cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cascades and spectra of a turbulent spinodal decomposition in two-dimensional symmetric binary liquid mixtures

The cascades and spectra in the elastic range of 2D Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes turbulence are investigated by DNS. Puzzling results for the mean-square concentration and kinetic-energy spectra are reconciled by observing that ``elasticity'' is limited to the interface layers between concentration blobs. Thus the packing fraction of interblob interfaces emerges as critical to the physics of turbulence in a spinodal decomposition.
Perioperative Comparison of Robotic-Assisted Versus Fluoroscopically Guided Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Objective Robotic surgical systems have been developed to improve spine surgery accuracy. Studies have found significant reductions in screw revision rates and radiation exposure with robotic assistance compared with open surgery. The aim of the present study was to compare the perioperative outcomes between robot-assisted (RA) and fluoroscopically guided (FG) minimally invasive (MI) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) performed by a single surgeon. Methods The present retrospective cohort study analyzed all patients with lumbar degenerative disease who had undergone MI-TLIF by a single surgeon from July 2017 to March 2020. One group had undergone FG MI-TLIF and one group had undergone RA MI-TLIF. Results Of the 101 patients included in the present study, 52 had undergone RA MI-TLIF and 49, FG MI-TLIF. We found no statistically significant differences in the operative time (RA, 241 ± 69.3 minutes; FG, 246.2 ± 56.3 minutes; P = 0.681). The mean radiation time for the RA group was 32.8 ± 28.8 seconds, and the mean fluoroscopy dose was 31.5 ± 30 mGy. The RA radiation exposure data were compared with similar data for the FG MI-TLIF group in a previous study (59.5 ± 60.4 mGy), with our patients' radiation exposure significantly lower (P = 0.035). The postoperative complications and rates of surgical revision were comparable. Conclusions Our results have demonstrated that RA MI-TLIF provides perioperative outcomes comparable to those with FG MI-TLIF. A reduced radiation dose to the patient was observed with RA compared with FG MI-TLIF. No differences were noted between the RA and FG cohorts in operative times, complication rates, revision rates, or length of stay.
Who Has Trouble Hiring? Evidence from a National IT Survey:

Understanding hiring difficulties and the nature of hiring frictions that employers face is important for the promotion of economic growth and the individual success of both firms and workers. This...
Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease secondary to measles in an immunocompetent infant: A case report.

Background Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease occurs commonly in immunocompromised/immunodeficient patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection, neoplasm, solid organ transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or treatment with immunosuppressants, but is rarely reported in association with measles infection. Case summary We describe a case of extensive gastrointestinal CMV disease secondary to measles infection in a 9-mo-old boy who presented with persistent fever and bloody diarrhea. His condition was improved after ganciclovir treatment. Serological analysis of CMV showed negative immunoglobulin (Ig) M and positive IgG. Blood CMV-DNA was 9.26 × 103 copies/mL. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal CMV disease was confirmed by histopathological findings of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions and Owl's eye inclusion. This case highlights the differential diagnosis and histopathological characteristics of gastrointestinal CMV infection and laboratory tests. Conclusion Extensive gastrointestinal CMV lesions can be induced by the immune suppression secondary to measles infection. Rational, fast, and effective laboratory examinations are essential for suspected patients.
Modeling of Delayed Deceleration Approaches for Community Noise Reduction

The modeling, assessment, and flight demonstration of delayed deceleration approach procedures for airport community noise reduction are presented. In conventional approach procedures, aircraft dec...
Rev. of Changed Forever: American Indian Boarding-School Literature

Arnold Krupat’s study, Changed Forever: American Indian Boarding-School Literature, examines American Indian boarding-school students’ autobiographies as it acknowledges the dearth of students’ per...
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus triggers pyroptosis and contributes to inhibition of healing due to Perforin-2 suppression.

Impaired wound healing associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Perforin-2, an innate immunity molecule against intracellular bacteria, limits cutaneous infection and dissemination of S. aureus in mice. Here we report the intracellular accumulation of S. aureus in the epidermis of DFU with no clinical signs of infection due to marked suppression of Perforin-2. S. aureus residing within the epidermis of DFU triggers AIM2-inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. These findings were corroborated in mice lacking Perforin-2. The effects of pyroptosis on DFU clinical outcomes were further elucidated in a 4-week longitudinal clinical study in DFU patients undergoing standard of care. Increased AIM2-inflammasome and ASC-pyroptosome coupled with induction of IL-1β were found in non-healing when compared to healing DFU. Our findings reveal novel mechanism that includes Perforin-2 suppression, intracellular S. aureus accumulation and associated induction of pyroptosis that contribute to healing inhibition and prolonged inflammation in patients with DFU.
Chapter 3 Chromatographic Sample Introduction for Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of plasma mass spectrometry for the detection of chromatographic eluates. The combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) detection provides an analytical technique capable of providing species selectivity and sub-ng levels of detection. The superior detection levels, as compared to atomic emission techniques, should spur the development of both HPLC and gas chromatography (GC) procedures capable of speciating trace elements in environmental and clinical samples. The use of a helium microwave plasma source is described. Several investigations have demonstrated the potential advantages of He microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometry (MIP–MS) for GC detection of halogenated compounds. Chromatographic detection using plasma mass spectrometry exhibits tremendous potential; however, further studies are necessary. Multielement detection and isotope ratio determinations on eluting peaks are of considerable interest. In addition, the use of plasma sources other than the argon ICP should prove beneficial for the determination of non-metal species separated by HPLC. Both sample introduction to the plasma and the interface between the chromatograph and plasma mass spectrometer should be areas of future research.
Dynamics of low and high pathogenic avian influenza in wild and domestic bird populations

