cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous Measurement of the Elastic Properties of the Human Femoral Artery

Measurements of human femoral arterial wall properties have been obtained transcutaneously in a group of males who were clinically free of arteriosclerosis obliterans. The patients were divided into three groups according to age: under 35, 35-60, and over 60 years. Diameter and changes in diameter were measured using an ultrasonic echo-tracking system. Arterial pulse pressure was determined by the auscultatory method. The results suggest that arteries become stiffer with age. The pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) varied from 2.6 ± 0.3 sem x 106 dynes/cm2 in the young group to 6.3 ± 1.0 sem x 106 dynes/cm2 in the old group. These values are similar to those reported by other investigators using invasive and in vitro technics. Although statistical comparisons indicate a significant difference between groups, there was considerable variation within the groups. Not infrequently, values for Ep obtained from individuals in the oldest group fell well within the range of the values obtained in the young group.
Critical evaluation of pancreatic masses

Evaluation of a patient with a pancreatic mass on a CT or MRI requires consideration of the gender and age of the patient, presenting symptoms, quality of the imaging study performed and relevant medical history. CT is generally preferred over MRI for suspected pancreatic cancer but MRI is best considered for evaluation of ductal anatomy and possible cystic neoplasms. EUS should be considered when further characterization of morphology or tissue sampling is required.
Effect of hippocampal and neocortical ablation on scopolamine-induced activity in the rat.

To test the hypothesis that the hippocampus may be an important site of action for anticholinergic drugs, scopolamine was administered to rats with hippocampal lesions produced by aspiration and to appropriate control groups, and their activity measured. The experimental design was a four-way analysis of variance with three lesion groups, three drug levels, eight measurements in a two-hour session, and four weeks. At the two higher drug doses (0.20 and 1.0 mg/kg), rats with hippocampal or cortical lesions had significantly greater activity than the sham operates (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). A group of Ss with electrolytic hippocampal lesions tested at 0.20 mg/kg scopolamine had transitory activity increases. Therefore the hippocampus is not necessary for the motor activating effects of the drug nor is its ablation unique in producing increases in drug-induced activity.
New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields.
Fundamentals of Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TW IMS) is a new IMS method implemented in the Synapt IMS/mass spectrometry system (Waters). Despite its wide adoption, the foundations of TW IMS were only qualitatively understood and factors governing the ion transit time (the separation parameter) and resolution remained murky. Here we develop the theory of TW IMS using derivations and ion dynamics simulations. The key parameter is the ratio (c) of ion drift velocity at the steepest wave slope to wave speed. At low c, the ion transit velocity is proportional to the squares of mobility (K) and electric field intensity (E), as opposed to linear scaling in drift tube (DT) IMS and differential mobility analyzers. At higher c, the scaling deviates from quadratic in a way controlled by the waveform profile, becoming more gradual with the ideal triangular profile but first steeper and then more gradual for realistic profiles with variable E. At highest c, the transit velocity asymptotically approaches the wave speed. ...
Platelet count--to wait or not to wait? That is the question.

Disclosure Statement Dr. Sethi serves as an Associate Editor of The Eastern Journal of Medicine. Dear Sir, I read with interest the recent study by Breuer et al. [1] .The authors conclude that as baseline thrombocytopenia is very rare in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke, waiting for the platelet count (PC) causes an unsubstantiated delay of thrombolysis therapy. While this may well be true, the decision to initiate or withhold intravenous thrombolysis while awaiting the PC should ideally be made on a case-tocase basis after consideration of a composite of factors such as the age of the patient, absolute PT and INR values, CT findings, Published online: August 14, 2013
An investigation of bidirectional translocation in the Phloem.

Patterns of (14) CO(2) , assimilate movement in Vicia jaba plants having 7 nodes were studied. Bidirectional translocation occurred throughout most of the stem length when tracer was applied to leaves of various ages. To determine whether this bidirectional translocation occurs within single sieve tubes, a O.1 % solution of the fluorescent dye K-fluorescein was applied to a lightly scraped area on the stem in the middle of a young internode. After one hour the dye was present short distances above and below the treated area. Free-hand sections of the internode showed the dye to be localized in the traces of the larger leaves below tbe treated area and in the traces of the younger leaves above the treated area. The dye was never present in the same bundle both above and below the treated area, indicating that each bundle and sieve tube translocated the dye in only one direction. These results were confirmed using Phaseolus vulgaris, Vinca rosea, and Pelargonium hortum. A similar study in which petioles of young Ecballium elaterium leaves were treated showed that usually the phloem of one bundle translocated the dye in only one direction but in some cases the external phloem of the bicollateral bundles carried the dye toward the stem while the internal phloem carried the dye toward the blade. When longer time intervals were used in all these experiments, the dye sometimes appeared in the same phloem areas both above and below the treated area. This is explained by a lateral transfer of tracer within the phloem, either through secondary phloem or through bundle anastomoses at the nodes.
Use of ‘velocity projection’ to estimate the variation of sea-surface height from HF Doppler radar current measurements

