cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Industrial Source Complex short-term model in a large-scale multiple source region for different stability classes

The original Industrial Source Complex Model (ISCST, 90346) and its latest version, the ISCST2 (92090), are evaluated for the 1- and 24-hour averaging periods, using six statistical parameters. The confidence limits on two parameters were obtained using the bootstrap, jacknife, seductive, and robust resampling techniques. Evaluation is conducted in a multiple point source environment and in all the different stability categories, using a year of meteorological data, emission inventory of the Lucas County, in Toledo, Ohio, and monitoring data from two nearby stations for the year 1987. This was representative of a real time situation in which the ISCST is generally applied for regulatory work. The sensitivity analysis shows that the ISC is a poor performing model in the 1-h and 24-h averaging period, neutral and stable categories, and modifications to it are necessary in order to improve its performance. Its performance changes depending on the chosen paired values. A better relative performance is observed in the unstable category relative to the neutral and stable categories. Improved model performance may be achieved by applying modifications to the physics on which the model is based.
Extracellular electron transfer

Results from several laboratories indicate that extracellular electron transfer may be a general mechanism whereby microoorganisms generate energy for cell growth and/or maintenance. Specifically, bacteria can use redox-active organic small molecules, generated outside or inside the cells, to shuttle electrons between reduced and oxidized compounds. Electron shuttling has now been reported for several different bacterial species, and exchanges of shuttling compounds may even syntrophically link diverse organisms in nature. Biofilm systems in both geological and clinical settings are likely to be important environments for metabolisms that employ extracellular electron transfer. Both structural and functional analyses suggest that electron shuttles and some virulence factors may be related to one another.
Brief Behavioral Therapies Reduce Early Positive Airway Pressure Discontinuation Rates in Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Preliminary Findings

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a serious disorder with significant daytime consequences. Treatment for SAS most commonly takes the form of positive airway pressure (PAP). Although effective, PAP adherence is often below expectations. Previous studies have suggested that the provision of information on the importance of PAP use can enhance adherence. In this study, we compare 2 brief behavioral approaches-traditional education (ED) and a motivational enhancement therapy (MET)-designed from theories of behavior change to standard clinical care. PAP discontinuation and adherence are the primary outcome measures. Both brief therapies decreased PAP discontinuation compared to standard care. The MET therapy performed best under the condition of flexible delivery of PAP, although differences were not statistically significant. Implications are discussed.
Power conditioning system for fuel cells for integration to ships

This paper presents modeling and simulation study of a fuel cell power system for ships. The paper reviews the ship's current power system and its limitations. A detailed discussion of the issues associated with integrating fuel cells to ships and power conditioning systems for fuel cells to overcome the limitations is also presented. A model of the fuel cell and an energy storage system to mitigate the fuel cell's slow dynamics is developed and described in the paper. Simulation results of the performance of this system are also presented.
Selecting an optimal aperture in Kirchhoff migration using dip-angle images

We present a method for selecting a migration aperture in Kirchhoff migration. We first split migrated data into constant-dip-angle partial images. Then, in every partial image, we estimate the consistency between each event and the constant dip of the analyzed section. We filter out events whose slope is far from the corresponding dip. Stacking of the filtered partial images corresponds to migration having an optimal aperture. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed approach to migration-aperture optimization is able to reduce migration noise while preserving diffraction energy, which characterizes small geologic objects and brings additional resolution to the image.
Thermal-baric structure and P-T history of the Brooks Range metamorphic core, Alaska

Documentation of pressure–temperature (P–T) histories across an epidote-amphibolite facies culmination provides new insight into the tectono-thermal evolution of the Brooks Range collisional orogen. Thermobarometry reveals that the highest grade rocks formed at peak temperatures of 560–600 °C and at pressures of 8–9.5 kbar. The thermal culmination coincides with the apex of a structural dome defined by oppositely dipping S2 crenulation cleavages suggesting post-metamorphic doming. South of the thermal culmination, greenschist facies and lowermost epidote-amphibolite facies rocks preserve widespread evidence for an early blueschist facies metamorphism. In contrast, no evidence for an early blueschist facies metamorphism was found in similar grade rocks of the northern flank, indicating that the southern flank underwent initial deeper burial during southward underthrusting of the continental margin. Thus, while the dome shows a symmetric distribution of peak temperatures, the P–T paths followed by the two flanks must have varied. This variation suggests that final thermal re-equilibration to greenschist and epidote–amphibolite facies conditions did not result from a simple process of southward underthrusting followed by thermal re-equilibration from the bottom upward. The new data are inconsistent with a previous model that invokes such re-equilibration, along with northward thrusting of epidote–amphibolite facies rocks over lower grade rocks presently on the southern flank of the culmination, to produce an inverted metamorphic field gradient. Instead, it is suggested that following blueschist facies metamorphism, rocks of the southern and northern flanks were juxtaposed, during which time the more deeply buried south flank was partially emplaced above rocks to the north, where they escaped Albian epidote–amphibolite facies overprinting. Porphyroblast growth, which post-dates the main fabric on the north flank of the culmination may be the result of Albian thermal re-equilibration following this deformation. Post-metamorphic doming resulted from a combination of Albian-Cenomanian extension and Tertiary deformation.
Corner-cube retroreflectors based on structure-assisted assembly for free-space optical communication

