cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis for a SiGe HBT 40 watt 32 GHz clock 3D memory processor chip stack using diamond heat spreader layers

CMOS evolution by lateral lithographic shrinkage has encountered an impediment in that wires do not scale well. As a result, it would appear that the clock race is over and the future of computing lies in multicore or parallel processing. In a prior paper [1] we have explored the implications of Amdahl's figure of merit (FOM), which suggests that for algorithms to successfully demonstrate large throughput improvement by parallelization, the fraction of non-parallelizable code (also called serial code) must be less than about 4%. We observed that memory latency, synchronization, and inter-processor communication latency can masquerade as non-parallelizable code. While there are no doubt certain applications where this non-parallelizable code fraction of less than 4% exists, and others where the large memory needed to just hold the data can justify use of parallel processors in any case, the implications for the broad class of other code are at best in doubt. The Amdahl figure of merit suggests worse, that a favorable impact is unpromising. In this paper we continue the dialogue begun in the earlier paper by pushing on to examine a small demonstration processor that accomplishes high performance by pursuing the traditional higher clock rate through improvements in device and interconnection technology. Because the processor uses a BiCMOS process and requires a 3D memory for Memory Wall mitigation, it is important to address thermal issues. Preliminary analyses are perhaps unexpectedly somewhat favorable.
Sexual Debut of Young Black Women Who Have Sex With Women: Implications for STI/HIV Risk

Young Black women continue to be at high risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, little is known about the risks specifically to young Black women who primarily have sex w...
Sources and sinks for atmospheric N2O

Observations of the temporal and spatial distribution of N_2O in solution are not yet sufficient to permit quantitative assessment of the role of the ocean in the budget of atmospheric N_2O. Consideration of the global nitrogen cycle suggests that the land should be the primary source of N_2O. The gas is removed in the atmosphere by photolysis and by reaction with O(¹D), and there may be additional sinks in the ocean.
Generalizing smoothness constraints from discrete samples

We study how certain smoothness constraints, for example, piecewise continuity, can be generalized from a discrete set of analog-valued data, by modifying the error backpropagation, learning algorithm. Numerical simulations demonstrate that by imposing two heuristic objectives — (1) reducing the number of hidden units, and (2) minimizing the magnitudes of the weights in the network — during the learning process, one obtains a network with a response function that smoothly interpolates between the training data.
A GPU Sub-pixel Algorithm for Autostereoscopic Virtual Reality

Autostereoscopic displays enable unencumbered immersive virtual reality, but at a significant computational expense. This expense impacts the feasibility of autostereo displays in high-performance real-time interactive applications. A new autostereo rendering algorithm named autostereo combiner addresses this problem using the programmable vertex and fragment pipelines of modern graphics processing units (GPUs). This algorithm is applied to the Varrier, a large-scale, head-tracked, parallax barrier autostereo virtual reality platform. In this capacity, the Combiner algorithm has shown performance gains of 4x over traditional parallax barrier rendering algorithms. It has enabled high-performance rendering at sub-pixel scales, affording a 2x increase in resolution and showing a 1.4x improvement in visual acuity
Origin and Evolution of Dishevelled

Dishevelled (Dsh or Dvl) is an important signaling protein, playing a key role in Wnt signaling and relaying cellular information for several developmental pathways. Dsh is highly conserved among metazoans and has expanded into a multigene family in most bilaterian lineages, including vertebrates, planarians, and nematodes. These orthologs, where explored, are known to have considerable overlap in function, but evidence for functional specialization continues to mount. We performed a comparative analysis of Dsh across animals to explore protein architecture and identify conserved and divergent features that could provide insight into functional specialization with an emphasis on invertebrates, especially nematodes. We find evidence of dynamic evolution of Dsh, particularly among nematodes, with taxa varying in ortholog number from one to three. We identify a new domain specific to some nematode lineages and find an unexpected nuclear localization signal conserved in many Dsh orthologs. Our findings raise questions of protein evolution in general and provide clues as to how animals have dealt with the complex intricacies of having a protein, such as Dsh, act as a central messenger hub connected to many different and vitally important pathways. We discuss our findings in the context of functional specialization and bring many testable hypotheses to light.
Ellipsometry Studies of Semiconductor Surface Cleaning

Abstract : Ellipsometry is shown to provide a sensitive evaluation of the surface cleaning process based on in-situ and ex-situ studies of the cleaning of Si, Ge, and InP surfaces. Both single wavelengths and spectroscopic ellipsometry are shown to be applicable. The essential of the measurement and sample results are discussed. Ellipsometry, Surface cleaning
Ion Activity Coefficients in Ion Exchange Polymers: Applicability of Manning’s Counterion Condensation Theory

