cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current Insights into the Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Environmental, genetic, and immune factors are at play in the development of the variable clinical manifestations of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Among the environmental contributions, smoking is the risk factor most consistently linked to the development or worsening of the disease. The close temporal relationship between the diagnoses of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and GO have long suggested that these 2 autoimmune conditions may share pathophysiologic features. The finding that the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is expressed in orbital fibroblasts, the target cells in GO, supported the notion of a common autoantigen. Both cellular and humeral immunity directed against TSHR expressed on orbital fibroblasts likely initiate the disease process. Activation of helper T cells recognizing TSHR peptides and ligation of TSHR by TRAb lead to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and enhanced hyaluronic acid (HA) production and adipogenesis. The resulting connective tissue remodeling results in varying degrees extraocular muscle enlargement and orbital fat expansion. A subset of orbital fibroblasts express CD34, are bone-marrow derived, and circulate as fibrocytes that infiltrate connective tissues at sites of injury or inflammation. As these express high levels of TSHR and are capable of producing copious cytokines and chemokines, they may represent an orbital fibroblast population that plays a central role in GO development. In addition to TSHR, orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO express high levels of IGF-1R. Recent studies suggest that these receptors engage in cross-talk induced by TSHR ligation to synergistically enhance TSHR signaling, HA production, and the secretion of inflammatory mediators.
Rebuilding Ethical Desire in the Era of Narcissistic Jouissance: The Reinvention of Fatherhood in Antonio Scurati’s Il padre infedele

This article argues that in Il padre infedele, Antonio Scurati deals with the loss of social responsibility that characterises the current era of hyperhedonism, forging a post-metaphysical form of parenthood that, similarly to Massimo Recalcati’s ‘father-witness’, transforms narcissistic jouissance into ethical desire without resurrecting the Law of the Father. Furthermore, it contends that Scurati’s ‘father-witness’ is an embodiment of the ‘writer-witness’ as storyteller who is a recurring presence both in the author’s works and in other works of contemporary literature, and can be viewed as a strategy to combat ethical inertia without reinstating an ‘organic’ discourse of artistic commitment, which may hinder individual engagement.
Transwell Cell Migration Assay Using Human Breast Epithelial Cancer Cell

[Abstract] Transwell migration assays have been widely used for studying the motility of different types of cells including metastatic cancer cells. The assay is also useful in screens for compounds that act as chemoattractants or inhibitors of chemotaxis for cells. The assay employs a permeable layer of support, usually a tissue-culture-treated microporous membrane, which is positioned between two compartments that mimic two different sets of microenvironments for cell survival/growth. Cells on one side of the membrane, when sensing chemoattractants placed on the other side of the compartment that diffuses through the membrane, can migrate through the pores in the membrane towards the source of the chemoattractants. Cells that migrate across the membrane can be quantified by fixing and counting. Human breast epithelial adenocarcinoma MD-231 cells grow relatively fast and are metastatic. The MB-231 cell line is used here to describe the procedures of an in vitro cell migration assay using the transwell apparatus.
Predicting Perceived Emotions in Animated GIFs with 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

Animated GIFs are widely used on the Internet to express emotions, but their automatic analysis is largely unexplored before. To help with the search and recommendation of GIFs, we aim to predict their emotions perceived by humans based on their contents. Since previous solutions to this problem only utilize image-based features and lose all the motion information, we propose to use 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract spatiotemporal features from GIFs. We evaluate our methodology on a crowd-sourcing platform called GIFGIF with more than 6000 animated GIFs, and achieve a better accuracy then any previous approach in predicting crowd-sourced intensity scores of 17 emotions. It is also found that our trained model can be used to distinguish and cluster emotions in terms of valence and risk perception.
Nocturia: Evaluation and Management

The purpose of the review is to outline current guidelines for evaluation and treatment of nocturia. Nocturnal polyuria currently has no consensus definition; it is most often reported as either nocturnal urine production (NUP) > 90 mL/h or nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) > .33. Clinical trials for oral dispersible desmopressin (melt) demonstrate utility as a pharmacological treatment of refractory nocturnal polyuria, but also introduce risk of hyponatremia; it currently is unapproved in the USA. Nocturia is a prevalent condition that shows an increased risk with age and is associated with increased mortality and decreased quality of life. Nocturia should be managed by first classifying the cause as either global polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, diminished bladder capacity, sleep disorder, or mixed etiology through bladder diaries, and then further specifying the etiology. Effective nocturia treatment is dependent on its cause and should be determined on a case-by-case basis. Treatment recommendations include addressing comorbidities, behavioral therapy, pharmacological therapy, and surgical intervention.
Approaches to Firm Proactivity as a Result of Surveillance: Examining the U.S Automobile Industry

