cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and application of new polymer bound catalysts

Nitric acid has been shown to be a weak acid in acetonitrile. It is conceivable that a nitrate salt of a weakly Lewis acidic cation could furnish a ''naked'' nitrate anion as a basic catalyst in a variety of reactions in non-aqueous solvents. Such a nitrate salt could also be bound to a polymeric support via the cation, thereby allowing for reclamation and recycling of the nitrate ion. This subject is dealt with in Chapter 2, wherein my contributions consisted of performing all the reactions with the polymer supported catalyst and carrying out the experiments necessary to shed light on the reaction mechanisms. Chapter 3 contains a description of the structure and catalytic properties of an azidoproazaphosphatrane. This compound is an air-stable versatile catalyst that has proven useful not only homogeneously, but also when bound to a solid support. The synthesis of a polymer bound proazaphosphatrane containing a trivalent phosphorus is presented in Chapter 4. Such a compound has been sought after by our group for a number of years. Not only does the synthesis I have accomplished for it allow for easier separation of proazaphosphatrane catalysts from reaction mixtures, but recycling of the base is made much simpler. Proazaphosphatranes are useful homogeneous catalysts that activate atoms in other reagents, thus enhancing their reactivity. The next chapters deal with two such reactions with aldehydes and ketones, namely silylcyanations with trialkylsilylcyanides (Chapters 5 and 6) and reductions with poly(methylhydrosiloxane), in Chapter 7. In Chapter 5, Zhigang Wang performed the initial optimization and scoping of the reaction, while repetitions of the scoping experiments for reproducibility, determination of diastereomeric ratios, and experiments aimed at elucidating aspects of the mechanism were performed by me. The proazaphosphatrane coordinates to the silicon atom in both cases, thereby allowing the aforementioned reactions to proceed under much milder conditions. Proazaphosphatranes are also effective Broensted-Lowry bases. This is illustrated in Chapter 8 wherein a wide variety of conjugate addition reactions are catalyzed by proazaphosphatranes. In that chapter, repetitions of the nitroalkane addition reactions for reproducibility, improved spectral data for the products and comparisons of literature yields of all reactions were performed by the author.
Performance evaluation of a new scheduling algorithm for distributed systems with security heterogeneity

High quality of security service is increasingly critical for applications running on heterogeneous distributed systems. However, existing scheduling algorithms for heterogeneous distributed systems disregard security requirements of applications. To address this issue, in this paper, we introduce security heterogeneity concept for our scheduling model in the context of distributed systems. Based on the concept, we propose a novel heuristic scheduling algorithm, or SATS, which strives to maximize the probability that all tasks are executed without any risk of being attacked. Extensive experimental studies using real-world traces indicate that the scheduling performance is affected by heterogeneities of security and computational power. Additionally, empirical results demonstrate that with respect to security and performance, the proposed scheduling algorithm outperforms existing approaches under a wide spectrum of workload conditions.
Political Participation in the Chinese Countryside

The topic of grass-roots participation in China has acquired special interest in light of the local economic and political reforms introduced in the post-Mao period. This paper explores some major modes of participation, issues motivating participation, and the determinants of participation. The findings are based on interviews held in early 1990 with probability samples drawn from four countryside counties. The analysis emphasizes three modes of “autonomous” participation: cooperative actions, voicing opinions to cadres, and contacting representatives. Participants pursued selective and collective goods and were strategic in combining particular modes with particular problem areas. Determinants of participation included traditional resource model predictors but also unique predictors in the form of holding a second occupation, being a party member, and residing in a specific county. Local activists appear to be using new and traditional methods in moving toward more proactive, collective, and strategic forms of behavior.
Continuous exposure to dizocilpine facilitates escalation of cocaine consumption in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background Although the escalation of cocaine consumption is a hallmark of cocaine dependence, the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this change in behavior are not well understood.
Theoretical Limitations of Discrete Exterior Calculus in the Context of Computational Electromagnetics

Discrete exterior calculus (DEC) attempts to mimic basic operations on differential forms in a discrete setting. This paper considers two concrete instances of how the completion of the DEC program is unachievable, and outlines the practical implications for computational electromagnetics. The two problems are the Commutative Cochain Problem (CCP) and the Discrete Star Localization Problem (DSLP). This paper elaborates on how the CCP is related to problems in computational magnetohydrodynamics, and how DSPL is related to material modeling and constructing discrete Hodge star operators whose matrix representations are maximally sparse in some concrete sense. A final section elaborates on the problem of Poincare duality on the level of cochains, and how the metric-free Whitney form finite element discretization of helicity functionals provides a model of how some of these theoretical obstacles can be side-stepped in three dimensions and, more generally, in dimensions.
Dual emission laser induced fluorescence for direct planar scalar behavior measurements

