cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Task Effects on Three-Dimensional Dynamic Postures during Seated Reaching Movements: An Analysis Method and Illustration

This paper presents a new method to empirically investigate the effects of task factors on three-dimensional (3D) dynamic postures during seated reaching movements. The method relies on a statistical model in which the effects of hand location and those of various task factors on dynamic postures are distinguished. Two statistical procedures are incorporated: a regression description of the relationship between the time-varying hand location and postural profiles to compress the movement data, and a series of analyses of variance to test the hypothesized task effects using instantaneous postures with prescribed hand locations as dependent measures. The use of this method is illustrated by an experiment which examines two generic task factors: 1) hand movement direction, and 2) motion completion time. The results suggest that the hand motion direction is a significant task factor and should be included as an important attribute when describing or modeling instantaneous postures. It was also found that the ...
NOAA to develop strategy to protect coral and sponge habitat

The U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) will develop a strategy to address research, conservation, and management issues regarding deep-ocean coral and sponge habitat, the agency indicated in an 11 July Federal Register notice. The Service, which is a unit of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, indicated that this strategy “eventually may result in rulemaking for some fisheries” but that “emergency rulemaking is not warranted.” The NMFS announcement is in response to a 24 March 2004 petition to the Commerce Department filed by Oceana, a non-governmental organization. That petition urged the department through NMFS to “initiate immediate rulemaking” to protect coral and sponge habitats in the U.S. exclusive economic zone through mapping, monitoring, research, and enforcement measures.
MLH1, PMS1, and MSH2 interactions during the initiation of DNA mismatch repair in yeast

The discovery that mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes can cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer has stimulated interest in understanding the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair in eukaryotes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA mismatch repair requires the MSH2, MLH1, and PMS1 proteins. Experiments revealed that the yeast MLH1 and PMS1 proteins physically associate, possibly forming a heterodimer, and that MLH1 and PMS1 act in concert to bind a MSH2-heteroduplex complex containing a G-T mismatch. Thus, MSH2, MLH1, and PMS1 are likely to form a ternary complex during the initiation of eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair.
An improved theory for temperature-dependent Arrhenius parameters in mesoscale surface diffusion

Abstract Experiments on metals typically show an abrupt change in the Arrhenius behavior of surface self-diffusion at temperatures near 60–75% of the bulk melting point. To explain this phenomenon, we propose based on correlational evidence that the most common mechanism for surface self-diffusion is one in which adatoms dominate low-temperature transport, while surface vacancies dominate at high temperatures. The high-temperature dominance of vacancies results from their substantially higher entropy of diffusion, which is a consequence of the large vibrational displacements of surface atoms relative to the bulk. This phenomenon may also explain the Arrhenius behavior on some non-metal surfaces.
Plaque Excision in Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease with the SilverHawk Atherectomy Catheter

Atherectomy, the removal of plaque from diseased vessels, is theoretically appealing with respect to various procedures used for revascularization of lower extremity vessels. Instead of damaging the native vessel by pushing aside plaque with a balloon or stent, the plaque is removed. Many atherectomy devices have been designed in attempts to achieve this goal. The SilverHawk device is the latest percutaneous device employing this treatment strategy. We discuss patient selection, technical considerations, and strategies for both above and below the knee revascularization, as well as pitfalls in each location based on our experience with over 200 patients.
Raman Spectra of Water in Concentrated Ionic Solutions

Photoelectric Raman spectra of solutions of the four potassium halides and of Be2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Al3+, La3+, and Pr3+ chlorides in ordinary water and in 5 mole % deuterated water show, in the region of the water stretching fundamentals, single broad bands similar to those of the pure solvents. Peak frequency shifts between solutions are small, about 1% or of the order of the available resolution, and are insensitive to the cation, except in the ZnCl2 solutions. Intensity and bandwidth changes are large, in the range 20%−100%, but these also correlate with the halide ion in the order F−<H2O<Cl−<Br−<I−. Direct cation effects are absent, even in solutions containing colored Cu2+ and Pr3+ ions near resonance with the 4358‐A exciting light, but in all of the solutions containing polyvalent cations, the molar intensity effect of Cl− is less than it is in KCl. The observed intensities can be related to anion effects when the Raman intensity behavior in solution is interpreted in terms of contribution ...
The effects of aluminum-silicon ordering on phase separation for a two-dimensional model of alkali feldspars

