cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual Relationships: The Challenges for Social Workers in Recovery

ABSTRACT Over the last ten years there is increasing focus in social work literature about non-sexual dual relationships. This has included consideration of different types of dual relationships that occur primarily during or after the establishment of professional social worker-client relationship. However, the specific concerns facing social workers who are themselves in recovery from substance use disorders remain absent from these discussions. This article identifies challenges facing social workers in recovery from substance use disorders who also work with clients dealing with these disorders. Recommended actions and policies that can assist professionals and agencies in balancing personal and practice issues are presented.
FDG-PET/CT is superior to bone scan for detection of bone metastases from rhabdomyosarcoma at staging

651 Objectives To compare the performance of FDG-PET/CT with bone scan (BS) for detection of bone metastases (BM) at initial staging of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Methods RMS patients who underwent a staging FDG-PET/CT and BS within 3 wks, and Results 105 patients were eligible for the analysis (median age 12.5 yrs). PET/CT scans were performed a median 0.1 wks prior to BS and 0.7 wks prior to start of chemotherapy. BM were present in 19 patients. PET/CT was true positive (TP) in 18/19 and equivocal (EQ) in 1/19 patients. BS was TP in 6/19, EQ in 5/19 and false negative in 8/19 patients. BS did not detect any lesions not seen on PET/CT. TP lesions on PET were negative (13/18) or lytic (5/18) on companion CT. Average SUVmax for the hottest BM per scan was 6.8 g/ml (2.4-11.7). STM were detected by PET/CT in 43 patients, of which 13 also had BM. Patients with BM on PET/CT had a higher risk of death than did those without BM (p Conclusions FDG-PET/CT is superior to BS for detection of BM in patients with RMS at diagnosis. BM seen on PET scans are occult or lytic on CT. The presence and extent of BM on PET/CT are correlated with risk of death.
Legislative History: The Search for Legislative Intent

The ability to research the history of a statute is an essential skill for all aspiring lawyers. Written for Student Lawyer magazine, this legal research column examines the various documents that make up legislative history and their relative importance.
Measurement of the Proton Analyzing Power in the p-d Breakup Reaction

We report in this paper on the measurement of the proton analyzing power Ay in the 2H(,p)d* reaction at Ep = 22.7 MeV,}which corresponds to the same center of mass energy as that in the 1H(,p)d* reaction reported by Conzettl) Here, d* denotes final-state np pairs with relative energy Enp ≤ 1 MeV, in both the singlet and triplet states. Previously there had been measurements of the vector analyzing power in the 2H(,2p)n (ref.2) and 1H(,2p)n (ref.3) transitions to the np final-state interaction (FSI) region at Ep = 10.5 MeV and Ed = 12.2 MeV, respectively. In both instances the analyzing powers were very small or consistent with zero. The higher energy results at Ed = 45.4 McV1) showed values of Ay reaching 0.15±0.02. The exact three-body calculations4,5), which have been successful in fitting N-d breakup cross sections, have so far been limited to S-wave N-N input interactions and, thus, provide no polarization.
Apodemus sylvaticus (Field mouse)

The X chromosome is the longest element of the complement, much longer than the longest autosome. Therefore even though the karyotypes of this species consist of all acrocentric chromosomes, identification of the X poses no problem. Identification of the Y, however, is subjective.
OpenDSA: An Interactive eTextbook for Computer Science Courses

The open-source OpenDSA eTextbook system is seeing rapidly growing use around the world. It combines textbook-quality tutorial material with many algorithm visualizations (AVs), simulations, and a large collection of interactive exercises, including small programming exercises. Its materials are re-configurable for specific classes. Being implemented in HTML5, it requires only a web browser to be accessible to students. Available content now includes comprehensive coverage for Data Structures and Algorithms courses, and rapidly growing content for Programming Languages, Translators, and Formal Languages courses. This session will provide a demonstration of the most innovative features of OpenDSA as they might be used by students and instructors in a range of Computer Science courses.
A17 Session 5: General Urology

