cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do computer science students know what they know?: a calibration study of data structure knowledge

This paper describes an empirical study that investigates the knowledge that Computer Science students have about the extent of their own previous learning. The study compares self-generated estimates of performance with actual performance on a data structures quiz taken by undergraduate students in courses requiring data structures as a pre-requisite. The study is contextualized and grounded within a research paradigm in Psychology called calibration of knowledge that suggests that self-knowledge across a range of disciplines is highly unreliable. Such self-knowledge is important because of its role in meta-cognition, particularly in cognitive self-regulation and monitoring. It is also important because of the credence that faculty give to student self-reports. Our results indicate that Computer Science student self-estimates correlate moderately with their performance on a quiz, more so for estimates provided after they have taken the quiz than before. The pedagogical implications are that students should be provided with regular opportunities for empirical validation of their knowledge as well as being taught the metacognitive skills of regular self-testing in order to overcome validation bias.
Soil gases associated with rift zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, U.S.A.

Soil gases have been measured, utilizing petroleum nearsurface exploration techniques, in the volcanic province of the Eastern Snake River Plain, In Idaho, U.S.A. The analyses of the soil atmosphere included light hydrocarbon gases, helium, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Samples were collected in and near recent basaltic rift zones. Characterization of rift zone soil gases has indicated variability of their compositional and magnitude makeup. Suggestion of some deeper sourced gases having migrated through fractures in the rift zones is advanced. Also differences among the samples rift zones are presented.
Faces and Phases of Transparency Reform in Local Government

Abstract The authors draw on public and official perceptions to discuss the discontinuities between various interpretations of transparency in local government jurisdictions. The article seeks to establish a theoretical understanding of transparency in public administration literature. Transparency in the formative years of a nation is not necessarily the same idea as transparency in a globalizing information age. Likewise, the meaning of transparency in least developed countries is changing with their acquisition of sophisticated information technologies and pressures to reduce corruption. Scholarship on transparency needs to recognize the different changes in meaning ascribed to this very important administrative principle. Evidently, universal lessons might be brought to bear to help develop a coherent theoretical basis on stages and interpretations of transparency reforms in local governments.
Bird Use of Restoration and Reference Marshes Within the Barn Island Wildlife Management Area, Stonington, Connecticut, USA

/ Tidal marshes have been actively restored in Connecticut for nearly 20 years, but evaluations of these projects are typically based solely on observations of vegetation change. A formerly impounded valley marsh at the Barn Island Wildlife Management Area is a notable exception; previous research at this site has also included assessments of primary productivity, macroinvertebrates, and use by fishes. To determine the effects of marsh restoration on higher trophic levels, we monitored bird use at five sites within the Barn Island complex, including both restoration and reference marshes. Use by summer bird populations within fixed plots was monitored over two years at all sites. Our principal focus was Impoundment One, a previously impounded valley marsh reopened to full tidal exchange in 1982. This restoration site supported a greater abundance of wetland birds than our other sites, indicating that it is at least equivalent to reference marshes within the same system for this ecological function. Moreover, the species richness of birds and their frequency of occurrence at Impoundment One was greater than at 11 other estuarine marshes in southeastern Connecticut surveyed in a related investigation. A second marsh, under restoration for approximately ten years, appears to be developing in a similar fashion. These results complement previous studies on vegetation, macroinvertebrates, and fish use in this system to show that, over time, the reintroduction of tidal flooding can effectively restore important ecological functions to previously impounded tidal marshes.KEY WORDS: Estuarine; Tidal marsh; Wetland birds; Restoration
A Keynesian Defense of the Reagan Deficit: The Real Issue Is How Big Should Federal Budgets Be and How Should They Be Met

. Agreement is general that the U.S. budget deficit of the Reagan administrations is a national disaster. The supply side and laffer curve economics of Mr. Reagan and his advisers have proved totally fallacious. Draconian monetary policy Curbed the inflation. But most of the negative charges against the deficit have also proved wrong. The U.S. is not a ‘debtor country.’ The purchasing power pumped into the economy may have mitigated the crisis in major U.S. industries. The real issue in the budget deficit debate is how big a share in the economy should the Federal Government have and should it be financed by taxation or borrowing.
Rapid intramolecular rearrangements in pentacoordinate transition metal compounds. II. Intramolecular and intermolecular exchange in some rhodium(I) complexes

