cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular Structures, Boundaries, and Networks: Tracing the Fenian Rebellion

In tracking the proliferation of the concept-metaphor of the “cell,” this chapter examines events leading to the Fenian Rebellion, including the Great Hunger of the 1840s and the increasing impoverishment of rural Ireland. It then turns to the rebellion itself and the repercussions of such revolt, including the Fenian “terrorist” activities of the 1880s and echoes of those activities during the formation of the Ulster Volunteer Force in 1912 and the Troubles of 1968–1998 in Northern Ireland. Although the biological cell form was first discovered in the seventeenth century, cell theory was subsequently developed during the nineteenth century when the “cell” centrally framed conceptions of Ireland, which was often constructed in biological terms: while British colonial discourses cast the supposed fecundity of the Irish as a problem to be solved, British legislative policies and colonial practices sought the benefits of Ireland’s fertile lands for imperial capitalist profit. Fenian resistance and its aftermath formed a key site at which colonial and nationalist discourses constructed and deconstructed the intertwining of the Irish “race,” Irish blood, Irish earth, and Irish labor, as seen through a reading of Tom Murphy’s play “Famine” (1968) and Sean O’Casey’s play “The Plough and the Stars” (1926). I next explore an understanding of the “cell” as political philosophy. Extrapolating from Roberto Esposito’s Bios: Biopolitics and Philosophy, I read the prison cell as a strategy of containment by the state to protect the political body through both containment (the quarantine of a virus or contaminant) and purging (the elimination of the same). A study of the early photograph of Fenian prisoners, Fenian O’Donovan Rossa’s prison memoir Irish Rebels in English Prisons (1880), and the imprisoned IRA Volunteer Bobby Sands’s writings from the late 1970s and early 1980s illustrates that immunization within an internal colony, whether Ireland during the nineteenth century or Northern Ireland during the twentieth century, might not only impede the state’s expansion, as theorized by Esposito, but also inadvertently abet its contraction. The chapter ends with a study of the “cell” in Tom Greer’s speculative fiction novel A Modern Daedalus (1885) and George Birmingham’s satirical novel The Red Hand of Ulster (1912). I argue that both novels illustrate how terrorism comes into being in and through the movement of industrial capital, just as industrial capital breeds terrorism as its mutated, and thus seemingly repulsive, clone.
Laboratory Screening for Children Entering Foster Care.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of medical illness detected by laboratory screening in children entering foster care in a single, urban county. METHODS: All children entering foster care in a single county in Ohio were seen at a consultation foster care clinic and had laboratory screening, including testing for infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and tuberculosis as well as for hemoglobin and lead levels. RESULTS: Over a 3-year period (2012–2015), laboratory screening was performed on 1977 subjects entering foster care in a consultative foster care clinic. The prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and tuberculosis were all found to be Chlamydia . A secondary finding was that 54% of subjects were hepatitis B surface antibody–negative, indicating an absence of detected immunity to the hepatitis B virus. CONCLUSIONS: Routine laboratory screening for children entering foster care resulted in a low yield. Targeted, rather than routine, laboratory screening may be a more clinically meaningful approach for children entering foster care.
Thermal therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding

Thermal therapies were the initial forms of endoscopic treatment for GI bleeding more than 20 years ago. Other new technologies have emerged, but thermal treatment with multipolar coagulation or heat probe therapy remains as good as newer techniques. Initial hemostasis rates continue to be 90% or greater. However, rebleeding in about 15% remains a problem. The devices are safe and generally affordable.
Challenges of a new quarry five miles from a plant