The time evolution of a model system for mixtures of sodium and potassium feldspars is investigated by computer simulations in order to determine what effects aluminum-silicon ordering may have on phase separation in these minerals. We assume that there is a greater energetic advantage for Al atoms to move onto preferred sites in the vicinity of Na atoms than in the vicinity of K atoms. This couples Al/Si ordering to the phase separation. We find that in such a system phase separation is slowed substantially compared to a system in which the two processes are not coupled.
Simultaneous determination of uranium and thorium in ores by instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis

Abstract Rapid scanning of numerous rock samples when prospecting for uranium and thorium ores can be facilitated by using the shorter-lived nuclides. The samples are activated during short epithermal neutron irradiations and the 20-min activities of 239U and 233Th are observed instrumentally with a small Ge(Li) detector. The detection limits for uranium and thorium are less than 1 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively.
On Development of a Semi-Mechanistic Wall Boiling Model

In modern cooling systems the requirement of higher performance demands highest possible heat transfer rates, which can be achieved by controlled nucleate boiling. Boiling based cooling systems are gaining attention in several engineering applications as a potential replacement of conventional single-phase cooling system. Although the controlled nucleate boiling enhances the heat transfer, uncontrolled boiling may lead to Dry Out situation, adversely affecting the cooling performance and may also cause mechanical damage due to high thermal stresses. Designing boiling based cooling systems requires a modeling approach based on detailed fundamental understanding of this complex two-phase heat and mass transfer phenomenon. Such models can help analyze different cooling systems, detect potential design flaws and carry out design optimization.In the present work a new semi-mechanistic wall boiling model is developed within commercial CFD solver ANSYS FLUENT. A phase change mechanism and wall heat transfer augmentation due to nucleate boiling are implemented in mixture multiphase flow framework. The phase change phenomenon is modeled using mechanistic evaporation-condensation model. Enhancement of wall heat transfer due to nucleate boiling is captured using 1D empirical correlation, modified for 3D CFD environment. A new method is proposed to calculate the local suppression of nucleate boiling based on the flow velocity, and hence this model can be applied to any complex shaped coolant passage. For different wall superheat, the wall heat fluxes predicted by the present model are validated against experimental data, in which 50-50 volume mixture of aqueous ethylene glycol (a typical anti-freeze coolant mixture) is used as working fluid. The validation study is performed in ducts of different sizes and shapes with different inlet velocities, inlet sub-cooling and operating pressures. The results are in good agreement with the experiments. This model is applied to a typical automobile Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system to study boiling heat transfer phenomenon and the results are presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Inhibition by pyrimidines of aspartate transcarbamylase partially purified from rat liver.

Abstract Aspartate transcarbamylase has been partially purified by 56-fold from rat liver employing 30% saturation with ammonium sulfate, absorption and elution from calcium phosphate gel, and fractionation upon DEAE-cellulose columns. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.2; a K m for aspartate of 5.3·10 −3 M and a K m for carbamyl phosphate of 2.5·10 −1 M. Mercaptoethanol was necessary for stabilization of the enzyme. The enzymic reaction resulted in the release of equivalent for concentrations of carbamylaspartate and inorganic phosohate. The enzyme was inhibited by heavy metals, e.g. , Ag + , Hg 2+ , Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ , and the inhibition could be reversed upon addition of EDTA to the incubation mixture. A crude supernatant preparation of rat liver was also inhibited by p -hydroxymercuribenzoate. Uridine, cytidine or their nucleotides inhibited the enzymic activity. The deoxyribonucleosides or deoxyribonucleotides were more effective inhibitors of this enzyme than the ribose derivatives and of the former, thymidine was the most potent. The inhibition by thymidine and deoxycytidine was of the reversible, competitive type as determined by the methods of Ackermann and Potter and Lineweaver and Burk . The inhibition constants were 4.1·10 −4 M and 7.0·10 −4 M, respectively.
Software metrics validation: Space Shuttle flight software example

Software quality metrics have potential for helping to ensure the quality of software on large projects such as theSpace Shuttle flight software. It is feasible to validate metrics for the purpose of controlling and predicting software quality during design by validating metrics against a quality factor. Quality factors, like reliability, are of more interest to customers than metrics, like complexity. However, quality factors cannot be collected until late in a project. Therefore, the need arises to validate metrics, which developers can collect early in a project, against a quality factor. We investigate the feasibility of validating metrics for controlling and predicting quality on theSpace Shuttle. The key to the approach is the use of validated metrics for early identification and resolution of quality problems.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Following a 758 km Pilgrimage

