cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of single crystalline R Mg 2 Cu 9 ( R = Y , Ce − Nd , Gd − Dy , Yb ) and the search for in-plane magnetic anisotropy in hexagonal systems

Single crystals of $R{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ ($R=\mathrm{Y}$, Ce-Nd, Gd-Dy, Yb) were grown using a high-temperature solution growth technique and were characterized by measurements of room-temperature x-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent specific heat, and temperature- and field-dependent resistivity and anisotropic magnetization. ${\mathrm{YMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ is a non-local-moment-bearing metal with an electronic specific heat coefficient, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\sim}15$ mJ/mol ${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$. Yb is divalent and basically non-moment-bearing in ${\mathrm{YbMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$. Ce is trivalent in ${\mathrm{CeMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ with two magnetic transitions being observed at 2.1 K and 1.5 K. ${\mathrm{PrMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ does not exhibit any magnetic phase transition down to 0.5 K. The other members being studied ($R=\mathrm{Nd}$, Gd-Dy) all exhibit antiferromagnetic transitions at low temperatures ranging from 3.2 K for ${\mathrm{NdMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ to 11.9 K for ${\mathrm{TbMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$. Whereas ${\mathrm{GdMg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ is isotropic in its paramagnetic state due to zero angular momentum ($L=0)$, all the other local-moment-bearing members manifest an anisotropic, planar magnetization in their paramagnetic states. To further study this planar anisotropy, detailed angular-dependent magnetization was carried out on magnetically diluted (${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Tb}}_{0.01}$)${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$ and (${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Dy}}_{0.01}$)${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{9}$. Despite the strong, planar magnetization anisotropy, the in-plane magnetic anisotropy is weak and field-dependent. A set of crystal electric field parameters are proposed to explain the observed magnetic anisotropy.
Metallic Nanostructures for Electrocatalysis

The metal electrocatalyst research requires molecular-level knowledge of the electrocatalytic reactions and the controlling factors that determine the reaction kinetics. Several important factors, including electronic structure and geometric structure of metal surfaces, third-body effect, and bifunctional effect, are discussed for their roles in electrocatalysis. Chemical stability and surface restructuring/segregation of metals, which need practical consideration in the electrocatalyst research, are introduced. The electrochemistry of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds is reviewed. Discussions are focused on recent advances in preparing metallic nanostructures for these reactions, and on understanding the relationship between the physical parameters of metallic nanostructures and the electrocatalytic property.
Explorations into the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Single DOF System Coupled to a Wideband Auto-Parametric Vibration Absorber

The nonlinear dynamics of a resonantly excited linear oscillator coupled to an array of weakly coupled nonlinear pendulums is investigated under 1:1:…:1:2 internal resonance between the pendulums and the linear oscillator. In the first part of the work, periodic solutions and bifurcations under harmonic excitation of the linear oscillator are investigated. In the second part of the work, numerical simulations of the unperturbed Hamiltonian are presented to demonstrate the complex dynamics of the system even in the absence of external excitation.
The Influence of Past Experiences on the Motivation of Adult Volunteers

From its’ conception, 4-H has encouraged volunteerism and utilized volunteers to accomplish its’ mission - to assist youth in acquiring knowledge, developing life skills, and forming attitudes that will enable them to become self-directing, productive and contributing members of society. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the factors that motivated [state] 4-H camp volunteers to volunteer with 4-H youth. The Volunteer Functions Inventory was used as the theoretical base for this study. The Values construct (M=3.68) of the VFI was the highest motivating factor of adult 4-H volunteers. The Understanding construct (M=3.39) ranked the second highest motivational factor in volunteerism followed by Social construct (M=3.28), the Enhancement construct (M = 3.05) and the Protective construct (M=2.78). The Career construct (M=2.61) was the least motivating factor to adult volunteers. It was also found that participants that were not involved with 4-H as a youth volunteered more days per year than did participants who were former 4-H members.
Two distinct pools of B12 analogs reveal community interdependencies in the ocean

