cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marginalized Epistemologies: A Feminist Approach to Understanding the Experiences of Mothers With HIV

This article reports on an exploratory study of the privileging and marginalization of spiritual and bodily knowledge identified in the transcripts of focus group meetings of mothers with HIV. It describes bodily and spiritual knowledge and the themes that emerged, including mothering, addiction, recovery, stress, faith, and prayer. It also emphasizes the relationship between social marginalization and marginalized ways of knowing, focusing on the relevance of epistemological values for social work practice, education, and research.
Temporary elimination of orthostatic hypotension by norepinephrine infusion

A cardinal manifestation of chronic autonomic failure is neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH), which often is associated with supine hypertension, posing a therapeutic dilemma. We report here success in a first step toward development of a “prosthetic baroreceptor system” to maintain blood pressure during orthostasis without worsening supine hypertension. In all of four patients with neurogenic OH, titrated i.v. NE infusion kept directly recorded intra-arterial pressure at or above baseline during progressive head-up tilt. We conclude that titrated i.v. NE infusion temporarily eliminates OH.
Idiopathic unilateral hyperlucent lung in one monozygotic twin.

A case of idiopathic unilateral hyperlucent lung was demonstrated by a bronchogram, a pulmonary angiogram and pathologic findings. Extensive immunologic evaluation revealed no defect in the patient's host resistance. Although an identical twin and other family members had no pulmonary disease, a polygenic type of inheritance is suggested for this disorder because of the preponderance of affected males which is reported in the literature.
Combined therapy for resectable head and neck cancer. A phase 3 intergroup study.

• This Head and Neck Intergroup (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Northern California Oncology Group, and Southeastern Cancer Study Group) phase 3 randomized prospective trial was opened for registration January 1985. It is an evaluation of the role of chemotherapy for previously untreated advanced stage resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. As of March 1, 1988, there has been a total of 535 patients registered. There are 266 patients analyzable with 133 in each treatment group. The surgical, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy toxic reactions are in the tolerable range with the worst toxic reactions reported in those patients receiving both surgery and radiation therapy. Compliance continues to be a major challenge to patient accrual. The most common cause for cases not being randomized involves positive margins of surgical resection. Patient refusal or surgical complications are other common reasons. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:364-368)
Multiple steady states in reactive distillation: kinetic effects

Abstract A model is developed to describe kinetic effects in reactive distillation. A Damkohler number (Da), the ratio of a characteristic residence time to a characteristic reaction time, is the key parameter. A comprehensive picture of solutions is found with arc length continuation methods that trace solution branches as functions of Da, reboil ratio, or reflux ratio. For methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) synthesis in the Jacobs–Krishna column configuration, the model reproduces known solution multiplicities in the limit of reaction equilibrium. In addition to these previously known equilibrium solutions, we report new results concerning the effect of kinetics on solution multiplicity. In particular, isolated solutions branches are found at several values of Da; the isola shrinks and disappears below a critical value of Da. Results for tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) synthesis in a model for the test column of Mohl et al. [Chem. Eng. Sci. 54 (1999) 1029] are in sharp contrast; multiplicities present in the kinetic regime disappear above a critical value of Da for all values of reflux ratio.
Functional properties of the titin/connectin-associated proteins, the muscle-specific RING finger proteins (MURFs), in striated muscle

The efficient functioning of striated muscle is dependent upon the proper alignment and coordinated activities of several cytoskeletal networks including myofibrils, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. However, the exact molecular mechanisms dictating their cooperation and contributions during muscle differentiation and maintenance remain unknown. Recently, the muscle specific RING finger (MURF) family members have established themselves as excellent candidates for linking myofibril components (including the giant, multi-functional protein, titin/connectin), with microtubules, intermediate filaments, and nuclear factors. MURF-1, the only family member expressed throughout development, has been implicated in several studies as an ubiquitin ligase that is upregulated in response to multiple stimuli during muscle atrophy. Cell culture studies suggest that MURF-1 specifically has a role in maintaining titin M-line integrity and yeast two-hybrid studies point toward its participation in muscle stress response pathways and gene expression. MURF-2 is developmentally down-regulated and is assembled at the M-line region of the sarcomere and with microtubules. Functionally, its expression is critical for maintenance of the sarcomeric M-line region, specific populations of stable microtubules, desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments, as well as for myoblast fusion and differentiation. A recent study also links MURF-2 to a titin kinase-based protein complex that is reportedly activated upon mechanical signaling. Finally, MURF-3 is developmentally upregulated, associates with microtubules, the sarcomeric M-line (this report) and Z-line, and is required for microtubule stability and myogenesis. Here, we focus on the biochemical and functional properties of this intriguing family of muscle proteins, and discuss how they may tie together titin-mediated myofibril signaling pathways (perhaps involving the titin kinase domain), biomechanical signaling, the muscle stress response, and gene expression.
The mediating role of innovation on the influence of industry structure and national context on firm performance

