cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Reasoning in the Evaluation and Management of Undiagnosed Chronic Hip Pain in a Young Adult

This case report describes the clinical reasoning used to manage chronic left hip pain in a 21-year-old woman who was recreationally active. The patient had a history of possible congenital hip dysplasia (CHD) and known recurrent lateral (external) patellar subluxations on the left side. She complained of experiencing hip pain when walking, sitting, playing soccer, and doing “step aerobics.“ Hip range of motion (ROM), muscle force, and joint stability problems were assessed. Abnormal movement patterns were observed during gait and step aerobics. Intervention was based on the working hypothesis that periarticular stiffness and muscle weakness from earlier trauma were superimposed on joint instability from CHD. Following intervention, the patient's hip ROM and muscle force improved concurrently with reduction of hip pain, increased ability to participate in recreational activities, and improvement in the movement pattern during step aerobics. An eclectic approach to analysis of the problem was used, combining data unique to the patient with knowledge of CHD and concepts proposed by Cyriax, Maitland, Sahrmann, and others. The clinical reasoning used to establish a basis for treatment and its limitations are discussed.
Comparison of random mutagenesis and semi-rational designed libraries for improved cytochrome P450 BM3-catalyzed hydroxylation of small alkanes.

Three semi-rational approaches, combinatorial site-saturation mutagenesis (CSSM) using a reduced amino acid set and two libraries based on Corbit and CRAM computational design algorithms targeting up to 10 active site residues, were used to engineer cytochrome P450 BM3 to demethylate dimethyl ether and hydroxylate propane and ethane. These small libraries (343–1028 variants) were all enriched with respect to the fraction functional and maximal activities compared with a random mutagenesis library and individual site-saturation libraries targeting the same residues. Despite high average amino acid substitution levels of 2.6, 5 and 7.5, the CSSM, Corbit and CRAM libraries had at least 75% of library members properly folded. Propane- and ethane-hydroxylating P450 BM3 variants were identified using all three mutagenesis approaches, with as few as two amino acid substitutions. The library designed using the CRAM algorithm, which sought to reduce the size of the binding pocket, produced both a higher number of active variants and variants supporting the greatest number of catalytic turnovers. The most active variant E32 supports 16 800 propane turnovers at 36% coupling, which rivals the activity of variants obtained after 10–12 rounds of directed evolution using random and site-saturation mutagenesis. None of the variants in this study achieved the complete re-specialization for propane hydroxylation (including 93% coupling) previously obtained via multiple rounds of mutagenesis and screening. However, these semi-rational approaches allowed for large jumps in sequence space to variants with the desired functions.
Long-term oral contraceptive treatment, metabolic syndrome and measures of cardiovascular risk in pre-menopausal women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999―2004

Aim. Differences in subclinical cardiometabolic measures were examined as a function of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) treatment duration to compare never-treated women with four OCP-treatment groups ( 10 years).Methods. The NHANES (1999–2004) database was used to evaluate 2089 healthy, pre-menopausal women, aged 18–55 years, with or without OCP history, no other hormonal treatment or history of systemic conditions. Outcome measures included body mass, central obesity, blood pressure, glycemia, insulinemia, lipid profile and inflammation. Analyses evaluated differences in prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), constituent MetS and other clinical risk criteria, as well as outcome magnitudes. Analyses controlled for demographic and health-related variables, and study-eligible conditions.Results. Relative to other groups, women with >10 years OCP-use, and to some extent those with 5–10 years treatment, displayed no differences in prevalence of MetS and most risk criteria. Further analysis...
A REDUCED-BOUNDARY-FUNCTION METHOD FOR LONGITUDINAL SOLUTION DISPERSION IN SYMMETRIC CONFINED FLOWS

We present a reduced-boundary-function method for longitudinal solute transport in symmetric laminar flows. Flow is confined by two flat plates separated by a distance of 2a or by a tube with a radius of a (Figure 1). The standard advection-diffusion equation is mapped onto the boundary (r = a and r = 0, where r is the distance from the centerline shown in Figure 1). The original problem of solving c(x,r,t) is reduced to solve the solutions of c at the boundary, and the problem dimensionality is reduced from 3 to 2. Final results show that the boundary concentration ca(x,t) = c(x, r = a,t) is advected at the mean velocity with a dispersion equal to the molecular diffusion. The centerline concentration c0(x,t) = c(x,r = 0,t) is also advected at the mean velocity, but with a dispersion much larger than the Taylor dispersion. The cross-sectional average concentration is in agreement with the classical Taylor dispersion by neglecting higher order contributions. This study is relevant to the upscaling of solut...
Experiments in nearly homogeneous turbulent shear flow with a uniform mean temperature gradient. Part 2. The fine structure

