cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inverse acoustic wave scattering in two dimensions from impenetrable targets

The author considers the problem of determining the contour of a rigid target from a discrete set of measurements of the acoustic scattering amplitude in two dimensions. With ultimate application to medical ultrasound imaging in mind, he is interested in a situation where the number of directions from which the target may be viewed is limited. Thus instead of the usual analysis in which a single frequency of sound and many angles of incidence and scattering are used, he investigates the extent to which the number of viewing angles may be reduced by using several frequencies of ultrasound.
Berry’s phase and the anomalous velocity of Bloch wavepackets

“Berry curvature”. The idea is simple: a small DC electric field can be represented by a constant vector potential that increases monotonically with time. Each Bloch state undergoes adiabatic evolution in this vector potential and acquires Berry’s phase. Each Bloch component of a wavepacket undergoes a different k-space trajectory and acquires a different Berry’s phase. The resulting Berry’s phase differences, characterized by the Berry curvature, conspire to induce the anomalous term in the velocity of the wavepacket as a whole.
Embodied spaces: religion, sex and nationalism in public and in court: a response to Sallie A. Marston

Abstract In response to Sallie Marston, this paper reads her case study in terms of religion and nationalism in order to explore the ways that culture is implicated in the state. To comprehend fully the contradictory decisions of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and the U.S. Supreme Court with regard to a lesbian and gay contingent in the Boston St. Patrick's Day Parade, it is necessary to interpret the decisions in light of the Protestant-inspired seperation of speech and action in the U.S. Constitution. This separation allows both Courts to disembody speech and separate it from the spatial context of action, which creates opposing decisions that do not adequately address the issues at hand. Understanding the role of religious nationalsim allows us to see how the final decision of U.S. Supreme Court enforces Protestant sexual regulation in the guise of protecting freedom.
Broadband non-Foster matching of an electrically small loop antenna

Electrically small antennas have a theoretical limit to the maximum bandwidth-efficiency product that can be achieved, as derived by Wheeler and Chu. This can be overcome using non-Foster matching (active matching), as is shown in this paper for an electrically small loop antenna. A floating negative inductor was simulated and the full matching network simulation demonstrates that the bandwidth of the small antenna increases to 2.9 times the Wheeler-Chu limit.
Newspapers' Framing of Elder Abuse: It's Not a Family Affair

This article describes media coverage of elder abuse from 2003 to 2005. Guided by media typification and framing literatures, eight newspapers' elder abuse coverage was content analyzed. The newspa...
From forgotten film to a film archive: the curious history of From stump to Ship

H ow did a forgotten 1930 logging film become a marker of regional identity for many Maine residents? How did its unexpected resurgence in the 1980s lead to the creation of Northeast Historic Film, a model regional archive? How did this obscure, amateur 16mm production land on the National Film Registry in 2002? To answer these questions it is necessary to retrace the history of the 28-minute amateur film From Stump to Ship. The movie, which was rediscovered and reconstructed in the early 1980s, depicts a vanished chapter in the history of the Maine woods. While just its recovery is culturally significant, the critical factor in From Stump to Ship's widespread popularity is that the.4ilm was made deliberately accessible to the people of Maine. While some archival films are carefully protected and seen only by archivists and scholars within a controlled environment, From Stump to Ship broke free from the archival setting and went on the road. Viewed by thousands of people from various socioeconomic backgrounds in cities and small towns across the state of Maine, the film helped to foster a collective memory of woods life. It also helped to publicly commemorate the work of early twentieth century woodsmen, enhance a sense of regional identity and increase interest in Maine history. The From Stump to Ship phenomenon was created by a combination of factors: serendipity, hard work, the understanding that amateur film has the power to connect people, places, and communities, and an artifact that provides contemporary viewers with a social history of early twentieth century woodmen. Discovering From Stump to Ship Alfred Ames, the president of the Machias Lumber Company in Washington County, Maine, purchased a 16mm moving picture camera to document the twilight of his family's business the long lumber industry. Ames took full advantage of the mass marketed, amateur-film technology that was invented in 1923 and popularised throughout the 1920s, for the film is full of the industrious activity of Ames' employees and the natural motion of the Machias River.1 In 1929-30, with the help of a friend, Dr. Howard Kane, who did some of the filming with his professional quality movie camera, Ames meticulously recorded the extraordinary labour of both woodsmen and horses. He documented his employees sawing down trees; horses hauling great loads of logs though the woods; river drivers agilely running over logs in rushing rivers; the powerful current of the Machias River forcing thousands of logs to tumble and roll; men expertly clearing log jams at the head of the river's falls; men in bateaus flying down river rapids; the proficiencies of mill employees cutting logs with a 48-foot band saw, and finally, the schooner Lucy Evelyn, loaded with more than two million laths, setting out to sea. In short, Ames' amateur film
Diagnostic Sedimentary Structures of Mesotidal Barrier Beaches: ABSTRACT