This talk introduces an avian influenza model which includes the dynamics of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). The model structures the LPAI-recovered individuals by time-since-recovery and involves the cross-immunity that LPAI infection generates toward the HPAI. Reproduction numbers ( $\mathcal R_0^{L_w},\mathcal R_0^{H_w}$) and invasion reproduction numbers ($\hat{\mathcal R}_{H_w}, \hat{\mathcal R}_{L_w}$) ofLPAI and HPAI are computed. It is shown that the system has a unique disease-free equilibrium that is locally and globally stable if $\mathcal R_0^{L_w} 1$ a unique LPAI dominance equilibrium exists. Similarly, if $\mathcal R_0^{H_w}>1$ a unique HPAI dominance equilibrium exists. The equilibria are locally stable if $\hat{\mathcal R}_{H_w}<1$($\hat{\mathcal R}_{L_w}<1$ correspondingly). A unique coexistence equilibrium is present if both invasion numbers are larger than one. Simulations show that this coexistence equilibrium can lose stability and coexistence in the form of sustained oscillations is possible. Cross-immunity and duration of protectionincrease the probability of coexistence. Simulations also show that increasingLPAI transmission increases LPAI prevalence and decreases HPAI prevalence.This observation in part may explain why wild birds which have much higher transmission of LPAI compared to domestic birds also have much lower prevalence of HPAI.
Adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase from Trypanosoma cruzi, Specificity studies with potential chemotherapeutic agents

Adenylosuccinate (succino-AMP) synthetase and succino-AMP lyase isolated from epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi by chromatography on phosphocellulose. The synthetase was capable of catalyzing the condensation of aspartic acid with IMP and several IMP analogs. The reaction with allopurinol ribonucleotide is of potential chemotherapeutic interest. This analog was slowly converted to its corresponding succino-AMP analog with a Km' of 140 micrometers (cf. IMP at 10 micrometers) and a Vmax' of 0.3 per cent the rate with IMP. The comparable reaction with this analog does not occur with succino-AMP synthetase from a representative mammalian source [T. Spector and R. L. Miller, Biochim. biophys. Acta 455, 509 (1976)]. The protozoal succino-AMP lyase had a broad substrate which was characteristic of this enzyme from many sources. It catalyzed the rapid and efficient cleavage of all the succino-AMP analogs that were produced by succino-AMP synthetase. Thus, these two enzymes appear to be responsible for the selective amination of allopurinol ribonucleotide in T. cruzi. The metabolically produced AMP analog may be the agent or a precursor of the agent that accounts for the anti-growth activity of allopurinol in these organisms. Similar selective amination was observed previously with these enzymes from Leishmania donovani [T. Spector, T. E. Jones and G. B. Elion, J. biol. Chem. 254, 8422 (1979)]. Thiopurinol ribonucleotide was not a substrate of succino-AMP synthetase from T. cruzi, but it was an inhibitor with a K1 = 33 micrometers. Therefore, the weakness of thiopurinol's anti-growth activity with T. cruzi is not due to its inability to inhibit this enzyme.
RETURN OF THE PAST : THE POLICY OF THE SED AND THE LAWS AGAINST HOMOSEXUALITY IN EASTERN GERMANY BETWEEN 1946 AND 1968

Abstract In 1968 the Government of Eastern Germany adopted a New Penal code of the GDR. In the new code, there was no Paragraph 175-the paragraph in the German Penal code punishing homosexuality. So-called “mere” homosexuality (consensual sexual activities between two adult men) was no longer punishable. With the repeal of Paragraph 175 the efforts started in 1952 to eliminate the legal discrimination of homosexuals in the GDR came to a provisional end. Through analysis of recently available files the author describes the political and social conditions which resulted in the reform being delayed until 1968. He also pointed out that the legal solution to the question of homosexuality was an instrument of politics and subjected to the power interests of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party, SED). The delay in the reform of decriminalization of homosexuality established a trend which aimed to control sexual behavior in the interests of the socialist Utopia of the new “sociali...
Kinship, Gender & Migration from a Rural Caribbean Community

Emigration from developing countries may be influenced by kinship, which has different effects on men and women. A strong family at home may inhibit migration, and kin living abroad may encourage it. This study examines effects of kin on odds of migration for men (N=200) and women (N=220) from a rural community in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Multiple logistic regression showed that women were more likely than men to migrate. Number of matrilateral kin in the community was associated with women's migration but not with men's. Maternal grandmothers resident in the community were associated with decreased odds that women migrate.
Improving juror comprehension: reading while listening