Previous measurements in nearly homogeneous sheared turbulence with a uniform mean temperature gradient are here supplemented with data on the fine structure of the velocity and temperature fluctuation fields. The statistics of signal derivatives and of band-passed signals show that neither field is locally isotropic in the spectral range covered, possibly because of the insufficiently large turbulent Reynolds and Peclet numbers. Observed skewnesses of both velocity and temperature derivatives are explained qualitatively with the use of a kind of ‘mixing-length’ model. The flatness factors of the derivatives and of band-passed, high-frequency signals indicate appreciable departures from normality, consistent with the spatially ‘spotty’ fine structure. The temperature flatnesses are a bit larger than those of the streamwise velocity. The homogeneous shear flow data are compatible with measurements in turbulent boundary layers at comparable RΛ and PΛθ.
Copland in Argentina: Pan Americanist Politics, Folklore, and the Crisis in Modern Music

Abstract Perhaps more than any other US composer, Aaron Copland is associated with Pan Americanism, a contradictory and often unbalanced set of practices promoting North-South economic and affective ties since the nineteenth century. Copland visited Latin America on behalf of the US government four times over the course of his career. He also befriended and taught Latin American composers, wrote about Latin American music, and composed several Latin-American—themed works, including the well-known El salon Mexico . Focusing on one such encounter—Copland9s three visits to Argentina (1941, 1947, 1963)—this article examines in detail Latin American opinion on Copland9s cultural diplomacy, thus challenging the prevalent one-sided and largely US perspective. My analysis of these Spanish-language sources yields new biographical data on Copland while questioning recent assessments of his Latin American experience. I also illuminate the composer9s conflicted approach to modernism, intimately connected to his desire to communicate with a broad public and to assert national identity. The crisis of modernism not only played itself out in some surprising ways in Argentina but also informed Copland9s profoundly anti modernist vision of Latin American music, one rooted in essentialism and folkloric nationalism and which ultimately prevailed in the United States throughout the late twentieth century.
High-Speed Optical Disdrometer for Rainfall Microphysical Observations

AbstractA high-speed optical disdrometer (HOD) that was developed for measuring rainfall microphysical quantities, including raindrop shape, size distribution, and fall velocity/acceleration, is the subject of this paper. The main components of the HOD are a high-speed video camera, a light-emitting diode (LED) light, and a sensing unit to detect raindrops passing through the camera view frame. The high-speed video camera is directed at the LED light to capture the silhouettes of the backlit drops when triggered by a raindrop that is detected within a specified focal depth by the sensing unit. The use of a sensing unit enables the confinement of a measurement volume around the camera focal plane. This innovative operation principle ensures the capture of sharp images of raindrop silhouettes, which are then digitally processed to provide accurate information on various raindrop characteristics. The measurement capabilities of the HOD were evaluated through both laboratory and field tests. In the laboratory...
Sonographic finDings of morbidly adherent placenta in the first trimester

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between first-trimester sonographic findings and morbidly adherent placenta at delivery. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all first-trimester sonographic examinations from pregnancies that underwent third-trimester sonography for placenta previa or low-lying placenta between September 1997 and October 2011. Only women with a prior cesarean delivery were included. Transabdominal and transvaginal images from these first-trimester studies were reviewed for the following sonographic parameters: distance from the inferior border of the gestational sac to the external cervical os, location of the decidua basalis, presence of anechoic areas, uterine-bladder interface irregularity, and smallest anterior myometrial thickness. Morbidly adherent placentation was confirmed on histologic examination of hysterectomy specimens. Statistical methods included univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Thirty-nine patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 14 (36%) had confirmed placental invasion. The number of prior cesarean deliveries was significantly associated with placental invasion (P < .0001). The only first-trimester sonographic finding associated with invasion was the smallest anterior myometrial thickness measured in the sagittal plane (P< .02). Multivariate analysis based on these two variables yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.00) and significantly improved the prediction of placental invasion compared to using the number of prior cesarean deliveries alone. Conclusions In women with persistent placenta previa or low-lying placenta and prior cesarean delivery, the smallest anterior myometrial thickness on first-trimester sonography significantly improved detection of morbidly adherent placenta.
Leveraging Model Legume Information to Find Candidate Genes for Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Using the Legume Information System