Earlier’ we have described a series of pentacoordinate Iri complexes of the type, RIr(COD)P, , (R = H, CH,; COD = 1,Scyclooctadiene; P = tertiary phosphine) in which rapid intramolecular rearrangement is found to occur. In order to obtain a more secure assignment of the ground state geometry for such complexes and to clarify the mechanism for the exchange (ina L = phosphine or arsine; see Table 1) were prepared by reacting [Rh(diene)Cl] z with methyl lithium in toluene in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of L. The reactions were initiated at -78’ under an atmosphere of nitrogen and the yellow crystalline compounds isolated at O”. The proton NMR spectra of these complexes (CHaCla as solvent) were measured from -9S” to +50° (Table 1). Above +35” several complexes showed irreversible changes in the NMR spectrum indicating chemical reaction to be occurrinm. The low temperature limiting spectra show the rhodium bound methyl as a triplet of doublets in the phosphine complexes (I-III, V, VI) indicating coupling of the methyl to resRh and equal coupling to two 31P nuclei. In addition, in the PMe,Ph and AsMe,Ph complexes (I, IV, V, VII) two diastereotopic methyl resonances are observed. Further, the low temperature liniming spectra of all complexes show two separate vinylic resonances for the diene ligandm, but, significantly, only one reasonably
Splenomegaly and Splenic Sequestration in an Adult With Sickle Cell Anemia

ABSTRACT: Splenomegaly in adult patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia (HbSS) is uncommon and splenic sequestration crises are rare. This paper describes a patient with HbSS who, at the age of 24, began to experience acute splenic sequestration crises. These episodes occurred with sufficient frequency and severity to warrant splenectomy. This case is presented to emphasize that, although rare, splenomegaly can persist in adults with homozygous HbSS and can be associated with severe and even life-threatening splenic sequestration. The incidence of splenomegaly in adults with HbSS and the factors linked to it will be discussed and the published reports of splenic sequestration crises in this patient population reviewed. It appears that high hemoglobin F (HbF) levels and α-thalassemia may be important etiologic factors in causing persistence of splenomegaly and predisposing patients to splenic sequestration crises.
Coping with an insecure employment environment: The differing roles of protean and boundaryless career orientations

Abstract In this paper, we utilize a sample of working adults ( N = 362) in the context of the recent economic recession to explore the coping mechanisms associated with different career attitudes and their subsequent impact on important individual work outcomes. Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that boundaryless mindset and self-directed protean career attitudes were differentially correlated with external support seeking, active coping, and identity awareness, which in turn were differentially correlated with individual work outcomes of job search behavior, performance, career success, and psychological well-being. Evidence for both full and partial mediation within the model tested is presented, as well as the potential implications of these findings and suggested avenues for future research.
Dedicated, automatic gas chromatograph for monitoring sulphur gases

Abstract The development of an automatic gas chromatograph dedicated to the analysis of sulphur compounds from flue gases is described. It uses a special gas-separating column with a sulphur-specific flame-photometric detectro. A microcomputer controls all value functions (sample and calibration gas injections), temperature and pressure settins, data gathering and processing, numerical calculations of concentrations and report print-out. Analysis of compounds such as hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl sulphide, sulphide dioxide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide in concentrations of up to 100 ppm is accomplished in repeat cycles of about 10 min. Higher concentration ranges can be measured by reducing the sample volume.
Bone tolerance to poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). A self-locking implant.

Abstract A methacrylic hydrogel with the properties of variable flexibility and swelling to a predictable volume in a fluid medium has been tested in rabbits. As an implant it is capable of locking itself in bone through swelling as it absorbs fluid. The hydrogel is well tolerated by the tissues and over a 5-month period in this experiment produced no observable bone necrosis or significant inflammation in adjacent fibrous tissue. The potential of this material as an implant in orthopedic surgery is discussed.
Effect of Magnesium on Horizontal Cell Activity in the Skate Retina

Magnesium, like light, hyperpolarizes retinal horizontal cells. In the dark, horizontal cells seem to be depolarized by neurotransmitter released continuously from photoreceptors.
Discussion of ''The persistence of earnings and cash flows and the role of special items: Implications for the accrual anomaly''

Dechow and Ge (2006, Review of Accounting Studies, 11) add new descriptive evidence to the literature on earnings behavior and investor reaction to earnings. Specifically, they find that low accrual firms with negative special items have higher returns on assets and higher market returns in future years. Their paper raises interesting questions about conservative accounting and about the effect of special items on the future performance of distressed firms. However, because the authors position their paper as an investigation of the accruals anomaly they don’t explore many of the issues they raise, and so miss an opportunity to make a more substantive contribution to our understanding of the behavior of and reaction to accounting information.
Rayleigh-Ritz/boundary element modeling approach for active/passive control

In this paper, a novel hybrid Rayleigh-Ritz/Boundary Element (RR/BE) solution method is proposed to model acoustic domains with flexible walls with piezoelectric patches. The RR approach is a simple, computationally inexpensive approach when compared to the finite element method for flexible walls with surface mounted piezoelectric patches. The RR method is then combined with the boundary element model of the interior acoustic domain and the coupled fluid-structure model is used for designing an active noise control system. This model also allows a designer to incorporate a passive absorber at the fluid-structure interface. The predicted sound pressure attenuation for three different thicknesses of passive absorber in the frequency range of 200 to 1200 Hz is calculated and an optimal thickness value of for the absorber for the smart panel is calculated. The attenuation in sound pressure levels due to an active control system in the presence of passive absorber is also computed. The system matrices resulting from this method are very smaller in size when compared to the FE models, which makes this approach most suitable for optimization studies. This new approach can be further extended to model the more complicated acoustic enclosures with complex interface.
Hiring Policy in United States Spanish Departments