We have fabricated sub-millimeter-sized quad corner-cube retroreflectors (CCRs) for free-space optical communication. Each quad CCR structure comprises three mirrors micromachined from silicon-on-insulator wafers, and is designed to facilitate manual assembly with accurate angular alignment. Assembled CCRs exhibit mirror nonflatness less than 50 nm, mirror roughness less than 2 nm, and mirror misalignment less than 1 mrad, leading to near-ideal optical performance. The quad CCR incorporates a gap-closing actuator to deflect a base mirror common to the four CCRs, allowing their reflectivity to be modulated up to 7 kb/s by a drive voltage less than 5 V. We have demonstrated a 180-m free-space optical communication link using a CCR as a passive optical transmitter. Quad CCRs have been integrated into miniature, autonomous nodes that constitute a distributed wireless sensor network. We present an analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of CCR-based links, considering the impact of CCR dimensions, ambient light noise, and other factors.
NLR proteins: integral members of innate immunity and mediators of inflammatory diseases

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microorganisms and is conserved in plants and animals. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich containing (NLR) protein family is a recent addition to the members of innate immunity effector molecules. These proteins are characterized by a central oligomerization domain, termed nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a protein interaction domain, leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) at the C terminus. It has been shown that NLR proteins are localized to the cytoplasm and recognize microbial products. To date, it is known that Nod1 and Nod2 detect bacterial cell wall components, whereas Ipaf and Naip detect bacterial flagellin, and NACHT/LRR/Pyrin 1 has been shown to detect anthrax lethal toxin. NLR proteins comprise a diverse protein family (over 20 in humans), indicating that NLRs have evolved to acquire specificity to various pathogenic microorganisms, thereby controlling host-pathogen interactions. Activation of NLR proteins results in inflammatory responses mediated by NF-kappaB, MAPK, or Caspase-1 activation, accompanied by subsequent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Mutations in several members of the NLR protein family have been linked to inflammatory diseases, suggesting these molecules play important roles in maintaining host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory responses. Therefore, understanding NLR signaling is important for the therapeutic intervention of various infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Full-wave optimization of nitride-based resonant-tunneling diodes for terahertz amplification

Resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structures have the potential to counteract plasmonic losses and thus enhance the gain performance of terahertz (THz) devices. Of particular interest are nitride-based devices, as their high breakdown voltages and capability of large voltage swing gives distinct advantages over Si-based technologies. In this paper, several resonant tunneling diode (RTD) configurations are modeled using FDTD techniques coupled with charge transport equations for completeness. The gain amplifications when integrated with a GaN HEMT are validated using reference measured data. Initial results show resonances up to 2.25 THz and gain improvements up to ~6 dB.
Microcoded Architectures for Ion-Tap Quantum Computers

In this paper we present the first ever systematic design space exploration of microcoded software fault tolerant ion-trap quantum computers. This exploration reveals the critical importance of a well-tuned microcode for providing high performance and ensuring system reliability. In addition, we find that, despite recent advances in the reliability of quantum memory, the impact of errors due to stored quantum data is now, and will continue to be, a major source of systemic error. Finally, our exploration reveals a single design which out performs all others we considered in run time, fidelity and area. For completeness our design space exploration includes designs from prior work and we find a novel design that is 1/2 the size, 3 times as fast, and an order of magnitude more reliable.
Comparison of phonic analysis and whole word‐reading on first graders' cumulative words read and cumulative reading rate: An extension in examining instructional effectiveness and efficiency

This study compared the instructional effectiveness and efficiency of three word-reading interventions on cumulative number of words read accurately and cumulative learning rate. Participants were six first graders who needed intensive intervention services. Alternating treatment designs were used to compare the effects of interspersal drill, a phonic analysis method consisting of word boxes (WB), and traditional drill and practice procedure on word-reading performance. The current study extended this line of inquiry by including a phonic analysis condition and a measure of generalization. Results revealed that four students' cumulative word-reading performances were greater under the phonic analysis condition. However, all students' cumulative rate of reading words was greater under the traditional drill and practice condition. As a group, there were no significant differences across conditions on maintaining and generalizing words. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 319–332, 2007.
ON CHROMOSOME BALANCE AS A FACTOR IN DURATION OF LIFE.