This research examines product recalls in the U.S automobile industry from 1966-2010 to explore how surveillance-based enforcement programs contribute to proactive safety compliance. Distinction be...
Accumulation and expression of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter cryaerophilus that thrives in sewage

We explored the bacterial diversity of untreated sewage influent samples of a wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ and discovered that Arcobacter cryaerophilus, an emerging human pathogen of animal origin, was the most dominant bacterium. The other highly prevalent bacteria were members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which are major constituents of human gut microbiome, indicating that bacteria of human and animal origin intermingle in sewage. By assembling a near-complete genome of A. cryaerophilus, we show that the bacterium has accumulated a large number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) probably enabling it to thrive in the wastewater. We also determined that a majority of ARGs was being expressed in sewage, suggestive of trace levels of antibiotics or other stresses that could act as a selective force that amplifies multidrug resistant bacteria in municipal sewage. Because all bacteria are not eliminated even after several rounds of wastewater treatment, ARGs in sewage could affect public health due to their potential to contaminate environmental water.
Novel 3-fluoro-6-methoxyquinoline derivatives as inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV ☆

Abstract Novel (non-fluoroquinolone) inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases (NBTIs) are an emerging class of antibacterial agents. We report an optimized series of cyclobutylaryl-substituted NBTIs. Compound 14 demonstrated excellent activity both in vitro (S. aureus MIC90 = 0.125 μg/mL) and in vivo (systemic and tissue infections). Enhanced inhibition of Topoisomerase IV correlated with improved activity in S. aureus strains with mutations conferring resistance to NBTIs. Compound 14 also displayed an improved hERG IC50 of 85.9 μM and a favorable profile in the anesthetized guinea pig model.
AlN GHz ultrasonic pulse diffraction based transmit-receive oscillator with 1 PPM stability

We present an ultrasonic pulse delay-based oscillator with a temperature coefficient profile that can be programmed through layout or choice of excitation frequency. A zero temperature coefficient can be achieved at certain temperature ranges The oscillator utilizes the propagation delay of GHz wave packets traveling through the silicon bulk, generated and received by piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) transducers. This oscillator architecture does not require release step to form resonant microstructures typical of other MEMS oscillators. This makes the architecture more compatible with post-CMOS processing, and has potential to consume minimal CMOS surface area. The frequency standard deviation for a center frequency of 1.09 MHz is 53 ppm at 10 μs averaging time and is reduced down to 0.71 ppm over 1 s averaging time. Our device uses CMOS compatible low drive voltages (<3V) and can be scaled to sub-one-volt operation. This device can be used in applications such as IOT, wearables, and environmental monitoring where single chip implementation to minimize volume and power is critical.
The moderating role of top management support on employees' attitudes in response to human resource development efforts

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among human resource development (HRD) efforts, top management support, and employees’ attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment) in the Korean context. Based on the Korean Human Capital Corporate Panel survey data, 3,899 responses from 159 large companies were analyzed by adopting hierarchical multiple regression analysis and a regression-based path analysis. The results indicated that HRD efforts positively affected organizational commitment through job satisfaction. In addition, job satisfaction had a moderated mediation effect on the interaction of HRD efforts and top management support on organization commitment. Finally, top management support moderates the relationship between HRD efforts and employees’ attitudes such that increased top management support for HRD efforts improves employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Undiscovered Diamonds: The Minority Gifted Child.

A disproportionately low number of minority students have been identified and placed in programs for gifted students. The realities of the situation relate to the attitudes of planners and teachers, the identification process itself, inadequate research verifying the use of appropriate identification tools, and an inadequate picture of how a program should be designed.Empirical research on identification and planning for the minority gifted child is sparse, but that which is available highlights the need for more extensive research in this area. Exploratory research using The Raven Matrices and chronometric devices as part of the identification process appear to hold promise for developing new hypotheses and proving or disproving those that are presently proposed. More flexibility of planning, more funding for research, more dissemination of information, and improved teacher training on how to recognize clues for identifying exceptional intellectual processing abilities are among the recommendations propo...
Management of long-lasting phantosmia: a systematic review.