Depositional shorelines can be subdivided conveniently into 3 groups on the basis of tidal range: hypotidal, 0-5 ft; mesotidal, 5-10 ft; and hypertidal, > 10 ft. In terms of worldwide distribution, the 3 groups are relatively equal in occurrence. This paper deals only with mesotidal barrier beaches and is based on field studies in New England and southeastern Alaska and on a literature survey of the barrier beaches of the world. Tidal range is significant in the formation of beach structures in that it determines the distribution and concentration of wave energy over the beach profile and generates topography that affects ebb- and flood-current systems. Beach profiles change markedly with changes in tidal phase. The most dramatic changes in the beach profile, and the most rapid sediment migration (exclusive of storm conditions), occur at spring tides. Neap tides produce unique morphologic features such as neap berms and berm-ridges. A large diurnal inequality of the tides, such as occurs in southeastern Alaska, has a striking effect on beach morphology and on the disposition of primary structures over the beach profile. This inequality results from 4 levels of concentration of wave energy during a 24-hour period. The most fundamental unit in producing primary structures on mesotidal beaches is the ridge-and-runnel system. High-angle beds that dip landward are produced as the ridge migrates toward shore. A complex association of structures is affiliated with the migrating ridge. Some models of the associations of primary structures produced under differing conditions of tide, beach composition, and wave climate are derived from these field and literature studies. End_of_Article - Last_Page 624------------
Changing dietary patterns with changing dentition: how do people cope?

Food plays a significant and essential role in the survival of all people. There has been a suggestion that there is a strong association between changes in dental status such as loss of teeth and denture wearing and low intake of essential nutrients. This paper explores the relationship between diet and nutrition and a change from (A) an old complete denture to an implant-sup ported denture, from (6) the dentate status to an immediate complete denture, and from (C) an old complete denture to a functionally corrected new complete denture. A summary of the findings is that loss of teeth influences masticatory efficiency and function and that a replacement prosthesis may improve function but does not significantly change dietary intake.
Goodness-of-fit testing in interval censoring case 1

Abstract In the interval censoring case 1, an event occurrence time is unobservable, but one observes an inspection time and whether the event has occurred prior to this time or not. The focus here is to provide tests of goodness-of-fit hypothesis pertaining to the distribution of the event occurrence time. The proposed tests are based on certain marked empirical processes for testing a simple hypothesis and the Stute–Thies–Zhu transformation of such a process for fitting a parametric family of distributions. These tests are asymptotically distribution-free, consistent against a large class of fixed alternatives and have nontrivial asymptotic power against a large class of local alternatives. A simulation study is included to exhibit the finite sample level preservation and power behavior.
Synthesis of carboxy-labelled l-carnitine

A method for the production of carboxy-labelled l-carnitine is described. The first step is the chemical synthesis of 4-N-trimethylammoniobutanoate (butyrobetaine) from the precursors 4-aminobutanoate and iodomethane. The second step involves the hydroxylation of butyrobetaine to form l-carnitine using butyrobetaine hydroxylase partially purified from bovine calf liver. The method also can be used to synthesize Me-labelled and uniformly-chain-labelled l-carnitine.
Utility of the NIH Stroke Scale as a Predictor of Hospital Disposition

Background and Purpose— Early identification of stroke patients in need of rehabilitation or long-term nursing facility (NF) care may promote more efficient use of health care resources and lead to better outcomes. The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is an attractive candidate predictor of disposition because it is widely used, is easily learned, and can be performed rapidly on admission. Methods— We present a retrospective study of stroke patients admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset to a university hospital from March through June 2000. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information, stroke type, prestroke living arrangement and independence, initial NIHSS, and medical complications during hospitalization. Results— Among 94 patients evaluated during the study period, 59% were discharged home, 30% to rehabilitation, and 11% to NF. In multivariate analyses, disposition was associated only with initial NIHSS. For each 1-point increase in NIHSS, the likelihood of going home was significantly reduce...
Urinalysis and Associated Laboratory Procedures