This paper presents a study of the influence of chromosome balance on duration of life in Drosophila. The balanced type of cells are shown to favor a longer life than are the unbalanced type. Under the identical conditions of the experiment, the type females live an average of 33.1±.6 days; the type males 28.9±.8 days; the triploid females 33.1±.8 days and the sex-intergrade females 15.0±.3 days. The unbalance of the chromosomes and therefore of the genes contained within them is evidently a fundamental factor in the probable life span of the individual. The magnitude of the effect is fully on a par with that found for other factors, i.e., different Mendelian genes for constitutional vigor, etc. It has been possible to show by a study of the various sex classifications within the sex-intergrade class that the presence or absence of ovarian or testicular tissue as such is not the primary cause of the difference in the life duration in the type males and females but that the cause is to be found deeper, sex determination and duration of life accompanying each other and resulting from the common cause, chromosome constitution. The survival curve of the sex-intergrade groups present a limiting curve of duration of life, a constant death rate for each day of age. The curves have different rates of degeneration. To account for this fact it is necessary to assume that for these particular organisms a different organ in the two groups has assumed major significance to life due to the gene complex which causes their differentiation. Recurrent chance environmental and hereditary agents acting on organs generate the type of probability curve observed. Triploid flies are made up of cells which are one-third larger than the cells of the type flies. It is not without significance to note that such individuals show no greater or less duration of life than do the ordinary flies when both groups have their chromosomes in balance.
Assessing Beliefs of Preservice Early Childhood Education Teachers Using Q-Sort Methodology

The purpose of this study was to assess the beliefs of students and faculty in a 4-year birth–kindergarten teacher preparation program using the Teacher Belief Q-Sort (TBQ). Data were collected over one academic year from a total of 63 students, 35 students at the beginning of their coursework and 28 students at the end of their program, completing their student teaching experience. The faculty (n = 8) in the program completed the TBQ to provide a criterion sort as well as to assess the consistency in philosophy across faculty members who teach preservice teachers. Compilations of rankings are presented to describe beliefs related to children, discipline, and teaching practices held by students who are at different points in their education program. Criterion comparison results indicate that student teachers at the end of their education program report beliefs more similar to faculty beliefs than students at the beginning of their education program. However, findings suggest that the student teaching experience does not appear to significantly alter beliefs about children, discipline and teaching practices. These results are discussed in terms of child-directed versus teacher-directed styles of preservice teachers and implications of assessing beliefs for teacher preparation programs.
Revision of Hodostates (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with a discussion of tribal placement

Hodostates Foerster is revised, representing the first comprehensive comparison of Nearctic and European species. Three species are recognized as valid, and the Nearctic Hodostates rotundatus (Davis) is recorded from Canada for the first time. Hodostates schaffneri Hinz is transferred to Lethades Davis, based largely on ovipositor morphology, and is redescribed. Placement in the tribe Pionini is discussed, given the presence of a deep subapical notch in the ovipositor of both New and Old World species of Hodostates. Host records for Hodostates are reviewed.
A linearly polarized active integrated square microstrip patch antenna

A simple and symmetric active integrated antenna design is presented. The antenna with harmonic suppression capability is directly integrated with a class B amplifier for reduced size and improved power added efficiency. The antenna is a square microstrip patch with harmonic suppressing slits etched on it. The antenna is linearly polarized, but the design can be conveniently modified to circular polarization because of the symmetric antenna geometry. The antenna design, integration with amplifier, and the measurement results are presented. It is found that due to the harmonic suppression, the improvement in power added efficiency is about 5%. In addition, the antenna performance is good and is not disturbed by the added harmonic suppressing slits.
Algorithmic number theory-the complexity contribution

Though algorithmic number theory is one of man's oldest intellectual pursuits, its current vitality is perhaps unrivalled in history. This is due in part to the injection of new ideas from computational complexity. In this paper, a brief history of the symbiotic relationship between number theory and complexity theory will be presented. In addition, some of the technical aspects underlying 'modern' methods of primality testing and factoring will be described. Finally, an extensive lists of open problems in algorithmic number theory will be provided. >
The effect of vocal hygiene and behavior modification instruction on the self-reported vocal health habits of public school music teachers