Background Interest in the pathophysiology and management of phantom smells has increased rapidly over the last decade. A PubMed search for the term "phantosmia" demonstrated a near-doubling of articles published on phantosmia within the past 7 years. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the management of phantosmia. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published since January 1990, using terms combined with pertinent Boolean search operators. We included articles evaluating management of phantosmia written in the English language, with original data and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up, on at least 2 patients and with well-defined and measurable outcomes. Results A total of 2151 unique titles were returned upon the initial search. Of these, 146 abstracts were examined, yielding 7 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. All articles were predominantly level 4 evidence. One prospective level 3 study was included. The studies included a total of 96 patients, with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 11 years. Endpoints were primarily based on subjective patient responses. Management options included observation and medical and surgical therapy. Olfactory mucosa excision was the only surgical intervention studied, with short-term symptomatic improvement in 10 of 11 patients. Forty-one patients were treated medically, which included antipsychotic, antimigraine, and antiseizure medications, transcranial stimulation, and topical cocaine application. Conclusion Despite increasing interest in the treatment of phantosmia and reports of successful therapies, there remains a paucity of data and lack of consensus regarding optimal management of this difficult condition.
Raising Autism Awareness among Greek Teachers.

AbstractA recent special education legislation reform in Greece puts emphasis on the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs into mainstream schools. The purpose of the present study was to investigate knowledge of ASD among 67 mainstream nursery and primary classroom teachers, and evaluate the effectiveness of a half-day ASD awareness seminar in increasing their knowledge of the disorder. A self-report ASD Knowledge Questionnaire (ASD-KQ), developed for the purpose of this study, was used before and after the ASD awareness seminar. The results indicated a significant shift from low to moderate/high level of ASD knowledge among teachers with no previous training in special education and/or autism (58.7%), whereas this shift did not reach significance level in the teacher’s group with previous training (16.7%) after the seminar. The present findings have important implications for the development of training programmes of practising teachers.
Relativism, Pluralism, and Skepticism (Philosophical Perspective): Cultural Concerns

The history of diverse definitions of the three terms, and conflicts about and between them, is too complex for any short tracing. For those who are aware that no one mode of thought can ever hope to capture the whole of things, pluralistic inquiry is the only productive route. And even the most serious pluralist ends with a plurality of pluralisms, some more defensible than others, just as cultural relativists end with a plurality, some more defensible than others. All of the pluralisms are ‘relativistic,’ in the sense that within each system, or ‘thought-mode,’ all claims, even claims of hard fact, are relatable to, and to some degree dependent on, the total thought-mode. Conclusions within a given mode are, of course, testable within that mode, and will often even prove to be testable and acceptable within other modes. But no one system is totally refutable by any other system, even when all other systems agree that one system is flawed. Thus, serious explorers of the issues ‘related’ to relativism have two main choices, whenever they find that no one controversy seems resolvable: retreat to the study of some one cultural system or thought-mode, ignoring the others; or pursue the mission of finding common ground among the conflicting systems. Only this second choice can avoid dogmatism, on the one hand, and on the other skepticism, reductionism, or nihilism. Both of these directions produce absurd destruction of meaningful inquiry.
Hydrophobic Weak Polybasic Gels: Factors Controlling Swelling Equilibria

The equilibrium and kinetic swelling properties of polymer gels are of considerable interest in the pharmaceutical field. Gels have been proposed as size selective extraction solvents1 and environmentally sensitive permeability barriers for a variety of pharmacologic agents.2,3 The use of gel mechanochemistry to drive an insulin pump is also under investigation.4
Impersonal trust in B2B electronic commerce: a process view

Although the notion of impersonal trust is not new, its significance has dramatically increased with the emergence of interorganizational eCommerce. Two types of trust are usually distinguished in interfirm exchange relations-an impersonal type created by structural arrangements, and a familiarity type arising from repeated interaction. This chapter contributes to the emerging body of knowledge regarding the role of trust in B2B eCommerce, which is primarily impersonal. The nature of trust is examined, and credibility and benevolence are defined as its distinct dimensions. Impersonal trust-primarily arising from credibility-focuses on institutional structures that B2B exchanges enable through signals and incentives to facilitate interfirm relations. Following the economic, sociological and marketing literature on the sources and processes under which trust engenders, a set of three cognitive processes that generate impersonal trust is determined. Applied to B2B exchanges, four antecedents of impersonal trust are proposed to trigger these processes: accreditation, feedback, monitoring and legal bonds. In addition, impersonal trust is proposed to increase satisfaction, reduce risk, encourage anticipated continuity and promote favorable pricing. A theoretical framework is then proposed that specifies the interrelationships between the antecedents, underlying processes and consequence of impersonal trust in B2B eCommerce. The theoretical and managerial implications of this study on B2B eCommerce are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.
Variational Multiscale Finite Element Simulation of a Nonequilibrium Atmospheric-Pressure Arc in Crossflow