Abstract In this study, a model of industry structure and national context is developed and tested to better understand their influence on firm investment in innovation and performance. Archival financial data from 730 companies in 30 countries and 10 industries, along with industry- and national-level data, was collected to test the mediation model and hypotheses. The results of the analyses provide support that both industry structure and national context play an important role influencing firm investment in innovation and performance. In particular, industry dynamism and a country's patent protection were found to be positively related to firm performance. These relationships were mediated by the firm's investment in innovation. The findings of this study support the need to include both industry and national effects in international strategy research. Additionally, the role that information technology (IT) has on these variables, through the globalization issues of coordination, communication, and competition, is explored.
Transporter and ion channel gene expression after caco-2 cell differentiation using 2 different microarray technologies

mRNA expression profiles had previously been measured in Caco-2 cells (human colonic carcinoma cells) using either custom-designed spotted oligonucleotide arrays or Affymetrix GeneChip oligonucleotide arrays. The Caco-2 cells used were from different clones and were examined under slightly different culture conditions commonly encountered when Caco-2 cells are used as a model tissue for studying intestinal transport and metabolism in different laboratories. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of Caco-2 cells generated with different arrays to assess the validity of conclusions derived from the 2 independent studies, with a focus on changes in transporter and ion channel mRNA expression levels on Caco-2 cell differentiation. Significant changes in expression levels upon differentiation were observed with 78 genes, with probes common to both arrays. Of these, 18 genes were upregulated and 36 genes were downregulated. The 2 arrays yielded discrepant results for 24 genes, showing significant changes upon differentiation. The results from the 2 arrays correlated well for genes expressed above average levels (r=0.75,P 0.05, n=25). Overall correlation across the 2 platforms wasr=0.45 (P<0.01) for the 78 genes, with similar results from both arrays. Despite differences in experimental conditions and array technology, similar results were obtained for most genes.
Indoor air pollutants in homes and schools

Children in the United States spend most of their time indoors, which means that their primary exposure to air pollution comes from breathing the air inside homes and schools rather than the air outdoors. The US Environmental Protection Agency has set standards for six criteria air pollutants in the outdoor air. 54 In the United States, however, there are no federal standards for air pollutants in the indoor environment. It may come as a surprise to many pediatricians that the air in homes and schools is completely unregulated. What is a pediatrician to do when faced in the clinic with a parent who brings in laboratory results from a home or school showing indoor measurements of air pollutants performed by an industrial hygiene firm? How is the clinician to judge what values are considered acceptable and what values are alarming? In the absence of federal guidelines, it may be difficult for the practitioner to make educated judgments and to provide appropriate advice to parents. Four indoor air pollutants (carbon monoxide, environmental tobacco smoke, mold spores, and mercury vapor) are among the most important indoor air pollutants for pediatricians to consider because excessive exposure to these four pollutants may lead to severe illness or death in some children. 25 Each of these is addressed in this article, and advice is offered for history taking, laboratory measurements, air measurements, and prevention. Because of time constraints, the pediatrician cannot ask parents about each potential exposure at every pediatric visit. 8 Certain indoor air exposures should be considered when a child becomes sick and specific questions in the medical history may help the pediatrician to determine whether further evaluation and testing are necessary. If the history suggests the probability of unusually high exposure to a specific air pollutant, the clinician may have questions about doing additional studies. Guidance is provided for responding to seven common inquiries: What specific questions should be included in the exposure history? Should this pollutant be measured in the indoor air? Should this pollutant be measured in the child's body? What levels in indoor air are acceptable? What levels in a child's body are acceptable? What can be done to reduce this pollutant in the indoor air? What can be done to treat a child who has been exposed?
Polarization characteristics of wire mesh at 119 μm

Polarization characteristics of the transmitted beam through the various sizes of metal wire grid meshes are examined experimentally at 118.8 μm. When these results were compared to Chen's waveguide theory, we obtained excellent agreement. In particular, when the incident beam polarization is neither parallel (TM) nor perpendicular (TE) to the wire grid axis, a linearly polarized incident beam can be made elliptic due to the phase difference between the TE and TM modes.
Artificial Neural Network Approach to Data Matrix Laser Direct Part Marking

