cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drawing near and pushing away: critical positioning in multimodal composition

ABSTRACTAs the tools and modes of literate practice continually emerge, so too must our critical approaches to understanding their expression. While media production has been praised for its potential to provide youth a voice to challenge dominant narratives, various questions remain as to what happens at the multimodal levels of composition in terms of critical engagement. This study uses mediated discourse analysis to examine adolescent students’ use of multimodal resources for purposes of critical positioning in ways unique to the multimodal dimensions of composing radio and video documentaries. Research findings reveal students’ active use of multimodal resources to both draw audiences near as well as push them away for purposes of pleasure, analysis, and critique. Implications for research and teaching include attention to the movement of shifting social positions as critical social practice.
Analysis of Internal Communication and Workplace Climate in Enterprises in the Czech Republic

Management of human resources is crucial for companies and includes internal communication, employee information, as well as employee relations at work. Workplace communication, information sharing and work relations on all hierarchical levels within a business are essential for the survival and success of small and medium-sized companies. The goal of this article is to analyse personnel systems, focusing on the relationships between superiors and subordinates, superior-subordinate communication and information sharing by company leaders with their subordinates, from the perspective of subordinates. Thereafter, gathered information is compared and analysed in terms of a focus on the advantages and disadvantages of a given work climate. Analysis and reasoning around the subject of respect and disrespect towards superiors from the perspective of subordinates is also presented. Data were gathered using questionnaires in small and medium-sized companies in the South Bohemian region. The questionnaires were completed by employees during the year 2013. This paper is based on data from the GAJU 039/2013/S grant-aided project called: The management of human resources of small and medium-sized companies. Fulltext: https://doi.org/10.1515/acta-2016-0001
Superior Vena Cava Banding to Facilitate Unilateral Bidirectional Glenn Operation in Patients With Single Ventricle Heart Disease and Bilateral Superior Caval Veins.

Staged palliation to achieve a total cavopulmonary connection is a common treatment strategy in patients with single ventricle congenital heart disease. Patients with bilateral superior caval veins...
A computation study on an integrated alternating direction method of multipliers for large scale optimization

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has recently received a lot of attention especially due to its capability to harness the power of the new parallel and distributed computing environments. However, ADMM could be notoriously slow especially if the penalty parameter, assigned to the augmented term in the objective function, is not properly chosen. This paper aims to accelerate ADMM by integrating that with the Barzilai–Borwein gradient method and an acceleration technique known as line search. Line search accelerates an iterative method by performing a one-dimensional search along the line segment connecting two successive iterations. We pay a special attention to the large-scale nonnegative least squares problems, and our experiments using real datasets indicate that the integration not only accelerate ADMM but also robustifies that against the penalty parameter.
Are Thalamic Aphasia and Neglect Due to Cortical Hypoperfusion? (P01.004)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if aphasia or neglect occurs after acute thalamic stroke without cortical hypoperfusion detected with dynamic contrast perfusion weighted imaging (PWI). BACKGROUND: We previously reported that non-thalamic acute subcortical infarcts were associated with frank aphasia or hemispatial neglect only if accompanied by cortical hypoperfusion. DESIGN/METHODS: We tested a series of 1471 patients on a battery of language tests (naming, comprehension, and repetition) for left hemisphere stroke patients or hemispatial neglect (line cancellation, a gap detection test, copying a scene) and visual and tactile extinction for right hemisphere stroke patients and obtained MRI scans with PWI within 48 hours of onset of stroke. Of these patients, we identified 8 patients with isolated left thalamic infarcts and 11 patients with isolated right thalamic infarcts. Volume of infarct and hypoperfusion were measured using Perfscape or ImageJ by a technician without prior knowledge of the cognitive scores. Spearman9s correlations were calculated between cognitive scores and volumes of infarct or hypoperfusion. RESULTS: There was no association between naming impairment and left cortical hypoperfusion by chi square; 3 of 8 patients with left thalamic infarcts had naming impairment, although only 2 had cortical hypoperfusion. However, 2/2 patients with comprehension deficit had cortical hypoperfusion (chi square=8; p=.008). Error rates in comprehension were not correlated with volume of infarct or volume of hypoperfusion. Only 2/ 11 patients with right thalamic infarcts had hemispatial neglect, and both had cortical hypoperfusion (chi square=11; p=.001). Deviation to the right on line bisection (indicating severity of neglect) was correlated with volume of thalamic lesion volume of cortical hypoperfusion (rho=.67; p=.02). CONCLUSIONS: Isolated left thalamic infarcts can cause naming impairment (perhaps via diaschisis) without cortical hypoperfusion, irrespective of lesion volume. However, thalamic neglect (and comprehension impairments) may be largely due to cortical hypoperfusion. Supported by: R01 DC 05375 and R01 NS047691 and R01 DC03681. Disclosure: Dr. Schein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sebastian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hillis has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Behavioural Neurology. Dr. Hillis has received research support from Allon Pharmaceutical.
An extremely high dietary iodide supply forestalls severe hypothyroidism in Na + /I − symporter (NIS) knockout mice

