cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of PPARγ in the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on Kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage.

Studies have shown that administration of 17β-estradiol prevents trauma-hemorrhage-induced increase in proinflammatory cytokine production by Kupffer cells and associated multiple organ injury. Since activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) following ischemic conditions has been shown to be protective, we examined if PPARγ plays any role in the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on Kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage. Male mice underwent trauma-hemorrhage (mean blood pressure 40 mmHg for 90 min, then resuscitation). 17β-estradiol (50 µg/kg) or vehicle with or without PPARγ antagonist GW9662 was injected subcutaneously at the middle of resuscitation. At 2 h after trauma-hemorrhage, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, Kupffer cell IL-6 and TNF-α production and mRNA expression, and PPARγ, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding activity were determined. Kupffer cell IL-6 and TNF-α production, as well as plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased following trauma-hemorrhage. Moreover, NF-κB and AP-1 DNA binding activity and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression were also enhanced under such conditions. However, 17β-estradiol administration normalized all these parameters. Although PPARγ activity decreased after trauma-hemorrhage, administration of 17β-estradiol following trauma-hemorrhage elevated PPARγ activity above the normal level. Inhibition of PPARγ by co-administration of GW9662, however, abolished the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on plasma cytokine and Kupffer cells. Thus, activation of PPARγ appears to play an important role in mediating the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on plasma cytokine levels and Kupffer cell cytokine production after trauma-hemorrhage, which are likely mediated via NF-κB and AP-1. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 205–211, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Martian volcanic materials: preliminary thickness estimates in the eastern Tharsis region.

Mars displays a variety of volcanic materials from high standing constructs to smooth plains. These materials are evaluated in terms of their susceptibility to thickness determination, and a representative area is analyzed. The Martian ridged plains are much like lunar maria in both surface expression and apparent mode of emplacement. Flooded craters within the ridged plains materials provide an estimate of the thickness distribution. In the Tharsis region, ridged plains materials occur as part of the layered sequence on the east flank of the Tharsis dome. Partially buried craters indicate that the ridged plains materials range from zero meters thick at their eastern limit to over 1.5 km thick westward on the flank of the dome where they are overlain by younger materials. These materials are responsible for only a small portion of the total relief of the Tharsis dome.
Aging in individuals with lifelong disabilities.

The major research data and findings related to aging among persons with developmental disabilities are discussed. Differences between the aging processes noted in the general population and individuals who have developmental disabilities are highlighted. Topics addressed include prevalence of developmental disabilities and mortality rates for individuals with developmental disabilities. The effects of aging on the senses, the neuromusculoskeletal system, and the cardiopulmonary system are presented along with the clinical implications of these changes in individuals with developmental disabilities
Local delivery of imiquimod in hamsters using mucoadhesive films and their residence time in human patients.

Objective To investigate the ability of mucoadhesive films to locally deliver an immune response modifier (imiquimod) to oral mucosa. Study Design After determining the residence time of films in hamster cheek pouches, drug-loaded films and commercially available imiquimod cream were tested for localization of drug in mucosal tissue. The residence time of drug-free films at different locations was also tested in humans. Results Mucoadhesive films delivered imiquimod to the buccal mucosa with no measureable amounts in blood. In contrast, although the cream formulation resulted in higher tissue levels, it also led to significant systemic distribution of imiquimod. In humans, the films resided on tissue for up to 4 hours, increasing in the order of tongue Conclusion Preclinical findings of localized imiquimod delivery in animals and residence in humans support future investigations of the mucoadhesive system in controlled clinical trials for treating oral precancerous lesions.
Composition dependence of glass transition temperature of sulfonated-polystrene ionomers

Sulfonates de Na, K, Rb, Cs et de Ba, Sr, Ca et Mg avec 3,4, 6,9, 12,7 et 16,7% de fragments styrene sulfones
The national sports safety in secondary schools benchmark (N4SB) study: defining athletic training practice characteristics.

Context: Increased rates of sport participation and sport-related injury have led to greater emphasis on and attention to medical care of student-athletes in the secondary school setting. Access to...
Nutrient-Density Relationships in the Western North Atlantic Between Cape Lookout and BERMUDA1

A study of the nutrient-density relationships of Sargasso Sea water reveals a close correlation; Gulf Stream waters arc anomalously higher and more variable in nutrients for a given density. Nutrient anomalies can bc used in the same way as oxygen anomalies to map the distribution of Caribbean water in sections across the Gulf Stream. They show that contributions of Caribbean water to the Gulf Stream vary greatly from time to time. Oxidative ratios of AO : AN : AP = (-233) : 16.3 : 1.0 were derived from the correlation between oxvgen anomalies and nutrients anomalies of Gulf Stream water in the sigma-t range 25.0-%.8.
Well-being of mothers with infant children: a preliminary comparison of employed women and homemakers.