Millions of people participate in pilgrimages around the world such as the Camino de Santiago. However, few studies have examined the effects of this type of activity on cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors: c-reactive protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness levels following a 758 km, 30-day pilgrimage. 11 healthy male and female subjects between the ages of 18–56 participated in pre and post pilgrimage blood pressure and blood tests, as well as pre, during, and post pilgrimage weight, skin-fold, and aerobic fitness testing. Heart rate monitors and pedometers provided maximum, average, and minimum heart rates as well as distances covered during the exercise. The mean daily walking distance was 25 km at an average intensity of 55.96% (±1.93%) of maximum heart rate. Statistically significant changes were seen in body weight (79.3 kg±3.4 pre vs. 76.4±2.98 post, p
A hybrid MD-kMC algorithm for folding proteins in explicit solvent

We present a novel hybrid MD-kMC algorithm that is capable of efficiently folding proteins in explicit solvent. We apply this algorithm to the folding of a small protein, Trp-Cage. Different kMC move sets that capture different possible rate limiting steps are implemented. The first uses secondary structure formation as a relevant rate event (a combination of dihedral rotations and hydrogen-bonding formation and breakage). The second uses tertiary structure formation events through formation of contacts via translational moves. Both methods fold the protein, but via different mechanisms and with different folding kinetics. The first method leads to folding via a structured helical state, with kinetics fit by a single exponential. The second method leads to folding via a collapsed loop, with kinetics poorly fit by single or double exponentials. In both cases, folding times are faster than experimentally reported values, The secondary and tertiary move sets are integrated in a third MD-kMC implementation, which now leads to folding of the protein via both pathways, with single and double-exponential fits to the rates, and to folding rates in good agreement with experimental values. The competition between secondary and tertiary structure leads to a longer search for the helix-rich intermediate in the case of the first pathway, and to the emergence of a kinetically trapped long-lived molten-globule collapsed state in the case of the second pathway. The algorithm presented not only captures experimentally observed folding intermediates and kinetics, but yields insights into the relative roles of local and global interactions in determining folding mechanisms and rates.
Defining protein interactions with yeast actin in vivo

Using the two-hybrid protein interaction reporter system, actin, profilin, Srv2p and two SH3-containing proteins are found to bind yeast actin in vivo. When tested for ability to interact with 35 actin mutations distributed over the monomer surface, distinct subsets of mutations characteristic for each putative ligand are found to disrupt binding. In particular, the pattern of differential interactions for the actin-act in interaction is consistent with published structures for the actin filament. Despite functional similarities, the patterns of differential interaction for Srv2p and profilin are different. In contrast, the patterns for profilin and the SH3 domain proteins suggest a shared binding site and commonality in mechanism.
LINFADENECTOMÍA LUMBOAÓRTICA SISTEMÁTICA: UNIDAD DE GINECOLOGÍA ONCOLÓGICA, HOSPITAL CARLOS VAN BUREN DE VALPARAÍSO

Objetivo: Dar a conocer la tecnica de linfadenectomia lumboaortica sistematica (LLS) en el cancer de en-dometrio y ovario, asi como los resultados quirurgicos obtenidos con ella en este grupo de pacientes. Metodo: Se presenta una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes portadoras de cancer de endometrio y ovario que requieren LLS entre agosto de 2005 y marzo de 2008. Se describe la tecnica empleada y los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: 76 pacientes portadoras de cancer de endometrio y ovario son sometidas a LLS. La edad promedio es de 57 anos; 40 pacientes (52,6%) presentan cancer de endometrio y 35 (46%) cancer de ovario. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 55 minutos y el sangrado estimado de 120 mi. Se obtiene un recuento ganglionar promedio de 25,4 ganglios. Fallecen 2 pacientes y otra debe ser intervenida en el postoperatorio por hemoperitoneo. Conclusion: La tecnica descrita es facilmente realizable, con minimas complicaciones y con una adecuada exposicion del retroperitoneo, lo que permite obtener un numero de ganglios necesarios para la etapificacion del cancer de endometrio y ovario.
Oral dipyridamole and methotrexate in human solid tumors: a toxicity trial.

Dipyridamole (DP) blocks nucleoside salvage by inhibiting uptake at the cell membrane. At the usual oral doses DP has no cytotoxic activity, but when combined with an antimetabolite, it results in synergistic cell kill in vitro. In this study, 45 patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with oral DP and i.v. or i.m. methotrexate (MTX) to define the toxicity of this combination. The DP dose was 75 mg b.i.d. in the first 16 patients, 150 mg b.i.d. in the next 2, and 75 mg q.i.d. in the remaining 27 patients. MTX was given weekly at an initial dose of 10–30 mg/m2 and increased weekly by 5–10 mg/m2 to the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) or a maximum of 60 mg/m2; thereafter that dose was given every other week. DP levels ranged from 2.76 to 11.46 μM, with a mean of 5.67 μM in four patients taking 75 mg q.i.d. The combination of oral DP and MTX was generally well tolrated and did not appear to result in any more myelotoxicity or mucositis than that expected for MTX alone. One patient experienced severe headaches related to DP, ten patients experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia, and four patients had grade 3 mucositis. Although this trial was not designed as a phase II study, one partial remission was observed in a patient with metastatic pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland and seven patients showed significant improvement.
THE POLITICS OF MICROPOLICY: INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES

For over a decade, a series of wrenching structural changes, external shocks and deep recessions battered the industrialized economies. In varying degrees, all of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries experienced declining economic growth, lagging productivity, rising unemployment and higher inflation in the 1970s and early 1980s. The circle of distressed industries widened beyond primary goods producers to include larger, higher-wage, more capital-intensive industries with extensive links to other economic sectors. The developed nations faced new Lesser Developed Countries (LDC) competitors in high-volume manufacturing using mature technologies and relatively unskilled labour. The US, in addition, was shaken by an emerging challenge to its leadership in many of the advanced technologies presumed to underlie its future comparative advantage.
Preferences for Different CBI Text Screen Designs Based on the Density Level and Realism of the Lesson Content Viewed

Abstract College student subjects indicated preferences for learning from computer-based instruction (CBI) text screen designs representing four different levels of screen density. Conditions for the presentations were varied on the basis of the number of screens presented for each density level (single screen vs. multiple frames) and the realism of the text content viewed (nonsense, approximation-to-English, and actual lesson). Results showed similar patterns for both single and multiple frames, reflecting a tendency by subjects to favor middle to low density presentations with the artificial text forms, but middle to high density presentations with realistic text. The suggestion is that when artificial stimulus materials are used in instructional design preference studies, aesthetic properties may become more salient in the absence of cues for judging the role of supporting context (high density text) in conveying meaning. The implications of this idea for practice and research on computer screen design are discussed.
A Cross-Lagged Evaluation of Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Substance-Use Problems

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a temporal examination of the associations among disordered eating behaviors, substance use, and use-related negative consequences in female college students—a population at high risk for developing eating and substance-use disorders. Method: Participants completed assessments of disordered eating behaviors, alcohol and drug use, and use-related negative consequences. Results: Results support previous research suggesting that disordered eating behaviors are more strongly associated with alcohol- and substance-related problems rather than use per se. With respect to temporal precedence, results indicated that binge eating preceded alcohol-use problems, but a bidirectional relationship was found for vomiting. With regard to drug problems, laxatives use preceded drug problems, whereas drug problems preceded fasting. These associations were not better accounted for by pre-existing eating or substance-use problems or psychiatric distress (e.g., depression, an...
Potent inhibition of the C-P lyase nucleosidase PhnI by Immucillin-A triphosphate.

The C–P lyase complex in bacteria catalyzes the transformation of phosphonates to orthophosphate under conditions of phosphate starvation. The first committed step in the C–P lyase-catalyzed reaction is the displacement of adenine from MgATP by phosphonate substrates, yielding ribose-1-phosphonate-5-triphosphate. In the C–P lyase complex, this reaction is catalyzed by the nucleosidase PhnI and modulated by the addition of PhnG, PhnH, and PhnL. Here we describe the synthesis of Immucillin-A triphosphate, a mimic of the transition state structure for the nucleosidase reaction catalyzed by PhnI. This compound inhibits PhnI with a dissociation constant of 20 nM at pH 7.5.
The use of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase for simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction and in-situ methanolysis of cis-vaccenic acid in milkweed seeds

cis-Vaccenate was determined in milkweed (Ascelpias) seed employing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with in-situ enzymatic methanolysis. Candida antarctica lipase type B immobilized onto two different types of carrier materials—a hydrophobic polymer (Novozyme 435) and a silica-based material (NovoSample 40013)—was investigated. Several SFE parameters were investigated to find the optimal conditions, including extraction time, temperature, methanol concentration, and water level. It was shown that 90 min of dynamic extraction/reaction time was required, and that the optimal methanol and water concentrations differed for the two enzyme preparations studied. Overall, Novozyme 435 demonstrated the fastest reaction kinetics and consistently gave the highest vaccenate yields. The optimized methodology was applied on 15 species of milkweed seeds, giving an average recovery of 105±7% when compared to results obtained using a conventional methodology. The average relative standard deviations were 8% for the enzyme-based method and 4% for the reference method. The proposed methodology was faster, was less laborious, and consumed less organic solvent than the reference method. Hence, SFE with in-situ enzymatic methanolysis is a promising methodology for the analysis of FA in oilseeds.
Office management of heart failure in the elderly

