cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tonic activation of GLUK5 kainate receptors decreases neuroblast migration in whole‐mounts of the subventricular zone

In the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ), neuroblasts migrate in chains along the lateral ventricle towards the olfactory bulb. AMPA/kainate receptors as well as metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 5 (mGluR5) are expressed in SVZ cells. However, the cells expressing these receptors and the function of these receptors remain unexplored. We thus examined whether SVZ neuroblasts express mGluR5 and Ca2+-permeable kainate receptors in mouse slices. Doublecortin (DCX)-immunopositive cells (i.e. neuroblasts) immunostained positive for mGluR5 and GLUK5-7-containing kainate receptors. RT-PCR from ∼10 GFP-fluorescent cell aspirates obtained in acute slices from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the DCX promoter showed mGluR5 and GLUK5 receptor mRNA in SVZ neuroblasts. Patch-clamp data suggest that ∼60% of neuroblasts express functional GLUK5-containing receptors. Activation of mGluR5 and GLUK5-containing receptors induced Ca2+ increases in 50% and 60% of SVZ neuroblasts, respectively, while most neuroblasts displayed GABAA-mediated Ca2+ responses. To examine the effects of these receptors on the speed of neuroblast migration, we developed a whole-mount preparation of the entire lateral ventricle from postnatal day (P) 20–25 DCX-GFP mice. The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) antagonist bicuculline increased the speed of neuroblast migration by 27%, as previously reported in acute slices. While the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP did not affect the speed of neuroblast migration, the homomeric and heteromeric GLUK5 receptor antagonists, NS3763 and UB302, respectively, increased the migration speed by 38%. These data show that although both GLUK5 receptor and mGluR5 activations increase Ca2+ in neuroblasts, only GLUK5 receptors tonically reduce the speed of neuroblast migration along the lateral ventricle.
Learning in the Presence of Self-Interested Agents

In many situations a principal gathers a data sample containing positive and negative examples of a concept to induce a classification rule using a machine learning algorithm. Although learning algorithms differ from each other in various aspects, there is one essential issue that is common to all: the assumption that there is no strategic behavior inherent in the sample data generation process. In that respect, we ask the question "what if the observed attributes are being deliberately modified by the acts of some self-interested agents who will gain a preferred classification by engaging in such behavior". Therein such cases, there is a need for anticipating this kind of strategic behavior and incorporating it into the learning process. Classical learning approaches do not consider the existence of such behavior. In this paper we study the need for this kind of a paradigm and outline related research issues.
Light-Stimulated Apical Hook Opening in Wild-Type Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings

Apical hook opening and cotyledon unfolding are characteristic responses that occur during deetiolation of dicotyledonous seedlings. Light-stimulated apical hook opening and cotyledon unfolding in etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings appears to involve the activities of multiple photosensory systems. Red, far-red, and blue light are all effective in stimulating these responses in Arabidopsis. Stimulation of hook opening by red light and low fluence blue light is inductive, far-red reversible, and exhibits reciprocity, as is characteristic of many low fluence-dependent phytochrome-mediated responses. Far-red and high-fluence blue light appear to stimulate hook opening and cotyledon unfolding through high-irradiance-response systems during long-term light treatments. Although a phytochrome high-irradiance-response system presumably mediates the responses in far-red light, the responses to high-fluence blue light may be mediated by a blue light-specific photosensory system.
Finite mixture models for nonidentical multiple tooled manufacturing

This paper presents a novel method to assess nonidentical multiple tooled (NIMT) manufacturing processes (like multiple cavity injection molding) using finite mixture distribution (FMD) models. A stepwise methodology is presented, including supporting mathematics and statistics. The methodology is illustrated and supported by its application to two sets of real multicavity injection molding data. The method is commercially relevant and is significant in that it allows enhanced examination of the fraction of the parts nonconforming or better setting of the specification level. Included are discussions of FMD models versus normal models and novel tail probability comparison methods (ratio of tail probabilities and log PDF comparisons). The methodology is recommended for NIMT processes, and is thought to better address the adequacy evaluation of processes where there are multiple nonidentical distributions mixing in production.
Interactions of Penicillium marneffei with human leukocytes in vitro.

