cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The structure of the inner arcsecond of R Aquarii observed with the Hubble Space Telescope

The inner arcsec of R Aquarii has been observed with the Faint Object Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. A simple and reliable linear deconvolution method is used to resolve the two features, designated C1 and C2 from radio observations, into several condensations. C1 is composed of four objects, designated C1a, C1b located at 0.099 arcsec from C1a, C3 at 0.162 arcsec from C1a, and C4 at 0.137 arcsec from C1a. The source C3, detected at 2 cm in the radio and in H-alpha, might be the V = 6-11 Mira variable. The nature of feature C4 is still unknown. Features C1a and C1b have not been resolved by another instrument, and it might be possible that the hot star is one of the two or a nearby nondetected object.
Lignin and Fiber Compositional Changes in Forages Over a Growing Season and Their Effects on In Vitro Digestibility

Abstract The composition of lignin and fiber was investigated in three forages, alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) hays, and the vegetative parts of corn ( Zea mays ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants collected over the 1982 growing season to determine how lignin in different plants changes with plant growth and how this relates to changes in fiber and digestibility measures. The composition of lignin (by nitrobenzene oxidation) varied with the plant, harvesting frequency, and maturity, although changes were often more pronounced early in the growing season. Fiber composition and in vitro digestibility varied, but variability was spread over the entire growing season. Coefficients of determination between lignin components and fiber or digestibility measurements were highly forage dependent. The best predictor (among lignin components) of NDF or ADF or lignin content was p-hydroxybenzaldehyde for alfalfa, a mixture (acetovanillone and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol) for corn plant and orchardgrass, and syringic acid for tall fescue and wheat plant. Similarly, the best predictor of digestibility by a lignin component was the mixed component for alfalfa and orchardgrass and syringic acid for the others.
STRESS RELAXATION BEHAVIOR IN PWHT OF WELDED COMPONENTS

This paper is focused on the discussion of weld residual stress relaxation in a uniform post weld heat treatment (PWHT). In particular, the paper is attempted to address a fundamental issue related to the PWHT stress relaxation behavior, i.e., what is the dominant stress relaxation mechanism in PWHT? Is it due to creep or material strength reduction at elevated temperature? The paper starts with a simplified 3-bar weld model to demonstrate how weld residual stress is developed and relaxed. It then follows with an example of thick section narrow groove weld to highlight the results and conclusions. The results clearly indicate that creep mechanism plays a dominant role in the stress relaxation of PWHT. Several other important observations related to the stress relaxation are also summarized.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Junk bonds and corporate America: Revisiting the Yago/Brock debate

The recent exchange between Glenn Yago and James W. Brock over the junk‐bond buyouts of the 1980s missed the mark on a number of points. In reality, neither the buyouts nor their sudden near‐cessation contributed materially to the recession of 1990–91. The buyout wave did not end primarily because of new restrictive regulations. The buyouts had no appreciable effect on real capital formation. And the increased rate of bankruptcies resulting from the buyouts left the economy's overall efficiency unimpaired.
Ventral hernia repair using allogenic acellular dermal matrix in a swine model

This study was designed to assess the long-term efficacy of allogenic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) used as an interpositional graft for ventral hernia repair in a swine model. We created 12×4-cm full-thickness abdominal wall defects in 22 Yucatan miniature pigs. The defect was repaired with either two 6×4-cm pieces of AlloDerm (acellular dermal matrix processed from pig skin in order to avoid a xenogenic response, LifeCell Corporation, Branchburg, NJ USA) (n=12), or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh (ePTFE) (Gore-Tex, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Newark, DE USA) (n=10). In six pigs, a separate 3-cm fascial incision was made, which was then suture repaired as a control for tensiometry testing. The surgical sites were evaluated at either 3 months or 9 months for the presence of a hernia, stretching of the implant, adhesions, vascularity, and biomechanical strength. Two hernias occurred in both the ADM and the ePTFE groups. There was minimal stretching of the implants and minimal adhesions in both groups. Fluorescein testing and histology indicated vascular ingrowth into the ADM. There was no statistical difference between the mean breaking strengths of the ADM-fascial interface (106.5 N±SD 40.1), the interface between two pieces of ADM (149.1 N±SD 76.7), and the primary fascial repair (108.1 N±SD 20.9) at 9 months. The ADM-fascial interface had a significantly higher breaking strength than that of the ePTFE-fascia interface (66.1 N±SD 30.1) (P=0.017, t-test, P=0.043 Wilcoxon rank sum test). In this study, we were unable to demonstrate a difference between ADM and ePTFE in their ability to repair ventral hernias at 9 months in a swine model. The ADM additionally supports vascular ingrowth and exhibits increased breaking strength at the fascia-implant interface.
Steady state self-diffusion at low density

We prove that the motion of a test particle in a hard sphere fluid in thermal equilibrium converges, in the Boltzmann-Grad limit, to the stochastic process governed by the linear Boltzmann equation. The convergence is in the sense of weak convergence of the path measures. We use this result to study the steady state of a binary mixture of hard spheres of different colors (but equal masses and diameters) induced by color-changing boundary conditions. In the Boltzmann-Grad limit the steady state is determined by the stationary solution of the linear Boltzmann equation under appropriate boundary conditions.
Chronic low-level nitrogen dioxide exposure and mucociliary clearance.