Organisms within all domains of life require the cofactor cobalamin (vitamin B12), which is produced only by a subset of bacteria and archaea. On the basis of genomic analyses, cobalamin biosynthesis in marine systems has been inferred in three main groups: select heterotrophic Proteobacteria, chemoautotrophic Thaumarchaeota, and photoautotrophic Cyanobacteria. Culture work demonstrates that many Cyanobacteria do not synthesize cobalamin but rather produce pseudocobalamin, challenging the connection between the occurrence of cobalamin biosynthesis genes and production of the compound in marine ecosystems. Here we show that cobalamin and pseudocobalamin coexist in the surface ocean, have distinct microbial sources, and support different enzymatic demands. Even in the presence of cobalamin, Cyanobacteria synthesize pseudocobalamin-likely reflecting their retention of an oxygen-independent pathway to produce pseudocobalamin, which is used as a cofactor in their specialized methionine synthase (MetH). This contrasts a model diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, which transported pseudocobalamin into the cell but was unable to use pseudocobalamin in its homolog of MetH. Our genomic and culture analyses showed that marine Thaumarchaeota and select heterotrophic bacteria produce cobalamin. This indicates that cobalamin in the surface ocean is a result of de novo synthesis by heterotrophic bacteria or via modification of closely related compounds like cyanobacterially produced pseudocobalamin. Deeper in the water column, our study implicates Thaumarchaeota as major producers of cobalamin based on genomic potential, cobalamin cell quotas, and abundance. Together, these findings establish the distinctive roles played by abundant prokaryotes in cobalamin-based microbial interdependencies that sustain community structure and function in the ocean.
Intense 18F-FDG uptake in an organizing right atrial thrombus mimicking malignancy

We present a case of an intensely hypermetabolic intracavitary cardiac mass, standardized uptake values max 44.4, that was pathologically proved to be organizing and organized thrombus, negative for tumor. Our patient had previous right atrial mass resection 2 years prior that was pathologically described as either thrombus or infarcted atrial myxoma. She had since been on lifelong controlled anticoagulation; and on routine follow-up imaging, she had recurrent slow growth of a new right atrial mass. During a later hospital admission for chest pain, the mass was evaluated on both transthoracic and transesophageal echo cardiogram, which could not differentiate thrombus vs neoplasm. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was equivocal for mass enhancement. The patient underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) evaluation, which revealed intensely hypermetabolic activity within the mass concerning for malignancy, potentially an aggressive tumor. Subsequently, the mass was surgically excised for pathological diagnosis.
Understanding stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A focus on under-represented families.

Objectives: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report high levels of stress that can interfere with important child and family treatments. Limited past research considers how t...
Thermal characterization of cleaner and eco-efficient masonry units using sustainable aggregates

Abstract With 4.5 billion structural concrete masonry units (CMU) been produced in the U.S during 2014 alone, CMU is one of the most important and widely used construction materials. CMUs are still produced using non-renewable natural aggregate which creates pressure on the natural resources and resulted in unsustainable production. Moreover, one of the drawbacks of using CMUs is its relatively high thermal conductivity and low thermal insulation capacity compared to other options such as lumber and dry walls. Motivated by the reasons above, an experimental investigation was undertaken where the mineral aggregate in CMUs was partially replaced by recycled rubber aggregate, manufactured from scrap tires, producing what is called rubberized concrete masonry units (RCMUs). This paper presents the results of the thermal conductivity and the energy efficiency of RCMUs having replacement ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 37%. The thermal properties, including thermal conductivity, time to reach the thermal steady state and energy efficiency, were investigated at the material and unit levels using four different approaches. RCMUs with 10%, 20%, 37% rubber replacement ratio exhibited a reduction in thermal conductivity of 9.5%, 20%, 45% at the material level and 22%, 26%, and 34% at the unit level, respectively. Furthermore, RCMUs with 37% rubber replacement ratio cut the energy consumption by 41% compared to conventional CMUs. Results indicated that the RCMUs are more efficient by cutting both embodied and operation energy as well as it has lower thermal conductivity.
Combining Historical Research and Narrative Inquiry to Create Chronicles and Narratives

Stories about the Idaho State Library, chronicles and narratives, are reported in my doctoral dissertation (Wilson, 2005). The chronicles, reconstructed from documents and records, provided a presentation of the people, events, and activities to frame the stories. The narratives, excerpted from interviews, provided the rich description and unique perspectives of the two living State Librarians who directed the agency between 1962 and 2005. The focus of this paper is a presentation and discussion of the use of historical research and narrative inquiry to create chronicles and narratives. Key Words: Narrative Inquiry, Interview Protocol, Historical Research, Chronicles, Stories, Case Study, and Qualitative Methods
Treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an objective response to chemotherapy is of limited value and the impact of chemotherapy on survival is modest. Therefore, endpoints evaluating the patients’ subjective benefit such as symptom control (SC), quality of life (QOL) or clinical benefit (CB) have recently been implemented into clinical trials, mostly as secondary endpoints. Chemotherapy offers SC, not only in patients with an objective response, but also in a proportion of patients with disease stabilization. For this purpose, three to four cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy are recommended. Interpretation of QOL objectives is limited by several methodologic problems. Studies comparing best supportive care alone with either older platinum-based combinations or single-agent chemotherapy with a new cytotoxic drug usually indicate improved survival and improvement of some component(s) of QOL in the active treatment arm. However, results from studies comparing different chemotherapies are less definitive. Trials comparing single-agent therapy with a new drug with new combinations mostly report no difference in QOL. In addition, most trials comparing new platinum-based combinations with older ones, and trials comparing new platinum-based regimens fail to show any differences in QOL. As a whole, it is far from clear whether combination therapy is superior to modern single-agent therapy, when the patient’s benefit is the primary endpoint. Non-platinum-based doublets, compared with platinum-based doublets, may lead to slightly inferior survival, are not always less toxic, and have not been proven to provide better QOL outcomes. The CB response, originally reported in pancreatic cancer, measures more than SC, but not full QOL. Encouraging experience with this tool was reported in advanced NSCLC. Randomized studies designed to look at some form of patient benefit as a primary endpoint should be a priority in advanced NSCLC.
Size of septectomy does not affect distribution of nasal irrigation after endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure.