Manning’s counterion condensation theory, originally developed for polyelectrolyte solutions, was used to predict ion activity coefficients in charged (i.e., ion exchange) membranes with no adjustable parameters. Equilibrium sodium and chloride ion concentrations in negatively and positively charged membranes were determined experimentally as a function of external NaCl concentration, and ion activity coefficients in the membranes were obtained via a thermodynamic treatment. Theoretical values for membrane ion activity coefficients obtained via Manning’s model were compared with those obtained experimentally. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and theoretical values for membrane ion activity coefficients, especially at higher external NaCl concentrations. However, some deviation between experimental and theoretical values was observed in the dilute regime. Manning’s model was also used to obtain activity coefficients for various electrolytes in ion exchange resins using ion sorption data...
Modeling X-ray emission line profiles from massive star winds - A review

Abstract The Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes have led to numerous advances in the study and understanding of astrophysical X-ray sources. Particularly important has been the much increased spectral resolution of modern X-ray instrumentation. Wind-broadened emission lines have been spectroscopically resolved for many massive stars. This contribution reviews approaches to the modeling of X-ray emission line profile shapes from single stars, including smooth winds, winds with clumping, optically thin versus thick lines, and the effect of a radius-dependent photoabsorption coefficient.
Purification, crystallization and structural elucidation of D‐galactaro‐1,4‐lactone cycloisomerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens involved in pectin degradation

Pectin is found in the cell wall of plants and is often discarded as waste. A number of research groups are interested in redirecting this biomass waste stream for the production of fuel and bulk chemicals. The primary monomeric subunit of this polysaccharide is d-galacturonate, a six-carbon acid sugar that is degraded in a five-step pathway to central metabolic intermediates by some bacteria, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In the third step of the pathway, d-galactaro-1,4-lactone is converted to 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-threo-hexarate by a member of the mandelate racemase subgroup of the enolase superfamily with a novel activity for the superfamily. The 1.6 A resolution structure of this enzyme was determined, revealing an overall modified (β/α)7β TIM-barrel domain, a hallmark of the superfamily. d-Galactaro-1,4-lactone was manually docked into the active site located at the interface between the N-terminal lid domain and the C-terminal barrel domain. On the basis of the position of the lactone in the active site, Lys166 is predicted to be the active-site base responsible for abstraction of the α proton. His296 on the opposite side of the active site is predicted to be the general acid that donates a proton to the β carbon as the lactone ring opens. The lactone ring appears to be oriented within the active site by stacking interactions with Trp298.
Role of Controlled Lumbar CSF Drainage for ICP Control in Aneurysmal SAH

Background: A prospective study of lumbar CSF drainage in the setting of raised intra-cranial pressure refractory to medical management and ventriculostomy placement is presented. There has been increasing data that this may be a effective and safe intervention for reduction of ICP.
Energetics Considerations in Parachute Aerodynamic Design

This paper examines some simple uid mechanics principles that may help to understand parachute analysis, performance, and design from a rst principles perspective. We start our investigation by applying a basic conservation of momentum and energy analysis to the parachute system. As expected, this analysis illustrates how the wake-velocity de cit is a critical component of overall performance. What is less intuitive however, are the conclusions drawn from the system’s conservation of energy. Speci cally, in order to achieve the slowest steady state descent possible, the parachute system should minimize conversion of potential energy into ow kinetic energy while still maintaining the force equilibrium (vertical force equals weight). Based on our relatively simple analysis, we examine several di erent aerodynamic decelerator strategies and comment on each.
Interaction of a diaphragm pressure gage with a viscoelastic halfspace

The results of an analysis to determine the interaction between a diaphragm pressure transducer and a solid propellant grain are presented. The solutions to a clamped circular plate and a halfspace are superposed to yield the desired solution. The boundary conditions on the halfspace are shown to be such that the solution to an internally pressurized Sneddon “penny-shaped” crack is applicable for an incompressible material. The problem is first solved elastically, in terms of a material-stiffness parameter which relates the diaphragm stiffness to the propellant stiffness. The solution is then extended to viscoelastic behavior through parameterization of the stiffness parameter. The electrical output of the diaphragm gage is determined and compared with the output from hydrostatic calibration, in order to determine the error or loss in gage sensitivity based on hydrostatic calibration, due to the interaction between the gage and the propellant.
Prostate Cancer - Old Problems and New Approaches. (Part II. Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers, Pathology and Biological Aspects).