In this paper, a new method of measuring scalar behavior in bulk aqueous fluid flows is presented. Using a simple ratiometric scheme, laser induced fluorescence from organic dyes can be normalized so that direct measurements of a scalar in the flow are possible. The technique dual emission laser induced fluorescence (DELIF) relies on normalizing the fluorescence emission intensity of one dye with the fluorescence emission intensity of a second dye. Since each dye fluoresces at a different wavelength, one can optically separate the emission of each dye. This paper contains an overview of the basic ratiometric technique for pH and temperature measurements as well as the spectral properties of nine water soluble dyes. It also covers the three most significant sources of error in DELIF applications. To demonstrate the technique, steady state turbulent jet mixing and temperature fields in a thermal plume were quantified. The accuracy was camera limited at under 3% of the fluorescence ratio which corresponds to 0.1 pH units or 1.8 °C.
A simple systematic spiral inductor design with perfected Q improvement for CMOS RFIC application

In this paper, a systematic design procedure based on key factor analysis of the Q curve has been proposed. In addition to inductor design, we also present a technique that combines optimized shielding poly, and proton implantation treatment is utilized to improve the inductor Q value. The shielding effect of poly-silicon and the semi-insulating characteristics of proton-bombarded substrate have added a 37% and 54% increment to the Q value of the inductors, respectively. The combination of the two means has created a multiplication of their individual contribution rather than addition. The dramatic improvement of the Q value resulted from the doping level and film thickness optimization of a poly shield layer combined with a proton implantation treatment. A phenomenal Q-value increment as high as 122% of 4-nH spiral inductors can be realized. This technique shall become a critical measure to put inductors on a silicon substrate with satisfactory performance for Si-based RF integrated-circuit applications
Descriptions of Larva and Pupa of Tomoxia lineella LeConte with Notes on Larval Habitat (Coleoptera: Mordellidae)

The mature larva and pupa of Tomoxia lineella LeConte are described and illustrated based on specimens collected and reared from a standing large-toothed aspen (Populus grandidentata Michaux) in a northern-mixed forest element in south-central Wisconsin. Larvae were collected on 30 March 2001 and 23 April 2001 from tunnels approximately two cm under the bark in the wood of the south-facing side of the tree. Tomoxia lineella was previously unrecorded from Wisconsin.
Bluebunch Wheatgrass Response to Spring Defoliation on Foothill Rangeland

Abstract Spring elk grazing may reduce forage availability for wildlife or livestock in summer and may harm forage resources on foothill rangeland. We quantified bluebunch wheatgrass ( Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love) response to spring defoliation on foothill rangeland in southwestern Montana. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously on a foothill grassland site and a foothill sagebrush steppe site. Bluebunch wheatgrass plants ( n = 800) were selected and excluded from wild and domestic ungulates. Clipping treatments were applied in either early spring (mid- to late April) or late spring (mid- to late May), and plants were clipped to 1 of 3 residual heights (3, 6, or 9 cm) for 1, 2, or 3 successive years. Unclipped plants served as controls. Plant response was measured in late June and late July on both sites. April clipping for 3 successive years did not adversely affect bluebunch wheatgrass in June or July ( P > 0.05) at either site. On foothill grassland, May defoliation to 3 cm for 2 consecutive years reduced leaf height ( P = 0.04) in July. May defoliation for 3 successive years to 3 or 6 cm reduced plant yield ( P P P = 0.02) in July. On foothill sagebrush steppe, 3 successive years of May defoliation to ≤ 9-cm stubble heights decreased leaf height in June ( P
Synthetic Material Filters in Coastal Protection

Protection of granular beachfill soil, from being washed out, in shore protection, harbor, canal, and river structures, such as revetments, levees, sea walls, groins, and jetties can be easily provided by using filters which allow passing of water but withhold fill material; discussion of use of glass fiber and plastic filters instead of graded material filters; description of existing structures with synthetic filters; proper design of filters.
Keratinocyte growth factor supports pulmonary innate immune defense through maintenance of alveolar antimicrobial protein levels and macrophage function

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is an epithelial mitogen that has been reported to protect the lungs from a variety of toxic and infectious insults. In prior studies we found that recombinant human KGF accelerates clearance of bacteria from the murine lung by augmenting the function of alveolar macrophages (AM). In this study we tested the hypothesis that endogenous KGF plays a role in the maintenance of innate pulmonary defense against gram-negative bacterial infections. KGF-deficient mice exhibited delayed clearance of Escherichia coli from the lungs, attenuated phagocytosis by AM, and decreased antimicrobial activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, due in part to reductions in levels of surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, and lysozyme. These immune deficits were accompanied by lower alveolar type II epithelial cell counts and reduced alveolar type II epithelial cell expression of collectin and lysozyme genes on a per cell basis. No significant between-group differences were detected in selected inflammatory cytokines or BAL inflammatory cell populations at baseline or after bacterial challenge in the wild-type and KGF-deficient mice. A single intranasal dose of recombinant human KGF reversed defects in bacterial clearance, AM function, and BAL fluid antimicrobial activity. We conclude that KGF supports alveolar innate immune defense through maintenance of alveolar antimicrobial protein levels and functions of AM. Together these data demonstrate a role for endogenous KGF in maintenance of normal pulmonary innate immune function.
THALLUS DEVELOPMENT IN HERPOMYCES PARANENSIS (LABOULBENIALES)

