cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of an ultralight metal filler on the bending collapse behavior of thin-walled prismatic columns

Abstract The effect of low-density metal filler, such as aluminum foam or honeycomb, is studied on the bending collapse resistance of thin–walled prismatic columns. A combination of analytical and numerical results is used to predict the initial and post collapse response of empty and filled columns. Closed-formed solutions for the bending-rotation characteristics are constructed in terms of the geometrical parameters and the filler strength. The low-density metal core retards sectional collapse of the thin-wall column, and increases bending resistance for the same rotation angle. Numerical simulations show that, in terms of achieving the highest energy absorption to weight ratio, columns with aluminum honeycomb or foam core are preferable to thickening the column wall. Moreover, the presence of adhesive improved the specific energy absorption significantly.
Sex‐specific differences in spatial behaviour in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis

Territoriality in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is studied in the laboratory. In rectangular enclosures, male flies exhibit a lower tolerance (occupation of the same physical space) of same-sex conspecifics than do females. In circular arenas, male flies show significantly higher levels of spatial separation among themselves (as determined from nearest neighbour analyses) than do females: males show a slight tendency towards a uniform distribution, whereas females exhibit a slight tendency towards clustering. The male spatial behaviour occurs during the photophase but not the scotophase, suggesting that visual cues are required for maintenance of inter-individual spacing. No significant differences in male spacing behaviour occur between subjective day and subjective night in either constant dark or constant light conditions, suggesting that spatial patterning is not driven by a circadian rhythm.
Landscape composition influences pollinators and pollination services in perennial biofuel plantings

Biofuel cropping systems are considered a potential source of renewable energy and an integral component of a sustainable energy policy. The type of biofuel crop selected for production has the capacity to substantially alter landscape composition, affecting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. To understand how increasing production of perennial grasses for biofuels may affect pollinators and pollination services, we identified 20 agricultural fields that varied in their proportion of surrounding grassland cover. Bees and pollination services were measured at each site to determine how bee abundance, diversity, and community composition responded to increasing proportions of grassland, and to quantify how pollination services changed as the proportion of grassland increased in the landscape. Bees were collected from sentinel sunflowers, and pollination services were measured by comparing seed set from open and closed sunflowers at each site. Landscape composition had a significant effect on bee abundance, diversity, and community composition with a greater abundance of bees and a more diverse bee community found visiting flowers at sites with more of the surrounding landscape in perennial grassland. In contrast, the bee community in low grassland sites was dominated by Apis mellifera, suggesting that pollination in these landscapes may be more sensitive to declines in this species. Despite these differences, the level of sunflower pollination was similar across sites, even though the bee community responded to changes in landscape composition. Increasing grassland cover through the addition of perennial biofuel plantings would be expected to support a more diverse bee community and a greater abundance of bees, yielding reliable pollination services.
Shock following intravenous pyelography in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

REFERENCES 1. Duke-Elder S, and Dobree JH: Diseases of the retina, in Duke-Elder S, editor: System of ophthalmology, vol. 10, St. Louis, 1967, The CV Mosby, p 508. 2. Dubois E: Lupus erythematosus, New York, 1966, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, p 220. 3. Sharp GC, Irvin W, Tan EM, Gould RG, and Holman HR: Mixed connective tissue disease-an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody tO extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), Am J Med 52:148, 1972. 4. Sanders DY, Huntley CC, and Sharp GC: Mixed connective tissue disease in a child, J P~D1ATR 83:642, 1973. 5. Bruce GM: Refinitis in dermatomyositis, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 32:282, 1938. 6. London RD, in Karelitz S: Conference at the Mount Sinai hospital of New York, Pediatrics 36:817, 1950. 7. Nutt AB: Late fundus ch~inges m a case of acute dermatomyositis, Proc R Soc Med 44:979, 1951. 8. Braun-Vallon S: Poikilo-dermatomyosite chez l'enfant, Bull Soc Ophthalmol Fr 9:945, 1959. 9. Munro S: Fundus appearances in a case of acute dermatomyositis, Br J Ophthalmol 43;548, 1959. 10. Cook CD, Rosen FS, and Banker BQ: Dermatomyositis and focal scleroderma, Pediatr Clin North Am 10:979, 1963. 11. Harrison SM, Frenkel M, Grossman BJ; and Matalon R: Retinopathy in childhood dermatomyositis, Am J Ophthalmol 76:786, 1973. 12. Schaller J: Arthritis as a presenting manifestation of malignancy in childhood, J PEDIATR 81:793, 1972.
The taxonomy of xylorhiza (Asteraceae-Astereae)

As treated here,Xylorhiza is a genus of eight species and two varieties of shrubs and suffruticose perennials. The relationships of the genus with others in the tribe Astereae is in need of more intensive study. However,Xylorhiza is easily distinguished fromMachaeranthera, to which there is purportedly a close relationship, and merits generic status.
The ecology of adolescent substance abuse service utilization.