BACKGROUND The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is commonly performed in recalcitrant frontal sinusitis, in part to achieve better penetration of medicated irrigations postoperatively. Although EMLP requires a septectomy for exposure, it is unknown whether septectomy size affects delivery of irrigations. In this study we evaluated the role of septectomy in delivery of irrigations to the EMLP cavity. METHODS EMLP was performed on fresh human cadavers with sequentially increasing septectomy (minimal septectomy: drilling across septum to combine frontal sinuses; standard septectomy: 1.5 cm anterior to middle turbinate and inferiorly to the midlevel of the turbinate; large septectomy: extension to nasal floor). Irrigation with fluorescein-labeled water was performed with a 240-mL irrigation bottle in the vertex position and recorded with a 30° endoscope fixed in a 4-mm trephine in the paramedian EMLP cavity. Two blinded reviewers scored irrigation distribution recordings (0 = nasal cavity only; 1 = frontal recess; 2 = medial distribution; 3 = lateral distribution; 4 = entire sinus lavage). Distribution scores were assessed with Wilcoxon rank sum analysis. RESULTS Six specimens (mean age, 75.2 ± 2.4; 50% female) were assessed. Interobserver scores were highly concordant (Kendall's W = 0.86, p < 0.01), internally validating the experiment. Distribution scores did not vary significantly when comparing minimal septectomy with standard or large septectomy (Z = 0.55, p = 0.58, Z = 0.37, p = 0.71). CONCLUSION Increasing septectomy does not improve irrigation delivery in patients undergoing EMLP. These results suggest that a limited septectomy for access to the bilateral frontal sinuses is all that is required for effective drug delivery postoperatively. This strategy may reduce morbidity associated with larger septectomies.
Second-look operations in ovarian cancer

One hundred eighty-six patients with epithelial tumors of the ovary who were managed at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute underwent an exploratory operation (“second-look” operation) to assess the status of the cancer. Fifty-eight patients were found to have no evidence of disease (NED) and chemotherapy was discontinued. Eight patients with advanced ovarian cancer had NED 5 or more years after negative second-look operations and were probably cured by chemotherapy. Seven patients who were found to have cancer at second-look operations had a change in management as a result of the operation and had NED 5 or more years later. The most important factors correlating with negative second-look operations were the stage of cancer, the amount of residual tumor left at the initial operation, and the number of courses of chemotherapy administered prior to the second-look operation. Survival after positive second-look operations varied directly with the volume of tumor found at the time of operation and the amount of tumor left behind at the second-look operation. Patients who were treated with radiation therapy had a poorer survival rate than those who were treated with chemotherapy after positive second-took operations.
Geotechnologies in Environmental Management

This edited collection, as a continuation of the “Geotechnologies and Environment” series, delves into the applications of geotechnologies for researchers, academics and end users interested in the real-world applications of geospatial technologies. While the previous two volumes focused predominately on the urban environment, particularly planning and socioeconomic applications (Gatrell and Jensen 2009) and urban hazards and disaster analysis (Showalter and Lu 2010), this volume’s focus is more aligned with aspects of the physical environment, and the role environmental management and natural resource practices (and to an extent its associated policies) impact physical landscapes and human-environment interfaces.
On the Existence of an Iterative Method for the Solution of Elliptic Difference Equations with an Improved Work Estimate

The iterative solution of the difference equations associated with ∇.(a(x)∇u) = f is a problem which has received a great deal of attention in the literature. In this paper it will be shown that for rather general domains in the plane there exists an iterative method with work estimates which are better than those now available. This is an abstract existence theorem, not a complete specification of an improved iterative procedure.
Gender Effects in Neuropsychological Assessment