Mucociliary clearance in the rat was studied by a new technique permitting repeated measurements over a period of several months. Two transport parameters were used: a first edge time (FET) and a 20% transport time (TPTT). When an animal was untreated, the FET and TPTT did not change significantly. A mean mucociliary velocity of 8.14 ± 4.01 mm/min was obtained from the FET measurements in 77 untreated rats. A six-week exposure to 6 ppm of nitrogen dioxide, (NO2) caused a significant increase in both parameters of transport despite large individual variations. In animals demonstrating a depression in mucociliary transport, there was no apparent abnormality and the functional impairment induced by NO2 was reversible within seven days.
Dynamic local unfolding in the serpin α-1 antitrypsin provides a mechanism for loop insertion and polymerization

The conformational plasticity of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) underlies both their activities as protease inhibitors and their susceptibility to pathogenic misfolding and aggregation. Here, we structurally characterize a sheet-opened state of the serpin α-1 antitrypsin (α₁AT) and show how local unfolding allows functionally essential strand insertion. Mutations in α₁AT that cause polymerization-induced serpinopathies map to the labile region, suggesting that the evolution of serpin function required sampling of high risk conformations on a dynamic energy landscape.
Quasi-two-dimensional crystal growth on structureless 3-methylmethoxy-nitrostilbene thin films

Abstract Quasi-two-dimensional growth of the organic molecular crystal 3-methyl-4-methoxy-nitrostilbene is reported. The growth takes place on the surface of glassy thin films of the same material when heated. This method differs from solidification from the melt, since the molecular mobility is reduced. Crystallization patterns familiar from diffusive aggregation were observed, although the growth mechanism is not believed to be diffusive. The patterns correspond to those in previous work involving crystallization in the presence of unit cell anisotropy. Novel patterns were also observed. These patterns suggest that an electric field has influenced the growth.
Preimmigration Family Cohesion and Drug/Alcohol Abuse Among Recent Latino Immigrants

Given the growing population of Latino immigrants in the United States, it is critical for counselors to understand pre- and postimmigration social contextual factors affecting the mental health of...
KINETICS OF TRIPLET OXIDATION OF METALLO‐PORPHYRIN COMPOUNDS TO THEIR CORRESPONDING RADICAL CATIONS

— The kinetics of photooxidation of triplets of metalloporphyrin compounds to their corresponding radical cations was investigated. Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) and Mg-tetraphenylpor-phyrin (MgTPP) triplets were oxidized by europium salt with rate constants of 4.8 × 105M-1s-1 and 2.1 × 106M-1s-1, respectively. The high rate constant of oxidation of MgTPP triplet might be related to the ground state oxidation potential, being 0.54 V (SCE) for the Mg complex and 0.71 (SCE) for the Zn complex. The rate constant of oxidation of ZnTPP excited singlet is in the order of diffusion control, i.e. ˜ 1010M -1 s-1. Excitation of ferric, cupric, cobaltic, and vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrin did not result in a long-lived triplet state that would allow oxidation studies using flash photolysis.
Implementation of Peer Support Demonstration Project for HIV+ Caribbean Immigrants: A Descriptive Paper

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to describe the Caribbean HIV Evaluation Support demonstration program, a five-site HRSA-funded demonstration project that aimed to implement a peer support intervention to help HIV-positive Caribbeans living in the United States. This paper provides a framework of the demonstration including the rationale for the program, program requirements, and eligibility of participants. In addition, this paper describes each of the five programs including, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Community Healthcare Network, New York, NY; University of Miami, Miami, FL; and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. The background of each program description includes: setting, theoretical frameworks, peer training, client recruitment & staffing and content of the intervention. Finally, lessons learned including the utility and feasibility of the peer-support intervention program is identified at the closing.
Trajectories of the Nobel Peace Prize

Trajectories are defined as constructs used in geopolitical discourses at all levels – formal, practical and popular. Each trajectory consists of a particular scaling of here, a particular scaling of there, and a particular causal hypothesis about how the two are linked. Norwegian discourses about the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize provide examples of trajectories. These discourses reveal certain assumptions about the motives and outcomes framed in terms of trajectories, as well as closely associated types of emotion and affect. By employing the concept of the trajectory, geographers can better understand geopolitical discourses, their construction of scale and causality, as well as their dependency on the in-between spaces of emotion and affect.
Geochemical evidence for variations in delivery and deposition of sediment in Pleistocene light–dark color cycles under the Benguela Current Upwelling System

