cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of APRT deficiency in mouse P19 teratocarcinoma stem cell line

We have used four gene probes specific for mouse chromosome 8, including adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt), to demonstrate that the P19 teratocarcinoma stem cell line contains two disinct chromosome 8 homologs. One represents the common laboratory mouse C3H (Mus musculus domesticus) homolog while the second homolog was presumably contributed by a feralMus musculus musculus animal. Six cell lines with APRT heterozygous deficiencies were isolated from P19 subclones. A molecular analysis of these heterozygotes demonstrated that three arose by deletion of theMus musculus musculus aprt allele and three arose byaprt gene inactivation. APRT homozygous deficient cell lines were isolated from both classes of heterozygote; most contained little or no detectable APRT activity. When the heterozygous deficiency was due to deletion of theMus musculus musculus aprt allele, the most frequent event yielding homozygous deficient cell lines was associated with loss of heterozygosity for all tested markers on theMus musculus domesticus homolog indicating chromosome los. In contrast, when the initial event resulting in APRT heterozygous deficiency was gene inactivation, homozygotes arose predominantly from gene deletion or a second inactivation event. These results suggest a potential relationship between the first- and second-step events resulting in APRT deficiencies.
A Taylor Series Approach for Nonlinear H∞Control Applications

This paper presents the application of a Taylor series approximation scheme for the solution of Hamilton-Jacobi equations that are related to nonlinear H∞ control problems. The scheme is realized e...
Maximization of mass flow in a channel obstructed by an infinitely thin plate using a gradient-based control strategy

Abstract The problem of maximizing the mass flow in a two-dimensional channel partially blocked by an infinitely thin flat plate is addressed using a gradient based control strategy. The state equations are the two-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The control is a spatially and temporally varying wall-normal velocity boundary condition subject to spatial and temporal constraints of zero mass flux, which are chosen to model realistic Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems based on the movement of small plungers or diaphragms. The control which maximizes the mass flow is found using a conjugate gradient method, where the gradient of the objective function with respect to the control variables is obtained from solving a set of adjoint equations. The effectiveness of choices for the objective function are examined along with the effect of the event horizon and the temporal constraint. Significant increases in the mass flow are obtained for certain choices of these parameters. In many cases, the increase in the mass flow was obtained with a net energy savings. The numerical issues involved with finding the control are discussed and the features of the resulting control are analyzed with the goal of understanding how it affects the mass flow.
Kindling facilitates acquisition of discriminative responding but disrupts reversal learning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response.

Abstract The effect of kindling the hippocampal perforant path-dentate projection on subsequent discrimination-reversal conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane (NM) response was examined. Kindling facilitated acquisition of the initial discriminative response but severely impaired performance during reversal training. The facilitative effect on initial acquisition is highly similar to previously reported effects of long-term potentiation on NM discrimination learning, and thus may reflect a kindling-induced increase in perforant path-dentate synaptic strength. The learning deficit during reversal training is similar to the effects of hippocampal ablation; i.e. characterized by a continued high response rate to the CS − rather than an inability to respond to the CS +. These findings demonstrate that kindling-induced seizures can have profound effects on associative learning. The effects are different for the discrimination and reversal phases of the task, however, which may reflect the multi-dimensional effects of kindling at the cellular level.
TH‐F‐213AB‐01: Practical Issues for Biologically Based Treatment Planning

The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver a therapeuticdose of radiation to target tissues while minimizing the risks of normal tissue complications. Until recently, the quality of a radiation treatment plan has been judged by physical quantities, i.e., dose and dose‐volume parameters, thought to correlate with biological response rather than by estimates of the biological outcome itself. Developments in our understanding of advantages and limitations of existing dose‐response models begin to allow the incorporation of biological concepts and outcome data into treatment planning process. Any use of dose‐response (outcome) models that involves feedback from a model during the treatment planning process is referred here as biologically based treatment planning, which aims to design dose distributions that would produce the desired balance between tumor cure and normal tissue injury based on the knowledge of biological properties of the particular tumor and surrounding normal tissues. Such a multidimensional problem is most appropriately addressed in the framework of inverse treatment planning presently employed for the optimization of IMRT plans and will rely on models to describe relationships between dose distributions and biological outcomes. The feedback may be either passive/automated in the case of inverse treatment planning, or with active participation from the planner in the case of forward treatment planning.Treatment planning tools that use biologically‐related models for plan optimization and/or evaluation are being introduced for clinical use. However, due to factors such as the limitations of models and available model parameters, the incomplete understanding of dose responses, and the inadequate clinical data, the use of biologically‐based treatment planningsystem represents a paradigm shift and can be potentially dangerous. There will be a steep learning curve for most planners. This presentation will discuss various practical issues including (1) dosimetrical differences between biologically based and physical dose(dose‐volume) based treatment plan optimization and evaluation, and (2) general QA methodology for using biologically‐based models in treatment planningsystems. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand differences between the use of biologically‐based and dose‐volume based treatment plan optimization and evaluation; 2. Understand general QA methodology of a biologically based planning system.
Appointing Federal Judges: Law, Politics, and Democracy

