cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between sea ice bacterial community structure and biogeochemistry: A synthesis of current knowledge and known unknowns

Sea ice plays an important role in high latitude biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems, and climate. A complete understanding of how sea ice biogeochemistry contributes to these processes must take into account the metabolic functions of the sea ice bacterial community. While the roles of sea ice bacteria in the carbon cycle and sea ice microbial loop are evidenced by high rates of bacterial production (BP), their metabolic diversity extends far beyond heterotrophy, and their functionality encompasses much more than carbon turnover. Work over the last three decades has identified an active role for sea ice bacteria in phosphate and nitrogen cycling, mutualistic partnerships with ice algae, and even prokaryotic carbon fixation. To better understand the role of sea ice bacteria in the carbon cycle the existing sea ice BP and primary production data were synthesized. BP in sea ice was poorly correlated with primary production, but had a strong, variable relationship with chlorophyll a, with a positive correlation below 50 mg chlorophyll a m-3 and a negative correlation above this value. These results concur with previous work suggesting that BP can be inhibited by grazing or the production of bacteriostatic compounds. To extend existing observations and predictions of other community functions a metabolic inference technique was used on the available 16S rRNA gene data. This analysis provided taxonomic support for some observed metabolic processes, as well as underexplored processes such as sulfur oxidation and nitrogen fixation. The decreasing spatial and temporal extent of sea ice, and altered timing of ice formation and melt, are likely to impact the structure and function of sea ice bacterial communities. An adequate modeling framework and studies that can resolve the functional dynamics of the sea ice bacterial community, such as community gene expression studies, are urgently needed to predict future change.
Interface-mediated phase transformation in nanocrystalline particles: the case of the TiO2 allotropes

Phase transformations are important processes by which materials evolve in both natural and synthetic materials. Understanding the nature, mechanisms, and kinetics of phase transformations, as well as the micro structural changes that accompany them, require comprehensive characterization so as to gain a deeper understanding of atomic scale mechanisms and better control materials properties. A combination of experimental and theoretical techniques has led to improved understanding of how phase transformations are initiated at interfaces and then propagate by growth of the more stable phase at the expense of meta-stable phases. A number of important research studies are highlighted to improve our understanding of this aggregation based phase transformation and control over its mechanism to produce materials with desired properties.
Chinch Bug-Resistant Buffalograss: An Investigation of Tolerance, Antixenosis, and Antibiosis

Choice and no-choice studies were conducted to determine the categories (antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) of resistance of four buffalograsses (NE91-118, 'Bonnie Brae', 'Cody', and 'Tatanka') previously identified as resistant to the western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber. Antibiosis studies found no significant differences in western chinch bug fecundity, nymphal development, or survival among the resistant and susceptible buffalograsses. Tolerance studies indicated that NE91-118, Cody, and Tatanka exhibited moderate-to-high levels of tolerance based on western chinch bug damage ratings and plant height, whereas Bonnie Brae exhibited moderate-to-low levels of tolerance. Choice studies indicated the presence of antixenosis in NE91-118, whereas Cody and Tatanka showed little or no antixenosis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to disclose morphological differences between NE91-118 (resistant) and '378' (susceptible). The epicuticular wax structures and trichome densities were similar between 378 and NE91-118, suggesting that morphological structures do not contribute to NE91-118 antixenosis.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: A case report and review of the literature

The epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (eMPNST) is an extremely rare soft tissue neoplasm comprising less than 5% of all MPNSTs. It is distinguished cytomorphologically from a conventional MPNST by the presence of polymorphous round epithelioid cells arranged in loose clusters with or without spindled tumor cells. These features pose a diagnostic challenge because the differential diagnosis involves a variety of mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal tumors including epithelioid sarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, chordoma, metastatic carcinomas, and melanoma. Thus, it may become imperative to perform immunochemical stains on cell blocks of FNA aspirates to arrive at definitive diagnosis. Reports describing the cytologic features of eMPNST are rare. Herein, we report a case of eMPNST with focus on cytomorphologic and cytoimmunochemical features and differential diagnosis.
The History of the Study of Adolescence

This article provides an overview of the three phases in the history of the study of adolescence, periods spanning from the roots of this field in philosophy and psychological science to present-day emphases on the multiple scholarly disciplines involved in describing, explaining, and optimizing adolescent development. Particular focus is placed on relational, developmental systems models of adolescent development and their use in policy and program applications aimed at promoting healthy, positive youth development. The article examines also the future of the developmental science of adolescence, and projects that scientists and practitioners will collaborate to promote and advocate for the healthy development of diverse young people.
Detection of coronary stenoses by multidetector computed tomography: it's all about resolution.