Abstract Distinctive light–dark color cycles in sediment beneath the Benguela Current Upwelling System indicate repetitive alternations in sediment delivery and deposition. Geochemical proxies for paleoproductivity and for depositional conditions were employed to investigate the paleoceanographic processes involved in creating these cycles in three mid-Pleistocene intervals from ODP Sites 1082 and 1084. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) vary between 3.5 and 17.1%. Concentrations of CaCO3 vary inversely to TOC and Al, which suggests that both carbonate dissolution and terrigenous dilution contribute to the light–dark cycles. Opal concentrations are independent of both TOC and CaCO3, therefore eliminating diatom production and lateral transport of shelf material as causes of the light–dark cycles. δ13Corg and δ15Ntot values do not vary across light–dark sediment intervals, implying that the extent of relative nutrient utilization did not change. The stable δ15Ntot values represent a balanced change in nitrate supply and export production and therefore indicate that productivity was elevated during deposition of the TOC-rich layers. Parallel changes in concentrations of indicator trace elements and TOC imply that changes in organic matter delivery influenced geochemical processes on the seafloor by controlling consumption of pore water oxygen. Cu, Ni, and Zn are enriched in the darker sediment as a consequence of greater organic matter delivery. Redox-sensitive metals vary due to loss (Mn and Ba) or enrichment (Mo) under reducing conditions created by TOC oxidation. Organic matter delivery impacts subsequent geochemical changes such as carbonate dissolution, sulfate reduction and the concentration of metals. Thus, export production is considered ultimately responsible for the generation of the color cycles.
Views from the Margins: Voices, Silences, and Suffering

This paper looks at marginalization in two realms: chronic illness and qualitative research. It conceptualizes marginalization through examining stories about experiencing chronic illness. Marginalization means boundaries or barriers, distance or separation, and division or difference. Marginalization assumes a core of enacted rules and measures that frame the social lives and subjective realities of those who do not fit. Being marginalized causes suffering but can transform stigmatized people and qualitative researchers. Qualitative psychologists can embrace the freedom marginalization allows and construct a separate community that ultimately moves inquiry away from established margins. The paper ends with ideas for increasing the transformative power of qualitative research.
Phenomenological Model of Strong and Weak Interactions in Chiral U ( 3 ) ⊗ U ( 3 )

A phenomenological model for the strong and weak interactions of an octet or nonet of pseudoscalar mesons in chiral $U(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(3)$ is constructed and discussed. In this model one can study the effect that the partially conserved axial-vector current hypothesis (PCAC) and the transformation properties of the interaction Lagrangian in chiral $U(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(3)$ have on the transition amplitudes for various meson processes. The processes considered in this paper are the leptonic and nonleptonic decays of $K$ mesons, the strong interaction decay ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}(959)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}(549)+2\ensuremath{\pi}$, the $s$- and $p$-wave scattering lengths for pion-nucleon scattering, and meson-meson scattering. Low-energy pion-pion scattering is discussed as an illustration of the fact that for processes involving more than one soft pion, PCAC and the algebra of currents are not sufficient to give unique results in general.
Vehicle detection from high-resolution satellite imagery using morphological shared-weight neural networks

High-resolution satellite imagery has recently become a new data source for extraction of small-scale objects such as vehicles. Very little vehicle detection research has been done using high-resolution satellite imagery where panchromatic band resolutions are presently in the range of 0.6-1.0m. Given the limited spatial resolution, reliable vehicle detection can only be achieved by incorporating contextual information. Here, a GIS road vector map is used to constrain a vehicle detection system to road networks. We used a morphological shared-weight neural network (MSNN) to learn an implicit vehicle model and classify pixels into vehicles and non-vehicles. A vehicle image base library was built by collecting more than 300 cars manually from test images. Strategies to reduce the false alarms and select target centroids were designed. Experimental results indicate that the MSNN performed very well. The detection rate on both training and validation sites exceeded 85% with very few false alarms. By learning the implicit vehicle model through a MSNN, our method outperforms a baseline blob detection method.
Electromyographic activity of selected trunk muscles during dynamic spine stabilization exercises

Abstract Souza GM, Baker LL, Powers CM. Electromyographic activity of selected trunk muscles during spine stabilization exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1551-7. Objectives: To compare the electromyographic activity of the trunk flexors and extensors during 2 spine stabilization exercises and to evaluate the changes in muscle activity with increasing levels of exercise difficulty. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Twelve healthy subjects without history of lower back pain. Intervention: Subjects were instructed how to perform the Dying Bug and the Quadruped exercises. Electromyographic and motion data were recorded from each muscle group during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyographic recordings of the erector spinae, rectus abdominus, abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscles. Results: During the Dying Bug exercise, the trunk flexors (rectus abdominus, abdominal oblique) were equally active and demonstrated proportional increases in electromyographic activity with increasing level of exercise difficulty. In the Quadruped exercise, significantly greater electromyographic activity was observed in the abdominal oblique compared with the rectus abdominus; however, abdominal oblique activity did not change with increasing level of difficulty. The erector spinae and gluteus maximus demonstrated a significant level effect and were most active during elevation of the ipsilateral leg. At no point did activity of any of the muscles studied exceed 41% of the MVIC. Conclusions: Results indicated the Dying Bug exercise predominantly recruited the abdominal musculature, while greater activity was observed in the trunk and hip extensors during the Quadruped exercise. The relatively low levels of electromyographic activity observed in both exercises suggests that the intensity of muscle recruitment is not likely sufficient to provide a strengthening effect in healthy subjects. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The incidence and relationship of cervical spine anomalies in patients with cleft lip and/or palate