Michael Comiskey Seeking Justices: The Judging of Supreme Court Nominees. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004. Richard Davis, Electing Justice: Fixing the Supreme Court Nomination Process. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Lee Epstein and Jeffrey A. Segal, Advice and Consent: The Politics of Judicial Appointments. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Benjamin Wittes, Confirmation Wars: Preserving Independent Courts in Angry Times. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.
Locally compact modules

Pontryagin first worked out the structure and duality theory for locally compact abelian groups in the 1930’s. This theory has since played an important role in the modern adelic approach to number theory. Of particular importance to number theory are certain locally compact abelian groups with lattice. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to generalize Pontryagin’s theory to a theory of locally compact modules over appropriate rings. The second is to characterize in general those locally compact modules which contain a lattice and to characterize in particular the adele rings. The following.notations are used throughout this paper. .% is an arbitrary commutative ring unless explicitly stated otherwise. $2 is always assumed to have the discrete topology. 2 is either the ring Z of rational integers or the ring F[t] of polynomials in the indeterminate t, over the finite constant field F. Q is the field of fractions of Zi?‘. K is a finite separable algebraic extension of Q. Finally, 0 is the integral closure of 2’ in k. A field, Fz, formed in this way is called a global field, and 0 is called a ring of integers of K. (We note that 57, Q, and 0 are uniquely determined by K in the case of characteristic 0 but not in the case of characteristic p > 0.) It is well known that a ring of integers of a global field is a Dedekind domain. We will frequently make use of this fact. We generalize the usual definition of “9-module” to
Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Magnetic nanoparticles that are superparamagnetic with high saturation moment have great potential for biomedical applications. Solution-phase syntheses have recently been applied to make various kinds of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles with standard deviation in diameter of less than 10%. However, the surface of these nanoparticles is coated with a layer of hydrocarbon molecules due to the use of lipid-like carboxylic acid and amine in the syntheses. Surface functionalization leads to the formation of water-soluble nanoparticles that can be further modified with various biomolecules. Such functionalization has brought about several series of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticle systems that have shown promising applications in protein or DNA separation, detection and magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement. The goal of this mini review is to summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and surface modification of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The Suffering of Passion: Metamorphoses and the Embrace of the Stranger

In this paper I use the concept of the “suffering of passion” to explore how human beings endure personal metamorphoses. I suggest that the affirmation of passion, which is both self-interested and self-surrendering, is necessary in order to embark on the journey from self-sameness to otherness. Inasmuch as this transitional path simultaneously entails the “embrace of the stranger” of one's own growth and of the subjectivity of another person, the suffering of passion is both a developmental and ethical achievement. The mutual interchange of giving and receiving, mediated by gratitude and generosity, inspires the passion necessary to construct a relational bridge of conscience from self-sameness to otherness. When the mutuality of giving and receiving breaks down, shame may lead to the negation and disowning of one's passion. The resulting inversion of passion into passivity may then culminate in a narcissistic loyalty to “one's own kind.” A case vignette of a young man is presented to illustrate the diff...
Prime Movers of Globalization: The History and Impact of Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, by Vaclav Smil

(2011). Prime Movers of Globalization: The History and Impact of Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, by Vaclav Smil. Design and Culture: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 415-417.
Marketing event optimization

We present an algorithm for performing multi-channel marketing event optimization. Previous related work, which made use of a complex mixed-integer linear program to generate a marketing plan, was capable of providing plans for only groups of individuals, referred to as micro-segments, and considered only the direct mail channel. Today, most firms use multiple channels, such as e-mail, call centers, and direct mail, to contact customers with marketing events. Our method successfully overcomes many past restrictions and reduces the run time for the marketing scenarios so that computation can take place on a daily basis. The algorithm used is an advanced form of a greedy heuristic which--given a set of marketing events by channel, a set of individuals, some constraints, and the concepts of saturation and cannibalization--determines the optimal set of marketing events to present to an individual customer. The algorithm is embedded in a solution that is designed to operate as an interactive what-if scenario planner, or as a batch-oriented job that can continually maintain each customer's future contact plans in an optimal fashion.
Domain motions of Argonaute, the catalytic engine of RNA interference