Noninvasive imaging of the coronary arteries is fraught with great difficulties: Most obviously, coronary vessels have small dimensions, which requires high spatial resolution. Also, they are subjected to rapid motion because of cardiac contraction. Sufficient temporal resolution is thus necessary
Sintering in Laser Sintering

Laser sintering is a popular additive manufacturing technology, particularly for service parts. Invented by C. Deckard in the mid-1980s, the approach of using a laser to densify a powder bed selectively has been extensively researched and has been applied to metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. In the traditional powder-metallurgical sense, sintering involves solid-state atomic transport resulting in neck formation and eventual densification in a powder mass. The use of the term “sintering” as a descriptive term for the powder-bed additive manufacturing process has been problematical to the technical community, because the predominant densification mechanism has been shown for most applications to be melting and reflow. The term has perpetuated as a name for the additive manufacturing process, at least for polymers. The technical term “sintering” is accurately associated with laser sintering insofar as powder pre-processing and part post-processing are concerned. It may also be used to describe formation of “part cake”. This paper describes the circumstances surrounding the coining of the term, “laser sintering” and provides some examples of how sintering is used in pre- and post-processing.
Shakespeare's Pauses, Authorship, and Early Chronology

This paper explores the implications of Ants Oras’s Pause Patterns in Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama: An Experiment in Prosody (Oras 1960) for the chronology and authorship of plays in early modern England. Oras’s brief monograph has been noticed by a relatively few scholars, mainly those interested in changes to Shakespeare’s pentameter line. Recent developments in the field, however, have rendered his data newly attractive. Compiled by hand, Oras’s figures on the punctuated pauses in pentameter verse offer computational approaches a wealth of information by which writers’ stylistic profiles and changes can be measured. Oras’s data for a large number of playwrights and poets, as well as his methodology generally, may prove instrumental in constructing a portrait of the aesthetic environment for writers of pentameter verse during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England. In particular, pause percentages may lend context to our attributions of texts of uncertain authorship. A hypothetical chronology is offered for Shakespeare’s earliest writing, including his contributions to Arden of Faversham , 1 Henry VI , and Edward III .
First FDA Authorization for Next-Generation Sequencer

The FDA has granted marketing authorization for a high-throughput genomic sequencer, Illumina's MiSeqDx, which will allow the development of innumerable new genome-based tests. Access to genomic data may transform research, clinical care, and patient engagement.
Arrhythmia risk stratification of patients after myocardial infarction using personalized heart models

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from arrhythmias is a leading cause of mortality. For patients at high SCD risk, prophylactic insertion of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reduces mortality. Current approaches to identify patients at risk for arrhythmia are, however, of low sensitivity and specificity, which results in a low rate of appropriate ICD therapy. Here, we develop a personalized approach to assess SCD risk in post-infarction patients based on cardiac imaging and computational modelling. We construct personalized three-dimensional computer models of post-infarction hearts from patients' clinical magnetic resonance imaging data and assess the propensity of each model to develop arrhythmia. In a proof-of-concept retrospective study, the virtual heart test significantly outperformed several existing clinical metrics in predicting future arrhythmic events. The robust and non-invasive personalized virtual heart risk assessment may have the potential to prevent SCD and avoid unnecessary ICD implantations.
Analysis of the retention on methadone maintenance treatment on drug addict patients in Qinghai province

Objective To identify the retention rate among patients who received methadone maintenance treatment( MMT). Methods A prospective observational study was taken to follow drug addicts who received MMT from 2006 to 2009 at least 3 years,whose demographics,drug use behaviors and treatment situation were investigated,Kaplan- Meier models was used to calculate the retention rate,and evaluate the factors associated with retention. Results A total of 727 patients were followed at least 3 years,the average age was36. 7 years old,the median length of MMT was 26. 2 months,the retention rates for 1 year,2 years and 3years were 59. 42%,47. 32% and 37. 0% respectively,there is significant statistically difference on drug use years,urine test positive rate during treatment,average treatment dose and the treatment retention rate( P 0. 05). Conclusions MMT clinics should establish target focus intervention during daily treatment,focus on the patients who have injected drugs,patients with shorter drug abuse history and patients who found urine test positive when conduct sampling inspections,for the purpose of increase the retention time of patients,should improve the dosage gradually,to reduce the risks of attrition.
Moving toward whole-genome analysis: a technology perspective.