This document is a case study outlining the electrical challenges faced by an international cement producer when interfacing a new quarry located approximately five miles from the existing plant. The existing quarry adjacent to the plant has nearly exhausted the limestone natural resource prominent in cement production. After studying several options, the corporation concluded a five mile long conveying system to be the most economical and stable long term solution for transporting stone from the new quarry to the plant. The longest single portion of the new conveyor is approximately 4.5 miles long. With limited rural electrical power available it was most efficient to utilize power from the existing plant to feed the new quarry. Electrical challenges faced include voltage drop, coordination of variable frequency drives approximately 4.5 miles apart, wireless mobile management at the crusher in the new quarry, voice and data communications along the conveyor, five miles of control and safety interlocks, and four new substations to be installed in remote locations.
Health care expenditures among elderly patients with epilepsy in the United States.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate health care expenditures among elderly patients with epilepsy in the United States. METHODS We performed an analysis of weighted 37 738 607 US participants aged 65 years to estimate health care expenditures in the elderly with and without epilepsy using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, with 2003-2014 data. Unadjusted health care expenditures were estimated. Independent health care expenditures were estimated, using a 2-part model. RESULTS We identified 416 496 (1.1%) older individuals with epilepsy. Comorbidities were more prevalent among older individuals with epilepsy versus younger individuals. Mean unadjusted yearly medical cost of epilepsy in elderly patients with epilepsy was $18 712 (95% confidence interval [CI] = $15 947-$21 476) during the pooled period 2003-2014, which was nearly double the equivalent cost in elderly subjects without epilepsy at $10 168 (95% CI = $9925-$10 410). Mean unadjusted annual medical cost of epilepsy in the elderly increased by $2135 from $15 850 (95% CI = $10 668-$21 032) in 2003-2006 to $17 985 (95% CI = $13 710-$22 260) in 2011-2014. Adjusted mean total health care expenditures per person per year for elderly patients with epilepsy were $12 526 in 2003-2006, $13 423 in 2007-2010, and $10 569 in 2011-2014. Adjusted incremental health care costs associated with epilepsy in the elderly accrued by $4595 (95% CI = $2399-$6791) when compared to elderly subjects without epilepsy. We estimated the mean annual aggregate cost of epilepsy at $7.8 billion to the US population. SIGNIFICANCE Epilepsy is common among elderly individuals, and health care expenditures among this growing group are 2 times higher than in those without epilepsy.
Free Boundary Problems in Mechanics

Free boundary problems are defined and illustrated by several problems in mechanics. First the problem of finding the free surface of a liquid in hydrostatic equilibrium is considered. Then the effect of surface tension is taken into account. Finally, the contact of an inflated membrane, such as a balloon or tire, with a solid surface is formulated. This problem is solved by the method of matched asymptotic expansions when the contact area is small.
Evolution of Plant Genome Analysis

Here, I present a brief history and technical overview of key genome analysis methods developed prior to massively parallel DNA sequencing. Disciplines discussed include cytology/cytogenetics, genome size analyses, DNA reassociation kinetics, genetic mapping, and physical mapping. These tools have been crucial in advancing our knowledge of plant genomes and have been useful in guiding and validating whole genome sequencing efforts. While some of these methods will likely fade into obscurity, others may become even more useful as focus shifts from DNA sequence to higher-order genome (chromatin) structure.
Philosophical Issues in Ecology

Ecology endeavors to explain significant portions of the living world. The sophisticated experimental tests and mathematical theories developed to do so deserve much more attention from philosophers of science. This paper describes some of the main contours of the newly emerging field of philosophy of ecology: how an ecological perspective shaped Darwin’s theory, particularly the niche concept and the idea that there is a “balance of nature”; the character and metaphysical status of biological communities; whether there are laws of ecology; and the concept of ecological stability. As these topics illustrate, ecology concerns a diverse conceptual terrain and an interesting set of theoretical and methodological issues that provide rich grist for philosophy.
Best Interests or Harm to Reverse Parental Decisions: Each in Its Own Domain.

The justification for restrictive state intervention (RSI) such as criminal punishment or state reversal of parental decisions is called a limiting, or intervention (Buchanan and Brock 1989, 10), p...
From the Moors to the New World: Lessons from Dynamic Water Sharing for a Colonial-Era System in the Indus

This project is a close study of the legal and political aspects of management of water resources in semi-arid environments. The British in India laid the foundations of the modern irrigation system in what is now India and Pakistan. In semi-arid environments, the bulk of agriculture relies on irrigation, as it did in Spain under the Moors. We can observe a stark divide in the use of laws and institutions to manage natural resources in different societies, at different times and places. Some societies have managed in a way that achieved prosperity and long-term sustainability. Others have mismanaged so as to create ecological devastation and social stagnation. The Moors of Spain created a vibrant civilization in the Middle Ages that lasted nearly eight hundred years. One of the reasons for the dynamism of their civilization was their judicious management of water resources on which foundation they created a thriving agricultural economy that produced the economic surplus for their vibrant urban culture. Of particular interest for my project is what I regard as the essence of Moorish water management: its management of scarcity by borrowing principles from the great cradles of civilization, Mesopotamia and the Nile, which built abundance in harsh environments, along with principles of use, reuse and justice as conceived of in the Quran. These sets of principles, I shall argue, yielded a society that wasted no drop of its precious waters and adopted and innovated to create new technologies, infrastructure, norms and institutions. The British in India meanwhile laid the foundations of water-sharing in a way that to this day reifies rural hierarchy and leads to social and economic stagnation while devastating the environment. In this project of comparison, I draw relevant lessons from Moorish water systems for today's management of water resources across countries.
Tracking of oxide formation in laser-produced uranium plasmas.