Several publications have reviewed the effects of gender on individual neuropsychological measures, however, to date there has been no review of the impact of gender on a wide range of neuropsychological tests. This type of information is critical in that to the extent that there are gender differences on cognitive measures, test normative data must be stratified by sex, otherwise the available norms will render inaccurate results; that is, they will overpathologize the scores of the underperforming gender and at the same time fail to detect true declines in the gender with the higher baseline.
In Vitro Functional Study of miR-126 in Leukemia

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are postulated to be important regulators in various cancers, including leukemia. In a large-scale miRNA expression profiling analysis of 435 human miRNAs in 52 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples, we found that miR-126 and its minor counterpart in biogenesis, namely, miR-126*, were specifically aberrantly overexpressed in core binding factor (CBF) AMLs including both t(8;21)/AML1-ETO and inv(16)/CBFB-MYH11 samples. Our in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that forced expression of miR-126 inhibited apoptosis and increased the viability of AML cells, whereas the opposite effect was observed when endogenous expression of miR-126 was knocked down. In addition, through in vitro colony-forming/replating assays, we demonstrated that forced expression of miR-126 enhanced proliferation and colony-forming/replating capacity of mouse normal bone marrow progenitor cells alone and particularly, in cooperation with AML1-ETO, a fusion gene resulting from t(8;21). Thus, our data shows that miR-126 may play a critical role in the development of CBF leukemias. In the present chapter, the materials and protocols for the study of miR-126 in leukemia are described.
Size Measurement of Airborne Particulates by Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy

The use of time-of-flight spectroscopy for measuring the aerodynamic size distribution of airborne particulates expanded into an aerosol beam in a vacuum environment is described. Results obtained using two different prototype models are presented. Both of these instruments use scattered light signals generated by the passage of a sample particle through one or two focused laser beams to detect and measure the particles. Although convenient to use for larger particles, the intensity of the scattered light signals depends very strongly on particle size so that particles smaller than about 0.1 µm diameter cannot be detected and measured. The detection of sample particles by electron beam scattering is considered in detail. By use of this detection method, it seems possible to extend the range of measurable particle size to an order of magnitude smaller.
Investment and the Stock Market: Evidence from BVAR Models

There is no consensus view yet on the effect stock prices have on investment decision. Previous works report different magnitudes of the static effect. However, how persistent the effect is and when the peak response occurs, which are important to understand the investment behavior, are barely answered. To capture the dynamic effect of stock prices on investment, Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) models are used to calculate the impulse response of investment to misevaluation shocks. This approach avoids the overfitting problem associated with classical VAR, especially with short time series. Our empirical results under different priors show that: 1) investment responds 47%-55% at maximum annually to one standard deviation of misvaluation; 2) the effect lasts persistently for at least 5 years at a relatively high level; 3) the peak response occurs in the first year and starts to diminish afterwards. A key implication of these results is that timing plays an important role in linear regression of investment on misvaluation. Regressions of year end or annual average investment on current or lagged misvaluation will make the coefficient of misvaluation on investment very different, which may be one possible explanation for the mixed story of the effect in the previous literature.
The Anthropology of Art, After the End of Art: Contesting the Art-Culture System

We focus on the anthropology of art from the mid-1980s to the present, a period of disturbance and significant transformation in the field of anthropology. The field can be understood to be respond...
Disparate Responses of Carbonate System in Two Adjacent Subtropical Estuaries to the Influence of Hurricane Harvey – A Case Study

Two adjacent estuaries in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (Mission-Aransas or MAE, and Guadalupe-San Antonio or GE), despite their close proximity and similar extents of freshening caused by Hurricane Harvey, exhibited different behaviors in their post-hurricane carbonate chemistry and CO2 fluxes. The oligotrophic MAE had little change in post-Harvey CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and CO2 flux even though the center of Harvey passed right through, while GE showed a large post-Harvey increases in both pCO2 and CO2 flux, which were accompanied by a brief period of low dissolved oxygen conditions likely due to the large input of organic matter mobilized by the hurricane. The difference in the carbonate chemistry and CO2 fluxes were attributed to the difference in the watersheds from which these estuaries receive freshwater. The GE watershed is larger and covers urbanized areas, and, as a result, GE is considered relatively eutrophic. On the other hand, the MAE watershed is smaller, much less populous, and MAE is oligotrophic when river discharge is low. Despite that Harvey passed through MAE, the induced changes in carbonate chemistry and CO2 flux there were less conspicuous than those in GE. This study suggested that disturbances by strong storms to estuarine carbon cycle may not be uniform even on such a small spatial scale. Therefore, disparate responses to these disturbances need to be studied on a case-by-case basis.
Squeezing Noise in Microscopy with Quantum Light