Diagnostic and prognostic markers for prostatic cancer (PCa) include conventional protein markers (e.g., PAP, PSA, PSMA, PIP, OA-519, Ki-67, PCNA, TF, collagenase, and TIMP 1), angiogenesis indicator (e.g., factor VIII), neuroendocrine differentiation status, adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, integrin), bone matrix degrading products (e.g., ICPT), as well as molecular markers (e.g., PSA, PSMA, p53, 12-LOX, and MSI). Currently, only PSA is used clinically for early diagnosis and monitoring of PCa. The histological differential diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma includes normal tissues such as Cowper's gland, paraganglion tissue and seminal vesicle or ejaculatory duct as well as pathological conditions such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, atrophy, basal cell hyperplasia and sclerosing adenosis. A common PCa is characterized by a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of its differentiation, microscopic growth patterns and biological aggressiveness. Most PCa are multifocal with signi ficant variations in tumor grade between anatomically separated tumor foci. The Gleason grading system which recognizes five major grades defined by patterns of neoplastic growth has gained almost uniform acceptance. In predicting the biologic behavior of PCa clinical and pathological stages are used as the major prognostic indicators. Among the cell proliferation and death regulators androgens are critical survival factors for normal prostate epithelial cells as well as for the androgen-dependent human prostatic cancer cells. The androgen ablation has been shown to increase the apoptotic index in prostatic cancer patients and castration also promotes apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma grown in mice. The progression of PCa, similarly to other malignancies, is a multistep process, accompanied by genetic and epigenetic changes, involving phenomenons as adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis (without prostate specific features).
Texture analysis and numerical simulation of cracking the anisotropic hot rolled drawing sheets

It's a kind of phemonemon of anisotropic material to crack hot rolled drawing sheet. The thesis analyzes the inner cracking reason for the hot rolled sheet based on texture orientation transformation, simulates the forming process of drawing sheet by the Barlat-Lian anisotropic yield criteria, and discusses the cracking mechanism in the deforming and stress distribution.
Research and Practice of the Cooperative Control and Prevention of HIV between University and Local

[Objective]This paper describes the importance and necessity of strategy research on the cooperative control and prevention of AIDS between university and local.A technical new plan of "three levels" for strategy on the cooperative control and prevention of HIV between university and local is constructed innovatively,that is the study of the management structure and the practice structure of AIDS control mechanism from the theoretical level,and understanding of the dependent relationships among "three levels".The research result has achieved good results after two year of practice and application,and it provides the beneficial reference for the further research of AIDS control.
Higher-order oligomerization of Spc110p drives γ-tubulin ring complex assembly

Assembly of the microtubule-nucleating γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) requires higher-order oligomerization of Spc110p, which connects γTuRC to the yeast spindle pole body (SPB). Because Spc110p is...
Book and Media Recommendations: Kitchen as Lab, Science in Writing, Who Are Your Students, and How to Help

Book reviews for five titles are presented. The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking through Science; The Story of Western Science: From the Writings of Aristotle to the Big Bang Theory; The Next America: Boomers, Millennials, and the Looming Generational Showdown; What Every Science Student Needs to Know: A Survival Guide for Undergrads; and Mindset: The New Psychology of Success—How We Can Learn to Fulfill Our Potential.
MO-FG-207B-00: State-of-the-Art in Radiomics in Radiology and Radiation Oncology

State-of-the-Art in Radiomics in Radiology and Radiation Oncology Radiomics is the science of converting medical images into mineable data, data that are descriptive of “phenotypes,” which may provide diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic information. Genomics is the science of sequencing and analyzing the function and structure of genomes; the complete set of DNA in a single cell of an organism. In turn, imaging genomics (or radiogenomics) is concerned with the correlation between image-based features, as determined by radiomics, and gene expression, as determined by genomics. Imaging genomics arose from decades of work in at least three key areas: 1) sequencing of the human genome, 2) quantitative imaging, computer-aided diagnosis, therapy prognostics, and assessment of therapy response in preclinical and clinical research and practice; and 3) data science, including the burgeoning areas of genomics, preclinical and population-based disease modeling, individualized medicine, and big data. Imaging genomics may answer important questions in medicine by correlating validated, quantitative image phenotypes (through validated imaging biomarkers) with clinical data, histopathologic data, molecular classifications, genomic assays, and treatment outcomes. This approach could address some of the greatest health burdens, including cancer, cardiac disease, and arthritis. Participants will discuss the state-of-the-art of radiomics across multiple disease sites and modalities. Aspects of the presentations will include how to improve the quality of image-based phenotypes of normal and diseased tissue, how to better determine the relationships between these phenotypes and the underlying biology associated with the images, and how to create predictive models using the image-based phenotypes. Topics will also include: 1) creating, archiving, curating and sharing ultra-large datasets (“big data”); 2) standardizing image acquisition and processing methods; 3) standardizing and validating phenotype extraction methods and classifier designs; and 4) using high-throughput, robust, and validated phenotyping systems. H. Aerts, NIH; NCIH. Li, This research was funded in part by the University of Chicago Dean Bridge Fund,and by NCI U24-CA143848-05, P50- CA58223 Breast SPORE program. Hui Li received royalties from Hologic.W. Lu, This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute Grants R01CA172638.
How microbes mobilize metals in ores: A review of current understandings and proposals for further research