Heart failure is one of the most common conditions affecting older patients seen by clinicians in routine office practice. This article reviews the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of heart failure in elderly patients evaluated in the ambulatory care setting, and provides concise, practical information relevant to all major aspects of care. Specific topics include the role of diagnostic testing, such as echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide; principles of nonpharmacological management, including patient education, diet, exercise, and daily weights; drug therapy for systolic heart failure as well as heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function; end-of-life issues; and when to refer the patient to a specialist. Although heart failure in the elderly differs in many important respects from heart failure occurring in middle-aged patients, the general approach to diagnosis and management is similar in younger and older patients.
Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with achievement of treatment goals in adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Purpose: To examine the following questions with regard to the initiation of a new intensive management program for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: (a) What clinical and psychosocial factors are associated with achievement of metabolic control treatment goals after 1 year? and (b) What baseline clinical and psychosocial factors are associated with improvement in the quality of life after 12 months? Methods: Eighty-one subjects (of 83 who began; aged 14.3 ± 2.0 years at entry; 48 females, 33 males; 95% white; diabetes duration 8.9 ± 3.9 years) with Type 1 diabetes completed 12 months of follow-up in a study of intensified treatment of diabetes. Assessments at baseline and at 12 months used the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth scale, the Self-efficacy for Diabetes Scale, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Issues in Coping with Diabetes Scale, and the Diabetes Family Behavior Scale. Data were analyzed using multiple and logistic regression. Results: From a baseline of >9%, HbA1c levels decreased to a mean of 7.8 ± 0.7%, with 30% of the subjects achieving our treatment goal of ≤7.2%. Logistic regression demonstrated that achievement of goal levels of HbA1c were associated with better metabolic control at study entry ( p = .05), participation in coping skills training ( p = .003), and more parental participation in guidance and control ( p = .05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that participation in coping skills training with lower impact of diabetes on quality of life at baseline and less depression at baseline contributed significantly to the variance (0.57) in quality of life at 12 months. Conclusions: Providers need to pay particular attention to adolescents with poorer metabolic control and impact of diabetes on quality of life when they intensify their treatment because they are less likely to reach treatment goals. Furthermore, behavioral interventions such as coping skills training may help teens achieve their goals.
Spherical probes and quantized vortices: Hydrodynamic formalism and simple applications

The velocity field of an ideal fluid in the presence of a moving spherical boundary and a vortex line of arbitrary configuration is found, and the hydrodynamic force acting on the sphere determined. Using this formalism, one may compute the motion of the sphere and the vortex line in the general case where the sphere has inertia and is subject to externally applied forces. The resulting algorithm can be utilized to study the complicated hydrodynamic interactions between charge carriers and quantized vortices in superfluid helium. As simple examples of the application of the hydrodynamic formalism, the force exerted on a moving sphere by an instantaneously rectilinear vortex is evaluated, and the interaction of a vortex ring with a fixed sphere is considered.
Theory of nonlinear dispersive waves and selection of the ground state.

A theory of time-dependent nonlinear dispersive equations of the Schr\"odinger or Gross-Pitaevskii and Hartree type is developed. The short, intermediate and large time behavior is found, by deriving nonlinear master equations (NLME), governing the evolution of the mode powers, and by a novel multitime scale analysis of these equations. The scattering theory is developed and coherent resonance phenomena and associated lifetimes are derived. Applications include Bose-Einstein condensate large time dynamics and nonlinear optical systems. The theory reveals a nonlinear transition phenomenon, ``selection of the ground state,'' and NLME predicts the decay of excited state, with half its energy transferred to the ground state and half to radiation modes. Our results predict the recent experimental observations of Mandelik et al. in nonlinear optical waveguides.
Development of Switching Components for Controlled-Fusion Research

Needs and applications for ultra-high-power switching are discussed, and various approaches are compared. Capacitor-bank experience and circuitry are covered, together with ignitron limitations. A test and cooperative development program has led to: (a) a 2 inch 10 kv ignitron for 30 kamp for 500 ?sec; and (b) a 4 inch insulated-cathode ignitron for 10 kamp for 20 msec. Times for arc transfer to the wall are given for the 5 inch 5555 ignitron. A radical 19 inch flat ignitron has been built, and a 40 kv 200 kamp fast mechanical switch is being developed. Firing delay and jitter are given for the 2 inch ignitron.
Traitement par l'hétacilline