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active iodide (I−) accumulation in the thyroid, the first step in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. Mutations in the SLC5A5 gene encoding NIS that result in a non-functional protein lead to congenital hypothyroidism due to I− transport defect (ITD). ITD is a rare autosomal disorder that, if not treated promptly in infancy, can cause mental retardation, as the TH decrease results in improper development of the nervous system. However, in some patients, hypothyroidism has been ameliorated by unusually large amounts of dietary I−. Here we report the first NIS knockout (KO) mouse model, obtained by targeting exons 6 and 7 of the Slc5a5 gene. In NIS KO mice, in the thyroid, stomach, and salivary gland, NIS is absent, and hence there is no active accumulation of the NIS substrate pertechnetate (99mTcO4 −). NIS KO mice showed undetectable serum T4 and very low serum T3 levels when fed a diet supplying the minimum I− requirement for rodents. These hypothyroid mice displayed oxidative stress in the thyroid, but not in the brown adipose tissue or liver. Feeding the mice a high-I− diet partially rescued TH biosynthesis, demonstrating that, at high I− concentrations, I− enters the thyroid through routes other than NIS.
A Tight Upper Bound on the Spectral Radius of Bottleneck Matrices for Graphs

Abstract In this paper, we find a tight upper bound on the spectral radius of bottleneck matrices for graphs. We use this upper bound to find a tight lower bound on the algebraic connectivity of graphs in terms of the radius of the graph. We show that these lower bounds are an improvement on those found in [8] .
Sandostatin ® (SMS 201–995) in the Treatment of Acromegaly

Acromegaly, a disorder of excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion, is most commonly caused by a pituitary adenoma and is usually treated by surgical resection. However, as with other types of pituitary tumors, the cure rate usually reflects the size of the tumor, i.e., complete resection of a macroadenoma (>10 mm diameter) and cure occurs in only a minority. Additionally, a rare cause of acromegaly, pituitary stimulation by an ectopic tumor which secretes growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), may not be cured by surgical resection if metastases are present. Frequently patients with active disease following primary surgical therapy require additional treatment, either pituitary radiation or medical therapy. Since radiotherapy may not be effective for several years after the treatment, there is a need for other therapeutic modalities. Dopamine agonists, bromocriptine; lisuride, pergolide, have been used to treat acromegalics and are associated with symptomatic improvement despite incomplete suppression of GH secretion. Thus the development of another approach to a medical treatment of acromegaly is needed. Growth hormone secretion is primarily regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, GHRH which stimulates, and somatostatin which inhibits, release. The development of a long-acting somatostatin analog which acts more selectively on the somatotrope than on the pancreas is a theoretically ideal compound for medical therapy of acromegaly. Sandostatin® is an octapeptide somatostatin analog which may fulfill these criteria and is currently undergoing clinical trials in Europe and North America. We have treated 8 acromegalic patients with Sandostatin for up to 36 months and report the results here.
Preprocessing Complementarity Problems

Preprocessing techniques are extensively used in the linear and integer programming communities as a means to improve model formulation by reducing size and complexity. Adaptations and extensions of these methods for use within the complementarity framework are detailed and shown to be effective on practical models. The preprocessor developed is comprised of two phases. The first recasts a complementarity problem as a variational inequality over a polyhedral set and exploits the uncovered structure to fix variables and remove constraints. The second discovers information about the function and utilizes complementarity theory to eliminate variables. The methodology is successfully employed to preprocess several models.
Parent Training Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

A number of parent training programs for parents of children with ASD have been developed. An overview and rationale for why parent training for ASD differs from other childhood groups will be described. An overview of the major parent training methods used for ASD, the research to support them, and the effects achieved will be discussed.
Nanosecond Pulsed Breakdown for Point-Plane Geometries at Moderate Voltage

Gaseous breakdown in the sub-nanosecond regime is of interest for fast pulsed-power switching, short-pulse electromagnetics, ultra-wideband radar, and for plasma limiters1 to protect electronic devices from high-power microwaves. Previous work on sub-nanosecond breakdown2,3,4,5 concentrated on high-pressure gases or liquids, with applied voltages in excess of 100 kV for quasi-homogeneous electric fields. For practical applications and high-pressure gases as switching media, the required high voltages, along with the high-pressure setup, are technologically demanding. In this paper, we investigate breakdown in point-plane geometry, where the field enhancement is sufficient to provide breakdown for applied voltages of around 10 kV for gap distances between 0.5 to 4 mm. The setup uses transmission lines and fast sensors, which allow a simultaneous measurement of voltage and current across the gap and characterizations of current amplification time constants as a function of the applied instantaneous voltage.
Zeichnungs- und Werkstattfehler

Zeichnungs- und Werkstattfehler werden sich niemals ganz vermeiden lassen, doch durfte es bei einiger Aufmerksamkeit des Zeichensaals sowie der Werkstatt gelingen, die Zahl der Fehler auf ein Mindestmas zu beschranken. Um einer Wiederholung begangener Fehler vorzubeugen, wird man von Zeit zu Zeit die aufgefundenen Fehler den beteiligten Leuten mitteilen.
Tumor necrosis factor constellation polymorphism and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in two different ethnic groups.