Comparative genomics is an emerging and powerful approach to achieve crop improvement. Using comparative genomics, information from model plant species can accelerate the discovery of genes responsible for disease and pest resistance, tolerance to plant stresses such as drought, and enhanced nutritional value including production of anti-oxidants and anti-cancer compounds. We demonstrate here how to use the Legume Information System for a comparative genomics study, leveraging genomic information from Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), the model legume, to find candidate genes involved with sudden death syndrome (SDS) in Glycine max (soybean). Specifically, genetic maps, physical maps, and annotated tentative consensus and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from G. max and M. truncatula can be compared. In addition, the recently published M. truncatula genomic sequences can be used to identify M. truncatula candidate genes in a genomic region syntenic to a quantitative trait loci region for SDS in soybean. Genomic sequences of candidate genes from M. truncatula can then be used to identify ESTs with sequence similarities from soybean for primer design and cloning of potential soybean disease causing alleles.
Integrated design of downwind land‐based wind turbines using analytic gradients

Wind turbines are complex systems where component-level changes can have significant system-level effects. Effective wind turbine optimization generally requires an integrated analysis approach with a large number of design variables. Optimizing across large variable sets is orders of magnitude more efficient with gradient-based methods as compared with gradient-free method, particularly when using exact gradients. We have developed a wind turbine analysis set of over 100 components where 90% of the models provide numerically exact gradients through symbolic differentiation, automatic differentiation, and adjoint methods. This framework is applied to a specific design study focused on downwind land-based wind turbines. Downwind machines are of potential interest for large wind turbines where the blades are often constrained by the stiffness required to prevent a tower strike. The mass of these rotor blades may be reduced by utilizing a downwind configuration where the constraints on tower strike are less restrictive. The large turbines of this study range in power rating from 5–7MW and in diameter from 105m to 175m. The changes in blade mass and power production have important effects on the rest of the system, and thus the nacelle and tower systems are also optimized. For high-speed wind sites, downwind configurations do not appear advantageous. The decrease in blade mass (10%) is offset by increases in tower mass caused by the bending moment from the rotor-nacelle-assembly. For low-wind speed sites, the decrease in blade mass is more significant (25–30%) and shows potential for modest decreases in overall cost of energy (around 1–2%). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal Serum Analytes as Predictors of Fetal Growth Restriction with Different Degrees of Placental Vascular Dysfunction

Abnormal levels of maternal serum analytes have been associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia secondary to placental vascular dysfunction. Accurately identifying the FGR fetuses at highest risk for adverse outcomes remains challenging. Placental function can be assessed by Doppler analysis of the maternal and fetal circulation. Although the combination of multiple abnormal maternal serum analytes and abnormal Doppler findings is strongly associated with adverse outcomes, the predictive value remains too low to be used as a screening test in a low-risk population. Stratification of cases based on the severity of Doppler abnormalities may improve predictive models.
Combating radiation therapy-induced damage to the ovarian environment.

10.2217/fon-2016-0121 © 2016 Future Medicine Ltd Radiation is a standard cytotoxic therapy that kills cancer cells through DNA damage. However, in addition to eradicating cancer cells, radiation exposure can have the unintended off-target effect of damaging normal tissues that are within the treatment field. For cancer management requiring abdominal, pelvic or total body irradiation, the ovaries are at risk of substantial exposure. The ovary is a privileged organ as it contains the female germline, and it is highly susceptible to radiation damage [1,2]. Females are born with a fixed number of primordial follicles, which comprise the ovarian reserve and dictate an individual’s reproductive lifespan [3]. Because the ovarian reserve is finite and nonrenewable, any factor that damages the follicle pool – such as radiation – can accelerate reproductive aging and lead to premature amenorrhea, subfertility, or even infertility. Such conditions can have significant psycho-social ramifications for patients and may have broader health implications since ovarian hormones are vital for the functioning of other organ systems (e.g., uterine, bone, cardiovascular, brain, immune) [4]. In addition, exposure to ionizing radiation has the risk of introducing heritable genetic mutations that can impact subsequent generations. Thus, there is an urgent need to examine how existing and emerging prevention, mitigation, and treatment strategies function to protect the entire ovarian milieu from radiation damage. The ovary consists of several cell types – all of which contribute to the quality and quantity of the germline – but which are also susceptible to radiation damage. The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary comprised of the oocyte and its companion somatic granulosa cells (GCs). Ovarian follicles are embedded in a microenvironment of extracellular matrix and stroma with its complex array of fibroblasts and thecainterstitial, endothelial, and immune cells. Dividing GCs are thought to be the initial target of radiation damage, with evidence of prominent cell death observed within hours COMMENTARY Special Focus Issue: Oncofertility
Work situatlon of diarrhea outpatient clinics in 2011 in anhui province and countermeas ures

