cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Time Series Approach To Numerical Differentiation

The problem of obtaining the derivative of a set of data arises naturally in many fields. The usual methods for obtaining derivatives are based on abstract formulations of the problem, which do not take errors of observation explicitly into account. For this reason, their performarice when applied to observational data is unpredictable. By introducing random errors into the model, one may derive methods whose performance may be stated in statistical terms. The theory of time series analysis provides useful tools for discussing such a model. A parametric family of models is introduced, and estimation of the parameters is discussed.
Structural consequences of an amino acid deletion in the B1 domain of protein G.

We describe the NMR structure of a deletion mutant of the B1 IgG-binding domain from Group G Streptococcus. The deletion occurs within the last β-strand of the protein, where it may potentially have a deleterious effect on the stability of the protein if the protein were not able to conformationally adjust to the perturbation. In particular, the deletion changes the registry of the final three residues in the sheet, forcing a polar Thr to be buried in the interior of the protein and exposing a hydrophobic Val to solvent. The deletion could also potentially create a large cavity in the β-sheet and force the α- and γ-carboxylates of the C-terminal Glu residue into a partially buried region of the sheet. The structure of the mutant illustrates how the conformation of the protein adjusts to the deletion, thereby mitigating some of the potentially deleterious consequences. Although the elements of secondary structure are retained between the mutant and the wt domain, there are multiple small adjustments in the segments connecting secondary structure elements. In particular, a hydrogen bond between the Glu57 carboxylates and two main chain amides is introduced that alters the conformation in the loop connecting the helix to strand 3. In addition, to minimize hydrophobic surface exposure, the turn connecting strands 1 and 2 folds toward the core so that the molecular volume is decreased. Proteins 2000;41:323–333. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Smallest maximally nonhamiltonian graphs

A graphG ismaximally nonhamiltonian iffG is not hamiltonian butG + e is hamiltonian for each edgee inGc, i.e., any two non-adjacent vertices ofG are ends of a hamiltonian path. Bollobas posed the problem of finding the least number of edges,f(n), possible in a maximally nonhamiltonian graph of ordern. Results of Bondy show thatf(n) ≤3/2n forn ≤ 7. We exhibit graphs of even ordern ≥ 36 for which the bound is attained. These graphs are the “snarks”,Jk, of Isaacs and mild variations of them. For oddn ≥ 55 we construct graphs from the graphsJk showing that in this case,f(n) = 3n + 1/2 or 3n + 3/2 and leave the determination of which is correct as an open problem. Finally we note that the graphsJk, k ≤ 7 are hypohamiltonian cubics with girth 6.
Myosin XIK of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates at the root hair tip and is required for fast root hair growth

Myosin motor proteins are thought to carry out important functions in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity by moving cellular components such as organelles, vesicles, or protein complexes along the actin cytoskeleton. In Arabidopsis thaliana, disruption of the myosin XIK gene leads to reduced elongation of the highly polar root hairs, suggesting that the encoded motor protein is involved in this cell growth. Detailed live-cell observations in this study revealed that xik root hairs elongated more slowly and stopped growth sooner than those in wild type. Overall cellular organization including the actin cytoskeleton appeared normal, but actin filament dynamics were reduced in the mutant. Accumulation of RabA4b-containing vesicles, on the other hand, was not significantly different from wild type. A functional YFP-XIK fusion protein that could complement the mutant phenotype accumulated at the tip of growing root hairs in an actin-dependent manner. The distribution of YFP-XIK at the tip, however, did not match that of the ER or several tip-enriched markers including CFP-RabA4b. We conclude that the myosin XIK is required for normal actin dynamics and plays a role in the subapical region of growing root hairs to facilitate optimal growth.
GALLEX, a Measurement of Heterologous Association of Transmembrane Helices in a Biological Membrane

Whereas a variety of two-hybrid systems are available to measure the interaction of soluble proteins, related methods are significantly less developed for the measurement of membrane protein interactions. Here we present a two-hybrid system to follow the heterodimerization of membrane proteins in the Escherichia coli inner membrane. The method is based on the repression of a reporter gene activity by two LexA DNA binding domains with different DNA binding specificities. When coupled to transmembrane domains, heterodimeric association is reported by repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis. The LexA-transmembrane chimeric proteins were found to correctly insert into the membrane, and reproducible signals were obtained measuring the homodimerization as well as heterodimerization of wild-type and mutant glycophorin A transmembrane helices. The GALLEX data were compared with data recently gained by other methods and discussed in the general context of heteroassociation of single TM helices. Additionally, the formation of heterodimers between the TM domains of the alpha(4) and the beta(7) integrin subunits were tested. The results show that both homo- and heterodimerization of membrane proteins can be measured accurately using the GALLEX system.
Bivalirudin for Carotid Artery Stenting: A New Approach on the HORIZON(s)?