This paper presents an ecological-community model toward the explanation of variation in patterns of substance abuse (SA) service utilization among adolescents who are enrolled in Tennesssee’s Medicaid program (TennCare). Guided by a theoretical framework that draws from the social ecology work of Bronfenbrenner and health services utilization models promoted by Aday and Andersen, we apply a social indicators approach toward explaining the impact of community ecology on identification of SA and treatment engagement. Both county-level rates and individual-level treatment utilization are examined and hierarchical linear modeling is incorporated to examine the individual-in-community phenomenon. This study is an expansion of previous service utilization research and suggests that explanations of youth’s service utilization must necessarily include not only individual, familial, and service system characteristics, but community factors, as well.
Quasiperiodic Raman technique for ultrashort pulse generation.

We report the experimental demonstration of a new Raman technique that produces 200 sidebands, ranging in wavelength from $3\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ to 195 nm. By studying multiphoton ionization of nitric oxide (NO) molecules, we show mutual phase coherence among 15 visible sidebands covering 0.63 octaves of bandwidth.
Extended axiomatic conjoint measurement: a solution to a methodological problem in studying fertility-related behaviors

This paper has three purposes: (1) to develop a methodology based on axiomatic conjoint measure ment to accompany the McClelland (1980) fertility de cision-making model; (2) to demonstrate the use of the methodology by applying it to the study of a specific fertility-related behavior (contraceptive choice); and (3) to evaluate the usefulness and validity of the model and its methodology for studying fertility-re lated behaviors. The within-persons methodology de veloped is contrasted with the across-persons method ology customarily used to test expectancy-value models of behavior. Index terms: Conjoint mea surement, Contraception, Decision making, Expec tancy-value models, Preference models, Within-per sons analysis.
Improving the quality of electrical-engineering periclase by antihydration treatment

The treatment of powders of electrical engineering periclase in the silicoorganic liquid GKZh-94 makes it possible to eliminate hydration during storage and to increase the electrical resistivity.
Dynamical X-ray Diffraction from ZnS y Se 1−y /GaAs (001) Multilayers and Superlattices with Dislocations

High-resolution x-ray diffraction is a valuable nondestructive tool for structural characterization of semiconductor heterostructures, and the diffraction profiles contain information on the depth profiles of strain, composition, and defect densities in device structures. Much of this information goes untapped because the lack of phase information prevents direct inversion of the diffraction profile. The current practice is to use dynamical simulations in conjunction with a curve-fitting procedure to indirectly extract the profiles of strain and composition. These dynamical simulations have been based on perfect, dislocation-free laminar crystals, rendering the analysis inapplicable to structures having dislocation densities greater than about 106 cm−2. In this work we present a dynamical model for Bragg x-ray diffraction in semiconductor device structures with nonuniform composition, strain, and dislocation density, which is based on the Takagi–Taupin equation for distorted crystals and accounts for the angular and strain broadening of dislocations. We show that the x-ray diffraction profiles from ZnS y Se1−y multilayers and superlattices are strongly affected by the depth distribution of the dislocation density as well as the composition, suggesting that it should be possible to extract the profiles of composition, strain, and dislocation density by the analysis of measured diffraction profiles.
Collisions of Silylium Cations with Hydroxyl-Terminated and Other Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces: Reactions, Dissociation, and Surface Characterization

Silylium cations, SiCl3+ and Si(CH3)3+, undergo dissociative ion/surface reactions in the course of low-energy (20−90 eV) collisions with hydroxyl-terminated (HO−SAM), hydrocarbon (H−SAM), and fluo...
Optical properties of UV transmitting acrylics for use in a heavy water Cerenkov detector

The absorption, refraction, and scattering properties of several UV transmitting acrylics have been investigated over the wavelength range 300-700 nm using a combination of near-normal incidence regular transmittance and reflectance and diffuse-only reflectance measurements, followed by a Fresnel and a Kubelka-Munk analysis. The samples were evaluated in the as-cast and thermoformed forms, and both before and after an accelerated aging procedure. The results show significant differences in the optical behavior of the various acrylics in the UV region and stress the importance of carefully characterizing acrylic from different sources for each intended use. In our case, acrylic is the proposed material for a heavy water containment vessel for the detection of solar neutrinos. The significance of our findings to the overall performance of this Cerenkov detector, known as the Sudbury neutrino observatory detector, is discussed.
The impact of a written parental consent policy on estimates from a school-based drug use survey.