Purpose. New, highly efficient technologies used in genomic analysis are described, and their implications for health care are discussed. Summary. The availability of the human genome sequence, in confluence with the ability to affordably package it for analysis, is opening new frontiers in biomedical research. On the horizon, personalized medicine—driven by molecular characterization of disease, genetic analysis of the patient, and information technologies designed to enable health care professionals to leverage these tools—promises to fundamentally transform health care. New genetics technologies, such as high-density microarrays, will fuel this research by providing researchers with the ability to comprehensively access the human genome in all its complexity. Some of the most promising areas for application of genetic information are those where society’s current needs are greatest: complex, common disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease; drug interactions; inherited genetic disorders that afflict children; and late-onset conditions for which no cure currently exists. The barriers to using genetic information widely in health care are in many cases not technological or economic, but social and political. Conclusion. New technology enables efficient, large-scale analysis of the whole genome, genetic variations, and gene expression. Genomic analysis has profound clinical, economic, and social implications for health care.
Inhibition of Coronavirus MHV-A59 Replication by Proteinase Inhibitors

Replication of mouse hepatitis virus is initiated by translation and processing of the gene 1 polyprotein. The increasing complexity of this pattern of replicase protein expression is becoming apparent. MHV-A59 encodes approximately 800 kDa of polypeptide within the two overlapping open reading frames of gene 1. In addition, at least one proteinase activity encoded by gene 1 has been identified1,2 and two more are predicted, along with putative polymerase, helicase, NTP binding and possibly growth factor like proteins3–5. Only the first 380 kDa of protein products of MHV gene 1 ORF 1a have been described and characterized as to the pattern of expression and processing in virus infected cells6. Specifically, proteins of N-p28-65-290-C constitute the initial translation products of this region. The cleavage between p28 and p65 has been best described, both in vitro and in virus-infected cells7. As of yet no specific functions have been ascribed to any of these proteins. Thus a great deal remains to be learned about the processing pattern and functions of MHV gene 1 encoded proteins.
Rotational excitation of CH4 by He atoms

Quantum close-coupling and coupled-state approximation scattering calculations for rotational energy transfer of rotationally excited CH4 due to collisions with He are presented for collision energies between 10−7 and 3000 cm−1 using the MP4 potential of Calderoni et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8261 (2004)]. State-to-state cross sections and rate coefficients from selected initial rotational states of CH4 in symmetries A, E, and F are studied from the ultra-cold to the thermal regime. Comparison of the cross sections with available theoretical results and experimental data show good agreement. Applications to astrophysics and cold laboratory environments are briefly addressed.
Laparoscopic Robotic-Assisted Prostatectomy

Conventional laparoscopy has technical limitations that include two-dimensional visualization, reduced tactile feedback, ergonomic restriction, and counterintuitive movements. For the novice laparoscopist, these limitations constitute a daunting challenge. Incorporation of robotic technology has the potential to correct these impediments (1) enhancing human skills in challenging procedures such as laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
M. N. Tukhachevsky and the Decision to Invade Poland

Lenin’s patient, long-range perspective, his pessimism about immediate revolutionary possibilities, his willingness to accept the Versailles Treaty and to engage in compromise and a strategic retreat were attitudes quite at variance with the feelings which permeated the Red Army on the Western front in July 1920. The rallying cry which stirred Tukhachevsky’s troops into their offensive of 4 July was ‘Dayosh Varshavu!’ – ‘Give us Warsaw!’3 To a large extent this was a natural, nationalistic response to the fact that Poland had invaded and captured the former capital of ancient Russia – Kiev. It may also have resulted from a conscious attempt on the part of Army leaders to instil a fighting spirit into their troops by directing desires for revenge against a specific target. As a shibboleth, it was far more suitable to the needs of the front command than Lenin’s slogan: ‘manoeuvre, agree, compromise’.
Idées vagues/images claires: Image, Pedagogy, and Politics in the Films of Jean-Luc Godard, 1966–1969

Jean-Luc Godard's interest in pedagogy, and in the pedagogical capacities of the image in particular, led him in works of the late 1960s to confront some of the main theoretical problems concerning image, language, and knowledge, problems that have been at the core of his films ever since. Despite the “scientific” claims made by films like Masculin feminin (1965) and 2 or 3 Things I Know About Her (1967), Godard's enthusiasm for a pedagogical usage of the image was quickly undercut by serious doubts about the adequacy of any verbal or visual signs. This doubt, in turn, led Godard to associate the possibility of adequate signification with a utopian condition to be brought about by Communist revolution. Such a condition, in which an image could successfully express an idea, is imagined hypothetically in the “images claires” of La Chinoise (1967). Le gai savoir (1969), meanwhile, acknowledges our distance from this condition and considers how knowledge might be arrived at through images despite their shortc...
Does Repeated Exposure to Popular Media Strengthen Moral Intuitions?: Exploratory Evidence Regarding Consistent and Conflicted Moral Content