Modes of microbial attack of metal carbonates, metal silicates, metal oxides and metal sulfides are summarized. The current status of microbial redox mechanisms, whereby metals in metal oxides and sulfides are mobilized, is discussed. Opposing theories of a single mode of attack involving interaction with a microbially produced reductant or oxidant in the bulk phase and of dual modes of attack involving a reaction requiring physical contact between microbe and mineral surface on the one hand and microbial production of a reductant or oxidant in the bulk phase that reacts with the mineral on the other hand are considered. No one mode when finally completely unraveled should be expected to fit all cases. Some biochemical, electronmicroscopic and spectrophotometric approaches for elucidation of missing details of different modes are suggested.
Polarization-Directed Surface Plasmon Polariton Launching.

The relative intensities of propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) simultaneously launched from opposing edges of a symmetric trench structure etched into a silver thin film may be controllably varied by tuning the linear polarization of the driving field. This is demonstrated through transient multiphoton photoemission electron microscopy measurements performed using a pair of spatially separated phase-locked femtosecond pulses. Our measurements are rationalized using finite-difference time domain simulations, which reveal that the coupling efficiency into the PSP modes is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the localized surface plasmon fields excited at the trench edges. Our combined experimental and computational results allude to the interplay between localized and propagating surface plasmon modes in the trench; strong coupling to the localized modes at the edges correlates to weak coupling to the PSP modes. Polarization-directed PSP launching measurements reveal an optimal PSP contrast ratio of...
Domestic Modern: Redecorating Homes in Bombay in the 1930s

In the 1930s, upper-class residents of Bombay were bombarded with ideas and products intended to make their homes modern. Showrooms, exhibitions, advertisements, and design books all addressed a consuming public newly interested in “the art and comfort of the home.” As Abigail McGowan demonstrates in Domestic Modern: Redecorating Homes in Bombay in the 1930s , attempts to remake Indian homes were hardly new; from the late nineteenth century on, sanitary reformers, girls’ educators, and urban planners introduced new principles of home management and hygiene into domestic space. In 1930s Bombay, attention shifted from household practices to style—a distinctively modern look expressed through new architectural spaces and the latest consumer goods. Recent scholarship has explored new building styles and practices in interwar India; McGowan argues that new kinds of furnishings and decor were equally important in defining what “the modern” meant in the city in this period.
Enumerating single destination, policy-preferred paths in AS-level Internet topology maps

Using AS-level Internet topology maps to determine accurate AS-level paths is essential for network diagnosis, performance optimization, reliability improvement, resiliency enforcement and topology-aware application development. One significant drawback that we have observed in many studies is simplifying the AS-level topology map of the Internet to an undirected graph, and then using the hop distance as a means to find the shortest paths between ASes. A less significant drawback is restricting the shortest paths to only valley-free paths. Both approaches usually inflate the number of paths between ASes; introduce erroneous paths that do not conform to economic policies; and generate symmetric paths, which in reality is not a rule. As a result, the derived conclusions might be greatly misleading. In this study we introduce a single-destination, policy-preferred path enumeration algorithm which discovers policy consistent paths from all ASes to a destination AS in an AS-level Internet topology graph. Considering that our algorithm's run time complexity is the same as Dijkstra's shortest paths algorithm, we believe that the proposed algorithm will notably enhance the future works that leverage AS-level Internet topology paths.
Unstented Extra Vesical Ureteroneocystostomy in Kidney Transplantation

An alternate procedure for extravesical ureteroneocystostomy is described. The procedure is useful because of the lateral placement of the ureter, limited cystotomy and limited exposure of the bladder. There were no ureteral complications in 11 patients undergoing kidney transplantation with this technique of urinary tract reconstruction.
Mycoplasma genitalium: Accurate Diagnosis Is Necessary for Adequate Treatment.