The Argonaute protein is the core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, playing the central role of cleaving the mRNA target. Visual inspection of static crystal structures already has enabled researchers to suggest conformational changes of Argonaute that might occur during RNA interference. We have taken the next step by performing an all-atom normal mode analysis of the Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute crystal structures, allowing us to quantitatively assess the feasibility of these conformational changes. To perform the analysis, we begin with the energy-minimized X-ray structures. Normal modes are then calculated using an all-atom molecular mechanics force field. The analysis reveals low-frequency vibrations that facilitate the accommodation of RNA duplexes – an essential step in target recognition. The Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute proteins both exhibit low-frequency torsion and hinge motions; however, differences in the overall architecture of the proteins cause the detailed dynamics to be significantly different. Overall, low-frequency vibrations of Argonaute are consistent with mechanisms within the current reaction cycle model for RNA interference.
Universal composition–structure–property maps for natural and biomimetic platelet–matrix composites and stacked heterostructures

Many natural and biomimetic platelet–matrix composites—such as nacre, silk, and clay-polymer—exhibit a remarkable balance of strength, toughness and/or stiffness, which call for a universal measure to quantify this outstanding feature given the structure and material characteristics of the constituents. Analogously, there is an urgent need to quantify the mechanics of emerging electronic and photonic systems such as stacked heterostructures. Here we report the development of a unified framework to construct universal composition–structure–property diagrams that decode the interplay between various geometries and inherent material features in both platelet–matrix composites and stacked heterostructures. We study the effects of elastic and elastic-perfectly plastic matrices, overlap offset ratio and the competing mechanisms of platelet versus matrix failures. Validated by several 3D-printed specimens and a wide range of natural and synthetic materials across scales, the proposed universally valid diagrams have important implications for science-based engineering of numerous platelet–matrix composites and stacked heterostructures.
Plasma concentrations of carotenoids after large doses of beta-carotene

Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene were determined in healthy men ingesting 180 mg beta-carotene/d during studies on the effects of beta-carotene on sunburn prevention. This dose is also used in the treatment of light-sensitive skin diseases. beta-carotene concentrations were found to reach a plateau in 1.5 to 4 wk, although there was much individual variation in the actual serum concentrations achieved. Carotenodermia was present in most subjects. No evidence of toxicity was found, confirming the findings of previous photosensitivity-prevention studies, which also reported no significant toxicity attributable to beta-carotene.
Optical Detection Heterogeneously Integrated With a Coplanar Digital Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip Platform

The intimate integration of optical components with microfluidics technology will enable next generation portable LoC systems that may completely contain optical generation, processing, and detection. Toward the chip scale integration of digital microfluidics with active compound semiconductor devices, heterogeneous integration technology is used in this paper to integrate thin film (approx 1 micron thick) compound semiconductor photodetectors with digital microfluidic systems. Each thin film InGaAs photodetector is bonded onto a glass platform, coated with Teflon AF, and integrated into the digital microfluidics system. The detection function is tested using the mixing and digital droplet movement of chemiluminescent compounds, which clearly indicate the functionality of the microfluidics system and the integrated thin film InGaAs photodetector.
ATM Dependent Silencing Links Nucleolar Chromatin Reorganization to DNA Damage Recognition

Resolution of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for the suppression of genome instability. DSB repair in transcriptionally active genomic regions represents a unique challenge that is associated with ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase-mediated transcriptional silencing. Despite emerging insights into the underlying mechanisms, how DSB silencing connects to DNA repair remains undefined. We observe that silencing within the rDNA depends on persistent DSBs. Non-homologous end-joining was the predominant mode of DSB repair allowing transcription to resume. ATM-dependent rDNA silencing in the presence of persistent DSBs led to the large-scale reorganization of nucleolar architecture, with movement of damaged chromatin to nucleolar cap regions. These findings identify ATM-dependent temporal and spatial control of DNA repair and provide insights into how communication between DSB signaling and ongoing transcription promotes genome integrity.
Stalemate versus Peace Propsects in Kashmir

The Crisis in Kashmir: Portents of War, Hopes of Peace, Sumit Ganguly (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1997). 197 pp.. cloth (ISBN: 0-52159-066-3). $54.95: paper (ISBN: 0-52165-066-8), $17.95. Book reviewed: Ganguly, Sumit The Crisis in Kashmir: Portents of War, Hopes of Peace
A novel approach for modeling and simulation of a-Si/c-Si 1−x Ge x /c-Si hetrostructure thin-film solar cells