Previous studies have indicated that media consumption may influence moral intuition sensitivity. The present exploratory studies sought to expand on these findings by employing a three-phase, longitudinal experiment conducted over nine weeks, where participants were exposed to two genres of films (romance, action) mixed in various ratios (high = 100% romance, medium = 60% romance, low = 20% romance, none = 0% romance). Findings from the initial study indicate that repeated exposure to romantic films led to increases in sensitivity for four of the five moral intuitions (i.e., care, fairness, authority, purity); at the same time, any exposure to action films seemed to erode these changes. A follow-up post-hoc content analysis sought to confirm these findings and test an operationalization of “moral conditioning.” We discuss the results in regards to media entertainment theory and research, and the societal implications of the role of media entertainment to reinforce standards of moral judgment.
The Military Rules of Evidence: An Advocate's Tool

A basic tenet of military criminal practice is that our evidentiary and procedural models should follow those existing in the United States district courts. In 1951 and 1969, when the Manual for Courts-Martial was re-written, the motivation was to modernize our practice: to, in effect, catch up with the federal system. Since those last major revisions, we have lagged behind the federal sector. Though Chapter XXVII of the current Manual is still a viable and effective evidentiary base, it possesses conflicts with the evolution of military law and other problems which need correction. On 1 September 1980 that correction will occur, and Chapter XXVII will become the Military Rules of Evidence - (M.R.E.), a mirror image in form and content of the Federal Rules of Evidence. (F.R.E.). This change, though substantial, is not as sweeping or disruptive as one might initially think. The existing Chapter XXVII and the F.R.E.'s are substantively very similar. Probably 75% of the common evidentiary issues will still be resolved in a manner to which we are accustomed. In the same vein, the M.R.E.'s and F.R.E.'s are also very similar. However, where the two systems differ, they markedly differ; and to a large extent some of these differences may well be outcome determinative when applied to the individual case.What follows is an introduction to the new rules written with the litigator in mind. This introduction is not meant to be the final word on the new rules, but more of a road map through our new code. To keep the trip from becoming too tedious or boring, we will only stop at the major points along the way, leaving the less important destinations for another journey. What must also be left for another occasion is a very detailed evaluation of the individual rules. Time, and a lack of military judicial precedent, currently prevents this type of analysis. Surely the months ahead will provide the necessary authority and opportunity for that research.
Superplasticity in Al-Li Alloys

ABSTRACT Studies on the superplasticity of Al-Li alloys have demonstrated that a thermomechanically processed and static recrystallized alloy with fine grain size tends to exhibit strain-assisted grain growth and cavitation, and not a very high degree of superplastic elongation. On the other hand, aged and rolled microstructure can continuously recrystallize to a very fine grain size during the early part of superplastic straining. Continued deformation can then lead to much larger extent of superplastic elongations. The changes in the microstructures during superplastic flow have been characterized by optical and transmission electron microscopy, and described here.
Small-Molecule Systems Chemistry

Summary Systems chemistry is a broad and relatively new approach to studying chemical phenomena by embracing and understanding their inherent complexity rather than seeking to limit or eliminate it. Systems-level understanding is a powerful alternative to the traditionally reductionist approach that many branches of chemistry currently utilize. Complex chemical systems can operate under kinetic or thermodynamic control and give rise to unique properties, some of which are emergent—that is, impossible to observe in individual components of the system. This review highlights selected examples of how the systems chemistry approach has been used for studying dynamic combinatorial libraries, autocatalytic processes, chemical reactions at the origins of life, as well as for reaction discovery and synthesis of complex functional molecules, including molecular machines.
Should patients with anatomically narrow angles have prophylactic iridectomy?: III. Editorial

Abstract In this set of articles, the authors outline methods and criteria for determining which patients with anatomically narrow angles should have laser iridectomy to prevent acute angle-closure glaucoma.
How Do You Achieve Inclusive Excellence in the Classroom

This chapter identifies pedagogical strategies promoting equity for all students. Historical roots of Inclusive Excellence (IE), theories surrounding IE, and ways to affirm student identity are described, as well as factors that may interfere with the adoption of inclusive pedagogy.
Flood-ebb and spring-neap variations of lateral circulation in the James River estuary