Probably the most distinctive characteristic of Herpomyces paranensis Thaxter is the slender, flexuous prolongation of the uppermost cell of the primary axis of the female thallus. Thaxter (1902) re? ported that the terminal cell of the male is similarly developed; the irregular arrangement of the cells in his drawing of a male (1908), how? ever, suggested that a misinterpretation of the structure of the thallus might have been made. The mature female thallus consists of 2 series of 3-spined perithecia; each series is joined by a short branch to the primary axis. The broad, straight shield of the initial perithecium of each series covers those of subsequently formed perithecia; consequently, the relationships between the perithecia are obscured. Although Thaxter (1908) was able to observe that the perithecial series seemed to result from continued secondary branching, the exact growth pattern of the thallus was not determined. The manner in which the primary axes and the perithecia develop was not indicated. The female thallus differs in 4 significant ways from that of H. stylopygae Spegazzini. In the latter species, each perithecium is pro? duced by a separate outgrowth from the primary axis; a large, curved shield develops; the perithecium has only one spine; and the primary axis bears the persistent spinous spore apex and 2 lateral black holdfasts (Richards and Smith, 1955b). This study of H. paranensis was made for 2 major reasons: first, to determine the form of the primary axes in both sexes and the branching pattern in the female; and secondly, to discover the extent of the similarity between the development of the perithecium and secondary receptacle in H. paranensis and that in H. stylopygae. It is only through careful studies of thallus structure, combined with a knowledge of the interrelationships between host species, that an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the species in the genus Herpomyces will be attained. materials and methods
Susceptibility of lesser mealworm (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Moniliales : Moniliaceae) : effects of host stage, substrate, formulation, and host passage

Mature lesser mealworm ( Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer)) larvae were susceptible to infection with Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) when larvae were shaken with conidia in an aqueous suspension or in a starch dust. Approximately 98 and 60% larval mortality rates were observed two weeks after exposure to suspensions containing 5 × 107 conidia per ml of aqueous suspension or 2.5 × 108 conidia per gram of dust, respectively. Substantially lower larval infection rates (<30% mortality at all doses) were observed when aqueous suspensions of conidia (high rate of 5 × 107 conidia) were applied to ≍250 cm3 of used poultry litter containing beetle larvae; dust-treated litter resulted in mortality similar to forced-contact assays. Mortality was higher when larvae were exposed to extruded polystyrene insulation treated at 7.3 × 106 conidia/cm2 than when larvae were exposed to weathered plywood treated at the same rate. The fungus used in the tests was originally isolated from and subsequently produced in adult house flies ( Musca domestica L. [Diptera: Muscidae]); a single passage through mature A. diaperinus larvae resulted in a substantial increase in virulence for A. diaperinus larvae. Mortality among adult beetles was low (<27%) in all assays.
Restoring a physician-led healthcare system

The scenario is all too familiar. In the middle of a busy day, you receive a call from an insurance company's utilization reviewer who wants to know why your patient is still in the hospital. Calmly, you explain your rationale and the plan for the patient's remaining hospital course. After reflecting on the interaction, you are irritated that a nonphysician representative of an insurance company is questioning your judgment as a physician.
Instructional Practice for Students With Autism Spectrum and Related Disorders: Exploring the Teaching of Writing in Two Self-Contained Classrooms

ABSTRACTWriting is an important skill that pervades all subjects and is required for postschool success. Many students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) struggle with writing, yet it has been an underresearched area. To determine what writing practices are being implemented with students with ASD, we observed the practices of two teachers who instruct writers with ASD in self-contained classrooms. We then compared these practices to evidence-based practices in writing instruction. The research questions for this descriptive study were as follows: (a) What practices do teachers of children with ASD use to foster writing development? and (b) Is this instruction consistent with evidence-based practice in writing? Results indicated that teachers often utilized the practices recommended for all writers, with some unique supports provided based on the individual needs of the students with ASD. We discuss implications for teachers of writers with ASD and provide recommendations for future practice.
Microanalysis and Identification of a Basket Fragment from Sonora, Mexico

ABSTRACTA basket fragment found in a cave between Guaymas and Hermosillo, Sonora, is analyzed to determine identification of plant material used for construction. Microanalysis shows that the fragment is composed of young xylem of Jatropha cuneatay the traditional basket material of the Seri.
Cider, Mead and Ale