New forms of thermal ablation have emerged over the past few decades to eradicate solid organ cancers. Much of this is due to the propagation of companies and technologies aimed at providing minimally invasive procedures that can be performed in an out-patient setting. In addition, we have learned more about the biology of some of these cancers, and research has demonstrated that the low metastatic rate for many of these indolent tumors make them amenable to ablation. At the end of the last century the introduction of third generation, gas-driven cryotherapy based on the Joule–Thompson effect has completely revolutionized the technique of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Recent improvements have allowed a simpler and quicker freeze–thaw process inside the prostate gland that has significantly shortened the operative time. Secondly, the use of ultra thin 17-gauge needles has become a truly minimally invasive procedure with direct transperineal skin penetration and precise insertion of the cryoprobes into the prostate through a conventional brachytherapy-type grid template. Despite these advances, whole-gland prostate cancer treatments can damage intimate anatomical structures (bladder, erectile nerves, rhabdosphincter and rectum) that contribute to a high quality of life. While the incidence of such damage has decreased as techniques to deliver both radiation and surgical extirpation have improved, morbidity remain significant in both frequency and personal impact. The role of organ-preserving therapy—most commonly termed “focal therapy”—has been suggested as a way to eliminate small-volume prostate cancer. The hypothetical premise of focal therapy is that while clinically insignificant smaller tumors may coexist elsewhere in the prostate gland, a dominant tumor drives the biology of the disease; thus, destroying the dominant tumor may alter the natural history of the disease for the individual patient. If focal therapy can destroy the dominant tumor in a way that limits collateral damage to urinary, bowel, and erectile functions associated with other prostate cancer therapies, this form of management may be desirable for well-selected patients who may be willing to accept potential oncological concessions in order to limit these risks. The concept of focal therapy for prostate cancer follows the same treatment paradigm used for almost all other solid tumors, where careful study has revealed that functional outcomes are improved by minimizing the excised or destroyed tissue with no resulting loss of oncologic efficacy. The use of focal therapy to treat kidney and bladder malignancies is well established in the literature. The focus of this lecture will discuss the clinical outcomes of focal therapy in the management of prostate cancer and selecting the proper patients for the procedure. In addition, post-operative management of these patients will be discussed, including functional as well as oncological outcomes.
Fabrication of porous structure of poly(ε-caprolactone) via microcellular injection molding combined with chemical foaming

The physical foaming technology of supercritical fluid foaming and chemical foaming technology were combined to fabricate porous structure for polymers.Sodium bicarbonate was used as a chemical foaming agent.Poly(e-caprolactone)(PCL) was first blended with sodium bicarbonate by a twin screw extruder and pelletized.The different foaming processes were conducted on a conventional injection molding machine and a microcellular injection molding machine separately.The foaming results were investigated by comparing the two methods of injection molding and microcellular injection molding.The results revealed that it was feasible by combining physical foaming and chemical foaming to fabricate porous structure for PCL,whose foaming quality was better than that of only chemical foaming method.The introduction of chemical foaming agent not only improved general foaming,but also served as nucleating agent of the gas bubbles of physical foaming.The interconnectivity of the pores was investigated,as well as the "web" structure on the cell walls.When the bubbles were growing,the cell walls were stretched in different directions,and the mutual wall of neighbored pores was stretched by the pores,therefore the "web" structure was obtained.
Vertical Relationship between Wind-Power Manufacturing Industry and Wind-Farms

A highly developed wind-power industry is conductive to reducing carbon emissions,and achieving sustainable economic and social growth.As in other industries,the industrial organization structure is one of the determinants of development because the vertical structure is decisive to resource allocation,profit distribution and product prices among different marketing channels.This study answers two questions: ① the relationship between profit margins of wind farms and concentration ratio of wind-power equipment manufacturing market;② factors important to the form ation of the relationship.The theoretical model reveals a negative relationship between profit margins of wind farms and concentration ratio in upstream market.The negativeness grows stronger while the demand of wind farms for upstream firms becomes more inelastic.The results conclude that the government could offer tax incentives to upstream firms,monitor oligopoly behaviors,and implement the industrial standard to attract new enterprises to enter the manufacturing market.The new entrants to the manufacturing market will lower the market concentration and increase the demand elasticity of wind farms,for particular manufacturing firms.The profit margins of wind farms are thereby increased and healthy development of the whole industry will be more consistent.
The Politics of Prohibition: American Governance and the Prohibition Party, 1869–1933

This book introduces the intrepid temperance advocates who formed America's longest-living minor political party - the Prohibition Party - drawing on the party's history to illuminate how American politics came to exclude minor parties from governance. Lisa M. F. Andersen traces the influence of pressure groups and ballot reforms, arguing that these innovations created a threshold for organization and maintenance that required extraordinary financial and personal resources from parties already lacking in both. More than most other minor parties, the Prohibition Party resisted an encroaching Democratic-Republican stranglehold over governance. When Prohibitionists found themselves excluded from elections, they devised a variety of tactics: they occupied saloons, pressed lawsuits, forged utopian communities, and organized dry consumers to solicit alcohol-free products.
Crime and Ethnicity (Including Race)