Objective To understand and evaluate the current situation and proposed countermeasures for discovery problem parts of diarrhea outpatient clinics of Anhui Province.Methods Randomly selected 33 diarrhea outpatient clinics to investigate intestinal clinic designed questionnaire survey of intestinal outpatient settings,work carried out in 10 cities in Anhui Province;Export cholera epidemic data in a public health emergency management information system,Statistic the first case treatment of the cholera outbreak in 10 Cities during 2004-August 2011.Results The diarrhea outpatient clinics of over grade-two hospitals is independent of the area accounted for 45.0%;The diarrhea outpatient clinics in over grade-two hospitals,"five room" is independent of the area accounted for 33.3%、"four room" for 11.1%,"three room" for 55.6%,Setting the isolation chamber diarrhea outpatient clinics for 51.5%;The induction or elbow control handwashing facilities accounted for 63.2% in diarrhea outpatient clinics of over grade-two hospitals,the toilet flush toilets mainly accounted for 75.0%.Handwashing facilities are all fingertight in diarrhea outpatient clinics of grade-one hospitals,The toilet to flush shared toilets mainly accounted for 61.5%;The toilet stool of the diarrhea outpatient clinics discharged to private septic tanks only 27.3%(9/33),the rest into a hospital septic tank.Most emergency room triage the proportion of patients with diarrhea above(digestion) Internal Medicine in the grade-two hospitals,Average diversion rate of 5.5%,the highest 17.0%.Vibrio cholerae culture work to carry out in 2011 accounted for 64% of medical institutions are checked,over grade-two hospitals can all carried out,and the grade-one hospitals just a carry.The first cases of cholera in the 10 city each year by the intestinal clinic found 16.7% in August 2004~2011.Other outbreaks found in internal medicine,infectious / Infectious Diseases.Conclusion The diarrhea outpatient clinics in the actual operation is lack of normative,Need to further strengthen the hardware construction,Standardize work processes and systems.
Managing personal health information in the home: strategies of diabetes patients in the US and China

People around the world have developed many strategies to thrive with diabetes by harnessing health information about themselves and the health condition in general. This study examines the information management strategies (i.e., what people do with the information they gathered) employed by diabetes patients and how these strategies help them reach their health outcome goals. We conducted semi-structured one-on-one interviews and photo-documentation with 52 people living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the US and in China. These participants introduced us to a wide variety of information management strategies that take advantage of space, people and technology. Many of these strategies involve intricate data mining, information visualization, space and technology connectivity management, artwork, and other skills and techniques that are not well supported by existing tools, services and the social contexts. Our findings suggest that the personal information management activities observed in previous studies are not independent of one another. Strategies, or a personalized collection of information management activities and information items, can be just as important as their individual parts. Also, US participants reported performing different strategies at different frequencies compared to their Chinese counterparts, supporting that social contexts can influence how people manage their information. These findings can point to important directions of future developments in technology and health care services, as well as their application in various social contexts.
Parametric dose standardization for optimizing two‐agent combinations in a phase I–II trial with ordinal outcomes

A Bayesian model and design are described for a phase I-II trial to jointly optimise the doses of a targeted agent and a chemotherapy agent for solid tumors. A challenge in designing the trial was that both the efficacy and toxicity outcomes were defined as four-level ordinal variables. To reflect possibly complex joint effects of the two doses on each of the two outcomes, for each marginal distribution a generalised continuation ratio model was assumed, with each agent's dose parametrically standardised in the linear term. A copula was assumed to obtain a bivariate distribution. Elicited outcome probabilities were used to construct a prior, with variances calibrated to obtain small prior effective sample size. Elicited numerical utilities of the 16 elementary outcomes were used to compute posterior mean utilities as criteria for selecting dose pairs, with adaptive randomisation to reduce the risk of getting stuck at a suboptimal pair. A simulation study showed that parametric dose standardisation with additive dose effects provides a robust, reliable model for dose pair optimisation in this setting, and it compares favourably with designs based on alternative models that include dose-dose interaction terms. The proposed model and method are applicable generally to other clinical trial settings with similar dose and outcome structures.
Wide-Field Indocyanine Green Angiography

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is an important diagnostic tool in many retinal diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), uveitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. ICGA was first reported for retinal angiography in humans in 1971 [1, 2]. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a tricarbocyanine dye with a molecular weight of 751.4 Da [3]. The excitation wavelength of ICG is 750–800 nm and it fluoresces at over 800 nm wavelengths. These near-infrared wavelengths have better tissue penetrance than wavelengths used in fluorescein angiography, allowing a better view of deeper anatomical and pathological structures such as the choroid with minimal signal disruption from overlying retinal tissue, retinal pigment epithelium, or any fluid, exudate, or hemorrhage that may be present [4]. In addition, ICG is more than 98 % bound to blood lipoproteins, which keeps it almost completely confined to the intravascular space in the absence of pathology and makes it ideal for imaging disorders with choroidal neovascular membranes [5–7].
Heterodyne terahertz detection with plasmonic photomixers