Quantum-enhanced microscopes capable of probing classically inaccessible material properties have drawn increasing interest, but most proof-of-principle quantum microscopes have not surpassed classical limits. We discuss the promise and obstacles associated with the use of quantum light with reduced noise (‘squeezed' light) for quantum-enhanced atomic force microscopy, bioimaging, magneto-optical measurements, and Raman spectroscopy.
Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag

Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.
Detection of viral gene expression in risk-stratified biopsies reveals no active HPV in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to promote the development of mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (mSCC), including pathologically high-grade lesions, but its role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) remains unclear, particularly in lesions that are considered high risk. Objective We aimed to determine whether enhanced HPV transcriptional activity can be detected in high-risk cuSCC samples compared with low-grade SCC samples or normal skin. Methods We performed RNA sequencing of cuSCC across 23 risk-stratified skin lesions. A subset of samples was tested for the presence of HPV DNA. High-quality, non-human reads from each sample group were used for viral analysis using Microbiome Coverage Profiler. Results None of the samples analysed had detectable expression of HPV RNA, while 64% of samples tested positive for HPV DNA. All samples were found to have expression of human endogenous retrovirus, and multiple samples showed expression of other viruses. Conclusions Viral and prophage gene expression can be monitored in cuSCC or normal skin biopsies, yet no sample in our study showed evidence of active HPV gene expression despite evidence of HPV genome presence. This suggests HPV transcription does not play a role in differentiating high-risk cuSCCs from low-risk cuSCCs or normal skin.
Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: a review of clinical risk factors, pharmacologic prevention, and cardiotoxicity of other HER2-directed therapies

Despite great success as a targeted breast cancer therapy, trastuzumab use may be complicated by heart failure and loss of left ventricular contractile function. This review summarizes the risk factors, imaging, and prevention of cardiotoxicity associated with trastuzumab and other HER2-targeted therapies. Cardiovascular disease risk factors, advanced age, and previous anthracycline treatment predispose to trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC), with anthracycline exposure being the most significant risk factor. Cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and pro-BNP and imaging assessments such as echocardiogram before and during trastuzumab therapy may help in early identification of TIC. Initiation of beta-adrenergic antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may prevent TIC. Cardiotoxicity rates of other HER2-targeted treatments, such as pertuzumab, T-DM1, lapatinib, neratinib, tucatinib, trastuzumab deruxtecan, and margetuximab, appear to be significantly lower as reported in the pivotal trials which led to their approval. Risk assessment for TIC should include cardiac imaging assessment and should incorporate prior anthracycline use, the strongest risk factor for TIC. Screening and prediction of cardiotoxicity, referral to a cardio-oncology specialist, and initiation of effective prophylactic therapy may all improve prognosis in patients receiving HER2-directed therapy. Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors appear to mitigate risk of TIC. Anthracycline-free regimens have been proven to be efficacious in early HER2-positive breast cancer and should now be considered the standard of care for early HER2-positive breast cancer. Newer HER2-directed therapies appear to have significantly lower cardiotoxicity compared to trastuzumab, but trials are needed in patients who have experienced TIC and patients with pre-existing cardiac dysfunction.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Targeted Screening Implementation and Outcomes: A Retrospective Chart Review:

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and outcomes of a targeted cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing protocol.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary care institution.MethodsTargeted screen...
Teaching strategies that honor and motivate inner-city African–American students: A school/university collaboration

Abstract This paper describes a school/university collaboration resulting in the development of alternative teaching strategies which honored and motivated inner-city African–American middle-school students. The four strategies based on motivation and school failure theories were: non-competitive effort-based grading multiple performance opportunities increased responsibility and choice and validation of cultural differences. An experienced classroom teacher researcher used these strategies in an urban classroom for two years with two different groups of students. Findings indicated that with the use of these alternative teaching strategies the majority of students who appeared initially to lack motivation began to exhibit higher levels of engagement interest and confidence.
A common architecture prototype for army tactical and FCS UAVS

The U.S. Army is fielding several unmanned air vehicles (UAV) within the Tactical, Light Attack, and Future Combat Systems (FCS) Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) classes over the next several years. Each UAV program will develop its own mission processing architecture unless the Army implements a common approach that is responsive to a broad set of mission and functional requirements. To address this need, the U.S. Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (AATD) conducted the Manned/Unmanned Common Architecture Program (MCAP) Phase III project for the development of a common UAV embedded mission processor architecture that will enhance interoperability through design commonality, reduced ownership costs and improved processing capabilities. The MCAP Phase HI architecture is based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronics and software and open systems interface standards. The architecture provides commonality between platforms, interoperability between systems, variability isolation and supportability for the integration of modular elements into a scaleable, networked architecture. A key part of the MCAP III program is a lab demonstration that will consist of autonomous applications that permit single operator control of the Shadow 200 tactical UAV acting in support of the Army's concept of operations employing manned and unmanned platforms. This paper will present highlights of the development of the MCAP III common embedded computing architecture system.
Image Matching Using High Dynamic Range Images and Radial Feature Descriptors