L'hetacilline est un derive du noyau 6-aminopenicillanique.Antibiotique bactericide a tres large spectre, il est actif sur la majorite des germes Gram + et Gram −. Acido-resistante, l'hetacilline n'est pas detruite par le suc gastrique mais seulement resorbee a partir du grele, d'ou son taux sanguin eleve lors de l'administration orale.
Relation of Cerebral Vasospasm to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Visualized by Computerized Tomographic Scanning

In 47 cases of verified ruptured saccular aneurysm, we investigated the relationship of the amount and distribution of subarachnoid blood detected by computerized tomography to the later development of cerebral vasospasm. When the subarachnoid blood was not detected or was distributed diffusely, severe vasospasm was almost never encounters (1 of 18 cases). In the presence of subarachnoid blood clots larger than 5 X 3 mm (measured on the reproduced images) or layers of blood 1 mm or more thick in fissures and vertical cisterns, severe spasm followed almost invariably (23 of 24 cases). There was an almost exact correspondence between the site of the major subarachnoid blood clots and the location of severe vasospasm. Every patient with severe vasospasm manifested delayed symptoms and signs. Excellent correlation existed between the particular artery in vasospasm and the delayed clinical syndrome. Severe vasospasm involved the anterior cerebral artery in 20 cases and the middle cerebral artery in only 14. As the grading system used is partly subjective, the findings should be regarded as preliminary. The results, if confirmed, indicate that blood localized in the subarachnoid space in sufficient amount at specific sites is the only important etiological factor in vasospasm. It should be possible to identify patients in jeopardy from vasospasm and institute early preventive measures. (Neurosurgery, 6: 1--9, 1980)
A New Latin Americanist Pedagogy

The social science study of Latin America has two essential components: "Establishment studies" and "relevant studies." Establishment studies generally assume that the United States is the model for the Western Hemisphere, except during certain historical moments when authoritarian systems are deemed better able to protect U.S. commercial interests. These studies assign to scholars a function of lawyering for elitist formulations of U.S. foreign policy. Relevant studies, in contrast, are guided by consideration of what protects and enhances the well-being of the people and environment of Latin America and the world. In this essay "relevant" is associated with helpful social outcomes and is not synonymous with "verifiable." Those who study politics should not pretend to be doing science or to know what ideal human culture is. It is one thing to seek to overcome intolerable living conditions; it is quite another to advocate uniformity of beliefs and values. Many unprovable cosmologies, myths, and legends have made life worth living, inspiring heroic deeds and artistry. The trick is the promotion of life-edifying structural change and enlightened knowledge without extinguishing the inner light resident in individuals.
Exposure to ionizing radiation during liver transplantation evaluation, waitlist time, and in the postoperative period: A cause for concern

Substantial evidence has linked ionizing radiation exposure (RE) to oncogenesis. Patients evaluated for transplantation undergo extensive diagnostic imaging and have increased baseline cancer risk factors. The objective was to examine exposure in a cohort of patients undergoing evaluation and liver transplantation. Radiation exposure from all diagnostic examinations and procedures were retrospectively recorded. Radiation exposure is reported in mSv, a standardized measure of the detrimental biologic effect of radiation which allows for population-level comparisons. Seventy-four patients (69% male, mean 57 years) were evaluated, of which 13 of 35 subsequently listed patients were transplanted; an additional 18 previously evaluated patients were also transplanted during 2010. The most common indications were hepatitis C (55%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (30%). The median observation period was 14 months. In all, 1,826 imaging examinations were performed, of which 408 (22%) involved considerable ionizing radiation and were the focus of investigation. Median annualized effective RE was 51 mSv (interquartile range [IQR]: 19,126), with 10% exposed to almost twice the amount of radiation recommended for a 5-year period. Patients with HCC received significantly (P < 0.00001) higher median annualized effective RE than patients without HCC, 137 mSv (IQR: 87,259) versus 32 mSv (IQR: 13,57), respectively. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen (23%) and chest (16%) accounted for the most common exposures, with CT abdomen accounting for 46% of overall cohort RE. Conclusion: Patients undergoing evaluation and liver transplantation at our center are exposed to very high levels of ionizing radiation. Although long-term effects in these patients are yet to be defined, the theoretical increased risk of malignancy must be given its due consideration. Routine use of nonradiation imaging and reconsideration of indications may be preferred and justified in this population. (Hepatology 2014;59:496–504)
Essay review: The ferment of Van Helmont's ideas

