cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: a case report.

Familial chylomicronemia is an extremely rare disease. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, lipoprotein defect or lipoprotein receptor defect are the main genetic causes of familial chylomicronemia. We report a rare case of hypertriglyceridemia which was diagnosed at 24 days after birth. A newborn south east Asian baby born for G3P2A1 mother was presented with hematuria at 24 days at the hospital. The patient's family history is significant for pink blood in an elder sibling who died within a few months of birth without a proper diagnosis. Physical examination was not significant for any findings. Urinalysis revealed numerous RBC in the urine. Blood draw to perform renal function test revealed a characteristic pink blood. Baby’s blood was normal and red in color at the time of birth. During the present visit, although most of the blood test were not able to be carried out by the regular laboratory instruments, the patient’s lipid profile was alarmingly high with triglyceride levels over 4000 mg/dL. Due to a very high triglyceride level in a neonate and a significant familial history, a genetic cause of hypertriglyceridemia is suspected. Upon diagnosis, baby was discontinued of breast feeding completely and was given a special diet devoid of triglyceride and containing medium chain fatty acid diet and was also started with fenofibrate. After a month and a half, follow up tests were conducted which showed the triglyceride level was reduced to 1300 and a reversal of the blood color from pink to red. Since the imported diet was extremely expensive for the family, the patient was put on skimmed milk with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. With 6 weeks of treatment, baby’s condition has improved and is thriving well. Our case reports an extremely rare and fatal condition and illustrated the significance of timely diagnosis and intervention for saving the life of the baby.
Quantitative Investment Strategy Analysis based on Machine Learning for Share Dealing

In the fluctuated stock market, the maximum profits cannot be guaranteed by long-term holding stocks. Applying a quantitative investment strategy for frequent trading could increase investors’ profits effectively. In this paper, the machine learning model is used to predict stock prices, and an experiment is conducted to compare the effectiveness of different share dealing strategies, including a variety of quantitative investment frequent trading strategies and long-term holding strategies. The experiment results show that the frequent trading strategy can increase stock profits effectively, while the real profits will be affected by the prices changing trend of stocks, the prediction accuracy of the simulation and the strategies of investors.
Chromium: Organometallic Chemistry

Starting with Hein's investigation of the reaction of CrCl3 with PhMgBr in the beginning of the twentieth century, chromium organometallic chemistry is now marked by an ever increasing diversity of compound types and formal oxidation states. Organochromium compounds such as Cr(CO)6, (η6-C6C6)2Cr, and (OC)5CrC(OMe)Ph represent milestones in the development of organometallic chemistry as a whole. The lower oxidation states (−IV to +II) are dominated by chromium carbonyl complexes with 18 electron configurations, while midvalent compounds (+II, +III) often feature cyclopentadienyl rings and exhibit unpaired electrons. Organometallic compounds of chromium in its highest oxidation states (+IV to +VI) are still relatively rare, but this has been a growing area of late. Much of the interest in chromium alkyls is due to the metal's important role in the catalysis of olefin polymerization. Homogeneous model systems for the Union Carbide catalyst (Cp2Cr/SiO2) and the Phillips catalyst (CrO3/SiO2) still motivate much synthetic work. Applications of organochromium chemistry in organic synthesis are also becoming more numerous and useful. Keywords: carbonyls; arene complexes; chromocene; carbenes; carbynes; alkyls; olefin polymerization; catalysis; paramagnetism
H/sup /spl infin// optimality of the LMS algorithm

We show that the celebrated least-mean squares (LMS) adaptive algorithm is H/sup /spl infin// optimal. The LMS algorithm has been long regarded as an approximate solution to either a stochastic or a deterministic least-squares problem, and it essentially amounts to updating the weight vector estimates along the direction of the instantaneous gradient of a quadratic cost function. We show that the LMS can be regarded as the exact solution to a minimization problem in its own right. Namely, we establish that it is a minimax filter: it minimizes the maximum energy gain from the disturbances to the predicted errors, whereas the closely related so-called normalized LMS algorithm minimizes the maximum energy gain from the disturbances to the filtered errors. Moreover, since these algorithms are central H/sup /spl infin// filters, they minimize a certain exponential cost function and are thus also risk-sensitive optimal. We discuss the various implications of these results and show how they provide theoretical justification for the widely observed excellent robustness properties of the LMS filter.
Purification, characterization, cloning, and expression of the chicken liver ecto-ATP-diphosphohydrolase