It is commonplace in writing on the Victorian rural working classes that heavy drinking was a favourite, sometimes the only, release from the perpetually painful realities of a poor and arduous life, and what was true in Dorset in this respect is certainly true in Wessex. The full evidence can be found on the website. Throughout his fiction and his poetry Hardy celebrates the social pleasures of drinking, from the first chapters of Under the Greenwood Tree to ‘Great Things’, and at different times he writes with affection about cider-making and the rich varieties of cider, about the glory of Dorchester strong beer, about the delight of tasting old mead. But everyone can also call to mind Joseph Poorgrass failing to get Fanny Robin’s body to the churchyard in time for it to be buried, Michael Henchard selling his wife under the influence of rum-laced furmity, Arabella Cartlett’s vile administration of a carefully designed mixture of drinks that gets Jude Fawley to the state in which he will marry her again. The position in Wessex then seems to be the fairly conventional one, that moderate consumption of alcohol amongst friends can be delightful, but that excess leads to miseries. In fact, though, the issue is more complicated.
High‐Intensity Drinking Among Young Adults in the United States: Prevalence, Frequency, and Developmental Change

BACKGROUND: This study is the first to examine the developmental course of high-intensity drinking (i.e., consuming 10+ drinks in a row) across late adolescence and the transition to adulthood. METHODS: National longitudinal data (N = 3,718) from Monitoring the Future were used to examine trajectories of 10+ high-intensity drinking from age 18 through 25/26 overall and across sociodemographic subgroups; results were compared with similar analysis of 5+ binge drinking trajectories. RESULTS: Results document that 10+ drinkers consume not just a greater quantity of alcohol on a given drinking occasion, but also engage in 5+ drinking more frequently than drinkers who do not report having 10 or more drinks. Developmental patterns for 10+ and 5+ drinking were similar, with peak frequencies reported at age 21/22. Greater peaks in both 10+ and 5+ drinking were documented among men and among college attenders, compared with women and nonattenders, respectively. However, there was a steeper decline in 10+ drinking after age 21/22, indicating that risk for consumption of 10 or more drinks in a row is more clearly focused on the early 20s. Patterns of developmental change in both behaviors were driven largely by college students: No significant age-related change in 10+ drinking was observed among men and women who did not go to college, and no significant age-related change in 5+ drinking was observed among female nonattenders. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the importance of recognizing high-intensity drinkers as a unique high-risk group, and that college attendance is associated with particularly strong peaks in the developmental course of high-intensity drinking.Copyright © 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Language: en
Past and present, day by day: Communication with former romantic partners, relationship-contingent self-esteem, and current relationship outcomes

Abstract In an effort to illuminate factors delineating when communication with former romantic partners can be beneficial versus detrimental, this work examines how communication affects both the current and former relationships, and whether these associations vary as a function of one’s self-worth being tied to the relationship (i.e., relationship-contingent self-esteem, RCSE). Over three weeks, undergraduates in relationships who regularly communicated with a former partner (N = 46) completed nightly measures of former partner communication and satisfaction with current and former relationships. Results indicated that among those higher in RCSE, communication with former partners undermined current relationship satisfaction and bolstered former relationship satisfaction, patterns not evident among those lower in RCSE. For some, communication with former partners can be problematic for the current relationship.
Abstract 4587: A human hybrid immuno-oncology construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing the serine protease granzyme B

Targeting immune effector cells to tumors has recently emerged as a clinically-relevant approach for therapy. The underlying mechanism for immune effector killing involves T or B-cell-mediated delivery of the serine protease granzyme B to the target cells. The cell-surface receptor Fn14 for the TNF-related cytokine TWEAK has emerged as a potentially valuable target for cancer therapy because its expression is low in most normal tissues but significantly elevated in a variety of solid tumor types. The serine protease Granzyme B (GrB) is a highly cytotoxic component of human immune effector cells and induces multiple, intense pro-apoptotic signals when delivered to the cytoplasm of target cells. This protein has been well-studied, operating through multimodal pathways which are both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent. Our laboratory has designed series of new Fn14-targeted fusion constructs containing an engineered GrB payload. The GrB-Fc-IT4 construct is a completely human homodimer (~200kDa) containing an IgG Fc domain for prolonged serum half-life. This construct displays high-level protein production in an HEK293E expression system. It exhibits high affinity and selective cytotoxicity within the nanomolar range (IC50 ranged from 4 to 284 nM) when tested against a panel of 25 Fn14-positive human cancer cell lines. We are currently assessing a panel of 100 annotated NSCLC cell lines to try to define a molecular fingerprint related to cellular sensitivity or resistance to the GrB payload. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that GrB-Fc-IT4 exhibited a bi-exponential clearance from plasma with a rapid initial clearance (t ½α = 0.36 hours) followed by a prolonged terminal-phase plasma half-life (t 1/2β = 35 hours). Mice bearing MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumor xenografts were intravenously treated with saline, or GrB-Fc-IT4 construct (QODX5). On average, tumors from saline-treated mice grew about 10-fold over 40 days. In contrast, tumors from mice treated with GrB-FC-IT4 did not grow during this period and remained the same size as at the onset of treatment. Moreover, 3/5 mice treated with GrB-Fc-IT4 showed complete tumor regression lasting beyond day 80 (end of the study). Overall, treatment with GrB-FC-IT4 was well-tolerated by mice (no loss of body weight) and resulted in significant anti-tumor efficacy. Toxicology and bio-distribution studies are ongoing and will be presented. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: Ana Alvarez de Cienfuegos, Lawrence H. Cheung, Khalid A. A. Mohamedali, Jeffrey A. Winkles, Michael G. Rosenblum. A human hybrid immuno-oncology construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing the serine protease granzyme B [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4587. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4587
Personnel Dosimetry (Monitoring of Personnel Exposures and Bioassay Programs)