Certain applications have recently appeared in industry where a traditional bar code printed on a label will not survive because the item to be tracked has to be exposed to harsh environments. Laser direct-part marking is a manufacturing process used to create permanent marks on a substrate that could help to alleviate this problem. In this research, artificial neural networks were employed to model the laser direct-part marking process of Data Matrix symbols on carbon steel substrates. Several experiments were conducted to study the laser direct-part marking process and to generate data to serve as training, validation and testing data sets in the artificial neural networks modeling process. Two performance measures, mean squared error and correlation coefficient, were utilized to assess the performance of the artificial neural network models. Single-output artificial neural network models corresponding to four performance measures specific to the Data Matrix bar code symbology were found to have good learning and predicting capabilities. The single-output artificial neural network models were compared to equivalent multiple linear regression models for validation purposes. The prediction capability of the single-output artificial neural network models with respect to laser direct-part marking of Data Matrix symbols on carbon steel substrates was superior to that of the multiple linear regression models.
Cosmic ray investigations with an airborne neutron monitor

A neutron monitor has been in operation aboard a magnetic survey aircraft. During a cruise in November, 1958, the latitude effect of the nucleonic component was measured over the same route between Tokyo and the Aleutian Islands as that covered by Sandstrom in February, 1957. Although the two sets of data normalized at Tokyo are in agreement up to approximately 43° N (modified geomagnetic latitude), a change in the shape of the curve had occurred at higher latitudes. The intensity at 55° N had decreased by 13%, and the « knee » had shifted from 47° N to 43° N. The latitude variation of the absorption mean free path was determined from intensityvs. altitude curves at geomagnetic latitudes 50° N, 37° N, 25° N, and 13° N. A change of roughly 10% over a range of primary cut-off rigidity from 2 GV to 15 GV was indicated. Comparison with earlier results of others revealed no appreciable variation of the mean free path during the solar cycle.
Steroid hormones and monolayers.

The amount of water carried by a moving monolayer of stearyl alcohol is altered by addition of electrolytes and steroid hormones to the solution under the film. This is believed to be due to a change in the properties of water immediately adjacent to the film.
The cryoaggregation of bovine serum albumin.

Summary Bovine serum albumin in the native (BSA), reduced (BSA-SH), and combined (BSA-S-NEM) forms was frozen at −5°C. The BSA remained essentially soluble; the BSA-SH and BSA-S-NEM both aggregated nearly completely when allowed to reimbibe water at room temperature but to a smaller degree when allowed to reimbibe just above the freezing point. The BSA-SH aggregate contained both SS and hydrophobic bonds since the SH content was decreased by the freezing, and the aggregate redissolved completely in a mixture of mercaptoethanol and S m urea, but not in either alone. The BSA-S-NEM aggregate redissolved in 8 m urea alone, and, therefore, it contained only hydrophobic bonds. The evidence appears to indicate that aggregation of BSA-SH occurs first because of SS banding, and second because of hydrophobic bonds which form primarily after thawing.
Myosin phosphatase isoforms and related transcripts in the pig coronary circulation and effects of exercise and chronic occlusion.

Abstract Myosin phosphatase (MP) is a key target of signaling pathways that regulate smooth muscle tone and blood flow. Alternative splicing of MP targeting subunit (MYPT1) exon 24 (E24) generates isoforms with variable presence of a C-terminal leucine zipper (LZ) required for activation of MP by NO/cGMP. Here we examined the expression of MP and associated genes in a disease model in the coronary circulation. Female Yucatan miniature swine remained sedentary or were exercise-trained beginning eight weeks after placement of an ameroid constrictor around the left circumflex (LCX) artery. Fourteen weeks later epicardial arteries (~ 1 mm) and resistance arterioles (~ 125 μm) were harvested and assayed for gene expression. MYPT1 isoforms were distinct in the epicardial arteries (E24 −/LZ +) and resistance arterioles (E24 +/LZ −) and unchanged by exercise training or coronary occlusion. MYPT1, CPI-17 and PDE5 mRNA levels were not different between arteries and arterioles while Kir2.1 and eNOS were 6.6-fold and 3.9-fold higher in the arterioles. There were no significant changes in transcript abundance in epicardial arteries of the collateralized (LCX) vs. non-occluded left anterior descending (LAD) territories, or in exercise-trained vs. sedentary pigs. There was a significant 1.2 fold increase in CPI-17 in collateral-dependent arterioles, independent of exercise, and a significant 1.7 fold increase in PDE5 in arterioles from exercise-trained pigs, independent of occlusion. We conclude that differences in MYPT1 E24 (LZ) isoforms, eNOS, and Kir2.1 distinguish epicardial arteries and resistance coronary arterioles. Up-regulation of coronary arteriolar PDE5 by exercise and CPI-17 by chronic occlusion could contribute to altered vasomotor responses and requires further study.
Primary Extradural Tumors of the Spine – Case Review with Evidence-guided Management