This study examined the effects of vocal hygiene and behavior modification instruction on self-reported behaviors of music teachers. Subjects (N = 76) reported daily behaviors for eight weeks: water consumption, warm-up, talking over music/noise, vocal rest, nonverbal commands, and vocal problems. Subjects were in experimental group 1 or 2, or the control group. Both experimental groups received vocal hygiene instruction. Experimental group 2 also received behavior modification information designed to help teachers individually identify and correct their vocal problems. Results showed experimental group 2 significantly increased vocal rest and significantly decreased reports of vocal problems in the weeks closest to treatment. Although differences provide limited information, the indications stress the importance of behavior modification's inclusion in vocal hygiene programs. Individual variance implies that some subjects have difficulty managing vocal hygiene routines. Additional study of effects of mult...
Candida biofilm: a well-designed protected environment

Biofilms are colonies of microbial cells encased in a self-produced organic polymeric matrix and represent a common mode of microbial growth. Microbes growing as biofilm are highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs. Recently, microbial biofilms have gained prominence because of the increase in infections related to indwelling medical devices (IMD). Candida albicans, the pathogenic fungus which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in blood stream infections, is the most common fungal pathogen isolated from patients with IMD-associated infections. Biofilm formation by Candida species is believed to contribute to invasiveness of these fungal species. We discuss experimental methods used to study fungal biofilms as well as the biology of biofilm formation by clinically relevant Candida species. Recent advances that are discussed in this review include the role of specific, differentially expressed genes and proteins, quorum sensing molecule in C. albicans biofilms, and the correlation between biofilm formation and fungal pathogenesis.
Relation of enzyme activity to local/global stability of murine adenosine deaminase: 19F NMR studies.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) is a ubiquitous (β/α)8-barrel enzyme crucial for purine metabolism and normal immune competence. In this study, it was observed that loss of enzyme activity of murine ADA (mADA) precedes the global secondary and tertiary structure transition when the protein is exposed to denaturant. The structural mechanism for this phenomenon was probed using site-specific 19F NMR spectroscopy in combination with [6-19F]tryptophan labeling and inhibitor binding. There are four tryptophan residues in mADA and all are located more than 12 A from the catalytic site. The 19F NMR spectra of [6-19F]Trp-labelled mADA show that the urea-induced chemical shift change of 19F resonance of W161, one of the four tryptophan 19F nuclei, correlates with the loss of enzyme activity. The urea-induced chemical shift change of another 19F resonance of W117 correlates with the change of the apparent rate constant for the binding of transition-state analogue inhibitor deoxycoformycin to the enzyme. On the other hand, the chemical environment of the local region around W264 does not change significantly, as a consequence of perturbation by low concentrations of urea or substrate analog. The results indicate that different regions of mADA have different local stability, which controls the activity and stability of the enzyme. The results provide new insights into the relationship between the function of a protein and its conformational flexibility as well as its global stability. This study illustrates the advantage of 19F NMR spectroscopy in probing site-related conformational change information in ligand binding, enzymatic activity and protein folding.
Matching training methods and factors of cognitive ability: A means to improve training outcomes

The author examines the relationship between training methods and factors of cognitive ability in order to determine whether a match between these variables will increase learning. Lecture-based and case-study-based training were conducted using a repeated-measure design. Predictive validity of verbal comprehension, verbal reasoning, and general reasoning abilities for learning from the two training methods were examined by way of MANOVA and multiple regression. Results indicate that knowledge gained in lecture-based training was significantly related to verbal comprehension ability, and knowledge gained in case-study-based training was significantly related to general reasoning ability. The article discusses implications for designing training programs and for future research.
Unpleasant surprises: how the Introduction has wandered into the Discussion

The Introduction, that foundation stone of a scientific paper, is having growing pains. Authors must find a way to insert their new work into an ever denser forest of background knowledge. One tactic is to put some of the most relevant background work into the Discussion. As counterintuitive as this approach may sound, it is becoming more common, making it more difficult for the average reader to determine what is new in any given paper.
Multiscale modeling of polycrystalline nickel-based superalloys accounting for subgrain microstructures

Abstract This paper focusses on the use of the parametrically homogenized crystal plasticity to simulate polycrystalline ensembles of Ni-based superalloys that are governed by the characteristics of the subgrain scale γ–γ′ precipitate morphology. Critical parameters representing the effect of subgrain-scale morphology are incorporated in the grain-scale crystal plasticity model, which then has the capability of representing mechanisms occurring at three scales, viz. the sub-grain scale of precipitates, the grain scale of single crystals and the scale of polycrystalline aggregates in a unified framework. A dislocation density crystal plasticity constitutive model with APB shearing of γ′ precipitates is developed for modeling the sub-grain scale representative volume element delineating explicit morphology of the γ–γ′ microstructure. A framework is developed for a parametrically homogenized activation energy-based crystal plasticity (AE-CP) model at the scale of single crystals by homogenizing the sub-grain model response and incorporating critical morphological parameters of the sub-grain morphology. Nucleation and evolution models for micro-twins are also incorporated for manifesting tension-compression asymmetry. The grain-scale AE-CP model is used to analyze polycrystalline microstructures.
2014 AERA Distinguished Lecture Accelerating How We Learn to Improve