In the past decade, carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been carefully studied as a treatment for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. In the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Trial (CREST) trial, it was shown that the composite outcome of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction is similar for CAS versus carotid endarterectomy when performed by experienced operators.1 During this time period, significant advances have been made with regards to patient selection and procedural techniques.2 In addition, there have been improvements in embolic protection and stent technology. With these advancements, CAS outcomes have continued to improve with a low rate of periprocedural adverse events observed in numerous single-center and multicenter studies.3–5 Article see p 131 In comparison with recent advances in CAS technology, intraprocedural anticoagulation during CAS has been relatively understudied. The initial randomized studies of CAS, including Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High-Risk for Endarterectomy, Endarterectomy versus Angioplasty in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis (EVA-3S), Stent-Supported Percutaneous Angioplasty of the Carotid Artery versus Endarterectomy (SPACE), and the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS). all used heparin for adjunctive pharmacotherapy.6–9 In the CREST trial, patients randomized to CAS could be treated with either heparin (86%) or bivalirudin (14%).1 Most of the current evidence for CAS is, therefore, based on using heparin as the intraprocedural anticoagulant. The current societal guidelines for CAS do not make a specific recommendation regarding periprocedural anticoagulation but state that either heparin or bivalirudin may be used.10 A direct thrombin inhibitor, such as bivalirudin, could have significant advantages as an anticoagulant during CAS. Bivalirudin can be administered as weight-based infusion with minimal intraprocedural monitoring and predictable pharmacokinetics. In comparison, heparin has variable between-person pharmacokinetics, and the correct dose of heparin for the goal level of …
Pediatric First Ray Deformities

Pediatric first ray deformities may present in many ways similar to those effecting adults. However, these patients are not adults. Management of the patient and the deformity necessitates special consideration of timing, the patient's general health, techniques, and perhaps goals. Any simple broad brush approach to the care of these patients will certainly result in both undertreatment and overtreatment. The proper care of these patients is an ongoing process of appropriate management tailored to the patient's needs, deformities, and developmental age. Proper adherence to these recommendations can improve the patient's quality of life.
Knee flexor function 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autografts.

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the knee flexor function of 20 patients at 25.8 ± 5 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with use of a semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) autograft. Methods: Clinical examinations included instrumented isometric testing, conventional and prone isokinetic testing, hop testing, knee arthrometry, modified visual analog scale leg sensation evaluation, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee and Current Health Evaluations. Paired t tests were used to evaluate side-to-side differences, and multiple regression analysis related these findings to knee function ( P Results: Involved side active knee flexion was decreased by 8.2° ± 5°. Involved side isokinetic knee flexor work was decreased by 76.7 ± 118 J at 60°/sec during conventional testing and was decreased by 94.4 ± 107 J and 86.3 ± 115 J at 60°/sec and 180°/sec, respectively, during prone testing. Isometric testing at 90° and 120° flexion in internal and neutral tibial rotation, respectively, revealed decreased involved side knee flexor torque ≥ 13.2 ± 12 Nm. Sensation scores revealed a mean 24% difference from the uninvolved side (range, 0% to 80%). Multiple regression revealed that instrumented isometric testing at 90° knee flexion with neutral tibial rotation and the role physical score predicted 62% ( R 2 = .62) of involved side forward hop capability ( P R 2 = .69) of involved side lateral hop capability ( P R 2 = .80) of involved side medial hop capability ( P Conclusions: Two years after surgery, functionally significant knee flexor strength deficits remain. Prone isokinetic knee flexor work at 60°/sec, isometric knee flexor torque at 90° flexion–neutral tibial rotation, and sensation score were related to patient function 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an STG autograft. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Fall Protection Training: Needs Analysis for Small Residential Roofing Subcontractors:

Falls remain the leading cause of injuries and fatalities in residential construction. Because of job-specific work conditions and environmental constraints, the various construction trades (e.g., roofing, siding, or framing) employ different safety standards and fall-protection training practices. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the specific training needs and training preferences of small roofing subcontractors. A total of 20 roofing subcontractors participated in this study. A mixed methods approach, incorporating a survey and semi-structured interviews, was utilized. Results from this study revealed that an individual's job title (i.e., his or her role on the jobsite) and the employer's existing training methods were accurate predictors of the employee's preferred training methods. This study also suggests the need for improved fall hazard awareness among roofing workers via training. Context-relevant methods and workers' preferred physical forms in receiving training were identified and found to be most effective for safety training and learning in the workplace. Language: en
Immigration control, post-Fordism, and less eligibility: A materialist critique of the criminalization of immigration across Europe