Background: Primary extradural tumors of the spine comprise only a small percentage of all spinal tumors. However, given their relative radioresistance and their typical malignant, invasive nature, surgery may be associated with fairly high morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, it may be especially difficult to achieve gross total resections with tumor-free margins.
Preparation of Carotenoid Enriched Vesicles of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol for Use in Raman Studies to Investigate Leaf Canopy Damage

Summary New methods were developed for the semi-preparative isolation of galactolipids (GL) monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG), and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) from Glycine max L. Merr. (soybean) leaf tissue. Model membranes composed of isolated MGDG and DGDG were enriched with the natural carotenoid, lutein and subjected to vibrational spectroscopic analysis as a function of temperature. The carotenoid was introduced to provide a resonance Raman (rR) indicator that would be sensitive to the macroscopic environment of the lipid assembly. The preliminary Infra-red (IR), Raman and rR spectra in the ordered gel phase and in the relatively disordered liquid crystalline (lc) phase of the phospholipid (PL) model membrane system distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and spectra of the GL model membrane systems, that span the temperature range of -30 °C to 0°C, indicate that vesicles prepared by this method provide relevant model membrane systems.
Hyperkeratinization and hyperplasia of the forestomach epithelium in vitamin A deficient rats

Specific pathogen free F-344 rats were kept on a vitamin A deficient diet for 3-5 months. After 3 months on this diet the forestomach epithelium showed a mild atrophy. Stereological cytology showed a marked increase in the volume density of cytoplasmic filament bundles and decrease in the volume density of non-bundled cytoplasmic filaments. The volume fraction of keratohyalin granules increased whereas the volume fraction of membrane coating granules decreased. Some animals maintained for 4-5 months on the hypovitaminic diet exhibited the same mild atrophic forestomach epithelium accompanied by hyperkeratinization. Others showed a marked epithelial atrophy and 4 out of 12 animals revealed a marked hyperplasia with increased 3H thymidine labeling index and several papillomatous proliferations. Although many of these alterations reflect a decrease in proliferation as well as hyperkeratinization, the latter changes were not unlike those produced by known carcinogens, and support the putative important role of vitamin A in both carcinogenesis and chemoprevention.
First-principles ionicity scales. II. Structural coordinates from atomic calculations.

Estimates of atomic size and electronegativity are obtained directly from first-principles calculations of the atomic valence electronic charge density. Significant information about the bonding in the solid state is extracted from the computed atomic parameters, and a first-principles mapping to the semi- empirical Pauling ionicity scale is presented.
Evaporative material removal process with a continuous wave laser

Abstract The formation of a groove by evaporative removal of material from a moving surface subjected to a high energy Gaussian laser beam is considered. The mathematical model is based on a heat conduction model that includes a moving boundary surface from which material is removed by evaporation. The loss of energy is assumed to be due to conduction and convection. The numerical solution is obtained by using a finite element method. Parameters for this process are identified and the effect of such parameters on the shape and size of the groove are presented. The effect of boundary conditions at the bottom surface of the test piece is also discussed.
The absolute velocity as a function of conserved measurable quantities

Abstract A closed form expression is presented for the velocity of an ideal fluid in terms of the density field and its derivatives. The expression, which is simply derived from the β-spiral and thermal wind equations, can be seen to be a differential form of a method for determining the velocity on two separated density surfaces using the properties of constant potential vorticity and Bernoulli function contous on them and of their changes between them. The results may also be related to some general results of thermocline theory. The expression is also generalized to the case of a non-ideal fluid, in which case knowledge of the field of a conservative tracer is required. The usefulness of applying these expressions to realistic noisy oceanic data sets discussed and related to other techniques such as the β-spiral.
Improving neural network models of defect content in complex software systems

Accurately predicting the number of defects in program modules is a major problem in the quality control of large software development efforts. With good estimates early in the software development cycle, software engineers can take actions to avoid or prepare for emerging quality problems. Some source code measures are closely related to the distribution of defects across program modules. Using these relationships, software engineers develop models that provide early defect content estimates. Work with neural network based models has demonstrated their utility for this purpose. In this paper, we expand upon early neural network results for predicting the number of defects in program modules.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of cysteine to cysteic acid oxidation on the collision-activated decomposition of protonated peptides: Evidence for intraionic interactions.