In Joan Baptista Van Helmont: Reformer o f Science and Medicine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982) Walter Pagel professes themes central to his life-long endeavors as one of this century's most distinguished historians of medicine. From his early works such as "Religious Motives in the Medical Biology of the 17th Century," through books and monographs on Van Helmont, Paracelsus, and Harvey, to this latest contribution, Pagel has emphasized the centrality of esoteric modes of thought to the development of Renaissance and early modern medicine and biology. Out of the ferment of such discarded views, Pagel insists, emerge fundamental biological notions like those of immanently active matter and "irritability" and so-called ontological conceptions of disease. Moreover, throughout his career Pagel has been sensitive to nuances of the religious and philosophical commitments underlying such views. Pagel's book successfully elucidates the full range of Van Helmont's biological, medical, and natural philosophical ideas, at the same time exposing their roots in religious and philosophical reform. Van Helmont's reforming impulses, unlike more moderate "humanist" medical reformers such as Champier and Fernel in the preceding century, were based upon neither the revival of ancient medical authorities nor the purification and continued hegemony of established institutions such as the university medical faculty. Like his primary sixteenth-century model, Paracelsus, Van Helmont stood largely outside the edifice of medical thought built upon these twin foundations by traditional academic physicians of the Renaissance. Like Paracelsus, Van Helmont sought to undermine the edifice. As the construction of human reason, traditional Aristotelian and Galenic biomedical thought was specious and misguided, substituting fictitious entia rationis for things themselves. For Van Helmont, reform had to recognize the absolute disjunction between reason and truth. The products of human reason, the result of "impatient ambition and vanity," are opposed to the human intellect (mens) which reason attempts to subvert. Turning from the fabrications of reason specious
Effect of storage temperature and moisture on Glomus species and their subsequent effect on citrus rootstock seedling growth and mycorrhiza development

Two tests based on growth of sour orange citrus bioassay plants and fungus development in roots, were conducted to determine survival of Glomus intraradices . During storage for up to 359 days at five temperatures, survival was poorest at the two highest temperatures, namely 16 and 21°C in one and 4 and 21°C in a second test. Glomus mosseae stored at 12 soil moisture levels for 56 days stimulated a growth response in sour orange in all treatments, but not after storage for 196 days. Glomus intraradices , stored at the same soil moisture levels for 196 days, survived all treatments. Based on plant growth and fungus development, these soil-moisture storage treatments did not appear to have a differential effect on survival. Freezing inocula of both Glomus species for one, two and three 14 h periods with 10 h thawing periods between freezes, and a 62 h continuous freeze before inoculation, did not affect development of G. intraradices in the root, but root weight was decreased in the three longest freeze treatments. The effect of freezing on G. mosseae suggested that spore dormancy factors were reduced by freezing because plant growth, and fungus development in roots, increased. Five heat treatments, at temperatures from 43 to 66° reduced activity of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and G. deserticola inocula even at the lowest temperature. Viability of G. intraradices and G. mosseae did not occur beyond 60°, and for G. deserticola not beyond 54°.
Taxing Cruise Tourism: Alaska's Head Tax on Cruise Ship Passengers:

In 2006, Alaskans voted to pass an initiative, Ballot Measure 2, which, among several provisions, levied a head tax on every visiting cruise ship passenger per voyage. Money collected from the head tax was to be appropriated by the legislature to municipalities to defray their cost of providing public services to cruise tourism. This paper develops a simple model which treats the cruise ship passenger tax as a lump-sum tax and analyses how this tourist tax might influence consumer behaviour and the likely effects on the tourist industry, state and local governments and the residents of Alaska. The analytical framework can be adapted easily for use in other destinations where lawmakers contemplate the merits of levying head taxes on tourists.
Wideband ring resonator bandpass filter with dual stepped impedance stubs

A wideband microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) using a ring resonator with dual stepped impedance stubs is presented. The two open-circuited stubs are placed on the symmetrical plane of the feed lines, the lengths and the characteristic impedances of which are calculated by the analysis of both resonance and transmission zero frequencies. Colinear feed lines, which are either direct connected lines or interdigital coupled lines, are used to connect the ring resonator. Measured results of the filter demonstrate a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 87.3 % and a wide stopband bandwidth with sharp cutoff regions.
Ultrasonic Imaging Using Doppler Effect Caused By A Moving Transducer

An imaging method using the Doppler effect is proposed in this paper. An object is illuminated by a sinusoidal wave from a linearly moving transducer. The frequency components of the reflected wave could be considered to be projections along lines at the corresponding angles. One can reconstruct images by applying the conventional CT (computerized tomography) algorithm to the projections thus obtained. The theory is derived, and it is confirmed by numerical simulation and experiment.
Asymptotic solutions and limits of transport equations for tubular flow photoreactors