We previously demonstrated that the major ecto-nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase in the chicken liver membranes is an ecto-ATP-diphosphohydrolase (ecto- ATPDase) [Caldwell, C., Davis, M.D. & Knowles, A.F. (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 362, 46-58]. Enzymatic properties of the liver membrane ecto-ATPDase are similar to those of the chicken oviduct ecto-ATPDase that we have previously purified and cloned. Using antibody developed against the latter, we have purified the chicken liver ecto-ATPDase to homogeneity. The purified enzyme is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 85 kDa and a specific activity of approximately 1000 U.mg protein-1. Although slightly larger than the 80-kDa oviduct enzyme, the two ecto-ATPDases are nearly identical with respect to their enzymatic properties and mass of the deglycosylated proteins. The primary sequence of the liver ecto-ATPDase deduced from its cDNA obtained by RT-PCR cloning also shows only minor differences from that of the oviduct ecto-ATPDase. Immunochemical staining demonstrates the distribution of the ecto-ATPDase in the bile canaliculi of the chicken liver. HeLa cells transfected with the chicken liver ecto-ATPDase cDNA express an ecto-nucleotidase activity with characteristics similar to the enzyme in its native membranes, most significant of these is stimulation of the ATPDase activity by detergents, which inhibits other members of the ecto- nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) family. The stimulation of the expressed liver ecto-ATPDase by detergents indicates that this property is intrinsic to the enzyme protein, and cannot be attributed to the lipid environment of the native membranes. The molecular identification and expression of a liver ecto-ATPDase, reported here for the first time, will facilitate future investigations into the differences between structure and function of the different E-NTPDases, existence of liver ecto-ATPDase isoforms in different species, its alteration in pathogenic conditions, and its physiological function.
Adaptive context modeling for deception detection in emails

Deception detection in e-mails is addressed in this paper. An adaptive probabilistic context modeling method that spans information theory and suffix trees is proposed. Some properties of the proposed adaptive context model are also discussed. Experimental results on truthful (ham) and deceptive (scam) e-mail data sets are presented to evaluate the proposed detector. The results show that adaptive context modeling can result in high (93.33%) deception detection rate with low false alarm probability (2%).
Coordinating Gesture, Word, and Diagram: Explanations for Experts and Novices

Successful explanations are a symphony of gesture, language, and props. Here, we show how they are orchestrated in an experiment in which students explained complex systems to imagined novices and experts. Visual-spatial communication—diagram and gesture—was key; it represents thought more directly than language. The real or virtual diagrams created from gestures served as the stage for explanations, enriched by language and enlivened by deictic gestures to convey structure and iconic gestures to enact the behavior and functionality of the systems. Explanations to novices packed in more information than explanations to experts, emphasizing the information about action that is difficult for novices, and expressing information in multiple ways, using both virtual models created by gestures and visible ones.
Blister beetles (Coleoptera : Meloidae) in Kansas alfalfa : influence of plant phenology and proximity to field edge

A 2-yr survey of blister beetles ( Epicauta spp.) infesting Kansas alfalfa ( Medicago Sativa L.) assessed the influence of in-field location, harvest cycle, and host phenological stage on insect density. Relative estimates of blister beetle densities were made, using a sweep net, along three in-field and one noncropped strata, oriented parallel to the field edge. Densities of beetles were very low during the first and fifth harvest cycles, suggesting that hay from these cuttings has lower cantharidin contamination risk and, therefore, requires minimal blister beetle management. Significant differences among strata were observed when blister beetles were summed over all phenological stages within second, third, and fourth harvest cycles. Blister beetle densities varied significantly among three in-field and one noncropped strata during vegetative, bud, and bloom phenological stages of the second harvest cycle and in bud and bloom stages of the third harvest cycle. Significantly lower numbers of blister beetles per field were observed in vegetative-stage than in bud- or bloom-stage alfalfa during harvest cycles two, three, and four. Blister beetles tended to occur with slightly to significantly greater frequency in alfalfa sampled 3 m into the field.
Composition dependence of ternary Pt–Ni–Cr catalyst activity for the methanol electro-oxidation reaction