A novel heterodyne terahertz detector is presented that replaces terahertz mixer and local oscillator of conventional heterodyne terahertz detectors with a plasmonic photomixer pumped by an optical local oscillator. The optical local oscillator consists of two wavelength-tunable continuous-wave optical sources with a terahertz frequency difference. As a result, detection bandwidth and sensitivity of the presented heterodyne terahertz detector is not limited by radiation frequency and power restrictions of conventional terahertz sources. We demonstrate a first proof-of-concept heterodyne detector prototype designed for operation at 0.1 THz frequency range, which offers dynamic ranges as high as 70 dB.
Interfacial solvation thermodynamics

Previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the interplay of cavity formation, polarizability, desolvation, and surface capillary waves in driving the interfacial adsorptions of ions and molecules at air-water interfaces. Here we revisit these questions by combining exact potential distribution results with linear response theory and other physically motivated approximations. The results highlight both exact and approximate compensation relations pertaining to direct (solute-solvent) and indirect (solvent-solvent) contributions to adsorption thermodynamics, of relevance to solvation at air-water interfaces, as well as a broader class of processes linked to the mean force potential between ions, molecules, nanoparticles, proteins, and biological assemblies.
Patterns of adjuvant radiation usage and survival outcomes for stage I endometrial carcinoma in a large hospital-based cohort.

Abstract Objective Two randomized trials have demonstrated a local control advantage in the absence of a survival advantage for the addition of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) to surgery in patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC). This study analyzed the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to evaluate the impact of adjuvant RT on overall survival (OS) for patients with stage I EC. Methods Patients with EC who underwent total hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between 2004 and 2011 were queried. Only those with AJCC stage pT1N0M0 were included. Patients surviving Results There were 61,697 patients included. Most women (83.9%) did not receive adjuvant RT. Adjuvant RT usage increased with increasing stage/grade. Usage of brachytherapy alone decreased with increasing stage/grade (78.2% for IA/G1 to 36.1% for IB/G3) corresponding to an increase in the use of EBRT (21.8% for IA/G1 to 53.9% for IB/G3). On multivariable analysis, adjuvant EBRT (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.74–0.93, p=0.002) and brachytherapy (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.74–0.93, p=0.002) were each associated with improved survival for women with stage IB. In the propensity matched cohort, RT was associated with improved survival (0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.92, p Conclusion The use of adjuvant RT for women with stage I EC is highly dependent on stage/grade and is associated with improved survival for stage IB.
Cyberwarfare: Law & Policy Proposals for U.S. & Global Governance

Cybersecurity is the newest and most unique national security issue of the 21st century. The most critical aspect of this issue is the notion of cyberwarfare, which is the use of computer technologies as both defensive and offensive weapons in international relations.Until now, there has been no national debate within the United States over the concept of cyberwarfare; neither its meaning nor the international laws governing this concept have been discussed at any length, to say nothing of the domestic rules regarding it. President Obama’s reliance on a resurrected notion of the “just war doctrine,” as enunciated in his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, heightens the need for legal clarity. Recent developments concerning WikiLeaks and Stuxnet malware further heightens generally the debate over legal rules.The debate over cyberwarfare is only now emerging in the United States, the United Kingdom, and in the foreign policy dialogue between the United States, the Russian Federation, and other nations. “[M]uch of the debate on policies related to cyber war is happening behind closed doors.” National and international understanding and strategy need to be developed, and architecture must be implemented, both nationally and internationally. In December 2009 the United States entered into talks with the Russian Federation on cybersecurity and cyberwarfare. Since 2010 these are now being conducted in the United Nations. In this paper, I address the concept of cyberwarfare in the context of both domestic and international affairs from a legal-political perspective. First, I examine recent government and private reports on cybersecurity and cyberwarfare. Second, I outline what I consider the major issue that confronts the United States and the global system as they struggle to address the dangers of cyberwarfare. Third, I conclude by proposing a method to begin structuring a comprehensive security strategy, taking into consideration the many domestic and global stakeholders.
Making Walking A Crime

Police, prosecutors, and government child protection agencies limit Americans’ ability to walk in two ways. First, anti-jaywalking laws slow down pedestrians by instructing that they can only cross certain parts of a street; this chapter shows that these laws are rooted in special-interest politics rather than concern for public safety, and criticizes the justifications for such laws. Second, child protection agencies and police have sometimes interpreted vague laws prohibiting “child neglect” to mean that children must be supervised by their parents at all times, and thus may not walk alone. This chapter criticizes the safety justifications for those laws, and suggests a model state law to protect child pedestrians and their parents.
Noncanonical Factorizations of Almost Periodic Multivariable Matrix Functions