In general, research has demonstrated that employment has positive or neutral effects on women's mental and physical health. Stressors unique to full-time employed mothers of infants, however, may diminish their well-being. This study compared perceived stress levels and health-promotive lifestyles in a sample of full-time employed mothers and homemaking mothers. As expected, full-time employed mothers of infants reported greater perceived stress in their lives and less healthy lifestyles when they were compared with homemakers. The most frequently reported sources of stress for employed mothers of infants were conflicts or problems about returning to work. Findings support the hypothesis that fulltime employed mothers of infants may adopt a pattern of self-neglect to cope with work overload.
Cooperative Learning as a Tool To Teach Vertebrate Anatomy.

Active learning and increased motivation to learn are common benefits of time spent in laboratory during a science course. Hands-on learning is an important aspect of the laboratory experience and increases comprehension of material learned during the lecture portion of college science courses. When the content of a course is extensive, such as that often found in biology courses, students may respond by increasing their study time or by feeling helplessly overwhelmed by the material (Woolfolk 1990). Group work can serve both of these types of students by providing an additional means of study as well as support and motivation (Caprio 1993). Cooperative group learning also provides students with an opportunity to use many aspects of their intellect not often accessed in typical lecture courses or ‘‘cookbook’’ labs. Specific abilities that can be exercised include social interaction skills within teams and small groups, exploratory time, teaching skills, and creativity. Literature on cooperative learning is abundant for the elementary and secondary school levels (Slavin 1990), but is more limited at the college level (Purdon & Kromrey 1995), especially in the biological sciences (Caprio 1993; Tewksbury 1995). To a vertebrate zoologist, the opportunity to explore and compare the anatomy of the major vertebrate groups (jawless fishes, bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) is a particularly instructive and enlightening experience. However, traditional laboratory exercises in courses that have a component on comparative vertebrate anatomy rarely provide such opportunities
I Am My Own Person, Just Like All My Friends: Peer Relationships and Decision Making in Adolescence

Why are friends so important to teenagers? This talk will explore this question from a neuroscience and evolution perspective. It will be argued that social learning in adolescence, which takes place largely through peers, sets the stage for the individual's basic conceptions of right and wrong in their adult years.
Multidisciplinary Design Experience of a High Altitude Inflatable Wing UAV for Aerospace Workforce Development

NASA is addressing the anticipated shortage of aerospace engineers in part through workforce development projects of the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program. BIG BLUE is a workforce development project currently in its fourth year at the University of Kentucky (UK). Although UK does not have an aerospace engineering major, this multidisciplinary project has provided over 160 engineering students to date with opportunities to learn about and to prepare for aerospace engineering careers. BIG BLUE is a comprehensive aerospace project experience to design, build and conduct a complex, highaltitude experiment to verify the feasibility of inflatable-wing technology for Mars exploration. To date, three successful experiments have been completed, along with participation in a student unmanned aerial vehicle competition. In essence, students involved in BIG BLUE joined the aerospace workforce while participating in the project, which influenced their decision to choose and pursue an aerospace career. In this paper, the educational aspects of the BIG BLUE project are detailed. In addition to capstone design courses, students involved with BIG BLUE attended an aerospace systems engineering short course and learn-to-fly workshops. Opportunities were also available to visit and work with practicing aerospace engineers in industry and at NASA. Annual support and expenditures, student and faculty involvement in project management and aerospace workforce development results are included. With three successful flight experiments in three years, a review of BIG BLUE reveals the effort, cost and results of experiential aerospace workforce development.
Integrated Analysis for Long-Term Degradation of Waste Package at the Potential Yucca Mountain Repository for High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal

The technical basis for Site Recommendation (SR) of the potential repository for high-level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada has been completed. Long-term containment of the waste and subsequent slow release of radionuclides from the engineered barrier system (EBS) into the geosphere will rely on a robust waste package (WP) design, among other EBS components as well as the natural barrier system. The WP and drip shield (DS) degradation analyses for the total system performance assessment (TSPA) baseline model for the SR have shown that, based on the current corrosion models and assumptions, both the DSs and WPs do not fail within the regulatory compliance time period (10,000 years). From the perspective of initial WP failure time, the analysis results are encouraging because the upper bounds of the baseline case are likely to represent the worst case combination of key corrosion model parameters that significantly affect long-term performance of WPs in the potential repository. The estimated long life-time of the WPs in the current analysis is attributed mostly to the following two factors that delay the onset of stress corrosion cracking (SCC): (1) the stress mitigation to substantial depths from the outer surface in the dual closure-lid weld regions; and (2) the very low general-corrosion rate applied to the closure-lid weld regions to corrode the compressive stress zones. Uncertainties are associated with the current WP SCC analysis. These are stress mitigation on the closure-lid welds, characterization of manufacturing flaws applied to SCC, and general corrosion rate applied to the closurelid weld regions. These uncertainties are expected to be reduced as additional data and analyses are developed.
DNA biosynthesis in monkey kidney cells infected with PARA (SV40)-adenoviruses.