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are associated with susceptibility to different immune and nonimmune mediated diseases. We had reported that the drug adverse reaction, clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CA), is associated with different HLA types and HSP70 variants in Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish patients, suggesting that a gene within the MHC region is associated with CA. This study was designed to find common genetic markers for this disorder in both ethnic groups. The tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) microsatellites d3 and b4 were found in higher frequencies in both Jewish and nonJewish patients: 51 of 66 (77%) and 48 of 66 (57%), respectively. Comparisons of these frequencies with those of controls, 28 of 66 (42%) and 18 of 66 (27%), were statistically significant (corrected P value = .001 for the d3 allele and .0005 for the b4 allele). On the other hand, the TNF microsatellite b5 was underrepresented in the group of patients, 9 of 66 (14%), when compared with the control subjects, 43 of 66 (65%) (corrected P value = .0005), probably related to protection from CA. Our results show a strong association of some genetic variants of the TNF loci with susceptibility to CA in two different ethnic groups suggesting involvement of TNF and/or associated gene(s) products in the pathogenesis of this hematologic-drug adverse reaction.
Validation of a thrombosis risk assessment model in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

8055Background: Within their first year of diagnosis, as many as 1 in 3 multiple myeloma (MM) patients will experience a venous thromboembolism (VTE). The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)...
For the Little Queers: Imagining Queerness in "New" Queer Children's Literature.

This article identifies and analyzes an emerging archive of children’s picture books that represent transgender and gender creative child characters. The subgenre of children’s literature is referr...
Executive Insights: A National Export Assistance Policy for New and Growing Businesses

This article is based on a speech delivered by the author to the National Economic Council in Washington, D.C. The White House-based council is charged with strengthening the competitive performanc...
A high-resolution mill pond record from eastern Virginia (USA) reveals the impact of past landscape changes and regional pollution history

Abstract Mill ponds appeared throughout the eastern United States following European settlement. Sedimentation in these systems records centuries of past landscape change. To date, mill ponds on the Atlantic Coastal Plain have received little attention, yet this region had the earliest colonial settlements. Mill ponds here also have potential to record geomorphic change and pollution histories at high-resolution because of easily erodible underlying unconsolidated sediments. This paper presents a c. 300-year record of sedimentation in Lake Matoaka, a former mill pond in Williamsburg, Virginia. We used lead (Pb) and cesium (Cs) isotopes (210Pb, 137Cs), Pb concentrations, stable Pb isotopes (206Pb/207Pb), and chronostratigraphic horizons to develop a chronology, which shows remarkably high sedimentation rates, ∼0.5 cm/yr. Sedimentological data including the analysis of organic matter, grain size, and elemental compositions, revealed past conditions within the lake and its watershed. These data are linked to the operation of the mill c. CE 1700–1910, changes in the dam structure, and other historic developments of the region. Tracing pollution history with 206Pb/207Pb showed mid-1800s atmospheric deposition from smelting of Upper Mississippi Valley district Pb ores, and a sharp maxima in total Pb of 134 μg/g in the 1970s from the peak use of leaded gasoline in North America. Mass accumulation rates climbed from c. 0.08 to 0.28 g/cm/yr during the 18th and 19th centuries from deforestation and agriculture, which is somewhat lower than sediment yields documented in other regions. We suggest that stream channel storage may buffer pond sedimentation within low gradient, coastal plain landscapes. This study contributes to the understanding of sedimentation in mill ponds for reconstructing historic landscape changes and regional pollution history.
The Evolution of Integrated Assessment: Developing the Next Generation of Use-Inspired Integrated Assessment Tools

In this review, we attempt to describe the evolution of integrated assessment modeling research since the pioneering work of William Nordhaus in 1994, highlighting a number of challenges and sugges...
Imperative Designated Values: Orthotes and Anarthotes

In the preceding chapter we argued that the logic of imperatives (i.e., mandates and prescription) is two-valued. We established that prescriptions have a semantical designated value analogous to truth, which we call Legitimacy or orthotes, in that it is both preserved by implication and preferred by practical attitudes of approval and endorsement. In this chapter we provide an account of that value, satisfying both the basic requirement of two-valuedness and the other criteria of adequacy set forth in Chapter 4, §6, as Prese. 11-Presc. 14. The account connects the semantical values of prescriptions both with the mechanisms of action and with the reasonableness of action.
Impact of climate change on navel orangeworm, a major pest of tree nuts in California