A chasm is growing between our rapidly rising aspirations for our educational systems and what schools can routinely accomplish. Education needs an improvement paradigm—one that recognizes the complexity of the work of education and the wide variability in outcomes that our systems currently produce. This article sketches out such a paradigm. It joins together the discipline of improvement science with the power of structured networked communities to accelerate learning to improve. These networked improvement communities (NICs) combine analytic thinking and systematic methods to develop and test changes that can achieve better outcomes more reliably. NICs are inclusive in drawing together the expertise of practitioners, researchers, designers, technologists, and many others. And they organize their activities in ways akin to a scientific community. They develop practice-based evidence as an essential complement to findings from other forms of educational research. The point is not just to know what can ma...
Acral melanocytic lesions in the United States: Prevalence, awareness, and dermoscopic patterns in skin-of-color and non-Hispanic white patients

Background Acral lentiginous melanoma has increased mortality compared with other melanoma subtypes and disproportionately affects ethnic minorities. Acral melanocytic lesions have not been well studied in diverse populations of the United States. Objective We sought to assess the prevalence, awareness, and dermoscopic patterns of acral melanocytic lesions in skin-of-color and non-Hispanic white patients. Methods We prospectively examined the palms and soles of 1052 patients presenting to dermatology clinics in New York, NY, and Miami, FL, from October 2013 to April 2015. Results Acral melanocytic lesions were observed in 36% of our cohort. Skin-of-color patients were more likely to have acral melanocytic lesions than non-Hispanic white patients ( P Limitations Interobserver variability in assessing dermoscopic patterns is a limitation. Conclusions Melanocytic lesions of the palms and soles are common, particularly in a cohort of multiple ethnicities from the United States. Dermoscopy of acral lesions is an important clinical tool for diagnosis and management of these lesions.
Analyzing Veterinary Samples in a Microbiology Laboratory

Veterinary laboratory testing is a growing field in diagnostic laboratory medicine. Pet owners and herd managers alike are requesting or allowing cultures to be performed, and veterinarians are expecting pertinent and clinically relevant results. One laboratory area that differs significantly from veterinary to human medicine is microbiology. To provide quality service to the veterinary community, laboratory personnel must learn the differences between veterinary and human microbiology and be willing to give the same level of service and expertise to veterinary patients that they provide to human patients. This is the second article in afour-part continuing education update series on microbiology. Other articles focus on public health laboratories, bread making, and food safet
Light and dark-activated biocidal activity of conjugated polyelectrolytes.

This Spotlight on Applications provides an overview of a research program that has focused on the development and mechanistic study of cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) that function as light- and dark-active biocidal agents. Investigation has centered on poly-(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) type conjugated polymers that are functionalized with cationic quaternary ammonium solubilizing groups. These polymers are found to interact strongly with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and upon illumination with near-UV and visible light act to rapidly kill the bacteria. Mechanistic studies suggest that the cationic PPE-type polymers efficiently sensitize singlet oxygen (1O2), and this cytotoxic agent is responsible for initiating the sequence of events that lead to light-activated bacterial killing. Specific CPEs also exhibit dark-active antimicrobial activity, and this is believed to arise due to interactions between the cationic/lipophilic polymers and the negatively charged outer membrane charac...
Thrombotic and bleeding complications associated with chemotherapy

It is well recognized that cancer patients have an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Contributory factors to thrombotic complications include prothrombotic risks carried by many chemotherapeutic agents, type of cancer, stage of cancer, age, and comorbidities. Surgical procedures and the presence of an indwelling vascular device, often used as a mode of delivery for chemotherapy, further increase the risk. Correlative studies have demonstrated upregulation of coagulation in response to chemotherapeutics, and clinical studies have shown that various cancer treatments are independent risk factors for thrombotic complications. It has also been shown that patients who develop thrombosis during treatment have a worse overall prognosis. Mechanisms for chemotherapy and cancer-associated thrombosis are not well understood. Better insight into the mechanism for thrombosis may help better identify those cancer patients at highest risk, who may then benefit from up-front anticoagulant prophylaxis.
Renal tubular disorders in children.