Industrial plasma applications such as wire-arc spraying, lowvoltage circuit breakers and re-entry vehicle testing tunnels require understanding the dynamics of an arc in a cross flow [1]. A canonical atmospheric-pressure arc in crossflow is modeled for the first time using a time-dependent threedimensional (3D) thermodynamic nonequilibrium (NLTE) model. The nonequilibrium plasma flow model is casted as a single transient-advective-diffusive-reactive (TADR) system of transport equations and solved using a Variational Multiscale Finite Element Method (VMS-FEM), which provides a comprehensive and robust formulation suitable for the numerical solution of general multi-physics and multiscale transport problems [2]. The obtained results are validated with prior experimental [1] and computational results based on Local-Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) formulations [3]. Figure 1 shows the arc in crossflow system together with representative simulation results. The established arc strongly interacts with the imposed cold inflow, which causes the arc deflection, convective heat losses, and thermodynamic nonequilibrium. The arc shape is mainly determined by electrode spacing, gas type, imposed total current, and the inflow velocity. The overall effect of the plasma – cold-gas interaction is explored by a non-dimensional analysis.
Webvergence in Practice: Comparing U.S. TV Stations’ and Newspapers’ Online Strategies at a Crucial Moment

This article compares how U.S. news managers reported that television stations and newspapers approached online journalism during a crucial moment in the 21st century. Reports of how the two types of sites used online tools were largely similar, but newspaper respondents were more likely than those from TV stations to say their organizations prioritized online news production. Although both types of sites likely were affected by extramedia pressures—from a global recession and declining audiences—newspapers‘ perceived competitive need to reach news consumers instantly (something native to TV) may have helped newspapers overcome legacy routines and move more deeply into change.
IRON DEFICIENCY IN HEART FAILURE, AN UNDERDIAGNOSED AND UNDERTREATED CONDITION DURING HOSPITALIZATION

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic medical condition that affects approximately 1-2% of the world's population and greater than 10% of those age 65 and older. Among patients with HF, iron deficiency (ID), defined as ferritin <100 ng/ml or transferrin saturation (TSat) <20% with ferritin 100-300 ng/ml,
Berlin commander: Maxwell Taylor at the Cold War’s frontlines, 1949–51

This article addresses American strategy in Berlin at a critical ju2ncture of the Cold War, right after the end of the Berlin blockade and through the upheaval brought on by the outbreak of the Kor...
Proceed with Caution: Using Web-Based Resources for Instructing Students with and at Risk for EBD.

Educators frequently use social media platforms such as Pinterest and Teachers Pay Teachers for guidance on teaching. In this article, we explore reasons why these websites are popular with educato...
Optimal management of gastroesophageal junction cancer

Although recent decades have witnessed incremental improvements in the treatment of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinoma, outcomes remain modest. For locally advanced esophageal cancer, the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation to surgery is considered the standard of care. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for metastatic disease and improves survival over best supportive care. However, the prognosis for patients with GEJ cancers, which are treated along the same paradigms as esophageal and gastric carcinomas, remain poor because of the emergence of chemoresistance and limited targeted therapeutic approaches, which include agents that target the HER2 and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the chemorefractory setting have confirmed the activity of immunotherapy in esophagogastric cancer. Ongoing immunotherapeutic strategies are being evaluated in both the locally advanced and metastatic settings. This review focuses on the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic GEJ carcinomas, which encompass all tumors that have an epicenter within 5 cm proximal or distal to the anatomical Z-line (Siewert classification). Because the vast majority of GEJ tumors are adenocarcinoma, the management of adenocarcinoma is the focus of this review. Evolving approaches and areas of clinical equipoise are discussed.
Mid-wavelength infrared InAsSb/InAs nBn detectors and FPAs with very low dark current density

There was a significant improvement in the performance of infrared nBn detectors utilizing InAs/InAsSb absorbers culminating in the development of infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) with excellent operability (99.7%) and operating at temperature significantly higher than InSb FPAs. In this work, we demonstrated that these detectors can operate with very low dark current densities enabling their use in applications with a low-to-medium level of background illumination. We showed that single pixel photodetectors with a cut-off wavelength of 4.8 μm and a quantum efficiency of QEmax = 35% under backside-illumination have a dark current density of 1 × 10−10 A/cm2 at an operating bias of −0.1 V and temperature T = 100 K. Additionally, we compared the single pixel dark current results with measurements of the dark current in FPAs. The FPA showed excellent performance with an operability of 99.7% and was able to reach a mode dark current density of 5 × 10−11 A/cm2 at 80 K.
Bow Hunter's Syndrome: Complete Microsurgical Decompression of Vertebral Artery by Far Lateral Retrocondylar Approach: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