Macroscopic examination of urine is an integral part of urinalysis, and blood and bile pigments are a common cause of abnormal coloration. Urine SG is a convenient index of urine concentration and should be correlated with the patient's hydration status to determine the ability of the kidneys to concentrate and dilute urine. The pH of urine of dogs and cats normally is dietary dependent, but alkaline urine may suggest that the urinary tract is infected with a urea splitting organism. The dipstick test for proteinuria is convenient but less reliable than the sulfosalicylic acid method. The dipstick test for blood should not be used as a substitute for microscopic examination of urine but is of value in detecting hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria, when red cells may be absent in the sediment. The finding of glucose, ketones, and bilirubin in urine, when interpreted properly, may indicate the presence of disease processes not associated with the urogenital tract. Microscopic examination of urine sediment must be interpreted in combination with the physical and chemical composition of urine, but excessive numbers of cells, casts, crystals, and bacteria may provide evidence of disease. The absence of these structures in the sediment, however, does not eliminate the possibility of disease. The ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine is dependent on normal kidney function and the production and release of ADH. A urine SG greater than 1.030 in dogs and 1.035 in cats indicates that the functions associated with concentrating urine are adequate. In the evaluation of the patient's ability to form concentrated urine, the status of hydration must be considered; this may require water deprivation tests or administration of ADH. The estimation of blood urea nitrogen concentration, with the use of test strips, may provide a convenient but not specific measure of renal function.
Air Pollution Model Parameter Estimation Using Simulated LIDAR Data

One way to obtain estimates of the unknown parameters in a pollution-dispersion model is to compare the model predictions with remotely sensed air-quality data. A ground-base LIDAR sensor provides relative pollution-concentration measurements as a function of space and time. The measured sensor data are compared with the dispersion-model output through a numerical estimation procedure to yield parameter estimates that best fit the data. This overall process is tested in a computer simulation to study the effects of various measurement strategies. Such a simulation is useful prior to a field measurement exercise to maximize the information content in the collected data. Parametric studies of simulated data matched to a Gaussian plumedispersion model indicate the trade offs available between estimation accuracy and data-acquisition strategy.
Genetic and physical evidence for the polarity of transcription of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus.

Abstract We have constructed a genetic map of the thymidine kinase gene of HSV 1 using a new technique for measuring the frequency of TK + virus in a population composed primarily of TK mutant virus. This genetic map was also oriented with respect to the genetic and physical map of the entire genome by reciprocal three-point crosses between TK and a marker in the viral DNA polymerase gene (resistance to phosphonoacetic acid). A correlation between the sizes of the TK-related polypeptides induced by various TK mutants and their map positions was observed, suggesting that the TK gene is transcribed from right to left on our map. The polarity of transcription of the TK gene was directly confirmed by hybridization of labeled mRNA from infected cells to the separated complementary strands of a cloned BamHI fragment of HSV 1 DNA which contains the TK gene. The results demonstrate that TK is transcribed from the leftward-reading strand of HSV 1 DNA represented in the P arrangement.
Infusing innovation into a manufacturing engineering course

Manufacturing processes are essential components to realise any innovative ideas for new products. Yet, typical ways of teaching manufacturing processes are microscopic, separate from the context under which they are employed. The paper presents the teaching of manufacturing processes through a systems approach. Particularly, a semester-long project of developing new products provides a realistic context for the application of manufacturing processes. At the conclusion of the course, students present detailed product specifications and manufacturing processes along with physical prototypes. Creativity and innovative thinking are encouraged throughout the project.
Bacteria as solid phase in a concentration fluorescence immunoassay analysis of antibodies to surface antigens.

Abstract A modified solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay was developed using bacterial cells as the solid phase to screen antibodies produced against surface antigens from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli, strain 1–149. The bacterial solid phase was used to analyze both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The bacterial concentration fluorescence immunoassay (BCFIA) showed up to 50-fold greater sensitivity in bacterial cell detection as compared to ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Moreover, BCFIA was considerably faster than ELISA with uniform reproducibility. This paper demonstrates the utility of using bacteria and their surface antigens as solid-phase matrices for antibody characterization in a FIA.
Algorithm 609: A Portable FORTRAN Subroutine for the Bickley Functions Kin (x)

On donne un programme FORTRAN pour representer des fonctions de Bickley en serie d'integrales d'exponentielles
Optimization of fuzzy logic implementation

An architecture for implementing fuzzy-logic inference, together with the tools to optimally synthesize fuzzy logic circuits under this architecture, is proposed. The algorithms for finding the parameters for this architecture are presented. The author discusses how, computer-aided-design tools can be built to help fuzzy logic designers to explore the design space. In particular, the design process is divided into two phases, tuning the membership functions and synthesizing hardware implementations. The former is application-dependent, and previously no well-established automatic methods had been developed. A flexible, interactive design environment that allows designers to easily modify the plant model, the inference mechanism, and the membership functions, and quickly find out what the result is will be highly desirable. >
Mapping of Simian Virus 40 Early Functions on the Viral Chromosome

The simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA segment in the nondefective adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrid, Ad2(+)ND(4), is colinear with the segment between 0.11 and 0.59 SV40 fractional length from the site at which the R(1) restriction endonuclease cleaves SV40 DNA. This specifies the region of the SV40 DNA molecule which induces the early SV40 antigens: U antigen, tumor specific transplantation antigen, and T antigen. A variant of Ad2(+)ND(4), called Ad2(+)ND(4del), was found which has a deletion of the DNA segment between 0.50 and 0.57 SV40 fractional length from the R(1) endonuclease cleavage point.
Identification of a Novel Essential Two-Component Signal Transduction System, YhcSR, in Staphylococcus aureus

Two-component signal transduction systems play an important role in the ability of bacteria to adapt to various environments by sensing changes in their habitat and by altering gene expression. In this study, we report a novel two-component system, YhcSR, in Staphylococcus aureus which is required for bacterial growth in vitro. We found that the down-regulation of yhcSR expression by induced yhcS antisense RNA can inhibit and terminate bacterial growth. Moreover, without complementary yhcS or yhcR, no viable yhcS or yhcR gene replacement mutant was recoverable. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the YhcSR regulatory system is indispensable for S. aureus growth in culture. Moreover, induced yhcS antisense RNA selectively increased bacterial susceptibility to phosphomycin. These data suggest that YhcSR probably modulates the expression of genes critical for bacterial survival and may be a potential target for the development of novel antibacterial agents.
Comparing Water (R718) to Other Refrigerants

Even though water (R718) is one of the oldest refrigerants, state of the art technology is required to use water as a refrigerant in compression refrigeration plants with turbo compressors. To compare water (R718) to other refrigerants, a code is developed in which all refrigerants can be compared in a single p-h, T-s, or p-T diagram. Using the code, the COP isolines of water (R718) and any refrigerant can be generated in a graph to determine which refrigerant has a better COP for a certain evaporation temperature and temperature lift. In regard to using water (R718) as a refrigerant, some specific features complicate its application in refrigeration plants with turbo compressors. Because the cycle works at very low pressure, the volumetric cooling capacity of water vapor is very low. Hence, huge volume flows have to be compressed with relatively high pressure ratios. Therefore, the use of water (R718) as a refrigerant, compared to classical refrigerants, such as R134a or R12, requires approximately 200 times the volume flow, and about twice the pressure ratio for the same applications. Because of the thermodynamic properties of water vapor, this high pressure ratio requires approximately a two to four times higher compressor tip speed, depending on the impeller design; while the speed of sound is approximately 2.5 times higher. Reynolds numbers are about 300 times lower and the specific work transmission per unit of mass has to be around 15 times higher. Two factors are introduced to compare the irreversibilities of R718 and other refrigerants and the main source of irrevercibility in R718 cycle is identified. Finally, the current state-of-the-art R718 is reviewed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Decision-Making Competence and Adherence to Treatment in Adolescents with Diabetes

a problem-solving task was assessed, as well as adolescent maladaptive decision-making (adolescent report), adherence to treatment (parent and provider report; number of glucose tests), and metabolic control (HbA1C). Results Parent–adolescent communication was associated with adherence to treatment but not with adolescent decision-making. Poorer decision-making was associated with lower adherence per parent report but not provider report or the number of glucose tests. Decision-making competence did not mediate the relationships between parent–adolescent communication and adherence. Conclusions These results are consistent with prior research demonstrating associations between parent–adolescent communication and adherence and identify adolescent decision-making competence as another potentially important correlate of adherence. These findings highlight several areas for future research.
Suicidal Death of a Spouse: The Social Perception of the Survivor:

The present study investigated the reactions of others to the surviving spouse of an individual who commits suicide. A group of 120 adult citizens responded to a typeset obituary notice that descri...
Hypoplastic Left Heart Associated with Scimitar Syndrome

A child with the unique combination of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and scimitar syndrome is presented. Her HLHS was diagnosed in utero, and her scimitar syndrome was discovered during her immediate newborn period. She underwent a successful Norwood operation complicated by supraventricular tachycardia given her Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome. She has also undergone successful Glenn shunt and at this writing is thriving.
Textural Modification of Processing Tomatoes

Knowledge of the textural properties of processing tomatoes is crucial to ensuing product accept- ability; measurement, control, and optimization of these properties through judicious selection of varieties and control of unit operations results in products that the consumer prefers. It is important to first define the terms texture, rheology, consistency, and viscosity prior to discussing principles of their measurement. The textural properties of processing tomatoes may be measured using both sensory and objective tests, and the latter may be either destructive or nondestructive in nature. The unique anatomy of tomato fruit (peel, pericarp, columella, and locules) in part dictates the method of texture measurement. Numerous factors, including variety, maturity, genetic modification, cultural particles, and environmental conditions, processing conditions, and calcium addition affect the textural integrity of tomatoes. Textural properties of raw tomatoes and most processed tomato products are reviewed in this article.
Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self-consciousness, self-awareness, and ego-involvement: An investigation of internally controlling styles