1. Background. A growing problem confronts US courtrooms: though all citizens over 18 qualify as jurors, jury instructions are often incomprehensible, especially to those with little education or rudimentary English (Charrow & Charrow 1979; Elwork, et. al. 1982; Diamond 2003; Diamond, Murphy & Rose 2012; Tiersma 2009). This excludes many jurors from equal participation but, worse, has led to misinformed verdicts (Benson 1985; Marder 2006). Many states are now taking action and a Massachusetts Bar Association Task Force -aided by linguistics -is joining them. The study reported here investigates the difficulties posed by jury instructions and possible solutions. Replicating research by Randall (2013) and Randall & Graf (2014), we test the hypotheses that: [1] Massachusetts current jury instructions are harder to comprehend than “Plain English” versions and [2] the difficulties relate to linguistic features of the instructions. But here we add a third hypothesis: [3] reading while listening will improve comprehension over listening alone.
Causes of Chromosome Breaks

Spontaneously broken and rearranged chromosomes are occasionally found in every human being and in every cell culture. Their frequency varies from person to person and from culture to culture. One rule, however, appears to be well-established. The incidence of aneuploid cells is known to increase with age, and similarly chromosome structural changes become more frequent in older persons. In our laboratory an analysis of 2324 cells from persons under 40 years of age gave an average of 0.8 percent of cells with chromosome structural aberrations (excluding gaps), whereas in another sample of about the same size from individuals whose average age was 55.8 years, abnormalities were found in 2.4 percent of cells (Kuhn and Therman, 1979). Interestingly, the sensitivity of lymphocytes to alkylating agents increases significantly from newborns to young adults (mean age 23) to old people (mean age 70) (Bochkov and Kuleshov, 1972).
Developmental variation among Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) populations from three ecoregions of Texas, USA

Forensic entomologists rely on published developmental datasets to estimate the age of insects developing on human remains. Currently, these datasets only represent populations of targeted insects from specific locations. However, recent data indicate that populations can exhibit genetic variation in their development, including signatures of local adaptation demonstrated by regionally distinct plastic responses to their environments. In this study, three geographically distinct populations of the secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae; College Station, Longview, and San Marcos, TX, USA), a common blow fly collected from human remains in the southern USA, were reared in two distinct environments (cool 21 °C, 65 % relative humidity (RH); and warm 31 °C, 70 % RH) over 2 years (2011 and 2012) in order to determine differences in development time and mass. Significant differences in immature and pupal development time, as well as pupal mass, were shown to exist among strains derived from different populations and years. For immature development times, there was evidence of only an environmental effect on phenotype, while genotype by environment interactions was observed in pupal development times and pupal mass. College Station and San Marcos populations exhibited faster pupal development and smaller pupal sizes in the cooler environment relative to the Longview population, but showed an opposite trend in the warm environment. Rank order for College Station and Longview populations was reversed across years. Failure to take genetic variation into consideration when making such estimates can lead to unanticipated error and bias. These results indicate that genetics will have little impact on error when working with Texas genotypes of C. macellaria at ~30 °C and 70 % RH, but will have a more meaningful impact on error in postmortem interval estimates with this species in cooler, drier environments.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANCHOR TESTS ON OBSERVED SCORE EQUATING

This study explores the use of a different type of anchor, a midi anchor, that has a smaller spread of item difficulties than the tests to be equated, and then contrasts its use with the use of a mini anchor. The impact of different anchors on observed score equating were evaluated and compared with respect to systematic error (bias), random equating error (standard errors of equating), and total equating error (RMSE) using empirical data. The results show that the midi anchor generally produces more accurate equating results than the mini anchor—with a few exceptions. Our findings suggest that a midi anchor test would be preferred to a mini anchor test if equating accuracy at the top and at the bottom of the score scale is not a primary concern.
Use of a Fluorescent Maleimide to Probe Structure-Function Relationships in Stalk Segments 4 and 5 of the Yeast Plasma-Membrane H+-ATPase

In the yeast plasma-membrane H(+)-ATPase and other P-type ATPases, conformational changes are transmitted between cytoplasmic and membrane-embedded domains via a stalk region composed of cytoplasmic extensions of membrane segments 2, 3, 4, and 5. The present study has used a fluorescent maleimide (Alexa-488) to probe Cys residues introduced into stalk segments 4 and 5 of the yeast enzyme. In the case of S5, Cys substitutions along one face led to a constitutive, 5- to 10-fold activation of the ATPase in the absence of glucose. Based on homology with SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPase, this face is likely to be buried in the interior of the protein, close to the P domain. Three Cys residues on the opposite face of S5 (A668C, S672C, and D676C) were accessible to Alexa-488 under all conditions tested. In addition, three other Cys residues at or near the boundary between the two faces reacted with Alexa-488 only (V665C, L678C) or preferentially (Y689C) in plasma membranes from glucose-metabolizing cells; this result provides the first direct evidence for a change in conformation of S5 during glucose activation. For stalk segment 4, site-directed mutagenesis gave no sign of a role in glucose-dependent regulation. Rather, substitutions at 13 consecutive positions along S4 caused kinetic changes consistent with a shift in equilibrium from E2 to E1. Four Cys residues along this stretch of S4 (Q357C, K362C, S364C, and S368C) reacted with Alexa-488, indicating that they are exposed to the aqueous medium as predicted in the SERCA-based structural model.
Tubular dysfunction in the deeply jaundiced patient with hepatorenal syndrome