The apparent de-bordering of the western world under the impulse of economic globalization has been paralleled by a simultaneous process of re-bordering of late-capitalist societies against global ...
Examining the Relationship Between Religiosity and Self-Control as Predictors of Prison Deviance

The relationship between religiosity and crime has been the subject of much empirical debate and testing over the past 40 years. Some investigators have argued that observed relationships between religion and crime may be spurious because of self-control, arousal, or social control factors. The present study offers the first investigation of religiosity, self-control, and deviant behavior in the prison context. We use survey data from a sample of 208 recently paroled male inmates to test the impact of religiosity and self-control on prison deviance. The results indicate that two of the three measures of religiosity may be spurious predictors of prison deviance after accounting for self-control. Participation in religious services is the only measure of religiosity to significantly reduce the incidence of prison deviance when controlling for demographic factors, criminal history, and self-control. We conclude with implications for future studies of religiosity, self-control, and deviance in the prison context.
Examining Barriers and Practices to Recruitment and Retention in Stroke Clinical Trials

Background and Purpose—The National Institutes of Health policy calls for the inclusion of under-represented groups, such as women and minorities, in clinical research. Poor minority recruitment and retention in stroke clinical trials remain a significant challenge limiting safety and efficacy in a general population. Previous research examines participant barriers to clinical trial involvement, but little is known about the investigator perspective. This study addresses this gap and examines researcher-reported barriers and best practices of minority involvement in stroke clinical trials. Methods—Quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, focus groups, and key informant interviews were used. Results—In a survey of 93 prominent stroke researchers, 43 (51.2%; 70% response rate) respondents reported proactively setting recruitment goals for minority inclusion, 29 respondents (36.3%) reported requiring cultural competency staff training, and 44 respondents (51.2%) reported using community consu...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter Source and Concentration on Denitrification in Northern Florida Rivers

Using a natural gradient of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) source and concentration in rivers of northern Florida, we investigated how terrestrially-derived DOC affects denitrification rates in river sediments. Specifically, we examined if the higher concentrations of DOC in blackwater rivers stimulate denitrification, or whether such terrestrially-derived DOC supports lower denitrification rates because (1) it is less labile than DOC from aquatic primary production; whether (2) terrestrial DOC directly inhibits denitrification via biochemical mechanisms; and/or whether (3) terrestrial DOC indirectly inhibits denitrification via reduced light availability to—and thus DOC exudation by—aquatic primary producers. We differentiated among these mechanisms using laboratory denitrification assays that subjected river sediments to factorial amendments of NO3− and dextrose, humic acid dosing, and cross-incubations of sediments and water from different river sources. DOC from terrestrial sources neither depressed nor stimulated denitrification rates, indicating low lability of this DOC but no direct inhibition; humic acid additions similarly did not affect denitrification rates. However, responses to addition of labile C increased with long-term average DOC concentration, which supports the hypothesis that terrestrial DOC indirectly inhibits denitrification via decreased autochthonous production. Observed and future changes in DOC concentration may therefore reduce the ability of inland waterways to remove reactive nitrogen.
Earthquakes in Owens Valley, California, January-February, 1959

In January, 1959, two series of small earthquakes originated in southern Owens Valley. The first and largest of these, of magnitude 4.7, originated on January 5, 12:36:02.9 GCT, near 36° 09′ N, 118° 03′ W, near Haiwee. This and other shocks of the series were well recorded by standard and strong-motion instruments at Haiwee, showing the characteristic false S - P of about one second. The timing is good, and demonstrates that no change of supposed epicenter, depth, or velocities can reasonably account for the second phase as S. Other shocks were located at 36° 07′ N, 118° 03′ W, which probably represents the terminus of faulting in the first shocks. A shock of magnitude 3.2 occurred on January 7, at 00:20:40.2 GCT near 35° 46′ N, 117° 35′ W, near China Lake. This was followed by numerous others from the same source, mostly showing a false S, and recorded by the Benioff instrument at China Lake down to very small magnitudes. However, shocks of this group of magnitude 0.7-0.8 were more numerous than those of magnitudes 0.0-0.6. Initial compressions and dilatations in both groups of shocks were consistent, especially at the nearer stations, but lead to no simple fault-plane solutions.
Measurement of simple resonant equivalent circuits for microstrip antennas

This paper presents a procedure which can be used to model the input admittance of a probe-fed microstrip antenna using simple circuit components. The values of the components are extracted from experimental data and represent the antenna about any resonant mode. A good circuit description of the antenna can greatly facilitate system analysis.
Identity-by-descent filtering as a tool for the identification of disease alleles in exome sequence data from distant relatives