This 50-yr-old man had a 15-yr history of presyncopal episodes that were precipitated by turning his head to the right, and had worsened recently. Cerebral angiogram demonstrated complete cessation of anterograde flow in left vertebral artery (VA) at the level of the C1 sulcus arteriosus while turning head to right, indicating dynamic compression at the C1 level. Patient underwent left extreme lateral retrocondylar approach, partial C1 laminectomy and opening of the C1 foramen with complete microsurgical decompression of the VA. After skin incision, meticulous muscle dissection was performed and superior and inferior oblique muscles were disconnected from the tubercle of C1. The VA was exposed, and three areas of constriction were visible, first at the atlanto-occipital membrane laterally; second, located more medially as the artery curved around the occipital condyle to enter the posterior fossa; and third, located anterior to C2 nerve root. The artery was dissected from all the surrounding tissues, preserving the C2 nerve root, and the Cl foramen was opened completely. The Cl lamina was also partially resected and grooved to allow free placement of the VA. The VA was also decompressed near the C2 foramen. Postoperative computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck showed complete decompression of VA. The patient had no episodes of presyncope or dizziness while turning head to right and his mRs was 0 at 8 mo follow up. This 3D video shows the technical nuances of decompression of V3 segment of VA in bow hunters's syndrome. Informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the surgery that included videotaping of the procedure and its distribution for educational purposes. All relevant patient identifiers have also been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
Challenges and Limitations of the Cross-Polarization Suppression in Dual-Polarization Antenna Arrays Using Identical Subarrays

In this article, challenges and limitations of using cross-polarization suppression methods for dual-linear polarization antenna arrays are presented. A simple probe-fed patch antenna and high-performance, dual-polarized hybrid-fed patch antennas are used for this article. The image feed method is used for improving the cross-polarization level and increasing the geometrical symmetry of a very large phased array antenna. It is shown that decomposing the antenna radiation pattern to its even and odd components for calculating $2\times $ 2-element subarray radiation pattern has fundamental limitations and none of four different $2\times $ 2-element and $4\times $ 4-element subarray configurations will entirely suppress the sidelobe issue of configured arrays. The accuracy of using embedded element pattern for calculating the radiation pattern of very large array antennas with identical subarrays is studied, and an accurate procedure for predicting array antenna radiation pattern is proposed. The appearance of undesired sidelobes has been examined, and optimal design for mitigating the sidelobe issue associated with the large array of identical subarrays with image configuration is presented.
Concussion Knowledge and Reporting Behaviors Among Collegiate Athletes.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to explore knowledge surrounding sport-related concussions (SRCs) and the impact on reporting behaviors in collegiate athletes, including sex differences. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Institutional. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 986 collegiate athletes (607 men), aged 19.7 years (SD = 1.4) from 6 institutions, who completed a survey, including items on personal/sport demographics and SRC knowledge and reporting behaviors. INTERVENTIONS Athletes were given a short (15-minute) survey to complete during team meetings and preparticipation physicals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Athletes' scores on the survey, and reporting behaviors (ie, whether or not they failed to report a suspected SRC and reasons for not reporting SRCs), were examined. RESULTS Independent samples t tests revealed female athletes scored significantly higher than male athletes on total SRC knowledge [t (926.6) = -10.6, P < 0.01] and symptom knowledge (t (859) = -7.0, P < 0.01). Approximately one-quarter of athletes reported continuing to play after sustaining a suspected SRC. Chi-square analyses exposed significant differences between male and female athletes failing to report a suspected SRC (χ = 7.69, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Given the current findings, educational efforts aimed at collegiate athletes may not be enough. Furthermore, it is apparent that sex differences exist in SRC knowledge and reporting behaviors among collegiate athletes.
O4E.2 Efficiency of autocoding programs for converting job descriptors into standard occupational classification codes

Introduction Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes can link work exposure data to individual health outcomes, but manually assigning job codes is laborious. We tested two recently developed automatic coding programs. Methods We entered self-reported job titles and industry from two existing cohorts into two publicly available autocoding programs, the NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) and the Standardized Occupation Coding for Computer-assisted Epidemiological Research (SOCcer), and assessed agreement between autocodes and manual coding. We also assessed agreement of several exposure values (from the Occupational Information Network, O*NET) linked by manual SOC codes versus those linked by autocodes, in order to examine how differences in coding might affect exposure assignments in general population cohort studies. Results NIOCCS produced SOC codes for the majority of subjects (Cohort 1: 85%; Cohort 2: 79%). The level of detail for these codes varied slightly; 6-digit SOC codes (detailed occupations) were available for 84% and 76% of cohorts A and B respectively. Comparison to manual codes showed strong agreement at the major group level (kappa=0.8 for both cohorts) and weaker agreement at the 6-digit level (kappa ≥0.4 and 0.6). SOCcer produced 6-digit SOC codes for all subjects with good agreement at the 2-digit level (kappa ≥0.6 and 0.7) and slightly lower at the 6-digit level (kappa ≥0.3 and 0.4). Agreement for O*NET exposures was very high for most comparisons within both cohorts for both programs (many ICCs>0.8). Conclusion Both autocoding programs can be reliable tools to aid in assigning SOC codes that represent broad industry levels, with less agreement at finer levels of job codes. Given the availability of large public datasets with job information but no other work exposure data, autocoding of jobs provides exciting opportunities for analyzing work-related health outcomes in future studies.
U.S. Every Student Succeeds Act: Negative Impacts on Teaching Out-of-Field