Obtaining a top match for a given query image from a set of images forms an important part of the scene identification process. The query image typically is not identical to the images in the data set, with possible variations of changes in scale, viewing angle and lighting conditions. Therefore, features which are used to describe each image should be invariant to these changes. Standard image capturing devices lose much of the color and lighting information due to encoding during image capture. This paper uses high dynamic range images to utilize all the details obtained at the time of capture for image matching. Once the high dynamic range images are obtained through the fusion of low dynamic range images, feature detection is performed on the query images as well as on the images in the database. A junction detector algorithm is used for detecting the features in the image. The features are described using the wedge descriptor which is modified to adapt to high dynamic range images. Once the features are described, a voting algorithm is used to identify a set of top matches for the query image.
A Paradigm for Precision

Regulating the expression of target genes in response to different conditions is one of the most daunting tasks facing the cell. In a Perspective, [Struhl][1] describes the intricate steps involved in assembly of a precise transcriptional on-off switch called the enhanceosome, which regulates the transcription of the interferon-b gene in response to viral infection ([ Munshi et al .][2]). [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5532/1054 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/293/5532/1133
Basic Principles of Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy deals with the production, measurement, and interpretation of spectra arising from the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. There are many different spectroscopic methods available for solving a wide range of analytical problems. The methods differ with respect to the species to be analyzed (e.g., molecular or atomic spectroscopy), the type of radiation-matter interaction to be monitored (e.g., absorption, emission, or diffraction), and the region of the electromagnetic spectrum used in the analysis. Spectroscopic methods are very informative and widely used for both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Spectroscopic methods based on the absorption or emission of radiation in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), infrared (IR), and radio (nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) frequency ranges are most commonly encountered in traditional food analysis laboratories. Each of these methods is distinct in that it monitors different types of molecular or atomic transitions. This chapter explains the basis of these transitions to provide the necessary background for separate chapters on each type of spectroscopy.
Climate Change: A Disinformation Campaign

The January/February 2011 issue of Environment was upbeat with its presentation of collaborative place-based environmental work being done on the Mexican-American border of the Sonoran desert (Lair...
Bad Faith Exception to Prosecutorial Immunity for Brady Violations

Part I of this Article discusses Imbler’s adoption of absolute immunity for prosecutors. Part II discusses Imbler’s extension of absolute immunity to a prosecutor’s violation of his disclosure duty under Brady v. Maryland. Part III describes the ease with which prosecutors are able to evade the Brady rule and the difficulty of enforcing compliance with Brady. Part IV discusses the absence of any meaningful sanctions to deter and punish prosecutors for willful violations of Brady. Part V proposes a bad faith exception to absolute immunity of prosecutors for Brady violations.
Ocean commission gets down to business

During its first meeting dealing largely with substantive rather than organizational issues, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy in November unanimously urged the U.S. Senate to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The treaty, which entered into force in November 1994 without U.S. support, currently has been ratified by 119 other countries.
Estimates of α-pinene emissions from a loblolly pine forest using an atmospheric diffusion model

Abstract A field study was conducted to estimate the emissions of α-pinene from a pine forest without disturbing the vegetation. A tracer, sulfur hexafluoride, was released from the forest and collected downwind in order to define the dispersive characteristics of the atmosphere. Simultaneously, α-pinene concentrations were measured both upwind and downwind of the forest. A Gaussian plume dispersion algorithm incorporating hydrocarbon lose due to O3 and OH reaction was used to estimate α-pinene emissions. Emission rates ranged from 11 to 19 μg m−2 min−1 at 37 °C.
Quantifying the Uruguay Round

The effects of the Uruguay Round are quantified using a numerical general equilibrium model which incorporates increasing returns to scale, 24 regions, 22 commodities, and steady state growth effects. We conclude that the aggregate welfare gains from the Round are in the order of 96 billion per year in the short run, but could be as high as 171 billion per year in the long run after capital stocks have optimally adjusted. Despite these global gains, we identify some developing countries that lose from the Round in the short run. In the long run, almost all gain, and the Round will allow developing countries to gain further through their own unilateral liberalisation. Available as the journal article at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ecoj
Cloning Genes Encoding MHC Class II-Restricted Antigens: Mutated CDC27 as a Tumor Antigen