Numerical simulation of a-Si/c-Si 1−x Ge x /c-Si hetrostructure was performed. Advanced modeling and simulation tools were used for this study. It was found that p-Si 1−x Ge x film can play a critical role to improve the light absorption properties of the design structure. Study was performed for varying thickness of Si 1−x Ge x alloyed layer, where, Ge composition was kept constant ∼10% throughout. An approach relying on the phenomena of improved absorption properties that corresponds to the gain in the short-circuit current was explored. Numerical results showed that for p-Si 1−x Ge x thickness ∼5°m, n+ and p+ doping concentrations ∼2×1019 cm−3 and ∼2×1018 cm−3, an efficiency ∼19.07% was obtained.
Ultrastructure and histochemistry, of the stomach of Asplanchna sieboldi

Stomach cells of female Asplanchna sieboldi are specialized for absorption and intracellular digestion of nutrients. Evidence is presented to show that electron-opaque colloidal substances, present in the medium and within digestive vacuoles of the prey (Paramecium), are taken up by the stomach cells at the apical cell membrane and sequestered within food vacuoles which contain hydrolases working in both the acid and alkaline pH range. The stomach cells are also implicated in the absorption of molecules below the resolving power of the electron microscope. In rotifers possessing a complete digestive tract, this task is presumed to be handled by the intestine.
OBSERVATIONS ON CLOTTING ACTIVITY DURING PRE-ECLAMPSIA

Patients with documented pre-eclampsia of pregnancy were utilized on this study. Various clotting factor activities were measured and these included the prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), and clotting factors II, V, VII, VIII, X and XII plus the platelets. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the activity of many clotting factors was significantly changed due to pre-eclampsia, in general, being elevated over normal pregnant controls. This was primarily reflected in the common pathway portion of the clotting cascade.
A Survey of Spinal Cord Stimulator Use by Chronic Pain Patients While Driving.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to assess utilization of spinal cord stimulator (SCS) devices while driving a vehicle and potential association with motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A telephone survey study was conducted in two phases, from 2001 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2011. Patients selected for the survey were age 18 or older and at least one year post-SCS implantation, demonstrating stable analgesic use for at least six months, and reporting a minimum of 50% pain relief and enhancement of activities of daily living. Both phases of the study evaluated for degree of utilization of SCS while driving a motor vehicle as well as associated accidents. Additionally, patients with active SCS use while driving were further asked in the second phase of the study about mileage per week and first activation of the device postimplant. RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent of the 78 patients contacted were active drivers and of these, 80% reported chronic and consistent use of SCS for the analgesic benefit while operating a motor vehicle. Eleven percent reported MVAs, which were not related to SCS. In the second phase of the study, participants reported a median of 100 miles driven per week with the SCS device on and began use of the device at a median of 21 days postimplant for up to 49 months. CONCLUSION: Because of the perceived benefits of pain reduction, there is high utilization of active SCS while driving a motor vehicle and that does not seem predispose toward MVAs. Language: en
Acridine orange fluorescence: a temporary stain for paramecia.

A new temporary stain for the demonstration of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures in paramecia involves simply adding a microdrop of stain to living cells in a drop of culture fluid. The preparation is ready for immediate observation using fluorescence microscopy. The concentration of the dye is 0.3 mg/ml. The technique can he used for cells during vegetative reproduction and meiotic reorganization. Although there are excellent temporary stains available, the present procedure is extremely rapid, simple and reliable. The stain can also be used for auto-radiographs to facilitate visualization of structures for grain counting.
Informal Meditation on Empiricism and Approximation in Fuzzy Logic and Set Theory: Descriptive Normativity, Formal Informality and Objective Subjectivity

The paper defends the view that the application and construction of mathematics may prove to be empiricist, subjective, approximative, contextual and normative. These elements are both inseparable and central to the possibility and success of mathematical practice. The cases of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic illustrate and support this account. In turn, the framework the account offers also brings out the particular ways in which the noted elements distinctively characterize these related fuzzy projects. Their future will benefit from understanding them more critically and creatively.
Mapping the Criminal Mind: Idiographic Assessment of Criminal Belief Systems

An idiographic procedure designed to assess the belief systems of criminal offenders is described, investigated, and clarified. This measure, the Cognitive Map of Major Belief Systems (CMMBS), assesses the five belief systems (self-view, world-view, past-view, present-view, future-view) held to occupy the higher echelons of human cognition. Modest to moderate test-retest reliability was achieved when 19 inmates, enrolled in one of three drug-counseling groups, completed the CMMBS on two separate occasions, 2 weeks apart. It was also ascertained that the drug treatment specialist who served as therapist for all three groups “blindly” matched the 19 CMMBS records to the inmates who produced them. A case study of one of the 19 participants was used to illustrate how the CMMBS is employed with individual offenders and how belief systems interact with major schematic subnetworks such as attributions, outcome expectancies, efficacy expectancies, goals, values, and thinking styles to create crime-supporting life...
Mathematical modeling supports substantial mouse neural progenitor cell death.