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungal pathogen endemic in southeast Asia, south China, and Hong Kong. Prior to the AIDS epidemic, cases of penicilliosis marneffei were limited to scattered case reports. However, with the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into regions where P. marneffei is endemic, the number of cases of penicilliosis marneffei has increased greatly. For example, over a 7-year period, 1,115 cases of penicilliosis marneffei were seen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients at the Chiang Mai University Hospital in northern Thailand (44). There, penicilliosis marneffei is the third most common opportunistic infection after tuberculosis and cryptococcosis (45). Fever, anemia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and skin lesions are relatively common clinical manifestations, and mortality is substantial if the infection is not treated in a timely fashion (45, 46). As with many other AIDS-related opportunistic infections, even if initial therapy is successful, lifetime prophylaxis of penicilliosis marneffei is required to prevent relapse (46). Infection with P. marneffei is presumed to originate in the lung following the inhalation of airborne conidia. The recognition of laminin by P. marneffei conidia may facilitate attachment to the bronchoalveolar epithelium (12). In susceptible hosts, the fungus undergoes phase transition and reproduces as yeast cells. The histopathology of penicilliosis marneffei is characterized by the intracellular infection of macrophages (9). Yeast cells of P. marneffei measure approximately 2 to 3 by 2 to 7 μm and reproduce inside the macrophage by schizogony (9). In AIDS patients, the fungal burden usually is high, and intracellular P. marneffei organisms are readily seen in infected tissue specimens. In murine models of penicilliosis marneffei, T cells are critical for protection. Athymic mice are hypersusceptible to infection, and partial protection can be adoptively transferred via nylon wool nonadherent splenocytes (21). In immunocompetent mice inoculated intranasally with P. marneffei, an exuberant CD4+ T-cell infiltration into the lungs is observed (22). Presumably then, analogous to many other intracellular infections (23), the activation of macrophages by T cell-derived cytokines is necessary to control penicilliosis marneffei. In the present study, the interactions of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with P. marneffei were examined.
The bacteriophage DNA packaging motor.

An ATP-powered DNA translocation machine encapsidates the viral genome in the large dsDNA bacteriophages. The essential components include the empty shell, prohead, and the packaging enzyme, terminase. During translocation, terminase is docked on the prohead's portal protein. The translocation ATPase and the concatemer-cutting endonuclease reside in terminase. Remarkably, terminases, portal proteins, and shells of tailed bacteriophages and herpes viruses show conserved features. These DNA viruses may have descended from a common ancestor. Terminase's ATPase consists of a classic nucleotide binding fold, most closely resembling that of monomeric helicases. Intriguing models have been proposed for the mechanism of dsDNA translocation, invoking ATP hydrolysis-driven conformational changes of portal or terminase powering DNA motion. Single-molecule studies show that the packaging motor is fast and powerful. Recent advances permit experiments that can critically test the packaging models. The viral genome tran...
Improving Internal Controls Over Inventory With Radio Frequency Identification Technology

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapid growing technology that is transforming the way organizations track inventory and other tangible assets. When a company adopts RFID technology, it attaches tags to inventory items or other assets. These tags can be used to locate these items by using radio signals. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) established three objectives of an effective internal control system. Under COSO, a good internal control system should promote reliable financial reporting, the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, and compliance with laws and regulations. The implementation of RFID technology to track inventory can have a significant impact on accomplishing these objectives. Accountants, auditors and management should be familiar with RFID technology and understand the impact of RFID deployment on a company’s internal control structure. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the basics of RFID technology and examine how RFID technology can improve a company’s internal control over inventory. The advantages and disadvantages of RFID technology will also be summarized.
Development of a Specimen for In-Situ Diffraction Planar Biaxial Experiments

In this paper, the design of cruciform shaped, planar biaxial loading specimens using finite element analysis, mechanical testing, and digital image correlation is discussed. The specimens were designed to be capable of arbitrary combinations of tension and compression loading. Digital image correlation results from uniaxial tension tests of first-generation specimen infer key design attributes of second-generation specimen. Finite element results are compared with a plane stress analytical formulation and differences between the two are attributed to stress concentration fields originating at the intersection of specimen arms. These results motivate a parametric finite element geometry optimization of second-generation specimen.
The Capital Connection: How Relationships Between Founders and Venture Capitalists Affect Innovation in New Ventures

G eneral George F. Doriot, an early venture capitalist, founded American Research and Development Corporation (ARD) in 1946. Doriot, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, was concerned that the business climate around Boston lacked vitality. He wanted ARD to foster new and exciting companies. In 1957, Doriot was contacted by Kenneth Olsen, a young engineer and entrepreneur who wanted to form a company to develop an "interactive computer." Doriot saw potential in Olsen's proposal and persuaded ARD's board to invest $70,000 in his company, which became known as Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Over the next 14 years, Doriot helped build DEC into a giant in the computer industry. He stayed close to Ken Olsen, advising him on a wide variety of matters, and always pushed him to focus on long-term development. The year DEC reported its first profit, General Doriot was initially upset with Olsen because he was concerned that the company had not spent enough on research and development.1
Aggregation of Trp > Glu point mutants of human gamma-D crystallin provides a model for hereditary or UV-induced cataract.