We use a spatially and temporally resolved emission tracking technique based on optical emission spectroscopy to map the evolution of emission features from uranium and its compounds in a plasma produced by a nanosecond laser. We observe quenching of the emission from neutral uranium (591.538 nm) and uranium monoxide (593.55 nm) species with increasing oxygen concentration and discuss possible reaction pathways for dissociation or formation of higher uranium oxides (UxOy). We further identify spectral features between 320 nm and 380 nm and between 520 nm and 640 nm, which we attribute to UxOy.
Property, Concepts, and Functions

This article makes two suggestions for ongoing debates about property concepts. First, these debates have focused too much on concepts for ownership; they have neglected concepts that cover property rights weaker than rights of ownership but still robust enough to constitute rights in relation to ownable resources. Second, these same debates have neglected the roles that artifact functions might play in property concepts. Property rights are artifacts, and functions play crucial roles in artifacts and the concepts that represent them. The Article confirms both suggestions via a close study of one particular property concept. That concept is prominent in Anglo-American property common law. In that concept’s focal sense, a property right refers to: an immunized and in rem claim-right; given institutional status in law and social morality; in relation to a separable resource; to facilitate the beneficial use of that resource and other resources commonly proximate to it. This concept gets its structure from a function, the imperative that property rights be structured to serve different people’s correlative interests in using resources for rational well-being. This concept explains why the field of property rights covers not only rights of sole ownership but also nonpossessory rights and rights in concurrent estates. To illustrate, the Article studies: legal interests in tenancies in common; easements; revocable licenses; mortgages; covenants running with the land; riparian rights; and appropriative rights and appurtenant ditch easements.
Beliefs about Using Smartphones for Health Behavior Change: An Elicitation Study with Overweight and Obese Rural Women.

Despite increased interest in developing mobile technology-based interventions, little research has examined preferences and beliefs about using smartphones for psychosocial or health behavior change interventions, particularly among women with overweight/obesity residing in rural communities. The aims of this study were to examine the beliefs of pre- and inter-conceptional women about using smartphones and to examine the extent to which women’s preferences for using smartphones changed as a result of participating in study interviews. Forty women (M age = 28.2 years; M BMI = 31.4; 50% obese) participated in one-time 90-min interviews and completed questionnaires before and after the interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the frequency of women’s preferences for using smartphones and applications. Interviews were downloaded and transcribed; principles of thematic analysis were used to code the interviews and identify themes. Women identified advantages of using smartphones for behavioral interventions, including being convenient, useful, and able to provide social support. Primary disadvantages were annoyances and needing technology support for phone problems. Participating in interviews also resulted in significant improvements in participant willingness to use smartphones in health behavior change interventions. The study findings highlight the importance of understanding beliefs about using smartphones before designing effective smartphone-based interventions, especially for use with pre- and inter-conceptional women with overweight/obesity who may have unique challenges with study adherence. These findings also suggest beliefs about smartphone utility can be improved over the course of a brief interview that taps into technology-related preferences. Identifying advantages/disadvantages of smartphone use can inform intervention design. Future research should explore how to capitalize on strategies that enable the benefits of technology (e.g., convenience, social support) while minimizing participant barriers (e.g., distractions) to promote behavior change and facilitate intervention compliance.
Chapter 21 – C8

Complement C8 consists of three polypeptide chains C8α (Mr ∼ 64,000), C8β (Mr ∼ 63,500) and C8γ (Mr ∼ 20,400). C8α and C8γ are held together by a disulphide bond, and C8β is noncovalently associated with these. C8α and C8β are homologous and related to C6, C7, C9 and perforin; however, C8γ is a lipocalin family member. C8 is part of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that is a multiprotein (C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9) pore assembly (∼100 A) capable of embedding through phospholipid membranes. Each of the polypeptide chains of C8α and C8β consists of a single domain of ∼260 amino acids called the MACPF and four cysteine-rich modules (32–55 amino acids), whereas C8γ is a single-domain β-barrel. C8 adds to the C5b7 complex creating C5b8. Subsequent addition of C9 completes the assembly. The genes for C8α and β are closely linked on the short arm of chromosome 1, while that of C8γ is on the long arm of chromosome 9 . C8 fulfils an important role in immunity as rare genetic deficiencies in this protein render human subjects susceptible to neisserial infections.
A Strategy to Support the Communication of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Communication is an essential skill that develops in early childhood and links to later academic and social success. However, some children, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), strug...
United States Pediatric Ethics Consult Service Requests: Why, Who, and Sufficient?