Oxidation of cysteine residues to cysteic acids in C-terminal arginine-eontaining peptides (such as those derived by tryptic digestion of proteins) strongly promotes the formation of multiple members of the Y− series of fragment ions following low energy collision-activated decomposition (CAD) of the protonated peptides, Removal of the arginine residue abolishes the effect, which is also attenuated by conversion of the arginine to dimethylpyrim-idylornithine. The data indicate the importance of an intraionic interaction between the cysteic acid and arginine side-chains. Low energy CAD of peptides which include cysteic acid and histidine residues, also provides evidence for intraionic interactions. It is proposed that these findings are consistent with the general hypothesis that an increased heterogeneity (with respect to location of charge) of the protonated peptide precursor ion population is beneficial to the generation of a high yield of product ions via several charge-directed, low energy fragmentation pathways. Furthermore, these data emphasize the significance of gas-phase conformations of protonated peptides in determining fragmentation pathways.
On Design of Temperature Invariant Physically Unclonable Functions Based on Ring Oscillators

CMOS implementation of Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) facilitates a number of applications ranging from digital rights management, device authentication, counterfeit detection/prevention and cryptographic key generation. Key expectations from such PUF circuits are high (i) uniqueness and (ii) reliability. Uniqueness refers to differentiated responses over challenge-response pairs. Reliability demands unvarying responses under varying environmental conditions such as temperature, supply voltage and noise. This paper describes two methods for achieving the above goals in a ring oscillator based PUF. The first method exploits the negative temperature resistance property of n+ and p+ polysilicon placed as source feedback resistors to de-sensitize ring oscillators to temperature variations. The second method uses an optimized supply voltage (V'DD) to reduce the temperature sensitivity of delay based ring oscillator PUFs. We report an improvement in reliability of 16% by combining these methods. Further, we propose a temperature-invariant ring oscillator PUF architecture based on Serial-Input Serial-Output (SISO) topology. In the proposed design, the relative phase difference between two ring oscillators is translated to a digital response bit. We show that this phase difference based response generation is superior to frequency based response generation in terms of area and power.
Synthesis, larvicidal, QSAR and structural studies of some triorganotin 2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylates

A series of triorganotin 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylates, where R = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl and cyclohexyl, have been synthesized. Elemental analysis, Mossbauer, infrared and NMR spectroscopies were used to characterize their structures. Based on the spectroscopic results, all the complexes in the solid state with the exception of the tricyclohexyl compound were found to be five-coordinated, while the tricyclohexyltin derivative was determined to be four-coordinated. Based on the NMR results, all the complexes in solution have a tetrahedral configuration. Larvicidal activities of the complexes were evaluated against the second instar stage of the Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The toxicity results indicated that this series of triorganotins are effective larvicides against all three species of larvae. In addition, quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) were also developed for each species of larvae. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-Traditional Paths: New International Student Pathways to the Baccalaureate

There is a growing “swirling” trend of students alternating between 2- and 4-year colleges. The non-linear paths traveled by many community college students often take them through multiple colleges and/or through patterns of stop-out and return. Due to the rapid growth of international students pursuing US degrees, this study identifies the demographic composition of international students and investigates their swirling patterns for what may appear as erratic paths. This manuscript includes important implications for practitioners and others at community colleges.
Vibrational interaction in chain molecules

Abstract A linear set of N coupled oscillators is considered as a classical model for a chain molecule. One oscillator in the model corresponds to a specific group vibration which is split into N components due to the interaction between the oscillators. The frequencies are expressed as a function of oscillator and coupling-force constants. Calculations of the relative intensity distribution in the infrared absorption spectrum of such a system show that one would exepct to observe a band series which sometimes has the strongest peak at the lowest frequency. For some models the position of this strongest band is shifted towards lower frequencies with increasing chain length. The calculations are compared with observed spectra.
Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disorders: recall 4 years later.

Abstract The blind test-retest reliability of lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric diagnoses, based on the SADS-L interview and RDC over a three-to-five year period, was examined in 143 probands and their relatives. Reliability of lifetime prevalence of major depression was excellent; reliability of antisocial personality, panic disorder, drug abuse, GAD, depressive personality, and alcoholism was good; reliability of obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobia was acceptable but lower. The reliability of hyperthymia or cyclothymia was not acceptable. Reliability for major depression did not vary substantially by age or sex of the informant, but recall of major depression was significantly higher in the probands than in their relatives. The test-retest reliability for the age of onset of major depression and panic disorder was was excellent, and for phobia, GAD and alcoholism, was acceptable. Both probands and relatives recalled the age of onset of their depression fairly accurately. However, there was a reduction in agreement over time. Recall after 3–4 yr was better than 5–6 yr. There was a tendency for older respondents to systematically increase the age of onset of their depression across the two interviews, although the increase was only a few years. Recall of age of onset did not differ significantly by sex of respondent or whether the respondent was a proband or relative. These findings are discussed in light of several available studies of reliability of lifetime prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses.
Chicken anemia agent