Noncanonical factorizations of almost periodic matrix-valued functions of several real variables are studied. In particular, results are proved concerning hereditary properties of such factorizations, symmetric factorization of matrix functions that possess certain symmetries, behavior of factorization indices under small perturbations, connections between left and right indices, and relations between factorization and Fredholmness properties of the associated Toeplitz operators. The last section is devoted to uses of factorization for normalization of bases, an important problem in wavelets and other applications. Conjectures and open problems are stated.
Trilineage dyspoiesis caused by transcobalamin II deficiency

![Figure][1] An 11-month-old girl presented with fatigue and vomiting. Complete blood count revealed severe macrocytic anemia (hemoglobin, 2.8 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume, 117 fL), thrombocytopenia (platelets, 117 × 109/L), and normal white blood cell count (13.6 × 109/L). Peripheral
Detection of Replication Competent Lentivirus Using a qPCR Assay for VSV-G.

Lentiviral vectors are a common tool used to introduce new and corrected genes into cell therapy products for treatment of human diseases. Although lentiviral vectors are ideal for delivery and stable integration of genes of interest into the host cell genome, they potentially pose risks to human health, such as integration-mediated transformation and generation of a replication competent lentivirus (RCL) capable of infecting non-target cells. In consideration of the latter risk, all cell-based products modified by lentiviral vectors and intended for patient use must be tested for RCL prior to treatment of the patient. Current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines recommend use of cell-based assays to this end, which can take up to 6 weeks for results. However, qPCR-based assays are a quick alternative for rapid assessment of RCL in products intended for fresh infusion. We describe here the development and qualification of a qPCR assay based on detection of envelope gene sequences (vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein [VSV-G]) for RCL in accordance with Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity, linearity, specificity, and reproducibility of detection of VSV-G sequences, with a low false-positive rate. These procedures are currently being used in our phase 1 clinical investigations.
Uninformed Consent? The Effect of Participant Characteristics and Delivery Format on Informed Consent

Although many people choose to sign consent forms and participate in research, how many thoroughly read a consent form before signing it? Across 3 experiments using 348 undergraduate student partic...
Abstract P240: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the California Teachers Study

Introduction: Previous observational studies have shown a positive association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but many have been relativel...
Full-Information Covariance SEM

Partial least squares path methods elicit only pairwise relationships between latent constructs, though they allude to a more complete “plausible” structure. In the 1950s, the Cowles Commission at the University of Chicago and in the 1970s Karl Joreskog of Uppsala University extended structural equation model methods to incorporate all of the information in the covariance structure, in what are called full-information methods. These methods placed structural equation models on secure statistical footing, allowing confirmatory testing of models of latent constructs. These models are substantially more complex than the crude methods used in PLS-PA, but provide performance measures that moved structural equation models from exploratory analysis into full-fledged hypothesis testing.
Model-Based Stochastic Search Methods

Model-based algorithms are a class of stochastic search methods that have successfully addressed some hard deterministic optimization problems. However, their application to simulation optimization is relatively undeveloped. This chapter reviews the basic structure of model-based algorithms, describes some recently developed frameworks and approaches to the design and analysis of a class of model-based algorithms, and discusses their extensions to simulation optimization.
A comprehensive modeling procedure for estimating statistical properties of forced ignition

Abstract A comprehensive modeling procedure for estimating the probability of ignition with application to high altitude relights of aircraft combustors is developed. In these configurations, an ignitor is used to introduce high-enthalpy discharge into a fuel-laden but stratified flow. Due to the inherent variabilities inflow conditions, kernel discharge process, and the chaotic turbulent flow, ignition cannot be described deterministically, but only as a probabilistic measure. The proposed modeling framework consists of three components. The turbulent flow is represented using the large eddy simulation (LES) framework. The ignition process is modeled using a manifold approach, where the initial kernel evolution is represented using a homogeneous reactor while the latter part of the evolution is represented as a competition between diffusion and chemical reactions using a flamelet-type mapping. A combined lookup table that can track the evolution of the kernel through these two distinct reaction stages is developed. The table lookup variables are solved within the LES framework. The resulting simulation tool is then embedded within an uncertainty quantification approach, where variations in the turbulent flow, as well as operating and kernel properties, are simulated using a Monte-Carlo-based sampling approach. Techniques to reduce computational cost are used to obtain a robust, numerically accurate, and physically representative model for engine relight. The method is validated using experimental data for ignition of methane/air mixtures. Due to the comprehensive nature of the modeling procedure, it is found that the simulation tool reproduces experimentally observed ignition probabilities over a wide range of operating conditions.
Numerical study of thermocapillary migration of a bubble in a channel with an obstruction