The present study focuses on two inter-related factors specific to United States college and university Spanish Departments: the unique demographic profile of the entry-level faculty in terms of gender, ethnicity, national origin, and social class; the relation between these factors and hiring practices, especially regarding field of specialization, pay scale, and tenure-track opportunities. We believe these issues are important in that they underscore the value of considering questions of social class as well as ethnicity and gender when analyzing academic job segmentation.
γ-Glutamyltransferase activity in atypical acinar cell nodules of rat pancreas

Abstract The biochemical and histochemical measurement of the enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was undertaken in normal rat pancreas and in rat pancreas containing azaserine-induced preneoplastic nodules. A steady decrease in pancreatic GGT activity was observed in the normal animals as they aged from 5 to 34 weeks. The azaserine-induced nodules contained a lower average GGT activity than the control pancreas although a 10-fold variation was noted in the GGT activity of individual nodules. A significant increase in concentrations of both reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione was noted in pancreatic nodules from azaserine-treated rats compared to concentrations found in both control pancreas from untreated rats and internodular pancreas from azaserine-treated rats. A pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma contained low GGT activity-similar to that found in large nodules and about 10% of the level found in control pancreas. Pancreatic GGT levels were higher in 5- and 7-week-old rats fed chow than in rats fed a purified diet, but this effect of chow was not observed at 34 weeks of age. Feeding a purified diet supplemented with a retinoid, N -2-hydroxyethylretinamide (2-HER), for a period of 2 weeks did not influence the GGT activity level in either normal pancreas or in the azaserine-induced nodules. While decreased GGT activity does not serve as a marker for all atypical acinar cell nodules, deficient activity with concomitant increased glutathione levels appears to correlate generally with increased growth potential.
Spatial and temporal variation in the natal otolith chemistry of a Hawaiian reef fish: prospects for measuring population connectivity

One of the most compelling unanswered questions in marine ecology is the extent to which local populations are connected via larval exchange. Recent work has suggested that variation in the chemist...
Impact of the Introduction of Generic Latanoprost on Glaucoma Medication Adherence

Purpose To assess possible changes in medication adherence to prostaglandin analog (PGA) regimens among patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) after the initial introduction of generic PGAs. Design Longitudinal cohort analysis. Participants Patients older than 40 years with OAG continuously enrolled in a nationwide managed-care network during 2009–2012 who used PGAs. Methods Mean adherence rates were calculated for topical PGA use during the 18 months before the introduction of generic latanoprost (September 2009–February 2011) and the 18 months after generic latanoprost became available (July 2011–December 2012). The rates were compared between persons who continued to use brand-name PGAs once generic latanoprost became available and others who switched to generic latanoprost. Multivariable logistic regression identified variables associated with an improvement or worsening of adherence of ≥25%. Main Outcome Measures Mean adherence rates and odds of 25% or more improved or worsened adherence (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]). Results A total of 8427 patients met the study eligibility criteria. Compared with persons switching to generic latanoprost, patients who continued taking brand name PGAs were 28% less likely to have improved adherence (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55–0.94) and 39% more likely to have reduced adherence (OR, 1.39; 1.04–1.86) of ≥25%. Improved adherence after the generic drug's introduction was also associated with higher monthly medication copay in the pregeneric period ( P = 0.02), lower copay after introduction of the generic drug ( P Conclusions Given that cost can significantly deter adherence, switching patients to generic medications may help improve patients' drug-regimen adherence. A considerable number of patients discontinued glaucoma drug use altogether when generic latanoprost became available. Ophthalmologists should work with insurers and pharmacists to prevent such discontinuation of use as generic forms of other PGA agents become available.
Acute changes in cochlear potentials due to cisplatin

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the hair cells and stria vascularis are affected at the onset of cisplatin ototoxicity. The effects on the endocochlear potential (EP) and the cochlear microphonics (CM) were observed simultaneously in two groups of adult chinchillas receiving as follows: (1) 5 microl of cisplatin (1 mg/ml) in normal saline, and (2) 5 microl of normal saline on the round window. The EP and the CM were recorded for 12-14 h after cisplatin application, and morphological changes were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Both the EP and the CM amplitude demonstrated a profound reduction, and a very strong correlation was observed between these two values during this time period. Although the reduction of the EP and the CM was observed by 12-14 h, only very slight degeneration of outer hair cells was seen at that time. These data suggested that a reduction of the EP which was caused by the alteration of the stria vascularis might be primarily responsible for very early changes in cochlear function after topical cisplatin application, while later changes were the direct result of hair cell damage.
Passive precharge and rippled power logic (PPRPL)