This study explored the relationships among dispositional self-consciousness, situationally induced-states of self-awareness, ego-involvement, and intrinsic motivation Cognitive evaluation theory, as applied to both the interpersonal and intrapersonal spheres, was used as the basis for making predictions about the effects of various types of self-focus Public self-consciousness, social anxiety, video surveillance and mirror manipulations of self-awareness, and induced ego-involvement were predicted and found to have negative effects on intrinsic motivation since all were hypothesized to involve controlling forms of regulation In contrast, dispositional private self-consciousness and a no-self-focus condition were both found to be unrelated to intrinsic motivation The relationship among these constructs and manipulations was discussed in the context of both Carver and Scheier's (1981) control theory and Deci and Ryan's (1985) motivation theory
The Missing Opportunity in Organizational Research: Some Implications for a Theory of Work Performance

Existing theory fails to provide strong and consistent prediction of individual job performance. This paper argues that the failure stems from a neglect of an important dimension of performance—the opportunity to perform—and the interaction of opportunity with known correlates of performance. A three dimensional interactive model of work performance is proposed; suggestions for future research and for managerial practice are offered.
Stratigraphy and Structure of the Tijuana-Rosarito Beach Area, Northwestern Baja California, Mexico

Thesis (M.S.) Geological Sciences. Plate 1: Geologic map and structure sections of the Tijuana-Rosarito Beach area, northwestern Baja California, Mexico, at a scale of 1:15,800. Coordinates taken from the INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica) 20 x 15-minute topographic and geological quadrangles, which are at a scale of 1:50000. Two quadrangles used: Tijuana (I11C69 - geology) and Playas de Rosarito (I11C79 - topography). Both maps are: Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 11, NAD27.
Transformation-based reconstruction for audio transmissions over the Internet

The paper studies the design of data transformation algorithms for audio data transmitted over the Internet, with a goal of reconstructing the original signals by the receiver with little distortions in the presence of bursty loss of packets. It assumes that a single audio stream is interleaved into multiple packets, and a lost sample at the receiver is reconstructed as the interpolation of adjacent samples received. We propose a non redundant transformation based reconstruction algorithm that can minimize the reconstruction error for any fixed, interpolation based reconstruction algorithm. Its basic idea is that the sender transforms the input audio stream optimally, based on the reconstruction method used at the receiver before sending the data packets. Consequently, the receiver is able to recover much better from losses of packets than without any knowledge of what the signals should be. In particular, we study our transformation algorithm based on one popular linear interpolation based reconstruction algorithm. We found that our scheme can improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) by 1 to 2 dB with very little extra computation efforts as compared to the scheme without transformation.
Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Identifying Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration

Acts scales, the most common way of measuring partner violence, have been criticized for being too simplistic to capture the complexities of partner violence. An alternative measurement approach is to use typologies that consider various aspects of context. In this study, the authors identified typologies of dating violence perpetration by adolescents. They conducted in-depth interviews with 116 girls and boys previously identified by an acts scale as perpetrators of dating violence. They provided narrative descriptions of their dating violence acts. For boys and girls, many acts considered violent by the acts scale were subsequently recanted or described as nonviolent. From the narratives, they identified four types of female perpetration that were distinguished by motives, precipitating events, and the abuse history of the partners. One type of perpetration accounted for most acts by boys. The findings are discussed relative to dating violence measurement, prevention and treatment, and development of theory.
The localization of cytochrome oxidase in the LGN and striate cortex of postnatal kittens

The distribution of cytochrome oxidase (C.O.) was examined in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the kitten during the first postnatal month and compared with the adult pattern. During the first week, most of the C.O. was localized within the perikarya of geniculate neurons. Perigeniculate neurons had darkly reactive dendrites as well as perikaya. A population of relatively large, darkly reactive neurons became distinguishable around the end of the first week, as the level of reactivity diminished to moderate-to-light within most medium and small neurons. On the basis of their relative size and pattern of distribution, most of the darkly reactive neurons are likely to represent ones that will later have class 1 morphology and develop Y receptive field properties. These cells normally undergo rapid growth earlier, and their growth is more adversely affected by early short-term monocular suture than other classes of less reactive geniculate neurons. Thus, in the LGN of developing kitten, C.O. histochemistry may be used as a functional marker for future class 1 Y-cells. The reactivity of the neuropil gradually increases as synapses with dendrites mature. At the electronmicroscopic level the increased reactivity of the neuropil is due mainly to an increase in the number of reactive mitochondria localized within the growing dendrites. In the developing striate cortex of postnatal kittens dark reactivity is localized in the outer part of layer II for the first 2 weeks and then disappears. Dark reactivity gradually increases in layer IV after the third week. The changes in C.O. reactivity accompany pathway-specific physiological and anatomical changes that occur during early postnatal development.
Foreign Gene Transfer in Termite Cells Using a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus.