We examined beta 2-microglobulin (B2MG) excretion, an index of tubular function, in patients with hepatorenal syndrome, in whom tubular function is generally regarded as normal. Urine B2MG was significantly higher in these patients than in control patients with normal serum creatinine concentration. Patients with high urine B2MG concentration had markedly higher serum bilirubin than did patients with normal values (31 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 8 mg%, p less than 0.001), whereas prothrombin activity, serum albumin and serum B2MG concentration were similar. A "threshold" serum bilirubin concentration of about 23 mg% differentiated patients with normal and high urine B2MG values. Renal morphology at autopsy was unremarkable in both groups. Tubular dysfunction, manifested by increased urinary excretion of B2MG, occurs in patients with hepatorenal syndrome and deep jaundice. This measurement cannot, therefore, be used to make a diagnosis of acute tubular injury, as due to aminoglycosides, in such patients.
Cubeo acculturation to coca and its social implications

The use of coca, recently acquired by the Cubeo, is thought to substitute in function for repressed practices and for rites forbidden by whites in the vicinity. Above all, it has re-emphasized masculinity and male dominance in all aspects of the daily life. Coca use, then, a less censored practice, is one of the manners by which Cubeo culture is re-asserting itself. The Cubeo inhabit the middle Vaup~s River and its tributaries, namely the Cuduiarl, the Querarl, and other small streams in southeastern Colombia. The Timb6 group of Cubeo orginated on the Cuduiari four generations ago, but in search of better home sites moved to established Timb6 on the Vaup~s River itself. Coca was not originally an element in Cubeo culture. As they put it: "It was not a part of our birth." The Cubeo claim that coca originated with the Carapan~t Indians of the Piraparan~ River. In times past, the distended cheek of an arriving visitor signaled to the Cubeo that this man was an outsider--an enemy to be killed. Even the Cubeo term for coca, "patu," is derived from the Brazilian term, "ipadfi." Pedro L6pez, third ranking elder in his phratry, is credited with the introduction of coca into his community (the elders are responsible for passing on tribal traditions.) Pedro's father did not use coca when he came to Timb6 from the Cuduiarl to establish a village. In fact, he strictly forbade its use by his sons. In working chicle as a young man, Pedro was companion to some Carapan~i Indians. He inquired about the powder he saw them use and was offered a sampling. Though he was not impressed at first, he continued trying coca until he had acquired a taste for it. As soon as his father died, Pedro began to plant his wife's "chagra" (field) with coca. Now he is a confirmed user of it. Among the Cubeo, the Cuduiarl Cubeo
Does Harley Have a Point? Comments on Harley's ‘Does Cognitive Neuropsychology have a Future?’

(2004). Does Harley Have a Point? Comments on Harley's ‘Does Cognitive Neuropsychology have a Future?’. Cognitive Neuropsychology: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 37-39.
THE EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS ON TACTILE COMMUNICATION

The researcher-constructed tactile display prototype has been used to conduct a variety of laboratory studies that have demonstrated positive results for tactile signaling and communication. This prototype display that uses precision tactors and skilled placement of them exhibits potential for superior reception of the vibration in the appropriate skin receptors. The purpose of this study was to determine if this prototype tactile display could still produce accurate reception of tactile localization and messaging under physiological stress. Results showed that USMA cadets running on a treadmill had almost error free performance, demonstrating that messaging and localization of tactile signals seemed to be unaffected by physiological arousal or stress. Language: en
Selective amplification of bacterial RNA: use of a DNA primer containing mismatched bases near its 3' terminus to reduce false-positive signals.

A reverse transcription PCR (RT–PCR) method designed to reduce false-positive results due to the co-amplification of contaminating genomic DNA is reported. Feasibility of the method was evaluated using 16S rRNA sequences specific to Bacillus cereus. A DNA oligonucleotide primer, consisting of 22-bases containing three consecutive mismatched bases near its 3′ terminus (primer B16RT), was used for reverse transcription and in subsequent cDNA amplification. Specific rRNA was reverse transcribed at low temperature (40 °C or 45 °C) in the presence of primer B16RT. As subsequent PCR using primer B16RT at high (62 °C) annealing temperatures is not nearly as efficient as amplification using the specific primer, amplification of genomic DNA was hindered relative to the amplification of cDNA. The method was readily adapted to the selective amplification of mRNA of the Listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin O (hly) gene.
Cyclic oligomers of 4-aminopentanoic acid