Abstract Various compositions of binary and ternary Pt–Ni–Cr alloys were investigated as catalysts for the methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR). Among the binary (Pt 28 Ni 72 /C and Pt 28 Cr 72 /C) and ternary Pt–Ni–Cr catalysts (Pt 28 Ni 36 Cr 36 /C, Pt 22 Ni 39 Cr 39 /C, Pt 33 Ni 31 Cr 36 /C, and Pt 33 Ni 36 Cr 31 /C) examined, the Pt 28 Ni 36 Cr 36 /C composition exhibited the highest MOR mass activity (4.42 A g cat. −1 ) in the as-prepared version, which was higher than the 3.58 A g cat. −1 value of the PtRu/C catalyst after 60 min of chronoamperometry testing. The order of mass activity for the MOR was Pt 28 Ni 36 Cr 36 /C > Pt 33 Ni 36 Cr 31 /C > Pt 22 Ni 39 Cr 39 /C > Pt 33 Ni 31 Cr 36 /C > Pt 28 Cr 72 /C > Pt 28 Ni 72 /C, which was slightly changed to Pt 28 Ni 36 Cr 36 /C > Pt 22 Ni 39 Cr 39 /C > Pt 33 Ni 36 Cr 31 /C > Pt 33 Ni 31 Cr 36 /C > Pt 28 Cr 72 /C > Pt 28 Ni 72 /C after a conditioning process. The effect of anodic conditioning was also studied. A combination of X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry experiments revealed that the conditioning process caused dissolution and an oxidation state change of metallic Ni and Cr 2 O 3 in the binary catalysts. The higher MOR mass activities of the ternary catalysts compared to the binary ones is attributed to co-alloying of Ni and Cr, leading to exposure of more Pt on the catalyst surface without reducing specific activities of the catalysts. The results of this study also correlate well with a prior ranking of catalytic activity of the same compositions in the form of thin film catalysts that we processed and evaluated by a high-throughput combinatorial approach [J.S. Cooper, M.K. Jeon, P.J. McGinn, Electrochem. Commun. 10 (2008) 1545–1547].
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors/type I interferon-producing cells sense viral infection by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) precursors, also called type I IFN (α/β/ω)-producing cells (IPCs), are the key effectors in the innate immune system because of their extraordinary capacity to produce type I IFNs against microbial infection, particularly viral infection. In contrast to myeloid DCs, human pDC/IPCs selectively express Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9 within the endosomal compartment. These receptors are specifically designed to recognize the nucleoside-based products derived from RNA viruses and DNA viruses. Therefore, this expression profile potentially enables pDC/IPCs to sense a variety of viruses. Stimulation of TLR7 or TLR9 leads to type I IFN responses through the MyD88 pathway. Thus, pDC/IPCs may play a central role in host defense against viral infection through the TLR7 and TLR9 system.
Orientation of Adsorbed Antibodies on Charged Surfaces by Computer Simulation Based on a United-Residue Model

In this work, we develop a new residue-based protein−surface interaction potential model. With this model, the adsorption and orientation of two antibodies, IgG1 and IgG2a, are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. Effects of surface charge density and sign, and solution ionic strength are examined in our simulations. Simulation results show that van der Waals and electrostatic interactions codetermine the orientation of adsorbed antibodies. At low surface charge density and high solution ionic strength, where van der Waals interactions dominate, both IgG1 and IgG2a exhibit multiple orientations. At high surface charge density and low solution ionic strength, where electrostatic interactions dominate, there are preferred orientations for these two antibodies on both positively and negatively charged surfaces, which are verified by experimental results. Due to a smaller dipole moment, IgG2a has more possible orientations than IgG1. IgG1 adsorbed on a positively charged surface shows an “end-on” orientation, ...
Selective inhibition of glutathione S-transferases by 17β-estradiol disulfate☆

Abstract Enzyme activity of homogeneous glutathione S-transferases A, B, and C with reduced glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was inhibited in varying degrees by 50 μ m concentrations of monosulfate and disulfate derivatives of several steroids. In contrast, transferase AA activity was not affected. Of the inhibitors tested, estradiol-3,17-disulfate and estradiol-3-sulfate were the most inhibitory, followed by pregnenolone sulfate, estradiol-17-sulfate, dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol sulfate. Transferases A and C were most affected, especially by estradiol disulfate and estradiol-3-sulfate, which exhibited essentially complete inhibition at a concentration of μ m . Double reciprocal plots of estradiol disulfate inhibition with respect to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene concentration showed uncompetitive inhibition with transferases A and C and noncompetitive inhibition with transferase B (ligandin). With reduced glutathione as the variable substrate, transferases A and C exhibited noncompetitive inhibition kinetics, while transferase B showed partial noncompetitive kinetics.
Co-designing, Co-developing, and Co-implementing an Institutional Data Repository Service

ABSTRACT In January of 2011, the National Science Foundation began requiring that all proposals for research funding include data management plans. At the time of the mandate, Purdue University's library and campus information technology units had been collaborating on enhancements to the HUBzero virtual research environment. These efforts were parlayed into the development of an institutional, digital data repository and service with the support of the campus research office. In the process, local library science practices have been extended to facilitate research data curation and cyberinfrastructure on campus. Librarians are consulting on data management plans, conducting data reference and instruction, advising on data organization and description, and stewarding collections of data within an evolving library service framework.
Conjugated linoleic acid concentration in processed cheese

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of a variety of processed cheese products ranged between 3.2 to 8.9 mg/g fat. Processing cheddar cheese at temperatures of 80°C and 90°C under atmospheric conditions increased (p < 0.05) CLA content, while processing under nitrogen (70°C, 85°C) had no effect. Increasing concentrations of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and its low molecular weight (LMW) fraction from 0 to 6% increased CLA formation. Six percent WPC and LMW fraction produced a 35% and 19% increase in CLA concentration, respectively, compared to processed cheese. The high molecular weight fraction of WPC did not increase CLA concentration. These results suggest that processing conditions and whey components play a role in CLA formation in processed cheese.
Visual Complications After Stent-Assisted Endovascular Embolization of Paraophthalmic and Suprasellar Variant Superior Hypophyseal Aneurysms: The Duke Cerebrovascular Center Experience in 57 Patients