Abstract The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), are well known for their destruction of human dwellings and flora in the tropics and subtropics. A method to deliver foreign genes into termite cell cultures would provide a controlled environment to facilitate the study of key regulatory functions at the molecular and cellular level. Here a method for the establishment and cryopreservation of primary embryonic termite cell cultures is described. Evidence is presented of viral-mediated gene transfer in these cells and foreign gene expression using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector.
Cooperative NCoR/SMRT interactions establish a corepressor-based strategy for integration of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways

Innate immune responses to bacterial or viral infection require rapid transition of large cohorts of inflammatory response genes from poised/repressed to actively transcribed states, but the underlying repression/derepression mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that, while the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) corepressors establish repression checkpoints on broad sets of inflammatory response genes in macrophages and are required for nearly all of the transrepression activities of liver X receptors (LXRs), they can be selectively recruited via c-Jun or the Ets repressor Tel, respectively, establishing NCoR-specific, SMRT-specific, and NCoR/SMRT-dependent promoters. Unexpectedly, the binding of NCoR and SMRT to NCoR/SMRT-dependent promoters is frequently mutually dependent, establishing a requirement for both proteins for LXR transrepression and enabling inflammatory signaling pathways that selectively target NCoR or SMRT to also derepress/activate NCoR/SMRT-dependent genes. These findings reveal a combinatorial, corepressor-based strategy for integration of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals that play essential roles in immunity and homeostasis.
Ulcerative colitis in infants; report of a case.

Summary A case of fulminant colitis, characterized by extensive ulceration in a newborn infant is presented together with a discussion of the literature.
A low-power FSK/OOK transmitter for 915 MHz ISM band

A PLL-based, low-power, 915 MHz FSK/OOK transmitter is presented. The PLL uses gain-boosted LC VCO and hybrid injection-locked divider topologies to reduce power consumption with acceptable phase noise. In FSK mode, the transmitter consumes 367 µW from a 1.2 V supply with −18.6 dBm output power and achieves maximum 3 Mbps speed (122.3 pJ/bit). In OOK, power consumption is 314 µW with maximum 20 Mbps speed (15.7 pJ/bit). The transmitter occupies 0.29 mm2 of die area in a 130 nm CMOS process.
Muscle fatigue in the frog semitendinosus: role of the high-energy phosphates and Pi.

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of ATP, phosphocreatine (PC), Pi, lactate, and glycogen in single frog skeletal muscle fibers and assess their role in the etiology of m...
On the significant enhancement of the continuum-collision induced absorption in H2O+CO2 mixtures

Abstract The IR spectra of water vapor–carbon dioxide mixtures as well as the spectra of pure gas samples have been recorded using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer at a resolution of 0.1 cm −1 in order to explore the effect of colliding CO 2 and H 2 O molecules on their continuum absorptions. The sample temperatures were 294, 311, 325 and 339 K. Measurements have been conducted at several different water vapor partial pressures depending on the cell temperature. Carbon dioxide pressures were kept close to the three values of 103, 207 and 311 kPa (1.02, 2.04 and 3.07 atm). The path length used in the study was 100 m. It was established that, in the region around 1100 cm −1 , the continuum absorption coefficient C H 2 O + C O 2 is about 20 times stronger than the water–nitrogen continuum absorption coefficient C H 2 O + N 2 . On the other hand, in the far wing region (2500 cm −1 ) of the ν 3 CO 2 fundamental band, the binary absorption coefficient C C O 2 + H 2 O appears to be about one order of magnitude stronger than the absorption coefficient C C O 2 + C O 2 in pure carbon dioxide. The continuum interpretation and the main problem of molecular band shape formation are discussed in light of these experimental facts.
Enhancement of wireless bandwidth utilization through user's QoE

Quality of Experience (QoE) measures a user’s satisfaction with a service delivery. However QoE is a very subjective measure and is context dependent, making it difficult for a service provider to estimate and optimize user’s QoE. In this paper, we look at how the provider can maximize QoE by optimizing wireless bandwidth allocation, especially for mobile cloud applications. The multi-stimuli version of the “IQX” hypothesis is used to model the QoE of a user, and this model is used in formulation of a nonlinear optimization problem, which is solved using NSGA-II. Simulations using realistic parameters based on 802.11n demonstrate a reduction in the required bandwidth by as much as 33% (i.e., more users can be accommodated by the system), while maintaining the same level of QoE. Our evolutionary-algorithm-based approach is able to discover the optimal bandwidth allocation. The problem of equalizing user QoE is explored and a tradeoff between QoE and fairness is studied, while being characterized using a Pareto front.
The Next Breakthrough for Organic Photovoltaics