Abstract Mooring observations in the James River estuary show one-cell lateral circulation that persists from spring to neap tides despite large changes in vertical stratification. The lateral circulation is twice as strong on ebb than on flood during neap tide, but shows little flood-ebb asymmetry during spring tide. A numerical model is developed to simulate the lateral circulation. It captures an observed three-fold change in stratification and reproduces the observed temporal evolution of the lateral circulation. An analysis of the streamwise vorticity equation reveals that the lateral circulation is generated by the tilting of the planetary vorticity by the along-channel flow but opposed by turbulent diffusion and lateral baroclinic forcing due to sloping isopycnals. Tilting of the vertical component of relative vorticity by the along-channel flow is insignificant. Vortex stretching is also weak in the straight segment of the estuary where mooring observations were available. During neap tide, vorticity generation is larger on ebb due to stronger vertical shear in the along-channel current, thereby leading to stronger lateral circulation on ebb. During spring tide, however, turbulent mixing reduces the shear and the flood-ebb asymmetry in the vorticity generation, resulting in little flood-ebb variations in the lateral circulation strength. Such strength is comparable between spring and neap tides because of the compensative changes in the vorticity budget: increased baroclinic forcing and decreased diffusion during neap tides versus decreased baroclinic forcing and increased diffusion during spring tides.
Impact of a Monoplane Hemodynamic TEE (hTEE) Monitoring Device on Decision Making in a Heterogeneous Hemodynamically Unstable Intensive Care Unit Population: A Prospective, Observational Study.

Objective This prospective observational study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of a miniature transesophageal echocardiography probe (ImaCor hemodynamic [hTEE]) in the management of hemodynamically unstable intensive care unit patients with and without various forms of mechanical circulatory support. Design A prospective observational study. Setting A single tertiary care cardiothoracic and surgical intensive care unit. Participants Fifty-three cardiothoracic and surgical intensive care unit patients undergoing miniature transesophageal echocardiography examinations. All patients had hemodynamic instability as defined by necessity of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices or vasoactive medications. Interventions From April 2012 to February 2014, 53 hemodynamically unstable intensive care unit patients received an examination with the miniature transesophageal echocardiography probe when deemed necessary by the intensivist for rapid and/or ongoing transesophageal echocardiographic examinations. Twenty-eight of the examinations were performed in patients with MCS devices (53%). The remainder of examinations (n = 25, 47%) were performed in patients after other cardiothoracic surgery or noncardiac surgery with cardiac complications. Measurements and Main Results The measured endpoint was determination of usefulness of management guidance due to the miniature transesophageal echocardiographic examination as assessed by the intensivist caring for the patient. The incidence of hTEE imaging provoking a change in management also was recorded. Overall, of the 53 examinations, 77% (n = 41) provided useful information to the management. Of the 25 examinations in patients without MCS, 92% (n = 23) of the examinations were useful in guiding management. Among the 28 examinations in patients with MCS devices, 64% (n = 18) of examinations were useful in guiding management (odds ratio = 0.156; 95% confidence interval, 0.015-0.899; p = 0.022). Eight of the 53 examinations (15%) were deemed to have “poor image quality” by the echocardiographer. Age, sex, and body mass index did not significantly affect the usefulness of the hTEE examinations. Conclusion Examination of a heterogeneous hemodynamically unstable intensive care population with a miniature transesophageal echocardiography probe provided useful information beyond standard intensive care unit monitoring data, which influenced post-hTEE medical decision making. The examinations were more useful in patients without MCS devices than in those with MCS. Of the patients with MCS, patients with durable ventricular assist devices had the lowest rate of useful examinations.
Medical Students' Implicit Bias and the Communication of Norms in Medical Education

ABSTRACTIssue. Medical educators should consider how institutional norms influence medical students' perceptions of implicit bias. Understanding normative structures in medical education can shed light on why this influence is associated with students' resistance to implicit bias. Evidence. Extant research across diverse fields of study uncovers and theorizes layers of norms and normative systems and how they are related to ethical behavior. This review bridges the fields of communication, bioethics, and medical education, constructing an organized foundation and common language by which researchers can build effective educational interventions. First, the nature and effects of implicit bias are described. Second, the nature of normative systems in medical education is explicated. Concepts from the fields of education and communication are transferred to medical education. Third, the structure of the communication of norms in medical education is revealed, through theoretical research in bioethics and emp...
Discrete damage modeling of static bearing failure in laminated composites