Objective To review retrospectively experience with stent-assisted coiling of ophthalmic segment internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms to report outcome data and identify the rate of associated visual complications. Methods The Duke endovascular database was retrospectively reviewed to identify all ICA aneurysms treated with stent-assisted embolization between November 2002 and October 2009. Only aneurysms arising from the ophthalmic segment of the ICA and originating from the paraophthalmic or suprasellar variant superior hypophyseal artery were included. These aneurysms have the potential to create visual disturbances related to mass effect on the optic nerve or chiasm or to disrupt the ophthalmic artery. Chart review was performed to obtain clinical information, immediate incidence, and follow-up of aneurysm remnants and any visual complications. Results There were 63 aneurysms (48 paraophthalmic and 15 suprasellar variant superior hypophyseal) identified in 57 patients. The ophthalmic artery was preserved in all but two (3.5%) cases, neither of which resulted in visual deficits. One (1.8%) patient experienced transient acute visual disturbances, and two (3.5%) patients had delayed, persistent deficits. Conclusions Stent-assisted embolization of ophthalmic segment ICA aneurysms is technically achievable and in our series did not appear to result in increased visual complications compared with coil embolization alone or surgical treatment.
Organizational comparison processes: Investigating the adoption and impact of benchmarking-related activities

Abstract This paper looks at benchmarking, in its many forms, as an example of organizational comparison processes that are now being used in organizations. While benchmarking is gaining in popularity and prescriptions abound, this comparative process has not been theoretically investigated. As a result, there is little understanding of its adoption and subsequent impact. In this paper, a model is proposed and testable propositions offered in order to provide a theoretical foundation to stimulate further research on this issue.
Raw Materials, Rearmament, and Economic Development

I. Current Materials Shortages in Relation to the Rearmament Program, 327. — II. The Long-run Materials Outlook; the Effect of Technological Change, 328. — III. Foreign Sources of Supply; Industrialization v. Increased Output of Primary Products, 332. — IV. Obstacles to the Expansion of Foreign Sources of Supply, 337. — V. Materials Security, 339. — VI. Conclusion, 340.
Childhood abuse is associated with alcohol use outcomes after gender responsive treatment for women in prison

Leon Sawh1,2,4, J. Siegfriedt1,2,3, D. Smelson1,2,3, G. Gonzalez3, A. Kline5,6 1 Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA, Bedford, MA, United States 2 National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Bedford, MA, United States 3 University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States 4 University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States 5 VA New Jersey Health Care System, Lyons, NJ, United States 6 University of Medicine and Dentistry-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
Calculations on the nuclear surface

Abstract The surface properties of semi-infinite nuclei are calculated on the basis of the Thomas-Fermi theory by Bethe. Density-dependent effective nuclear forces are used, an integral equation is derived and solved on a computer. The surface of the mass density is found to be 2.5 fm, but folding in the finite size of the proton gives a thickness of 3.3 fm for the charge density, compared to a measured value of 2.4 fm. Various suggestions are made for reducing the calculated thickness. The electron scattering from the theoretical charge density is calculated and compared with experiment. The theoretical surface energy coefficient is 22–23 MeV for a semi-infinite nucleus, but is reduced to about 15 MeV by a simple-minded correction for curvature, compared to the semi-empirical value 18 MeV.
The addition theorem of spherical Laguerre Gaussian functions and its application in molecular integrals

Abstract The addition theorem of the spherical Laguerre Gaussian type function (LGTF) L n l+1/2 (αr 2 )r l e −αr 2 Y lm ( r ) is derived by using a three-dimensional translational operator e R · ∇ , which upon expansion, generates spherical gradient operators. Due to the unique property of the spherical LGTF, the addition theorem obtained is in a closed and useful expression of spherical LGTFs. The addition theorem is then applied to evaluate analytically the molecular integrals of the spherical LGTFs. The basic two-center integrals evaluated are that of the overlap and that of the two-electron irregular solid spherical harmonics, Y lm ( r 12 )/r 12 l+1 , which becomes the Coulomb repulsion when l=0, the spin–other-orbit interaction when l=1, and spin–spin interaction when l=2. The integral results, which agree with those previously derived by Fourier-transform and by gradient operator, are in terms of nuclear spherical LGTFs.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease

In this age of fast food, overeating, and busy schedules, many people frequently complain of heartburn or indigestion. Meal times are rarely consistent, so meal planning appears out of the question. What are the consequences of this lifestyle? Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder that affects every population. This article defines this condition and provides a history, literature review, and pathophysiology for the disorder. Recommendations for diagnosis and guidelines for treatment and nursing care interventions also are given.
Direct Instruction Revisited: A Key Model for Instructional Technology