Purpose Limited data exists regarding the use of pediatric ethics consultation services (PECS) with respect to consult triggers, subspecialty use of PECS, and opinions on the current utility of PECS. This quantitative survey of pediatric ethics consultation leaders sought to provide data related to these three areas. Methods All survey questions and their responses were developed based upon the results of a qualitative, pilot study. Tertiary and quaternary children’s hospitals were selected from the Children’s Hospital Association directory. Pediatric ethics consultation leaders were then identified using hospital websites …
Technology transfer and the public good

Something is rotten in university patent policy. Universities and patents are both supposed to promote the public good. But sometimes, patents may encourage universities to pursue goals inconsistent with the public good. In 1980, the Bayh-Dole Act amended the Patent Act to allow universities to patent inventions and discoveries funded by federal grants. In response, universities began creating “technology transfer” offices in order to help researchers file patent applications and license university patents. Some university technology transfer offices are successful, generating substantial revenue for the university. But most are not and operate at a loss. Even more troubling, university patents and technology transfer offices may be economically inefficient. In theory, universities should patent inventions and discoveries only when it is socially beneficial, and should fund socially valuable research, irrespective of its likelihood of generating patentable inventions and discoveries. But currently, universities have an incentive to patent all of the patentable research they generate, even if doing so reduces the public benefit generated by that research. They also have an incentive to patent inventions and discoveries that have no commercial value, because the patent may still have litigation value. And they may even have an incentive to invest more heavily in research that is likely to generate patentable inventions and discoveries than research that is not, irrespective of the social value of the research. While universities should resist those incentives, the evidence suggests that many cannot. Maybe the government can help? Obviously, it could largely eliminate the incentive for universities to patent research by repealing Bayh-Dole and making most university research unpatentable. But sometimes, university patents may be justified. If a university generates a commercially valuable invention or discovery, why shouldn’t it be able to claim some of the value of that invention or discovery from the private companies that ultimately commercialize it? After all, universities can use that additional revenue to fund more research and benefit the public in other ways. However, the government could make university patents more efficient by clarifying the standards for patentability and reducing the bias in favor of patentable research. While universities are hardly alone in filing some weak patent applications, reducing uncertainty about patentability would enable them to streamline their patenting efforts. In addition, the government could increase the efficiency of university patents by instructing public grantmakers to prioritize funding research that is unlikely to produce patentable inventions or discoveries. And universities could better align their patent policies with their public purpose and mitigate risk by pooling their patents and sharing the profits.
Identifying Feasible Workpiece Placement with Respect to Redundant Manipulator for Complex Manufacturing Tasks

Successfully completing a complex manufacturing task requires finding a feasible placement of the workpiece in the robot workspace. The workpiece placement should be such that the task surfaces on the workpiece are reachable by the robot, the robot can apply the required forces, and the end-effector/tool can move with the desired velocity. This paper formulates the problem of identifying a feasible placement as a non-linear optimization problem over the constraint violation functions. This is a computationally challenging problem. We show that this problem can be solved by successively searching for the solution by incrementally applying different constraints. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using several complex workpieces.
EMR quantity autopopulation removal on hospital discharge prescribing patterns: Implications for opioid stewardship.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Prescription drug stewardship is critical. Autopopulation(AP) of medication quantities may influence prescriber behaviour. We investigate the impact of AP removal(APR) on opioid prescribing. METHODS Inpatient and emergency department(ED) discharges with opioid pain medications 2 years before and after APR were identified. Milligrams of morphine equivalents(MMEs) prescribed were recorded. Group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman's rho was used to analyse correlations between pain level and quantity of prescribed opioids. Mann-Kendall tests assessed trends in prescription patterns. Generalized estimating equations assessed trends in total quantity of prescribed MME. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 53 608 patient encounters were included for analysis. In surgical patients, there were no trends in the frequency of prescriptions below, at or above the AP quantity pre-APR. Post-APR, there was a decrease in the percentage of prescriptions written for the AP quantity(τ = -.493, P = .001) and an increase in prescriptions for 30 tablets and a greater percentage of prescriptions for 30 tablets and resulted in an increase in larger prescriptions. Multivariate analysis of the total prescribed quantity of MME found no significant trend across months for inpatients prior to and after APR (0.997, P = .065 and 1.003, P = .142; respectively). The ED model found a monthly downward trend in amount of prescribed MME prior to and after APR (0.986, P < .001 and 0.990, P < .001; respectively). In the inpatient setting, pain was positively correlated to discharge MME (ρ = .028, P < .001); with those reporting the highest pain receiving the greatest amount of opioids both pre- and post-APR. Interestingly, in the ED, this finding was negatively correlated (ρ = -.086, P < .001); with those reporting the lowest pain receiving the greatest amount of opioids both pre- and post-APR. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS AP removal may have unintended consequences, such as increased prescriptions for greater quantities. To drive down prescription amounts, lower anchor values may be of more utility than APR. The poor correlation of pain values with prescribed medications warrants further investigation.
An Automatic Synthesizer of Advising Tools for High Performance Computing