The relationship, incidence, and distribution of cervical spine anomalies were assessed in 468 patients with cleft lip and/or palate. The patients were placed into four groups: lip and/or alveolar; complete unilateral or bilateral; isolated palatal; and soft palate or submucous clefts. Cervical anomalies were observed in 22% of the cleft patients and in 7% of the noncleft group. Patients with soft palate and submucous clefts had the highest incidence of vertebral anomalies (45%), whereas patients with cleft lip and/or alveolus had an incidence similar to the noncleft group. Patients with complete unilateral and bilateral clefts also had a higher incidence (15.6% to 19.0%) of anomalies than the noncleft group. Cervical anomalies occurred primarily in the occipital-C1–C2 region. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Some titanium germanium and silicon compounds: Reaction and properties

Titanium reacts with pure Ge in two different ways: At low temperatures one observes the formation of Ti6Ge5 with some characteristics typical of diffusion-controlled reaction. Upon completion of this first stage Ti6Ge5 reacts with remaining Ge to form TiGe2, isomorphous with C54 TiSi2, in a process which is clearly controlled by nucleation. The same observations apply to reactions with a Ge alloy containing 25 at.% Si. With an alloy containing 50 at.% Si the two stages become merged, so that while remaining identifiable, they are much less distinct than with the previous conditions. The reaction behavior observed with a Ge alloy containing 80 at.% Si resembles that generally obtained with pure Si: there are no easily identifiable steps between the initial Si–Ti sample and the final one, Si–TiSi2. With both the 50-50 and 80-20 Si–Ge alloys the formation of the C54 structure is preceded by that of the C49 structure (ZrSi2 type), as with pure Si. The gradual merging of the diffusion-controlled reaction and that controlled by nucleation as the concentration of Si in the substrate increases implies that nucleation plays a significant role in the formation of TiSi2, even if that role cannot be easily isolated. Effects due to gas impurities on the path of the metal-substrate reaction have been analyzed. The resistivities of several pure and alloyed phases have been measured. Alloy scattering in the system TiSi2–TiGe2 is briefly discussed.
The electronic spectrum of Co(II) in the type 1 site of rhus vernicifera laccase

Abstract The absorption bands of Co(II) bound in the type 1 site of Rhus vernicifera laccase have been resolved by difference spectroscopy in conjunction with a laccase sample containing Hg(II) in the type 1 site. At pH 8 dd band maxima occur at 540 and 595 nm, and the charge transfer maximum occurs at c . 303 nm. The results suggest that the type 1 site in laccase may have a distinctive axial ligand field. In particular, the spread in the visible bands of Co(II) is relatively narrow by comparion with other derivatives, and the charge transfer absorption is hypsochromically shifted as well.
'That Peculiar Voice': Jane Eyre and Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, an Early Wesleyan Female Preacher

AbstractReferences to the plain appearance of Charlotte Bronte's heroine in her first published novel, Jane Eyre, link the character to Wesleyanism, a movement which extended the priesthood of all believers to women and granted them access to the pulpit during the late eighteenth century. The Bronte sisters came under the influence of this movement in their childhood, through the Wesleyan theology of their father's Haworth parsonage. As the autobiographical writings of one Wesleyan preaching figure, Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, make clear, this tradition that shaped Charlotte Bronte and her views about gender linked women's choice of plain dress to John Wesley's expectation that all Wesleyans publicly voice their spiritual experience. This essay explores the relationship between the life and theological concerns of Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, an acquaintance of Charlotte Bronte's father, in order to expose an important clue to the source of Jane's 'peculiar voice', which, as Rochester claims, 'renews hope' and '...
Necrotising fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus in a child without known risk factors.

This case report describes necrotising fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus in a child without pre-existing risk factors. Treatment with ceftazidime and doxycycline, along with surgical debridement, were successful. Early diagnosis and expeditious surgical intervention are life-saving for patients with such infections.
A New Inversion Procedure for Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Using a Genetic Algorithm

A new inversion procedure for spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) using a genetic algorithm (GA) is presented. The inversion process proposed in this study starts by running a forward solution for the Rayleigh dispersion equation, with sets of random inputs, to find the theoretical phase velocities. Then, it continues by finding new and better sets of inputs through processes that mimic natural mating, selection, and mutation in each generation. The goal of the GA is to find the best match between the theoretical and the experimental dispersion curves. Therefore, with each new generation there is a better agreement between the calculated output theoretical dispersion curve and the input experimental dispersion curve. To start the procedure, two options are available, either requesting the GA-based optimization process to obtain shear-wave velocities and thicknesses for each layer, or providing the thicknesses and requesting the optimization process to obtain the best set of shear- wave velocities. The GA part of the procedure is fast, stable, and accurate, with several advantages compared to the traditional methods. The strength and accuracy of the proposed procedure are presented through two example problems. We show that (1) the inversion process using a GA results in a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental dispersion curves, and (2) the shear-wave velocity pro- files obtained from the approach presented in this study and a downhole seismic survey show a good level of agreement.
Phenotypic analysis of splenocyte subsets following acute morphine treatment in the rat.