Rooted in behavioral theory, particularly the radical or selectivist behaviorism of B.F. Skinner (1953, 1954, 1966, 1968, 1974), the direct instruction (DI) approach to teaching is now well into its third decade of influencing curriculum, instruction, and research. It is also in its third decade of controversy. Our purpose is to present the DI model with the notion that the designer can and should use the model effectively based on appropriate assessment of the learners, content, context, and task at hand. To accomplish our goal, we begin with a general discussion of the basic DI framework, followed by a summary of the major DI models that have been used in live instructional contexts. We then shift to a review of how DI has been used in technology-based learning environments. Finally, we conclude with a look into the future of DI.
Solanum berthaultii trichomes contain unique polyphenoloxidases and a peroxidase

Abstract Glandular trichomes of Solanum berthaultii leaves contain two unique forms of polyphenoloxidase (α- and β-PPO) and a separate peroxidase. The β-PPO appeared to be a polymer of α-PPO and exhibited a similar K m but an apparently higher specific activity with chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. These data are directly related to studies on the insect defensive properties of the trichomes.
Dissociation of Carbanions from Acyl Iridium Compounds: An Experimental and Computational Investigation

Instead of reductive elimination of aldehyde, or decarbonylation to give a trifluoroalkyl hydride, heating Cp*(PMe3)Ir(H)[C(O)CF3] (1) leads to the quantitative formation of Cp*(PMe3)Ir(CO) (2) and CF3H. Kinetic experiments, isotope labeling studies, solvent effect studies, and solvent-inclusive DFT calculations support a mechanism that involves initial dissociation of trifluoromethyl anion to give the transient ion-pair intermediate [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(H)(CO)]+[CF3]-. Further evidence for the ability of CF3- to act as a leaving group came from the investigation of the analogous methyl and chloride derivatives Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)[C(O)CF3] and Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Cl)[C(O)CF3]. Both of these compounds undergo a similar loss of trifluoromethyl anion, generating an iridium carbonyl cation and CF3D in CD3OD. Three additional acyl hydrides, Cp*(PMe3)Ir(H)[C(O)RF] (where RF = CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, or CF2(CF2)6CF3) undergo RF−H elimination to give 2 at a faster rate than CF3H elimination from 1. Stereochemical studies using a chiral a...
An analysis of localized necking in punch stretching

Abstract Localized necking of sheet metals subject to out-of-plane punch stretching is studied. Attention is directed to the effects of various constitutive laws on the development of localized neck. An axisymmetric finite element analysis, within the framework of membrane theory, is carried out of the hemispherical punch stretching of a circular sheet. Three rate-independent material models are considered, namely, classical plasticity theory with a smooth yield surface of von Mises kind, a deformation theory model of a solid with a vertex on its yield surface, and a plastically dilating constitutive relation with pressure dependent yielding, that models, approximately, ductile rupture on the microscale. Based on the numerical results, forming limit curves are determined for each of these constitutive models. In contrast to inplane stretching, the geometric effects of out-of-plane stretching makes the formation of a localized thickness through possible, even if the classical plasticity theory is employed. For the deformation theory model, the out-of-plane forming limit curves are shown to coincide with those for in-plane stretching. However, in out-of-plane stretching the loading path in the sheet can differ substantially from proportional loading so that the appropriateness of a deformation theory model of a more sophisticated flow theory that develops a vertex on its yield surface is questionable. The shape of the forming limit curves obtained with the model of a progressively cavitating dilational solid depends on the localized necking criterion employed. If the development of a thickness trough is the only criterion, then the forming limit curves obtained are virtually identical to the corresponding flow theory curves. If a ductile rupture criterion, which limits the maximum volume fraction of voids, is adopted the forming limit curves can differ significantly, in shape, from those for the other two models.
Relaxation of porcine tracheal smooth muscle by parathyroid hormone-related protein.

Abstract Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrp) has been shown to relax uterine and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, but the mechanisms underlying its effects have not been characterized. Furthermore, its effect on pulmonary smooth muscle is unknown. Therefore we designed the present study to determine the PTHrp dose-response; the interaction of PTHrp and PTH; and the role of cyclic nucleotides and potassium channels in the PTHrp response in porcine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM). Our results indicate that, (1-34)PTHrp causes dose-dependent relaxation of TSM; that (1-34)PTHrp and (1-34)PTH demonstrate cross-tachyphylaxis to one another; that phosphodiesterase inhibition augments and phosphodiesterase stimulation attenuates the relaxation response while guanylate cyclase blockade has little effect, and that charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin, inhibitors of large conductance, Ca 2+ -activated, K + channels, diminish the relaxation response. These findings suggest that (1-34)PTHrp-induced relaxation of TSM is mediated through a common PTHrp/PTH pathway or receptor, stimulation of cAMP and activation of large conductance, Ca 2+ -activated, K + channels.
Anomalies, vector mesons and the ω-->3π contact term

Abstract The requirement that the low-energy theorems of broken chiral symmetry be compatible with calculations based on effective vertices and vector-meson dominance leads to a number of relations among strong interaction quantities. Here we use this approach to determine the ω →3 π contact term, and comment on a number of recent investigations along these lines.
Hybrid Optical Computing, Architecture And Design