SummaryStudies conducted to follow biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in cultures of African green monkey kidney (GMK) cells inoculated with PARA (SV40)-adenoviruses 2, 7, and 12 showed an initial depression in incorporation of H3-thymidine into the DNA. Levels of DNA started to increase after 15 hours, reaching a maximum in the virus inoculated cultures 24 hours post-infection. Extraction of the DNA from infected cells, followed by their identification by isopycnic analysis in CsCl gradients, revealed the presence of virus DNA with a density corresponding to the adenovirus serotype used. DNA samples from GMK cultures inoculated with PARA-adenovirus 7 or its transcapsidants, PARA-adenovirus types 2 and 12, yielded bands with peak densities of 1.710 g/ml [adenovirus type 7 DNA with 51 moles % guanine + cytosine (GC)], 1.715 g/ml (adenovirus type 2 DNA with 56 moles % GC), or 1.706 g/ml (adenovirus type 12 DNA with 47 moles % GC), respectively as well as a band at a density of 1.699 g/ml (GMK DNA w...
Variation in response to CO2 in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

A type of slow-recovery from high temperature CO2 exposure is a wild-type characteristic of Drosophila simulans. Species hybrids of wild-type D. melanogaster and D. simulans have intermediate recovery times. The response to nitrogen exposure at both high and low temperatures is the same for the two species suggesting that the observed CO2 response is more than just anoxia. Since there is no female bias in hybrids, and since injections of D. simulans extract into D. melanogaster produced no increase in CO2 sensitivity in the recipients, we conclude that the prolonged recovery time results from genomic differences between D. simulans and D. melanogaster, and is not due to a sigma-like infectious agent.
The Paracinematic Reality of Gravity's Rainbow

"History," Pynchon writes in Gravity's Rainbow, "is not woven by innocent hands." According to Pynchon, history--or historical reality as a system of commonly agreed upon "facts"--is a manufactured product, an act of conscious creation similar to the creation of art; in fact, Pynchon treats the creation of art as the first step in the fabrication of reality. The contrived "realities," plots, and insidious grand designs in Gravity's Rainbow are actually the artifices of a ubiquitous "Them," who manipulate lives by producing illusory realities which become accepted as the empirically "real."
Norms of Assertion and Normativity

Since the central concern of this book is the furthering of our understanding of the norms of assertion, it will be helpful to say something about what is meant by something being a norm. This is important, since much of what will be said about arguments for and against various proposed norms will depend on what sense of norm is being used. This chapter discusses how the norms of assertion have been typically conceived in the norms of assertion literature. While there are potentially many parallel debates concerning the nature of norms, since this book is about the norms of assertion and what has been said on that topic, I will largely ignore the parallel debates.
Cognitive Technologies for Smarter Cities

Great computing technology advances during the early years of the new millennium facilitated a smarter cities vision. Smarter cities solutions focusing on specific city problem domains have proven their value in many proofs-of-concept. The insights and experiences from these experiments enable cities to deploy these types of solutions more widely with confidence. New advances in a broad range of technologies, in particular Internet of Things technologies and cognitive technologies, promise to expand the scope and the value of smarter cities solutions to greatly improve the lives of city dwellers. This tutorial gives an overview of smarter cities applications so far, and the technologies powering them. Then it proceeds to review the incipient technologies that will drive the next wave of smarter cities solutions: the Internet of Things driving cognitive computing systems. It concludes by examining two major smarter cities solution categories that promise to greatly improve the lives of city dwellers.
The Currency Exchange Market in East Asia

This chapter reviews the basics of the currency exchange market in general and the currency exchange market in East Asia in particular. It explains how the East Asian currency exchange market affects Americans doing business in East Asia, with particular attention paid to China’s currency exchange policy and its effects on China and the United States in terms of trade and employment. It concludes with an example of different outcomes of quantitative easing in the United States and China.
Evaluation Of Bristle Blasting Process For Surface Preparation Of Ship-Construction Steel