A low-power, high-speed logic style using Passive Precharge and Rippled Power (PPRPL) is proposed. Ultra-low threshold voltage (Vt) devices permit high speed operation, while the heavy leakage current pre-charges dynamic nodes. High Vt devices prevent leakage through the logic. The high Vt devices provide power to evaluate a sequence of logic gates and are activated in series for periods of time which are short relative to the clock period. The power effectively ripples through the logic path. These innovations combine to produce low power circuits that maintain very high speeds. A 16 bit by 16 bit multiplier was simulated in HSPICE using this logic style. We achieved a clock rate of 1 GHz with a latency of 1.3 ns. At that clock frequency the power dissipation is 10.9 mW.
Operational competitive requirements for the twenty‐first century

To stay competitive in future global markets, manufacturers must face the challenge to sustain superior performance in three important aspects of operational capability ‐ flexibility, speed, and the ability to serve the customer. These capabilities are achieved by the manufacturer’s ability to excel in product development, production operations, customer order processing and delivery, and the development of supply networks. The specific requirements for each of these systems are described. Examples of techniques that will be beneficial in achieving excellence in each of these critical areas of operations are given.
Generalized model for a force-sensing grip on a peg

Force sensing is an alternate to expensive vision systems for precision positioning of a manipulator. In some operations, such as peg-in-hole assembly and precision welding, the position of the end-effector of a manipulator is to be determined to an accuracy greater than that of the manipulator itself. This involves sensing and correcting the position of the manipulator in order to affect the manufacturing operation. A friction point configuration of a gripper has been selected. The effects of a non-coaxial disturbing force on this grip will be presented. A method of ascertaining the positional error (x, y and @q) between the peg and the hole based on the sensing at the gripping points will be described. The model is based on a rectangular peg and is extended to pegs of various cross sections.
On the expressive power of variable-confined logics

In this paper we study the comparative expressive power of variable-confined logics, that is, logics with a fixed finite number of variables. This is motivated by the fact that the number of variables is considered a logical resource in descriptive complexity theory. We consider the expressive power of the logics FO/sup k/ (first-order logic with k variables), LFP/sup k/ (LFP with k variables, appropriately defined), and /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin/w//sup k/ (infinitary logic with k variables) over classes of finite structures. While the definitions of FO/sup k/ and /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin/w//sup k/ are quite clear, it turns out that ramifying LFP is a more delicate matter. We define LFP/sup k/ in terms of systems of least fixpoints, i.e., instead of taking the least fixpoint of a single positive first-order formula, we consider simultaneous least fixpoints of a vector of positive first-order formulas. As evidence that LFP/sup k/, k/spl ges/1, is the right ramification of LFP we offer two main results. The first is a new proof of a theorem by A. Dawar et al. (1995) to the effect that equivalence classes of finite structures with respect to the logic /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin/w//sup k/ are expressible in FO/sup k/. The second result, novel and technically difficult, is a characterization for each k/spl ges/1 of the collapse of /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin/w//sup k/ to FO/sup k/ in terms of boundedness of LFP/sup k/. More precisely, we establish the following stronger version of McColm's second conjecture: /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin/w//sup k/=FO/sup k/ on a class C of finite structures if and only if LFP/sup k/ is uniformly bounded on C.
Limitations of the magamp regulator and an improved magamp choke design procedure

Some inherent limitations of the magamp regulator are examined, and their effect on square-loop choke design is explained. One effect is that the commonly used area product design and method may not produce a core which will regulate properly. A core design procedure that includes these factors and utilizes the core volume as well as the area product for optimizing core size and core loss is developed. The impact of choke parameters on loop performance is demonstrated. >
Differential mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue

Are the different fatty acids mobilized into plasma in proportion to their concentrations in adipose tissue triglyceride? To answer this question, we fed weaning rabbits a special diet to label the fat stores with a variety of dietary fatty acids. The release of adipose tissue fatty acids into the plasma was then induced by ACTH-stimulated lipolysis. The compositions of the resulting plasma free fatty acids and of the adipose tissue triglyceride were then compared. Plasma free fatty acids increased from 625 mumol/L at baseline to 2938 mumol/L after ACTH and represented fatty acids released from adipose tissue. The relative mobilization of these fatty acids from adipose tissue was defined as the ratio between their percentage in the plasma free fatty acid fraction to their percentage in adipose tissue triglyceride. For the 24 fatty acids examined, the relative mobilization ranged from 0.11 for 22:1 n-11 to 5.06 for 20:5 n-3, a 46-fold difference. Relative mobilization correlated positively with unsaturation and negatively with chain length. The relative mobilization for essential fatty acids was in the order of 20:5 n-3 > 20:4 n-6 > 18:3 n-3 > 22:6 n-3 > 18:2 n-6. Saturated fatty acids, along with oleic acid, were much less well mobilized than the entire group of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our data indicate that the mobilization of fatty acids into plasma was not proportional to their content in adipose tissue, but rather was influenced by their molecular structure. Eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5 n-3 (EPA), and arachidonic acid 20:4 n-6, precursors of two different prostaglandins, were the fatty acids with the highest mobilization into the plasma.
Yeltsin, Putin, and Clinton: Presidential Leadership and Russian Democratization in Comparative Perspective