Abstract Among the neutral products obtained on heating N-(-4-amino-pentanoyl)-4-aminopentanoic acid p-nitrophenyl ester in dilute pyridine solution are the lactam of 4-aminopentanoic acid and the cyclic tetramers of the amino acid. The 10-membered ring product of direct cyclization was not detected.
PHOTOELECTRON TRANSFER BETWEEN A CHARGED DERIVATIVE OF CHLOROPHYLL AND FERRICYANIDE AT THE LIPID BILAYER‐WATER INTERFACE

— Flash illumination of a lipid bilayer containing a positively charge pigment: chlorophyll b cholyl hydrazone and separating two salt solutions, one of which contained ferricyanide, resulted in a photovoltage of ∼20mV, acceptor side negative. The positive charge on the pigment resulted in several novel effects. (1) The photo-emf is twice that of chlorophyll a and five times that of chlorophyll b at a given concentration. A higher surface concentration of the charged derivative is the likely cause of this effect. (2) The pheophytin of chlorophyll b cholyl hydrazone produces about one-half the photo emf of the magnesium derivative whereas pheophytin a or b produced only one-tenth the signal. This may be a reflection of the changed redox potential of the cation chlorophyll b cholyl hydrazone. (3) A voltage drop of 100 mV across the membrane, the acceptor side negatively biased, causes a 3–4-fold increase in the charge recombination rate. Biasing the acceptor side 100 mV positive has no effect. Chlorophyll a or b do not show this field effect. This asymmetric effect is explained as a movement of the more polar chlorophyll dication towards the water interface, leading to more rapid reaction with donor. Thus the kinetics of the charge reversal are a sensitive and specific probe of the polar interfacial region of the lipid bilayer-water interface.
A comparative analysis of high spatial resolution IKONOS and WorldView-2 imagery for mapping urban tree species

Abstract Urban forest tree species mapping has benefitted from advances in remote sensing techniques. In this study, we explored the potential of the newly developed high resolution satellite sensor, WorldView-2 (WV2) imagery for identifying and mapping urban tree species/groups in the City of Tampa, FL, USA by comparing capabilities between high resolution IKONOS (IKO, acquired on April 6, 2006) and WV2 (acquired on May 1, 2011) imagery for identifying the urban tree species. Seven urban tree species/groups were mapped, including: sand live oak ( Quercus geminata ), laurel oak ( Q. laurifolia ), live oak ( Q. virginiana ), pine (species group), palm (species group), camphor ( Cinnamomum camphora ), and magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora ). Image-objects (IOs) were used as the tree species mapping unit. A stepwise masking protocol was developed to separate sunlit and shadow/shaded tree canopy IOs from the study area prior to tree species mapping. Comparative analyses examined average accuracies of tree species mapping results between four-band IKO imagery and three different band combinations of WV2 imagery: four “traditional” bands, four additional bands, and all eight bands. Linear Discriminant Analysis and Classification and Regression Trees were used to classify IOs using selected IO features derived from IKO and band combinations of WV2 imagery. With the exception of sand live oak mapping result (due to phenological difference due to image collection dates), validation results indicate significantly improved mapping accuracies using all combinations of WV2 imagery (p
Molecular Analysis of the Human Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Gene Family

We have assigned the human serum amyloid A (SAA) gene family to a 90 kb region on the short arm of human chromosome 11(11p) by hybridization of defined genomic fragments of human SAA genes to DNA from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids and to large DNA fragments separated by transverse alternating field gel electrophoresis. We have also characterized SAA probe hybridization patterns in human DNA cleaved with restriction endonucleases Hind III, Pst I, Bg/II, Taq I, and Xba I and found invariant patterns except for a two-allele restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with Hind III. These studies show that the SAA gene family comprises at least three members in the haploid human genome and will be useful in identifying variant patterns and establishing linkage between members of the SAA gene family and other markers on chromosome 11.
A super-resolution source reconstruction method using free space Green'S function

The Source Reconstruction Method (SRM) is a recent technique developed for antenna diagnostics and for carrying out Near-Field (NF) to Far-Field (FF) transformation. The SRM is based on the application of the Electromagnetic Equivalence Principle, in which one establishes an equivalent current distribution that radiates the same fields as the actual currents induced in the Antenna-Under-Test (AUT). The knowledge of the equivalent currents allows the determination of the antenna radiating elements, as well as the prediction of the AUT radiated fields outside the equivalent currents domain. The unique feature of the novel methodology presented in this paper is that it can resolve equivalent currents that are smaller than half a wavelength in size, thus providing super resolution. Furthermore, the measurement field samples can be taken at field spacings greater than half a wavelength, thus going beyond the classical sampling criteria. These two distinctive features are possible due to the choice of a model based parameter estimation methodology where the unknowns are approximated by a continuous basis and secondly through the use of the analytic Green's function. In addition, the use of the singular value decomposition in the solution of the matrix equations provides the user with a quantitative tool to assess the quality and the quantity of the measured data. Alternately, the use of the iterative conjugate gradient method in solving the ill conditioned matrix equations can also be implemented. Two examples of an antenna diagnostics method are presented to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed methodology.
The expression of 15-lipoxygenase gene and the presence of functional enzyme in cytoplasm and nuclei of pregnancy human myometria.