California's agricultural sector is the highest valued agricultural sector in the United States. It is also a global leader in the production of various specialty crops, including three major tree nuts - almond, walnut, and pistachio. These three nut crops accounted for approximately 16% of the state's total agricultural economy. Current and future changes in climate pose many challenges in agriculture and impacts related to increased pest pressure in agriculture due to elevated temperatures are significant. The navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is the most challenging pest of tree nuts in California and often cause a significant economic loss despite the careful implementation of multiple pest control tactics. Temperature variations can directly affect the developmental rates, behavior, and overall population dynamics of this pest, and it is critically important to understand these dynamics with respect to climate change. The objective of this study was to quantify changes in the timing and number of navel orangeworm generations in almonds, walnuts, and pistachios for the entire Central Valley of California using projections from ten general circulation models (GCMs) under two emission scenarios. The results suggest that navel orangeworm is likely to complete its life cycle much faster under climate change due to projected temperature increases. The results also suggest that under future climate change, navel orangeworm can complete one additional generation within the growing season and likely going to pose significant risks to these major nut industries in the future. Quantifying navel orangeworm generations and assessing risks to tree nuts under climate change can help facilitate and strategize integrated pest management (IPM) practices to the sustainability of the production systems by minimizing risks.
The paradox of grateful slaves revisited: how about female public managers?

Female employees generally show a higher level of job satisfaction than their male counterparts, although working conditions and rewards for female employees are usually inferior, and this is called a paradox of 'grateful slaves'. This study verified whether or not this paradox occurs among female public managers. With 790 public managers (female managers: 44%) in the USA, gender effects were examined on job satisfaction and work orientations among public managers. According to the results, female public managers showed a similar level of job satisfaction, but they had different work orientations, compared to their male counterparts.
Wilms Tumor: Challenges and Newcomers in Prognosis

Wilms tumor is the most common renal tumor of childhood. It is a biologically and morphologically diverse entity, with ongoing studies contributing to our understanding of the pathobiology of various subgroups of patients with Wilms tumor. The interplay of histologic examination and molecular interrogation is integral in prognostication and direction of therapy. This review provides an overview of some of the challenging aspects and pitfalls in pathologic assessment of Wilms tumor, along with discussion of current and up-and-coming markers of biological behavior with prognostic significance.
Revitalized Karuk and Yurok cultural burning to enhance California hazelnut for basketweaving in northwestern California, USA

Karuk and Yurok tribes in northwestern California, USA, are revitalizing the practice of cultural burning, which is the use of prescribed burns to enhance culturally important species. These cultural burns are critical to the livelihoods of indigenous peoples, and were widespread prior to the establishment of fire exclusion policies. One of the major objectives of cultural burning is to enhance California hazelnut (Corylus cornuta Marsh var. californica) basketry stem production for Karuk and Yurok basketweavers. To evaluate cultural burning as a form of human ecosystem engineering, we monitored hazelnut basketry stem production, qualities, and shrub density in 48 plots (400 m2) within two prescribed and 19 cultural burn sites. Socio-ecological variables that were analyzed included burn frequency, burn season, overstory tree (≥10 cm diameter at breast height) basal area, ungulate browse, and aspect. We also observed basketry stem gathering to compare travel distances, gathering rates, and basketweaver preferences across sites with different fire histories and land tenure. Hazelnut shrubs, one growing season post burn, produced a 13-fold increase in basketry stems compared with shrubs growing at least three seasons post burn (P < 0.0001). Basketry stem production and stem length displayed negative relationships with overstory tree basal area (P < 0.01) and ungulate browse (P < 0.0001). Plots burned at high frequency (at least three burn events from 1989 to 2019) had 1.86-fold greater hazelnut shrubs than plots experiencing less than three burn events (P < 0.0001), and were all located on the Yurok Reservation where land tenure of indigenous people is comparatively stronger. Basketweavers travelled 3.8-fold greater distance to reach gathering sites burned by wildfires compared with those that were culturally burned (P < 0.01). At cultural burn sites, wildfire sites, and fire-excluded sites, mean gathering rates were 4.9, 1.6, and 0.5 stems per minute per individual, respectively. Karuk and Yurok cultural fire regimes with high burn frequencies (e.g., three to five years) promote high densities of hazelnut shrubs and increase hazelnut basketry stem production. This improves gathering efficiency and lowers travel costs to support the revitalization of a vital cultural practice. Our findings provide evidence of positive human ecosystem engineering, and show that increasing tribal sovereignty over fire management improves socio-economic well-being while at the same time supports measures of ecosystem structure and function.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: a common zoonotic pathogen causing postprocedural urosepsis in humans

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common cause of zoonotic infections in dogs and cats. Recently, there has been an increasing number of infections being reported in humans caused by this organism. We report a case of complicated urinary tract infection in an elderly patient with recent bilateral ureteral stent placement caused by this organism with associated persistent high-grade bacteraemia.
Palliative Care Use for Critically Ill Patients With Brain Metastases.