Large-scale, deep resequencing may be the next logical step in the genetic investigation of common complex diseases. Because each individual is likely to carry many thousands of variants, the identification of causal alleles requires an efficient strategy to reduce the number of candidate variants. Under many genetic models, causal alleles can be expected to reside within identity-by-descent (IBD) regions shared by affected relatives. In distant relatives, IBD regions constitute a small portion of the genome and can thus greatly reduce the search space for causal alleles. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is unknown. We test the simulated mini-exome data set in extended pedigrees provided by Genetic Analysis Workshop 17. At the fourth- and fifth-degree level of relatedness, case-case pairs shared between 1% and 9% of the genome identical by descent. As expected, no genes were shared identical by descent by all case subjects, but 43 genes were shared by many case subjects across at least 50 replicates. We filtered variants in these genes based on population frequency, function, informativeness, and evidence of association using the family-based association test. This analysis highlighted five genes previously implicated in triglyceride, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism. Comparison with the list of true risk alleles revealed that strict IBD filtering followed by association testing of the rarest alleles was the most sensitive strategy. IBD filtering may be a useful strategy for narrowing down the list of candidate variants in exome data, but the optimal degree of relatedness of affected pairs will depend on the genetic architecture of the disease under study.
No Magic Tricks: Commodity, Empowerment, and the Sale of StreetWise in Chicago

Use-value and exchange-value are pragmatic features of commodity exchange which are apparent from the careful study of specific interactions, as well as from the viewpoint of economic processes at large. While Marx's well-known attempt to describe this pair of concepts in Capital (2001) takes the latter tack, I attempt here to take the former—i.e., to approach the composition of the commodity from the point of view of the pragmatics of interaction. In doing so, I offer a semiotic model of the valuation of commodities which differs from accounts given by Kockelman (2006) and Agha (2011). The ethnographic object at stake in this essay is StreetWise, a Chicago street newspaper said to have “empowering” effects on its vendors.
Month of Seeding Effect on Low-Input Establishment of Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses in Continental Transition Zone

This research was conducted to determine the degree of success, by month, in seeding establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) at two locations in the moist, Midwest, continental transition zone on a prepared seed bed without irrigation or cover. The four species were planted every month of the year starting in September 2005. Starter fertilizer and siduron were applied the same day as seeding with no subsequent management except mowing. Percent cover of living turfgrass was recorded in each of 24 months after seeding. Tall fescue (80%) and Bermudagrass (73%) provided the best percent cover over all planting dates. Kentucky bluegrass provided 65% and zoysiagrass 24% cover. The cool-season grasses performed best in the July-to-March plantings; tall fescue 88% and Kentucky bluegrass 72%. Bermudagrass (94%) established best in the January-to-April plantings, while Zoysiagrass (32%) established best in the November-to-March plantings. Germination and seedling survival after germination of all species were inhibited by limited moisture during summer. The warm-season grasses were further limited by winter kill in the August, September, and October seedings. These results emphasize the risk in spring-seeding as well as the value in dormant-seeding of both warm- and cool-season turfgrasses for low-input, nonirrigated establishment.
All-optical pulse regeneration in an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer with Faraday mirror polarization stabilization

We demonstrate the folded ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (FUNI) as a 3R all-optical regenerator. Faraday rotation provides inherent polarization stabilization, and the optical fiber nonlinear medium provides ultrafast operation and switching window tunability. We demonstrate 3R regeneration of 10‐Gbit/s data with 5-pJ pulse switching energy and 4-ps timing-jitter tolerance.
Late-life Schizophrenia: Editor's Introduction

Until recently, most of the research on schizophrenia has focused on young adults. With increasing longevity, the number of older schizophrenia patients in the population is expected to grow. Late-life schizophrenia patients fall into two groups: those who developed schizophrenia for the first time in later adulthood (lateonset schizophrenia) and those who developed the illness earlier in life and are presently middleaged or elderly. There is a scarcity of published studies on late-life schizophrenia. The available data tend to challenge the commonly held view of schizophrenia as a disorder with onset restricted to the first half of life and a progressively deteriorating course. Further work on this important but long-neglected patient population is urgently needed for clinical as well as research purposes. It is an irony in the history of science that certain notable conceptual advances seem, on occasion, to retard progress in unintended ways. A case in point is Kraepelin's (1899) definition of dementia praecox, which was based not only on clinical symptoms but also on "typical"
A survey of approaches to the job shop scheduling problem