Abstract Prior studies by our laboratory demonstrated that a single injection of morphine produces dose-dependent, naltrexone-reversible, suppressive effects in assays of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in the spleen. The present study used flow cytometry to assess directly whether acute morphine treatment produces these immune alterations by altering the leukocyte composition of the spleen. In agreement with our previous findings, morphine suppressed the concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation of T cells, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proliferation of B cells, and NK cell cytotoxicity in the spleen. However, the same morphine treatment protocol did not alter the total number of splenic leukocytes, the percentage of live splenic leukocytes (as assessed by forward-scatter versus side-scatter histograms), or the relative number of CD4 + CD3 + T cells, CD8 + CD3 + T cells, CD45RA/B + B cells, NKR-P1A hi CD3 − NK cells, NKR-P1A lo CD3 + T cells, CD11b/c + HIS48 − monocytes/macrophages, or CD11b/c + HIS48 + granulocytes in the spleen. These findings indicate that the effects of a single sc dose of morphine on functional measures of immune status in the spleen do not result from a redistribution of splenic leukocytes; instead, morphine's effects likely result from direct alterations in leukocyte activities.
Arborization of dewlap motoneurons in the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) is not sexually dimorphic

Male anoles extend a bright red throat fan, called a dewlap, during both courtship and aggressive encounters. Female anoles perform this behavior less often than males and only in aggression towards both sexes. The cartilage, muscle fibers, and motoneuron somata controlling the display are larger in males than females. In the present study, we used the Golgi technique in an effort to characterize more completely the morphology of these dewlap motoneurons, and to investigate whether the dendritic arborization is different between the sexes. In addition to describing the morphology, we report that the length of processes, and numbers of primary processes and branch points are comparable in males and females. This similarity in arborization represents an intriguing contrast to other sexually dimorphic neuromuscular systems.
Pediatric asthma assessment: Validation of 2 symptom diaries

Abstract Accurate assessment of the value of asthma interventions in pediatric clinical trials is an essential step toward the improvement of the treatment of this disorder in children. Conventional pulmonary function measures can be infeasible and unreliable in younger children, particularly for use in multisite studies. As an alternative or supplemental approach, diary questionnaires completed by the patients or their caregivers may provide valuable data regarding the efficacy of asthma interventions in pediatric clinical trials. These questionnaires, however, have routinely not been validated for use in pediatric populations. Two pediatric diary questionnaires (the child-completed Pediatric Asthma Diary [PAD] and the parent/caregiver-completed Pediatric Asthma Caregiver Diary [PACD]) were designed to evaluate asthma symptoms in children aged 6 to 14 years and 2 to 5 years, respectively. The validity of these diary questionnaires was evaluated in 2 separate prospective studies that included children who were divided into 2 asthma groups: stable (requiring no additional asthma medication) and unstable (requiring either an increase in or the addition of asthma medication). Both scales displayed significant discriminant validity, construct validity, and responsiveness to change in asthma therapy. Only the PACD detected differences between groups in nighttime symptoms, such as awakenings caused by asthma. These validity studies suggest that diary questionnaires such as the PAD and PACD can be valuable as an alternative for the evaluation of interventions in pediatric asthma when pulmonary function testing is inappropriate or as an adjunct to such objective measures. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:S465-72.)
An autoradiographic study of the origin of intestinal blastemal cells in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens.

Abstract Fifty adult newts were used in this investigation; in 44 animals, the intestine was transected perpendicular to its longitudinal axis approximately midway between pylorus and rectum. The free ends of the intestine were held in apposition with a single suture and replaced into the coelom. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]thymidine from 0 to 35 days after transection of the intestine and killed 6 hr later. In nontransected, control intestines, the only tissue that incorporated [3H]thymidine was the mucosal epithelium. In transected intestines, only the mucosal epithelium labeled in animals which had been injected with [3H]thymidine from 0 to 4 days after the intestine was incised. Later on, serosal cells and smooth muscle cells of the intestinal stump underwent morphological alteration, initiated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, and began replication. At 6 days after transection, serosal cells adjacent to the plane of transection were incorporating [3H]thymidine and, at 12 days, smooth muscle cells at the transected surface were labeling. It seems probable that they both furnished cells to the intestinal blastema; the lining epithelium of the mucosa, however, did not appear to contribute to the blastema proper.
Impact of a catastrophic hurricane on Island populations