Renal tubular diseases may be classified as primary and secondary. Secondary tubular diseases are a heterogenous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which tubular insufficiency results from a more widespread disease. Primary tubular diseases are hereditary. Clinically, the five most important disorders in this group are renal tubular acidosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, cystinuria, renal glucosuria and phosphoglucoaminoaciduria.
Actuality Analysis and Teaching Countermeasures on Male Nursing Students in Clinical Practice

Objective: To pass analysis of the status quo of male nursing students to explore the clinical teaching of measures to improve the quality of clinical teaching.Methods: 22 pairs of male nursing students in clinical practice problems were analyzed.Results: The male nursing students' professional attitude instability,psychological coping ability,work positive initiative,the patients' lack of interpersonal communication skills,occupational safety awareness is rather weak.Conclusion: The clinical teaching work,attention to look ahead to their professional outlook,a stable job mentality;increase their frustration tolerance,adequate protection of male nursing students self-esteem,enhance their self-confidence and enthusiasm for work,to develop good communication skills after,pay attention to personality cultivation,strengthen occupational safety and education to improving the quality of clinical teaching to help them smoothly along the care work of great significance.5refs.
Design and Performance Evaluation of A High-temperature Blocking Agent Used in Sudanese Oil Reservoirs

In Sudanese Unity Oilfield,complex low-permeability and fault-block reservoirs of 90~120℃ were dominated.A viscosity-tough-tough high-temperature water shutoff system was synthesized by using tannin extracted as the main agent and formaldehyde as the cross-linking agent.The gelation properties and influential factors of the system were evaluated and analyzed.The typical formula of the blocking agent is that HPAM is 500mg/L,sulfonated tannin is 50000mg/L,hydroquinone is 5000mg/L,urea 4000mg/L,polyformaldehyde is 4000~10000mg/L,adjustable plastic time is 10~90h.The experimental results show that the blocking agent has a good thermal stability and the blocking rate f is 98% or more for the cores with different permeabilities.The integrated performance can meet operational requirements of the water shutoff of the complex high-temperature reservoirs.
Analysis of hydatid disease prevalence survey in Ningxia in 2012

Objective To investigate the epidemical range of echinococcosis epidemic levels in Ningxia to provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures. Methods Using cluster random sampling method,hydatid disease prevalence was inspected by B ultrasound in full- time residents more than 3 years old of 22 counties( cities,districts) in Ningxia in 2012,and the local infection situation of rodents,cattle and sheep was investigated. Collecting residents home dog poop,the positive rate of feces antigen were detected by double antibody sandwich method. Results 128 people were found out to be patients in the survey of 71,952 people,and the prevalence rate was 17. 79 / 10 thousand. The morbidity rate of Yuanzhou,Tongxin county,Yanchi county were higher than those in other areas,and there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence in five counties( χ2= 3. 81,P 0. 05); The morbidity rate was higher in Hui,70- 79 years old,the religious professionals,Buddhist and illiterate culture( P 0. 05); the antigen positive rate was 302. 57 / ten thousand( 237 /7 833) in watchdog dung. Autopsy in 5 dogs only not found to infect with echinococcosis; hydatid disease prevalence is higher in sheep than cattle( χ2= 22. 11,P 0. 05); the rat body was not checked out echinococcosis. Conclusion Echinococcosis prevalence is severe in Ningxia,especially in Yuanzhou area,indicating that prompt hydatid disease prevention and control work is still not allow to ignore,and the intensify prevention and control was needed.
Albitization of Detrital Feldspar in Cretaceous Sandstones from the Songliao Basin

The main types of clastic sandstones are feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose in the Cretaceous of the Songliao basin. There are many unstable components containing detrital feldspar, lithic fragments and so on. Content of potash feldspar decreases with increasing burial depth increases (increasing diagenesis) and gradually disappears below a depth of 2700 m in detrital feldspar of sandstone. The albite component increases while anorthic component decreases in detrital plagioclase. The plagioclase turned into an end - member component of albite. In the diagenic process, three types of albitization are determined; (1) albitization of metasomatism by means of cation exchange in detrital feldspar; (2) secondary growth of albite on the original detrital feldspar; (3) albite crystallization with detrital feldspar solution. Analysis based on the equilibrium activity of thermodynamic principle shows that albitization of plagioclase is not controlled by temperature and pressure in diagenesis, and that albitization of potash feldspar depends on the increase of temperature and pressure during a diagenetic process. Therefore, the albitization of plagioclase is shown in the early stage of diagenesis and albitization of potash feldspar appears only in the late stage of diagenesis.
Abstract 80: Application of the ABCD2 Score to Assess the Risk of Stroke in Dizzy Patients Presenting to 19 Emergency Departments