This article explores research into the link between crime and ethnicity, including race, developed since the 1970s. Differences in crime involvement between ethnic and racial groups has been studied since the earliest part of the twentieth century. Data indicate that members of all groups are both offenders and victims; and the data also indicate trends of disproportionality. For example, it has been demonstrated recently that, compared to other countries, the United States has posted rates of personal violence that are among the highest in the world. Domestic data sources confirm that this violence is disproportionately experienced by people of color—especially men. The reasons for this are complex. Analysis of the link between crime and ethnicity is extremely difficult because of the correlations between crime, ethnicity, and class. Moreover, because individuals do not exist in a vacuum, it is necessary to assess both micro and macrolevel explanations of criminal involvement in order to understand the phenomenon.
Noble FeRAM technologies with MTP cell structure and BLT ferroelectric capacitors

A 16 Mb 1TIC FeRAM with a novel cell structure has been successfully developed with 0.25 /spl mu/m process technology using (Bi,La)/sub 4/Ti/sub 3/O/sub 12/ (BLT) capacitors for the first time. The developed FeRAM is highly scalable and reliable as a result of applying an MTP (merged top electrode and plate line) structure and BLT stacked capacitor, respectively.
Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors in the Developing Chicken Lens

Purpose. Platelet-derived growth factor ha (PDGFs previousl)y been show tno influence lensgrowth and transparency. The purpose of the present study wa tos investigate the expressionof the PDGF recepto anr d its mRNA during lens developmen int chicken embryos.Methods. To examine the expression of PDGF receptor mRNAs th,e authors used a combina-tion of polymerase chain reaction, Norther annd blo RNaste analyses protectio,n assays.Platelet-derived growth factor receptor wers e studied using Western blot analyses and immuno-fluorescence-confocal microscopy. The mitogeni ocf PDG effectF wers e assayed using immu-nochemical detection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation into explanted lens epithelia.Results. The authors' studies strongly sugges the PDGt thaF at recepto irs th onle y PDGFreceptor present in the embryonic chicken lens during development because they were unableto detec tht e PDGF (3 receptor using two different approaches. Northern blots showed thatthe chicken len as recepto r mRN iAs similar in size to the mRNA encoding the human andfrog a receptor an, d Western blots detecte a singld e band wit a moleculah r weigh oft 170kDa, close t o the reported molecular weigh for thte huma n a receptor. After staining withspecific antibodies, confocal microscopy localize the immunoreactivitd y to the membranes ofthe epithelial and annular pa cellsd . A t early stages of development (E6), the PDGF a receptorwas present throughou the epitheliumt A. t later stages, immunoreactivity wa ts restricteo dthe peripheral epidieliu anmd the annular pad. The addition of human recombinant PDGF(AA or BB) to tissue cultured E6 chicken lens epithelia sustained cell proliferation significantlybetter than basal medium alone.Conclusions. The authors' studies provid the first e evidenc foe PDGr F a receptor ins thechicken lens. Localization of diese receptors to the peripheral lens epithelium during develop-ment and the mitogeni c effec otf exogenously added PDGF sugges a role fot r thi s growthfactor in the control of lens growth. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:3413-3421.Jt latelet-derived growth factor is a protein dimer thatacts as a potent mitogen for many cell types. ThePDGF dimer may consist of two A chains (AA), two Bchains (BB), or an A chain and B a chain (AB). Plate-let-derived growth factor interacts with two receptors,the a receptor and the ft receptor. The a receptorbinds all three PDGF isoforms, whereas the P receptorbinds only the AB and the BB isoforms.
Harmonious Contact: Stories About Intergroup Musical Collaboration Improve Intergroup Attitudes

Watching contact between members of one's ingroup and members of an outgroup in the media (mediated vicarious contact) improves intergroup attitudes. We compare mediated vicarious contact with observing only members of the outgroup (parasocial contact), and examine whether the activity of the portrayed contact matters. Building on theory, we predict that watching outgroup members playing music should reduce prejudice more than watching them engaged in nonmusical activities, particularly with vicarious (vs. parasocial) contact. Results show that vicarious musical contact enhances perceptions of synchronization, liking, and honesty between ingroup and outgroup actors in a video, which in turn results in more positive attitudes toward the outgroup. Counter to predictions, parasocial musical contact results in less positive outcomes than parasocial nonmusical contact.
Technology and the Not-so-Stable Body: “Being There” in the Cyborg’s Dilemma

Will virtual worlds one day be perceptually similar to everyday life? Could virtual reality (VR) provide a platform for individuals to dialogue about pressing social or political issues? From the Ready Player One and Matrix franchises, to the science fiction of Isaac Asimov, the communicative and political implications of hybrid human/machine virtual worlds have been heavily theorized. Yet, fundamental questions remain as to whether or not VR could ever substantiate the breath and scope of embodied, non-virtual experience. The following paper examines whether VR platforms are capable of providing an authentic sense of “being there” in digital spaces. Drawing from empirical findings in cognitive neuroscience, scholarship on virtual presence, and the phenomenology of perception, this paper argues that any attempt to communicate embodied presence within VR must account for the role of motoric action in structuring a vividly experienced worldhood. To this end, increased sensory feedback from new technologies will add to the life-like quality of virtual reality only insofar as this feedback is filtered through an action-oriented body image.
Non-Ergodic Site Response in Seismic Hazard Analysis:

Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses are usually performed with semi-empirical ground motion models (GMMs) following the ergodic assumption whereby average source, path, and site effects from glob...
The Professional Work of “Unprofessional” Tweets: Microblogging Career Situations in African American Hush Harbors

This article examines the tactical online rhetorical choices of a young African American professional communicator, Gina. Drawing on situated analysis to show how Gina engaged with her African Amer...
DEVS Support for Markov Modeling and Simulation

Markov Modeling is among the most commonly used forms of model expression. Besides their general usefulness, the Markov concepts of stochastic modeling are implicitly at the heart of most forms of discrete-event simulation. This chapter, an addition to the second edition, shows how such concepts are fully compatible with the DEVS characterization of discrete-event models and a natural basis for the extended and integrated Markov Modeling facility developed within the MS4 Me environment. The facility described here offers an easy-to-use set of tools to develop Markov models which are full-fledged DEVS models and able to be integrated with other DEVS models just like other DEVS models. Due to their transition structure, Markov models can be individualized with specific transition probabilities/rates which can be changed during model execution for dynamic structural change. Finally, we discuss case studies where such modeling can provide significant insights through multi-resolution modeling in drug therapy and how speedup using parallel processing is limited by the interprocessor connection network. An appendix gives some background for this chapter on exponential distributions, Poisson processes, and Markov basics.
The ‘Something’ that His Brain Required: America’s Role in the Development of Dickens’ Urban Imagination

Dickens’ experience as a traveller in America helped him to re-imagine London as a space where the relationship between tourist and destination could be unpredictable, complicated, and strangely productive. The experience of the generic American city, with its straight streets and flimsy, ungrounded structures, proved fruitfully defamiliarising as Dickens continued to think about London. In returning imaginatively to the resonant space of the ancient City, Dickens came to represent with great subtlety the uncanny experience of the traveller navigating modernity. This chapter explores several of these City journeys as they enact ‘unexpected relations’ (Nead) [Nead, Lynda. Victorian Babylon: People, Streets, and Images in Nineteenth-Century London. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000] between past, present, and future, and between different geographical spaces.
Association between aerobic fitness and cerebrovascular function with neurocognitive functions in healthy, young adults

Studies of the effects of physical activity on cognition suggest that aerobic fitness can improve cognitive abilities. However, the physiological mechanisms for the cognitive benefit of aerobic fitness are less well understood. We examined the association between aerobic fitness and cerebrovascular function with neurocognitive functions in healthy, young adults. Participants aged 18–29 years underwent measurements of cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVMR) in response to rebreathing-induced hypercapnia, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during cycle ergometry to voluntary exhaustion, and simple- and complex-neurocognitive assessments at rest. Ten subjects were identified as having low-aerobic fitness (LF 80th fitness percentile). There were no LF versus HF group differences in cerebrovascular hemodynamics during the baseline condition. Changes in middle cerebral artery blood velocity and CVMR during hypercapnia were elevated more in the HF than the LF group. Compared to the LF, the HF performed better on a complex-cognitive task assessing fluid reasoning, but not on simple attentional abilities. Statistical modeling showed that measures of VO2max, CVMR, and fluid reasoning were positively inter-correlated. The relationship between VO2max and fluid reasoning, however, did not appear to be reliably mediated by CVMR. In conclusion, a high capacity for maximal oxygen uptake among healthy, young adults was associated with greater CVMR and better fluid reasoning, implying that high-aerobic fitness may promote cerebrovascular and cognitive functioning abilities.
France and the fattened American: animality, consumption and the logic of gavage

This article uses the controversy sparked by the 2012 California foie gras ban as springboard for conceptualizing French and Francophone objections to US cultural imperialism and the so-called “obesity epidemic.” In particular, it explores the controversial practice of force-feeding or gavage as a way of examining how ideas about feeding and fattening animalize fat people in subtle ways. It argues that, as a form of consumption involving asymmetrical (and often sexualized, racialized and classed) relations of power, the logic of gavage invokes a plurality of practices for different ends – interpersonal as well as intrapersonal, cultural and cross-cultural – that frame the collective body of “America” as a fattened, but also fattening, “beast.” By probing the complex and unstable network of relationships that gavage signifies and enacts, it shows that animalized representations of the fat American pivots on issues germane to many discussions of “obesity” in general.
Overview of Digital Simulation Procedures for Aerosols Transport in Turbulent Flows

The fluid mechanics of aerosols is reviewed and forces responsible for migration, dispersion and wall deposition of contaminant particles are discussed. A digital simulation procedure for studying deposition of aerosols from turbulent air streams on different surfaces is presented. Effects of Brownian diffusion, Saffman lift force and gravity are included in the computational model. Approximate and exact methodologies for digital simulation of instantaneous fluctuating velocity components in a turbulent air stream are described. The procedure for simulating the Brownian motion of submicrometer particles is also discussed. Examples of deposition of aerosol particles in the range of 0.01 to 10 μm from initially uniform concentrations and point sources are presented.
Perspectives about policy implementation: A learning opportunity from the 2003-2013 Malawi HIV/AIDS Policy.