Fully resolved numerical simulations are used to examine the thermocapillary motion of a two- and three-dimensional fully deformable bubble in a channel with an obstruction. A front-tracking/finite volume method is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy conservation equation. The results show that, for a fixed obstruction and channel size, the influence coefficient α, defined as the ratio of arrival time in channels with and without an obstruction, increases with increasing Marangoni (Ma) number for both two- and three-dimensional flows, whereas an increase in the Reynolds (Re) number leads to an increase in the influence coefficient in two-dimensional flows but a decrease in three-dimensional flows. Moreover, a change in the Capillary (Ca) number does not have a visible effect on the thermocapillary motion if the width of the narrow part of the channel is larger than the bubble diameter. Results for both two- and three-dimensional flows show that the influence coefficient increases dramatically with an increase in the obstruction size W, and a larger obstruction makes the dependence of α on the fluid parameters more obvious.Fully resolved numerical simulations are used to examine the thermocapillary motion of a two- and three-dimensional fully deformable bubble in a channel with an obstruction. A front-tracking/finite volume method is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy conservation equation. The results show that, for a fixed obstruction and channel size, the influence coefficient α, defined as the ratio of arrival time in channels with and without an obstruction, increases with increasing Marangoni (Ma) number for both two- and three-dimensional flows, whereas an increase in the Reynolds (Re) number leads to an increase in the influence coefficient in two-dimensional flows but a decrease in three-dimensional flows. Moreover, a change in the Capillary (Ca) number does not have a visible effect on the thermocapillary motion if the width of the narrow part of the channel is larger than the bubble diameter. Results for both two- and three-dimensional flows show that the influence coefficient incre...
Using a Multiphase Mixed Methods Triangulation Design to Measure Bystander Intervention Components and Dose of Violence Prevention Programs on College Campuses

As mandated by the 2013 Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act, bystander programs to reduce sexual and intimate partner violence are being adopted in college communities throughout the United States. However, little is currently known about how bystander programs are selected, implemented and experienced by staff and students. In the Multi-College Bystander Efficacy Evaluation (mcBEE) project, we seek to evaluate the relative efficacy of bystander programs at multiple college campuses. In this paper, we describe our mixed methods strategies as a critical first step in achieving our overall goal. We are employing a multi-phase mixed methods triangulation design to gather qualitative and quantitative data on bystander programming and intervention components at 24 college campuses. Specific methods include website reviews of campus programming and staff (Phase 1), web-based key informant surveys (Phase 2), and key informant interviews (Phase 3) over the four-year study period. To date, Phase 1 of data collection is complete and Phases 2 and 3 are ongoing. Survey and key informant interview data will shed light on campus decision-making processes for the adoption of bystander programs and provide program implementation, dose, and fidelity data over time. Data from each phase is being integrated to determine specific bystander intervention components at each campus that will inform analyses measuring relative program efficacy. This paper outlines the protocol and methods for a large-scale evaluation of college-based bystander program efficacy using a multi-phase mixed methods design with multiple forms of data triangulation.
AlleleProfileR: A versatile tool to identify and profile sequence variants in edited genomes

Gene editing strategies, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), are revolutionizing biology. However, quantitative and sensitive detection of targeted mutations are required to evaluate and quantify the genome editing outcomes. Here we present AlleleProfileR, a new analysis tool, written in a combination of R and C++, with the ability to batch process the sequence analysis of large and complex genome editing experiments, including the recently developed base editing technologies.
Identification of multiple potential viral diseases in a large urban center using wastewater surveillance.

Viruses are linked to a multitude of human illnesses and can disseminate widely in urbanized environments causing global adverse impacts on communities and healthcare infrastructures. Wastewater-based epidemiology was employed using metagenomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to identify enteric and non-enteric viruses collected from a large urban area for potential public health monitoring and outbreak analysis. Untreated wastewater samples were collected from November 2017 to February 2018 (n = 54) to evaluate the diversity of human viral pathogens in collected samples. Viruses were classified into virus types based on primary transmission routes and reviewed against viral associated diseases reported in the catchment area. Metagenomics detected the presence of viral pathogens that cause clinically significant diseases reported within the study area during the sampling year. Detected viruses belong to the Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, Matonaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Retroviridae, and Togaviridae families. Furthermore, concentrations of adenovirus, norovirus GII, sapovirus, hepatitis A virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8 were measured in wastewater samples and compared to metagenomic findings to confirm detected viral genus. Hepatitis A virus obtained the greatest average viral load (1.86 × 107 genome copies/L) in wastewater samples compared to other viruses quantified using qPCR with a 100% detection rate in metagenomic samples. Average concentration of sapovirus (1.36 × 106 genome copies/L) was significantly greater than norovirus GII (2.94 × 104 genome copies/L) indicating a higher burden within the study area. Findings obtained from this study aid in evaluating the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology for identification and routine monitoring of various viruses in large communities. This methodology has the potential to improve public health responses to large scale outbreaks and viral pandemics.
Analysis of the correlation between the expression of VEGF and αvβ5 and the ratio of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eif4E)/phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) level in hematopoietic derived cell lines.