Lizard and spider populations were censused immediately before and after Hurricane Lili on islands differentially affected by the storm surge. The results support three general propositions. First, the larger organisms, lizards, are more resistant to the immediate impact of moderate disturbance, whereas the more prolific spiders recover faster. Second, extinction risk is related to population size when disturbance is moderate but not when it is catastrophic. Third, after catastrophic disturbance, the recovery rate among different types of organisms is related to dispersal ability. The absence of the poorer dispersers, lizards, from many suitable islands is probably the result of long-lasting effects of catastrophes.
Neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae

Abstract Almost all of the 3 · 1053 ergs liberated in a core collapse supernova is radiated as neutrinos by the cooling neutron star. These neutrinos can excite nuclei in the mantle of the star by their neutral and charged current reactions. The resulting spallation reactions are an important nucleosynthesis mechanism that may be responsible for the galactic abundances of 7Li, 11B, 19F, 138La, 180Ta and a number of other nuclei.
Effect of O2 on molecular iodine production following flash photodissociation of CF3I

Abstract The temporal production of molecular iodine following the gas phase flash photodissociation of CF3I (CO2 inert diluent gas) has been studied. In the absence of O2 there is an induction period of about 200 μs determined by quenching of I(2P 1 2 atoms, followed by three-body recombination of ground state I(2P 3 2 ) atoms. Addition of small amounts of O2 greatly enhances the rate of I2 production, such that at P(O2 ⪖ 0.2 Torr I2 formation occurs during the photolyzing flash. These results are discussed in terms of formation of a strong intermediate exciplex (K ⪖ 104 dm3 mol−1) between I(2P 1 2 ) and O2 as precursor to I2 formation.
Ribosomal protein L29/HIP deficiency delays osteogenesis and increases fragility of adult bone in mice

Mice lacking HIP/RPL29, a ribosomal modulator of protein synthesis rate, display a short stature phenotype. To understand the contribution of HIP/RPL29 to bone formation and adult whole bone mechanical properties, we examined both developing and adult bone in our knockout mice. Results indicated that bone shortening in HIP/RPL29-null mice is due to delayed entry of chondro-osteoprogenitors into the cell cycle. Structural properties of adult null bones were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Interestingly, partial preservation of cortical thickness was observed in null males indicating a gender-specific effect of the genotype on cortical bone parameters. Null males, and to a lower extent null females, displayed increased bone material toughness to counteract decreased bone size. This elevation in a bone material property was associated with increased bone mineral density only in null males. Neither male nor female null animals could withstand the same maximum load as gender-matched controls in three-point bending tests, and smaller post-yield displacements (and thus increased bone brittleness) were found for null animals. These results suggest that HIP/RPL29-deficient mice exhibit increased bone fragility due to altered matrix protein synthesis rates as a consequence of ribosomal insufficiency. Thus, sub-efficient protein translation increased fracture risk in HIP/RPL29-null animals. Taken together, these studies provide strong genetic evidence that the ability to regulate and amplify protein synthesis rates, including those proteins that regulate the cell cycle entry during skeletal development, are important determinants for establishment of normal bone mass and quality.
Protonation of N-heterocyclic carbene ligand coordinated to copper(I): Coordination mode of imidazolium cation as a function of counterion as determined by solid-state structures

Abstract Reactions of (IPr)Cu(X) (X = Cl or trifluoromethanesulfonate, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) complexes with the strong acids HOTf or HCl result in protonation of the C2 carbon of the IPr ligand to form imidazolium cations. Coordination of the imidazolium to the resulting CuI system depends upon the identity of the two counterions (chloride or triflate). The copper complexes [(IPrH)Cu(OTf)(μ-OTf)]2 and [IPrH][CuCl2] as well as the imidazolium salt [IPrH][OTf] have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Encapsulation of Organic Molecules in Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposite Particles for Intracellular Imaging and Drug Delivery

Encapsulation of imaging agents and drugs in calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) has potential as a nontoxic, bioresorbable vehicle for drug delivery to cells and tumors. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium phosphate nanoparticle encapsulation system for organic dyes and therapeutic drugs so that advanced fluoresence methods could be used to assess the efficiency of drug delivery and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle bioabsorption. Highly concentrated CPNPs encapsulating a variety of organic fluorophores were successfully synthesized. Well-dispersed CPNPs encapsulating Cy3 amidite exhibited nearly a 5-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield when compared to the free dye in PBS. FCS diffusion data and cell staining were used to show pH-dependent dissolution of the particles and cellular uptake, respectively. Furthermore, an experimental hydrophobic cell growth inhibitor, ceramide, was successfully delivered in vitro to human vascular smooth muscle cells via encapsulation in CPNPs. These studies demonstrate that CPNPs are effective carriers of dyes and drugs for bioimaging and, potentially, for therapeutic intervention.
Six generations of hereditary opalescent dentin: report of case

A kindred of six generations of hereditary opalescent dentin is reported. An extensive kindred consisting of six generations of hereditary opalescent dentin is presented. The terms hereditary opalescent dentin and dentinogenesis Imperfecta are discussed, and it is suggested that the latter term be used when the disease is seen in conjunction with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Assessing the effectiveness of pharmacy-based adherence interventions on antiretroviral adherence in persons with HIV.