Optical signal processor has been shown to perform a myriad of complicated processing operations. It is primarily due to the profound diffraction phenomena of light. The essential merit of an optical signal processor must be the capability of processing the signal in complex amplitude, parallelism, large capacity, high speed and wavelength density. There are several processing operations that have been shown to be more efficient with optical techniques than their electronic counterparts. These operations are: Fourier transformation, convolution and correlation operations, spectrum analysis, and others. However, optical signal processors are still very inflexible as compared with the electronic computers.
Relation between the Poincaré Group and the Exceptional Lie Group G2

THERE is a correspondence, L3↔P5, between the line geometry on a three-manifold M3 and that of planes on M5 (ref. 1). Because, essentially, of the role of quaternions and octonions as co-ordinate rings here, this correspondence is unique2. It can be expressed in terms of the groups which act on manifolds, with dimensions, respectively, of the following elements: and is (the middle group being in each case the conformal group): Thus, instead of B2 (de Sitter group and, by restriction to four-space, Poincare group), on the right-hand side one finds the exceptional G2. Behind this is the fact that B3, D4, though classical groups, admit exceptionally an outer automorphism of order three, generally known as ‘triality’3.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PARTIAL SPOILAGE DATA

Partial spoilage data are generated by simulating experimental methods frequently used in food science. The basic experimental model that is simulated is as follows: N tubes (or cans) of substrate (food) are inoculated with a microbiological contaminant (e.g. PA 3679 or C. Botulinum). These replicates are then subjected to a lethal environment (heat or radiation, etc.) and after incubation the replicates are tested to determine the number of replicates with viable contaminants remaining. Exact counts are not possible. The algorithm developed has many useful options, so that the simulation can be used within many areas of food science. The basis of the methodology is probabilistic, and food scientists may use it to generate replicate data necessary for statistical analyses. The technique can be useful for understanding the underlying microbiological phenomena. Repetitive runs may be used for comparative analysis with actual experimental results, in an inexpensive way. The methodology also provides a possible explanation of ‘skips’ and ‘tailing’ as has been observed in partial spoilage data.
TLR4 Signaling Is Coupled to SRC Family Kinase Activation, Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Zonula Adherens Proteins, and Opening of the Paracellular Pathway in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelia

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key mediator in the vascular leak syndromes associated with Gram-negative bacterial infections. LPS opens the paracellular pathway in pulmonary vascular endothelia through protein tyrosine phosphorylation. We now have identified the protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and their substrates required for LPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and opening of the paracellular pathway in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls). LPS disrupted barrier integrity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and prior broad spectrum PTK inhibition was protective. LPS increased tyrosine phosphorylation of zonula adherens proteins, VE-cadherin, γ-catenin, and p120ctn. Two SRC family PTK (SFK)-selective inhibitors, PP2 and SU6656, blocked LPS-induced increments in tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and p120ctn and paracellular permeability. In HMVEC-Ls, c-SRC, YES, FYN, and LYN were expressed at both mRNA and protein levels. Selective small interfering RNA-induced knockdown of c-SRC, FYN, or YES diminished LPS-induced SRC Tyr416 phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and p120ctn, and barrier disruption, whereas knockdown of LYN did not. For VE-cadherin phosphorylation, knockdown of either c-SRC or FYN provided total protection, whereas YES knockdown was only partially protective. For p120ctn phosphorylation, knockdown of FYN, c-SRC, or YES each provided comparable but partial protection. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was expressed both on the surface and intracellular compartment of HMVEC-Ls. Prior knockdown of TLR4 blocked both LPS-induced SFK activation and barrier disruption. These data indicate that LPS recognition by TLR4 activates the SFKs, c-SRC, FYN, and YES, which, in turn, contribute to tyrosine phosphorylation of zonula adherens proteins to open the endothelial paracellular pathway.
An Unusual Cheek Mass: Intramasseteric Chondrolipoma

Chondrolipomas are rare tumors of the head and neck and to our knowledge we present the first case of one arising within the masseter muscle. Although benign, the heterogeneity of these lesions on imaging makes distinguishing them from sarcomas of similar histology with imaging alone difficult. Well-differentiated liposarcomas frequently demonstrate a largely lipomatous mass with nonlipomatous components on MR and CT.9 Similar finding on MRI are commonly seen in chondrosarcomas as well.10 Therefore, excisional biopsy is recommended. CASE PRESENTATION
Oriented Catalytic Platinum Nanoparticles on High Surface Area Strontium Titanate Nanocuboids

Platinum nanoparticles grown on SrTiO3 nanocuboids via atomic layer deposition exhibit cube-on-cube epitaxy with the predicted Winterbottom shape, consistent with literature values of the interfacial and surface free energies. This thermodyamically stable configuration should survive the rigors of catalytic conditions to create stable, high surface area, face-selective catalysts.
Organoclay degradation in melt processed polyethylene nanocomposites