Abstract The technique of ‘velocity projection’ (J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 6973) is used to estimate the sea-surface height field and its change over time from measurements of surface velocity made using a shore-based HF Doppler radar over a 30×30-km region of the continental shelf located near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay (USA). Projected current profiles are compared with measured currents from an array of acoustic Doppler current profilers, and the consistency and sensitivity of the projections to model assumptions are also examined. Using projected values of the local surface slope, a model sea-surface η(x,y) is least-squares fit over the study region at each measurement time. The error associated with these fits provides an internal check on the validity of the projection results. The slope of the model sea-surface shows a set-up toward the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay during downwelling-favorable winds and a counterclockwise rotation over the tidal cycle that is consistent with linear, shallow-water dynamics. A time series of sea-level difference extracted from the η maps shows a dominant M2 tidal signal that compares well with measurements of bottom pressure made at two moorings. With proper attention to limits of applicability, such projection-based sea-surface slope fields (as well as other projection results) may be useful in diagnostic calculations or as nowcasts for use with prognostic models.
Surface presentation of LPS is sufficient for initiation of signaling events

The activation of phagocytic leukocytes by LPS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis. The identification of CD14 as a mediator of LPS-inducible signal transduction was a crucial event in understanding the mechanism by which LPS-induced cellular activation occurs. CD14, a 55 kDa glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein present on the surface of phagocytic leukocytes, has been shown to bind LPS and to mediate cellular activation. While it is generally agreed that the interaction between lipid A and CD14 is central to cellular activation by LPS, details of the downstream events which follow remain obscure. The CD11/CD18 integrins are a second group of LPS receptors. The observation that CD11/CD18 could enable LPS responsiveness independent of CD14 when expressed on the surface of CHO cells suggested that the ability of CD14 to participate in the LPS signaling cascade was not unique. We hypothesized that the common function shared by these two LPS receptors was their abilit...
Changes in phenol-soluble nuclear proteins correlated with puff induction in Drosophila hydei

Abstract Two nonhistone chromosomal proteins accumulate in the nucleus of Drosophila hydei salivary glands coincident with specific puff formation. A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 appears in the nucleus with the induction of both the ecdysone puffs and puff II-48C. This protein appears to be associated with transcription in general or the phenomenon of puff formation. A protein with a molecular weight of 46,000 accumulates in salivary glands with the induction of II-48C but not with the induction of ecdysone puffs.
Contributors to HMGB1 Release by Urothelial Carcinoma Cells in Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Purpose: Our group previously noted that HMGB1 release by urothelial carcinoma cells occurs as a consequence of bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced nonapoptotic cell death. Additional studies demonstrated that HMGB1 release in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin is required for the in vivo tumor response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. We evaluated the steps required for HMGB1 release by human urothelial carcinoma cells in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin exposure.Materials and Methods: We used the T24 and 253J human urothelial carcinoma cell lines. HMGB1 concentrations in cell culture supernatant with and without bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment served as the principal end point to assess the role of potentially involved variables. Specific techniques were used to determine the role of α5β1 antigen receptor cross-linking, TLR signaling, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression/nitric oxide production, p21 expression, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin adherence, internalization and viability.Results: Cross-...
HISTOCHEMISTRY OF LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE IN HEART AND PECTORALIS MUSCLES OF RAT

Left-ventricular heart muscle and pectoralis major muscle of the rat were studied to determine the intracellular localization of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes. Fixation of tissue for 2 hr in 2% buffered formaldehyde provided the best preservation of the ultrastructure and enzyme activity. Total LDH activity was found diffusely in the ground substance of the sarcoplasm and in the mitochondria of the heart muscle. In skeletal muscle a strong reaction was noted in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and moderate activity was seen in the ground substance of the sarcoplasm and in the mitochondria. Differentiation of the isoenzymes of LDH was accomplished by addition of 4 M urea or application of heat. Heart-type isoenzymes were mainly localized in the mitochondria and sarcoplasm, whereas muscle-type isoenzymes were localized mainly in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle. It is speculated that the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle is the site of anaerobic glycolysis and that the sarcoplasm and mitochondria are involved primarily in aerobic metabolism of pyruvate.
The yeast high mobility group protein HMO2, a subunit of the chromatin-remodeling complex INO80, binds DNA ends