Abstract A key factor to the successful treatment of HIV is good adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We developed a pharmacist-managed adherence clinic and designed a study to assess the impact of the adherence interventions by measuring the proportion of patients with 95% or greater adherence to ART before and after referral to the program. HIV providers referred patients with adherence problems to a pharmacist-managed adherence clinic. Interventions included scheduled clinic visits with the HIV Clinical Pharmacist and monthly refill reminders from pharmacy staff members over a 6-month period. Those aged 18–75, prescribed an ART regimen for a minimum of 3 months, and who filled their medications exclusively at the clinic pharmacy were eligible for study participation. The Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) served as a surrogate marker of overall adherence. A total of 34 patients were referred to the pharmacy clinic for adherence counseling, of whom 28 enrolled in the study. The proportion of partici...
HFS and isotope shift in the atomic spectrum of205Pb

The hfs of205Pb in the 283.3-nm resonance line and its isotope shift (IS) have been measured in absorption with the use of dispersive spectroscopy. A new method for calibration and analysis, when internal standards are not available is described. The results are: hfs interaction constantsA=70.3(5)×10−3 cm−1,B=−0.6(1.1)×10−3 cm−1,205Pb-208Pb IS=−123.9(2.0)×10−3 cm−1. The derived nuclear magnetic dipole moment,μ=0.704(5)μ N is in good agreement with values calculated with a nuclear configuration mixing model.
AN APPLICATION OF GEOSTATISTICS TO DETERMINE REGIONAL GROUND-WATER FLOW IN THE SAN ANDRES FORMATION, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICOa

. The construction of a contour map of hydraulic head for ground water in the San Andres Formation in west Texas and eastern New Mexico is problematic due to variability in quality and distribution of data. The direction of regional ground-water flow can be inferred from raw data only in the northern part of the study area where reliable drill-stem tests and water-level measurements make up most of the data. In the southern area, where unreliable and highly variable drill-stem tests comprise the bulk of the data, variogram analysis and kriging successfully remove the effects of high measurement error. This allows the regional trend to be seen. However, kriged block estimates cannot be computed for a critical region with sparse data in the northeastern part of the study area. The most complete potentiometric surface can be contoured from hybrid data: kriged block estimates from the southern region, and original head measurements in the northern region.
external politics, internal economics, and Ponapean social formation

Long-term transformations in Pacific island economies are analyzed in the perspective of their colonial experiences. Specifically, the modern political economy of Ponape, in the Caroline Islands, is compared with typical peasant economies. It is argued that historical changes in the Pacific do not necessarily produce the peasantlike societies frequently assumed to exist there and that development programs must take these conditions into account when planning for the area.
An ideotype of maize

We have proposed breeding a maize (Zea mays L.) ideotype that will maximally utilize an optimum production environment. This environment should include: a) adequate moisture; b) favorable temperatures throughout the growing season; c) adequate fertility; d) high plant densities; e) narrow row spacings; and f) early planting dates. The maize ideotype that should produce optimally when grown in such an environment would be characterized by: a) stiff, vertically-oriented leaves above the ear (leaves below the ear should be horizontally oriented); b) maximum photosynthetic efficiency; c) efficient conversion of photosynthate to grain; d) short interval between pollen shed and silkemergence; e) ear-shoot prolificacy; f) small tassel size; g) photoperiod insensitivity; h) cold-tolerance in germinating seeds and young seedlings (for genotypes grown in areas where early-planting would require planting in cold, wet soils); i) as long a grain-filling period as practically possible; and j) slow leaf senescence.
Searching for a one-dimensional random walker: Deterministic strategies with a time budget when crossing is allowed