Background Mycoplasma genitalium is very difficult to grow in culture but has been more able to be studied for disease associations since the advent of research molecular amplification assays. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other molecular assays have demonstrated an association with adverse disease outcomes, such as urethritis or nongonococcal urethritis in men and adverse reproductive sequelae in women-for example, cervicitis, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), including an association with risk for human immunodeficiency virus. The lack of commercially available diagnostic assays has limited widespread routine testing. Increasing reports of high rates of resistance to azithromycin detected in research studies have heightened the need available commercial diagnostic assays as well as standardized methods for detecting resistance markers. This review covers available molecular methods for the diagnosis of M. genitalium and assays to predict the antibiotic susceptibility to azithromycin. Methods A PubMed (US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health) search was conducted for literature published between 2000 and 2016, using the search terms Mycoplasma genitalium, M. genitalium, diagnosis, and detection. Results Early PCR diagnostic tests focused on the MPa adhesion gene and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Subsequently, a transcription-mediated amplification assay targeting ribosomes was developed and widely used to study the epidemiology of M. genitalium. Newer methods have proliferated and include quantitative PCR for organism load, AmpliSens PCR, PCR for the pdhD gene, a PCR-based microarray for multiple sexually transmitted infections, and multiplex PCRs. None yet are cleared by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, although several assays are CE marked in Europe. As well, many research assays, including PCR, gene sequencing, and melt curve analysis, have been developed to detect the 23S ribosomal RNA gene mutations that confer resistance to azithromycin. One recently developed assay can test for both M. genitalium and azithromycin resistance mutations at the same time. Conclusions It is recommended that more commercial assays to both diagnose this organism and guide treatment choices should be developed and made available through regulatory approval. Research is needed to establish the cost-effectiveness of routine M. genitalium testing in symptomatic patients and screening in all individuals at high risk of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted infections.
Celiac Disease in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis-Related Bone Disease

Both cystic fibrosis (CF) and celiac disease can cause low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. Celiac disease may occur at a higher frequency in patients with CF than the general population, and symptoms of these conditions may overlap. We report on two patients presenting with CF-related bone disease in the past year who were subsequently found to have concurrent celiac disease. Because adherence to a gluten-free diet may improve BMD in patients with celiac disease, this could have important implications for treatment. Clinicians should consider screening for celiac disease in patients with CF who have low BMD, worsening BMD in the absence of other risk factors, and/or difficult to treat vitamin D deficiency.
Invariants of the Motion

Classifying the dynamical systems that one observes is a critical part of the analysis of measured signals. When the source of the signals is linear, we are used to the idea of identifying the spectral peaks in the Fourier spectrum of the signal. When we see a spectral peak at some frequency, we know that if we were to stimulate the same system at a different time with forcing of a different strength, we would see the spectral peak in the same location with possibly a different integrated power under the peak. The Fourier frequency is an invariant of the system motion. The phase associated with that frequency depends on the time at which the measurements begin, and the power under the peak depends on the strength of the forcing. Since chaotic motion produces continuous, broadband Fourier spectra, we clearly have to replace narrowband Fourier signatures with other characteristics of the system for purposes of identification and classification. The two major features which have emerged as classifiers are fractal dimensions and Lyapunov exponents. Fractal dimensions are characteristic of the geometric figure of the attractor and relate to the way points on the attractor are distributed in d E -dimensional space. Lyapunov exponents tell how orbits on the attractor move apart (or together) under the evolution of the dynamics. Both are invariant under the evolution operator of the system, and thus are independent of changes in the initial conditions of the orbit, and both are independent of the coordinate system in which the attractor is observed. This means we can evaluate them reliably in the reconstructed phase space made out of time delay vectors y(n) as described above. This is good news as it implies we can evaluate them from experimental data.
Parkinson’s disease-linked Parkin mutations impair glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity

Parkinson9s disease (PD)-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin is enriched at glutamatergic synapses, where it ubiquitinates multiple substrates, suggesting that its mutation/loss-of-function could contribute to the etiology of PD by disrupting excitatory neurotransmission. Here, we evaluate the impact of four common PD-associated Parkin point mutations (T240M, R275W, R334C, G430D) on glutamatergic synaptic function in hippocampal neurons. We find that expression of these point mutants in Parkin-deficient and -null backgrounds alters NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated currents and cell-surface levels, and prevents the induction of long-term depression. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Parkin regulates NMDA receptor trafficking through its ubiquitination of GluN1, and that all four mutants are impaired in this ubiquitinating activity. Furthermore, Parkin regulates synaptic AMPA receptor trafficking via its binding and retention of postsynaptic scaffold Homer1, and all mutants are similarly impaired in this capacity. Our findings demonstrate that pathogenic Parkin mutations disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity by impeding NMDA and AMPA receptor trafficking, and through these effects likely contribute to the pathophysiology of PD in PARK2 patients.
Dopaminergic and Antidopaminergic Effects on Heart Rate in Healthy Horses When Challenged With Brief 2-minute Exercise Bouts