Background Existing quantitative models of mouse cerebral cortical development are not fully constrained by experimental data.
Flk Couples flgM Translation to Flagellar Ring Assembly in Salmonella typhimurium

The hook-basal body (HBB) is a key intermediate structure in the flagellar assembly pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. The FlgM protein inhibits the flagellum-specific transcription factor ς28 in the absence of the intact HBB structure and is secreted out of the cell following HBB completion. The flk gene encodes a positive regulator of the activity of FlgM at an assembly step just prior to HBB completion: at the point of assembly of the P- and L-rings. FlgM inhibition of ς28-dependent class 3 flagellar gene transcription was relieved in P- and L-ring assembly mutants (flgA, flgH, and flgI) by introduction of a null mutation in the flk gene (J. E. Karlinsey et al., J. Bacteriol. 179:2389–2400, 1997). In P- and L-ring mutant strains, recessive mutations in flk resulted in a reduction in intracellular FlgM levels to those seen in wild-type (Fla+) strains. The reduction in intracellular FlgM levels by mutations in the flk gene was concomitant with a 10-fold increase in transcription of the flgMN operon compared to that of the isogenic flk+ strain, while transcription of the flgAMN operon was unaffected. This was true for both direct measurement of the flgAMN and flgMN mRNA transcripts by RNase T2 protection assays and for lac operon fusions to either the flgAMN or flgMN promoter. Loss of Flk did not allow secretion of FlgM through basal-body structures lacking the P- and L-rings. Intracellular FlgM was stable to proteolysis, and turnover occured primarily after export out of the cell. Loss of Flk did not result in increased FlgM turnover in either P- or L-ring mutant strains. With lacZ translational fusions to flgM, a null mutation in flk resulted in a significant reduction of flgM-lacZ mRNA translation, expressed from the class 3 flgMN promoter, in P- and L-ring mutant strains. No reduction in either flgAMN or flgMN mRNA stability was measured in the absence of Flk in Fla+, ring mutant, or HBB deletion strains. We conclude that the reduction in the intracellular FlgM levels by mutation in the flk gene is only at the level of flgM mRNA translation.
Onset and complications of varicella zoster reactivation in the autologous hematopoietic cell transplant population.

J.E. Rogers, A. Cumpston, M. Newton, M. Craig. Onset and complications of varicella zoster reactivation in the autologous hematopoietic cell transplant population. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 480–484. All rights reserved Background. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections are a common complication in patients receiving autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Recent guideline revisions suggest extending VZV prophylaxis to 1 year after autologous HCT. We retrospectively evaluated reactivation at our center, before implementation of extended acyclovir prophylaxis, to determine onset and outcome in the autologous HCT population. Methods. Inclusion criteria consisted of adult patients who received an autologous HCT with documentation for at least 1 year post transplant. Those excluded from review were patients who received acyclovir prophylaxis for >30 days post transplant or subsequently received an allogeneic transplant within 1 year. For patients in whom reactivation occurred, the severity of infection, the timing of onset, treatment of the reactivation, and any complications were recorded. Results. In the final analysis, 56 patients were assessed. Reactivation of zoster occurred in 16% of recipients with a median onset of 4.5 months post transplant. Complications that were observed include postherpetic neuralgia, severe pain, scarring, and motor weakness. Two patients required hospitalization for treatment, with 1 patient requiring 6 months of rehabilitation for motor weakness following the infection. Conclusions. Our study revealed a 16% incidence of VZV reactivation in our autologous HCT population. The onset of these occurrences ranged from 2 to 10 months post transplant, with significant VZV-associated complications. We consider VZV reactivation a serious concern in the autologous transplant setting, requiring extended prophylaxis.
Fracto-emission-induced electrical breakdown in vacuum

Electrical breakdown was induced in a vacuum directly across a crack. These breakdown events are explained in terms of fracto-emission (the emission of charged particles, neutral species and photons due to fracture) serving as a trigger which induced breakdown. The effect of creating a crack in a dielectric suspended between two electrodes, the dependence of the observed discharges on the magnitude of the applied voltage and on the nature of the fracto-emission, and the temporal relationship of the onset of breakdown to the fracture event were examined. The materials studied were polymethylmethacrylate and a Kevlar-fiber reinforced composite. >
UTILIZATION OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE BY MICROORGANISMS