The expression of the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) gene in pregnancy human myometria, from messenger RNA (mRNA) to the product of the enzyme reaction, was investigated. In situ hybridization with antisense riboprobe synthesized from human reticulocyte 15-LO complementary DNA has revealed the presence of mRNA in myometrial smooth muscle as well as in myometrial blood vessels. Immunoblot analysis with a polyclonal antibody to recombinant human 15-LO enzyme showed a single 110-kilodalton immunoreactive protein in myometria. Light microscope immunocytochemistry using polyclonal antibodies has demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive 15-LO protein and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), the primary product of the 15-LO pathway. While myometrial blood vessels did not show any obvious change, myometrial smooth muscle showed lower 15-LO mRNA, 15-LO immunoreactive protein, and 15-HETE at term pregnancy and during labor. Immunogold electron microscopy showed the presence of immunoreactive 15-LO in rough endopl...
Specific commitment of different pre-mRNAs to splicing by single SR proteins.

HIGHER eukaryotic cells express a family of essential splicing factors with a characteristic RNA-binding domain and serine arginine-rich (SR) motif1. These SR proteins, which include SC352–6 and SF2/ASF7–12, are conserved from Drosophila to man, are required for early steps of spliceosome assembly, and can influence splice-site selections. To address their mechanisms of action, SR proteins were examined for their role in committing pre-messenger RNA to the splicing pathway. I report here that SC35 was sufficient on its own to form a committed complex with human β-globin pre-mRNA. Examination of other SR proteins and pre-mRNA substrates revealed that single SR proteins committed different pre-mRNAs to splicing with pronounced substrate specificity. These results suggest that splicing of different pre-mRNAs may require distinct sets of SR proteins, and that the commitment by SR proteins may be a critical step at which alternative and tissue-specific splicing is regulated.
QORE: A fault tolerant network-on-chip architecture with power-efficient quad-function channel (QFC) buffers

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are quickly becoming the standard communication paradigm for the growing number of cores on the chip. While NoCs can deliver sufficient bandwidth and enhance scalability, NoCs suffer from high power consumption due to the router microarchitecture and communication channels that facilitate inter-core communication. As technology keeps scaling down in the nanometer regime, unpredictable device behavior due to aging, infant mortality, design defects, soft errors, aggressive design, and process-voltage-temperature variations, will increase and will result in a significant increase in faults (both permanent and transient) and hardware failures. In this paper, we propose QORE - a fault tolerant NoC architecture with Quad-Function Channel (QFC) buffers. The use of QFC buffers and their associated control (link and fault controllers) enhance fault-tolerance by allowing the NoC to dynamically adapt to faults at the link level and reverse propagation direction to avoid faulty links. Additionally, QFC buffers reduce router power and improve performance by eliminating in-router buffering. Our simulation results using real benchmarks and synthetic traffic mixes show that QORE improves speedup by 1.3× and throughput by 2.3× when compared to state-of-the art fault tolerant NoCs designs such as Ariadne and Vicis. Moreover, using Synopsys Design Compiler, we also show that network power in QORE is reduced by 21% with minimal control overhead.
CT effective dose per dose length product using ICRP 103 weighting factors

Purpose: To generate effective dose per unit dose length product (E/DLP) conversion factors incorporating ICRP Publication 103 tissue weighting factors. Methods: Effective doses for CT examinations were obtained using theIMPACTDosimetry Calculator using all 23 dosedata sets that are offered by this spreadsheet. CT examinations were simulated for scans performed along the patient long axis for each dosimetry data set using a 4 cm beam width ranging from the upper thighs to top of the head. Five basic body regions (head, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis), as well as combinations of the regions (head/neck, chest/abdomen, abdomen/pelvis, and chest/abdomen/pelvis) and whole body CT scans were investigated. Correction factors were generated that can be applied to convert E/DLP conversion factors based on ICRP 60 data to conversion factors that are valid for ICRP 103 data (i.e., E 103 / E 60 ). Results: Use of ICRP 103 weighting factors increase effective doses for head scans by ∼ 11 % , for chest scans by ∼ 20 % , and decrease effective doses for pelvis scans by ∼ 25 % . Current E/DLP conversion factors are estimated to be 2.4 μ Sv / mGy cm for head CT examinations and range between 14 and 20 μ Sv / mGy cm for body CT examinations. Conclusions: Factors that enable patient CTdoses to be adjusted to account for ICRP 103 tissue weighting factors are provided, which result in E/DLP factors that were increased in head and chest CT, reduced in pelvis CT, and showed no marked change in neck and abdomen CT.
Stability and Convection in Impulsively Heated Porous Layers