A personnel dosimetry program includes those activities associated with the measurement, monitoring and assessment of worker exposures, and retention of related exposure records. The personnel dosimetry program also serves a vital function in maintaining documentation to demonstrate that individual exposures are in compliance with regulatory exposure limits. Personnel dosimetry programs include those aspects associated with the monitoring and evaluation of personnel exposures at LWR facilities. These programs include whole-body monitoring, the use of extremity dosimeters and multiple dosimeters (often referred to as “multi-badging”), provisions for neutron dosimetry and bioassay processes for the assessment of internal exposures. This chapter discusses the various elements commonly associated with such a program. The focus is oriented towards the operational and maintenance aspects of a LWR personnel dosimetry program. Details associated with the theory and principal of detection of dosimetry devices is presented in a level of detail necessary to evaluate the application of a specific dosimeter to a LWR dosimetry program. The use, advantages and limitations of dosimeters as they apply to a LWR personnel dosimetry program are also discussed. The references for this chapter provide more detailed information concerning the detection and operational principles of the dosimeter types presented.
Degree of RF MRI coil detuning for an anatomically realistic respiratory cycle modeled with the finite element method

Respiratory motion is an important problem in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), contributing to image blurring during data acquisition and coil detuning. Using the concept of an ideal (perfectly matched and tuned at all available ports) RF transmit coil and the VHP-Female v4.0 dynamic CAD model, we numerically model and estimate the detuning of a full-body RF coil during the respiratory cycle.
Environmental Visual Object Recognition

This chapter presents the environmental visual recognition method. A detailed presentation of the proposed method for extraction of 3D geometric-primitives is provided. The synergistic cue integration (homogeneity, edge and phase rim) for extraction of 2D geometric-primitives is presented. The consolidation of 3D geometric-primitives by calibrated stereo vision is introduced. The effectiveness and precision of the proposed method are experimentally evaluated with various natural and artificial illuminations on different environmental objects ranging from rather simple doors up to complex electric appliances.
Symptom burden and employment status in breast cancer (BC) survivors.

10073Background: At time of BC diagnosis, a large proportion of patients (pts) work. However, long term effects of BC and BC treatment are likely to impact employment status in follow up. Methods: ...
Two Counter-Revolutions: The Chicago and Austrian Schools and the Consumption Paradigm

Looks at the major responses from Keynes’ critics, highlighting how they—ironically—participated in and actually strengthened the process of transforming economics into a moral crusade for the satisfaction of consumer appetites, while claiming to be morally neutral. The Austrian economists failed to challenge the core anthropological principles Keynes had laid out, while Milton Friedman and the Chicago school affirmatively embraced those principles. Both schools conflicted sharply with Keynesianism at the level of policy, but that very conflict had the effect of reinforcing the Consumption paradigm anthropology that was embraced or at least acquiesced in by all parties.
Single-Delay and Multiple-Delay Proportional-Retarded (PR) Protocols for Fast Consensus in a Large-Scale Network

A distributed proportional-retarded (PR) protocol is proposed for a class of large-scale consensus system with single-integrator agent dynamics. The protocol, a part of which utilizes intentional delays, enables fast consensus mainly by placing system's dominant poles and separating the rest of the spectrum from these poles as desired. The PR protocol rests upon spectral analysis and salient features of Lambert W functions, and ultimately helps compose the graph Laplacian of the network as a complete graph.
NUTRIENT CONSEQUENCES OF SALMON SPREAD

After swimming many miles from its marine habitat to inland rivers, a salmon spawns and then dies. But this is not the end of the story — it seems that significant levels of certain elements, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are exported to the surrounding riverbank and terrestrial ecosystems from the salmon carcasses.
Freshwater export pathways from the Bay of Bengal