Immediately after coming to power, the Clinton administration declared the consolidation of market and democratic institutions in Russia to be a vital American interest. The administration's central tactic for promoting this outcome was to help Boris Yeltsin remain in power. In a major assault on Clinton's historical legacy, much of the scholarly community maintains that U.S. policy was fundamentally flawed, both morally and strategically. In the view of these analysts, post-Soviet Russia's founding president was an autocratic leader who derailed the country's progress toward democracy. However, this body of research focuses exclusively on the Russian Federation and fails to utilize comparative referents. In contrast, we analyze the experiences of the full population of post-communist states of Eastern Europe and Eurasia from 1991 to the present. Whether examined in cross-national or longitudinal perspective, we find that Russian democracy under Yeltsin was, relatively speaking, a success. We conclude that the Clinton administration's policy of support for Yeltsin both served various American foreign policy interests and strengthened the prospects for democratic consolidation in Russia, thereby fulfilling the dictates of both real- and idealpolitik. In addition, the relative success of Russia's democratization in the 1990s, the reversal of that pattern in this decade, and the magnitude of the transformation of the polity under Putin all demonstrate the pivotal role played by presidential leadership in Russia's transition.
Tillage Effects on Soil Quality Indicators and Nematode Abundance in Loessial Soil under Long‐Term No‐Till Production

Abstract: Soil quality indicators and nematode abundance were characterized in a loessial soil under long‐term conservation tillage to evaluate the effects of no‐till, double‐disk, chisel, and moldboard plow treatments. Indicators included soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM), and total particulate organic matter (tPOM). Nematode abundance was positively correlated with EC, silt content, and total POM and negatively correlated with clay content. Clay content was the main source of variation among soil quality indicators and was negatively correlated with nematode abundance and most indicators. The gain in SOM in the no‐till system amounted to 10887 kg over the 24 years or 454 kg ha−1 year−1, about half of this difference (45%) resulting from soil erosion in plowed soils. The balance of gain in SOM with no till (249 kg ha−1 year−1) was due to SOM sequestration with no till. No‐till management reduced soil erosion, increased SOM, and enhanced soil physical characteristics.
Feedback analysis of calcium homeostasis and parturient paresis

In the technological and engineering sciences feedback control methods have been studied and applied extensively to man-made systems. Recently, there has been an increasing interest as to the applicability of feedback and control theory to the life sciences. In a previous paper (H. El-Samad et al., "Calcium homeostasis: a feedback control point of view," Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference, Chicago, Il, June 2000), the applicability of control theory to the analysis of calcium homeostasis was investigated. A mathematical model for this homeostatic mechanism was derived. Here, the authors provide an overview of this model, and then use it to study a pathological condition of the calcium regulatory mechanism in dairy cows. The clinical condition studied is referred to as parturient paresis (milk fever) and is the result of severe hypocalcemia at the time of parturition. The authors show that their mathematical feedback model for calcium homeostasis exhibits dynamic behavior that can correspond to milk fever. They then present a rigorous mathematical result that guarantees the presence of milk fever-like dynamics for a range of model parameters.
Continuing Case Against Inter-Period Tax Allocation

The annual and industry-based behavior of deferred tax balances is analyzed and the accounting theory and procedures required by the FASB are examined in the context of the unit problem. The unit problem involves the selection of the appropriate perspective (either individual or aggregate) for applying measurement and recognition conventions to phenomena of interest. From an individual event perspective, the FASB's conclusions regarding liability recognition are inconsistent with the definition of liabilities found in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6. In addition, the use of inconsistent perspectives by S109 creates disagreements with the FASB’s position, where both the individual and aggregate perspectives are used simultaneously as the basis of the FASB's decisions. The impact of eliminating deferred taxes and adjusting the liability and stockholders equity balances on the debt-to-equity (DTE) ratio is computed for each year and 20 industries in the COMPUSTAT database (1997 – 2006). The change results in significant decreases in DTE each year and in all industries.
Grammar of the Edit