Chicken anemia agent (CAA) is a small, spherical, non-enveloped virus containing a circular single-stranded DNA genome. CAA remains unclassified and probably should be classified in a new virus family. The chicken is the only recognized natural host for CAA. CAA was initially isolated in Japan and the associated disease chicken infectious anemia described in 1979. The virus has a world-wide distribution and is common in intensive poultry raising areas. Chicken infectious anemia is not a new disease but a newly recognized disease. CAA is now thought to play a key role in several multiple etiology disease syndromes; hemorrhagic syndrome; aplastic anemia, gangrenous dermatitis, hemorrhagic anemia syndrome, hemorrhagic aplastic anemia syndrome, anemia dermatitis and blue wing disease. The pathogenesis of chicken infectious anemia is described. Vertical transmission appears to be more important than horizontal spread. A yellow fatty bone marrow is the most characteristic lesion and thymic atrophy is the most consistent finding in CAA infection. Thymic and bone marrow intranuclear inclusion bodies occur with infection but are of limited value diagnostically and are very transient and rarely seen. Five different disease-producing scenarios that lead to clinical CAA infection in young chickens are presented.
Representation of the Fourier Transform by Fourier Series

The analysis of the mathematical structure of the integral Fourier transform shows that the transform can be split and represented by certain sets of frequencies as coefficients of Fourier series of periodic functions in the interval $$[0,2\pi)$$ . In this paper we describe such periodic functions for the one- and two-dimensional Fourier transforms. The approximation of the inverse Fourier transform by periodic functions is described. The application of the new representation is considered for the discrete Fourier transform, when the transform is split into a set of short and separable 1-D transforms, and the discrete signal is represented as a set of short signals. Properties of such representation, which is called the paired representation, are considered and the basis paired functions are described. An effective application of new forms of representation of a two-dimensional image by splitting-signals is described for image enhancement. It is shown that by processing only one splitting-signal, one can achieve an enhancement that may exceed results of traditional methods of image enhancement.
Standard Model Higgs Boson Searches at CDF

We present recent results from searches for a standard model Higgs boson by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron pp¯ collider with the full Run II data set. An excess of events above the expected background is observed and is the strongest in the associated production search channels where the Higgs is produced together with a W or Z boson, and then decays to a bottom-antibottom quark pair, with a global significance of 2.5σ. Both limits and best fit values of the Higgs production cross section are presented. For a Higgs mass of 125GeV/c2, the best agreement with data in the (σWH+σZH)×Br(H→bb¯)=291±113118fb.
Tracing digital thyroid culture: poster

In this poster presentation, the author traces health communication in online spaces, especially conversations about hypothyroidism on Twitter. Specifically, the author looks at how participants on Twitter use the hashtag #hypothyroidism for patient agency and advocacy. The strength of ties between #hypothyroidism (the Twitter hashtag) and the actors necessary for its existence is also discussed. This poster presentation argues that Twitter can strengthen patient agency and advocacy in both online and offline relationships between hypothyroidism patients and healthcare professionals. Patient agency and advocacy is accomplished because Twitter helps to build communities of support between and among patients and professionals through the immediacy and accessibility of information.
On Another Go-Back-N ARQ Technique for High Error Rate Conditions

A modification to the basic Go-Back- N ARQ error control technique is described which yields improved throughput efficiency performance for all block error rates.
Dilithio acetoacetate as an acetone enolate equivalent

Abstract Dilithio acetoacetate, which can be generated from acetoacetic acid and n-butyllithium, undergoes alkylation followed by facile decar☐ylation to give methyl ketones.
Total Carbohydrate and Glycogen Content of the Developing Honeybee.