Numerous mutations and covalent modifications of the highly abundant, long-lived crystallins of the eye lens cause their aggregation leading to progressive opacification of the lens, cataract. The nature and biochemical mechanisms of the aggregation process are poorly understood, as neither amyloid nor native-state polymers are commonly found in opaque lenses. The βγ-crystallin fold contains four highly conserved buried tryptophans, which can be oxidized to more hydrophilic products, such as kynurenine, upon UV-B irradiation. We mimicked this class of oxidative damage using Trp→Glu point mutants of human γD-crystallin. Such substitutions may represent a model of UV-induced photodamage-introduction of a charged group into the hydrophobic core generating "denaturation from within." The effects of Trp→Glu substitutions were highly position dependent. While each was destabilizing, only the two located in the bottom of the double Greek key fold-W42E and W130E-yielded robust aggregation of partially unfolded intermediates at 37°C and pH 7. The αB-crystallin chaperone suppressed aggregation of W130E, but not W42E, indicating distinct aggregation pathways from damage in the N-terminal vs C-terminal domain. The W130E aggregates had loosely fibrillar morphology, yet were nonamyloid, noncovalent, showed little surface hydrophobicity, and formed at least 20°C below the melting temperature of the native β-sheets. These features are most consistent with domain-swapped polymerization. Aggregation of partially destabilized crystallins under physiological conditions, as occurs in this class of point mutants, could provide a simple in vitro model system for drug discovery and optimization.
Temperature dependence of the exciton dynamics in DCM2 : Alq 3

We study the temperature dependence of the triplet and singlet exciton dynamics in the archetype small molecule fluorescent guest-host system tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum $({\mathrm{Alq}}_{3})$ doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-julolidyl-9-enyl-4H-pyran (DCM2). We develop a comprehensive model of the exciton dynamics, and use it to fit the transient photoluminescence under different pulsed optical pumping in the temperature range of $80lTl295\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The triplet decay has a significantly different temperature dependence than that of singlets. From 295 to 80 K, the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) rate decreases by two orders of magnitude, whereas the singlet-triplet annihilation rate decreases by $l50%$, primarily a result of the different energy transfer mechanisms of singlets and triplets. The temperature dependence of the TTA rate reveals two regimes separated by a transition at 180 K from Marcus to Miller-Abrahams transfer. This work deepens our understanding of exciton dynamics and energy transfer in small molecule organic materials.
A Management Teacher by Any Other Name

Examines the issues associated with the lack of professional name for academic management teachers. Importance of designated names for teachers; Social significance of a professional name; Implicat...
A case report of the malignant transformation of large congenital melanocytic nevi with lymph mode metastasis

Here is reported a case of the malignant transformation of large congenital melanocytic nevi with lymph mode metastasis. A 14-month-old male infant had large melanocytic nevi on his back at birth. The histopathological study showed the malignant transformation of melanocytic nevi with the lymph node metastasis on the right groin.
Analysis on the effect of community case management of schizophrenia patients

Objective To observe the effect of community case management on social function and life quality of schizophrenia patients. Methods 100 schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into Intervention Group and Control Group. Case management was implemented for Intervention Group while original community follow-up service was maintained for Control Group. Mental symptoms, social function and life quality of the two groups were evaluated before enrollment and by the end of 6th, 9th and 12 th month after enrollment using Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP) and World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHO, QOL-100), respectively. Results The positive symptom score and PANSS score of the two groups by the end of 6th, 9th and 12 th month after enrollment was obviously lower than that before enrollment, and Intervention Group had a more significant decrease. PSP score and QOL-100 score of Intervention Group by the end of 6th, 9th and 12 th month after enrollment was higher than that before enrollment. Conclusion Community case management contributes to improvement of life quality and self-care ability, the reduction of emotional and social function, and the improvement of curative effect of schizophrenia.
The Effects of Other Customers’ Dress Style on Customers’ Approach Behaviors The Moderating Role of Sense of Power

Most hospitality services are delivered in the same location in which they are produced, and, thus, their delivery involves the presence of other customers. Yet, the role of other customers’ physic...
pH-responsive drug release from functionalized electrospun poly(caprolactone) scaffolds under simulated in vivo environment