In an effort to identify tumor-specific antigens recognized by CD4(+) T cells, an approach was developed that allows the screening of an invariant chain-complementary DNA fusion library in a genetically engineered cell line expressing the essential components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II processing and presentation pathway. This led to the identification of a mutated form of human CDC27, which gave rise to an HLA-DR4-restricted melanoma antigen. A mutated form of triosephosphate isomerase, isolated by a biochemical method, was also identified as an HLA-DR1-restricted antigen. Thus, this approach may be generally applicable to the identification of antigens recognized by CD4(+) T cells, which could aid the development of strategies for the treatment of patients with cancer, autoimmune diseases, or infectious diseases.
New drawbead concepts for sheet metal forming

New drawbead concepts have been developed which can increase the drawbead restraining force and also allow rapid adjustment of the force. Urethane inserts are added in the groove opposite the bead of a conventional drawbead to increase the deformation and friction. A flat-bottom drawbead design in conjunction with a urethane insert can increase the deformation component about one-third compared to a conventional drawbead. Studies have shown that these new methods can increase the drawbead restraining force of a conventional drawbead up to 20 pct. The flat-bottom drawbead can produce up to 40 pct more force than a comparable conventional drawbead.
Radionuclide-guided balloon occlusion pulmonary cineangiography: An adjunct to pulmonary arteriography

Fifty-eight patients, 38 of whom had pulmonary emboli, were evaluated for pulmonary occlusive disease with flow-directed balloon occlusion pulmonary cineangiography. Areas studied were selected by radionuclide perfusion lung scans and indeterminant areas of pulmonary occlusion were imaged on standard catheter pulmonary magnification cut films. In 4 of 38 patients, the balloon occlusion technique demonstrated peripheral pulmonary emboli not seen on standard pulmonary arteriography. Selective flow-directed balloon occlusion pulmonary cineangiography is an effective adjunct for evaluating some patients with pulmonary emboli.
Predicting interconnect requirements in ultra-large-scale integrated control logic circuitry

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of interconnect requirements in ULSI control logic circuitry and quantifies the agreement observed (1) between estimates and measurements of average wire-length in individual designs in real chips, and (2) between wire-length distributions provided by the models and wire-length distributions obtained from measurements. In this study, actual interconnect data is measured in ASIC-like control logic designs in the six functional units of the 1.3GHz POWER4. This paper compares interconnect measurements with estimates for control logic in individual designs, in functional units, and in the entire POWER4 core. The results presented in this paper show that the estimates are typically lower than the actual wire-length measurements. The results also show that the estimates of the total wire-length for all of the control logic in the POWER4 agree to within 31% of the total measured wire-length.
Income Strategies Among Rural Households in Mexico: The Role of Off-farm Activities

Abstract Off-farm activities generate on average more than half of farm households' incomes in the Mexican ejido sector. Participation in these activities helps reduce poverty and contributes to greater equality in the distribution of income. This paper analyzes the determinants of access to off-farm sources of income across households. We find that education plays a major role in accessing better remunerated nonagricultural employment. Adults of indigenous ethnic origin suffer from an educational lag and have less access to off-farm nonagricultural employment than non-indigenous adults at identical educational levels. The regional availability of off-farm employment strongly affects participation. In addition, women are differentially limited by distance to urban centers in their ability to gain off-farm employment.
A model for a new approach to federal government information access and dissemination

Abstract The potential of electronic technologies to reduce costs, increase access, and decentralize federal information dissemination activities has sparked several legislative reorganization proposals. Congress has also called on the U.S. Government Printing Office to plan for a more electronic Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). Realizing that developments to data were only opening salvos, the American Library Association President convened a Forum on Government Information Policy in July 1995. Representatives of several library associations developed a “Model for New Universe of Federal Information Access and Dissemination.” This article discusses the New Universe model, which includes two preliminary proposals: to reconceptualize federal information access and dissemination responsibilities and to reinvent the FDLP as a federal/ state/local library partnership program.
A Class of Push-Down Acceptors for Adjunct Languages

The local adjunct languages (LAL's) and grammars have been defined so as to characterize many aspects of natural and programming languages.
Reactive Ion Etching of Sputter Deposited Tantalum with CF4, CF3Cl, and CHF3