Introduction Malawi published its first ever HIV and AIDS policy in 2003. The implementation of the policy provided a very necessary and historic step in Malawi’s organized response towards HIV and AIDS. Many achievements were registered in the period this policy was implemented. However, some components of the policy were not well-implemented. Our study explored barriers to implementation of provider initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) for sexually transmitted infections (STI) within general outpatient settings. Malawi also launched a revised HIV and AIDS Policy in December 2013. Although not part of this policy analysis, future years of implementation may face related issues observed during the implementation of the 2003-2013 policy. Methods This is a non-experimental, descriptive study using a case study design. We examined the implementation of provider initiated HIV testing and counseling component of the Malawi HIV and AIDS policy from 2003-2013 focusing on STI and outpatient clinic settings. We sought to understand perspectives of various stakeholders and users of the policy. We conducted in-depth interviews with policy makers, health care worker supervisors, health care workers and health rights activists. Results Major problems which affected the implementation of the 2003-2013 HIV policy were: selective prioritization of policies by government, lack of involvement of implementers in the policy making process, non-awareness of health workers about the existence of the policy, lack of healthcare worker training, unsatisfactory supervision of policy implementation, poor harmonization of policies, lack of clarity about guidance to those directly implementing, unclear roles and reporting authority among the main national coordinating units. Conclusion Good leadership, effective coordination, involvement of key players in the policy making process, dissemination to primary users and decentralization or empowerment of local supervisors is key to successful policy implementation.
Structural Evolution of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase in the Laboratory

Because our approach to the problems of molecular evolution in the laboratory is rather different from that of most of the other workers contributing to this volume, I would like to begin this review of our recent work on yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with a historical note.
Using Confidence Intervals to Test Variance Components

Tests of hypotheses for variance components are often of interest in random effects analysis of variance models. However, in many applications, exact tests are not available and approximate methods must be used. Many investigators form approximate tests..
Laser Safety: Past and Present Problem Areas

At first thought, one might dismiss the subject of laser safety as deserving little scientific attention. One can find little excitement in arguments over the size, shape, and color of laser warning signs. On the other hand, a closer study of the factors which affect laser hazards reveals a series of multifaceted problems. Hidden behind many of these practical problems are often several very fundamental scientific questions. In these lectures I shall not review practical laboratory laser safety procedures; these may be found in a variety of laser safety pamphlets and in safety standards (e.g., ACGIH, 1976; ANSI, 1976; LIA, 1977). Instead I shall focus on a few interesting problem areas which we faced in deriving safe exposure limits and on some remaining unresolved questions.
Occupational Ergonomics and Injury Prevention

Ergonomics is the study of people at work. The current focus is on the prevention of work-induced musculoskeletal injuries through the application of sound ergonomic principles. This chapter has briefly outlined ergonomics and its history, has described low back pain and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders from an ergonomic perspective, and has discussed control and prevention approaches for a few scenarios. Ergonomic principles are based on a combination of science and engineering and a thorough understanding of human capabilities and limitations. When these principles are applied to the design of a job, task, process, or procedure, the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal injuries decrease. In many cases productivity and morale also improve. Workers are spared suffering, and employers are spared costs. It is hoped that this discussion will encourage more health, safety, and business professionals to learn about and apply ergonomics in their workplaces for the improvement of the worker, product, and business. Finally, many additional epidemiologic studies on the individual and joint effects of the CTD risk factors are needed. The knowledge gained from these studies will promote the more effective application of ergonomic principles to reduce worker suffering, improve products, and reduce costs.
Variation in Emergency Department Adherence to Treatment Guidelines for Inpatient Pneumonia and Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of pneumonia and sepsis have existed for many years with multiple studies suggesting improved patient outcomes. Despite their importance, little is known about variation in emergency department (ED) adherence to these CPGs. Our objectives were to estimate variation in ED adherence across CPGs for pneumonia and sepsis and identify patient, provider, and environmental factors associated with adherence. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective study using standard medical record review methods. The population consisted of consecutive adults hospitalized for pneumonia or sepsis (identified by discharge ICD-9 codes) at five Colorado hospitals (two academic, three community) who were admitted to the hospital from the ED and for whom the ED diagnosed or initiated treatment. The outcome measured was ED adherence to the CPG (primary) and in-hospital mortality (secondary). Hierarchical generalized linear models were used for analysis. RESULTS Among 827 patients, ED care was 57% adherence to CPGs with significant variation in adherence across CPGs (sepsis 50%, pneumonia 64%, p < 0.001). Patients were less likely to receive adherent care if they presented with chief complaints that were associated but not typical of the diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-0.8), received an ED diagnosis that was not specific to the CPG (associated diagnosis OR = 0.3 [95% CI = 0.2-0.5]; unrelated diagnosis OR = 0.4 [95% CI = 0.2-0.6]) or presented to a community hospital (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9). ED CPG nonadherence was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.8). CONCLUSION Adherence to ED infectious CPGs for pneumonia and sepsis varies significantly across diseases and types of institutions with significant room for improvement, especially in light of a significant association with in-hospital mortality.
The Political Economy of Mass Incarceration and Crime: An Analytic Model