Abstract Context Critically ill patients with brain metastases (BM) face significant uncertainty regarding prognosis and survival and can benefit from Palliative care (PC). However, research regarding the role of PC in this population is lacking. Objectives We sought to compare BM patients admitted to an intensive care unit who received an inpatient PC consult (PC cohort) to those who did not (Usual Care, UC cohort). Methods We performed a single-institution retrospective cohort analysis. Our outcome variables were mortality, time from intensive care unit admission to death, disposition, and change in code status. We also evaluated PC's role in complex medical decision making, symptom management and hospice education. Results PC consult was placed in 31 of 118 (28%) of patients. The overall mortality rates were not statistically different (78.8% vs. 90.3%, P= 0.15, UC vs. PC cohort). Patients in the PC cohort had a shorter time to death, higher rate of death within 30 days of admission, increased rate of discharge to hospice, and increase percentage of code status change to “do not attempt resuscitation” during the admission. The primary services provided by PC were symptom management (n = 21, 67.7%) and assistance in complex medical decision making (n = 20, 64.5%). Conclusion In our patient cohort, PC is an underutilized service that can assist in complex medical decision making and symptom management of critically ill BM patients. Further prospective studies surveying patient, family and provider experiences could better inform the qualitative impact of PC in this unique patient population.
Pharmacokinetics and Immunogenicity of Frunevetmab in Osteoarthritic Cats Following Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

Osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases are common causes of chronic pain in cats. Frunevetmab is a felinized monoclonal antibody that binds to nerve growth factor (NGF) and provides relief from pain by blocking the receptor-mediated signaling cascade induced by NGF. Results from three studies were combined to provide an overview of frunevetmab pharmacokinetics (PK) and immunogenicity. The objective of the first study was to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters resulting from intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration of frunevetmab to the feline patient population at 3 mg/kg. Ten adult cats with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis were administered frunevetmab in a crossover design at 28 day intervals. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of the plasma concentration-time data showed that the half-life was 10.1 ± 1.9 days after IV dosing and the SC bioavailability was 60.3 ± 15.8% with maximum drug levels observed at 3-7 days after dosing. Plasma samples were collected at ~28 days after dosing during two field safety and effectiveness studies of cats with degenerative joint disease. The doses ranged from 1.0 to 2.8 mg/kg; 2 or 3 doses were administered either SC/IV, SC/SC, or SC/SC/SC. The data from these studies along with the data from the laboratory pharmacokinetic study were analyzed using non-linear mixed-effects (NLME) modeling. The model closely predicted the trough concentrations from the two field studies, including the IV treatment in the pilot field study. The trough concentrations were predicted to be close to steady-state after 2 doses. A second objective was to determine the incidence and clinical relevance of frunevetmab immunogenicity. A three-tier anti-drug antibody assay (screen, confirm, titer) was developed and validated. Immunogenicity was assessed in 259 frunevetmab-treated animals enrolled in the two field studies. Only 4 of these animals (1.5%) appeared to develop immunogenicity to frunevetmab. None of the four exhibited adverse events attributed to immunogenicity and no impact on drug levels or efficacy was observed in three of the animals. In the placebo animals, 2.3% (3/131) appeared to develop treatment-emergent immunogenicity. Overall, frunevetmab administration resulted in a very low incidence of treatment-emergent immunogenicity with no safety findings and minimal effect on drug exposure and efficacy.
Regulating Hate Speech at Public Universities: Are First Amendment Values Functionally Incompatible with Equal Protection Principles?

The purpose of this article is to respectfully challenge the free speech position. Indeed, this article is principally directed at first amend­ment proponents, including members of the university community, who properly bristle at content and viewpoint discrimination and shiver when administrators exercise regulatory discretion in limiting expression of any kind. The article's objective is to convince these readers that hate speech on public property is not as immune from careful regulation as some first amendment defenders suggest. Significant restrictions on hate speech at public universities are consistent not only with current consti­tutional doctrine but also with those cases and principles typically en­dorsed, or at least respected, by civil libertarians. This article does not, however, endorse a categorical first amend­ment exception for hate speech. 10 Rather, it attempts to establish a middle ground position where hate speech, though generally protected, is subject to some regulation. Implicit in this position is the recognition that the extent to which hate speech may be restricted is limited, and that important distinctions must be drawn between different intra-campus lo­cations and contexts. This article also does not propose a model regulation that neatly identifies each instance where hate speech may be prohibited. Nor does it resolve the difficult problems of line-drawing and balancing that will necessarily be faced by administrators and judges if its thesis is accepted. The purpose of the article is a narrow one. It seeks to demonstrate that complex line-drawing and balancing are intrinsic and unavoidable parts of any first amendment analysis of speech restrictions on public univer­sity property. Part I of the article examines the restriction of racist speech on pub­lic university campuses under the Supreme Court's forum analysis. It evaluates the standards of review applied to the regulation of speech on public property serving specific purposes, and suggests how these rules should be applied to public universities. Part II discusses how this con­stitutional analysis changes when the expression to be regulated on pub­lic property arguably impairs or interferes with the implementation of other constitutional principles. This section seeks to reconcile the con­stitutional protection afforded freedom of speech with the equal protection guarantees of equal access and equal worth provided to suspect classes.
Probabilistic Analysis and Performance Modelling of the ‘Swedish’ Algorithm and Modifications

