. This man had been so vibrant in life they knew he would want to contribute to medicine after death. The pressors enabled him to fulfill his final wishes. I figured I could answer the question, ‘‘Where does he go from here?’’ I could answer the immediate question anyway. He would go to the operating room, several hours from now, where the surgeons would take the organs that had been kept nourished by the blood that had been kept flowing from the pressors. Every organ that would be salvageable would be used—nothing would go to waste. From the OR suite he would be picked up by the attendants from the funeral home. From there, to his viewing, and from his viewing, to his grave. From there, well, I could not answer that question for them, but I could get them started. I figured I could answer the question, ‘‘What does it mean to be brain dead?’’ I could explain to them the technicalities