Shapiro, Stanley K. (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill.). Utilization of S-adenosylmethionine by microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 83:169–174. 1962.—Two types of mutants of Aerobacter aerogenes that utilize S-adenosylmethionine for growth are described. One type also responds to methionine, 5′methylthioadenosine, or a combination of homocysteine and S-methylmethionine. The second type of mutant responds only to S-adenosylmethionine or a combination of adenine and S-ribosylmethionine. The most common type of methionine mutant is unable to utilize S-adenosylmethionine for growth. The mutants are able to utilize the compounds that support growth as the sole source of sulfur. S-Adenosylhomocysteine is not utilized for growth by any of the mutants of A. aerogenes described here. There are no significant differences between the mutants and the wild type in the enzymatic decomposition of S-adenosylmethionine or in the activity of the homocysteine transmethylases. S-Adenosylmethionine does not replace the methionine requirement of the lactic acid bacteria, although Lactobacillus arabinosus shows half-maximal growth with the sulfonium compound and homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine is not utilized for growth by these organisms.
The dynamic nature of Congestion inInfiniBand

The InfiniBand Congestion Control (CC) mechanism is able to reduce congestion and improve performance in many situations. In this paper we study the characteristics of congestion in InfiniBand by monitoring and analyzing the CC mechanism with a hardware analyzer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that presents experience with, and analysis of, the InfiniBand CC with such a tool. We found that there can be more than one “root of congestion”, as defined by the IBTA specification, existing at the same time in the congestion tree, and a “root of congestion” can be converted to a “victim of congestion” as its nature changes. We also observed that even with constant traffic flows, the “root of congestion” will shift from one place to another within the congestion tree, with corresponding consequence for packets from various traffic sources: traffic that might be negatively impacted by tree spreading and might be not contributing to the “root of congestion” before, will be treated as a congestion contributor and then be throttled by the CC mechanism.
Effect of Flow Guide Integration on the Thermal Performance of High Performance Liquid Cooled Immersion Server Modules

Liquid immersion cooling technology, currently in its nascence as a commercially available solution for data center installations, is growing in popularity as the power density of next-gen electronics necessitates a matriculation to thermal management techniques capable of handling incredibly high heat fluxes reliably and efficiently. The use of boiling and single-phase convective solutions using dielectric fluids can result in dramatic reductions in chip temperatures, thus increasing reliability. The latter method is growing in popularity faster than the former but, as both of these approaches gain acceptance, packaging engineers will require insight into how coolant is distributed throughout the enclosure for either solution. More specifically, analytical and experimental techniques will be required to ascertain how thermal performance and system efficiency of more critical elements, such as processor chips, are affected by the auxiliary components, heated or not, that must exist within a computing device. These supplemental components, whether entirely passive or modestly heated, if placed strategically can be integrated in such a way to improve the thermal performance of the system by guiding the coolant through the liquid filled enclosure. To this end, flow guides, which simulate these auxiliary components, have been integrated into a small form factor high performance server module. The relationship between the surface temperature and the power dissipated by the primary heated elements within the device has been explored as well as the pressure drop experienced by the coolant flowing through the enclosure. Power dissipations near 450W have been achieved at a surface temperature of approximately 75°C with the use of flow guides, a near 50W improvement over previous results. Furthermore, this value was attained at a modest pressure drop of 0.71 psi for the dielectric fluid flowing through the cartridge. Slightly over 300W of power dissipation was achieved at an even lower pressure drop of 0.13 psi at a similar operating temperature. Pool boiling results have shown that passive elements can have a significant impact on thermal performance. Reductions of nearly 50W in the maximum power dissipation achieved have been shown when the largest flow guide is integrated. A PIV analytical method is proposed and applied to the current experimental facility to assess the effectiveness of the flow guide design proposed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
In vitro alteration of hematological parameters and blood viscosity by the perfluorocarbon: Oxycyte.

While perfluorocarbons (PFCs) may be useful in some clinical situations, previous studies have shown that interferences with chemistry analytes can occur with blood samples containing PFCs. This in vitro study focused on how the PFC Oxycyte may affect hematology measurements in blood samples. Swine blood diluted with Oxycyte or saline (Controls) were analyzed for Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV),Hematocrit (Hct) and Fluorocrit (Fct) using a HemaVet, ABL-735 (ABL), or microhematocrit. Ancillary tests (blood viscosity, electrolytes, cell counts, and red blood cell morphology) were performed secondarily. Increasing Oxycyte resulted in increases in MCV, Hct, and visible cell shape change and morphology vs. Controls. Effects correlated with lower sodium in Oxycyte samples vs. Controls. With increasing Oxycyte, Hb became higher than Controls or became unpredictable depending on the instrument (HemaVet or ABL, respectively). Fct was smaller than predicted and likely represented the heaviest components of Oxycyte. At ≥50 % Oxycyte, RBC hemolysis rendered further measurements impractical. Viscosity first increased then decreased with increasing Oxycyte, peaking at ~40 % Oxycyte. Hct, MCV, Hb, and RBC morphology may be affected by Oxycyte. These observations correlated with lower sodium and increasing Oxycyte, causing hemolysis at high Oxycyte concentrations. These changes were due to alterations in the blood samples in vitro and this should be considered when interpreting hematology parameters from in vivo studies.
Validation of the long- and short-form of the Ethical Values Assessment (EVA) A questionnaire measuring the three ethics approach to moral psychology