This paper presents a brief introduction to the three primary directions of research in job shop scheduling. These areas are heuristic rules, classical optimization methods, and neural network approaches. The primary purpose is to provide a starting point for researchers who are interested in this area, so there is a focus on references to helpful technical papers in each of these areas of research.
Intraspecific Diversity in Sinningia speciosa (Gesneriaceae: Sinningieae), and Possible Origins of the Cultivated Florist’s Gloxinia

Background and aims The florist’s gloxinia is a familiar houseplant in the Gesneriaceae, the botanical family that includes the African violet (Saintpaulia) and other ornamental species. The gloxinia’s wild progenitor is Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern, a Brazilian endemic. Although it has been cultivated for almost 200 years, little is known about the genetic diversity in S. speciosa, how the wild populations relate to one another or even where the cultivated forms originated. Using available wild collections, preliminary phenetic and phylogenetic investigations were conducted to elucidate the interspecific relationships within S. speciosa and to infer the origins of the cultivars. Methodology Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to 24 accessions of S. speciosa (17 wild collections, seven cultivars) and one accession each of Sinningia guttata and Sinningia macrophylla. A maximum likelihood (ML) tree was also calculated from an alignment of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence from the same 26 accessions. Principal results Dice/UPGMA and principal coordinates analysis of the AFLP data partitioned S. speciosa into several distinct clusters, one of which included S. macrophylla. All cultivated ‘gloxinias’ grouped together in a major cluster with plants from Rio de Janeiro. The AFLP results were compared with a phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal spacer region, which was informative in S. speciosa. The ML tree generally supported the AFLP results, although several clades lacked strong statistical support. Conclusions Independent analyses of two different data sets show that S. speciosa is a diverse species comprised of several lineages. Genetic distance estimates calculated from the AFLP data were positively correlated with geographic distances between populations, indicating that reproductive isolation could be driving speciation in this taxon. Molecular markers are under development for population genetic studies in S. speciosa, which will make it possible to define evolutionarily significant units for purposes of conservation.
Learning by Doing: Reflections of the EPICS Program

In this paper we describe the EPICS Program at Purdue that was started in 1995 and has evolved into a multidisciplinary academic program engaging more than 800 students per year from nearly 70 disciplines across and outside of engineering. EPICS has been disseminated to other campuses and has been adopted as a K12 approach for introducing engineering through community engagement. This paper describes the current program and shares best practices and lessons learned as the program developed to provide insight for faculty and administrators seeking to develop service-learning, learning through service-learning, or community-based engineering. Data from the program related to student learning and community impact is shared. A discussion of the characteristics to make dissemination successful is also discussed.
Ultrastructure of a granulosa cell tumor.

Abstract Ultrastructural investigation of an ovarian granulosa cell tumor has revealed structural traits conforming to those of the normal, nonluteinized granulosa cell. Cytoplasmic membranous systems and mitochondria were well developed. Lipid inclusions were numerous. Nuclei demonstrated some degree of pleomorphism, and nucleoli were prominent. The complex and orderly cytoplasmic structure of this tumor is consonant with the relatively benign nature of this category of neoplasm and similar to that noted in other slowly growing tumors of endocrine origin. The absence of cytoplasmic granules serves to distinguish this neoplasm from members of the carcinoid group—a distinction which may on occasion be difficult under the light microscope.
Structure and Expression of Style-Expressed and Pollen-Expressed Components of Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility in Petunia Hybrida

Self-incompatibility is a genetic barrier to inbreeding that is based on the ability of the style to discriminate between self and non-self pollen. Historically, this discrimination has been shown to be governed by a single genetic locus known as the S-locus (East and Mangelsdorf, 1925; Bateman, 1955). In gametophytic self-incompatibility systems, like those of Petunia hybrida, the S-locus recognition phenotype is determined by the haploid genotype of the individual pollen grain. Both self and non-self pollen tubes will germinate and begin to grow through the transmitting tract tissue of the style. If there is a match between the S-allele(s) expressed in the style, and that expressed by a pollen tube, the growth of the (self) pollen tube is inhibited in the upper portion of the style. If there is no match between pollen and style recognition specificities, growth of the pollen tube is not inhibited, and it will grow the length of the style to the ovary, where it can function for fertilization and seed set. A contrasting type of self-incompatibility is sporophytic self-incompatibility. Here, the recognition phenotype of the pollen grain is determined by the diploid genotype of the pollen parent. In sporophytic self-incompatibility self pollen grains either fail to germinate at all, or if germination occurs, fail to penetrate through the stigmatic cuticle. In recent years, proteins and genes associated with self-incompatibility alleles have been isolated for both sporophytic systems (such as Brassica) and gametophytic systems (such as Petunia and Nieotiana alata). Current molecular evidence indicates that sporophytic and gametophytic self-incompatibility systems evolved independently and function via different mechanisms (Haring et al., 1990; Nasrallah et al., 1991; Sims, 1992a, 1992b).
Little Thermodynamic Penalty for the Synthesis of Ultraporous Metal Organic Frameworks.