This article presents Egeria, the first automatic synthesizer of advising tools for High-Performance Computing (HPC). When one provides it with some HPC programming guides as inputs, Egeria automatically constructs a text retrieval tool that can advise on what to do to improve the performance of a given program. The advising tool provides a concise list of essential rules automatically extracted from the documents and can retrieve relevant optimization knowledge for optimization questions. Egeria is built based on a distinctive multi-layered design that leverages natural language processing (NLP) techniques and extends them with HPC-specific knowledge and considerations. This article presents the design, implementation, and both quantitative and qualitative evaluation results of Egeria.
What I resist persists: the Protect LDS Children movement as a narrative space of dissent

This study examined 250 posts to the Protect LDS Children website, a counter-institutional movement seeking the end of private youth interviews with male Bishops that ask sexually explicit question...
Severe hypercalcemia and hypernatremia in a patient treated with canagliflozin

Drugs that inhibit the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) are an exciting novel, insulin-independent treatment for diabetes that block glucose reabsorption from the proximal tubules of the kidney, leading to increased glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels. Inhibition of SGLT2 activity also reduces sodium reabsorption, which together with glycosuria produces a mild diuretic effect with the potential for dehydration and hyperkalemia. We report on a 60-year-old man with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, glimepiride, metformin and canagliflozin, who was admitted with altered mental status after a syncopal episode. He had a 1-week history of ingestion of Tums for heartburn followed by poor appetite and lethargy. Laboratory work-up showed acute kidney injury, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and parathyroid hormone-independent severe hypercalcemia of 17.4 mg/dl. DKA resolved with insulin treatment, and saline hydration led to improvement in hypercalcemia and renal function over 48 h, but was accompanied by a rapid increase in the serum sodium concentration from 129 to 162 mmol/l despite changing fluids to 0.45% saline. Urine studies were consistent with osmotic diuresis. Hypernatremia was slowly corrected with hypotonic fluids, with improvement in his mental status over the next 2 days. This is the first report of hypercalcemia associated with the use of a SLGT2 inhibitor. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, canagliflozin may predispose to hypercalcemia in patients ingesting excessive calcium because of dehydration from osmotic diuresis, with reduced calcium excretion and possible increased intestinal calcium absorption. Saline therapy and osmotic diuresis may lead to hypernatremia from electrolyte-free water loss. Learning points Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, may cause hypercalcemia in susceptible patients. Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, dehydration from osmotic diuresis and increased intestinal calcium absorption play a role. Close monitoring of serum calcium levels is recommended in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors who are elderly, have established hypercalcemia, or take oral calcium supplements. Saline therapy and osmotic diuresis may lead to hypernatremia from electrolyte-free water loss in susceptible patients.
Inhibition by rutin of capillary injury by alpha-radiation in rats.

Rutin administered subcutaneously or by implantation can protect the rat against increased capillary fragility due to irradiation with alpha particles.
Changes in Glycosphingolipids Accompanying the Differentiation of Human Squamous SQCC/Y1 Cells

SqCC/Y1 cells grow as a monolayer in culture and differentiate when maintained in the plateau phase; in the absence of serum these cells differentiate more rapidly. The differentiation is characterized by the stratification of the culture to form a structure consisting of several cellular layers, synthesis of specific keratins, and the attainment of the capacity to form a cornified cell membrane. The stratification process is indicative of the importance of cell-cell interactions during maturation. To study the relationship between membrane glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and the state of differentiation of SqCC/Y1 cells, GSLs were measured in cultures grown in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum. Glycolipids were isolated by diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex and Iatrobeads column chromatographies, and their distributions were determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. GM3 was the major ganglioside present in these cells. Other ganglioside components were tentatively identified as GM2, GM1, and GD3. Differences in ganglioside patterns were observed in differentiated cultures; the major changes were accumulation of GD3 and depletion of GM1. The predominant neutral GSLs in SqCC/Y1 cells were identified as Glc beta 1-1Cer, Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, Gal beta 1-4Gal alpha 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, Gal NAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, and three unknown complex GSLs. Differentiated cultures, however, showed variations in banding patterns, which include an increase in Glc beta 1-1Cer and Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer and a decrease in Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer and Gal NAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta-1Cer. These changes, however, were not observed when the cells were grown in the presence of epidermal growth factor or retinoic acid, factors which inhibit the differentiation process. The findings demonstrate significant changes in glycolipid composition of differentiated SqCC/Y1 cells grown in the absence of serum, suggesting that these lipids may be important to the differentiated state.
The health action process approach applied to African American breast cancer survivors