This paper discusses the reactive ion etching of tantalum with Freon gases. Factors affecting the etch rate, such as the power, pressure, and temperature, were studied over a wide range of conditions. The chlorine component enhanced the etch rate and the hydrogen component hindered the etch rate. Activation energies of the CF4 and the CHF3 processes were measured. For CF4 and CF3Cl plasmas, both the plasma phase chemistry and the surface reaction affected the etch rate. For the CHF3 plasma, the ion bombardment energy controlled the etch rate. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) results on the etched surfaces revealed: 1) the tantalum etch mechanism included two steps, i.e., the oxidation step and the product formation step; 2) residues on the CHF3 etched surface were different from those on the CF4 etched surface; 3) the difference in residues could explain the etch rate difference. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis results showed that the CHF3 etched surface contained hydrogen and fluorohydrocarbons, which may be responsible for its low oxygen absorption.
Crohn's disease with spontaneous cutaneous-urachovesicoenteric fistula

This case report presents a rare complication of Crohn's disease in a 28-year-old presenting with an umbilicourachovesicoenteric fistula. Preoperative studies demonstrated communication of the umbilicus, bladder, ileum, and cecum. Preoperative nutritional support anden bloc resection with restoration of continuity primarily was performed with a successful outcome.
Student-Accessible Science Texts: Elements of Design

Within this article, we introduce our conception of text accessibility. First, we synthesize recent research on informational text quality and present key attributes proven to contribute to comprehension of science texts beyond the readability formula. These features include (a) the concreteness of text, (b) the voice of the author, (c) coherent writing structure, (d) selective use of visual information, and (e) integrated verbal and visual information. Throughout our presentation of text accessibility, we illustrate with excerpts from current middle school science texts.
De novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A: Regulation of oligomeric state and mechanism of action in response to pH changes

Abstract Background The oligomeric state of the human DNMT3A is functionally important and cancer cells are known to undergo changes in pH (intracellular). Methods Light scattering, gel filtration, and fluorescence anisotropy. Also, methylation and processivity assays. Conclusions Physiologically relevant changes in pH result in changes in DNMT3A oligomer composition which have dramatic consequences on DNMT3A function. General significance The pH changes which occur within cancer cells alter the oligomeric state and function of DNMT3A which could contribute to changes in genomic DNA methylation observed in vivo.
Linguistic models and fuzzy truths

In this paper the linguistic value of truth is used to derive a procedure for validation of models. The procedure uses fuzzy set theory to obtain the compatibility between observed data and model generated data. Of significance is the fact that the data can be in linguistic form.
Using turndowns to estimate the latent demand in a car rental unconstrained demand forecast

Prior researchers treated turndowns as useless in unconstrained demand forecasts. This study, however, identifies a situation where recorded turndowns successfully predicted the latent demand in a car rental unconstrained demand forecast. It was important to the success of this study to overcome the inherent flaws in the turndown data that inflated latent demand. In this study, a decomposition method that identifies the actual latent demand from the total recorded turndowns is developed. A major US car rental company successfully uses the decomposition method to estimate the latent demand in its yield management system.
Single crystalline elastic constants of f.c.c. thallium-indium alloys

Abstract The elastic constants of f.c.c. thallium-indium alloys have been measured as a function of temperature in the range 200–350°K at fixed compositions within the range 28–40 at. % thallium. Extrapolation of the measured values to pure thallium indicates that the f.c.c. allotrope is not inherently unstable at ambient temperature and pressure; comparison of these extrapolated f.c.c. constants with previously measured values for the h.c.p. allotrope, which is the form actually observed at ambient temperature and pressure, shows relationships which are consistent with structural considerations. On the other side of the system, extrapolation of the measured values towards the indium-rich region indicates the onset of instability of the f.c.c. structure near the observed f.c.c. → f.c.t. transformation. The constant respon-sible for the instability is 1 2 (C 11 - C 12 ) which is in accord with the mechanism previously postulated on the basis of grain orientation studies.
Agreement matters: : critical notice of Derek Parfit, on what matters

Derek Parfit's Reasons and Persons (1984) mounted a striking defense of Act Consequentialism against a Rawls-inspired Kantian orthodoxy in moral philosophy. On What Matters (2011) is notable for its serious engagement with Kant's ethics and for its arguments in support of the �Triple Theory,� which allies Rule Consequentialism with Kantian and Scanlonian Contractualism against Act Consequentialism as a theory of moral right. This critical notice argues that what underlies this change is a view of the deontic concept of moral rightness that ties it closely to blameworthiness and accountability in a way that effectively concedes a Rawlsian publicity condition. It is also argued that Parfit's arguments that Kantian and Scanlonian Contractualism entail Rule Consequentialism can be resisted. Two elements of Parfit's metaethics are critically discussed. First, concerning Parfit's arguments against subjectivist theories of practical reason, it is argued that a form of subjectivist theory exists that is not only consistent with Parfit's claim that all reasons for acting are object rather than state given, but that can support that claim. Second, it is argued that Parfit's arguments against identifying normative with natural statements and facts do not transfer seamlessly to identifying normative with natural properties.