AbstractThe difference in the tumor environment from the normal healthy tissue can be therapeutically exploited to develop new strategies for controlled and site-specific drug delivery. In the present study, a continuous flow system is designed to represent the in vivo environment of a tumor tissue and drug release is studied at different pH that represents normal tissue pH, tumor tissue pH, and stomach pH. The results obtained from these experiments were translated to a human embryonic kidney cell culture system and the effect of drug released from these functionalized PCL scaffolds on cell viability was studied. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed with the doxorubicin hydrochloride concentration that would be released at acidic pH, either present as a result of tumor extracellular environment or could be achieved via fabrication of a composite scaffold with a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel containing acid. In the end, a study using zebrafish as an animal model is also undertaken in order t...
‘What Terms of Art Can Nature’s Pow’rs Express?’: William Falconer and Labouring-Class Poetry at Sea

One of the more important stylistic shifts distinguishing early eighteenth-century and Romantic representations of nature is the abandonment of neoclassical periphrases and other seemingly artificial techniques for writing about the environment. As the century progresses, writers increasingly demonstrate a growing preference for less portentous, more direct diction in their description. Romantic writers are less likely to make their borrowings from Virgil as explicit as their Augustan forbears did. To understand the difference at its starkest, one need only consider John Clare’s poetry, such as ‘The Progress of Rhyme’, which literally mimics the songs of the birds, next to poems such as Thomson’s Seasons or Pope’s Windsor Forest. Although he read Pope and Thomson closely and admired them deeply, Clare does not participate in the Augustan practice of referring to birds as the ‘feathery tribes’ or to fish as the ‘finny legions’.
Habermas on Communicative Action and Rationality

Habermas’s complex and far-ranging work, Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns (1981, two volumes), addresses four major themes: (i) the theory of rationality; (ii) the theory of communicative action; (iii) the dialectic of social rationalisation; (iv) the critique of functional reason.1 In what follows, I will attempt a summary of the main lines of argument developed for the first three of the above themes. In particular, I will focus on the two themes that are of central importance for Habermas’s attempt to provide a normative foundation for critical social theory: communicative action and rationality. For this purpose, I will draw not only upon Habermas’s magnum opus (volume one published in English translation), but also upon recent (1980–3) articles and interviews which serve to clarify or support important elements in my account.2 After providing an account of this fourth (and latest) stage in the development of Habermas’s communication theory of society, I will raise critical issues concerning the theory as a whole. These issues will be addressed in Chapter 5, where I conclude by discussing Habermas and the prospects of critical theory.
Thyroid Cancer Originating in a Thyroglossal Duct Remnant

In is sometimes difficult to be confident about management decisions in patients with carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant. This is an uncommon event with no large series on patient outcome. The articles that we include in the reference list present a review of the literature related to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant. The purpose of this chapter is to present guidelines for managing patients with thyroid carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant, which is usually a thyroglossal duct cyst.
The Knowledge Bubble — Something Amiss in Expertopia

Contemporary legal thought aims at a variety of different objectives: explanation, understanding, interpretation, edification, elucidation, observation, critique, narrative, norm-selection, norm-justification, political action — any of these and more, including all manner of hybrids. In U.S. law schools (particularly the elite schools) there is now an ascendant genre that might be called “knowledge production.” This genre is intellectually sophisticated, technically rigorous, methodologically scrupulous, and theoretically conversant. Its overt aim is to produce a piece of knowledge that is definitive, enduring, and if at all possible, unassailable. The most notable qualities of this genre are expertise and mastery. This essay sets forth a series of challenges and problems for knowledge production. The idea is that knowledge production efforts must successfully negotiate the challenges and problems described herein to successfully achieve their ambitions — the production of knowledge. Nonetheless, most knowledge production efforts in American legal thought seem to be only dimly aware of these challenges and problems. Instead, these difficulties are typically bypassed in order to get on with the knowledge production enterprise. Somewhat vexingly, however, it is precisely the failure to address and negotiate these difficulties that precludes so much knowledge production in law from actually yielding knowledge in any deep sense of the term. The essay concludes with a description of why and how this matters intellectually, aesthetically, economically, morally, politically, and critically.
Individual planning in open and typed agent systems

Open agent systems are multiagent systems in which one or more agents may leave the system at any time possibly resuming after some interval and in which new agents may also join. Planning in such systems becomes challenging in the absence of inter-agent communication because agents must predict if others have left the system or new agents are now present to decide on possibly choosing a different line of action. In this paper, we prioritize open systems where agents of differing types may leave and possibly reenter but new agents do not join. With the help of a realistic domain - wildfire suppression - we motivate the need for individual planning in open environments and present a first approach for robust decision-theoretic planning in such multiagent systems. Evaluations in domain simulations clearly demonstrate the improved performance compared to previous methods that disregard the openness.
PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN STATIN-TREATED PATIENTS: THE AIM-HIGH (ATHEROTHROMBOSIS INTERVENTION IN METABOLIC SYNDROME WITH LOW HDL/HIGH TRIGLYCERIDES: IMPACT ON GLOBAL HEALTH OUTCOMES) RESIDUAL RISK SCORE