Background The health action process approach (HAPA) is a relevant model for understanding physical activity (PA), yet it has not been examined in cancer survivors or minorities. In this study, we assessed the HAPA in African American breast cancer survivors using covariance modeling. Methods A total of 304 African American breast cancer survivors (mean age = 54 years) participated in a Web-based survey assessing demographic and medical characteristics as well as constructs of the HAPA. A two-step covariance modeling approach was used to assess the structural relationships among the constructs. Results The hypothesized measurement model fit the data; however, general severity was not significantly associated with the remaining constructs. General severity was removed, and the fit did not change significantly. The final adjusted model provided a reasonable fit to the data and accounted for significant variance in intentions (49%) and PA (42%). Action (β = 0.1, p < 0.01) and coping (β = 0.3, p < 0.01) planning mediated the relationship between intentions and behavior. Conclusions The HAPA appears to be a relevant model for understanding PA in African American breast cancer survivors. However, more work is needed to determine whether these relationships can be replicated in other breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations at the Darkener of Apricot Locus Modulate Transcript Levels of Copia and Copia-Induced Mutations in Drosophila Melanogaster

Mutations of the Doa locus of Drosophila melanogaster darken the eye color of the copia-induced white(apricot) (w(a)) allele and increase the accumulation of white promoter-initiated transcripts encoding functional mRNA. We show here that quantities of transcripts initiated in both long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the specific w(a)-copia element are increased, and those initiating in the 5' LTR of the element are structurally altered, yielding a slightly shortened transcript. Accumulation of host-initiated transcripts of a copia-induced mutation within the achaete-scute complex, Hairy-wing(Ua) (Hw(Ua)), are reduced by Doa mutations. Finally, we show that homozygosity for Doa mutations increases the accumulation of copia transcripts from the population of elements in the genome. These results suggest that Doa modulates the severity of copia-induced mutations while functioning as a dosage-sensitive modulator of copia transcription.
Acute coronary syndromes in deployed military personnel.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the cardiovascular (CV) risk profile of deployed military men who experience acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data sources: A retrospective record review of deployed military men who experienced ACS while deployed and were treated at an overseas military medical center between 2001 and 2007 was conducted to obtain the information for this descriptive study (N= 100). Conclusions: Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 82% of the sample, and 18% experienced unstable angina. Subjects’ mean age was 44.7 years (SD± 7.6; range 29–60) and most were enlisted and reservists. Risk factors included a family history of premature coronary artery disease (41%) and smoking (47%) as well as a history of hyperlipidemia (48%), hypertension (28%), and glucose abnormalities (6%). The group was overweight (BMI 27.77 kg/m2± 3.2) and low risk for CV events (Framingham risk score 7.8%[± 4.4]). Implications for practice: Young military men are regarded as the epitome of health and fitness; however, findings from this study suggest that this generally low-risk group do indeed have multiple CV risk factors and experience ACS. Early risk factor assessment and modification, including smoking cessation, weight management, and improving dyslipidemia, is essential.
Direct measurement of switch-mode pulse modulation

A digitally precise time-interval to voltage converter (TVC) is described. The TVC converts timing variants to voltage variations. Since measurements are available pulse-by-pulse without interruption, a TVC can reliably isolate intermittent timing faults. Since the output signal is available in real time, a TVC makes possible the correlation of timing modulations with voltage and current waveforms. The TVC offers a direct method of viewing and measuring pulse modulation dynamics that bypasses the cumbersome and indirect techniques currently in use. This leads to more efficient troubleshooting and more thorough design verification of switch-mode converters. >
The profile drag of a hawk's wing, measured by wake sampling in a wind tunnel

The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris9 hawk9s wing was sampled using a wake rake consisting of 15 pitot tubes and one static tube. The hawk was holding on to a perch, but at an air speed and gliding angle at which it was capable of gliding. The perch was instrumented, so that the lift developed by the wing was known and the lift coefficient could be calculated. The mean of 92 estimates of profile drag coefficient was 0.0207, with standard deviation 0.0079. Lift coefficients ranged from 0.51 to 1.08. Reynolds numbers were nearly all in the range 143000–194000. The estimates of profile drag coefficient were reconcilable with previous estimates of the wing profile drag of the same bird, obtained by the subtractive method, and also with values predicted by the ‘Airfoil-ii’ program for designing aerofoils, based on a digitized wing profile from the ulnar region of the wing. The thickness of the wake suggested that the boundary layer was mostly or fully turbulent in most observations and separated in some, possibly as an active means of creating drag for control purposes. It appears that the bird could momentarily either increase or decrease the profile drag of specific parts of the wing, by active changes of shape, and it appeared to use the carpo-metacarpal region especially for such control movements. Further investigation in a low turbulence wind tunnel would help to resolve doubts about the possible influence of airstream turbulence on the behaviour of the boundary layer. Note: Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, England.
Membrane desmosterol and the kinetics of the sarcolemmal Na+,K+-ATPase in myotonia induced by 20,25-diazacholesterol.