Abstract Observations from surface drifters and Argo floats elucidate details of two upper-ocean pathways through which freshwater from the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is advected into the tropical Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea (AS). The western route is located along the east coast of India and feeds into the westward Northeast Monsoon Current (NMC) south of Sri Lanka during the winter monsoon, whereas the eastern path is located along the western margin of Sumatra reaching at times as far south as the Indonesian Throughflow plume near 10°S. While the former pathway is highly seasonal and affected by mesoscale variability, the latter is a year-round feature and may be dominant from an annual perspective. The observations do not support the notion of a continuous current system comprised of the NMC and the West India Coastal Current around the Laccadive High in boreal winter that can directly export surface freshwater from the BoB to the AS. Further, the observations indicate an occasional leakage of low-salinity water by a westward coastal current between the eastward Southwest Monsoon Current (SMC) and Sri Lanka in boreal summer that may be caused by equatorial wave processes. The SMC, which exhibits considerable Ekman contributions in contrast to its geostrophically-balanced NMC counterpart in boreal winter, facilitates the transport of saltier AS water into the BoB, with subsequent spreading into the upper thermocline of the BoB setting up an estuary-like circulation pattern.
Variability in gynecologic case volume of obstetrician-gynecologist residents graduating from 2009 to 2017

Abstract Background Residency training in ob/gyn has changed significantly over time with residents expected to master an increasing number of surgical procedures. Residency operative case logs are tracked by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), which sets case minimums for all procedures. In 2018, the ACGME created a combined minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH) category and now requires graduating residents to complete a minimum of 70 MIHs. Objectives To evaluate the range of operative gynecologic experience across graduating ob/gyn residents in the United States and to estimate the number of residents able to meet new ACGME minimum hysterectomy cases. Study Design ACGME surgical case logs of graduating ob/gyn residents from 2009 to 2017 were analyzed for case volume trends. Results The average total number of gynecologic cases per resident decreased from 438.2 to 431.5 (p Conclusion Nationwide, graduates of ob/gyn residency experience significant variability in their surgical training. Based on our extrapolation of ACGME data, approximately half of residency graduates fell below the 70 case MIH minimum in 2017. Meeting the new ACGME hysterectomy minimums may be challenging for a significant proportion of residency programs. Understanding the scope and variability of gynecology training is needed in order to continue to improve and address gaps in resident education.
The Online First-Year Experience: Defining and Illustrating a New Reality:

All incoming students have a first experience with their institution. This article reviews literature on adult education, online learning, and first-year student success to articulate the scope of ...
Use of Valbenazine in a 54-Year-Old Female with Severe Tardive Dyskinesia.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious and often irreversible involuntary muscle movement that involves the face, lips, tongue, trunk, and extremities. TD is a risk in the use of antipsychotic medications, whether it is typical or first generation or atypical or second-generation antipsychotic. The risk is highest in patients receiving long-term antipsychotic treatment. Before the availability of valbenazine, clozapine was used to reverse or at least ameliorate TD. We report a case of a patient on long-term antipsychotic treatment whose TD was initially reversed by clozapine but was completely reversed by valbenazine.
Assessment of the Risk of Salmonellosis Linked to the Consumption of Liquid Egg Products Made from Internally Contaminated Shell Eggs Initially Stored at 65°F (18°C) Compared with Eggs Stored at 45°F (7°C).

ABSTRACT According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) rule on "Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs during Production, Storage, and Transportation," shell eggs intended for human consumption are required to be held or transported at or below 45°F (7.2°C) ambient temperature beginning 36 h after time of lay. Meanwhile, eggs in hatcheries are typically stored at a temperature of 65°F (18.3°C). Although most of those eggs are directed to incubators for hatching, excess eggs have the potential to be diverted for human consumption as egg products through the "breaker" market if these eggs are refrigerated in accordance with FDA's requirement. Combining risk assessment models developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service for shell eggs and for egg products, we quantified and compared Salmonella Enteritidis levels in eggs held at 65°F versus 45°F, Salmonella Enteritidis levels in the resulting egg products, and the risk of human salmonellosis from consumption of those egg products. For eggs stored 5 days at 65°F (following 36 h at 75°F [23.9°C] in the layer house), the mean level of Salmonella Enteritidis contamination is 30-fold higher than for eggs stored at 45°F. These increased levels of contamination lead to a 47-fold increase in the risk of salmonellosis from consumption of egg products made from these eggs, with some variation in the public health risk on the basis of the egg product type (e.g., whole egg versus whole egg with added sugar). Assuming that 7% of the liquid egg product supply originates from eggs stored at 65°F versus 45°F, this study estimates an additional burden of 3,562 cases of salmonellosis per year in the United States. A nominal range uncertainty analysis suggests that the relative increase in the risk linked to the storage of eggs at higher temperature estimated in this study is robust to the uncertainty surrounding the model parameters. The diversion of eggs from broiler production to human consumption under the current storage practices of 65°F (versus 45°F) would present a substantive overall increase in the risk of salmonellosis. HIGHLIGHTS
Chemotherapy Education and Support: A Model for Use in the Ambulatory Care Setting.