Background: Many atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients on statin therapy, despite well-controlled LDL-C levels, still suffer recurrent ASCVD events. Little information is known about the specific risk factors associated with increased residual risk. Methods: We studied 3,196
Cannabinoid-1 receptor deletion in podocytes mitigates both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy.

Aims To determine the specific role of podocyte-expressed cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), relative to CB1R in other renal cell types. Material and methods We developed a mouse model with a podocyte-specific deletion of CB1R (pCB1Rko) and challenged this model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 DN. We also assessed the podocyte response to high glucose in vitro and its effects on CB1R activation. Results High glucose exposure for 48h led to an increase in CB1R gene expression (CNR1) and endocannabinoid production in cultured human podocytes. This was associated with podocyte injury reflected by decreased podocin and nephrin expression. These changes could be prevented by Cnr1-silencing, thus identifying CB1R as a key player in podocyte injury. After 12 weeks of chronic hyperglycemia, STZ-treated pCB1Rko mice showed similar elevated blood glucose as their wild-type littermates. However, they displayed less albuminuria and less podocyte loss than STZ-treated wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, pCB1Rko mice also have milder tubular dysfunction, fibrosis and reduction of cortical microcirculation compared to wild-type controls, which is partly mediated by podocyte-derived endocannabinoids acting via CB1R on proximal tubular cells. Conclusions Activation of CB1R in podocytes contributes to both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in type-1 DN, which highlights the therapeutic potential of peripheral CB1R blockade.
Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India

(1995). Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 163-174.
Neural Text Generation in Stories Using Entity Representations as Context

We introduce an approach to neural text generation that explicitly represents entities mentioned in the text. Entity representations are vectors that are updated as the text proceeds; they are designed specifically for narrative text like fiction or news stories. Our experiments demonstrate that modeling entities offers a benefit in two automatic evaluations: mention generation (in which a model chooses which entity to mention next and which words to use in the mention) and selection between a correct next sentence and a distractor from later in the same story. We also conduct a human evaluation on automatically generated text in story contexts; this study supports our emphasis on entities and suggests directions for further research.
Stratification of soil chemical and microbial properties under no-till after liming

Abstract Soils under continuous no-till (NT) often produce stratified soil acidification due to fertilizer placement and subsequent lack of mixing. Because aluminum (Al) becomes more bioavailable with lower soil pH, Al toxicity is an emerging problem in many soils throughout the Palouse region in the dryland cropping areas of the inland Pacific Northwest of the United States. When various lime materials are surface applied to NT soils, the depth to which these materials may impact soil pH, available Al, and microbial community response has not been explored in the fine-silty soils of this arid region. The objectives of the current study were to: (1) determine if soil sampling at small, discrete depth increments captures stratification of chemical and microbial properties in NT soils and (2) evaluate the impacts of two types of surface-broadcast lime on Al availability and microbial community composition at each depth interval. In April 2014 and 2015 (6 mo and 18 mo after liming), soil samples were collected at 2-cm depth increments and analyzed for soil pH and metals bioavailability, as well as microbial community composition using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In 2015, surface soil (0–2 cm) pH increased from 4.6 in untreated control to 6.6 in limed plots, and KCl-extractable Al decreased from approximately 50 mg kg−1 to below 10 mg kg−1 in the 2–4 cm depth of soil. The surface soil microbial community composition changed significantly in response to lime application, and was highly correlated with soil pH and Al concentrations. No significant effects of treatment were detected when data were pooled across the 10 cm depth. The 2-cm sampling increments provided statistically significant resolution in soil chemical stratification and related shifts in microbial community composition, revealing different effects at different depths. We are able to conclude from this study that (1) A finely resolved, spatially explicit sampling design is necessary to capture soil chemical stratification complexity within a variety of variables, and microbial community response over time; and (2) Surface application of lime in Palouse NT systems will take >18 mo to be effective at depths below 6 cm.
On the peripheral spectrum of order continuous, positive operators