DNA damage is a common hazard that all cells have to combat. Saccharomyces cerevisiae HMO2 is a high mobility group protein (HMGB) that is a component of the chromatin-remodeling complex INO80, which is involved in double strand break (DSB) repair. We show here using DNA end-joining and exonuclease protection assays that HMO2 binds preferentially to DNA ends. While HMO2 binds DNA with both blunt and cohesive ends, the sequence of a single stranded overhang significantly affects binding, supporting the conclusion that HMO2 recognizes features at DNA ends. Analysis of the effect of duplex length on the ability of HMO2 to protect DNA from exonucleolytic cleavage suggests that more than one HMO2 must assemble at each DNA end. HMO2 binds supercoiled DNA with higher affinity than linear DNA and has a preference for DNA with lesions such as pairs of tandem mismatches; however, comparison of DNA constructs of increasing length suggests that HMO2 may not bind stably as a monomer to distorted DNA. The remarkable ability of HMO2 to protect DNA from exonucleolytic cleavage, combined with reports that HMO2 arrives early at DNA DSBs, suggests that HMO2 may play a role in DSB repair beyond INO80 recruitment.
Effect of bulk compressibility on the stiffness of cylindrical base isolation bearings

Abstract The seismic design technique based on mounting building structures on horizontally flexible foundations is becoming popular. The horizontal flexibility accompanied by a very high vertical stiffness is well realized by multilayered elastomeric bearings made of interleaved steel plates and rubber slices. The rubber is vulcanized to the steel to ensure bond. Several design expressions for such pads were already proposed. However, these expressions either consider the rubber incompressible or they account for compressibility by an ad hoc modified formula. In this paper, the governing equations for the pressure in a rubber slice of arbitrary cross section are presented. The solution is carried out for the circular shape and compared to experimental results. It was found that the formula for the compressive stiffness of those bearings developed here by including the effect of bulk compressibility predicts very accurately the measured stiffness. The classically used formula that ignores the rubber compressibility yielded exaggerated over-estimation of the compression modulus. The ad hoc modified formula gave closer results but was still inaccurate. An expression derived from the exact solution and a simplified form are herein provided to replace the ad hoc modified formula and the expression that ignores rubber compressibility.
Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Cocoa Pod Borer Moth, Conopomorpha Cramerella

Abstract Two new unambiguous synthesis routes for the components of the sex pheromone of the cocoa pod borer. Conopomorpha Cramerella (Snellen), are successfully developed.
Impact of Environmental Policies in the Hog‐Pork Sector on Trade and Market Welfare in North America

The objective of this study is to design a framework to assess trade patterns and market welfare (Marshallian measures of producer and consumer surpluses plus government payments) under various combinations of agricultural, environmental and trade policies. To reach this objective, an environmental model, EPIC, is linked to a model of the North American hog-pork sector. The reduction in Quebec inventories, following the implementation of environmental policies, triggers a decrease of Canadian live hog exports to the U.S. and an increase of U.S. pork exports to Canada. Environmental policies are responsible for decreases in welfare. The decrease in welfare is the largest when a moratorium in North America is simulated. Since trade liberalization has a positive impact on welfare, the welfare decrease from a moratorium is somewhat attenuated under free trade conditions. L‘objectifde cette etude est de concevoir une mthode pour evaluer l'impact de differentes politiques environmentales sur les ehanges commerciaux et le bien-etre economique (surplus du consommateur et du producteur additionnes des paiements gouvernementaux) sans l'evaluation monetaire d'un changement dans la qualite de l'environnement. Un modele environmental est jumelee un mode le economique du secteur du porc nord americain. Suite e l‘implantation de politiques environmentales, les inventaires de porc diminuent au Quebec, ce qui engendre une diminution des exportations de porc vivant du Canada vers les Etats-Unis et une augmentation des exportations de porc en coupe des Etats-Unis vers le Canada. Le bien-etre economique diminue lors de l‘implantation de politiques environ-nementales. Cette diminution est attenuee par la liberalisation des echanges
Acidic mesoporous silica for the catalytic conversion of fatty acids in beef tallow

Propylsulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica materials were synthesized using a co-condensation technique. The catalytic performance of the resulting acidic mesoporous materials was evaluated in the methanol esterification of free fatty acids in beef tallow as a pretreatment step for alkyl ester production. The multicycle stability of the acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalysts was studied. Issues concerning impurities in the feedstocks as well as a means of improving performance of the acidic solid catalyst through alternative strategies are discussed. Introduction of a hydrophobic group into the organosulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst significantly enhanced the catalytic performance of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts was compared to commercially available homogeneous and heterogeneous acidic catalysts.
Social background and social context effects on young men's idleness transitions

Abstract Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are used to assess racial and ethnic differences in the determinants of entering inactivity for 1731 initially active young men. These findings indicate that social context variables play a moderate role in explaining weak labor force attachment among nonwhite youth, but are relatively less important for white youth. On the other hand, the effects of social background characteristics are significant determinants of white youth idleness and less important for nonwhite youth—especially for black youth. Moreover, black–white differences in the effects of social background and social context are large and statistically significant. Local opportunity structure and individual human capital characteristics have large effects on the inactivity of youth as a whole.
Dynamic model of onset and propagation of fracture

A two-dimensional model of steady-state crack propagation, in which the stress acting on the fracture surface includes a dissipative term, exhibits a dissipation-dependent effective threshold for fracture. The crack creeps very slowly at external stresses just above the Griffith threshold, and makes an abrupt transition to propagation at roughly the Rayleigh wave speed at higher stresses. When heating due to dissipation is taken into account, the model may exhibit a maximum in the crack propagation speed as a function of applied stress.
Hydrogen Bonding Contribution to Lipophilicity Parameters. Hydrogen Acceptor and Hydrogen Acceptor Donor Parameters

In our analysis of the composition of lipophilicity parameters by the intermolecular force (IMF) model we have made use of n H , the number of OH and/or NH bonds, as a measure of the hydrogen donor capacity of a substituent; and n n , the number of lone pairs on O and/or N atoms in the substituent, as a measure of the hydrogen acceptor capacity of the substituent. The basis of this method is the reasonable assumption that in 55.6 molar water hydrogen bonding is maximized. The method does not account however for differences in the energy of different types of hydrogen bonds, but further assumes that these differences are to a first approximation negligible. In order to improve the model we have defined a scale of group hydrogen bonding acceptor parameters, n X H A , and overall hydrogen bond parameters n X H A D from the water/1-octanol partition coefficients of AkX where Ak is alkyl. These parameters should account for both the extent of hydrogen bonding in water and for the difference in hydrogen bond energies of the various types of hydrogen bonds encountered. Correlations of log P values for Ph(CH 2 ) n X, X 1 (CH 2 )X Z , and substituted amino acids Xaa with the IMF equation using the n X H A and n X H A D parameters demonstrated their use. Correlation of log P values for PhX suggested that for many groups separate sets of n X H A and n X H A D values are required when they are bonded to sp 2 hybridized carbon rather than sp 3 hybridized carbon.
A simple graphic for assessing influence in regression G

The leverage-residual plot (L–R plot) is a graphical display of the leverage and residual values for each case in a regression which facilitates the examination of the relative influences of cases under different influence measures. This plot is also useful in attributing the cause of high influence in a case to its leverage, its residual, or their combined effect. The ability to analyze and compare the various single-case influence measures is a by-product of the L-R plot.
The SLATEC mathematical subroutine library

The SLATEC Common Mathematical Subroutine Library is an experiment in resource sharing by the computing departments of several Department of Energy Laboratories. The objective is to cooperatively assemble and install at each site a mathematical subroutine library characterized by portability, good numerical technology, good documentation, robustness, and quality assurance. The result is a portable Fortran mathematical subroutine library of over 130,000 lines of code.Much of the following report is based on [1], a chapter to be included in a forthcoming book about mathematical software.
Carney's Complex

![Figure][1] A 22-year-old man with a palpable pelvic mass was admitted with left-sided weakness. Head computed tomography (CT) revealed right posterocerebral infarction (A) . Pelvic CT unveiled an extensive retroperitoneal soft tissue mass (B) . Echocardiography demonstrated a left atrial
Observations on the Daily Changes in Venous Pressure and Weight in a Case of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

A study of the effect of salt administration and digitalis withdrawal as separate factors in the production of congestive heart failure in the same patient is presented. The results indicate two different types of congestive failure relating to these modes of precipitation. Additional information is obtained as to the temporal precedence of weight and venous pressure in congestive heart failure induced by the aforementioned methods.
Role of Male Parental Care in Survival of Larval Bluegills