AbstractThis article presents a model of mass incarceration in the United States, which has the largest proportion of its population imprisoned among advanced countries. Although the 1968 Kerner Co...
Development Support Communication in Practice: Towards Realizing Child Rights Through UNICEF:

The author studied 6 years with Professor Joe Ascroft at the University of Iowa on a team defining principles of Development Support Communication (DSC, now widely called C4D). In 1984, he returned...
High Power Density Body Heat Energy Harvesting

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can convert body heat into electricity, thereby providing a continuous power source for wearable and implantable devices. For wearables, the low fill factor (area occupied by legs over the TEG base area) TEG modules are relevant as they provide large thermal gradient across the legs and require less material, which reduces the cost and weight. However, TEGs with a fill factor below 15% suffer from reduced mechanical robustness; consequently, commercial modules are usually fabricated with a fill factor in the range of 25-50%. In this study, TEG modules with a low and high fill factor are demonstrated and their performance is compared in harvesting body heat. Fabricated modules demonstrate ∼80% output power enhancement as compared to commercially available designs, resulting in high power density of up to 35 μW/cm2 in a steady state. This enhanced power is achieved by using two-third less thermoelectric materials in comparison to commercial modules. These results will advance the ongoing development of wearable devices by providing a consistent high specific power density source.
Does Brain Death Related to Underlying Donor Disease Correlate with Adverse Outcomes after Heart Transplant

Purpose Donation after brain death is the primary method by which donor hearts become available within the U.S. It has been previously postulated that the method by which a donor reaches brain death may have an impact on the quality of the donor organ. Previous studies examining this have been mixed but have generally focused on traumatic vs non-traumatic deaths. In this study we sought to examine outcomes in recipients stratified by donor brain death related to underlying donor disease vs brain death that was independent of any underlying donor disease (including trauma, suicide, drug overdose, and others). Methods Patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) from 2010-2019 at a large-volume center were evaluated. In total 966 patients were identified, and these were stratified by etiology of donor brain death. Endpoints included severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD), 1-year survival, freedom from rejection (any, acute cellular, and antibody-mediated), freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE). Results Of the 966 patients identified, 830 were suitable for analysis (136 had missing data). When stratified by donor brain death etiology, recipients of a donor who died due to donor-related disease fared worse in terms of survival than their counterparts who received donors who died from donor-independent processes (88.1% vs 93.1%, p=0.02). Additionally, these patients also had a higher rate of coronary artery vasculopathy (6.8% vs 3.9%, p=0.05). Rejection was similar between groups. Conclusion The etiology of donor brain death appears to have an impact on the ultimate outcomes following OHT, with donors succumbing to injuries related to external factors such as trauma, drug overdose, or suicide faring better than donors that succumb to intrinsic disease processes. While outcomes are still in the acceptable range for both groups, transplant centers should take this into account when selecting donor organs.
Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

The rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with patients hospitalized with Covid-19, and associated outcomes are not well understood. This study describes the presentation, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. We reviewed the health records for all patients hospitalized with Covid-19 between March 1, and April 5, 2020, at 13 academic and community hospitals in metropolitan New York. Patients younger than 18 years of age, with end stage kidney disease or with a kidney transplant were excluded. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria. Of 5,449 patients admitted with Covid-19, AKI developed in 1,993 (36.6%). The peak stages of AKI were stage 1 in 46.5%, stage 2 in 22.4% and stage 3 in 31.1%. Of these, 14.3% required renal replacement therapy (RRT). AKI was primarily seen in Covid-19 patients with respiratory failure, with 89.7% of patients on mechanical ventilation developing AKI compared to 21.7% of non-ventilated patients. 276/285 (96.8%) of patients requiring RRT were on ventilators. Of patients who required ventilation and developed AKI, 52.2% had the onset of AKI within 24 hours of intubation. Risk factors for AKI included older age, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, black race, hypertension and need for ventilation and vasopressor medications. Among patients with AKI, 694 died (35%), 519 (26%) were discharged and 780 (39%) were still hospitalized. AKI occurs frequently among patients with Covid-19 disease. It occurs early and in temporal association with respiratory failure and is associated with a poor prognosis.
Role of zirconium in neodymium-dopants interactions within uranium-based metallic fuels