We present deterministic strategies for capturing a target performing a discrete random walk on a discretized line segment. The searcher has a limited time budget. Its goal is to maximize the probability of capturing the target within the budget. A challenging aspect of our model is that the target can cross the searcher without being captured when they take the same edge at the same time in opposite directions. We present a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) approach for finding the optimal search strategy. We also present an efficient approximate solution to the POMDP. The strategies found by this approach reveal structural properties of the efficient search strategies which we exploit to solve the problem efficiently without running the POMDP.
Positron emission tomography (PET) used to image subclinical inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) is a noninvasive, functional imaging modality most often used to assess cancer. The aim of this study was to perform PET/computed tomography (CT) on patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis (UC) to understand the limits of this technology for assessing inflammatory activity. Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with UC in a strictly defined remission state. PET/CT was performed in standard fashion, using approximately 10 mCi of 18-FDG with a 60-minute uptake delay. Uptake in each of 4 colonic segments (recto-sigmoid [r-s], descending, transverse, and ascending), and distal small bowel were scored on a 3-point scale (0 = no uptake or uptake ≤liver; 1 = uptake somewhat >liver; 2 = uptake much greater than liver). Results: Ten patients participated in this study, 6 male. Eight had pancolitis, 1 had extensive colitis, and 1 had procto-sigmoiditis, with a median disease duration was 32 years. A PET scan was performed mean 37 days after endoscopy. Six patients had no increased 18-FDG uptake, 3 had increased uptake in the r-s region, 1 patient with r-s uptake also had ascending colon uptake, and 1 had ileal uptake with no colonic signal. Conclusions: In this study, PET demonstrated inflammatory activity in the colon despite negative endoscopic, histologic, and symptom assessment. This has important implications in the understanding of UC disease quiescence. Further exploration of this highly sensitive modality should be performed. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008)
The magnitude and distribution of the excess interstitial fraction during heavy ion irradiation

Abstract In heavy ion irradiation studies, the injected self-ion has recently been shown to suppress void nucleation in the ion deposition region. Previous theoretical calculations using steady state void nucleation theory have demonstrated that the predicted void number density is sensitive to small changes in the excess interstitial fraction, ϵ 1 . In this paper the magnitude and distribution of ϵ 1 is examined as a function of depth and incident ion energy for Ni irradiation of Ni. The magnitude of ϵ 1 in the ion deposition region increases as the incident ion energy decreases. This increase is especially large below 4 MeV. The use of different electronic stopping power (esp) models in the damage calculations gave differences in ϵ 1 of ~20% where the LSS esp gave higher results than the Brice esp. For low energy ( ) ion irradiations there exists no part of the ion range free from the presence of excess interstitials while for the high energy (14 MeV) case the region less than 1.2 μm in depth appears to have a negligible ϵ 1 value.
The course of proteolysis of lysozyme.

Abstract The course of proteolysis of lysozyme by chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain at three pH's, and pepsin is reported with tabulation of progressive exposure of 15 N-residue types and 12 C-residue types. A marked similarity in pattern of hydrolysis has been observed.
Dose and schedule determinants of cocaine choice under concurrent variable-interval schedules in rhesus monkeys.

Drug abuse can be characterized as a condition in which the choice to self-administer a drug is excessive, even exclusive of the choice of other reinforcers. Under concurrent interval schedules of reinforcement, subjects typically distribute behavior to match reinforcement allocation. However, research has shown that when behavior is maintained by different doses of cocaine under concurrent variable-interval (conc VI) schedules, exclusive choice of the higher dose is the rule. The present study was designed to examine the generality of this finding to other behavioral conditions. Rhesus monkeys (n=5) lever pressed under a conc VI 60-s VI 60-s or a conc VI 600-s VI 600-s schedule of cocaine (i.v.) presentation. Doses differing by 4-fold (0.025 versus 0.1, 0.05 versus 0.2 mg/kg per injection) were available for lever pressing. Monkeys responded more on the lever associated with the higher dose when saline or a lower dose was the alternative. The distribution of responses was well predicted by relative drug intake, but with consistent undermatching. Exclusive high-dose responding was seen in about half of the individual session intervals under the shorter schedule, rarely under the longer schedule, and was not seen over the session. Under conc VI schedules, behavior was apportioned between two different doses in a manner that favored the higher dose but undermatched relative intake. Exclusive high-dose choice may occur when cocaine is frequently available but is not an invariable outcome of the choice between a low and a high dose of cocaine.
Specificities of Albumin Receptors and Albumin Antibodies

Receptor sites for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) on the envelope of hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) and antibodies to pHSA in sera of patients with liver disease were differentiated by an indirect fluorescent antibody method. Analysis of the specificities of pHSA receptors and antibodies to pHSA by hemagglutination inhibition suggested that pHSA receptors reacted with a species-specific site on pHSA, whereas "autoantibodies" to pHSA cross-reacted with pHSA from different species. These human antibodies inhibited the binding of hepatitis B surface antigen-associated receptors to pHSA.
Inference in hybrid Bayesian networks with mixtures of truncated exponentials

Mixtures of truncated exponentials (MTE) potentials are an alternative to discretization for solving hybrid Bayesian networks. Any probability density function (PDF) can be approximated with an MTE potential, which can always be marginalized in closed form. This allows propagation to be done exactly using the Shenoy-Shafer architecture for computing marginals, with no restrictions on the construction of a join tree. This paper presents MTE potentials that approximate an arbitrary normal PDF with any mean and a positive variance. The properties of these MTE potentials are presented, along with examples that demonstrate their use in solving hybrid Bayesian networks. Assuming that the joint density exists, MTE potentials can be used for inference in hybrid Bayesian networks that do not fit the restrictive assumptions of the conditional linear Gaussian (CLG) model, such as networks containing discrete nodes with continuous parents.