3235 It has been recently shown that VEGF is part of an autocrine loop that regulates migration of prostate cancer cells in bone by activating ανβ5 and ανβ3 integrins. The secretion of VEGF has been associated with the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), that favors the translation of 5’-UTR highly structured mRNAs, such as VEGF mRNA in several malignancies. In this study, we studied the association between the secretion of VEGF and ανβ integrins in cells derived from hematological malignancies with high bone tropism such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and multiple myeloma (MM). The level of secretion of VEGF165 measured by ELISA was significantly correlated (R 0.93) with the expression of ανβ5 as measured by flow cytometry in all cells except in MM-derived ARH77 cells. An increased level of surface ανβ5 (88.08 %) was present in this cell line despite low level of VEGF165 secretion (1.49 fold vs control). On the contrary, only HL60 cells (AML) presented combined elevated levels of both ανβ5 (69.16 %) and ανβ3 (45 %) associated with increased level of VEGF165 secretion (16.87 fold vs control). We identified two populations of cells based on the expression of total eIF4E as measured by densitometric analysis of Western blots. AML and MM-derived cells presented higher levels of eIF4E compared to ALCL-derived cell lines. Surprisingly, MM-derived cells ARH77 and HsSultan showed very low levels of VEGF165 (1.49 and 0.95 fold vs control, respectively) despite elevated levels of eIF4E secretion. The initiation of an efficient cap-dependent translation is related to the ratio of eIF4E to phosphorylated 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) that plays an important role in this process. This ratio was inversely related to the level of VEGF165 in MM and AML-derived cells but not in ALCL-derived cells. In conclusion, our data illustrate the complexity of the association of VEGF165 secretion, eIF4E-regulated expression of VEGF and the expression of ανβ5. Further investigation may help in elucidating the complexity of these mechanisms and their role in regulating the migration of hemotopoietic-derived cells in bone and other tissues.
Translation in the Twenty-First Century: Who Needs Scripture?:

Addressing the question “Who needs Scripture?” begins with a reevaluation of assumptions about the function of Bible translation. The differing interactions of several generations with mother-tongu...
Idea Technology and Ideology

Although we are accustomed to thinking about technology as involving things—objects and processes—derived from scientific discoveries, science also creates a technology of ideas, ways of thinking both about the world and about human beings. And unlike “thing technology,” “idea technology” can have powerful effects even when the ideas are false. This paper discusses false idea technology, or ideology, and suggests mechanisms by which it can have effects on both individuals and societies. It discusses neuroscience as the “next frontier” of ideology that may change our conceptions of human nature.
16 Shots and a Cover-up: Legal Remedies for Police Involved Conspiracies

This Note proposes a series of legal remedies aimed at breaking cultures of silence within local police departments.
Experimental Measurement of Compression and Acceleration on Metal Rods Driven by Intense Current

Complex plasma-material interactions are found in many fusion and high energy density experiments. These can dramatically alter the performance of a fusion device, as contaminated fusion fuel does not achieve as high of a temperature and thus fusion yield, due to radiative losses. Magneto-inertial fusion schemes, such as Sandia's MagLIF concept, have metal components that carry increasingly high current density in the vicinity of the plasma. Electrothermal instability of the metal can mix the metal into the plasma, both directly and by seeding magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. Accurate numerical modeling of electrically driven conductors is currently challenging due to uncertainties in the equation of state (EOS) and electrical conductivity, especially during the metal-insulator transition. To supply data for comparison to MHD modeling, photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) was used to measure the surface motion of mm-diameter (6061 and 5N Al, 5N Cu, 4N Ni, and Ti) rods driven to 0.8 MA in 100 ns by the Sandia Mykonos generator. The high quality of the data permitted the initial magnetic compression of rods to be measured for the first time. Uncoated pure (5N) Al rods compressed 40 nm radially before expanding. Subsequently, the reflective surface experiences several changes in acceleration during the current rise. Last, taking advantage of PDV's sensitivity to multiple simultaneous velocities, the time dependence of the distribution of velocities in the reflective material is being investigated to compare with computer simulations of electrothermal and MHD instabilities. The experimental measurements are being used to benchmark MHD calculations, and thereby inform the choice of EOS and conductivity tables for modeling.