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires states to ensure the equitable distribution of out-of-field teachers. Using over 180 million student-course-teacher records from Texas between 2011-12 and 2017-18, we found out-of-field teaching rates have increased dramatically since ESSA became law. We also found vast inequities in which teachers are assigned to teach out-of-field and dramatic differences in student out-of-field course-taking rates across demographic characteristics. The strongest predictors of teachers teaching out-of-field is that they work in a charter school or completed alternative certification programs. Black teachers and students are most likely to teach and take courses out-of-field, and Latinx teachers and students are least likely. Policy implications are considered given negative impacts of out-of-field teaching on student academic achievement.
Native JSON datatype support: maturing SQL and NoSQL convergence in Oracle database

Both RDBMS and NoSQL database vendors have added varying degrees of support for storing and processing JSON data. Some vendors store JSON directly as text while others add new JSON type systems backed by binary encoding formats. The latter option is increasingly popular as it enables richer type systems and efficient query processing. In this paper, we present our new native JSON datatype and how it is fully integrated with the Oracle Database ecosystem to transform Oracle Database into a mature platform for serving both SQL and NoSQL style access paradigms. We show how our uniquely designed Oracle Binary JSON format (OSON) is able to speed up both OLAP and OLTP workloads over JSON documents.
Strategic Asset Allocation: The Role of Corporate Bond Indices?

This paper studies dynamic asset allocations across stocks, Treasury bonds, and corporate bond indices. We employ a new model where liquidity plays an important role in forecasting excess returns. We document the significant utility benefits an investor gains by optimally including corporate bond indices in his portfolio. The benefits are bigger for lower-grade bonds. We also find that investment-grade indices are different from high-yield indices in that different risks are priced in these two asset classes. One important difference is that there exist positive "flight-to-liquidity" premia in investment-grade bonds, but we find no such premia in high-yield bonds. We calculate the portfolio behavior and the utility benefits for three types of investors, the "sophisticated", the "average" and the "lazy" investor. We provide practical portfolio advice on investing throughout the business cycle and we study how the total allocations and hedging demands vary with the business conditions. In addition, utilizing our model, we evaluate the significance of the liquidity variable information for the investor. We find that the liquidity information greatly enhances the investor's portfolio performance. Finally, further support in the optimality of the strategies is provided by calculating their in- and out-of-sample realized returns for the last decade.
Development of a Novel Mentorship Platform to Foster Relational Mentoring, Empowered Vulnerability, and Professional Identity Formation in Undergraduate Medical Education.

PROBLEM: Mentorship is valuable to medical students undergoing professional identity formation. Many institutions lack infrastructure to facilitate the personalized mentoring that supports students' integration of new professional identities with their personal identities and values. APPROACH: The authors developed a novel mentorship platform called Weave via a multistep, iterative design process, incorporating in-person and survey-based student and faculty feedback. Features of Weave include clear communication of mentorship offerings and expectations, plus opportunities to engage mentors based on professional and personal (identity-based) attributes. Faculty at Harvard Medical School who created a mentor profile within the first 3 months of launch and students who visited the website within the same period were invited to complete usability surveys in February 2019; students were invited to complete impact surveys in August 2020. OUTCOMES: Fifty-two of 132 invited faculty members (39.4%) and 80 of 185 students (43.2%) completed the usability surveys. Most of these faculty (86.5%) and students (73.8%) reported navigating the website was easy/very easy; 36 faculty (69.2%) created a mentor profile within 10 minutes. Key innovations highlighted by faculty and students were the listing of personal attributes and identities of diverse faculty; centralized, increased access to faculty mentors; ease of use; and provision of clear expectations. Nearly all students who completed the impact surveys agreed that Weave allowed them to connect with a faculty mentor whom they would not have found through other sources and to learn about the dimensions of diverse faculty. NEXT STEPS: Weave is a customizable online mentorship platform that fosters empowered vulnerability and increases dialogue between medical students and faculty based on professional and personal interests and identities. Weave may be expanded to other mentoring contexts and adapted for implementation at other institutions to help cultivate an institutional culture that values mentoring and to strengthen broader diversity and inclusion efforts.
Exploring Instagram To Promote Student Engagement in an Online Didactic Environment