Abstract Mortality of larval bluegills Lepomis macrochirus from predation was measured in 56 nests guarded by males and 21 nests from which the male guard was removed. Mortality was significantly greater in unguarded nests (median = 68%) than in guarded nests (median = 14%). Fish traps placed in unguarded nests captured significantly more predators than traps placed in guarded nests. Bluegills (3–12 cm total length) were the most abundant nest predators. Pumpkinseeds Lepomis gibbosus (7–11 cm), largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (4–5 cm), and whitefin shiners Notropis niveus (5–6 cm) also were nest predators. Nest preparation by male bluegills exposed coarse gravel (8–32 mm diameter) and pebbles (32–64 mm) in nest substrate and removed particles smaller than 2 mm. Particles larger than 8 mm provided suitable interstitial space to accommodate bluegill larvae. Survival of larvae was directly correlated with the proportion of coarse substrate in the nest.
Design of preparative regimens for stem cell transplantation in breast cancer

We have evaluated tandem cycles of a tri-drug combination, termed CVP (cyclophosphamide, etoposide [VP-16], and cisplatin [Platinol]), at four levels in more than 300 patients with various types of tumors. Tandem CVP appears to be at least therapeutically equivalent to alternatives. A second potentially noncross-resistant combination of mitoxantrone and thiotepa (MT), with or without etoposide, has been used in sequence following CVP to improve long-term, disease-free survival in patients who have multiple metastatic sites, who relapse shortly after adjuvant therapy, or who show other unfavorable clinical features. A combination of MT and etoposide (MVT) achieved an overall response rate of 61% in 32 patients with metastatic or refractory breast cancer. The etoposide was then eliminated to decrease the major toxicities of this regimen. MT was subsequently given to 37 evaluable patients prior to bone marrow infusion. The overall response rate was 48.5%. Thirty patients with metastatic breast cancer were then treated with induction therapy, a cycle of CVP, and then a cycle of MT. Given the low complete remission (CR) rate to induction therapy in these patients, the CR rate achieved with CVP-MT was encouraging. Further studies are ongoing.
Partial caudal duplication in a newborn associated with meningomyelocele and complex heart anomaly.

Background Caudal duplication is a spectrum of rare congenital anomalies with a possible heterogeneous pathogenesis including incomplete separation of monovular twins. Methods We report an autopsy case of a full-term infant with incomplete caudal duplication syndrome associated with multiple anomalies. Results These anomalies included a duplicated penis; double urinary bladder with an attenuated tunica muscularis; duplication of lower bowel with two ilia, appendices and colons; colonic hypogangliosis and left imperforated anus associated with rectourethral fistula. Other anomalies consisted of sacral meningomyelocele, sacral duplication with hypoplastic left sacrum and pelvic bones, muscle atrophy and hypoplasia of the left lower extremity, abnormal lobation of liver with stomach entrapment, omphalocele, and right atrial isomerism syndrome. The complex pattern of anomalies suggests the possibility that partial caudal duplication might be part of the spectrum of conjoined twinning.
Treatment Compliance after Detoxification among Highly Disadvantaged Alcoholics

An outcome study was carried out on a series of 109 highly disadvantaged alcoholics discharged from the detoxification unit of a large municipal hospital in New York City. We examined the impact of a variety of clinical and demographic factors on retention in the initial phases of outpatient and inpatient treatment following discharge. Both high school completion and a history of at least 6 months of employment in the two years preceding admission correlated with frequency of registration for continued aftercare. Measurements of cognitive flexibility correlated with frequency of aftercare completion. An association strongly approaching significance was also found between length of hospital stay and aftercare completion. Some suggestions are made as to the assessment and aftercare planning for highly disadvantaged alcoholics.
Light scattering from albumins

Abstract In light scattering data of albumins, one distinguishes a large broad band from the normal Raman lines. That broad band in ovuline albumin is shown to have a pseudo-Raman behavior.
Gap or Gaps: Challenging the Singular Definition of the Achievement Gap

For decades, researchers examined the “achievement gap” between minority and nonminority students. This singular definition of achievement gap ignores important within-group differences. This article uses National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88) data to examine within-group differences and compares those across Latino, African American, and White populations. Results question the singular definition of achievement gap. Given the importance of how issues are defined, a singular definition of achievement gap may mean current policies miss the mark in raising achievement levels between and within groups.
Movement of Pink Shrimp in Relation to the Tortugas Sanctuary

Abstract More than 42,000 adult and juvenile pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) were tagged and released on the Tortugas (Florida) fishing grounds in 1982-1983 in order to study shrimp movement in relation to the Tortugas sanctuary. For the first time, returns per unit of effort were used in addition to conventional vector analysis to indicate the direction of shrimp movement. Many pink shrimp migrated north and west from the sanctuary to recruit to the fishery. Results supported the historical movement patterns that formed the basis for the establishment of the sanctuary.
Diagrams: a functional EDSL for vector graphics

diagrams is a domain-specific language for creating vector graphics. We will give a short diagrams tutorial/demo, particularly highlighting the power of a functional, embedded domain-specific language.
Double rewriting for equivalential reasoning in ACL2