The authors examine differences between mean, variance, and correlation parameter estimates derived from afull school-based sample and subsamples restricted by the provision of parental consent. A total of 1,607 students at 21 continuation high schools and 1,192 students at 3 traditional high schools completed a survey containing variables related to socio demographics, drug use, mental health, and veolence. The employment of a researcher-initiated home-telephone-call procedure substantially increased the parental response rate over a student-/ school-assisted consent method. The subsamples restricted by the written consent criterion showed some small biases in estimates of sociodemographic variables but little or no biases on measures related to mental health, drug use, or violence measures. The augmentation of the written consent samples with verbally consented students reduced observed biases.
Oxidation of glutathione and superoxide generation by inorganic and organic selenium compounds

The carcinostatic activities of selenium (Se) compounds have been shown to be composition and concentration dependent. Several studies have indicated that the ratios between glutathione (GSH) and Se may play an important role in Se catalysis and toxicity. The present study examined the catalytic effect of three selenium compounds on GSH oxidation using lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) as an indirect measure of superoxide generation. Various GSH:Se ratios were assayed for the glutathione oxidase activity of selenite, selenocystamine and diselenodipropionic acid. CL emitted from the reaction of selenite with GSH increased more rapidly and was greater than those from the diselenides, but the diselenide CL reactions were sustainable. Both selenite- and diselenide-induced CL were markedly suppressed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Iodoacetic acid (IAc) effectively inhibited CL generated from selenite-, selenocystamine- and diselenodipropionic acid-catalyzed GSH oxidation. These results suggest that GSH oxidation catalyzed by selenite, and the diselenides selenocystamine and diselenodipropionic acid, generated the superoxide radical in which the CL was inhibited by SOD. Furthermore, CL inhibition by IAc suggests that the catalytic species producing superoxide were the GSSe(-) or RSe(-) anion. This redox chemistry may be responsible for selenite and organoselenium toxicity and apoptosis, making possible the design and synthesis of organoselenium-containing pharmaceuticals.
Metabolic complementarity and genomics of the dual bacterial symbiosis of sharpshooters

Mutualistic intracellular symbiosis between bacteria and insects is a widespread phenomenon that has contributed to the global success of insects. The symbionts, by provisioning nutrients lacking from diets, allow various insects to occupy or dominate ecological niches that might otherwise be unavailable. One such insect is the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata), which feeds on xylem fluid, a diet exceptionally poor in organic nutrients. Phylogenetic studies based on rRNA have shown two types of bacterial symbionts to be coevolving with sharpshooters: the gamma-proteobacterium Baumannia cicadellinicola and the Bacteroidetes species Sulcia muelleri. We report here the sequencing and analysis of the 686,192–base pair genome of B. cicadellinicola and approximately 150 kilobase pairs of the small genome of S. muelleri, both isolated from H. coagulata. Our study, which to our knowledge is the first genomic analysis of an obligate symbiosis involving multiple partners, suggests striking complementarity in the biosynthetic capabilities of the two symbionts: B. cicadellinicola devotes a substantial portion of its genome to the biosynthesis of vitamins and cofactors required by animals and lacks most amino acid biosynthetic pathways, whereas S. muelleri apparently produces most or all of the essential amino acids needed by its host. This finding, along with other results of our genome analysis, suggests the existence of metabolic codependency among the two unrelated endosymbionts and their insect host. This dual symbiosis provides a model case for studying correlated genome evolution and genome reduction involving multiple organisms in an intimate, obligate mutualistic relationship. In addition, our analysis provides insight for the first time into the differences in symbionts between insects (e.g., aphids) that feed on phloem versus those like H. coagulata that feed on xylem. Finally, the genomes of these two symbionts provide potential targets for controlling plant pathogens such as Xylella fastidiosa, a major agroeconomic problem, for which H. coagulata and other sharpshooters serve as vectors of transmission.
A survey instrument for understanding the complexity of software maintenance

Software maintenance is a multi-faceted, multidimensional effort that, upon inspection, is larger and more complex than it first seems. At least three components contribute to the complexity of the software maintenance effort: (1) the code and documentation being produced, (2) the process used to manage the maintenance, and (3) the maintenance and target computer system environments. This paper describes the development and use of a simple spreadsheet tool designed to measure the complexity of a software maintenance release. The tool can be used by software maintenance managers to direct their attention at the cost drivers associated with a software maintenance release, to aid in the re-engineering decision, and to keep track of the degradation or improvement associated with a software system due to maintenance actions or process improvements. The approach has been successful in identifying complex deliveries and identifying components that contributed the greatest to that complexity.
Role for the Salmonella Flavohemoglobin in Protection from Nitric Oxide

Abstract Hemoglobin homologs are being identified in an expanding number of unicellular prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Many of these hemoglobins are twodomain proteins that possess a flavin-containing reductase in their C terminus. Determination of a function for these flavohemoglobins has been elusive. ASalmonella typhimurium strain harboring a deletion in the flavohemoglobin gene shows no difference in growth under oxidative stress conditions but displays an increased sensitivity to acidified nitrite and S-nitrosothiols, both of which produce nitric oxide. The effect is seen aerobically or anaerobically, indicating that oxygen is not required for flavohemoglobin function. These results suggest a role for the bacterial flavohemoglobins that is independent of oxygen metabolism and provide evidence for a bacterial route of protection from nitric oxide that is distinct from oxidative stress responses.
Synthesis and release of GH and prolactin from the rat anterior pituitary in vitro as functions of age and sex.