Moral psychology has been moving toward consideration of multiple kinds of moral concepts and values, such as the Ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity. While these three ethics have commonly...
Composting short paper fiber with broiler litter and additives II. Evaluation and optimization of decomposition rate versus mixing ratio

Short paper fiber (SPF), a by-product of the paper mill industry, was cocomposted with broiler litter (BL) to determine the mixture's kinetic parameters as functions of initial C/N ratio and mixing ratio. An equation describing throughput capacity of composting facilities as a function of kinetic parameters was used to optimize mixing ratio (MiR) for maximization of composting short paper fiber. MiR [SPF/(SPF+BL), kg/kg(dry basis)] used were 0.8 to 0.4 in five series of pilot-scale studies. Test conditions were C/N of 15 to 49, pH of 7.0 to 8.0, composting temperature of 60°C, moisture of 50-55% w.b. and remixing 2 times per week. Composting trials lasted 2 weeks. Ammonia loss, O2, CO2, compost temperatures and dry solids loss were measured. Maximum decomposition, based on dry solids loss, occurred in the [C/N] range of 30-38. Maximum decomposition was 0.11 kg.kg−1.day−1 based on the first order kinetic model with β = 0.73 (MiR = 0.75). Evaluated β remained above the ash levels of the mixes for only MiR >...
Diabetes mellitus in rabbits injected with dialuric acid.

SummaryDialuric acid when injected intravenously into rabbits produces diabetes which is indistinguishable clinically or pathologically from alloxan diabetes.
Numerical Simulation of Pulsatile Blood Flow Across a Tilting-Disk Valve

To overcome several clinical challenges involving mechanical heart valves, accurate numerical simulation of blood flow through these devices has been of interest. Since heart disease is the leading cause of death around the world, the hemodynamic study of the heart is of extraordinary interest in the field of bio fluid dynamics. Recent numerical/experimental investigations have shown that mechanical heart valves inherit “production of sufficiently large shear and turbulent stresses to cause clinical problems such as hemolysis.” Due to several parameters including the non-Newtonian behavior of blood, pulsatile waveform, strong blood and tissue interactions, clinical difficulties, etc., experimental examination of blood flow in heart and its valves is a very difficult task. Therefore, comprehensive numerical analysis of this complex fluid-structure system is essential. However, precise experimental investigations are still imperative for developing appropriate and accurate turbulence models and validating numerical techniques. In the current computational effort, a numerical simulation of physiological pulsatile blood flow through 2D and 3D models of a Bjork-Shiley tilting-disk mechanical heart valve in the aortic position is performed to investigate the three-dimensional effects as well as the influences of pulsatile waveform and non-Newtonian viscosity on the overall flow structure.
DNL Contour Area Sensitivity to Fleet-Level Operational Characteristics

Several aviation demand forecasts project increases in operations in the coming decades. As a result, the environmental impacts of aviation operations are likely to increase if proper technology mitigation strategies are not pursued. Several technology programs are supporting the search for technologies such that fuel burn, NOx emissions, and noise do not become serious constraints on aviation growth. Vehicle-level environmental technologies, however, must ultimately be judged at the fleet-level to provide a complete picture of their system-level impact. This evaluation is particularly difficult with respect to noise, as it has spatial and temporal components and is measured in exposure to noise levels above DNL 65 dB. This exposure is evaluated by overlaying constant level noise contours with population information. At the fleet-level the summation of airport-level contour areas can be tracked as a primary metric and serve as a reasonable analog for the population exposed. Noise is typically expensive to compute, and comprehensive sensitivity analyses have not previously been possible. Because the development of rapid automated noise models make use of simplifying assumptions to provide rapid estimates of airport-level noise, these analyses are now possible through the execution of Design of Experiments (DOE). The results of these DOEs can be used to build surrogate models and examine the relative impacts of the important operational variables with respect to noise. Utilizing Generic Vehicle and Generic Airport models to represent the aircraft and airport diversity present in the system, this research will perform a contour sensitivity analysis at different airport types to examine the importance of aircraft types, operations, trip length distribution, and other factors to contour measures. The surrogate models developed were applied to a future scenario analysis simulating technology and market performance factors to identify potential situations that would result in system-level reduction.
Consideration on Cultural Development and Prosperity