Abstract Metallic fuels proposed for advanced nuclear reactors are found to be superior to other fuel types in terms of high thermal conductivity, proliferation resistance, excellent compatibility with the sodium coolant, and in some configurations inherent safety. One performance limitation of metallic fuel systems is the chemical interaction of fuel, and the surrounding cladding materials commonly, known as fuel-cladding-chemical interaction (FCCI). The use of dopants that form intermetallics with lanthanides within the fuel matrix was found to be effective in binding with FCCI-causing lanthanides and arresting them within the fuel matrix. While most computational studies till now have been focused on the interaction between dopant and lanthanide, in this article we focused on the role of Zr, the primary solute in the U–Zr system on the complex phase stability in U–Zr–Nd–X quaternary system, where Nd and X=As, Se, Pd, Te, Sb are the lanthanide and dopants, respectively. We present combined electronic structure calculations and experiments to systematically understand the multiple binary interactions between dopant (X), lanthanide (Nd), and Zr within the U matrix. Our result reveals that while Zr–dopant interaction helps to stabilize dopants in the ternary U–Zr–dopant alloys system, dopant-lanthanide interaction is more dominant than any other binary interaction within the quaternary U–Zr–Nd–X system, implying the dopants are still effective in arresting lanthanide within the U matrix, in the presence of Zr providing further impetus for the use of dopants.
Leveraging Self-Awareness & Self Actualization to Maximize Outcomes

Opening with the story of Lydia, this chapter takes readers on a journey to gain a deeper more profound understanding of Self-Awareness and Self-Actualization as elements of Authentic Leadership. Parallels are drawn, and reoccurring themes in terms of leadership characteristics and positive outcomes are identified. Self-aware, authentic leaders most often are motivated by self-actualizing needs and have a high level of Emotional Intelligence. The self-aware, self-actualizing, emotionally intelligent authentic leader experiences the state of FLOW often through the collision of Peak Performance and Peak Experiences. This leader is reflective in SELF; self-esteem, self-regulation/management, self-mastery, and self-awareness. Decisions are approached from a state of mindfulness with a unique empathy for others and genuine concern for the greater good. This journey will end with identifying the positive outcomes including high LMX, increased follower-leader wellbeing, increased employee engagement and positive organizational behavior to name just a few.
Energizing activism: Motivating activism within EdD programs

This article serves as the introductory article for the second part of the special themed edition of the journal.
Pandemics in global and historical perspective

Attempts to understand global processes during and after pandemics will benefit from an analysis of historical examples. This work offers a brief review of the impact of various pandemics from abou...
West Coast vegetation shifts as a response to climate change over the past 130,000 years: geographic patterns and process from pollen data

We compiled pollen sequences from lake and offshore cores at least 6,000 years old (6 ka) for the Mediterranean and Marine ecoregions of the US West Coast. Principal Component Analysis highlighted ...
Disparities in Obstetric Readmissions: A Multistate Analysis, 2007-2014

Background Hospital readmissions are generally higher among racial-ethnic minorities and patients of lower socioeconomic status. However, this has not been widely studied in obstetrics. Objective The aim of the study is to determine 30-day postpartum readmission rates by patient-level social determinants of health: race ethnicity, primary insurance payer, and median income, independently and as effect modifiers. Study design Using state inpatient databases from the health care cost and utilization project from 2007 to 2014, we queried all deliveries. To produce accurate estimates of the effects of parturients' social determinants of health on readmission odds while controlling for confounders, generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used. Additional models were generated with interaction terms to highlight any associations and their effect on the outcome. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results There were 5,129,867 deliveries with 79,260 (1.5%) 30-day readmissions. Of these, 947 (1.2%) were missing race ethnicity. Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days of delivery, as compared with White patients (p Conclusion Significant racial-ethnic disparities in obstetric readmissions were observed, particularly in Black patients with government insurance and even in Black patients living in the richest quartile of median income. Key points · Using generalized linear mixed models, we observed significant interactions.. · Government-insured Black patients were 2.78X more likely to be readmitted.. · The wealthiest Black patients were still 1.48X more likely to be readmitted..
Saluting Judge Philip Pro's Quarter Century of Nevada District Service