Let E be an order complete Banach function lattice and T a positive, eventually compact, order continuous operator on E. We study necessary conditions under which the peripheral spectrum of T is fully cyclic in terms of certain bands of the underlying Banach function lattice E. A set of sufficient conditions is also given. Examples are presented to demonstrate our methods.
El monólogo dramático: entre la lírica y la ficción

Given its qualities as a hyhrid genre, the dramatie monologue forces one to rethink the problematic of subjectivity in lyric poems, and offers the possibility of analyzing the lyric from narratological perspectives. Moreover, it leads to a consideration of the differing degrees of dramatic realization in lyric texts, and reopens the question of the limits between literary genres. This article highlights some of the constitutive aspects of this literary artifice, in order to stimulate the interest of Spanish criticism in this poetic form.
TRACKS OF ARGON IONS IN ILFORD K-SERIES NUCLEAR EMULSIONS

ABSTRACT A stack of 1′ × 3′ Ilford K-series plates (100 microns) were exposed to a beam of Argon ions at 450 MeV/nuc (of range 4.5 cm in emulsion) in Jan 1977, and were developed with a Bristol wet hot-stage amidol developer using the normal Berkeley schedule. The series of plates included K.5, K.2, K.O, K-1, K-1.5, K-2, K-2.5, and K-3 emulsions, all of which are manufactured from a parent K.O material, with additions of inorganic sensitizer (to a maximum sensitivity in K.5) and inorganic desensitizer (to a minimum sensitivity in K-3). Activation analysis (A. Chamboudet) indicates about 20 ppm of Au in K.5. We do not know the desensitizer, but the photographic literature suggests the use of rhodium in similar concentrations as a desensitizer. Tracks in these materials have been photographed. The characteristic parameters of the emulsion (hittedness and radiosensitivity) have been determined by preparing track simulations on the computer. We display both photographs and simulations, and discuss some aspects of the results. Levels of dopant undetectable of wet chemistry, or by fluorescence X-ray analysis result in a remarkable range of track appearances, varying from a “thick hairy rope” in K.5, seen over the full range of the particle, to a short string of beads visible only in the ending 200 microns in K-3 pellicules. Hittedness varies from 1, in K.5 and K.O, to 5-hit for K-3. These striking changes in response are an impressive demonstration that one cannot simply attribute detector response to sensitive element size alone, as in some radiobiological models, and that LET (stopping power) is not good “quantum number”. There are important unsolved problems in solid state physics, and in photographic chemistry, for we do not understan how these minute levels of dopant, bring about the large changes in track appearance we observe under otherwise identical conditions.
Adam Smith Was Consistent in Both the Theory of Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations on the Role of the Concept of Self Interest: Das Utilitarian Economist View Is the Problem

Adam Smith was very consistent in both the Wealth of Nations and in The Theory of Moral Sentiments concerning the role of self interest in both books. Like all advocates of virtue ethics, the first virtue to be mastered had to be the Virtue of Prudence, which required that the necessary condition of being able to take care of one’s self and family first, one’s self interest, had to be met first before any other virtue could be satisfactorily mastered and applied. Smith assumed that readers of the Wealth of Nations had previously read his The Theory of Moral Sentiments first, so that they understood that the butcher, brewer, and baker all had to succeed financially first before they could consider the interests of others second. Only after a clear and large surplus had been built up by the butcher, brewer, and baker from their small businesses would it be possible to meet the interests of others through benevolence. There is simply no contradiction or inconsistency between Smith’s position, made all through the The Theory of Moral Sentiments, that prudence is the most important virtue and that all other virtues come second or after prudence (self interest). Smith though it obvious that we get our dinner from the prudent behavior (own interest or self love) of the butcher, brewer, and baker and not from the virtue of Benevolence because Benevolence can only be practiced if the butcher, brewer, and baker has been successful in his business in amassing a surplus. The butcher, brewer, and baker can’t practice Benevolence if they are suffering losses or merely breaking even. It is the Utilitarian economists of the 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries who created the myth that Smith had been inconsistent and/or had made contradictions in the two books, because these utilitarian economists rejected Virtue ethics and sought to place Bentham’s conflicting definition of self(ish) interests in place of Smith’s self interests in the Wealth of Nations. This was accomplished by the deliberate misinterpretation of the butcher, brewer, and baker quotation to support their claim that Smith had created an Invisible Hand of the Market force, to replace Hobbes’s government force, as the force that was the social institution that regulated the conflicting self(ish) interests of all citizens in the pursuit of the virtue of justice, so as to prevent the war of all against all. Utilitarian economists claimed that Smith’s Invisible Hand of the Market was a natural force, whose results were due to completely voluntary exchange actions, whereas government force was unnatural and involuntary. Smith’s mythical Invisible Hand of the Market became the natural reconciler of all conflicting self(ish) interests. Thus, there was really no need for government at all.
From Wafer Processing To Advanced Packaging: Broadening The Applications For Tsv’S Beyond The High End