Many metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of ultrahigh porosity (with molar volumes more than ten times greater than those of the corresponding dense phases) have been synthesized. However, the number of possible structures far exceeds those that have been made. It is logical to ask if there are energetic barriers to the stability of ultraporous MOFs or whether there is little thermodynamic penalty to their formation. Herein, we show that although the molar volumes of MOF-177 and UMCM-1 reach ultrahigh values, their energetic metastability is in the same range (of 7-36 kJ mol(-1)) as that seen previously for other porous materials. These findings suggest that there is little thermodynamic penalty for the synthesis of structures with varying porosity, and hence, ultraporous frameworks are energetically accessible. Therefore, innovative synthesis methods have the possibility to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches and greatly extend the number, porosity, and properties of new framework materials.
Analysis of the marketplace for educated archivists: state archives as a case study

Enquete menee aupres de vingt-quatre archivistes du Middle West, des etats de la facade atlantique et du sud-est sur le montant de leur salaire, sur le niveau de formation ayant ete requis pour leur embauche ainsi que sur les facteurs institutionnels et archivistiques susceptibles de modifier ce dernier
A single Glu(62)-to-Lys(62) mutation in the Mos residues of the R7Delta447Gag-tMos protein causes the mutant virus to induce brain lesions.

A single Glu 62 -to-Lys 62 mutation in the Mos residues of the R7Δ447Gag-tMos protein causes the mutant virus to induce brain lesions
Nutrition and depression in the community-based oldest-old.

The number of older adults continues to increase in all healthcare settings. The majority of older adults are living in the community. Most are dealing with at least one chronic physical illness or mental health concern. Nutritional status and depression, key indicators of overall health, have a com
Proactive Criminal Thinking and Deviant Identity as Mediators of the Peer Influence Effect

The purpose of this study was to test the moral model of criminal lifestyle development with data from the 1,725-member (918 boys and 807 girls) National Youth Survey. It was hypothesized that peer...
Surface Temperatures Produced in Silicon Using Large Diameter Scanning CW Sources

The temperature induced at the surface of a silicon wafer is calculated for both circular and rectangular scanning beams, assuming both a thermally isolated and heat sunk back surface. In the former case, the problem is one of simple uniform heating with radiative cooling at slow scan speeds. A significant thermal gradient is produced across the wafer at high scan speeds. In the latter case, a one-dimensional analysis suffices except for beam diameters less than about twice the wafer thickness, when lateral heat diffusion effects are present.
Diagnosis of Performance Limiting Segments in Integrated Circuits Using Path Delay Measurements

An approach capable of identifying the locations of distributed small delay defects, arising due to manufacturing aberrations, is proposed. It is shown that the proposed formulation can be transformed into a Boolean satisfiability form to be solved by any satisfiability solver. The approach is capable of providing a small number of alternative sets of potential defective segments, and one of the solutions is the actual defect configuration. This is shown to be a very important property toward the effective identification of the defective segments. Experimental analysis on International symposium on circuits and systems and International Test Conference benchmark suites show that the proposed approach is highly scalable and identifies the location of multiple delay defects.
Mechanical Genital Maldevelopment Presenting as Pseudovaginal Perineoscrotal Hypospadias

Abstract Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias is the descriptive terminology of a phenotypic genital abnormality that may develop from multiple etiologic factors, such as defective virilization-masculinization owing to deficient androgenic synthesis, defective androgenic action or mechanical embryologic failure. The case presented herein typifies a mechanical abnormality that results in perineal hypospadias with the appearance of a vaginal introitus but with rectal mucosa incorporated in the urethral opening.
TU-AB-209-01: Virtual and Physical Breast Phantoms That Mimic Patients