Introduction Chapter 1 Editing Basics A Little Editing History What Factors May Impact Your Editing Choices? The Basic Editing Transitions Stages of the Editing Process Review Chapter 2 Understanding the Footage Basic Shot Types Shot Descriptions Increasing Shot Complexity Simple Shots Complex Shots Developing Shots Reviewing the Footage-Selecting the Best Shots What Could Make or Break a Shot? Focus Audio Quality Exposure and Color Temperature Framing and Composition Screen Direction 180 Degree Rule/Axis of Action 30 Degree Rule Matching Angles Matching Eye-Line Continuity of Action Continuity of Dialogue Performance Be Familiar with All the Footage So How Does All of This Help You? Review Chapter 3 When to Cut and Why? What Factors Help Make a Transition a Good Edit? Information Motivation Shot Composition Camera Angle Continuity Sound Is there a Right or Wrong Reason for a Cut? Review Chapter 4 Transitions and Edit Categories The Cut The Dissolve The Wipe The Fade The Five Major Categories of Edit Types Will I Be Quizzed on Any of This? Review Chapter 5 General Practices for Editors Sound and Vision are Partners and Not Rivals A New Shot Should Contain New Information There Should Be a Reason for Every Edit Observe the Action Line Select the Appropriate Form of Edit The Better the Edit, the Less It Is Noticed Editing is Creating Review Chapter 6 Working Practices Working Practices Review Chapter 7 The Final Cut: Additional Editing Topics You are Bound to Encounter Additional Editing Terms Making Your Way into the World of Editing Digital Workflow The Role of an Assistant Editor In Conclusion Review Glossary Index
Simulating biotech manufacturing operations: issues and complexities

The Biotech industry is still an emerging application area for simulation techniques. This paper describes the hierarchical discrete event simulation efforts at Bayer Corporation's Berkeley facility that manufactures second-generation recombinant DNA technology based drug, Kogenate-FS(R). The facility consists of multiple manufacturing areas housing state-of-the-art biotech processes. The main simulation issues included discretization of continuous activities, building appropriate level of detail in the models and conceptualizing biotech operations for simulation. Complexities arose from spread of manufacturing operations, sharing of common utilities, limited life-span of product and materials in-between stages coupled with limited storage capacities, regulatory constraints, industry-specific quality requirements and varying shift schedules, production capacities and batch sizes across stages. Even though the simulation efforts are not complete, the simulation models developed so far have saved Bayer substantial amount of money and have offered forward visibility for various strategic decisions over the last two years.
Octreotide: an antidote for sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

Abstract Study Objectives: Sulfonylurea agents are widely used as therapy for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In overdose, these agents can produce sustained and profound hypoglycemia that is refractory to treatment with dextrose alone. Our objective was to determine whether treatment with octreotide decreases glucose requirements and the number of hypoglycemic episodes in patients with sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients treated with octreotide for sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia from 1995 through 1998. The study took place in a large urban teaching hospital in the United States. We measured the number of episodes of hypoglycemia reported and the amount of dextrose used before and after treatment with octreotide. Using a failure time analysis, we compared the risk of hypoglycemia before and after octreotide administration. Results: The age range of the 9 patients was 20 to 65 years. Six patients ingested glyburide and 3 ingested glipizide. The number of hypoglycemic events recorded per patient before octreotide (mean 3.2) was greater than the number of hypoglycemic events recorded per patient after octreotide (mean 0.2, P =.008). Similarly, the number of ampules of 50% dextrose administered per patient before octreotide (mean 2.9) was greater than the number of ampules administered per patient after octreotide (0.2, P =.004). The risk of recurrent hypoglycemia before octreotide treatment was 27 times the risk of the group after octreotide treatment ( P Conclusion: Octreotide appears to be safe and effective in preventing rebound hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea ingestion. Octreotide in combination with dextrose should be considered for first-line therapy in the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. [McLaughlin SA, Crandall CS, McKinney PE. Octreotide: an antidote for sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. Ann Emerg Med. August 2000;36:133-138.]
Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression

Past research on peer victimization has focused on maltreatment through overtly aggressive behaviors. Although a relational form of aggression has been identified in recent research, studies of the victims of relational aggression have not yet been conducted. The present research was designed as a first attempt to address this issue. Four goals were pursued (n = 474; third- through sixth-grade children): (a) development of a self-report measure of victimization through relational and overt aggression; (b) assessment of the relation between overt victimization and relational victimization; (c) assessment of gender, grade, and sociometric status group differences in victimization; and (d) evaluation of the relation between victimization and social-psychological adjustment. Results showed that the newly developed victimization measure had favorable psychometric properties and that most of the identified victims were the targets of cither relational or overt aggression, but not both. Further, rejected children were more relationally and overtly victimized than their better accepted peers, and boys were more overtly victimized than girls. Finally, relational victimization, overt victimization, and the lack of prosocial treatment by peers were all significantly related to social-psychological adjustment difficulties (e.g., depression, loneliness).
The Economic Thought of Jonathan Edwards