Abstract Bromocriptine is a dopamine receptor agonist known to cause hypotension and bradycardia in several species. Five experiments were conducted to compare possible perturbations on heart rate (HR) in horses after a brief (2 minutes) exercise bout when exposed to either short-term or long-term treatment with bromocriptine, cabergoline, or pergolide (all commonly used dopaminergic agonists in horses) or sulpiride, a dopaminergic antagonist. For all experiments, prolactin was measured as an indicator of drug efficacy. Experiments 1 and 4 were conducted as a replicated Latin square, whereas experiments 2, 3, and 5 were double split plot designs. Experiment 1 tested changes in HR, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) concentrations when geldings were pretreated with 50 mg of bromocriptine 12 hours before exercise. Bromocriptine pretreatment reduced (P
Effects of Frame Repetition Through Cues in the Online Environment

Research has shown that message frames can shape a reader’s subsequent judgments on political issues. In the online news environment, additional cues outside the story may be present that can affec...
Individual and organizational factors that affect implementation of evidence-based practices for children with autism in public schools: a cross-sectional observational study

Children with autism receive most of their intervention services in public schools, but implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autism varies. Studies suggest that individual (attitudes) and organizational characteristics (implementation leadership and climate) may influence providers’ use of EBPs, but research is relatively limited in this area. This study examined individual and organizational factors associated with implementation of three EBPs—discrete trial training, pivotal response training, and visual schedules—for children with autism in special education classrooms in public elementary schools. Participants included 67 autism support teachers and 85 other classroom staff from 52 public elementary schools in the northeastern United States. Participants reported their attitudes toward EBPs (e.g., intuitive appeal, willingness if required, openness, and divergence), implementation leadership and climate of their school, and the frequency with which they deliver each of three EBPs. Linear regression was used to estimate the association of attitudes about EBPs with organizational characteristics and intensity of EBP use. Demographic covariates with a bivariate association with EBP use significant at p < .20 were entered into the adjusted models. There were significant findings for only one EBP, discrete trial training. Teachers who reported higher perceived divergence (perceived difference of usual practice with academically developed or research-based practices) between EBPs and current practices used less discrete trial training (f2 = .18), and teachers who reported higher appeal (willingness to adopt EBPs given their intuitive appeal) of EBPs used more discrete trial training (f2 = .22). No organizational factors were significantly associated with implementation with any of the three EBPs. Attitudes toward EBPs may affect teachers’ decisions to use EBPs; however, implementation leadership and climate did not predict EBP use. Future implementation efforts ought to consider the type of EBP and its fit within the context in terms of the EBP’s similarities to and differences from existing practices and programs in the setting. Implementation strategies that target individual attitudes about EBPs may be warranted in public schools.
Effectiveness-Based Design of an Aircraft Considering Mission Uncertainties

This paper proposes a new design exploration methodology, effectiveness-based design (EBD), to incorporate multidisciplinary analysis and design optimization, and uncertainty quantification earlier...
Comparison of Outcomes of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Heart Failure with versus without Sepsis: Nationwide Study from 2007-14

Purpose This study explores the impact of severe sepsis and septic shock on morbidity, mortality and length of stay in patients admitted to the hospital with a primary diagnosis of heart failure in acute exacerbation. Methods We examined National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from years 2007-14 for all hospital admissions with heart failure admitted with acute exacerbation with vs without sepsis. ICD9 codes were utilized for selecting the study group. We compared baseline characteristics of the two groups using parametric and non-parametric tests for continuous variables and Chi-Squares test for dichotomous variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to draw comparisons between incidence of cardiogenic shock, in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). Our analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, payer, income quartiles, hospital location, region, size and teaching status. Comorbidities in charlson comorbidity Index were accounted for in our analysis. Missing values for covariates in the regression analysis were adjusted by using multivariate imputation by chained equations technique to ensure valid statistical inference. Results From 2007-2014, a total of 7,000,805 patients were included in the aforementioned study group. 1.08% (75,765) of the study population had concomitant diagnosis of Sepsis. Study population did not significantly differ in age (mean age 72.8 yrs. (HF)vs 71.4 yrs. (HF w Sepsis) p>0.05).HF with sepsis group were more likely to be males (p Conclusion This nation-wide study indicates that concomitant sepsis in patients admitted for heart failure exacerbation significantly increases morbidity and mortality in terms of cardiogenic shock and longer length of stay.
Dose-Escalated, Intratumoral TLR9 Agonist and Low-Dose Radiation Induce Abscopal Effects in Follicular Lymphoma