Experiments are reported on initial instability, turbulence, and overall heat transfer in a porous medium heated from below. The porous medium comprises either water or a water-glycerin solution and randomly stacked glass spheres in an insulated cylinder of height:diameter ratio of 1.9. Heating is with a constant flux lower surface and a constant temperature upper surface, and the stability criterion is determined for a step heat input. The critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection is obtained in terms of a length scale normalized to the thermal penetration depth as Ra c =83/(1.08η-0.08η 2 ) for 0.02<η<0.18. Steady convection in terms of the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers is Nu =0.047Rα 0.91 Pr 0.11 (μ/μ 0 ) 0.72 for 100 <Ra <5000. Time-averaged temperatures suggest the existence of a unicellular axisymmetric flow dominated by upflow over the central region of the heated surface. When turbulence is present, the magnitude and frequency of temperature fluctuations increase weakly with increasing Rayleigh number. Analysis of temperature fluctuations in the fluid provides an estimate of the speed of the upward moving thermals, which decreases with distance from the heated surface.
High-frequency radio wave diffraction from singly curved, convex surfaces a heuristic approach

An alternate approach is presented for the prediction of induced surface currents on perfect electric conducting (PEC) circular cylinders of large radius by observation of the asymptotic behaviour of the Fock currents. The currents are separated in the fashion of the physical theory of diffraction in terms of a uniform or physical optics component and a nonuniform or diffraction component which is highly localised to the shadow boundary. The approach can be extended to that of a general convex surface by application of known methods such as incremental-length diffraction coefficients. The case of the 2D PEC circular cylinder at normal incidence is developed first and then extended to that of oblique incidence analytically. The resulting expressions for the induced current are algebraic and are shown to be highly accurate for cylinders having radii of curvature larger than a wavelength. Total near-fields generated by this macromodelled current are in good agreement with those of the exact solution everywhere.
Overcoming Obstacles in the Dissertation Requirement: Advice to the Doctoral Candidate:

(1983). Overcoming Obstacles in the Dissertation Requirement: Advice to the Doctoral Candidate. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 210-212.
Hematologic responses and the early development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats

Abstract We have previously described the development of greater right ventricular hypertrophy after 7 days of hypoxia in the altitude-susceptible H strain compared to the resistant M strain of Sprague-Dawley rat. Greater polycythemia also occurs in the H strain after 2–3 weeks of hypoxia and is characterized by increased mean red cell volume (MCV), reticulocyte count (Retic), and blood viscosity after 4 weeks of hypoxia. In the present study, we determined the time course of development of these hematologic responses whether differences in MCV are associated with differences in red cell deformability, and whether the hematologic differences might contribute to the early cardiopulmonary differences between the strains. We found that although hematocrit (Hct) did not differ between the strains until 21 days of hypoxia, MCV and Retic were greater in the H strain after only 3 days and whole blood viscosity was greater after 7 days. However, no differences in the viscosity or deformability of reconstituted red cells (Hcts 10% and 25%) were apparent at any time during hypoxic exposure. Furthermore, pressure-flow curves obtained using blood and lungs isolated from 7-day hypoxic rats suggested that the largest component ofpressure elevation in the H rats was related to pulmonary vascular rather than hematologic factors. We conclude that although H rats have exaggerated hematologic responses to hypoxia, differences in pulmonary vascular structure and tone are more likely to be responsible for the strain differences in cardiopulmonary responses occurring after 7 days of hypoxia.
ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENTS IN POINT-ION AND UNIFORM-BACKGROUND LATTICES

The lattice contribution to the field gradient in ionic crystals and metals is a quantity which has a well-defined value. However, for an actual evaluation, the field gradient is usually broken up into a number of conditionally convergent series with poor convergence. Rapidly convergent expressions for these series, and consequently, for the field gradient can be obtained by applying the method of plane-wise summation. This method is applied to the field gradient in ionic crystals with tetragonal and hexagonal symmetry and to the field gradient in tetragonal and hexagonal close-packed metal structures. As an example, an expression for the field gradient at the position of the anion is derived for ionic crystals with the Cd${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ structure. This expression is numerically evaluated for Co${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, Fe${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, Mg${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, Mn${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, Ca${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, Cd${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, Co${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, Fe${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, Ge${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, Mg${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, and Mn${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$. Rather extensive numerical results are also presented for both close-packed metal structures, including values for the field gradient in Li, Be, Zn, In, and Rh.
Changes in Rat Spinal Cord Gene Expression After Inflammatory Hyperalgesia of the Joint and Manual Therapy