This paper presents an analysis of the Herlestam and Johannesson (“Swedish”) algorithm, which heuristically computes discrete logarithms in GF(2p) using an iterative procedure. An equivalent variation of the algorithm that allows a much cleaner, easier and algebraically more organized approach to the algorithm’s process is described. A further modification to the algorithm which yields specific performance improvements is given. Analysis of these methods is made through probability distributions which are appropriately selected to model the heuristic’s performance. The significance of the algorithm is addressed by further comparing these methods to a procedure in which movement between iterations is governed by a random process rather than by a directed criterion.
Association of G6PD202A,376G with lower haemoglobin concentration but not increased haemolysis in patients with sickle cell anaemia

The genetic bases of the highly variable degrees of anaemia and haemolysis in persons with Hb SS are not fully known, but several studies have indicated that G6PD deficiency is not a factor. The G6PD(202A) and G6PD(376G) alleles and alpha-thalassaemia were determined by molecular genetic testing in 261 children and adolescents with Hb SS in a multicentre study. G6PD(202A,376G) (G6PD A-) was defined as hemizygosity for both alleles in males and homozygosity in females. Among the participants 41% were receiving hydroxycarbamide. The prevalence of G6PD(202A,376G) was 13.6% in males and 3.3% in females with an overall prevalence of 8.7%. G6PD(202A,376G) was associated with a 10 g/l decrease in haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.008) but not with increased haemolysis as measured by lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, aspartate-aminotransferase, reticulocyte count or a haemolytic component derived from these markers (P > 0.09). Similar results were found within a sub-group of children who were not receiving hydroxycarbamide. By comparison, single and double alpha-globin deletions were associated with progressively higher haemoglobin concentrations (P = 0.005 for trend), progressively lower values for haemolytic component (P = 0.007), and increased severe pain episodes (P < 0.001). In conclusion, G6PD(202A,376G) may be associated with lower haemoglobin concentration in sickle cell anaemia by a mechanism other than increased haemolysis.
The Divergence in Reactivity of Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases of Escherichia coli with Hydroxylamine

Abstract Fourteen partially purified Escherichia coli aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases were tested for their rates of amino acid hydroxamate formation relative to the rates of aminoacyl-tRNA formation. Three groups of reactivity were observed: tyrosyl-, phenylalanyl-, tryptophanyl-, and methionyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze hydroxamate formation at rates comparable to those for aminoacyl-tRNA formation; with lysyl-, alanyl-, isoleucyl-, glycyl-, cysteinyl-, leucyl-, seryl-, and valyl-tRNA synthetases, the relative rates of hydroxamate formation progressively decrease; and glutaminyl- and threonyl-tRNA synthetases do not catalyze hydroxamate formation. In an unfractionated enzyme extract, threonine hydroxamate forms, but this is totally accounted for by the mistaken activation of threonine by the valyl-tRNA synthetase. Purified threonyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes hydroxamate formation only when tRNA is present, by catalyzing the formation of threonyl-tRNA, which reacts nonenzymatically with hydroxylamine. The mammalian threonyl-tRNA synthetase also fails to catalyze formation of threonine hydroxamate from amino acid and ATP.
VERTEBRAL HEART SCORES IN EIGHT DOG BREEDS

The vertebral heart score (VHS) measurement is commonly used to provide a more objective measurement of cardiomegaly in canines. However, several studies have shown significant breed variations from the value previously established by Buchanan and Bucheler (9.7 ± 0.5). This study describes VHS measurements in Pug, Pomeranian, Yorkshire Terrier, Dachshund, Bulldog, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, and Boston Terrier dog breeds. Dogs with two or three view thoracic radiographs, no subjective radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly, and no physical examination findings of heart murmurs or gallop rhythms were included in the study. The Pug, Pomeranian, Bulldog, and Boston Terrier groups were found to have a VHS significantly greater than 9.7 ± 0.5 (P < 0.00001, P = 0.0014, P < 0.0001, P < 0.00001, respectively). Body condition score (BCS) was found to have a significant effect on the VHS of Lhasa Apso group. Anomalous vertebrae in the thoracic column were associated with a significant increase in VHS of the Bulldog (P = 0.028) and Boston Terrier (P = 0.0004) groups. Thoracic depth to width ratio did not have a significant effect on VHS.
The Effects of Psychological Stressors on the Intestinal Microbiota