Abstract Abscopal effects, systemic tumor regression following localized therapy, are induced by radiation therapy and augmented with intratumoral immunostimulation. Based on a preclinical lymphoma model, we previously investigated low-dose immunostimulation with a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist in combination with fractionated, low-dose radiation therapy in relapsed/refractory NHL (NCT00185965) and Mycosis Fungoides (NCT00226993). In an attempt to improve the potency of the immune responses and the rate of clinical responses, the dose of CpG was increased 3-fold and enrollment broadened to include treatment-naive as well as relapsed/refractory low-grade lymphoma (NCT00880581). We treated 15 treatment-naive patients and 15 relapsed/refractory patients with follicular lymphoma using low-dose radiotherapy to a single tumor site followed by 18mg of the C-G enriched, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) TLR9 agonist, PF-3512676 injected at the same site, with injections repeated 10 times weekly. Clinical responses were assessed at distant, untreated tumor sites. Immune responses were evaluated by measuring T-cell activation after in vitro re-stimulation with autologous tumor cells. The in situ vaccination with escalated-dose CpG was well tolerated with 16 cases of grade 1 to 2 local or systemic reactions including 2 cases of possibly-related autoimmune disease and no treatment-limiting adverse events. Among treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients, four and three patients, respectively, had partial responses with median duration of response of 29 and 12 weeks, respectively. Two and four patients, respectively, had stable disease of duration greater than one year with median time to best clinical benefit among patients with a response or stable disease of 31 and 12 weeks. The range of time to best response was broad, from 10 to 184 weeks (see Figure). Median progression-free survival was similar among treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients, at 41 and 35 weeks, respectively, and median overall survival was not reached in either cohort with median follow-up of 2.6 and 3.5 years. Importantly, in response to in situ vaccination, all patients made tumor-specific immune responses within 2 to 4 weeks post-vaccination with the most informative markers being the activation marker CD278 (ICOS) for CD4 T cell response among the CD45RO+ memory subset, and perforin and granzyme B for CD8 T cell responses. Based on the anti-lymphoma activity observed we have recently initiated two Phase I/II dose-escalation trials of a second-generation TLR9 agonist and radiation therapy in relapsed/refractory low-grade NHL and relapsed NHL post-allogeneic transplant (NCT01745354). Download : Download high-res image (142KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures Advani: Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Other, Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Takeda International Pharmaceuticals Co.: Research Funding.
The Feminized Cosmopolite Eiron in Elizabeth Hamilton’s Translations of the Letters of a Hindoo Rajah

ABSTRACTThe eponymous Asian narrator of Elizabeth Hamilton’s epistolary Oriental satire embodies the role of a feminized cosmopolite outsider who seeks to understand British Enlightenment culture o...
Impact of Affect on Lung Transplant Candidate Outcomes

Background:We examined the association of adult lung transplant candidates’ self-reported affect with transplant-related outcomes, evaluating whether a positive (vs negative) frame of mind might be...
Deep Learning-Based Domain Adaptation Method for Fault Diagnosis in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Quality inspection in semiconductor manufacturing is of great importance in the modern industries. In the recent years, intelligent data-driven condition monitoring methods have been successfully developed and applied in the industrial applications. However, despite the promising condition monitoring performance, the existing methods generally assume the training and testing data are from the same distribution. In practice, due to variations in manufacturing process, the collected data are usually subject to different distributions in different operating conditions, that significantly deteriorates the performance of the data-driven methods. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep learning-based domain adaptation method for fault diagnosis in semiconductor manufacturing. The maximum mean discrepancy metric is optimized on the learned high-level data representation in the deep neural network. Experimental results on a real-world semiconductor manufacturing dataset suggest the proposed method offers an effective and generalized data-driven fault diagnosis approach for quality inspection.
Clinical Accommodations and Simulation

To assist health science education programs in collaborating with students and trainees, this chapter addresses four areas underpinning effective accommodations. First, programs should identify disability resource professionals (DRPs), experts on disability and accommodation laws, and accommodations who can facilitate productive dialogue between the program and student; we provide tools to systematically determine curricular accommodations. Second, we describe techniques for integrating accommodations into a curriculum’s educational formative and summative assessments. Third, healthcare students and professionals with disabilities draw on their expertise to outline specific strategies and accommodations in classroom and clinical contexts, including the operating room and clinical emergencies; these are categorized by disability to facilitate the reader’s rapid reference. Fourth, educators can creatively engage existing clinical simulation labs in the clinical assessment of students with disabilities, determining effective accommodations for the clinical environment, and innovating solutions to clinical barriers for students with disabilities. With these time-tested tools and strategies for identifying and delivering accommodations, drawn directly from expert DRPs and people with disabilities, health science educators can successfully and fully open their programs to people with disabilities as future healthcare professionals.
The origins of allergy from a systems approach