United States District Judge Philip M. Pro recently assumed senior status after more than two dozen years of exemplary service—five as chief judge—on the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, the federal trial court that serves the entire state of Nevada. Everyone who knows Judge Pro understands that senior status will not mean semi-retirement for him because he will continue devoting his tremendous energy to assuring that the District of Nevada promptly, inexpensively, and fairly resolves the myriad challenging cases on its docket. Judge Pro earned his Juris Doctor degree from Golden Gate University School of Law in 1972 and began his legal career as a clerk to the Honorable William P. Compton in the Eighth Judicial District Court in Las Vegas. Thereafter, he served as a deputy public defender for Clark County from 1973–1975 and as an assistant United States attorney in Las Vegas and Reno from 1975–1977. After briefly engaging in private practice as a partner at the Reno law firm of Semenza, Murphy, and Pro from 1977–1979, Judge Pro returned to the public sector for good by assuming a position as deputy attorney general for the State of Nevada in the Gaming Division from 1979–1980. Prior to his appointment as an article III judge, Judge Pro served for seven years as a U.S. magistrate judge. During that time he presided over the litigation regarding the MGM Grand fire in which 87 individuals perished. The MGM Grand fire litigation involved extensive pre-trial discovery for approximately 1,500 plaintiffs and nearly 150 defendants, and required approximately 140 weekly discovery hearings. Judge Pro received his commission as an arti-
Ethnographic Evidence, Heterogeneity, and Neighbourhood Effects After Moving to Opportunity

Neighbourhood effects research is at a crossroads. After decades of qualitative and quantitative empirical studies aiming to determine how much neighbourhoods affect life chances, we seem nowhere near a coherent answer. This chapter identifies three concerns from the literature. Firstly, most quantitative empirical studies into neighbourhood effects most likely suffer from selection bias. Secondly, an entire generation of researchers concerned themselves asking if neighbourhoods matter and by how much, rather than asking under what circumstances do they matter? Thirdly, there is lack of clarity concerning how much progress has been made determining which mechanisms behind neighbourhood effects matter the most. This chapter draws lessons from the current literature and by using a case study from Chicago. It is suggested that future research should expect and explain heterogeneity and needs to move away from investigating average neighbourhood effects. It is also emphasised that future work should better integrate ethnographic research into the quantitative empirical research program. Ethnographic research has the capacity to help explain the often contradictory results of previous neighbourhood effect studies, and to generate hypotheses for future studies.
Measurement and Statistical Problems in Neuropsychological Assessment of Children

The field of neuropsychology as practiced clinically has been driven in large part by the development and application of standardized diagnostic procedures that are more sensitive than medical examinations to changes in behavior, in particular higher cognitive processes, as related to brain function. The techniques and methods so derived have led to major conceptual and theoretical advances in the understanding of normal and abnormal patterns of brain—behavior relationships. Despite the apparent utility of many of the neuropsychological tests discussed in this volume, their psychometric properties leave much to be desired. Much of their utility comes from the clinical acumen and experience of their users and developers, a situation that has, historically, made clinical neuropsychology more difficult to teach than should be the case. In fact, much of today’s practice and yesterday’s theoretical advances in clinical neuropsychology stem from intense and insightful observation of brain-damaged individuals by such astute observers as Ward Halstead, A. R. Luria, Hans Teuber, Karl Pribram, Roger Sperry, and others. These superstars of clinical neuropsychology were state-of-the-art researchers (though the state-of-the-art was often crude) to be sure, but their greatest inspirations came from their constant monitoring and informal interactions with the behavior of persons suffering from a variety of neurological trauma and disease. Halstead roamed the halls of Otho S. S. Sprague making notes as he observed behavior among brain-damaged individuals; Luria gained great insights into brain function with his rather informal, sometimes impromptu, bedside examination and discussions with soldiers with head injury; Sperry and his students followed and observed a series of “split-brain” patients going about their daily activities, even to the point of observing some as they dressed themselves and while engaged in leisure activities with others.
Future of adenoviruses in the gene therapy of arthritis.

Recombinant adenoviruses are straightforward to produce at high titres, have a promiscuous host-range, and, because of their ability to infect nondividing cells, lend themselves to in vivo gene delivery. Such advantages have led to their widespread and successful use in preclinical studies of arthritis gene therapy. While adenoviral vectors are well suited to 'proof of principle' experiments in laboratory animals, there are several barriers to their use in human studies at this time. Transient transgene expression limits their application to strategies, such as synovial ablation, which do not require extended periods of gene expression. Moreover, there are strong immunological barriers to repeat dosing. In addition, safety concerns predicate local, rather than systemic, delivery of the virus. Continued engineering of the adenoviral genome is producing vectors with improved properties, which may eventually overcome these issues. Promising avenues include the development of 'gutted' vectors encoding no endogenous viral genes and of adenovirus–AAV chimeras. Whether these will offer advantages over existing vectors, which may already provide safe, long-term gene expression following in vivo delivery, remains to be seen.