Based on the cultural development and prosperity, and establishment of a well-off society and splendid China, t he paper addresses the fundamental contents and coordinates of cultural development and establishment; nation's prosperity and progress is the roadmap of cultural development; cultural establishment and development should include opening-up, assimilating advanced cultural elements and eliminating pernicious influence from"Cultural Revolution"and putting forth some new concepts and ideas. It is stressed that cultural beauty, community beauty and human intelligence and beauty, human industriousness are fundamentals of social progress and splendid China.
Insecticide resistance and nutrition interactively shape life-history parameters in German cockroaches

Fitness-related costs of evolving insecticide resistance have been reported in a number of insect species, but the interplay between evolutionary adaptation to insecticide pressure and variable environmental conditions has received little attention. We provisioned nymphs from three German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations, which differed in insecticide resistance, with either nutritionally rich or poor (diluted) diet throughout their development. One population was an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain; the other two populations originated from a field-collected indoxacarb-resistant population, which upon collection was maintained either with or without further selection with indoxacarb. We then measured development time, survival to the adult stage, adult body size, and results of a challenge with indoxacarb. Our results show that indoxacarb resistance and poor nutritional condition increased development time and lowered adult body size, with reinforcing interactions. We also found lower survival to the adult stage in the indoxacarb-selected population, which was exacerbated by poor nutrition. In addition, nutrition imparted a highly significant effect on indoxacarb susceptibility. This study exemplifies how poor nutritional condition can aggravate the life-history costs of resistance and elevate the detrimental effects of insecticide exposure, demonstrating how environmental conditions and resistance may interactively impact individual fitness and insecticide efficacy.
An Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Model in Consumer Behavior

The purpose of this paper is to present a set of factors that contribute to consumer patronage of a type of supermarket based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process. This model employs pairwise comparisons using the subjective scale developed by Saaty for analyzing hierarchies in general. The AHP is one of several methods which can be used by decision makers to make decisions in a dynamic complex environment. This approach is illustrated in an application to the prediction of consumer behavior in terms of their selection of the type of grocery store in which to shop. (A food store, a multifaceted supermarket, and a convenience mart.)
Microwave plasma-assisted deposition of boron doped single crystal diamond

The homoepitaxial growth of diamond on single crystal substrates is done using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition with a hydrogen-methane plasma. The doping of the deposited diamond with boron makes it a p-type semiconductor and with phosphorus makes it an n-type semiconductor. The doping of diamond is done to make diamond electronic devices. Diamond is of interest for electronics as it has a wide bandgap (5.4 eV), the highest thermal conductivity of all solid materials at room temperature, a high electric field breakdown strength (10 MV/cm), and high hole and electron carrier mobilities.
Postural responses after utilization of a computerized biofeedback based intervention aimed at improving static and dynamic balance in traumatic brain injury: A case study

Balance dysfunction is one of the most disabling aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Without rapid transmission and accurate perception of somatosensory inputs, the automatic postural responses required during standing may be delayed or absent after TBI which can lead to instability. Further, the sensitivity level to which environmental perturbations can be detected is also vital, as the central nervous system will only employ balance control strategies when it perceives a change in equilibrium. Such undetectable perturbations, however small they may be, can result in fatal falls, especially after TBI. In this investigation we used a novel computerized biofeedback based (CBB) intervention aimed at improving perception of external perturbations, and static and dynamic balance in a single male participant with severe TBI. We used an adaptive single interval adjustment matrix (SIAM) protocol to determine the perception of perturbation threshold (PPT) at baseline (1 day pre-intervention) and follow up (1 day post-intervention). External perturbations were provided through sinusoidal translations of 0.5 Hz to the base of support in anterior-posterior direction. Outcome measures included PPT, the Berg balance scale (BBS) and bilateral surface electromyography (EMG) of the lower limbs at baseline and follow up. PPT assessment post intervention showed a decrease in PPT, suggesting an improvement in the ability (gain of 0.42 mm) to detect (even smaller) perturbations which were not perceivable prior to the intervention. There was a significant increase in BBS (6 points) at follow up. The participant demonstrated increased muscle activation for the right gastrocnemius, left soleus, right bicep femoris and left vastus lateralis muscles at follow up. This investigation demonstrate the potential use of the CBB intervention for improving interpretation and organization of multisensory information in a task specific environment to improve balance dysfunction post TBI.