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced higher-education institutions to shift to nearly 100% online delivery of didactic coursework nationally. Besides the stress and isolation that many students experience simply due to the physical distancing requirements imposed by the crisis, students new to learning in an online environment may feel further isolated and disengaged from the course content. Consequently, we explored the use of an existing online social networking tool, Instagram, to enhance students' engagement with online course material. In this study, students enrolled in both undergraduate and graduate online science courses were invited to participate. Course instructors posted materials related to the topics covered in the course weekly sessions, including links to news reports, cartoons, and short quizzes. At the conclusion of each course, a questionnaire focusing on the students' experience was distributed to all participants. Results from the survey showed that the weekly Instagram posts allowed students to feel more engaged with the course content and connected with the course instructors and classmates. However, some students reported that the posts were not helpful or that they did not feel comfortable using social networking tools for education purposes due to privacy concerns. In this article, we provide tips for how to improve the effectiveness of using social networking tools to augment didactic online courses.
The Evolution of Migraine Surgery: Two Decades of Continual Research. My Current Thoughts.

SUMMARY A mere serendipitous finding has culminated in a life-changing development for patients and a colossally fulfilling field for many surgeons. The surgical treatment of migraine headaches has been embraced by many plastic surgeons after numerous investigations ensuring that the risks are minimal and the rewards inestimable. Seldom has a plastic surgery procedure been the subject of such scrutiny. Through retrospective, prospective pilot, prospective randomized, prospective randomized with sham surgery, and 5-year follow-up studies, the safety, efficacy, and longevity of the given operation have been confirmed. Although the first decade of this journey was focused on investigating effectiveness and risk profile, the second decade was largely devoted to improving results, reducing invasiveness, and shortening recovery. Multiple publications in peer-reviewed journals over the past 20 years, several independent studies from reputable surgeons at recognized centers, and over 40 studies from the author's center have established the surgical treatment of headaches as a standard practice.
What is special about silicon in functionalised organic semiconductors

A carbon side-chain analogue to the high-performance organic semiconductor triethylsilylethynyl difluoroanthradithiophene has been synthesised and characterized. Atomic substitution of carbon for silicon results in subtle changes to opto-electronic properties, which are rationalised by density functional theory and balance of electron donating and withdrawing effects. Larger differences are observed in photostability and solid-state packing of the new material in comparison to known silicon and germanium derivatives. Comparison of the group 14 elements teaches us about the newly synthesised system, but also how the silylethynyl substituents used for the last two decades contribute to successful employment of functionalised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as organic semiconductors.
Hemorrhage in the Brain and Neck Observed by MRI

The sections in this article are 1 History 2 Biophysical Principles 3 Imaging Pulse Sequences in Hemorrhage 4 Clinical Situations 5 Other Clinical Concepts 6 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Reformulation‐Linearization Technique for MIPs

The reformulation-linearization technique (RLT) for mixed-integer programs is an automatic model enhancement approach that generates a hierarchy of relaxations spanning the spectrum from the continuous linear programming (LP) relaxation to the convex hull of feasible solutions. This process is applicable to both 0-1 as well as general discrete programs, and can be further augmented through the use of classes of semidefinite cuts. Often, the first-level relaxation itself provides a sufficiently tight model reformulation that significantly improves problem solvability. The RLT procedure also offers a unifying framework for solving continuous nonconvex factorable optimization problems to global optimality. Keywords: reformulation-linearization technique; RLT; mixed-integer programming; lift-and-project; tight relaxations; valid inequalities; model reformulation; convex hull; nonconvex programs; global optimization
The Commonalities of Suicide across the Life Span

To be a pristine suicidologist, one may have to be a radical mentalist. In other words—given the obvious (and perhaps banal) fact that there are biological structures and physiological concomitants—suicide is an act of volition and frustrated psychological needs, and that the very core of suicide always relates to overwhelming psychological pain.
Feasibility of a tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant Alaska Native women.