Surface preparation of ship-construction steel is an important concern throughout the ship building and refurbishing community. To this end, blast-cleaning processes are routinely used for corrosion removal and surface preparation prior to the application of protective paints and coatings. However, blast cleaning processes are cumbersome and inevitably require special equipment, containment systems, and subsequent clean-up due to the widespread environmental contamination that is inherent of the process. At the same time, alternate methods of corrosion removal such as needle gun/scaler tools are known to cause irreversible hand/wrist injury due to excessive exposure to vibration. Consequently, there is a strong need to develop alternative surface preparation processes that forego the expense, environmental contamination, and risk of injury that is commonly associated with existing cleaning and surface preparation processes. In this technical paper, an alternative surface preparation process termed bristle blasting is presented, which simultaneously removes corrosion and generates a surface profile that is equivalent to commercial grit blasting processes. Specifically, performance of the bristle blasting process is examined within the context of treating common structural steel ABS-A, which is used in the ship building community. Results are reported that summarize the most recent findings for cleanliness, texture, and material removal performance that can be achieved for base metal materials. In addition, surface and subsurface modification of the bristle blasted region is examined in order to help assess the plastic deformation and residual stress state that is imparted to the steel during the surface preparation process. These results, collectively, are used for assessing the suitability of introducing bristle blasting tool technology for cleaning/texturing steels that are peculiar to this industry.
Ballroom Dancing-How Soon?

(1958). Ballroom Dancing-How Soon? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 18-19.
Simulations of energy-bands bending effect and carriers transportation in semiconductor with propagating Surface Acoustic Waves

Surface Acoustic Wave, also named as Rayleigh wave, is an acoustic wave traveling along material surface. It can couple with any media in contact with the surface of substrate material, and affect its mechanical and electronics properties. In this research, we use simulations to verify the propagating SAWs are able to bend the conduction band and valence band periodically on surface of semiconductor substrate. As a result, the electrons and holes in semiconductor material are spatially separated and transported by the SAWs.
MacIntyre, Managerialism, and Metatheory: Organizational Theory as an Ideology of Control

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I trace out Alasdair MacIntyre’s assessment of managerial capitalism as a uniquely positioned critique occupying an intersection between the sociology of knowledge, ideology critique, and social science metatheory. The first part of this paper outlines MacIntyre’s historical claim that social science principles diffused into an ‘industrial social science’ in the first half of the twentieth century. Tracing out this history allows us to identify four major categories of critique levelled against managerialism, spanning managerialism’s practices to its social location as a discourse of scientific, objective knowledge. That four category typology provides a framework to understand MacIntyre’s specific critique of managerialism as concerned primarily with metatheoretical flaws. MacIntyre's argument provides a valuable sociological account of how flawed presuppositions lend to the creation of flawed descriptions of social reality. These descriptions come to serve as the ‘ideology of bure...
Confidence intervals and point estimators for a normal mean under purely sequential strategies involving Gini’s mean difference and mean absolute deviation

ABSTRACTWe have developed purely sequential methodologies for problems associated with both fixed-width confidence interval estimation and minimum risk point estimation for the normal mean μ when the variance σ2 is assumed unknown. New stopping rules are constructed by replacing the sample variance with appropriate multiples of Gini’s mean difference (GMD) and mean absolute deviation (MAD) in defining the conditions for boundary crossing. A number of asymptotic first-order consistency, efficiency, and risk efficiency properties associated with these new estimation strategies have been investigated. These are followed by summaries obtained from extensive sets of simulations by drawing samples from (i) normal universes or (ii) mixture-normal universes where samples may be reasonably treated as observations from a normal universe in a large majority of simulations. We also include illustrations using sales data and horticulture data. Overall, we empirically feel confident that our newly developed GMD-based o...
Chapter 19 - Diuretics

This is an updated comprehensive review of the adverse effects of diuretics for the year 2015. This review includes five different groups of diuretics: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) with a primary focus on acetazolamide as the only current CAI still used for its diuretic effect. Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, azosemide, and ethacrynic acid), thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide and indapamide), aldosterone receptor antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) and the osmotic diuretic, mannitol. Intravenous infusion of furosemide in acute heart failure has shown to be associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), especially with high doses and longer duration of therapy. However, this therapy continues to prove in being very effective at decreasing symptomatic dyspnea in this patient population. This publication also reviews thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics and their effects on the metabolic, electrolyte and hemodynamic parameters. Gynecomastia and vaginal bleeding continue to be a recurrent adverse effect of spironolactone as well as new evidence indicating that combination therapy with sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim may lead to sudden death due to hyperkalemia. Inhaled mannitol still remains a possible treatment option for patients with cystic fibrosis.
A Neuropsychological Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Infection and HSV-1 Encephalitis: Biological Mechanisms, Clinical Presentations, and Brain-Body-Behavior Manifestations