The stress response affects virtually every organ in the body and constitutes a coordinated behavioral and physiological response to potentially threatening stimuli that may be physiological or psychological in nature. There is a substantial amount of research focusing on how the stress response affects health, but relatively few studies have focused on the ability of the stress response to affect indigenous populations of bacteria in the intestines, referred to as the intestinal microbiota. Research from our lab, and from others, have demonstrated that psychological stressors early in the life span significantly changes the levels of different types of microbiota that are shed from the intestines in the stool. In our studies, stress in young rhesus monkeys, and even in the prenatal period, led to a significant reduction in the levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria shed in the stool. In rodents, prolonged restraint stress resulted in a significant overgrowth of aerobic microbiota, particularly Gram-negative aerobes, in the intestines. Interestingly, there is increasing evidence that alterations in the microbiota are associated with a variety of diseases that are known to be exacerbated during periods of psychological stress, including irritable bowel syndrome and the inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, our data provide a compelling rationale to test the hypothesis that stress-induced exacerbations of intestinal diseases are in part due to stress-induced alterations of the microbiota.
Dirac Cohomology for the Cubic Dirac Operator

Let \( \mathfrak{g} \) be a complex semisimple Lie algebra and let \( \mathfrak{r} \subset \mathfrak{g} \) be any reductive Lie subalgebra such that B∣ \( \mathfrak{r} \) is nonsingular where B is the Killing form of \( \mathfrak{g} \) . Let Z(r) and Z(g) be, respectively, the centers of the enveloping algebras of \( \mathfrak{r} \) and \( \mathfrak{r} \subset \mathfrak{g} \) . Using a Harish-Chandra isomorphism one has a homomorphism \( \eta :Z(\mathfrak{g}) \to Z(\mathfrak{r}) \) which, by a well-known result of H. Cartan, yields the the relative Lie algebra cohomology H(\( (\mathfrak{g},\mathfrak{r}) \).
The SISO LQG compensator for lightly damped structures

An analytical examination of the linear quadratic Gaussian compensator designed for lightly damped structures is conducted. The expensive and cheap control asymptotes of the linear quadratic regulator, and the dual Kalman filter, are derived. A useful form of the SISO LQG compensator is developed, which is utilized in the derivation of the SISO LQG asymptotes. Insight into the strengths and weaknesses of LQG compensators designed for controlled structures is developed through a rigorous examination of the compensator structure, and asymptotes for four distinct structural control topologies of a low order model of a beam.
Endotracheal compared with intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg of lignocaine. Measurement of arterial and venous levels.

Summary The arterial and venous concentrations differ quantitatively and temporally after the administration of lignocaine via any route. Hence, arterial and venous levels were studied simultaneously following intravenous and tracheal injection in dogs, at 5, 15, 30, 60 seconds and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes. Following intravenous injection, concentrations in the carotid artery were consistently higher for 60 seconds, the jugular vein levels were higher at 5 minutes and they were parallel thereafter. Following tracheal administration the highest arterial concentration was reached in 15 minutes and the highest venous levels at 5 minutes.
A Teaching Case on Financial Mediation for the Forensic Accountant

Abstract This paper presents an applied teaching case intendedfor use in a graduateforensic accounting course. In this case, readers obtain a qualitativefact patternfrom two differentperspectives regarding case specific perspectives. Readers also receive quantitative information that will require students to useprofessionaljudgment in thepreparation ofmarital lifestyle analysis. Key Words: Forensic Accounting; Marital Lifestyle Analysis; Expert Bias; Professional Objectivity I. Case Summary obligations. The preparation of such an analysis is important to the alimony and Forensic accountants are frequently engaged child support elements since a marriage is in matrimonial litigation to assist in the generally viewed as partnership by the court. valuation of a private company that is a In this case, it is the forensic accountant's component of the estate as well as the assignment to prepare an objective analysis preparation of a lifestyle analysis; these suitable for submission during the mediation
Correlative light and electron microscopy of mitotic cells in monolayer cultures.

Publisher Summary This chapter enumerates some of the issues that should be considered while using same-cell correlative light and electron microscopy (LM/EM) and describes the methods used to obtain ultrastructural information underlying mitotic events in vivo . The usefulness of the EM data obtained by same-cell correlative LM/EM depends on how accurately the behavior of interest was known up to the point of fixation. This uncertainty has been eliminated by the development and routine application of video-enhanced LM. Not only does video-enhanced LM produce high-resolution time-lapse sequences that can be manipulated by image processing but it also allows these sequences to be viewed immediately after the experiment. Corresponding advances in software development also make it possible to semiautomatically track the motion of a mitotic organelle, which provides a clear and nonbiased record of its behavior until the point of fixation. The three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructural information needed for a same-cell correlative LM/EM project can be derived by two methods, both of which require that the specimen are serially sectioned. In the first and still most popular method, the necessary information is obtained by examining a consecutive series of thin or semithick sections that totally encompass the area of interest. In the second method the information is obtained from one thick section by high or intermediate-voltage EM tomography.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma model of 3D organotypic tissue culture system with genetic modification of epithelial growth factor receptor and p120-catenin (1119.3)

Objectives: To evaluate whether our genetically (EGFR & p120ctn) modified 3D OTC esophageal epithelium resembles human ESCC. Methods: Four sets of OTC (5 per set) were obtained: control, p120ctn kn...
Attachment and growth of anchorage-dependent cells on a novel, charged-surface microcarrier under serum-free conditions.