Several users have had problems using equivalence-based rewriting in ACL2 because the ACL2 rewriter caches its results. We describe this problem in some detail, together with a partial solution first implemented in ACL2 Version 2.9.4. This partial solution consists of a new primitive, double--rewrite, together with a new warning to suggest possible use of this primitive.
Reactivity and chemical characterization of effluent organic nitrogen from wastewater treatment plants determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Abstract In advanced wastewater treatment plants that achieve high levels of nitrogen (N) removal, up to one-third of the N in effluent is organic, herein referred to as effluent organic N (EON). While we know that inorganic N is highly labile, it is unclear what fraction of EON is bioavailable. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of a method that can be used to examine the reactivity of EON in natural receiving waters to better understand both the ecosystem response and the potential bioavailability of EON. The technique is suitable for analyzing polar organic matter in natural waters; electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Bioassays were performed on samples collected at the end of the biological process from two wastewater treatment plants achieving advanced N removal. The samples were concentrated, and then added to natural water samples collected from the oligohaline James River, a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Our results demonstrate that while the lignin-like fraction of the effluent dissolved organic matter (some of which contains N) was conserved, a large portion of aliphatic and aromatic compounds containing N was removed (79–100%) during incubations, while other compounds were produced. Furthermore, the two effluents exhibited differences in the degree of degradation and type of degradation, which can be related both to the various processes employed in the two WWTPs and the dramatic differences in the type of influent they received. These findings suggest that EON is highly reactive in the natural environment and that simple assays examining net consumption or production of bulk dissolved organic N pools are inadequate for assessing the bioavailability of EON.
A Subanalgesic Dose of Morphine Eliminates Nalbuphine Anti-analgesia in Postoperative Pain

Abstract The agonist-antagonist κ-opioid nalbuphine administered for postoperative pain produces greater analgesia in females than in males. In fact, males administered nalbuphine (5 mg) experience pain greater than those receiving placebo, suggesting the existence of an anti-analgesic effect. These sexually dimorphic effects on postoperative pain can be eliminated by coadministration of a fixed ratio of the prototypical opioid receptor antagonist naloxone with nalbuphine, implying a role for opioid receptors in the anti-analgesic as well as analgesic effects of nalbuphine. In the present study, we further evaluated the role of opioid receptors in the sex-specific effects on pain produced by nalbuphine by coadministering a dose of morphine low enough that it does not produce analgesia. After extraction of bony impacted third molar teeth, nalbuphine (5 mg) was administered alone or in combination with either of 2 low doses of morphine (2 mg or 4 mg). Both doses of morphine reversed nalbuphine-induced anti-analgesia in males, but only the lower dose (2 mg) reached statistical significance. Neither dose affected nalbuphine-induced analgesia in females, and when administered alone in either males or females, morphine (2 mg) had no analgesic effect. Though not observed in females, the effect of morphine in males argues that, like naloxone, low-dose morphine may act as an anti-analgesia opioid receptor antagonist. Perspective Previously, we reported that the nalbuphine produces both analgesic and anti-analgesic effects and that the opioid antagonist naloxone can enhance nalbuphine analgesia by selectively antagonizing the anti-analgesic effect. Here we show that morphine, given in a subanalgesic dose, reverses nalbuphine-induced anti-analgesia in males, perhaps by a similar mechanism.
Lonergan and Integral Development

The dichotomy engendered by the hegemony of globalization as economic growth over other aspects of globalization calls for an integration that accounts for development and globalization as a phenomenon or a process that encompasses the reality of the various aspects of the human being, society, peoples, and institutions. This work examines how Lonergan’s philosophical anthropology promotes the concept of integral development as one of the ways of integrating the different forms of globalization so as to benefit the human person and to enhance the development and progress of nations.
Mass of 18 Mg(g.s.)