Background Oncology nurses are challenged to coordinate an effective, evidence-based approach to comprehensive patient education, symptom management, and psychosocial support for patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancers during chemotherapy. Objectives The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a nurse-led psychoeducational intervention using a multimedia tool. Methods Development and testing of the intervention was grounded in the Science and Practice Aligned Within Nursing model for evidence-based practice implementation. Findings Forty-five participants completed the study (29 with pancreatic cancer and 16 with colorectal cancer). Patient knowledge increased significantly in patients with pancreatic cancer following the intervention (p = 0.05).
Anomaly-Handling in Lyapunov-Based Economic Model Predictive Control via Empirical Models

Abstract A question that faces data-driven autonomous systems is verification that they will perform in a safe manner despite changes in the environment on which they act over time or incomplete knowledge of the system model. This work analyzes closed-loop stability of nonlinear systems under Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) with data-driven models in the case where it is desirable to have the ability to detect when the data-driven model is or becomes insufficiently accurate for maintaining the closed-loop state in an expected region of state-space. Implications of the results for false sensor measurement cyberattacks seeking to impact the fidelity of models derived from model identification are discussed and illustrated through a chemical process example.
Hate Speech Detection in Clubhouse.

With the rise of voice chat rooms, a gigantic resource of data can be exposed to the research community for natural language processing tasks. Moderators in voice chat rooms actively monitor the discussions and remove the participants with offensive language. However, it makes the hate speech detection even more difficult since some participants try to find creative ways to articulate hate speech. This makes the hate speech detection challenging in new social media like Clubhouse. To the best of our knowledge all the hate speech datasets have been collected from text resources like Twitter. In this paper, we take the first step to collect a significant dataset from Clubhouse as the rising star in social media industry. We analyze the collected instances from statistical point of view using the Google Perspective Scores. Our experiments show that, the Perspective Scores can outperform Bag of Words and Word2Vec as high level text features.
Observer-based stabilization of nonlinear systems

The problem of stabilizing a class of nonlinear plants via observer-based controllers is addressed. Quadratic Lyapunov functions are used to determine the existence of such controllers. Sufficient conditions for their existence are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities, thus providing effective means to determine if these controllers exist.
Real-Time Noise Estimation and Correction in Dual-Polarization Radar Systems

Accurate noise-power estimation in dual-polarization weather radar is necessary for the correction of all power-based moments in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. A method of real-time noise-power estimation for dual-polarization radar systems using copolar correlation and receiver power is introduced. This real-time noise-power estimation algorithm is implemented in the NASA dual-frequency dual-polarization Doppler radar, and the performance results are presented.
Sugar transport. 3. Purification and properties of a phosphocarrier protein (HPr) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The histidine-containing protein (HPr) which serves as a phosphoryl carrier in the phosphoenolpyruvate-glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS) has been purified from Escherichia coli. The protein has a molecular weight of about 9500. The amino acid composition of the protein is unusual in that HPr has no detectable tryptophan, tyrosine, or cysteine and thus exhibits a characteristic phenylalanine spectrum. Moreover, HPr does not contain carbohydrate or phosphorus. One phosphoryl group can be incorporated into HPr, and is attached to histidine; HPr contains 2 histidine residues. Characterization of the phosphohistidine isolated from the phosphoprotein, together with the hydrolysis rates of the phosphorylated HPr indicate that the phosphoryl group is linked to N-1 of a histidine imidazole ring. During purification, two additional homogeneous proteins (designated HPr-1 and HPr-2) were obtained; they differed from HPr in electrophoretic mobilities and activities in the PTS. These proteins were identical with HPr in amino acid composition; evidence is presented that HPr-1 and HPr-2 are derived from HPr by loss of amide groups during the isolation procedure.
Current status of obstetric anaesthesia: improving satisfaction and safety.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in 2003 that although the maternal mortal­ity rate has decreased by 99% since 1900, there has been no further decrease in the last two decades [1] . A more recent report indicates a rate of 11.8 per 100,000 live births [2] , although anaesthesia-related maternal mortality and morbidity has considerably decreased over the lastfew decades. Despite the growing complexity of problems and increasing challenges such as pre-existing maternal disease, obesity, and the increasing age of pregnant mothers, anaesthesia related maternal mortality is extremely rare in the developed world. The current safety has been achievedthrough changes in training, service, technical advances and multidisciplinary approach to care. The rates of general anaesthesia for cesarean delivery have decreased and neuraxial anaesthetics have become the most commonly used techniques. Neuraxial techniques are largely safe and effective, but potential complications, though rare, can be severe.
Mobility and controllability characteristics of mobile robotic platforms