On 16 March 1742, Jonathan Edwards's church in Northampton adopted a new covenant of faith. Written in the heat of the Great Awakening, the document began, predictably, by acknowledging “the blessed manifestations and fruits of [God's] gracious presence in this town” during the recent spiritual revivals. It then plunged into more worldly matters. It called on every church member to deal honestly and justly in secular business: they were not “in any matter” to “overreach or defraud” their “neighbor…and either willfully or through want of care, injure him in any of his honest possessions or rights.” The oath became more explicit. Debtors were to pay their creditors, so to avoid “willfully or negligently” wronging others. Indeed, debtors promised to forego “rest till … that restitution, or …that satisfaction” were effected. Likewise, creditors pledged to eschew “wordly gain, or honor, or interest…or getting the better” of their “competitors” as the “governing aim” of their business. Those who managed public affairs also were to forsake competitiveness. They agreed to relinquish their private interests for the sake of equity, especially “concerning any outward possessions, privileges, rights or properties.” Although the covenant dealt with other matters, it sustained its striking focus on commerce. Even as it neared its conclusion, it used economic metaphor to urge piety, presenting life as capital “to be laboriously spent in the business of religion: ever making it our greatest business.”
Ruling by Favors: Prison Guards' Informal Exercise of Institutional Control

This ethnographic research addresses the control strategies employed by Norwegian guards in everyday interactions with inmates under institutional conditions in which the use of official negative sanctions is restricted. The article explains how a complicated informal system of favors develops that forms a new basis for punishment through the withdrawal of rewards. By distributing favors liberally, giving an inmate only what he is entitled to serves as a substitute for negative sanctions. Inmates are not opposing the informal system, and its effect on ensuring institutional control does not challenge the intentions of formal prison rules. Still, the informal system must be monitored and protected against overuse by inmates and must also be kept hidden from the officials making up the prison administration who oppose all departures from the official rules.
Chaos and Turbulence in an Electron-Hole Plasma in Germanium

In this experiment we study the spatio-temporal behavior of an electron-hole (e-h) plasma. The plasma is produced by injecting both electrons and holes into a rod-shaped crystal of germanium at liquid nitrogen temperatures as shown in Fig. 1. The crystal is placed in a magnetic field parallel to its axis, and an adjustable electric field is also applied along the length of the sample. The plasma can absorb energy from the applied fields and, beyond some threshold (typically a few volts/cm at a few kilogauss), an unstable travelling helical density wave develops within the plasma, as shown in the Appendix, Fig. A-1. Several nonlinearly coupled modes can be excited within the boundaries of the crystal.
Cooperation without deliberation: a minimal behavior-based approach to multi-robot teams

While terminology and some concepts of behavior-based robotics have become widespread, the central ideas are often lost as researchers try to scale behavior to higher levels of complexity. “Hybrid systems” with model-based strategies that plan in terms of behaviors rather than simple actions have become common for higher-level behavior. We claim that a strict behavior-based approach can scale to higher levels of complexity than many robotics researchers assume, and that the resulting systems are in many cases more efficient and robust than those that rely on “classical AI” deliberative approaches. Our focus is on systems of cooperative autonomous robots in dynamic environments. We will discuss both claims that deliberation and explicit communication are necessary to cooperation and systems that cooperate only through environmental interaction. In this context we introduce three design principles for complex cooperative behavior—minimalism, statelessness and tolerance—and present a RoboCup soccer system that matches the sophistication of many deliberative soccer systems while exceeding their robustness, through the use of strict behavior-based techniques with no explicit communication.
Analysis of Autocorrelation in House Prices

This paper examines spatial autocorrelation in transaction prices of single-family properties in Dallas, Texas. The empirical analysis is conducted using a semi-log hedonic house price equation and a spherical autocorrelation function with data for over 5,000 transactions of homes sold between 1991:4 and 1993:1. Properties are geocoded and assigned to separate housing submarkets within metropolitan Dallas. Hedonic and spherical autocorrelation parameters are estimated separately for each submarket using estimated generalized least squares (EGLS). We find strong evidence of spatial autocorrelation in transaction prices within submarkets. Results for spatially autocorrelated residuals are mixed. In four of eight submarkets, there is evidence of spatial autocorrelation in the hedonic residuals for single-family properties located within a 1200 meter radius. In two submarkets, the hedonic residuals are spatially autocorrelated in the remaining two submarkets. Finally, we compare OLS and kriged EGLS predicted values for properties sold during 1993:1. Kriged EGLS predictions are more accurate than OLS in six of eight submarkets while OLS has smaller prediction errors in submarkets where the residuals are spatially uncorrelated and the estimated semivariogram has a large variance.
Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation of the Phase-Hop Condition in Transformers: The Largest Inrush Currents