Background Among Alaska Native women residing in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta region of Western Alaska, about 79% smoke cigarettes or use smokeless tobacco during pregnancy. Treatment methods developed and evaluated among Alaska Native pregnant tobacco users do not exist. This pilot study used a randomized two-group design to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a targeted cessation intervention for Alaska Native pregnant women. Methods Recruitment occurred over an 8-month period. Enrolled participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 18; brief face-to-face counseling at the first visit and written materials) or to the intervention group (n = 17) consisting of face-to-face counseling at the first visit, four telephone calls, a video highlighting personal stories, and a cessation guide. Interview-based assessments were conducted at baseline and follow-up during pregnancy (>or=60 days postrandomization). Feasibility was determined by the recruitment and retention rates. Results The participation rate was very low with only 12% of eligible women (35/293) enrolled. Among enrolled participants, the study retention rates were high in both the intervention (71%) and control (94%) groups. The biochemically confirmed abstinence rates at follow-up were 0% and 6% for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Discussion The low enrollment rate suggests that the program was not feasible or acceptable. Alternative approaches are needed to improve the reach and efficacy of cessation interventions for Alaska Native women.
Her-2/neu as a Predictive Marker of Response to Breast Cancer Therapy

Amplification of the HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2) gene resulting in overexpression of the p185HER-2 growth factor receptor occurs in ∼25% of early stage breast cancers. HER-2/neu has been established as an important independent prognostic factor in early stage breast cancer in large cohorts of patients and in cohorts with very long (30 year) follow-up duration. New data are emerging to suggest that HER-2/neu may be useful not only as a prognostic factor but also as a predictive marker for projecting response to chemotherapeutics, antiestrogens, and therapeutic anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibodies. In this review we highlight recent data on HER-2/neu as a predictive marker of response to breast cancer therapy and discuss the clinical implications of this information. The difficulty in comparing results from different data sets due to the wide variety of reagents and technologies used to detect HER-2/neu amplification/over-expression in clinical specimens is also discussed. Finally, we report results from experimental models of HER-2/neu overexpression which have been used in an effort to understand the relationship between HER-2/neu and response to chemotherapeutics and antiestrogens in breast cancer.
Brain abscess: Association with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Report of three cases

T he source of hematogenous brain abscess is often unknown. Recently, we have cared for three patients with brain abscess who were found to have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-WeberRendu syndrome). These three patients were among 36 consecutive brain abscess cases seen at our institutions since computerized tomographic (CT) scanning became available in 1975. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula was documented in two of the three cases and strongly suspected in the third. Our cases are discussed with emphasis upon the importance of recognition of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in persons with brain abscess.
Frequency of spousal interaction and 3-year progression of carotid artery intima medial thickness: the Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project.

OBJECTIVE We employed Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) real-time recording in the natural setting to determine whether spousal interaction frequency predicts 3-year progression of carotid artery intima medial thickening (IMT). METHODS Participants were 250 healthy, older adults (M age = 61, 48% female) who, at baseline, underwent 6 days of ambulatory monitoring using electronic diaries to collect data on mood, activity, and posture, as well as current or recent (past 10 minutes) social interactions. Participants also underwent ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Spousal interaction frequency was computed as the sum of total interactions with only the spouse during the 6 days of monitoring. RESULTS Spousal interaction frequency did not predict IMT change in the sample as a whole (p = .87). However, a sex by spousal interaction by marital adjustment interaction (p = .02) indicated that more frequent spousal interaction was associated with less IMT progression among men with better marital adjustment (p = .03). In contrast, frequent spousal interaction predicted greater IMT progression among women with better martial adjustment (p < .01). This effect lost significance when women's total social interactions (sum of all interactions) were included in the model. Total social interaction frequency was an independent predictor of IMT among women but not men. CONCLUSIONS These findings extend those of previous research by suggesting that frequent spousal interactions may be associated with long-term cardiovascular health among happily married older men and demonstrate how sampling daily experience may enhance our understanding of the possible health benefits of marriage.
New Skeletal Remains of Mammuthus columbi from Glynn County, Georgia with Notes on their Historical and Paleoecological Significance

Abstract Although Mammuthus columbi (Columbian Mammoth) remains have been collected and extensively studied throughout the United States, limited in situ material has been discovered in Georgia. Here we describe new Columbian Mammoth material from Clark Quarry, a recently excavated late-Pleistocene locality near Brunswick, GA, and discuss their historical and paleoecological significance. The site has yielded 12 genera of birds, 18 genera of amphibians and reptiles, and 12 species of mammals. Radiocarbon analyses bracket the locality between 19,840 and 22,240 radiocarbon years before present. In 1857, Falconer designated a partial third upper molar unearthed during the excavation of the Brunswick Altamaha Canal as the type specimen for Mammuthus (Elephas) columbi. Clark Quarry borders the abandoned Brunswick Altamaha Canal, and presents the possibility that this new material could be from the type locality of Mammuthus columbi. Material identified thus far indicates a minimum of two individuals and includ...