Background: Dizziness is a very common Emergency Department (ED) complaint and can be a harbinger of stroke, yet there is no consensus on how to reliably and efficiently assess this risk. The ABCD2 score was originally developed to predict the short-term risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack and has showed promise when applied to dizzy patients presenting to a single tertiary care center ED. We sought to further validate the performance of the ABCD2 score by applying it across dizzy patients presenting to multiple community-based EDs. Methods: We conducted a nested-case control study within a cohort of all adults who presented to 19 EDs of a large Northern California integrated health program with a primary triage complaint of dizziness over a one-year period. Cases were defined as patients with an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at presentation or within 7 days and were identified using systematic search of electronic health records and medical record review by a vascular neurologist. An equal number of controls were randomly selected from among the remaining dizzy patients without stroke. Components of the ABCD2 score (age, blood pressure, clinical features, and diabetes) were collected from medical records by a trained medical record abstractor masked to the study outcomes. As in a prior study, since the duration of symptoms was not readily available, all patients were assumed to have had symptoms for greater than one hour. We calculated descriptive statistics, compared scores among cases and controls using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and assessed the discrimination performance of the ABCD2 score for stroke using ROC curves and the c-statistic. We used the sampling fraction to extrapolate these results to the cohort at large. Results: In a cohort of 9,566 ED patients with dizziness, 147 (1.54%) had a stroke. The mean ABCD2 score was 4.72 (SD 1.2) in cases and 3.66 (SD 1.1) in controls (p Conclusion: The ABCD2 score holds promise as a way to stratify the risk of stroke in ED patients with dizziness when applied across multiple EDs and identifies low-risk group where neuroimaging may not be warranted. However, formal evaluation of other clinical predictors and prospective validation is required before applying this score at the bedside to better target neuroimaging studies to the most appropriate patients without adversely impacting outcomes.
A Comparison of Libs for the Quantification of Au Nanoparticles using 1064 nm, 532 nm, and 266 nm Excitation

Nanoparticles have emerged as a tool for wide range of medical and industrial applications. There are several methods that are used to characterize the size and distribution of the nanoparticles in cells and tissues. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a versatile technique that has found its place in several analytical applications. Through short laser pulses, LIBS creates a plasma on the sample surface which yields critical elemental information. In this study we explore its use as method to estimate the concentration of gold nanoparticles in cells. We compare limit of detection (L.O.D.) obtained using plasmas produced by 15 mJ of laser energy at 1064 nm, 532 nm and 266 nm. Gold nanoparticles were incubated in human epithelial (HEp-2) cells at concentrations ranging from 0.30 to 1.25 µg/µl. Cells were trypsinzed and collected in HBSS after 24 hours incubation. 1.0 µl of cell incubated with nanoparticles were deposited on to pure silicon wafers and were analyzed using LIBS. The gold nanoparticle emission was monitored using the atomic emission line (Au I) at 267.59 nm. Under the current experimental conditions, the emission intensity emerging from the 266 nm laser produced plasmas was higher than the other two excitation wavelengths. In addition, using 266 nm as the excitation source led to improved L.O.D as compared to the other two wavelengths. Our results are promising towards using LIBS as a detection and quantification tools for nanoparticles in biological matrix. This work was supported by NSF-REU (DBI-1358923) to Dr. Komal Vig (PI)
Modification of a liquid hydrogen tank for integrated refrigeration and storage

The modification and outfitting of a 125,000-liter liquid hydrogen tank was performed to provide integrated refrigeration and storage capability. These functions include zero boil-off, liquefaction, and densification and therefore require provisions for sub-atmospheric tank pressures within the vacuum-jacketed, multilayer insulated tank. The primary structural modification was to add stiffening rings inside the inner vessel. The internal stiffening rings were designed, built, and installed per the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, to prevent collapse in the case of vacuum jacket failure in combination with sub-atmospheric pressure within the tank. For the integrated refrigeration loop, a modular, skeleton-type heat exchanger, with refrigerant temperature instrumentation, was constructed using the stiffening rings as supports. To support the system thermal performance testing, three custom temperature rakes were designed and installed along the 21-meter length of the tank, once again using rings as supports. The temperature rakes included a total of 20 silicon diode temperature sensors mounted both vertically and radially to map the bulk liquid temperature within the tank. The tank modifications were successful and the system is now operational for the research and development of integrated refrigeration technology.
The Future of the Case Report