GH and prolactin of rat anterior pituitary were fractionated by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. In vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into these hormone fractions was measured in male and female rats at ages ranging from 14 to 120 days. Their rates of synthesis and release were found to change markedly during growth, and to be different between sexes. Generally, synthesis and release of GH were greater in males, whereas synthesis and release of prolactin were greater in females. The rates of synthesis and release of GH increased more rapidly in males, and those of prolactin more rapidly in females after 30 days of age. In male rats, GH synthesis was high for 7 weeks after birth, during which time the body weight increased rapidly; thereafter the rate decreased with age. There was no change in GH synthesis in female rats with age. Prolactin synthesis increased with age in both sexes, at a greater rate in females than in males.
Clear cell papillary carcinoma of the liver: An unusual variant of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinomas may be extrahepatic or intrahepatic; the latter are further divided into hilar and peripheral types. Peripheral cholangiocarcinomas often resemble adenocarcinomas arising in other organs. Although clear cell changes may occur in hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, peripheral cholangiocarcinomas with clear cell change are rare. In such cases, an extrahepatic primary carcinoma must be excluded. We present a patient with a large, clear cell papillary carcinoma in the liver. Extensive workup of the patient for other possible primary sites including kidneys, adrenals, thyroid, prostate, or urinary bladder failed to indicate any other neoplasm. The patient is alive without evidence of disease 30 months after complete resection. The histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic results were most consistent with a neoplasm in the cholangiocarcinoma family. To the best of our knowledge, a clear cell papillary peripheral cholangio carcinoma has not been described previously. This neoplasm may be related to the recently described clear cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.
Continuous Monitoring of Gaseous Formaldehyde Using an Improved Fluorescence Approach

Abstract A continuous monitor for gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) has been developed which avoids key limitations of previous monitors. The Hantzsch reaction, the cyclization of a β-diketone, an amine, and formaldehyde, is used to produce a fluorescent derivative from HCHO. Use of 254 nm light for excitation provides fluorescence sensitivity nearly four times that obtained previously with 406 nm excitation. This improvement in fluorescence sensitivity leads to a gaseous detection limit of 0.2 ppbv with a glass coil scrubber as the collection device for gaseous HCHO. The Hantzsch reaction provides high selectivity, high reagent stability, and low reagent cost, while the glass coil provides high efficiency, stability of behavior, and simplicity of design. The monitor consequently provides sensitive and specific measurement of gaseous HCHO in a reliable and simple device. The rise and fall times of the instrument response are both 80 seconds, with a lag time of 120 seconds. Repetitive calibrations during extende...
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Associated Lymphoepithelioma-Like Thymic Carcinoma Associated With Paraneoplastic Syndrome of Polymyositis: A Rare Tumor With Rare Association

Thymic carcinomas are rare neoplasms representing less than 1% of all thymic malignancies arising from thymic epithelium. Lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma is a high grade neoplasm with aggressive features and frequent metastasis. Association of lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinomas with Epstein-Barr virus was observed in several previously reported case reports. Paraneoplastic syndromes have been reported with lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma. We report a case of rare association of paraneoplastic syndrome of polymyositis with lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma. The case highlights generalized increase in fluoro-deoxy-glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles indicating biopsy proven polymyositis-a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Analysis of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer During Condensation of High Temperature Glide Zeotropic Mixtures in Small Channels

Condensing zeotropic mixtures have the potential to improve the thermodynamic performance of power generating, cooling, and heating systems. Further improvements can be realized by developing equipment using mini- and microchannels. However, it has been shown that the concentration gradients arising from the changing composition of the vapor and liquid phases during condensation introduce additional mass transfer resistances, degrading the overall heat transfer. Furthermore, the coupled heat and mass transfer in mixtures at this scale is not well understood. Results from experiments on condensation of ammonia/water mixtures at varying concentration (80–100% NH3), mass flux (G = 50 − 200 kg m−2 s−1), and tube diameter (D = 0.98–2.16 mm) are reported here. Other researchers have reported an apparent heat transfer coefficient for zeotropic mixtures, which fails to explicitly account for mass transfer. The present work quantifies the liquid film heat transfer coefficient by accounting for mass transfer through a film model approach, which allows the relative significance of the vapor and liquid heat and mass transfer resistances to be quantified.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
False recognition following study of semantically related lists presented in jumbled word form