Virally induced encephalitis, specifically by the herpes simplex-1 virus (HSV-1), is by far the most common cause of encephalitis, or the inflammation of the brain tissue as a result of infection (J NEUROIMMUNOL 295–296:130–138, 2016). This review combines some of the most recent literature regarding the biological mechanisms of HSV-1 to detail its transition to a viral infection of the brain in the form of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Although rare, HSE is a devastating infection with a high mortality rate and few treatment options available that guarantee a successful recovery (J NEUROVIROL 4:346–350, 2013). Accompanied by a range of neurological and psychological symptoms, patients that survive infection with HSE, with the help of proper antiviral medication administration, can experience lifelong impairments to their cognitive functioning and changes to their behavior and personality (NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL 4–5:450–477, 2007). By documenting the progression of HSV-1 infection to HSE, highlighting some of the clinical presentations described in the literature, and presenting the long-term effects of this infection, this review will emphasize the importance of education as a tool for lowering HSE-related fatalities while suggesting increased research in neurotropic viruses and viral replication in general.
Some Early Citizens of the Respublica Litterarum Sacrarum: Christian Scholars and the Masorah Before 1550

Traditional accounts of the development of Christian biblical scholarship in the sixteenth century have rightly emphasized the role played by Elijah Levita and his Massoreth ha-Massoreth, which tra...
Two-person nonzero sum stochastic differential games with stopping time

A nonzero sum stochastic differential game is considered, with two payoffs, Open image in new window where i ≠ j, w (t) is one dimensional Brownian motion and τ1, τ2 are stopping times≤T. The existence of a saddle point follows from the existence of a “strong” solution to a system of two quasi-variational inequalities. The proof of existence of a “weak” solution is outlined.
Thermodynamic Studies of Amsacrine Antitumor Agents with Nucleic Acids

The equilibrium binding of several anilinoacridine analogs are compared over a wide range of ionic strengths and temperatures. Although o-AMSA binds DNA with a higher affinity than m-AMSA it is not effective as an antitumor agent. Both m-AMSA and o-AMSA bind DNA in an intercalative manner. In an effort to gain insight into the physical chemical properties associated with these compounds and to correlate these properties with antitumor activity, an in-depth investigation into the thermodynamic parameters of these compounds and structurally related anilinoacridine analogs was performed. These studies demonstrate that substituient type and placement on the aniline ring of the anilinoacridines influence both the affinity of these drugs in binding to DNA and dictate whether the DNA binding is an enthalpy or entropy driven process. These data demonstrate that the antitumor agent m-AMSA interacts with DNA via an enthalpy driven process. In contrast, the structurally similar but biologically inactive o-AMSA binds to DNA through an apparent entropy driven process. The differences in thermodynamic mechanisms of binding between the two isomers along with molecular modeling studies reveal that the electronic and/or steric factors resulting from the positioning of the methoxy substituient group on the anilino ring directs the DNA binding properties through orientation of the methanesulfonamido group at the l’ position of the aniline ring. The orientation of this substituient group may result in favorable contacts through hydrogen bonding with neighboring base-pairs and ultimately influence the biological effectiveness as an antitumor agent.
Algorithms for Finding Motifs in Large Labeled Networks

The goal of this chapter is to introduce the different kinds of subgraph analysis problems and discuss some of the important parallel algorithmic techniques that have been developed for them. This chapter focuses primarily on the problem of counting the number of occurrences of a given subgraph. We consider some special classes of subgraphs including trees, triangles and cliques.
Wave Measurements from Pulse Microwave Radar Tide Gauges

Currently the NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) is transitioning the primary water level sensor at most NWLON stations from an acoustic ranging system to microwave radar altimeters. The use of the microwave radars presents the potential to provide real-time wave information at NWLON sites in support of navigational safety and ocean research applications. Radar sensors at tide stations may offer a low cost, convenient way to increase nearshore wave observational coverage throughout the U.S. In a previous study, we examined the performance from a pulse microwave radar and continuous wave frequency modulated (CWFM) radars [1]. While both types of radars tracked significant wave height well, the pulse radar had less success resolving high frequency wind wave energy and aliased low frequency energy. The CWFM radars were more successful, though more costly in both expenses and power. Here we present the results of a continuation of that field study, focusing on the comparison of wave height measurements from two pulse microwave radar water level sensors, the WaterLOG H3611 and the Endress and Hauser Micropilot FMR240. A nearby bottom acoustic wave and current sensor (AWAC) is used as a reference. Significant wave height measurements from both radar water level sensors compared well to reference AWAC measurements over the test period, however the WaterLOG radar does not adequately resolve wind wave energy in high frequency bands (0.1 Hz and above) and aliases energy towards the low frequency end of the spectrum. WaterLOG radar limitations are most apparent during times of high winds and locally developing seas. The E+H radar demonstrates greater capability to resolve those higher frequency energies while avoiding the low frequency aliasing issue observed in the WaterLOG. An overview of field setup and sensors will be presented, along with an analysis of performance capabilities of each radar sensor.
WoMA: An Input-Based Learning Model to Predict Dynamic Workload of Embedded Applications