SummaryThe changes in the concentration of the total carbohydrate, glycogen, and free reducing sugar have been investigated during the larval and pupal development of the worker honeybee. The following results have been obtained :1. During larval development there is a marked increase in the total carbohydrate and glycogen.2. During the pupal period both the total carbohydrate and glycogen decrease. At the time of emergence a very small amount of carbohydrate reserve remains.3. In addition to glycogen, there is in the tissues of the immature honeybee a reserve carbohydrate which is convertible, by acid hydrolysis, to reducing sugar.4. Free reducing sugar is found in the tissues of larval and pupal honeybees.
Acute Kidney Injury in the Critically Ill, Morbidly Obese Patient: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Unique Patient Population

The growing burden of morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m²) on critical care resources translates to a significant incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in morbidly obese (MO), critically ill patients. This article examines the literature pertinent to AKI in critically ill MO patients. After a concise review of the available epidemiologic data regarding the incidence of acute renal injury in MO individuals, the authors review the limitations and available tools for estimation of renal function in the MO population (with emphasis on the critical illness). Also described are several specific types of renal injury previously described in this population that are applicable to the critical care setting. Lastly, the authors review some of the challenges and limitations in providing renal support to critically ill MO individuals, and identify potential areas for future research in this population.
Role of metal–molecule chemistry and interdiffusion on the electrical properties of an organic interface: The Al–F16CuPc case

The chemistry and electronic structure of interfaces between Al and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) are studied via x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), and current–voltage measurements. Electron injection barriers measured by UPS are reported. Analysis of the Al–F16CuPc reaction shows the formation of a phase of three-dimensional (F16CuPc)3Al species. The reacted region is extended at the Al-on-F16CuPc interface and narrow at the F16CuPc-on-Al interface. A series of metal/F16CuPc/metal structures is fabricated to study the impact of the interface chemistry and deposition sequence on device performances. It is found that (F16CuPc)3Al forms a low conductivity region, which has considerable bearing on the electron current. The interface fabrication sequence, which defines the thickness of the reacted region, therefore has a profound impact on device performance.
Temperature dependence of three-body association reactions

Abstract We give a general discussion of the temperature dependence of three-body association reactions with particular emphasis on the low-temperature behavior. A functional form that can be used to fit data for these types of reactions is given.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study

Background: Colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer in the United States, has a natural history that usually encompasses several decades. Dietary components have been implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer, perhaps through their effect on inflammation. Methods: We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict colorectal cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a 121-item food frequency questionnaire in this cohort of 34,703 women, ages 55 to 69 years, free of any self-reported prior malignancy at enrollment in 1986. Incident colorectal cancer cases were identified through linkage with the State Health Registry of Iowa (a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program member). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs. Through the end of 2010, 1,636 incident colorectal cancers were identified, including 1,329 colon and 325 rectal cancers. Results: Multivariable analysis, adjusting for body mass index, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, hormone replacement therapy, education, diabetes, and total energy intake, revealed positive associations between higher DII and colorectal cancer risk [HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.07 per unit increase in DII (corresponding to 0.5 SD unit increase); 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.13; HR for DIIquintiles: Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01–1.43]. HRs for DII were similar for colon cancer and rectal cancer, though not statistically significant for rectal cancer. Conclusions: These results indicate that a proinflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, was associated with higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. Impact: Proinflammatory diets are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2383–92. ©2014 AACR .
Relationship of spontaneous regional lymph node metastases to dose of local irradiation of primary B16 melanomas.

We evaluated the effects of local X-irradiation on microscopic or small macroscopic primary melanomas in the feet of C57BL/6 mice and the subsequent development of spontaneous femoral lymph node (LN) metastases. Doses of 30, 40, 55, 62.5, or 72.5 Gy often cured the foot tumor and metastases to regional femoral lymph nodes were relatively uncommon. Doses of 3.75, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy were associated with a dose-dependent regrowth delay of the foot tumor treated at microscopic size. Foot melanomas that were not cured spread to regional femoral LNs more frequently ( P < 0.001). The relative risk of developing femoral LN metastasis increased 2.55 times for each 1-mm increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the primary foot tumor in mice with 20 days of primary tumor exposure and increased 4.87 times for each 1-mm increase in mice with 100 days of primary tumor exposure. Although tumors treated with subcurative doses of irradiation had a longer period of time to metastasize to regional LNs for each 1-mm increase in primary tumor size, this variable alone did not account for the increased incidence of metastasis seen with irradiation.
Tissue-Specific Expression of the β-Subunit of Tryptophan Synthase in Camptotheca acuminata , an Indole Alkaloid-Producing Plant