Abstract Melt processed nanocomposites were formed from low-density polyethylene, LDPE, and organoclays over a wide range of processing temperatures. These composites show limited exfoliation, and hence, their X-ray analysis reveals a distinct peak corresponding to the interplatelet distances in the unexfoliated clay galleries. The degradation of the quaternary ammonium surfactant of the organoclay in these systems was characterized by examining the change in the position of these peaks as a function of the melt processing temperature. Upon degradation, the mass of the surfactant within the clay galleries decreases, which causes the platelets to collapse and shifts the WAXS peak to lower d -spacings. The results of the WAXS analysis suggest that a significant portion of the surfactant is lost from the organoclays when the melt processing temperature is increased from 180 to 200 °C or higher. The extent of surfactant degradation in these composites was determined to be independent of the organoclay content. Organoclay degradation appears to limit the extent of exfoliation or dispersion in LDPE as revealed by stress–strain analyses of nanocomposites processed at different temperatures. The amount of surfactant lost during thermogravimetric analysis of various organoclays indicates that surfactants with multiple alkyl tails have greater thermal stability than those with a single alkyl tail. A comparison of the mass of surfactant lost during melt processing of nanocomposites and during thermogravimetric analysis of organoclays (in the absence of polymer) indicated that at a given time, a larger surfactant loss from the clay galleries occurs during extrusion than during the TGA experiment. This is attributed to the greater ease with which the degradation products (predominantly α-olefins) are solubilized in polyethylene for the composites as opposed to evaporated from the organoclay during TGA.
Direct inhibition of murine B lymphocyte differentiation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.

Abstract The tumor-promoting agent, 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits the humoral immune response of lymphocytes to antigen. To test the hypothesis that this inhibition is due to a direct effect upon B lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes or murine B lymphocytes, enriched by ‘panning’ splenic lymphocytes onto anti-IgM-coated petri dishes, were immunized in vitro with the thymus/accessory cell-independent antigen trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) with or without TPA. The number of anti-TNP antibody-forming cells present in both lymphocyte populations after 5 days was almost completely inhibited to the same degree by TPA. These data unambiguously show that TPA can directly inhibit the differentiation of B lymphocytes to antibody-forming cells.
Regulation of vascular morphogenesis by the matricellular protein SPARC.

Activated endothelial cells are capable of assembling threedimensional multicellular structures known as capillary beds in response to several different classes of regulatory macromolecules. Understanding the regulatory pathways that control growth and regression of new blood vessels is a major goal of researchers in vascular biology today. Regulation of vascular morphogenesis in endothelial cells can be exerted at the levels of cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interaction, and control of the cell cycle. The process of angiogenesis, that is, the sprouting of new vessels from a parent microvessel, encompasses various sequential but often coincident stages (Fig. 1). Both angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, some of which are listed in Table 1, are believed to target one or more of the stages [1—6]. Thus, regulation of angiogenesis is a dynamic process determined by the balance between counteracting regulatory factors. The most prominent positive regulators of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/ VPF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF2), signal directly to endothelial cells through their specific receptors, whereas others (PDGF, TGF-/3, and IGF-1) appear to involve indirect mechanisms [1, 2, 7—9]. The mode of action of angiogenesis inhibitors includes cell cycle arrest (platelet factor-4) [10], inhibition of signal transduction by growth factors (16 kDa prolactin) [11], and/or abrogation of bFGF signaling by truncated high-affinity receptors for bFGF in the circulation and in the basement membrane of some endothelial cells [12]. Recently, a newly-defined class of regulatory macromolecules known as matricellular proteins has received considerable attention, since two of its members (SPARC and thrombospondin 1) have been shown to modulate angiogenesis [6, 13—15]. By definition, these secreted proteins interact with cell-surface receptors, growth factors, and matrix proteins but do not function as structural matrix components. One of the hallmarks of glycoproteins belonging to this group is their ability to disrupt cell-matrix interactions [16, 17]. SPARC can be considered as a prototype for this class of counteradhesive proteins that appear to play dynamic roles in tissue remodeling during normal development or in response to
The Ambiguity of Personhood

In their provocative essay, Entwistle and Watt (2013) raise important issues about what it means to respect and include individuals in their care. Nowhere in clinical medicine do the issues of resp...
Short and long access to cocaine self-administration activates tyrosine phosphatase STEP and attenuates GluN expression but differentially regulates GluA expression in the prefrontal cortex.

Rationale Dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) at the end of short access (ShA) cocaine self-administration is implicated in cocaine seeking. However, what receptors and phosphatases mediate this effect and whether ERK/CREB and related phospho-proteins in the dmPFC react similarly during early withdrawal from long access (LgA) cocaine self-administration are unknown.
Antibiotic control of Campylobacter fetus by three extenders of bovine semen.