Embedded applications often have real-time requirements and thus meeting the user-specified deadline are essential for good user experience. Frequency (down) scaling is a widely used technique to improve energy efficiency but may lead to violations of the user-specified deadline. Thus, a workload prediction model is of critical importance to guide the frequency scaling. In this letter, we propose WoMA , a supervised learning model to predict dynamic workload (execution cycles) of embedded applications based on their input data. WoMA is built on our key observation that the workload of some embedded applications is primarily determined by their input size. Using the “input size” as features, we apply a logistic regression method to construct WoMA trained and tested using five popular embedded applications: 1) adpcm; 2) aes; 3) dfsin; 4) blowfish; and 5) gsm. Since frequency scaling is typically performed at discrete levels, for each application, we classify its workload into five distinct classes. For a given test input, WoMA will predict the class of its corresponding workload. Cycle-accurate simulation results show that 100% of WoMA predictions are accurate. Thus, we use WoMA to guide frequency scaling, resulting in power saving by 9.9%–61.8% across these benchmark applications.
Viscous shock-layer flows for the space shuttle windward plane of symmetry

Predictions are presented for hypersonic, nonequilibrium viscous flows over nonanalytic blunt bodies at reentry conditions. Emphasis is placed on predictions of the viscous flowfield for the windward plane of symmetry of the space shuttle and other axisymmetric bodies which approximate the space shuttle geometry. The equations which govern the viscous shock-layer flow are presented, and the method by which the equations are solved is discussed. The predictions of the present finite-difference method are compared with predictions of other numerical methods as well as with experimental data.
Model Atmospheres for M (Sub)Dwarfs: I. The base model grid

We have calculated a grid of more than 700 model atmospheres valid for a wide range of parameters encompassing the coolest known M~dwarfs, M~subdwarfs and brown dwarf candidates: $1500\le \teff \le 4000\,$K, $3.5\le \log(g)\le 5.5$, and $-4.0\le { [M/H]}\le +0.5$. Our equation of state includes 105 molecules and up to 27 ionization stages of 39 elements. In the calculations of the base grid of model atmospheres presented here, we include over 300 molecular bands of 4 molecules (TiO, VO, CaH, FeH) in the JOLA approximation, the water opacity of Ludwig (1971), collision induced opacities, b-f and f-f atomic processes, as well as about 2 million spectral lines selected from a list with more than 42 million atomic and 24 million molecular (H$_2$, CH, NH, OH, MgH, SiH, C$_2$, CN, CO, SiO) lines. High-resolution synthetic spectra are obtained using an opacity sampling method. The model atmospheres and spectra are calculated with the generalized stellar atmosphere code PHOENIX, assuming LTE, plane-parallel geometry, energy (radiative plus convective) conservation, and hydrostatic equilibrium. The model spectra give close agreement with observations of M~dwarfs across a wide spectral range from the blue to the near-IR, with one notable exception: the fit to the water bands. We discuss several practical applications of our model grid, e.g., broadband colors derived from the synthetic spectra. In light of current efforts to identify genuine brown dwarfs, we also show how low-resolution spectra of cool dwarfs vary with surface gravity, and how the high-resolution line profile of the Li~I resonance doublet depends on the Li abundance.
Therapeutic Options for Left Main, Left Main Equivalent, and Three-Vessel Disease

Patients with left main, left main equivalent, and three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) represent an overlapping spectrum of patients with advanced CAD that is associated with an adverse prognosis. Guideline-directed medical therapy is a necessary but often insufficient treatment option, as such patients frequently need mechanical revascularization by either coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In patients with advanced CAD presenting with acute myocardial infarction, PCI, of course, is the preferred treatment option. For stable patients with advanced CAD, CABG surgery remains the standard of care. However, observations from the SYNergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial suggest that PCI may be a useful alternative in patients with three-vessel disease with a low SYNTAX score as well as in patients with left main disease and a low or intermediate SYNTAX score. In the subset of patients with diabetes mellitus, the Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease trial unequivocally demonstrated the superiority of CABG surgery in improving outcomes. The findings of the recently published Everolimus-Eluting Stent System versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization and Nordic–Baltic–British Left Main Revascularization study trials point to a favorable role for PCI in certain low-to-moderate risk patients with left main stem disease.
Cost-effectiveness of a Digital Health Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction Recovery.