Mobile platforms available for use in robotic systems vary enormously in their mobility and in their control characteristics. In particular, the characteristics which are desirable in an autonomous vehicle for unstructured terrain are quite different from those which are optimum in a vehicle for partially structured terrain, such as road following, or for a mobile platform for use in a highly structured factory environment. The controlled degrees of freedom of the platform impact the manner in which it can be used. Platforms with articulated steering are severely limited in situations, such as mobile industrial robot service, in which lateral motion may be desirable.
Improving the Preliminary Values of the Chained CPI-U

This paper employs a constant-elasticity of substitution (CES) index formula to improve the accuracy of the preliminary values of the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U). Using the CES behavioural model, I present estimates of the overall extent of consumer response to relative price changes exhibited in Consumer Expenditure Survey data for 1999-2008. The associated parameter estimates are then used to develop CES forecasts of the final C-CPI-U index values. Simulations demonstrate that use of the CES approach over the last several years would have resulted in smaller index revisions between the preliminary and final C-CPI-U releases. Looking to the future, CES-based preliminary estimates could increase the usefulness of the C-CPI-U to government programs and other users.
On the Use of H.H. for Photoeffect

Why Is a calculation of the cross section for the trinucleon or alpha photoeffect using a truncated expansion in hyperspherical harmonics successful? The photoeffect cross section can be found as an expansion using its moments. The moments, in turn, are based on the ground state wavefunction, for which a truncated H.H. expansion works well.
Overview of different mechanisms of arrestin-mediated signaling

Arrestins are characterized by their ability to selectively bind active, phosphorylated GPCRs and suppress (arrest) receptor coupling to G proteins. Nonvisual arrestins are also signaling proteins in their own right, activating a variety of cellular pathways. Arrestins are highly flexible proteins that can assume many distinct conformations. In their receptor-bound conformation, arrestins have higher affinity for a subset of partners. This explains how receptor activation regulates certain branches of arrestin-dependent signaling via arrestin recruitment to GPCRs. However, free arrestins are also active molecular entities that act in other pathways and localize signaling proteins to particular subcellular compartments, such as cytoskeleton. These functions are regulated by the enhancement or reduction of arrestin affinity for target proteins by other binding partners and by proteolytic cleavage. Recent findings suggest that the two visual arrestins, arrestin-1 and arrestin-4, which are expressed in photoreceptor cells, do not regulate signaling solely via binding to photopigments but also interact with a variety of nonreceptor partners, critically affecting the health and survival of photoreceptor cells. Detailed in this overview are GPCR-dependent and independent modes of arrestin-mediated regulation of cellular signaling pathways.
Secret Settlement Restrictions and Unintended Consequences

This Article evaluates the likely consequences of restrictions on secret settlements. Both the defendant and an early claimant - a claimant who discovers that he or she has a claim before other claimants do - have a strong incentive to maintain secrecy, and they have a variety of means by which they might do so. First, in many cases, a claimant can circumvent restrictions adopted by a single state or federal court by filing suit in a state or court without such restrictions. Second, parties might circumvent secret settlement restrictions adopted by a single state by choosing another state's law to govern the settlement. Third, parties could avoid restrictions on secret settlements in court by settling before the claimant files suit. Finally, many parties could accomplish much the same result as a secret settlement by use of predispute or postdispute arbitration agreements, taking advantage of the privacy of the arbitration process. Indeed, restrictions on secret settlements not only may be ineffective, but in fact may be counterproductive. To the extent the restrictions encourage parties to settle before the claimant files suit or to choose arbitration instead of litigation, they may reduce rather than expand the amount of information available to the public about the dispute. Currently, if the secret settlement occurs after the claimant files suit, the factual allegations in the complaint are a matter of public record for some period of time (at least until the settlement occurs). If secret settlements are prohibited, and the settlement takes place outside of court or the case goes to arbitration, even that information is lost. Thus, rather than increasing the information available to the public about alleged hazards to public health and safety, restrictions on secret settlements may have the unintended consequence of doing exactly the opposite.
NDRG1 links p53 with proliferation-mediated centrosome homeostasis and genome stability

The tumor protein 53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently somatically altered gene in human cancers. Here we show expression of N-Myc down-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is induced by p53 during physiologic low proliferative states, and mediates centrosome homeostasis, thus maintaining genome stability. When placed in physiologic low-proliferating conditions, human TP53 null cells fail to increase expression of NDRG1 compared with isogenic wild-type controls and TP53 R248W knockin cells. Overexpression and RNA interference studies demonstrate that NDRG1 regulates centrosome number and amplification. Mechanistically, NDRG1 physically associates with γ-tubulin, a key component of the centrosome, with reduced association in p53 null cells. Strikingly, TP53 homozygous loss was mutually exclusive of NDRG1 overexpression in over 96% of human cancers, supporting the broad applicability of these results. Our study elucidates a mechanism of how TP53 loss leads to abnormal centrosome numbers and genomic instability mediated by NDRG1.