Abstract Campylobacter fetus were added to raw semen in two factorial experiments that evaluated seminal extender, initial antibiotic treatment of raw semen, and inclusion of antibiotics in the extender. Extenders were conventional egg yolk citrate, complete egg yolk Tes-Tris, and complete egg yolk Tris. Raw semen was treated with 2000 μ g streptomycin sulfate and 1000 units of polymyxin B sulfate per milliliter. Antibiotic-treated extender contained 500 units of polymyxin B sulfate, 1000 μ g streptomycin sulfate, and 500 units of potassium penicillin G per milliliter. Aliquots of extended semen were cultured immediately prior to freezing in .5-ml French straws and after thawing. Treatment of raw semen or extender alone with antibiotics was not consistently effective in controlling Campylobacter fetus . The dual treatment of raw semen and incorporation of antibiotics into the extender were effective with egg yolk citrate and egg yolk Tes-Tris. However, Campylobacter fetus survived in semen that had been treated with antibiotics and then extended with egg yolk Tris containing antibiotics. Thus, the procedure required by Certified Semen Services for antibiotic treatment of bovine semen was ineffective in controlling Campylobacter fetus in semen extended in this complete egg yolk Tris. Efficacy should be demonstrated, rather than assumed, for each procedure for extending and processing bovine semen.
Influence of Kinetic Factors on Renal Xanthine Dehydrogenase Activity in Chicken Tissue

Abstract INTRODUCTION SINCE it became known that certain antibiotics stimulate growth rate and increase feed efficiency of animals when included in minute quantities in feed, much research has been devoted to elucidating the mode of action of these substances. In recent work at this Station, Hartsook et al. (1959) investigated the effect of dietary antibiotics (oxytetracycline and penicillin) upon the activity of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) in tissues of growing chicks. This work was based on the premise that, since this enzyme is operative in the principal pathway of biosynthesis of the most important nitrogen excretory product in the chick (uric acid), any inhibition of the activity of XDH would result in nitrogen compounds in the metabolic pool being available for biosynthetic reactions for an increased period of time in the antibiotic-treated animal as compared to the control. Overall efficiency of utilization of dietary nitrogen would thereby be increased. In…
Antarctic krill stock distribution and composition in the Elephant Island and King George Island areas, January–February, 1988

Information is provided on the distribution, size and maturity composition of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) stocks in the Elephant Island and King George Island areas, and at repeatedly sampled sites to the north of each island, during January–February, 1988. The overall distributional patterns of different sizes and maturity stages demonstrated a seasonal progression of those observed in the Antarctic Peninsula region during November–December, 1987 by Siegel (1989). The krill sampled at each island site represented different size-maturity groups and demonstrated different horizontal and vertical distributional characteristics. These distributional differences may be related to the demographic differences and/or hydrographie differences between the two sites.
Lumbar epidural fentanyl analgesia after thoracic surgery

Thoracic epidural fentanyl has been used successfully for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Prior investigators have suggested that increasing the administered dosage and volume of lumbar epidural fentanyl may increase the spread of analgesia. The feasibility of injecting a high volume (20 mL) of fentanyl into the lumbar epidural space for post-thoracic surgery analgesia was studied in 17 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy or sternotomy. All patients had a lumbar epidural catheter placed before induction of general anesthesia. No narcotic was administered during surgery. Thirty minutes before the conclusion of anesthesia, 200 μg of fentanyl in 16 mL of 0.9% saline was administered via the epidural route. In the intensive care unit (ICU), additional fentanyl in the same dosage and volume was injected when the patient complained of pain. Pain was scored on a linear analog scale pre-injection and 30 minutes post-injection. Arterial blood gases were obtained-simultaneously. All patients experienced pain relief within 15 minutes of injection. No significant respiratory depression or hypercarbia was noted. Lumbar epidural fentanyl is a safe and practical alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia in the post-thoracic surgical patient.
Can You Be Out at School? A Review of The Right to Be Out: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in America's Public Schools

This review provides a brief synopsis of Stuart Biegel's work that examines the legal rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students and educators within the U.S. public school system. Biegel presents a provocative legal analysis of the environments confronting LGBT people who study, work, and play within U.S. public schools.
On Failure Mechanisms in Flip Chip Assembly—Part 2: Optimal Underfill and Interconnecting Materials

The physics explored in this investigation enables short-time scale dynamic phenomenon to be correlated with package failure modes such as solder ball cracking and interlayer debond. It is found that although epoxy-based underfills with nanofillers are shown to be effective in alleviating thermal stresses and improving solder joint fatigue performance in thermal cycling tests of long-time scale, underfill material viscoelasticity is ineffective in attenuating short-time scale propagating shock waves. In addition, the inclusion of Cu interconnecting layers in flip chip area arrays is found to perform significantly better than Al layers in suppressing short-time scale effects. Results reported herein suggest that, if improved flip chip reliability is to be achieved, the compositions of all packaging constituent materials need be formulated to have well-defined short-time scale and long-time scale properties. Chip level circuit design layout also needs be optimized to either discourage or negate short-time wave propagation. The knowledge base established is generally applicable to high performance package configurations of small footprint and high clock speed. The approach along with the numerical procedures developed for the investigation can be a practical tool for realizing better device reliability and thus high manufacturing yield.