Abstract Objective The origin of allergic disease has traditionally been explained by IgEmediated immune responses to account for asthma, atopic dermatitis, atopic rhinitis, and food allergy. Research insights into disease origins support broader array of factors that predispose, initiate, or exacerbate altered immunity in allergic diseases: inherent epithelial barrier dysfunction, loss of immune tolerance, disturbances in gut and organ-specific microbiomes, diet, and age. Here, we discuss these influences that together form a better understanding of allergy as a systems disease. Data Sources We summarize recent advances in epithelial dysfunction, environmental influences, inflammation, infection, alterations in specific microbiome, and inherent genetic predisposition. Study Selections We performed a literature search targeting primary and review articles. Results We explored microbial-epithelial-immune interactions underlying the early-life origins of allergic disorders, and examined immune mechanisms suggesting novel disease prevention or intervention strategies. Damage to epithelial surfaces lies at the origin of various manifestations of allergic disease. As a sensor of environmental stimuli, the epithelium of the lungs, gut, and skin is impacted by an altered microbiome, air pollution, food allergens in a changed diet, and chemicals in modern detergents. This collectively leads to alterations of lung, skin, or gut epithelial surfaces, driving a type-2 immune response that underlies atopic diseases. Treatment and prevention of allergic diseases include biologics, oral desensitization, targeted gut microbiome alterations, and changes in behavior. Conclusion Understanding the spectrum of allergy as a systems disease will allow us to better define the mechanisms of allergic disorders and improve their treatment.
Evidence-Based Protocol for Ophthalmology Consult for Orbital Fractures.

Purpose Previous retrospective studies demonstrate that urgent evaluation by an ophthalmologist for orbital fractures is not required in visually asymptomatic patients, although a consult is often seen as a necessity in many hospital institutions. To determine when an ophthalmology consult is indicated for a surgical patient, the oral and maxillofacial and ophthalmology departments at 1 institution collaborated for an evidence-based approach utilizing retrospective and prospective data. Patients and Methods The retrospective arm looked at patients from 2012 to 2017, who had an isolated, surgically repaired orbital fracture without preoperative ophthalmology consultation. A prospective arm was then created from August 2019 to July 2020 with a designed protocol that determined which patients required an ophthalmology consult preoperatively. Extra-ocular movements, visual acuity, and diplopia were examined in the preoperative and postoperative setting to determine if the lack of an ophthalmology consult adversely affected patient outcome. Results Of the retrospective patients who met criteria, 82 of the 84 (98%) patients had a normal postoperative examination: baseline visual acuity, intact extra-ocular movement, and no diplopia. The 2 of the 84 (2%) patients had postoperative diplopia consistent with preop examination. In the prospective group, 10 of the 39 patients required a preop ophthalmology consult while 29 of 39 did not require one. A normal postoperative examination was present in 26 of the 29 patients (90%). Of those 3 remaining patients, 2 patients (7%) had postoperative diplopia consistent with preoperative while 1 patient (3%) had postoperative diplopia without preoperative diplopia. Conclusions The authors conclude that a routine ophthalmology consult is not warranted in visually asymptomatic patients with orbital fractures requiring surgical repair.
Single-cell RNA sequencing: one step closer to the clinic

Single-cell RNA-sequencing can help in the prediction of drug resistance in patients with multiple myeloma.
New explicit exact traveling wave solutions of Camassa–Holm equation

In this paper, we construct two families of new explicit exact traveling wave solutions of the Camassa–Holm equation which solve an open problem in the previous paper [Zhang G, Qiao ZJ, Liu F. Cusp...
Culture and Prosocial Behavior

Anthropologists describe the norms of behavior (including cognitions, beliefs, ideals, and values) that are traditional, typical (or modal), and “expected” of people in particular cultures or subcultures. The array of cultural variation is enormous. As Margaret Mead concluded, “human nature is almost unbelievably malleable, responding accurately and contrastingly to contrasting cultural conditions” (Mead, 1935, p. 191). In many cultures, prosocial conduct predominates, whereas in others, egoistic and selfish qualities are the norm. Recall the sharp contrast between the self-seeking, hostile Ik and the gentle, humane Hopi described earlier. Turnbull (1972) compared the Ik to members of other hunting societies who “frequently display those characteristics that we find so admirable in man, kindness, generosity, consideration, affection, honesty, hospitality, compassion, charity. For them, in their tiny closeknit society these are necessities for survival”. Turnbull hypothesized that the Ik lost these qualities when their established culture and traditions disintegrated completely because of a combination of disastrous historical, political, and technological events. Societies and cultures can be maintained only if their members have at least some concern about each other, but the degree of social concern varies greatly from culture to culture. Cooperation and social responsibility are outstanding features of some cultures, but these qualities are not highly valued in others. Margaret Mead (1935) found two tribes on the same island, New Guinea, with strikingly different patterns of personality and behavior. Members of one, the Arapesh, were gentle, loving, cooperative, generous, unaggressive people who were highly responsive to the needs and feelings of others and unconcerned about personal property.