We use a potential model, together with spectroscopic factors from a combination of weak coupling and a shell-model calculation, to compute the mass of the ground state of ${}^{18}$Mg, considered as a mirror of ${}^{18}$C. The result is ${E}_{2p}=3.87\left(10\right)\mathrm{MeV}$.
Application of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Properties of TiO2 Electrodes

A synergistic combination of nanostructure synthesis and surface engineering was used to enhance photoelectrochemical activity of TiO2 photoanodes. Titania (TiO2) nanotubular arrays were synthesized by electrochemical anodization of Ti thin foils. A combination of atmospheric-pressure helium plasma and nitrogen exposure was used to modify the surface properties of TiO2 nanotubes. The photocurrent from plasma treated samples was approximately 25% higher than untreated samples. This increase in photoactivity could be ascribed to (1) increased absorption of visible light due to bandgap reduction, (2) efficient charge separation, (3) production of optimal oxygen vacancies, and (4) increased surface area and hence enhanced electrode-electrolyte area to provide maximum optical adsorption and efficient charge transfer. The diffused reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR-UV-Vis) absorption spectra indicated a marginal increase in absorbance for the plasma treated samples in the visible region suggesting a change in surface electronic structure even though bulk electronic properties remain unchanged during plasma treatment.
Insensitivity of large rat adipocytes to the antilipolytic effects of insulin.

The ability of insulin to inhibit epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis was compared in large and small rat adipocytes. Large cells were obtained from older, obese animals (
Control of a flexible space robot executing a docking maneuver

This paper is concerned with a flexible space robot executing a docking maneuver with a target whose motion is not known a priori. The dynamical equations of the space robot are first derived by means of Lagrange's equations and then separated into two sets of equations suitable for rigid-body maneuver and vibration suppression control. For the rigid-body maneuver, on-line feedback tracking control is carried out by means of an algorithm based on Lyapunov-like methodology and using on-line measurements of the target motion. For the vibration suppression, LQR feedback control in conjunction with disturbance compensation is carried out by means of collocated sensor/actuator pairs dispersed along the flexible arms. Problems related to the digital implementation of the control algorithms, such as the bursting phenomenon and system instability, are discussed and a modified discrete-time control scheme is developed. A numerical example demonstrates the control algorithms. OME of the functions of a space robot are to deploy or retrieve free-flying payloads and to service orbiting spacecraft. Under consideration is a robot with long flexible arms, such as in the case of the remote manipulator in the Space Shuttle. An example of such a space robot is shown in Fig. 1. The robot consists of a rigid base, two flexible arms attached to the base in series, and an end effector/pay load. To carry out the mission described, the space robot must have its own control system enabling the platform to translate and rotate and its arms to rotate. In this paper, the target motion is assumed not to be known a priori, so that the control permitting the space robot to execute the docking maneuver must be based on on-line measurements. The equations governing the behavior of space robots are nonlinear and can be expressed in the general form of the state and output equations x =f(x, u) (la)
Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens.

The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay has been employed extensively to screen compounds for teratogenic activity. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that low potassium concentrations retard Xenopus laevis development. The effects of varying concentrations of minerals on Xenopus laevis embryo length and development were examined to determine the utility of the FETAX bioassay in the study of environmental teratogens. Water samples collected from 18 wetlands in Minnesota and North Dakota correlated with low mineral levels, causing delayed embryonic development in the FETAX bioassay. When the concentration of sodium or potassium was <5 ppm, Xenopus laevis development was delayed. As a result, it was difficult to assess teratogenic activity after 96 h of incubation. Furthermore, the length of the embryos—an indication of development—paralleled changes in mineral composition. Comparisons between different wetlands based on changes in one specific mineral were not possible due to a synergism between various minerals. If the concentration of sodium and/or potassium was <5 ppm but ≥2 ppm, extension of the FETAX bioassay to 120 h allowed organogenesis to proceed through stage 46, as required for scoring in accordance with ASTM guidelines for the FETAX bioassay. In those cases in which the concentration of sodium and/or potassium were <2 ppm, the embryos could not develop to stage 46 within 120 h and the FETAX bioassay was not suitable for detecting teratogenic activity. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving Max-Min lifetime and fairness with rate allocation for data aggregation in sensor networks

We consider the rate allocation problem for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks with two objectives: (1) maximizing the minimum (Max-Min) lifetime of an aggregation cluster and (2) achieving fairness among all data sources. The two objectives are generally correlated with each other and usually, they cannot be maximized simultaneously. We adopt a lexicographic method to solve this multi-objective programming problem. First, we recursively induce the Max-Min lifetime for the aggregation cluster. Under the given Max-Min lifetime, we then formulate the problem of maximizing fairness as a convex optimization problem, and derive the optimal rate allocation strategy by iterations. We also present low-complexity algorithms that an aggregation cluster can use to determine the Max-Min network lifetime and the fair rate allocation. Our simulation results validate our analytical results and illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Indium migration and controlled lateral bandgap variations in high-power strained layer InGaAs-AlGaAs lasers grown on nonplanar substrates