Three experiments explored a jumbled word effect in false recognition. Lists of theme-related items were presented in word or nonword form. Results indicated that critical lures semantically related to studied items were falsely recognised regardless of whether they were presented as words or nonwords. High false recognition rates to either SLEEP or SELEP following study of an appropriate theme list of items in nonword form should only occur if nonwords are recoded at study. With study conditions conducive to recoding, jumbled words induced false recognitions based on semantic associations among their respective base words. Disrupting a recoding process by creating "difficult" letter rearrangements for jumbled words (Experiment 2) appeared to eliminate the false recognition effect. In Experiment 3, presentation durations ranged from 110 ms to 880 ms. Although there was little evidence of a semantic false recognition effect at the fastest presentation rate, the brief durations appeared to be effective in eliminating the effect when items were studied in nonword form. These results appear to be consistent with an encoding activation/retrieval monitoring model.
Terahertz spectroscopic characterization of cancer cells

This work presents the first demonstration of the characterization of cancer cells using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique in the low terahertz frequency range of 10-25 cm -1 and shows how this technique can be used to discriminate between two types of cancer (prostate and bladder) in cell culture. Samples of cancer cells suspended in buffer solution with the ratio of dry material to liquid ~ 1:10 were prepared and measured. The work will serve as the foundation for future work defining specific spectra associated with different tumor histologies and tumor progression and metastasis.
Effects of Parity, Bacteriological Status, Stage of Lactation, and Dry Period on N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Activity of Milk and Dry Secretion

Abstract Quarter foremilk samples from 61 cows were obtained at 1.5, 3, 21, and 35 wk of lactation and at 7 d after drying off. Measurements for each sample were milk SCC, NAGase activity in the milk and ability of milk to promote phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Milk SCC and NAGase were correlated (r = .62). The NAGase in dry cow secretion was 10-fold higher than in milk. Parity differences in NAGase activity were not significant. There were large stage of lactation trends in NAGase: NAGase activity was high in early lactation, decreased in midlactation, and increased in late lactation and in dry secretion. The increase in activity of the enzyme in milk of first parity cows in late lactation was not as great as in milk of second and third lactation cows. N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity of milk from quarters with intramammary infections was higher than that of milk from quarters free of pathogens.
The Kinetic Chain in Overhand Pitching: Its Potential Role for Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention

The overhead throwing motion is a coordinated effort of muscle units from the entire body, culminating with explosive motion of the upper extremity. The throwing motion occurs at a rapid pace, making analysis difficult in real time. Electromyographic studies and high-speed video recordings have provided invaluable details regarding the involved musculature, the sequence of muscle involvement, and associated kinematic variables. The goal of the present article is to provide an overview of the kinetic chain—that is, a detailed description of the muscular coordination during each phase of pitching—and to describe specific types of pitches. An enhanced understanding of the components of the kinetic chain and the phases of the throwing motion can provide important information for rehabilitation, performance enhancement, and injury prevention.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met and Blood Glucose: A Synergistic Effect on Memory

Age-related declines in episodic memory performance are frequently reported, but their mechanisms remain poorly understood. Although several genetic variants and vascular risk factors have been linked to mnemonic performance in general and age differences therein, it is unknown whether and how they modify age-related memory declines. To address that question, we investigated the effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism that affects secretion of BDNF, and fasting blood glucose level (a vascular risk factor) on episodic memory in a sample of healthy volunteers (age 19-77). We found that advanced age and high-normal blood glucose levels were associated with reduced recognition memory for name-face associations and poorer prose recall. However, elevated blood glucose predicted lower memory scores only in carriers of the BDNF 66Met allele. The effect on associative memory was stronger than on free recall. These findings indicate that even low-level vascular risk can produce negative cognitive effects in genetically susceptible individuals. Alleviation of treatable vascular risks in such persons may have a positive effect on age-related cognitive declines.
Patterned Live Neural Networks by Induced Electrical Fields for Bio-Sensing

It is estimated that about 18 million people worldwide suffer from dementia and it is projected to increase to about 35 million by the year 2025. All types of dementia occur due to an aberration in memory retention and development, caused by malfunctioning neurons. Experimental investigation of the dynamics of biological networks is a fundamental step towards understanding how the nervous system works. Activity-dependant modification of synaptic strength is widely recognized as cellular basis of learning, memory and developmental plasticity. Understanding memory formation and development, thus translates to changes in the electrical activity of the neurons. It is not possible to achieve this understanding at a cellular level by in vivo studies. To map the changes in the electrical activity it is essential to conduct in-vitro studies on individual neurons. Hence there is an enormous need to develop novel ways for assembly of highly controlled neuronal networks. To this end, we used a 5 × 5 multiple microel...
Théorie des niveaux profonds de lacunes dans In1-yGayAs 1-xPx