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of hospital admissions, readmissions, and mortality worldwide. Digital health interventions (DHIs) that promote self-management, adherence to guideline-directed therapy, and cardiovascular risk reduction may improve health outcomes in this population. The "Corrie" DHI consists of a smartphone application, smartwatch, and wireless blood pressure monitor to support medication tracking, education, vital signs monitoring, and care coordination. We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of this DHI plus standard of care in reducing 30-day readmissions among AMI patients in comparison to standard of care alone. Methods A Markov model was used to explore cost-effectiveness from the hospital perspective. The time horizon of the analysis was 1 year, with 30-day cycles, using inflation-adjusted cost data with no discount rate. Currencies were quantified in US dollars, and effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The results were interpreted as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at a threshold of $100,000 per QALY. Univariate sensitivity and multivariate probabilistic sensitivity analyses tested model uncertainty. Results The DHI reduced costs and increased QALYs on average, dominating standard of care in 99.7% of simulations in the probabilistic analysis. Based on the assumption that the DHI costs $2750 per patient, use of the DHI leads to a cost-savings of $7274 per patient compared with standard of care alone. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that this DHI is cost-saving through the reduction of risk for all-cause readmission following AMI. DHIs that promote improved adherence with guideline-based health care can reduce hospital readmissions and associated costs.
A Study in Promotional Competition

A game-theoretic approach to promotional competition to define the equilibrium conditions in three models: (a) Competition between two brands in a fixed market, (b) competition between any number of brands in a fixed market, (c) general promotional competition among any number of brands.
Modified Discriminant Analysis as a Multivariate Post-Comparison Extension of MANOVA for Interpretation of Simultaneous Multimodality Measures

Multiple ANOVAs applied to simultaneous multimodality measures often result in: (1) excessive alpha error, (2) loss of experimental power, and (3) loss of information regarding interdependence of the dependent variables. The appropriate solution, MANOVA, is not designed to extract maximum information from data. Two multivariate post-comparison techniques are presented to respond to this void: (1) Univariate F Tests which evaluate the impact of significant independent variables on each dependent measure and (2) Modified Discriminant Analysis which isolates the impact of each level of the significant independent variable on the aggregate dependent measures, while transformation of normalized weights of the characteristic vector into standardized weights determines the relative sensitivity of the dependent variables to main effects. Recommended post-comparison techniques are described and applied to representative research. An efficient computer package is proposed to facilitate computation of MANOVA, univar...
The perplexing role of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)

The existence of a link between some cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) has been understood for almost a decade. However, beyond the fact that mutations in CuZnSOD cause FALS by a toxic gain of function, the mechanism whereby specific mutations in the protein structure result in development of the disease has remained almost a complete mystery to date. We have undertaken a critical survey of in vitro characteristics of over 30 of the 90 different CuZnSOD mutant proteins that are known to cause FALS in order to determine the differences that exist between mutant and wild-type properties. As-isolated metal content analysis, SOD activity assays, and thermal stability determinations of a significant fraction of the mutants show that the FALS mutant SOD proteins can be classified distinctly into one of two groups. Members of the first group, termed wild-type-like, have physical properties and enzymatic activities that are strikingly similar to those of wild-type CuZnSOD. The second group, however, show aberrant metal content in the as-isolated forms, compromised SOD activities, and unusual DSC thermoscans. All mutations in the members of this second group occur in or near the metal binding sites of the protein and thus they are termed metal binding region mutants. We have also compared the relative rates of self-inactivation caused by reaction of the wild-type protein and several FALS-linked CuZnSOD mutants with hydrogen peroxide, as a measure of relative peroxidative activities. Results and implications of the role of CuZnSOD in FALS are discussed.
Mapping Referential Integrity Constraints from Relational Databases to XML

XML is rapidly emerging as the dominant standard for exchanging data on the WWW. Most of application data are stored in relational databases due to its popularity and rich development experiences over it. Therefore, how to provide a proper mapping approach from relational data to XML documents becomes an important topic. Referential integrity constraints are useful for semantic specification that plays the important roles in relation schema definition. So far, there are about a dozen of XML schema languages have been proposed. Although most languages are based on DTD, they have different grammar resulting in the XML world more complicated. In this paper, we investigate referential integrity constraints for XML. An extended DTD with several kinds of constraints-DTDC is proposed, and a corresponding equivalent mapping approach, ICMAP is presented. Finally, the comparison on the respect of constraint representation capability is performed, which proves that ICMAP is more effective than other known approaches.
Endometrium-like mucosa lining the Fallopian tube