In the future, case reports, n-of-1 trials, and individual biometric and genomic studies will play increasingly important roles in personalized medicine. Aggregated case reports will be mined for data, which will guide the care of patients with disease and treatment variables too complex to be addressed by randomized controlled trials. Physicians will use the database to make treatment decisions at the point of contact. Case reports capture novelty and innovation, and flourish at the cutting edge of new technologies. Two recent case reports hint at future directions: the innovative use of a smartphone activity tracker to guide arrhythmia management, and circulating tumor DNA to determine the specific mechanism of tumor resistance without a biopsy in a patient with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Coloring the War on Drugs: Arrest Disparities in Black, Brown, and White

Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) data, this study examines racial disparities in arrests for drug offending. Of the total 8984 NLSY97 participants, the study sample was restricted to the 4868 respondents who had ever reported using drugs (black = 1191, Hispanic = 980, white = 2697). The study questions are as follows: (1) Are there racial disparities in arrests for drug use, after controlling for incidence of drug use as well as other socio-demographic variables? (2) Are there racial disparities in arrests for drug dealing, after controlling for incidence of drug dealing as well as other socio-demographic variables? Compared with whites, blacks were more likely to be arrested for drug offending, even after controlling for incidence and other socio-demographic variables. Several socio-demographic variables, particularly gender, were also associated with arrests for drug offending. Bans on racial profiling and other legislative and policy changes are considered as potential strategies to ameliorate drug enforcement disparities.
The Shared Humanity of Global Development: Bio-politics and the SDGs

This special forum on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) addresses the significance of ‘sustainable development’ as the new template. While development once meant ‘improvement on the past’, i...
The Theoretical Landscape

This chapter is dedicated to a theoretical overview of the concept of utopia, its definition and history, starting from Thomas More’s seminal text. The aim is to explore utopia both as a genre and as a social project, with a special emphasis on utopias written in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Another topic discussed in the chapter is the relationship between ideology and utopia, making reference to the works of Mannheim, Ricoeur, Foucault, and Agamben. The chapter also takes into consideration dystopia as a complete reversal of utopia, a narrative that describes the destruction of the world in order to prevent it from happening. Dystopia can be seen as a prophecy created to avoid its fulfillment.
Motexafin Gadolinium (Mgd), a Redox Stress Inducer, Lowers p53 Protein but Not Message in Lymphoma Cell Lines: Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Apoptosis in Lymphoma.

Abstract Disruption of the tumor suppressor p53 is a frequent event in malignant disorders, including lymphomas. Loss of constitutive low-level p53-dependent expression of anti-oxidant proteins could render cells more susceptable to the acute oxidant stress induced by oxidant generating agents such as MGd, bortezomib and rituximab. Alternatively, loss of p53 would render cells more resistant to apoptosis normally seen after strong activation of p53 activity in response to DNA damage. We hypothesized that the ROS generating expanded porphyrin, MGd, which we have previously shown to cause apoptosis in lymphoma and myeloma cells, results in loss of low-level, basal p53 expression, making cells more susceptable to oxidant stress. In order to test this hypothesis, we incubated Ramos, HIF-1 and SUDHL-4 lymphoma cells for 30, 60, 120 and 300 min with MGd (0.1–100 μM) with or without zinc acetate (Zn) and ascorbate. Following incubation, whole cell lysates were collected, electrophoresed on SDS-PAGE gels and blotted with p53-DO1 antibody. GAPDH was used as an internal standard. We found that at 300 min incubation, there was a dose-dependent loss of p53 by immunoblotting in the presence of Mgd and either Zn or ascorbate in Ramos and SUDHL-4 compared with control, and a dramatic loss with MGd/Zn/ascorbate in each of the cell lines. Maximum loss of p53 was observed at 100 μM MGd with both Zn 100 μM and ascorbate 100 μM. MGd, Zn or ascorbate alone had no effect. To determine if p53 message was altered, Ramos cells were treated for 300 min with the same concentrations of MGd, ascorbate and Zn and total RNA isolated by the Qiagen method and dissolved in RNase-free water. 1.0 μg RNA was used for reverse transcription using the Taq DNA polymerase system. PCR amplificatiion was performed at 94° C for 30 sec (denaturation), 58° C (annealing) and 72° C (extension) for 40 cycles. Anti-sense primers and sense primers (IDT Technologies, Coralville, IA) for p53 and GAPDH were used and DNA was identified by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that there was no loss of p53 message under these conditions in the Ramos cell line. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is post-translational modification of p53 induced by the ROS-generating expanded porphyrin MGd, and that this effect depends on the presence of ascorbate or Zn, similar to the effects of MGd, ascorbate and Zn for lymphoma and myeloma cell apoptosis. These data suggest that oxidant generating agents can result in loss of low-level basal p53 protein expression in lymphoma cells and that this might be important in cellular apoptosis, perhaps through mechanisms that depend on downstream p53 targets.