Strained single quantum well (SQW) InGaAs-AlGaAs graded-index separate confinement heterostructure (GRINSCH) lasers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy over nonplanar
Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

The recognition and treatment of nonmotor symptoms are increasingly emphasized in the care of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This manuscript will review signs and symptoms localized, generally, to the cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Cortical manifestations include dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and psychosis. Apathy, restlessness (akathisia), and impulse control disorders will be linked as basal ganglia symptoms. Symptoms attributed to the brainstem comprise depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Peripheral nervous system disturbances may lead to orthostatic hypotension, constipation, pain, and sensory disturbances.
Active Control of Fan-Generated Tone Noise

An experiment to control the noise radiated from the inlet of a ducted fan using a time domain active adaptive system is reported on. The control sound source consists of loudspeakers arranged in a ring around the fan duct. The error sensor location is in the fan duct. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate that the in-duct error sensor reduces the mode spillover in the far field, thereby increasing the efficiency of the control system. The control system is found to reduce the blade passage frequency tone significantly in the acoustic far field when the mode orders of the noise source and of the control source are the same, when the dominant wave in the duct is a plane wave. The presence of higher-order modes in the duct reduces the noise reduction efficiency, particularly near the mode cut on where the standing wave component is strong, but the control system converges stably. The control system is also found to be stable and convergent when the first circumferential mode is generated in the duct both by the fan and by the control source. The control system is found to reduce the fan noise in the far field on an arc around the fan inlet by as much as 20 dB with none of the sound amplification associated with mode spillover.
Combined-treatment approaches in the management of rectal cancer.

Irradiation (XRT) is being used in combination with surgery in the initial treatment of rectal cancer with increasing frequency. Incidence and areas of failure after operation alone will be outlined by site and stage, with implications for adjuvant therapy. Results of series utilizing radiation will be presented with an emphasis on North American studies. The potential for the future will be discussed.
Programmable Systems Components A Comprehensive Approach To Signal Processing

The Texas Instruments VHSIC-1 Program is based on a small set of multi-use programmable system components implemented in commercially aligned semiconductor technologies; a multimode fire-and-forget missile subsystem demonstration brassboard and a comprehensive set of software/hardware design tools to support subsystem design with the basic chip set. Eight chips have been defined and are currently under development. There is a high performance NMOS memory and 7 logic oriented components that will be implemented in Schottky Transistor Logic (STL). NMOS was selected for the memory because of the high density, low power and low cost intrinsic to the technology. STL was selected for the logic components because of inherent reliability and tolerance for the military environment and exceptional speed power product characteristics. Many DOD suggested candidate VHSIC brassboard systems share several basic IC related requirements IC related requirements such as: 0 Memory - high performance, low cost. 0 Data processing - data dependent arithmetic, logic and control operations on unstructured data streams. 0 Array processing - repetitive data independent operations on fixed size blocks of data. 0 Limited special purpose processing and interface - some application specific requirements must be supported. The Texas Instruments chip set and related design support tools have been architected and specified to accommodate these needs. The complete chip set is shown in Table 1. The STL logic chips are grouped according to their association with data as array processing requirements. The NMOS SRAM is shown separately. Key specifications for each component are given in the right hand column. A brief functional description of the chips as they apply to the requirements follows. The design support tools will be discussed later with the Design Utility System.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Oversized Frauds, Undersized Fish, and Deconstruction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Occasionally the Supreme Court of the United States hears a case simply to correct an injustice. That happened in Yates v. United States. Yates, a fishing captain, threw back three undersized fish. He later was convicted of violating the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, a statute designed to prevent corporate fraud, on the ground that he destroyed a “record, document, or tangible object,” even though the fish could not remotely be deemed a financial record or an information storage device. The court of appeals upheld Yates’s conviction by relying entirely on a dictionary definition of the term “tangible object.” That literal-mindedness lead to an uncommonly silly result. The Supreme Court should not only reverse the judgment of conviction, but also underscore two canons of construction. First, courts should use common sense when interpreting criminal laws, rather than be slaves to the dictionary. Second, the Rule of Lenity is a “rule” of lenity, not just an “option” of lenity, and it is an especially important rule when a defendant faces a potentially severe sentence.
Spending in the 1990s

The authors ask whether state budget growth in the 1990s was out of line with the past and conclude that it was not. Per capita state spending growth in the 1990s was less than growth in the 1980s, the authors say. Efforts at prudent management were overwhelmed by the impact that changes in the economy and population have had on state tax collections, they write.