Les energies des niveaux profonds de symetrie A1 et T2 relatifs a des lacunes isolees dans In1-yGayAS 1-xPx sont prevues.
Satellite thermal-infrared imagery and geographic information system in monitoring lake temperature distribution

The High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) and Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers were the primary sources of satellite data used in this study. Several models were developed to convert the gray-level digital numbers of the satellite imagery into temperature values. The satellite-derived temperatures, which were stored in a geographic information system database, were well correlated with ground-truth temperature measurements. The results of this study indicated that the APT data is useful for lake temperature estimation as compared with the HRPT data. In other words, both HRPT and APT data are capable of being converted into lake surface temperature with acceptable accuracy.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Radiation induced leakage current in N-channel SOS transistors

High drain-leakage currents have been observed in n-channel SOS transistors after exposure to ionizing radiation. These currents could not be explained by the change in gate threshold voltage or by other radiation effects in the gate insulator. Two mechanisms were identified as being responsible for the radiation-induced leakage current. Charge trapping in the sapphire and the consequent formation of a channel at the silicon-sapphire interface is the major cause of the leakage current. Under some conditions, a smaller component of leakage current can also result from charge trapping in the silicon dioxide at island edges.
Clinical Trial of an Innovative Dual-Processing Group Therapy Relapse Prevention Protocol Conducted in a Community-Based Setting

The purpose of this article is to describe an interdisciplinary clinical trial conducted in a community-based setting. The article will (a) present an overview of the current study, (b) detail an innovative outpatient relapse prevention group therapy practice model informed by the neuroscientific literature on addiction, (c) present case examples of patient response to treatment, and (d) provide qualitative data of patient feedback and preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging data results.
Use of cytosar in pediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Cytosar, as a component of LSA2-L2 therapy, was given in combination with thioguanine in consolidation by schedules used in acute granulocytic leukemia. Daily Cytosar injections were given for 4 days in maintenance. In an effort to increase efficacy, second generation LSA2-L2 therapy employs Cytosar as continuous 5 days infusions using the autosyringe; a 14 day course of L-asparaginase is interspersed between the 2, 5 day courses. Thioguanine is deleted in consolidation and replaced by 6-mercaptopurine in maintenance. Response to therapy in terms of number attaining CR and remaining in CR are as follows for the pediatric NHL diagnostic categories: T-cell disease—14/15 (93%), 8/14 (57%); Large cell— 9/9 (100%), 6/9 (67%); diffuse undifferentiated 4/5 (80%), 4/4 (100%); and unclassified 3/3 (100%), 3/3 (100%).
Preconditioned MoM solutions for complex planar arrays

The fast adaptive integral method (FAIM) for solving large arrays has been developed and applied to finite arrays of arbitrary array elements, including dielectrics and layered material. The latter two features fit neatly into the FAIM method since they require only additional Green's function terms and projections for magnetic currents. A block diagonal preconditioner has been tested and found to greatly reduce solution time by reducing the number of iterations required by the BiCGStab solver.
Analysis of a Picard modular group

Our main goal is to analyze the geometric and spectral properties of the Picard modular group with Gaussian integer entries acting on the two-dimensional complex hyperbolic space.
Dissociation between functional senescence and oxidative stress resistance in Drosophila

Many studies strongly suggest a causal link between oxidative stress and determination of life span. The relationship between oxidative stress and age-related functional declines, however, is less clear. Additionally, the full spectrum of functional declines associated with aging has not been systematically evaluated in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, one of the leading models for aging research. Toward a more comprehensive assessment of functional senescence in Drosophila, we evaluated a series of behaviors in control flies of increasing ages. Our studies reveal a novel age-dependent functional decline in the olfactory system and confirm previous reports of age-related locomotor defects in flies. Behavioral responses to electric shock and light are maintained in aged flies. Thus, some sensory systems senesce during the first several weeks of life while others do not. Interestingly, the age-dependent functional declines in olfactory and locomotor systems are indistinguishable in control flies and methuselah, a mutant with enhanced resistance to oxidative stress and increased life span. Our results indicate that enhanced resistance to oxidative stress and extension of life span do not necessarily confer protection from age-related functional declines.
Quasi-optical imaging performance of THz focal plane array antennas

We develop a hybrid approach for computing the system-level imaging performance of THz focal plane arrays (FPAs). We use the full-wave moment method to analyze the performance of THz FPA antennas. Antenna topology is optimized for impedance matching with the integrated THz sensors and pattern matching to external optical components. The effects of the quasi-optical lens train are accounted for using the paraxial wave approximation. Here, we consider a simple reverse microscope configuration using a THz FPA situated conformally behind an extended-hemispherical silicon lens. In order to properly form the image, an objective lens is also used. Here, we demonstrate the system-level THz imaging performance of the reverse microscope THz FPA camera using the hybrid fullwave/paraxial-propagation approach.
Impacts of irrigation on dry season precipitation in India