Abstract Discrete Damage Modeling (DDM) of double shear lap bolted joint was performed. Regularized eXtended Finite Element Method (Rx-FEM) was used for the simulation of matrix cracking at initially unknown locations and in directions independent of the mesh orientation in a ply level 3D model. A set of input properties combining directly measured ply properties and properties empirically reduced from laminate level testing by using common industry practices was used for blind prediction of test data for 1.5D and 3.0D edge distance specimens with clamp-up. The simulations predicted the bearing strength characteristics for 1.5D configuration within 10% window, whereas for the 3.0D case the ultimate bearing strength was underpredicted by 20.3%. X-ray CT imaging of post-peak loaded specimens was performed. The observed failure modes and locations agreed with the experiment in most cases. A limited number of input parameters including fiber failure fracture toughness were varied in a parametric study.
Collaboration, cyberinfrastructure, and cognitive science: The role of databases and dataguides in 21st century structural geology

Abstract Structural geologists support their mind with tools, and these tools are increasingly computer based. The advent of Intelligent Systems will allow creation of research teams that combine the strengths of the human mind and computer processing to produce new research results. The efficacy of these approaches will require a solid grounding in cognitive science. Critical to this approach are databases, which are potentially transformative solely in their ability to allow access to data, in a primary form. Emerging more recently, however, is the concept of a dataguide, in which computer-aided analysis informs ongoing decisions about where and what data to collect. The creation of human and computer teams can expand the types of questions that can be addressed in structural geology and tectonics research, but it will take a community-based effort to understand the value of data to experts and how computers might aid an expert in the field.
Fluctuating Returns of Dual Listings: Domestic and ADR Markets

This paper examines the extent to which the dollar returns of stocks, dual listed on the domestic market and on the US market, as American Depository Receipts (ADRs), capture the fluctuations of both markets. Since 1989 there has been phenomenal growth in ADR offerings from several countries. The dollar monthly returns for ADRs, country and US market indices are examined during 01/89 12/99, for 19 countries, to capture the fluctuations in the returns. Five sets of hypothesis are tested: (i) ADR return against country market index (ii) ADR return against the US market index (iii) ADR return against both domestic and US market indexes (iv) country market index against US market index (v) Country market index against the US market index and increasing number of dual listed ADRs. The results indicate that the ADRs do capture the fluctuations of both the domestic and US markets but more importantly if the number of dual listed ADRs increases, the effect is a lowering of risk premium of the domestic market. 3 Fluctuating Returns of Dual Listings: Domestic and ADR Markets
Evidence for anisotropy in the super-thick sedimentary basin, Bay of Bengal

Evidence for anisotropy in the super-thick sedimentary basin under the northern Bay of Bengal is presented. Surface wave group velocity data given by Brune and Singh (1986) is better fit by an anisotropic model than an isotropic one. This lends support to the hypothesis that the mid-crustal rocks are metasediments and that the section of sediments and metasediments is more than 20 km thick.
Hyperprolactinemia and Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent concomitant of infertility, hypogonadism, and may be found in 27% of patients with PCOD. The isolation of prolactin and the development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for its measurement has enabled the clinician to identify those clinical states that may be associated with hyperprolactinemia, and offers an option of medical treatment which may be useful in the treatment of the underlying pathological disturbance. It must be stressed that hyperprolactinemia is the most common hypothalamic-pituitary disorder in the human and an understanding of the pathophysiological effects of hyperprolactinemia is clearly important in the evaluation and management of such patients who may present with galactorrhea and/or menstrual abnormalities. Excellent re-views of PRL secretion and physiology have been reported (27,240,275,415,967).
Perovskite Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based piezoelectric materials are the most widely used piezoelectric materials for electromechanical devices. However, due to the toxicity of lead, there is a strong interest in the development of environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectrics. Several classes of lead-free materials, such as barium titanate, bismuth and sodium titanate, potassium niobate (KNbO3) and their solid solutions, have been reported as alternatives to PZT, and they exhibit relatively high piezoelectricity through the compositional modifications, and, in some cases, comparable to those of PZT. However, solid solutions of these lead-free perovskite families are not yet suited to replace PZT because of their limited operational temperature range. This chapter reviews recent developments in lead-free piezoelectric materials. Origin of enhanced properties and thermal stability of these families are discussed.
Data Bases and Statistical Systems: Economics (General)

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 14, pp. 9770–9777, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd., with revisions made by the Editor.
Claudin-7 modulates cell-matrix adhesion that controls cell migration, invasion and attachment of human HCC827 lung cancer cells