The present study describes a novel microcarrier substrate consisting of a swellable, copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene, derivatized with trimethylamine. The co-polymer trimethylamine microcarriers support the growth of a number of different cell lines – Madin Darby Bovine Kidney, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney, Vero and Cos-7 – under serum-free conditions, and human diploid fibroblasts in serum-containing medium. Cells attach to the co- polymer trimethylamine microcarriers as rapidly as they attach to other charged-surface microcarriers (faster than they attach to collagen-coated polystyrene microcarriers) and spread rapidly after attachment. All of the cells examined grow to high density on the co- polymer trimethylamine microcarriers. Furthermore, cells are readily released from the surface after exposure to a solution of trypsin/EDTA. In this respect, the co-polymer trimethylamine microcarriers are different from other charged-surface microcarriers. Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells grown on this substrate support production of vaccine strain infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus as readily as on other charged-surface or collagen-coated microcarriers. Thus, the co-polymer trimethylamine microcarriers combine the positive characteristics of the currently available charged-surface and adhesion-peptide coated microcarriers in a single product. The viral vaccine production industry is undergoing considerable change as manufacturers move toward complete, animal product-free culture systems. This novel substrate should find application in the industry, especially in processes which depend on viable cell recovery.
Can a Single Country Increase the Taxes of Multinational Corporations? Evidence from the Impact of the 1993 Corporate Tax Rate Increase on Fortune 500 Companies

There is a debate in the literature about the ability of multinational corporations to use legal mechanisms, such as transfer pricing and intercompany debt, to prevent any one country from meaningfully increasing effective tax rates (ETRs) on corporations. Evidence suggests that tremendous shifting of profits across borders is occurring, leading to calls for significant policy responses. At the same time, multinational companies are also observed relocating their headquarters or reincorporating in foreign jurisdictions, at least in part for tax reasons. This has led many to claim that international tax in a globalized world has devolved into a race to the bottom. In response, multinational organizations such as the OECD and G-20 have called for increased multilateralism and cooperation as the last, best hope for the international tax regime. Yet, to date little has been written on the extent to which any one, single country can meaningfully increase taxes on multinational companies unilaterally through changes in rate. We contribute to this literature by designing an empirical study of whether and to what extent a largely unanticipated tax rate increase in a single country affects the ultimate tax liability of multinational corporations. We do so by examining how an actual increase in corporate tax rates in the United States impacted worldwide cash taxes for Fortune 500 companies. Using the 1 percent corporate tax rate increase enacted in 1993, which was enacted for one year without any accompanying base changes, we find that this rate increase led to an increase in worldwide cash taxes reported by multinational companies across the board. We include a number of case studies to further explore the implications of this tax increase. These case studies support the contention that little tax avoidance occurred immediately in response to the increase in the tax rate.
Histopathology and pathogenesis of caerulein-, duct ligation-, and arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL6 mice

Three classical rodent models of acute pancreatitis were created in an effort to identify potential pre-clinical models of drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) and candidate non-invasive biomarkers for improved detection of DIP. Study objectives included designing a lexicon to minimize bias by capturing normal variation and spontaneous and injury-induced changes while maintaining the ability to statistically differentiate degrees of change, defining morphologic anchors for novel pancreatic injury biomarkers, and improved understanding of mechanisms responsible for pancreatitis. Models were created in male Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL6 mice through: 1) administration of the cholecystokinin analog, caerulein; 2) administration of arginine; 3) surgical ligation of the pancreatic duct. Nine morphologically detectable processes were used in the lexicon; acinar cell hypertrophy; acinar cell autophagy; acinar cell apoptosis; acinar cell necrosis; vascular injury; interstitial edema, inflammation and hemorrhage; fat necrosis; ductal changes; acinar cell atrophy. Criteria were defined for scoring levels (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) for each lexicon component. Consistent with previous studies, histopathology scores were significant greater in rats compared to mice at baseline and after treatment. The histopathology scores in caerulein and ligation-treated rats and mice were significantly greater than those of arginine-treated rats and mice. The present study supports a multifaceted pathogenesis for acute pancreatitis in which intra-acinar trypsinogen activation, damage to acinar cells, fat cells, and vascular cells as well as activation/degranulation of mast cells and activated macrophages all contribute to the initiation and/or progression of acute inflammation of the exocrine pancreas.