Context Mobilization of a joint affects local tissue directly but may also have other effects that are mediated through the central nervous system. Objective To identify differential gene expression in the spinal cords of rats with or without inflammatory joint injury after manual therapy or no treatment. Methods Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: no injury and no touch (NI/NT), injury and no touch (I/NT), no injury and manual therapy (NI/MT), and injury and manual therapy (I/MT). We induced acute inflammatory joint injury in the rats by injecting carrageenan into an ankle. Rats in the no-injury groups did not receive carrageenan injection. One day after injury, rats received manual therapy to the knee of the injured limb. Rats in the no-touch groups were anesthetized without receiving manual therapy. Spinal cords were harvested 30 minutes after therapy or no touch, and spinal cord gene expression was analyzed by microarray for 3 comparisons: NI/NT vs I/NT, I/MT vs I/NT, and NI/NT vs NI/MT. Results Three rats were assigned to each group. Of 38,875 expressed sequence tags, 755 were differentially expressed in the NI/NT vs I/NT comparison. For the other comparisons, no expressed sequence tags were differentially expressed. Cluster analysis revealed that the differentially expressed sequence tags were over-represented in several categories, including ion homeostasis (enrichment score, 2.29), transmembrane (enrichment score, 1.55), and disulfide bond (enrichment score, 2.04). Conclusions An inflammatory injury to the ankle of rats caused differential expression of genes in the spinal cord. Consistent with other studies, genes involved in ion transport were among those affected. However, manual therapy to the knees of injured limbs or to rats without injury did not alter gene expression in the spinal cord. Thus, evidence for central nervous system mediation of manual therapy was not observed.
Reduction of marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cell content is not sufficient for enhanced syngeneic engraftment.

The mechanisms regulating long-term engraftment of primitive stem cells are largely unknown. Most conditioning strategies use myeloablative agents for experimental or clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Host conditioning regimens, in part, have been designed on the assumption that transplanted cells home to specific marrow sites and if these sites are occupied by host stem cells, engraftment will not take place. However, there is now evidence that stable long-term syngeneic engraftment may occur in the absence of host marrow stem cell depletion. To further study the association of engraftment with stem cell depletion, we investigated whether the marked egress of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells from the marrow into the peripheral blood in C57BL6 mice following a single dose of cyclophosphamide (day 1) and four days of G-CSF (days 3-6) afforded an increased opportunity for long-term syngeneic donor engraftment. During and after mobilization, glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI)-1b mice received 30 × 106 GPI-1a marrow cells without further myeloablation. The level of donor/recipient chimerism was assessed in cell lysates after six months. Increased long-term syngeneic donor engraftment was observed prior to mobilization (before day 6), during a period of active hematopoietic regeneration following the administration of cyclophosphamide. Hematopoietic regeneration was evidenced by a reduced but rapidly increasing marrow cellularity and an increased proportion of hematopoietic progenitors in S-phase. In contrast, long-term syngeneic donor engraftment was not increased over controls during the period of maximum progenitor and stem cell mobilization (after day 5). At this time there were minimal numbers of progenitor and stem cells in the marrow. These data suggest that in the absence of host stem cell ablation, maximal engraftment does not occur during marrow progenitor or stem cell depletion, suggesting that the presence of “open” marrow sites is not a prerequisite for engraftment. The mechanisms for increased engraftment during progenitor cell regeneration following cyclophosphamide need further investigation. Understanding the mechanisms for engraftment without host stem cell ablation may allow strategies for improved long-term engraftment of syngeneic or autologous stem cells with reduced post-transplant toxicity.
Leibniz and Luther on the Non-Cognitive Component of Faith

Leibniz was a Lutheran. Yet, upon consideration of certain aspects of his philosophical theology, one might suspect that he was a Lutheran more in name than in intellectual practice. Clearly Leibniz was influenced by the Catholic tradition; this is beyond doubt. However, the extent to which Leibniz was influenced by his own Lutheran tradition—indeed, by Martin Luther himself—has yet to be satisfactorily explored. In this essay, the views of Luther and Leibniz on the non-cognitive component of faith are considered in some detail. According to Luther, the only non-cognitive aspect of faith worth favoring is trust (fiducia), since it is trust in God’s promise of mercy that warrants justification for the sinner. Leibniz, for his part, sides with the Thomistic tradition in emphasizing love (caritas) as the non-cognitive element of faith par excellence. I argue that Leibniz falls into a trap forewarned by Luther himself, even if Leibniz had systematic metaphysical reasons for his disagreement.
Phosphorylation of the Mr = 34,000 protein in normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed rat fibroblasts.

Abstract Antiserum was raised against the Mr = 34,000 chick cell protein which may serve as a substrate for the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product. The antiserum specifically immunoprecipitated 2 proteins from [35S]methionine labeled Rous sarcoma virus-transformed rat cell extracts (a Mr = 35,000 and a Mr = 38,000 protein). Partial protease treatment revealed these two proteins to be very closely related. The protein of apparent Mr = 38,000 was phosphorylated and the phosphate was present exclusively on tyrosine residues. The effect of epidermal growth factor on phosphorylation of the Mr = 35,000 protein was examined in several normal rat fibroblast cell lines. EGF treatment had no effect on phosphorylation of the Mr = 35,000 protein for any normal cell line and also failed to elevate overall levels of phosphotyrosine.
Recreation education in the United States and Canada: A look at the past, present, and future

(1984). Recreation education in the United States and Canada: A look at the past, present, and future. Leisure Sciences: Vol. 6, Essays on Park and Recreation Education, pp. 337-349.