Claudins are a family of tight junction proteins, and serve important roles in epithelial barrier, selective ion transports and cancer metastasis. Although the exact role of claudin-7 in human lung cancer has not been completely elucidated, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that claudin-7 is associated with the survival of patients with lung cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that claudin-7 forms a protein complex with integrin β1 in human lung cancer cells. The knockdown (KD) of claudin-7 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced integrin β1 expression and increased the cell proliferative rate, whereas claudin-7 re-expression in the KD cells decreased the cell proliferation. It is unknown as to whether claudin-7 and integrin β1 regulate cell proliferation and invasion synergistically or independently. In the present study, it was observed that ectopic expression of integrin β1 in claudin-7 KD lung cancer cells did not reduce the cell proliferation. However, integrin β1-transfected cells migrated more effectively in wound healing and cell invasion assays and were more adhesive in a cell attachment assay when compared with those of claudin-7 KD cells. This indicates that claudin-7 controls cell proliferation, while cell attachment and motility were regulated partially through integrin β1. Additionally, claudin-7 overexpression in claudin-7 KD cells resulted in an improved ability to attach to the surface of cell culture plates and a higher expression of focal adhesion proteins when compared with claudin-7 non-KD control cells, which supports the role of claudin-7 in cell adhesion and motility. Taken together, these data suggest that claudin-7 regulates cell motility through integrin β1, providing additional insight into the roles of claudins in carcinogenesis and cancer cell metastasis.
Application of the Augmented Operator Function Model for Developing Performance Metrics in Persistent Surveillance

Abstract : Difficulties with the implementation of persistent Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) sensors to support real-time military missions have risen within Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance organization. In this study, cognitive models were developed of real-time missions currently supported by narrow field of view Full Motion Video (FMV) and WAMI sensors. These models were used in conjunction with a cognitive task analysis, creating an augmented operator function model (OFM-COG). This thesis describes the OFM-COG and demonstrates how this model-based analysis technique can document the cognitive implications of persistent surveillance with motion imagery. The analytic procedures required to build this model result in a methodology for the definition of an information display system specific for intelligence analysis tasks. Specifically, the models developed examine the cognitive demands of an Imagery Analyst (IA) during a real-time mission, with WAMI and/or FMV. From this, a set of cognitive metrics for analyst performance were identified for the real-time military missions in persistent surveillance.
Formelle Anforderungen an die Dokumentation

Hinsichtlich der konkreten Ausgestaltung der Dokumentationspflicht ist zu untersuchen, auf welche Weise die Dokumentation vorzunehmen ist, damit die Pflicht erfullt wird. Zu beachten sind diesbezuglich der Zeitpunkt und die Form der Dokumentation. Auserdem stellt sich die Frage, ob eine bereits vorgenommene Dokumentation nachtraglich noch abgeandert werden darf.
Super-Planckian Radiative Heat Transfer between Macroscale Surfaces with Vacuum Gaps Down to 190 nm Directly Created by SU-8 Posts and Characterized by Capacitance Method

In this work we experimentally demonstrated the near-field thermal radiation enhancement over the blackbody limit by 11 times between highly doped silicon chips with 1 × 1 cm2 size at a vacuum gap ...
Risk factors for emergency room and hospital care for patients with advanced solid tumors on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

e15142Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly utilized across cancer types. Risk factors for emergency room (ER) and inpatient (IP) care in this patient (pt) population rem...
Clinical follow-up studies of pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), and to investigate the possible risk factors for poor prognosis. Methods The clinical data of 41 patients with IPH were retrospectively analyzed, 22 cases were divided into survival group and death group according to the follow-up data and prognosis, and the related clinical factors in 2 groups were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 41 patients with IPH, 14 cases were male, 27 cases female.The median age of onset was 3.8 years, and the diagnosed median age was 4.6 years.The common clinical features of the 41 children with IPH included pale, cough, hemoptysis, fever, and fatigue, in 34 cases (82.9%), 27 cases (65.8%), 16 cases (39.0%), 13 cases (31.7%) and 11 cases (26.8%) children, respectively.Initial symptoms included pale, cough, hemoptysis, in 27 cases(65.9%), 13 cases(31.7%), and 11 cases(26.8%) children, respectively.Accessory examinations revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia (average hemoglobin concentration was 65.2 g/L), and 40 patients (97.6%)had an abnormal chest X-ray.Forty patients were treated with glucocorticoids, and all of them had symptom remission.Twenty-two patients were followed up for 6 months to 9 years, and 6 cases (27.3%)died during follow-up and 16 cases (72.7%) still alive.There were no statistically significant differences between death group and survival group as to age of onset, gender distribution, age on diagnosis, degree of anemia, and clinical features(all P>0.05). The incidence of jaundice was significantly different between the 2 groups(P<0.05). Conclusions IPH has diverse clinical manifestations and a high rate of misdiagnosis.A routine chest X-ray film should be taken for patients with moderate to severe microcytic hypochromic anemia.The conditions of some pediatric patients can be stabilized with glucocorticoids treatment, but the associated mortality rate remains high.History of jaundice may be a risk factor for poor prognosis. Key words: Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis; Prognosis; Child
Sequence Motifs: Highly Predictive Features of Protein Function