There is a lack of observed data-based studies examining the role of enhanced soil moisture conditions (due to irrigation) on the prevailing precipitation. Therefore, in the present study, we have examined the impacts of the Green Revolution (GR) related expansion of irrigation and changes in dry season (the rabi (November to May) and the zaid (March to June)) precipitation in India. The results for some regions indicated decreasing and increasing trend in precipitation during the pre- and post-GR periods, respectively. For example, in eastern Madhya Pradesh, the pre- and post-GR precipitation trends for the zaid season were −0.45 and 2.40 mm year−1, respectively. On the other hand, some regions reported lower rate of decline in precipitation during the post-GR period. This paper suggests that both positive and lower declining trend during the post-GR period were linked to increased precipitation due to the introduction of irrigation. The study has found up to 69 mm (121%) increase in total amount of precipitation for growing seasons during the post-GR period. Moreover, a 175% increase in average precipitation was also recorded. All irrigated regions show a notable increase in precipitation during post-GR growing seasons. It was found that differences in growing season average precipitation between the pre- and post-GR periods were statistically significant for most of the regions. For further verification of results, the MM5 and Noah land surface model were applied. These applications show changes in precipitation and various precipitation controlling factors due to changes in soil moisture.
Searching for disease susceptibility variants in structured populations.

Data for genome-wide association studies are being collected for a myriad of phenotypes. Many of these studies do not include control samples selected to reflect ancestry similar to the case samples. At the same time “control databases” are becoming available to be utilized as a common resource. These data are often being genotyped using a large-scale SNP array. Human populations exhibit complex structure which can lead to spurious associations if not properly handled. How to couple case and control databases effectively is a pressing question. We review available methods for modeling genetic ancestry based on the information gleaned from the SNP array. Methods for selecting control samples with genetic ancestry similar to the case samples are described.
Microscopic View of Structural Phase Transitions Induced by Shock Waves

Multimillion-atom molecular-dynamics simulations are used to investigate the shock-induced phase transformation of solid iron. Above a critical shock strength, many small close-packed grains nucleate in the shock-compressed body-centered cubic crystal growing on a picosecond time scale to form larger, energetically favored grains. A split two-wave shock structure is observed immediately above this threshold, with an elastic precursor ahead of the lagging transformation wave. For even higher shock strengths, a single, overdriven wave is obtained. The dynamics and orientation of the developing close-packed grains depend on the shock strength and especially on the crystallographic shock direction. Orientational relations between the unshocked and shocked regions are similar to those found for the temperature-driven martensitic transformation in iron and its alloys.
Neurotransmitter, receptor and biochemical changes in monkey cortical epileptic foci.

Summary Epileptic and normal Macaca mulatta monkey cortex was investigated using ligand binding techniques. Subpial injections of aluminum hydroxide gel into the left sensorimotor cortex produced stable seizure frequencies over a two year period and resulted in specific biochemical and receptor abnormalities. Pair matched CSF samples comparing epileptic and non-epileptic hemispheres showed a significant decreased GABA concentration over the epileptic side. The epileptic cortex demonstrated markedly reduced GABA receptor binding and diminished tissue GABA concentration and GAD activity. Two patterns of receptor loss were observed: non-specific local cellular drop out involving multiple neurotransmitter receptors; and distal receptor loss which was specific for the neurotransmitter intervention pattern of the cortex. GABAergic receptor loss was more marked than receptor losses for the other neurotransmitters and was more widespread. Scatchard plot analysis demonstrated that the diminished GABAergic receptors within the focus were due to receptor loss and not affinity changes. Spearman rank correlations showed a significant correlation only between the degree of GABAergic receptor loss or decrease in GAD activity and the seizure frequency. Epilepsy appears to be a multifactoral disorder with multiple neuroreceptor abnormalities, the most notable of which are the destruction of GABAergic neurons and GABA receptors.
Evaluation of Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Two Year Follow-up of 63 HIV Infected Children † 778