Electronics packaging technology has been in a period of rapid technology advancement for a number of years, as the package takes on a larger role in improving the cost and performance of systems, such as laptops, tablets and smart phones. This trend will only increase with the introduction of 5G networks, the rising electronics content of automobiles, and the general proliferation of connected systems.The challenges for packaging include handling a greater density of interconnections, connecting multiple chips in the same package and managing greater heat loads by mitigating the stresses they create. The higher frequencies associated with 5G will require new structures and fabrication techniques to minimize signal delays and losses, especially between chips within a package.The smaller interconnect features and tighter specifications blur the boundary between wafer processing and packaging: many of the processes that were historically part of the fab line are finding their way into the packaging process. However, the materials, structures and specifications are very different, and this presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The players who find creative applications for wafer fabrication processes will differentiate themselves from the competition and win market share.We will focus here on a selection of new features for Cu plating in advanced packaging, and which pose special challenges to the process. Some of them, such as embedded conductor for RDL and large via fill plus pad, require a variation of the preferential “bottom up” Cu deposition used in damascene and TSV (Through Silicon Via) processes. We will discuss how the plating chemistry and process is adapted to create these new features in an advanced packaging process flow.
Does soccer headgear reduce the incidence of sport-related concussion? A cluster, randomised controlled trial of adolescent athletes

Background There have been no large randomised controlled trials to determine whether soccer headgear reduces the incidence or severity of sport-related concussion (SRC) in US high school athletes. Objective We aimed to determine whether headgear reduces the incidence or severity (days out from soccer) of SRCs in soccer players. Methods 2766 participants (67% female, age 15.6±1.2) (who undertook 3050 participant years) participated in this cluster randomised trial. Athletes in the headgear (HG) group wore headgear during the season, while those in the no headgear (NoHG) group did not. Staff recorded SRC and non-SRC injuries and soccer exposures. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine time-to-SRC between groups, while severity was compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results 130 participants (5.3% female, 2.2% male) sustained an SRC. The incidence of SRC was not different between the HG and NoHG groups for males (HR: 2.00 (0.63–6.43) p=0.242) and females (HR: 0.86 (0.54–1.36) p=0.520). Days lost from SRC were not different (p=0.583) between the HG group (13.5 (11.0–018.8) days) and the NoHG group (13.0 (9.0–18.8) days). Conclusions Soccer headgear did not reduce the incidence or severity of SRC in high school soccer players. Trial registration number NCT02850926.
Right Ventriculocutaneous Fistula Treated With Radiofrequency Ablation.

Cardiocutaneous fistula is a very rare complication with unclear management strategies [(1)][1]. Herein, we present a case of recalcitrant right ventricular (RV) fistula that was successfully treated with endocardial radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The patient had severe mitral valve regurgitation
A game-theoretic approach to modeling attacks and defenses of smart grids at three levels

Abstract As optimization, user capabilities, and data-taking abilities are incorporated into next-generation power grids, or smart grids, they face cyber threats. The traditional electrical grid could only be damaged by physical attacks; however, the smart grid can suffer remote/cyber attacks, which have not been studied extensively in the literature. The electrical grid forms the backbone of the modern society and its security has significant implications in military settings. This paper applies game theory to model three-levels (power plants, transmission, and distribution networks) of defenses and attacks in smart grid network security. We characterize both the attacker and the defender (who interact at three network levels: distribution, transmission, and power plants) best responses and equilibrium strategies. We find that the defender’s best response is not only a function of direct attacks but also of the spread from connected networks. Sensitivity analyses of the equilibrium strategies show that when success probability of an attack against power plants reaches a threshold, the defender increases defending efforts for power plants. In contrast, the attack effort at all levels is not affected by this probability. This paper provides some novel insights to modeling and analyzing the emerging threats to the growing smart grid networks.
Surgical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that vary in their clinical presentation, behavior and prognosis. The most common site of metastasis is the liver. Surgical resection of neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) is thought to afford the best long-term outcomes when feasible. Initial preoperative workup should include surveillance for carcinoid syndrome, screening for evidence of liver insufficiency, and performance of imaging specific to neuroendocrine tumors such as a somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography scan. Standard surgical principles apply to hepatic surgery for NELM, namely prioritizing low central venous pressure anesthesia, minimizing blood loss, knowledge of liver anatomy, generous use of intraoperative ultrasound, as well as safe parenchymal transection techniques and practices to avoid bile leakage. Knowledge of established prognostic factors may assist with patient selection, which is important for optimizing short- and long-term outcomes of hepatic resection. Adjunct therapies such as concomitant liver ablation are used frequently and are generally safe when used appropriately. For patients with synchronous resectable NELM, resection of the primary either in a staged or combined fashion is recommended. Primary tumor resection in the setting of unresectable metastatic disease is more controversial, however generally recommended if morbidity is acceptable. For patients who are not surgical candidates, due to either patient performance status or burden of liver disease, several liver-directed therapies such as transarterial embolization, chemoembolization, and radioembolization are available to assist with locoregional control, extend progression-free survival (PFS), and improve symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Multiple systemic therapy options exist for patients with metastatic PNET which are often prioritized for those patients with advanced or progressive disease. A systematic approach in a multi-disciplinary setting is likely to result in the best long-term outcomes for patients with pancreatic NELM. Ongoing research is needed to determine the optimal patient selection for hepatic surgery as well as the ideal treatment sequencing for those patients with NELM.
Varying fish scale derived hydroxyapatite bound hybrid peptide nanofiber scaffolds for potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration

New peptide based hybrid scaffolds were prepared by blending two different fish scale derived hydroxyapatite with functionalized peptide nanofibers for potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration. The nanofibers were prepared by self-assembly of the newly designed peptide bolaamphiphile Bis (N-α-amido-glutamic acid) 1,7 heptane tetracarboxylate and functionalized with a segment of the tyrosine rich amylogenin peptide sequence MPLPPHPGHPGYINF followed by polygalacturnonic acid and hydroxyapatite derived from salmon or red-snapper fish scales. The binding interactions of the components of the scaffold was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy as well as SEM imaging. Hybrids scaffolds with salmon scale derived HaP showed higher mechanical strength and Young's Modulus compared to snapper scale derived scaffolds. Our results indicated that while both the scaffolds supported cell proliferation and efficiently formed cell-scaffold matrices with gingival fibroblasts, we observed greater alignment of the cells in the case of scaffolds that contained snapper scale derived hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, higher differentiation ability into osteoblast like cells was seen in the case of the snapper scale derived HaP based scaffolds. Our studies indicate that the hybrid peptide nanofiber scaffold matrices, particularly those prepared using snapper scales may have significant utility in the development of biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration.
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRESENTING AS BIDIRECTIONAL VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rare arrythmia that can occur in states of intracellular calcium overload, most commonly with digoxin toxicity, but also can be seen in catecholaminergic polymorphic VT. A 38-year-old female presented with headache, abdominal pain, chest pain, and
Sleep Quality as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Cyber Victimization and Depression.

PURPOSE Cyber victimization is a national mental health concern, especially among adolescents who are digital natives. The current study examined sleep quality as a mediator of the association between cyber victimization and depressive symptoms among adolescents. DESIGN AND METHOD A prospective study design was utilized with a community sample of adolescents (N = 801; 57% female; mean age = 14.45, SD = .85) from the eastern United States. Participants completed (a) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; (b) the Cyber Victimization Scale; and (c) the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised via online surveys at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The inter-relationship between variables was analyzed by Hayes' mediation approach. FINDINGS Cyber victimization was not directly associated with having depressive symptoms 6 months later when controlling for adolescents' poor sleep quality, sex, and age (direct effect [c'] = .012, t(676) = 1.12, p < .05, confidence interval [CI] -.008, .036). The mediation analysis indicated a significant indirect effect of poor sleep quality on the relationship between cyber victimization and depressive symptoms (ab = .005, bootstrapped standard error [SE] = .003, bootstrapped CI .001, .011; a is the effect of cyber victimization on poor sleep quality; b is the effect of poor sleep quality on depressive symptoms). Specifically, adolescents' cyber victimization led to poor sleep quality (a = .039, SE = .041, p < .05), which also led to increased depressive symptoms (b = .116, SE = .019, p < .001), after controlling for depressive symptoms at baseline, sex, and age. The indirect effect of cyber victimization on depressive symptoms was estimated through poor sleep quality (a*b = .039(.116) = .0045). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that poor sleep quality may be a mechanism through which cyber bullying is related prospectively to depressive symptoms. Interventions for cyber-victimized adolescents should include assessment of sleep quality and incorporate sleep hygiene education. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adolescents should be screened for cyber victimization and sleep quality. Moreover, promotion of sleep hygiene among cyber-victimized adolescents may help to reduce depression.