Protein function prediction, i.e. classification of proteins according to their biological function, is an important task in bioinformatics. In this chapter, we illustrate that the presence of sequence motifs — elements that are conserved across different proteins — are highly discriminative features for predicting the function of a protein. This is in agreement with the biological thinking that considers motifs to be the building blocks of protein sequences. We focus on proteins annotated as enzymes, and show that despite the fact that motif composition is a very high dimensional representation of a sequence, that most classes of enzymes can be classified using a handful of motifs, yielding accurate and interpretable classifiers. The enzyme data falls into a large number of classes; we find that the one-against-the-rest multi-class method works better than the one-against-one method on this data.
Teletherapy with serious mental illness populations during COVID-19: telehealth conversion and engagement

The COVID-19 pandemic completely changed daily lives and psychotherapy clinical operations. Treatment engagement with serious mental illness (SMI) populations is inherently challenging. COVID-19 ma...
A Novel Platform Using RNA Signatures To Accelerate Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The rise of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens can be attributed to the lack of a rapid pathogen identification (ID) or antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), resulting in delayed therapeutic decisions at the point-of-care. Gonorrhea is usually empirically treated with no AST results available before treatment, thus contributing to the rapid rise in drug resistance. Herein we present a rapid AST platform using RNA signatures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). RNA-seq followed by bioinformatic tools were applied to explore potential markers in the transcriptome profile of NG upon minutes of azithromycin exposure. Validation of candidate markers using qRT-PCR showed that two markers (arsR (NGO1562) and rpsO) can deliver accurate AST results across 14 tested isolates. Further validation of our susceptibility threshold in comparison to MIC across 64 more isolates confirmed the reliability of our platform. Our RNA markers combined with emerging molecular point-of-care systems has the potential to greatly accelerate both ID and AST to inform treatment.
Cycled Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Hyperbaric oxygen provided with a device that cycles oxygen from high pressure to low pressure increased the likelihood of complete healing of diabetic foot ulcers when combined with standard dressing and an offloading boot.
Biomechanical Comparison of a Novel Method of Tricortical Kirschner Wire Fixation of Distal Chevron Osteotomies of the First Metatarsal Versus Traditional Kirschner Wire and Versus Screw Fixation.

Introduction:Traditional Kirschner wire (K-wire) stabilization of first metatarsal distal chevron osteotomy involves 1 cortex of fixation; however, unicortical fixation is associated with a high co...
A Known-Groups Validation of the Medical Symptom Validity Test and Analysis of the Genuine Memory Impairment Profile:

This study cross-validated the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample and examined its accuracy for identifying invalid neuropsychological performance using a known...
An outbreak of xenophobia: Perceived discrimination and anxiety in Chinese American college students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, reports of xenophobic and racist incidents directed at Chinese Americans have escalated. The present study adds further understanding to potential psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing self-reported questionnaire data from two groups of Chinese students attending a public university in western United States: the group who participated in the study before the outbreak of COVID-19 (Pre-COVID, N = 134), and the group who participated at the beginning (during-COVID, N = 64). The aim of the study was to: (a) compare mean differences in perceived discrimination and anxiety between the two groups, (b) test whether COVID-19 moderated the link between perceived discrimination and anxiety, and (c) examine whether media exposure portraying Chinese individuals negatively mediated relations between COVID-19 and discrimination. Results showed that the During-COVID group reported higher perceived discrimination and anxiety than the Pre-COVID group. The link between perceived discrimination and anxiety was stronger for the During-COVID group. Mediation analyses suggested that negative Chinese media exposure partly accounted for the group difference in perceived discrimination. Results suggest that future studies on the psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic should consider the role of discrimination in understanding the mental health of Chinese American college students.
Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of P3HT/Fullerene Blends For Photovoltaic Applications

Organic solar cells, comprised of P3HT-fullerene blends, have the potential for photovoltaic energy applications. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanical behavior of these devices, and how this behavior can be tailored for optimal organic solar cell performance and device reliability. Therefore, a recently developed computational approach that is based on a constitutive representation of semi-crystalline polymers and fullerenes is used to identify the dominant morphological and microstructural characteristics that would affect the mechanical behavior of the active layer. The predictions indicate that stress and dislocation-density accumulation in interfacial regions and tie molecules play a significant role on the overall behavior.