Plasma virus load measurements, CD4 counts, and clinical evaluations were performed on 63 HIV infected children in the Fall of 1994, and follow-up assessments were performed in the Fall,1996. At baseline, the median age was 5.54 years [Range 0.36 to 13.4 years], median log RNA copy number: 4.78(60,256 copies/ml) [1.7-6.34], median CD4 percent: 23% [0-50]. At the time of follow-up, the medians were: Age 7.58 years, CD4 18%, and log viral RNA copy number 4.32 (20,892). 8 Patients died during the period of follow-up, 13 others developed a new CDC Category C diagnosis, 42 had neither. A comparison of the median baseline values for those who died /had a new category C Dx/ neither showed: Age [5.10 / 4.25 / 6.08 years] CD4% [2 / 7 / 27.5%] Log RNA[5.63 / 5.07 / 4.46]. 17 of the 21 children with a new category C or death had an initial RNA PCR >4.6 logs (50,000 copies/ml). Three of the 4 with bad outcomes and <4.6 log RNA had baseline CD4 counts of <50 cells/cmm. Conclusion: Both CD4 count and RNA copy number define children at risk for HIV progression. Children with HIV RNA copy numbers <4.6 log(50,000 copies/ml) are unlikely to show progression within a 2 year period of follow-up, and the children with lower RNA numbers who are at risk of progression generally have low CD4 counts.Funded by NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Glaxo Wellcome, Co.
Phenolic composition of various tissues of rutaceae species

Abstract A survey of phenolic compounds using HPLC was performed in Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, representing five genera, 35 species and 114 cultivars. T
Kinetics of the thermal reaction of 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane

The gas-phase reaction kinetics of 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane have been studied in the temperature range of 700–755°K. First-order unimolecular rate constants for over-all reactant disappearance fit the Arrhenius equation Reaction products and the relative rates of their formation are found to be reasonably consistent with the biradical mechanism.
Eye-derived cytokines and the immunosuppressive intraocular microenvironment: a review.

The normal aqueous humor contains a variety of soluble immunosuppressive factors, including transforming growth factor-beta, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. These factors are largely the secretory products of parenchymal cells of the iris and ciliary body. TGFβ has recently been shown to alter the functional capacity of intraocular antigen presenting cells, such that they are capable of inducing Anterior Chamber Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID). This deviant systemic immune response is characterized by an impaired capacity to mount an effective cell-mediated immune attack directed at antigens that are placed in, or arise within, the eye. A second property of immunosuppressive factors in aqueous humor is to suppress directly the expression of delayed hypersensitivity in the anterior chamber. In fact, even when the intraocular microenvironment is disturbed by local instillation of gamma-interferon, making it possible for limited expression of cell-mediated immunit...
Urokinase Receptors Are Required for α5β1 Integrin-mediated Signaling in Tumor Cells

Up-regulation of urokinase receptors is common during tumor progression and thought to promote invasion and metastasis. Urokinase receptors bind urokinase and a set of beta1 integrins, but it remains unclear to what degree urokinase receptor/integrin binding is important to beta1 integrin signaling. Using site-directed mutagenesis, single amino acid mutants of the urokinase receptor were identified that fail to associate with either alpha3beta1 (D262A) or alpha5beta1 (H249A) but associate normally with urokinase. To study the effects of these mutations on beta1 integrin function, endogenous urokinase receptors were first stably silenced in tumor cell lines HT1080 and H1299, and then wild type or mutant receptors were expressed. Knockdown of urokinase receptors resulted in markedly reduced fibronectin and alpha5beta1-dependent ERK activation and metalloproteinase MMP-9 expression. Re-expression of wild type or D262A mutant receptors but not the alpha5beta1 binding-deficient H249A mutant reconstituted fibronectin responses. Because urokinase receptor.alpha5beta1 complexes bind in the fibronectin heparin-binding domain (Type III 12-14) whereas alpha5beta1 primarily binds in the RGD-containing domain (Type III 7-10), signaling pathways leading to ERK and MMP-9 responses were dissected. Binding to III 7-10 led to Src/focal adhesion kinase activation, whereas binding to III 7-14 caused Rac 1 activation. Tumor cells engaging fibronectin required both Type III 7-10- and 12-14-initiated signals to activate ERK and up-regulate MMP-9. Thus urokinase receptor binding to alpha5beta1 is required for maximal responses to fibronectin and tumor cell invasion, and this operates through an enhanced Src/Rac/ERK signaling pathway.
A complementary palette of NanoCluster Beacons.

NanoCluster Beacons (NCBs), which use few-atom DNA-templated silver clusters as reporters, are a type of activatable molecular probes that are low-cost and easy to prepare. While NCBs provide a high fluorescence enhancement ratio upon activation, their activation colors are currently limited. Here we report a simple method to design NCBs with complementary emission colors, creating a set of multicolor probes for homogeneous, separation-free detection. By systematically altering the position and the number of cytosines in the cluster-nucleation sequence, we have tuned the activation colors of NCBs to green (C8–8, 460 nm/555 nm); yellow (C5–5, 525 nm/585 nm); red (C3–4, 580 nm/635 nm); and near-infrared (C3–3, 645 nm/695 nm). At the same NCB concentration, the activated yellow NCB (C5–5) was found to be 1.3 times brighter than the traditional red NCB (C3–4). Three of the four colors (green, yellow, and red) were relatively spectrally pure. We also found that subtle changes in the linker sequence (down to th...