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a limited-angle tomographic technique by its nature has multiple optimal system configurations, which can lead to many potential changes to the existing and new DBT systems entering the US market. With the availability of computational tools such as for modeling imaging physics, it is becoming increasingly important to conduct virtual trials for a rigorous, preclinical and task-based assessment of DBT. For such virtual assessment to be successful, it is critical to: (1) develop model-observer approaches that can account for patient data statistics stemming from realistic or real breast backgrounds as well as lesion characteristics, thereby performing given tasks effectively and (2) validate the model-observer approaches and their performance trends/levels with physical measurements from a prototype or real DBT system and a physical phantom ensemble. It is also important to understand trade-offs between patient (phantom) sample/effect size and observer performance reliability for gaining knowledge on how to choose appropriate model observers for the given tasks. In this session, a variety of model-observer approaches associated with currently available breast phantoms (either physical or virtual) and their sample size will be discussed. The presenters in this session will also discuss the limitations of each model observer approach to provide an understanding of the circumstances where each of these approaches can be more suitable than the others. The session is organized as follows: First, the development of virtual and physical phantoms that mimic breast anatomy will be presented. This will be followed by two presentations on model observers for DBT, one on the designing of model observers for signal-known-exactly (SKE) tasks and another on the development of visual search based model observers with the intent of identifying useful image features. Finally, this will be followed by practical examples where such model observers are applied to digital breast tomosynthesis.
Statistical optics of silicon waveguides and microring filters

Measurement of only the average insertion loss and mean propagation delay time of a waveguide constitutes an incomplete picture of light transport, particularly in periodically-patterned structures, in which the increased phase accumulation and delay per unit length compared to conventional waveguides results in greater sensitivity to disorder. Here, we apply a framework of statistical optics to more comprehensively understand experimental measurements of light transport in silicon waveguides and coupled-microring filters.
Effects of simultaneous sound arrivals on direction-of-arrival estimates of the polar energy time curve

Abstract Acoustic reflections in rooms are best understood and controlled when their causal surfaces have been accurately localized. Several in situ measurement techniques have been proposed over the years to pinpoint reflections via estimated directions of arrival at chosen field positions. The polar energy time curve (Polar ETC) is one approach requiring six cardioid impulse response measurements along the Cartesian axes about a point in a room. This paper presents a theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation of its estimation errors due to simultaneous sound arrivals. Theoretical developments provide insights into their causes. Numerical examples based on the method of images explore conditions leading to the errors and likely error magnitudes. Experimental work using discrete planar reflectors in an anechoic chamber produced controlled reflections to further investigate the effects. An altazimuth-mounted laser and mirrors enabled reflection tracing and a means of measuring and comparing arrival directions to those estimated by the Polar ETC. The efforts demonstrate that the Polar ETC provides credible angular estimations for individual arrivals, but spurious results for most simultaneous arrivals. Single arrivals produce absolute errors of only a few degrees, while simultaneous arrivals of similar amplitudes produce errors ranging sporadically from a few degrees to many degrees.
Factors that Contribute to Outbreaks of Foodborne Disease

Factors that contributed to foodborne outbreaks that were reported in the U.S. from 1973-1976 are identified and categorized by disease and by locale in which incriminated foods were mishandled. Data from the same years are tallied separately and combined with data from the years 1961-1972. Inadequate cooling was associated with most foodborne outbreaks, with many bacterial foodborne diseases (such as salmonellosis, staphylococcal food poisoning, and Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis), and frequently with outbreaks that originated from foods prepared in foodservice establishments and homes. Inadequate cooling practices were usually either failure to refrigerate cooked foods or the storing of foods in large stock pots or other large containers that were refrigerated. Other important factors that contributed to foodborne outbreaks were the lapse of a day or more between preparing and serving (coupled with inadequate refrigeration or hot-holding during this time), handling of cooked foods by infected persons, inadequate cooking or other thermal processing, inadequately high temperatures during hot storage, inadequately high reheating temperatures, inadequate cleaning of kitchen or processing equipment, ingestion of contaminated raw food or ingredient, and cross contamination. The frequency of involvements of the factors that contributed to outbreaks in England and Wales was quite similar. The principal factors that contributed to staphylococcal food poisoning were inadequate cooling practices, infected person manipulating cooked food, and lapse of a day or more between preparing and serving. The principal factors that contributed to C. perfringens gastroenteritis were inadequate cooling practices, lapse of a day or more between preparing and serving, and inadequately high temperatures during hot-holding and reheating. The principal factors that contributed to salmonellosis were inadequate cooling practices, contaminated raw ingredients, inadequate cooking or thermal processing, and cross-contamination.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Series From Three Academic Institutions.