Inrush currents in transformers can have very disruptive effects, such as voltage sags, false tripping of the protective devices, and mechanical stresses in the transformer windings. This paper shows that there are operating situations that may cause a transformer to draw abnormally high inrush currents. Examples include the normal operation of offline uninterruptible power-supply (UPS) systems, interruptions, voltage sags, and notching. These conditions may produce inrush-like currents of more than twice the value of the “normal” maximum inrush caused by energizing at voltage zero-crossing. For this condition, the term “phase-hop” is used in this paper. Laboratory experiments were performed on four different transformers (1 kVA) with varied characteristics and show the impact of phase-hop in the magnitude of inrush currents. The experiments are also used to validate the Electromagnetic Transients Program model used for the analysis of multiple cases. In addition, the behavior of the magnetic flux in a transformer under phase-hop is investigated and compared with different operating conditions using finite elements. The results of this paper have implications in transformer design and in the operation and design of UPS systems to prevent the damaging effects of phase-hop.
Inhibition of endotoxin fever by reserpine.

SummaryReserpine in dosage sufficient to lower brain stem 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine suppresses endotoxin fever in rabbits. Pretreatment of rabbits with agents depleting only brain stem norepinephrine but not 5-hydroxytryptamine does not suppress febrile responses to endotoxin. An unexpected finding was the depletion of norepinephrine from the brain stem by guanethidine.
Translating ‘montage’: The discreet attractions of Soviet montage for Chinese revolutionary cinema

ABSTRACTWhat happens when a film term such as ‘montage’ undergoes translation? This article looks at the theoretical permutations of ‘montage’ as it was translated and introduced into China beginning in the early 1930s and the resulting film practices as the term continued to be reread, redefined and reinvented during the communist era. As a result of the attraction to the revolutionary allure of Soviet montage in the 1930s, a mysterious aura was attached to the Chinese transliteration mengtaiqi, which literally means ‘veil (is) too strange’. In a period of intense engagement with international film theory during the ‘seventeen years’ (1949–1966), Chinese filmmakers demystified the inscrutability of montage in an effort to broaden its scope to refer to all film editing methods, including Hollywood continuity editing and Soviet montage. Through close reading of selected films, I look at how montage was creatively reinvented to construct a collectivized subject cinematically.
The Action of Sulfanilamide upon Hemolytic Streptococci Lancefield Groups A and D in Growth-Promoting and Nongrowth-Promoting Mediums

cerned with the mechanism responsible for the therapeutic action of these drugs; that is, whether they act directly as bacteriostatic, bactericidal or antitoxic agents upon susceptible microorganisms and their products, or whether they act upon the host by increasing its natural or immune defense factors. At the present time, it seems fairly well established that-contrary to the original belief of Domagk-sulfanilamide and its derivatives act primarily upon the microorganisms and their products. The second problem, concerned with the mode of action of these chemotherapeutic substances, is the analysis of the mechanisms of such phenomena as bacteriostasis or antitoxic action. Evidence available at the present time seems to indicate that sulfanilamide produces bacteriostasis by interfering with the assimilation of nutrient material, possibly due to competition with bacterial enzyme systems associated with essential metabolites. Numerous experimental observations have been reported indicating that both in vivo and in vitro sulfanilamide and its derivatives may cause loss of viability of susceptible microorganisms. Little information, however, is available as to whether or not the death of the organisms is due to a true and direct bactericidal action of the drugs or whether it is merely the result of their bacteriostatic activity. In the latter case the loss of viability of the microorganisms represents the death of bacterial cells which
Design of Power Communication Anti-Accident Maneuver System Based on Alarm Deduction

In order to improve the effect of the power communication anti-accident maneuver, and to enhance the quick judgement and accurate fault removal ability of operation and maintenance personnels, this paper studies the correlation of faults and alarms and implements a power communication anti-accident maneuver system based on alarm deduction using a combinatory of the idea of forward and backward reasoning and the root alarm analysis technology and the business impact analysis technology. The system can not only improve the pertinence of anti- accident maneuver, but also enhance work efficiency of operation and maintenance personnels.
A test of the trait-interpersonal model of suicide proneness in emerging adults

Abstract The present study tests the trait-interpersonal model of suicide, an approach integrating both the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality and Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). Survey data in an emerging adult sample ( n = 572) yielded the following prominent predictors of elevated suicide proneness: (1) neuroticism (positively) and openness (positively) predicted suicide proneness (accounting for the IPTS and trait-interpersonal pathways), (2) neuroticism-perceived burdensomeness/thwarted belonging/acquired capability mediation pathways were observed, (3) an extraversion-thwarted belonging pathway emerged, (4) an openness-acquired capability emerged, (5) agreeableness-perceived burdensomeness/thwarted belonging/acquired capability pathways emerged, and (6) conscientiousness-thwarted belonging/perceived burdensomeness pathways were observed. Findings are discussed with regard to trait-interpersonal literature, and public health and clinical suicide prevention strategies.