Abstract The kinetics of the sarcolemmal Na+,K+-ATPase were studied in rats made myotonic by treatment with 20,25-diazacholesterol (20,25-D; 200 mg/kg every 14 days). Overall Na+,K+-ATPase activity in purified sarcolemma increased from 44.6 ± 8.7 nmol Pi/mg protein−1 min−1 in controls to 77.7 ± 7.9 nmol mg−1 min−1 in treated animals whose membrane desmosterol concentrations exceeded 70% of total membrane sterol. In general the activity of this enzyme paralleled the desmosterol content of the sarcolemma. The total number of enzyme units, however, was not changed as evidenced by [3H]ouabain binding and by measurements of steady-state phosphorylated intermediate in the absence of K+. Independent measurements of the Na+,K+-ATPase dephosphorylation partial reaction in 20,25-D sarcolemma revealed no change from control rats at any temperature between 5 and 40°C; the K+ dependence of this reaction was also unchanged. Rates of phosphoprotein formation inferred from measurements of steady-state phosphorylated intermediate under various ionic conditions were also not altered by increasing desmosterol. Kinetic analysis suggests that the increase in overall Na+,K+-ATPase activity in membranes with high concentrations of desmosterol may reflect an increase in the rate of conformational interchange between two states of the enzyme during its activity cycle.
Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe

For thirty years, simple crop water balance models have been used by the early warning community to monitor agricultural drought. These models estimate and accumulate actual crop evapotranspiration, evaluating environmental conditions based on crop water requirements. Unlike seasonal rainfall totals, these models take into account the phenology of the crop, emphasizing conditions during the peak grain filling phase of crop growth. In this paper we describe an analogous metric of crop performance based on time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. A special temporal filter is used to screen for cloud contamination. Regional NDVI time series are then composited for cultivated areas, and adjusted temporally according to the timing of the rainy season. This adjustment standardizes the NDVI response vis-a-vis the expected phenological response of maize. A national time series index is then created by taking the cropped-area weighted average of the regional series. This national time series provides an effective summary of vegetation response in agricultural areas, and allows for the identification of NDVI green-up during grain filling. Onset-adjusted NDVI values following the grain filling period are well correlated with U.S. Department of Agriculture production figures, possess desirable linear characteristics, and perform better than more common indices such as maximum seasonal NDVI or seasonally averaged NDVI. Thus, just as appropriately calibrated crop water balance models can provide more information than seasonal rainfall totals, the appropriate agro-phenological filtering of NDVI can improve the utility and accuracy of space-based agricultural monitoring.
One-Stage Repair and Unifocalization for Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries in Early Infancy

correction. Manipulation of these aortopulmonary collaterals in attempts at unifocalization can produce iatrogenic occlusion in the form of scarring or anastomotic stenoses. Major aortopulmonary collaterals without obstruction can lead to pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in the segments supplied by these collaterals. A single-stage correction in early infancy, before stenosis can occur, and before irreversible pulmonary vascular obstructive disease can occur, would logically be an ideal strategy for managing this otherwise frustrating condition. The earlier in life that the greatest number of healthy lung segments can be incorporated into the unifocalized pulmonary circulation, the more likely one is to capitalize on the tremendous potential for additional growth and development of the pulmonary circulation and parenchyma that exist in early infancy.
A viscoelastic-aware experimentally-derived model for analog RF MEMS varactors

In this paper we present, for the first time, an experimentally-extracted model for the spring constant and tuning range of an analog RF-MEMS varactor that includes viscoelastic effects in RF-MEMS devices. By utilizing a bi-state bias condition with one state lasting 60 minutes and the other 1 minute, this model focuses on capturing the true electromechanical behavior of the varactor. An experimental setup with very high long-term accuracy is created to measure capacitance of the varactor up to 1,370 hours. The impact of these effects and the effectiveness of the model are demonstrated on a tunable-resonator loaded with RF-MEMS varactors.
Mechanism of the Reaction of Alkynes with a “Constrained Geometry” Zirconaaziridine. PMe3 Dissociates More Rapidly from the Constrained Geometry Complex than from its Cp2 Analogue

The “constrained geometry” (cg) zirconaaziridines Me4C5SiMe2N(tBu)Zr-(η2)-[N(Ph)CH(Ph)](PMe2R) (R = Me, Ph) have been synthesized, and the R = Ph derivative has been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Treatment of these zirconaaziridines with unsaturated electrophiles such as diphenylacetylene results in insertion. Kinetic data for these irreversible reactions indicate that PMe3 dissociation must occur prior to insertion and that PMe3 dissociation from the cg zirconaaziridine 4a is faster (k1 = 0.204(7) s−1) than from the Cp2 zirconaaziridine 5a (k1′ = 0.0013(1) s−1). The reaction of 4a with diphenylacetylene is several orders of magnitude faster than the reaction of 5a with diphenylacetylene.
CORRELATIVE STUDIES OF TRACK-ETCH BEHAVIOUR AND CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LITHOGRAPHIC POLYMER RESISTS.