While the intense focus on energy level tuning in organic photovoltaic materials has afforded large gains in device performance, we argue here that strategies based on microstructural/morphological control are at least as promising in any rational design strategy. In this work, a meta-analysis of ∼150 bulk heterojunction devices fabricated with different materials combinations is performed and reveals strong correlations between power conversion efficiency and morphology-dominated properties (short-circuit current, fill factor) and surprisingly weak correlations between efficiency and energy level positioning (open-circuit voltage, enthalpic offset at the interface, optical gap). While energy level positioning should in principle provide the theoretical maximum efficiency, the optimization landscape that must be navigated to reach this maximum is unforgiving. Thus, research aimed at developing understanding-based strategies for more efficient optimization of an active layer microstructure and morphology a...
Spherical Parameterization Balancing Angle and Area Distortions

This work presents a novel framework for spherical mesh parameterization. An efficient angle-preserving spherical parameterization algorithm is introduced, which is based on dynamic Yamabe flow and the conformal welding method with solid theoretic foundation. An area-preserving spherical parameterization is also discussed, which is based on discrete optimal mass transport theory. Furthermore, a spherical parameterization algorithm, which is based on the polar decomposition method, balancing angle distortion and area distortion is presented. The algorithms are tested on 3D geometric data and the experiments demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed methods.
Proximity of repair patches to persistent pyrimidine dimers in DNA of normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum cells

The proximity of repair patches to persistent pyrimidine dimers in normal human cells and xeroderma pigmentosum group C and D cells was analyzed by sequential digestion of repaired DNA with Micrococcus luteus UV-endonuclease and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Although this enzymatic digestion removed one-third of the pyrimidine dimers, less than 3% of the label associated with repair patches and a similar amount of uniformly labeled DNA were removed. The repair patches therefore appear to be similarly distant from persistent dimers in all cell types, and, in particular, are not adjacent to unexcised dimers in xeroderma pigmentosum group D cells. A previous model that suggested that patches are inserted adjacent to dimers in xeroderma pigmentosum group D cells receives no support from these results.
Hepatic arterioportal fistula

Hepatic arterioportal fistula (HAPF) is uncommon, arising largely from either a ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm or from penetrating trauma. It is being encountered increasingly, secondary to rising numbers of percutaneous transhepatic procedures. We will describe five cases of HAPF seen at Emory University Hospital over the last 5 years and conclude with a review of the current status of treatment of this condition. HAPF occurred secondary to ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm in two patients, operative injury in two patients, and after trauma in one patient. The predominant clinical manifestation in these patients were complications of portal hypertension, most commonly gastrointestinal bleeding. Angiography remains the definitive diagnostic procedure and it was used to accurately diagnose HAPF in all cases. However, duplex ultrasonography is rapidly becoming a useful screening tool and was the initial imaging modality in the most recent case. Several factors determine the therapeutic approach including the location of the HAPF and associated comorbidity. Due to the development of portal hypertension even asymptomatic fistulas should be treated. In general, surgery is the procedure of choice for extrahepatic fistula, while embolization is optimal for intrahepatic fistulas. Embolization is also useful for patients in whom associated comorbidity prohibits surgical treatment. The goal of surgery is to interrupt the fistula, to maintain hepatic arterial flow, and to close the defect in the portal vein.
The Energetics of Parenting in an Avian Model: Hormonal and Neurochemical Regulation of Parental Provisioning in Doves

Parenting is an energetically costly activity in both birds and mammals, but differences in avian and mammalian modes of reproduction profoundly shape the types and temporal patterns of energy expended in the parental effort. In contrast, birds have an oviparous mode of reproduction that requires parental behavior to be expressed both before and after the young appear if the reproductive effort is to be successful. During incubation, parent birds must actively defend the nest, keep the eggs warm, and turn the eggs periodically to ensure continued embryonic development. After hatching, avian parents typically protect the nest and young from intruders, engage in brooding behavior to provide heat for the nestlings, and provide food for the growing young. Studies of wild bird populations indicate that parents that rear altricial young typically exhibit elevated levels of plasma prolactin when they are provisioning their offspring. For example, prolactin levels in blood correlate positively with the frequency of parental feeding visits to the nest in male house finches, and female red-eyed vireos show higher levels of plasma prolactin, and more parental provisioning, than their male partners. In addition to stimulating crop milk formation in dove parents of both sexes, the prolactin that is secreted into the blood during incubation and the posthatching period is likely to act at both central and peripheral target sites to stimulate the transfer of milk to the nestlings by regurgitation.
Optical reflectance of pyrheliometer absorption cavities: progress toward SI-traceable measurements of solar irradiance