Abstract 1. 1. The formation of endometrium-like mucosa in the Fallopian tube is a tissue abnormality, which is infrequently seen and seldom described. It responds to the ovarian hormones in its functional activity, just as the endometrium does even to the point of menstrual desquamation. 2. 2. Two cases with clinical and histopathologic findings are reported. 3. 3. The theories of origin are briefly reviewed, and it is concluded that Robert Meyer's theory of heteroplasia explains better than any other the process of its development. 4. 4. The differential characteristics are enumerated and contrasted with several pathologic lesions of the tube. 5. 5. Endometrium-like mucosa in the tube carries little clinical value. Interest centers chiefly upon its biologic significance.
Serum concentrations of IGF-I, estradiol-17β, testosterone, and relative amounts of IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) in growing boars, barrows, and gilts.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether serum concentrations of steroids, IGF-I, and relative amounts of serum IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) differ in growing boars (n = 11), barrows (n = 11), and gilts (n = 12) from 70 to 140 d of age. Pigs of similar age and weight were housed in pens of three or four and given ad libitum access to a 17% CP corn-soy diet and water. Pigs were weighed and blood samples were collected every 14 d beginning at 70 d of age. Serum concentrations of IGF-I and steroids were determined by RIA and relative amounts of IGFBP were determined by ligand blot analysis. By 84 d of age and continuing through 140 d of age, mean serum concentrations of IGF-I were greater (P .05) among pigs at 70 d of age; however, boars and barrows had greater (P .05) between gilts and boars at 70 d of age, but by 98 d of age, and continuing through 140 d of age, mean serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta were greater (P < .05) in boars than in gilts. Mean serum concentrations of testosterone in boars increased (P < .05) with increasing age and were greatest at 128 and 140 d of age. Serum concentrations of testosterone were negatively correlated (P < .01) with relative amounts of serum IGFBP-2 but positively correlated (P < .01) with serum concentrations of IGF-I and estradiol-17beta. Serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta were positively correlated (P < .01) with serum concentrations of IGF-I in boars. Changes in serum concentrations of IGF-I and relative amounts of IGFBP resulting from changes in serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta and testosterone may contribute to growth differences observed among sexes.
A Utility Function Based Resource Allocation Method for LEO Satellite Constellation System

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation system has been regarded as a very promising satellite mobile communication system for its low propagation delay, global coverage for communication and mature technologies. However, considering its crucial but limited resources on satellites, efficient resource allocation methods are needed to guarantee the network carrying capability under specific requirements. In this paper, we put forward a utility function based resource allocation method for LEO satellite constellation system. We first utilize utility function to represent the resource acquisition satisfaction of adjacent satellites. The bigger the utility is the higher satisfaction the adjacent satellites can get. In addition, we adopt the improved Multiple Population Cloud Differential Evolution Algorithm (MPCDEA) to solve the resource allocation problem, which belongs to the nonlinear mixed integer programming problem. Finally, we evaluate the proposed utility function based resource allocation method according to the topologies of Iridium and Globalstar systems and quantify it with performance indexes like throughput capacity and network capacity. Evaluation results show that our method is feasible and effective.
A Systematic Approach to Measures of Systemic Risk

The failure of individual firms in the banking industry poses a unique threat to the entire economy. Emerging wisdom on systemic risk has identified two shortcomings in traditional regulatory approaches, all of which failed to anticipate the financial crisis of 2008-09. First, static measures of firm size, designed to identify institutions "too big to fail," fall short of detecting the contributions of correlation and interconnectedness to systemically significant bank failures. Second, traditional regulatory emphasis on capital adequacy has sought to guide the management of expected risks by individual banks under ordinary conditions, at the expense of anticipating the collective reaction of the banking industry to extreme stress. This anthology summarizes work toward a rigorous, systematic understanding of measures of systemic risk.
Changes in the rapid oscillations of AH Herculis during an outburst.

High-speed photometric observations of the dwarf nova AH Her were made during the period June 5-12, 1978 at the NASA/University of Arizona 152-cm telescope of the Mount Lemmon Observatory. Observations have shown rapid oscillations beginning after the maximum of an outburst and remaining detectable for five consecutive days. Measurements of the period and amplitude of the oscillations and the intensity of the outburst are presented for each day.