ABSTRACT Two independent applications have emerged in recent years for highly radiation-sensitive polymers: as resists for production of micro-electronic circuitry and as materials to record the tracks of energetic nuclear particles. The relief images used for masking in resist materials are generated by radiation-induced differential dissolution rates and the techniques used in recording nuclear particle tracks employ differential etching processes, that is, development by a chemical etchant that actually degrades the polymer. We have found that the sensitivity of materials to these very different processes is related to their γ-ray scission efficiency (G of scission). This correlation provides a method for predicting radiation sensitivity of polymers.
Influence of BK7 substrate solarization on the performance on hafnia and silica multilayer mirrors

Transport mirrors within the National Ignition Facility, a 192-beam 4-MJ fusion laser at 1053 nm, will be epxosed to backscattered light from plasmas created from fusion targets and backlighters. This backscattered light covers the UV and visible spectrum from 351 - 600 nm. The transport mirror BK7 substrates will be intentionally solarized to absorb >95% of the backscattered light to prevent damage to the metallic mechanical support hardware. Solarization has minimal impact on the 351- 1053-nm laser-induced damage threshold or the reflected wavefront of the multilayer hafnia silica coating. Radiation sources of various energies were examined for BK7 darkening efficiency within the UV and visible region with 1.1 MeV gamma rays from a Cobalt 60 source ultimately being selected. Finally, bleaching rates were measured at elevated temperatures to generate a model for predicting the lifetime at ambient conditions (20°C), before solarized BK7 substrates exceed 5% transmission in the UV and visible region. Over a 30-mm thickness, BK7 glass will bleach in 10 years to 5% transmission at 600 nm, the most transmissive wavelengths over the 351 - 600 nm regions.
Interaction of optical lasers with atomic nuclei.

Nuclear transitions induced by an optical laser coupled to atomic electrons are examined in the context of a soluble model obtained by replacing the Coulomb field of the electrons by a harmonic oscillator. The results indicate that present lasers are marginal for causing this effect, but reasonable extrapolations in intensity and frequency would lead to experimental tests. Choosing the oscillator constant to reproduce realistic atomic radii results in nuclear electric dipole transitions that are potentially observable but that higher electric moments will be too small.
Higher sperm DNA damage in semen from men with spinal cord injuries compared with controls

Semen from men with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and control subjects was investigated for sperm DNA damage using the sperm chromatin structure assay. Three experiments were performed. In experiment 1, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was compared in semen from SCI subjects and control subjects. In experiment 2, the % DFI was determined in repeated ejaculations to examine the effect of anejaculation on DFI. In experiment 3, the DFI was determined in neat vs processed semen to examine the effect of necrospermia or leukocytospermia on DFI. The results of experiment 1 showed a significantly higher mean (+/- SEM) DFI in the semen of SCI subjects (65.2% +/- 6.6%; range, 42.3%-90.8%) compared with control subjects (15.4% +/- 2.9%; range, 5.4%-33.5%; P < .001). In experiment 2, there was a high correlation between the DFIs obtained in the first semen specimens and the DFIs obtained 3 days later in semen of the same SCI subjects (r(s) = .94; P < .02). In experiment 3, the results showed no significant difference between mean DFI in aliquots of neat semen (79.3% +/- 9.9%) vs matched aliquots of semen processed to remove dead sperm and leukocytes in SCI subjects (75.2% +/- 16.1%). The DFI is higher in semen from men with SCI vs controls. The cause of this condition is unknown but does not seem to be due to prolonged anejaculation or to the proximate conditions of necrospermia or leukocytospermia. The relevance of these findings to fertility outcomes with SCI male partners remains to be determined.
Effect of over-milking on teat condition.

Unsatisfactory milking conditions, including high milking vacuum, ineffective pulsation, heavy clusters, unsuitable liners, poor teat preparation and over-milking, are known to create poor, but undefined, teat conditions and pose a risk to an increased probability of intramammary infection (IDF, 1994). It has been shown that poor teat condition, seen as discolouration, abnormal firmness or thickened rings of tissue distally, after cluster removal may be common in a variety of commercial milking operations (Hillerton et al. 2000). That field study was observational and teat conditions were influenced by a number of variables. A small experimental study has been undertaken to develop an experimental model, under controlled milking conditions, to allow investigation of potential causes of teat trauma. Over-milking was suggested as highly important in the field observations and so has been examined in this study.