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have recently been associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Initial case reports were largely among patients using SGLT2i off label in the setting of type 1 diabetes and were unusual because of limited associated hyperglycemia (1). More recently, the problem has been specifically noted in patients with type 2 diabetes (2). Meta-analysis of data from initial randomized controlled trials of SGLT2i suggests little risk of DKA (<0.1%) in patients with type 2 diabetes (3). To better define the scope of the problem in clinical practice, we conducted a search of three academic health care systems’ electronic health records. The study was approved by institutional review boards. Patients were selected from all emergency and inpatient encounters between 1 January 2013 and 30 April 2016 that contained the diagnosis codes for ketosis or acidosis (ICD-9 …
Differentiating perforated from non-perforated appendicitis on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric appendicitis is increasing; MRI findings predictive of appendiceal perforation have not been specifically evaluated. To assess the performance of MRI in differentiating perforated from non-perforated appendicitis. A retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing contrast-enhanced MRI and subsequent appendectomy was performed, with surgicopathological confirmation of perforation. Appendiceal diameter and the following 10 MRI findings were assessed: appendiceal restricted diffusion, wall defect, appendicolith, periappendiceal free fluid, remote free fluid, restricted diffusion within free fluid, abscess, peritoneal enhancement, ileocecal wall thickening and ileus. Two-sample t-test and chi-square tests were used to analyze continuous and discrete data, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for individual MRI findings were calculated and optimal thresholds for measures of accuracy were selected. Seventy-seven patients (mean age: 12.2 years) with appendicitis were included, of whom 22 had perforation. The perforated group had a larger mean appendiceal diameter and mean number of MRI findings than the non-perforated group (12.3 mm vs. 8.6 mm; 5.0 vs. 2.0, respectively). Abscess, wall defect and restricted diffusion within free fluid had the greatest specificity for perforation (1.00, 1.00 and 0.96, respectively) but low sensitivity (0.36, 0.25 and 0.32, respectively). The receiver operator characteristic curve for total number of MRI findings had an area under the curve of 0.92, with an optimal threshold of 3.5. A threshold of any 4 findings had the best ability to accurately discriminate between perforated and non-perforated cases, with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 85%. Contrast-enhanced MRI can differentiate perforated from non-perforated appendicitis. The presence of multiple findings increases diagnostic accuracy, with a threshold of any four findings optimally discriminating between perforated and non-perforated cases. These results may help guide management decisions as MRI assumes a greater role in the work-up of pediatric appendicitis.
Recent Advances of Computational Modeling for Predicting Drug Metabolism: A Perspective.

Background Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) properties along with drug induced adverse effects are the major reasons for the late stage failure of drug candidates as well as the cause for the expensive withdrawal of many approved drugs from the market. Considering the adverse effects of drugs, metabolism factor has great importance in medicinal chemistry and clinical pharmacology because it influences the deactivation, activation, detoxification and toxification of drugs. Methods Computational methods are effective approaches to reduce the number of safety issues by analyzing possible links between chemical structures and metabolism followed by adverse effects, as they serve the integration of information on several levels to enhance the reliability of outcomes. Results and discussion In silico profiling of drug metabolism can help progress only those molecules along the discovery chain that is less likely to fail later in the drug discovery process. This positively impacts the very high costs of drug discovery and development. Understanding the science behind computational tools, their opportunities, and limitations is essential to make a true influence on drug discovery at different levels. If applied in a scientifically consequential way, computational tools may improve the capability to identify and evaluate potential drug molecules considering pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Conclusion Herein, current trends in computational modeling for predicting drug metabolism are reviewed highlighting new computational tools for drug metabolism prediction followed by reporting large and integrated databases of approved drugs associated with diverse metabolism issues.
Nonstandardized Terminology to Describe Focal Liver Lesions in Patients at Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications Regarding Clinical Communication

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between malignancy risk of focal liver observations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) implied by phrases us...
President Trump’s Anti-free Trade Agreements Policy

In the presidential election of 2016, Donald Trump won the Presidency by recognizing the frustration of middle class workers in losing jobs and industries to “outsourcing” production to foreign nations. Unfortunately his specified policies to replace the free trade agreements are not aimed at the correct cause of the outsourcing problem and so will not solve the problem. The Keynes theory can provide a policy solution.
Single-Molecule Titration in a Protein Nanoreactor Reveals the Protonation/Deprotonation Mechanism of a C:C Mismatch in DNA

Measurement of single-molecule reactions can elucidate microscopic mechanisms that are often hidden from ensemble analysis. Herein, we report the acid–base titration of a single DNA duplex confined within the wild-type α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore for up to 3 h, while monitoring the ionic current through the nanopore. Modulation between two states in the current–time trace for duplexes containing the C:C mismatch in proximity to the latch constriction of α-HL is attributed to the base flipping of the C:C mismatch. As the pH is lowered, the rate for the C:C mismatch to flip from the intra-helical state to the extra-helical state (kintra-extra) decreases, while the rate for base flipping from the extra-helical state to the intra-helical state (kextra-intra) remains unchanged. Both kintra-extra and kextra-intra are on the order of 1 × 10–2 s–1 to 1 × 10–1 s–1 and remain stable over the time scale of the measurement (several hours). Analysis of the pH-dependent kinetics of base flipping using a hidden Markov k...