Camptothecin is an anticancer drug produced by the monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway in Camptotheca acuminata. As part of an investigation of the camptothecin biosynthetic pathway, we have cloned and characterized a gene from C. acuminata encoding the beta-subunit of tryptophan (Trp) synthase (TSB). In C. acuminata TSB provides Trp for both protein synthesis and indole alkaloid production and therefore represents a junction between primary and secondary metabolism. TSB mRNA and protein were detected in all C. acuminata organs examined, and their abundance paralleled that of camptothecin. Within each shoot organ, TSB was most abundant in vascular tissues. Within the root, however, TSB expression was most abundant in the outer cortex. TSB has been localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis, but there was little expression of TSB in C. acuminata tissues where the predominant plastids were photosynthetically competent chloroplasts. Expression of the promoter from the C. acuminata TSB gene in transgenic tobacco plants paralleled expression of the native gene in C. acuminata in all organs except roots. TSB is also highly expressed in C. acuminata during early seedling development at a stage corresponding to peak accumulation of camptothecin, consistent with the idea that Trp biosynthesis and the secondary indole alkaloid pathway are coordinately regulated.
A phase 1 clinical trial of sequential pralatrexate followed by a 48-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil given every other week in adult patients with solid tumors

Pralatrexate (PDX) is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase that was rationally designed to improve cellular uptake and retention of the drug. Preclinical data have shown synergy with the sequential administration of a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor followed 24 hours later by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).Twenty-seven patients were enrolled at 1 of 5 PDX dose levels from 75 to 185 mg/m(2) on day 1 followed 24 hours later by 5-FU at a dose of 3000 mg/m(2) /48 hours every 2 weeks with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Baseline blood was collected for pharmacogenetic analysis of polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase.Mucositis was the most common dose-limiting toxicity. When the worst toxicities across all cycles were considered, grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were found to have occurred in 14.8%, 14.8%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Grade 2 to 3 toxicities included mucositis (66.6%), dehydration (33.3%), fatigue (25.9%), and diarrhea (22.2%). Version 3.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria was used to grade toxicities The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 112 days (range, 28-588 days). Seven patients (26%) had a PFS of >180 days (5 patients with colorectal cancer, 1 patient with pancreatic cancer, and 1 patient with non-small cell lung cancer). Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase did not correlate with toxicity.The recommended dose of PDX was 148 mg/m(2) . A subset of heavily pretreated patients had PFS durations of ≥6 months with this regimen.
Molecular pharmacology of topiramate: managing seizures and preventing migraine

Topiramate is a neuromodulatory compound with stabilizing properties that was initially introduced for the management of partial seizures. Topiramate has been demonstrated to modify several receptor-gated and voltage-sensitive ion channels, including voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and non-NMDA receptors. These receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both epilepsy and migraine. The pharmacological mechanisms of action for topiramate that may explain its antiepileptic and migraine preventive activities will be discussed in this review. In addition, the potential relationship between the molecular activities of topiramate and its efficacy in epilepsy and migraine prevention will be emphasized.
Characterization of a Novel Gain of Function Glucocorticoid Receptor Knock-in Mouse

Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert profound influences on many physiologic functions by virtue of their diverse roles in growth, development, and maintenance of homeostasis. We previously created a novel gain of function in the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR), hGRM604L, which is active at GC concentrations 5–10-fold lower than wild-type GR. To gain a greater insight into GC physiology in vivo, we inserted this mutant GR (GRM610L in mice) into mice via homologous recombination. Mice expressing the allele are phenotypically normal with respect to GC function. However, corticosterone levels, ACTH levels, and adrenocortical size are markedly reduced, suggesting they are phenotypically normal because the mutant GR alters the basal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We demonstrate via physiologic and immunologic studies that GRM610L mice have increased sensitivity to GCs in vivo. Sensitivity to the actions of endogenous GCs may be an important factor underlying the development of many human diseases including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Our model may provide a new and powerful tool for the study of GC physiological and pathological processes in vivo.
Statistical variations in VCO phase noise due to upconverted MOSFET 1/f noise

Statistical phase noise analysis and measurements are presented for a population of RF CMOS VCOs. The measured mean values for phase noise at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies are -46 dBc/Hz and -130 dBc/Hz respectively. However a large variation from the mean (+/-3 dBc/Hz) is observed for the close-in phase noise. This variation is attributed to the upconverted transistor 1/f noise and its statistical nature. Phase noise simulations employing two versions of models with 1/f noise statistics have been run and compared to measurement. The improved noise model which accounts for the bias dependence of noise variability shows excellent agreement with measured data, while the early model with no bias dependence overpredicts the phase noise variations.
Role of Electron - Phonon Scattering Towards Thermal Conductivity at Low Temperatures in Semiconducting Systems

It is shown that the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of doped semiconductors in the intermediate concentration region of doping can be explained by applying the theory of scattering of phonons by electrons. Using inhomogeneity model, the number of electrons in bound and conduction band region is calculated. The values of deformation potential and the density-of-states effective mass, both determined from our work, will be compared with experimental values. The effect of scattering of phonons by the defects, system's boundary, electrons, and impurities will be included in the current calculations.