We have accurately determined the absorptance of three pyrheliometer cavities at 532 nm by measuring the residual reflectance using an angle-resolved bidirectional reflectometer. Measurements were performed at a normal incidence as a function of the viewing angle and position on the cavity cone. By numerically integrating the measured angle-resolved scatter over both the direction and position and accounting for an obstructed view of the cavity, we determined that the effective cavity reflectance was between 8×10-4 and 9×10-4. Thus, the absorptance of the three cavities ranged from 0.99909±0.00014 to 0.99922±0.00012 (k=2 combined expanded uncertainties). These measurements, when extended over the spectral range of operation of the pyrheliometer, are required to establish SI traceability for absolute solar irradiance measurements.
Combined inhibition of mTOR and EGFR with everolimus (RAD001) and gefitinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have smoked cigarettes: A phase II trial

7575 Background: Most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are primarily resistant to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. One strategy to overcome resistance is to block parallel or downst...
Radiosensitization of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and xenografts by the interactive effects of pemetrexed and methoxyamine.

Abstract Background and purpose The anti-folate pemetrexed is a radiosensitizer. In pre-clinical models, pemetrexed is more effective along with the base-excision-repair inhibitor methoxyamine. We tested whether methoxyamine enhances pemetrexed-mediated radiosensitization of lung adenocarcinoma cells and xenografts. Materials and methods A549 and H1299 cells were evaluated for cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, radiosensitization by clonogenic assay, and DNA repair by neutral comet assay and repair protein activation. H460 cells were included in some studies. Xenografts in nude mice received drug(s) and/or radiation, and tumor growth was monitored by caliper and in vivo toxicity by animal weight. Results Exposure to pemetrexed/methoxyamine for 24 (H1299, H460) or 48 (A549)hours before irradiation resulted in accumulation of cells near the radiosensitive G1/S border; dose-enhancement factors of 1.62±0.19, 1.97±0.25, and 1.67±0.30, respectively; reduction of mean inactivation dose by 32%, 30%, and 46%, respectively; and significant reductions of SF2 and SF4 ( p p Conclusions Addition of methoxyamine to pemetrexed and fractionated radiotherapy may improve outcome for patients with locally advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.
Effect of leukapheresis on blood coagulation in patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract Introduction Leukapheresis has been proposed to reduce white blood cell (WBC) count in hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, no survival benefit has been proven and leukapheresis can potentially affect coagulation and worsen bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We analyzed the effect of leukapheresis on coagulation tests in a cohort of hyperleukocytic AML patients. Methods Retrospective chart review of hyperleukocytic AML patients who underwent leukapheresis between 2003 and 2014. Blood coagulation tests (platelets, PT, INR, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-Dimers and fibrin degradation products (FDP)) were collected before and after each procedure and DIC score was computed. Transfusions of platelets and coagulation factors were collected. Results Ninety patients and 129 leukapheresis sessions were screened. After exclusion of the sessions associated with transfusions, we observed in 44 patients a significant decrease in platelets (from 75.69±89.48 to 44.59±47.71.10 9 /L, p=0.001) and fibrinogen (from 4.05±1.29 to 3.35±1.37g/L, p Conclusions In hyperleukocytic AML patients, leukapheresis is associated with clinically significant decreases in platelets and fibrinogen and prolonged clotting times.
Abstract A05: Proteomic analysis of exosome content changes induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer stromal cells

Despite recent advances in multimodality therapy, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with a 5-year survival rate of 8%. One hallmark of this disease is desmoplasia that consist largely of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The abundant stromal cells provide a unique tumor microenvironment that aid tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, there is little data on the mechanism underlying the stromal cells’ ability to impact chemoresistance in neighboring cancer cells in response to drug treatment. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted into the extracellular environment from cells and evidence is accumulating that exosomes play a key role in intercellular signaling. Researchers have focused on exosomes secreted from cancer cells, but the function of stromal exosomes has not been investigated, especially in pancreatic cancer. As stromal cells comprise the majority of the pancreatic tumor bulk, we hypothesize that stromal cell-derived exosomes help pancreatic cancer cells resist chemotherapy. Thus, it is critical to characterize the complex composition of stromal exosomes. In this study, we analyzed the proteomic content of exosomes collected from stromal cell lines created from PDAC patients. Furthermore, we also determined the change in exosomal proteomic composition after the patient-derived stromal cells were treated with gemcitabine, the current standard of care chemotherapy for patients with PDAC. Our studies have identified possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and suggest novel molecular mechanism responsible for the tumor microenvironment’s ability to regulate chemoresistance in neighboring pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: Wei Huang, Peter Feist, Amanda Hummon, Reginald Hill.{Authors}. Proteomic analysis of exosome content changes induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer stromal cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A05.