Abstract Asymptotic solutions to the continuity and radiant energy equations are presented for tubular flow photoreactors under conditions of extremely small optical density. The asymptotic limits of the solutions to these equations are given when the optical density approaches infinity. The effects of radial and axial movement of reactant on the reactor performance under these limiting optical densities are given in graphical form. It is shown that in the absence of radial movement an optimum optical density exists for reactions whose rate depends explicitly on reactant concentration. An estimate of the greatest lower bound on the optimum optical density is given.
Interaction between an Integral Protein of the Nuclear Envelope Inner Membrane and Human Chromodomain Proteins Homologous to Drosophila HP1

At the nuclear envelope in higher eukaryotic cells, the nuclear lamina and the heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane, and their attachment is presumably mediated by integral membrane proteins. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, the nucleoplasmic domain of lamin B receptor (LBR), an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, associated with two human polypeptides homologous to Drosophila HP1, a heterochromatin protein involved in position-effect variegation. LBR fusion proteins bound to HP1 proteins synthesized by in vitro translation and present in cell lysates. Antibodies against LBR also co-immunoprecipitated HP1 proteins from cell extracts. LBR can interact with chromodomain proteins that are highly conserved in eukaryotic species and may function in the attachment of heterochromatin to the inner nuclear membrane in cells.
Subnormal operators and the Kaplansky density theorem

We show that if S is a pure subnormal operator, then the minimal normal extension can be written as $\left(\begin{array}{cc} S & D 0 & E\end{array}\right)$ with $D,E \in W^*(S)$ . We also extend the Kaplansky density theorem by proving that if $\mathcal{A}$ is a unital $C^*$ -algebra of operators, then every subnormal contraction in $\mathcal{A}^{\prime \prime }$ is a (SOT) limit of normal contractions in $\mathcal{A}$ . We prove similar results for subnormal tuples.
Parent-child interactions and objectively measured child physical activity: a cross-sectional study

Parents influence their children's behaviors directly through specific parenting practices and indirectly through their parenting style. Some practices such as logistical and emotional support have been shown to be positively associated with child physical activity (PA) levels, while for others (e.g. monitoring) the relationship is not clear. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between parent's PA-related practices, general parenting style, and children's PA level. During the spring of 2007 a diverse group of 99 parent-child dyads (29% White, 49% Black, 22% Hispanic; 89% mothers) living in low-income rural areas of the US participated in a cross-sectional study. Using validated questionnaires, parents self-reported their parenting style (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved) and activity-related parenting practices. Height and weight were measured for each dyad and parents reported demographic information. Child PA was measured objectively through accelerometers and expressed as absolute counts and minutes engaged in intensity-specific activity. Seventy-six children had valid accelerometer data. Children engaged in 113.4 ± 37.0 min. of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. Children of permissive parents accumulated more minutes of MVPA than those of uninvolved parents (127.5 vs. 97.1, p < 0.05), while parents who provided above average levels of support had children who participated in more minutes of MVPA (114.2 vs. 98.3, p = 0.03). While controlling for known covariates, an uninvolved parenting style was the only parenting behavior associated with child physical activity. Parenting style moderated the association between two parenting practices - reinforcement and monitoring - and child physical activity. Specifically, post-hoc analyses revealed that for the permissive parenting style group, higher levels of parental reinforcement or monitoring were associated with higher levels of child physical activity. This work extends the current literature by demonstrating the potential moderating role of parenting style on the relationship between activity-related parenting practices and children's objectively measured physical activity, while controlling for known covariates. Future studies in this area are warranted and, if confirmed, may help to identify the mechanism by which parents influence their child's physical activity behavior.
On the interactions between real-time scheduling and inter-thread cached interferences for multicore processors

In a multicore platform, the inter-thread cache interferences can significantly affect the worst-case execution time (WCET) of each real-time task, which is crucial for schedulability analysis. At the same time, the worst-case cache interferences are dependent on how tasks are scheduled to run on different cores, thus creating a circular dependence. In this paper, we present an offline real-time scheduling approach on multicore processors by considering the worst-case inter-thread interferences on shared L2 caches. Our scheduling approach uses a greedy heuristic to generate safe schedules while minimizing the worst-case inter-thread shared L2 cache interferences and WCET. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce the utilization of the resulting schedule by about 12% on average compared to the cyclic multicore scheduling approaches in our theoretical model.
Mixtures of Wild-type and a Pathogenic (E22G) Form of Aβ40 in Vitro Accumulate Protofibrils, Including Amyloid Pores☆

Although APP mutations associated with inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are relatively rare, detailed studies of these mutations may prove critical for gaining important insights into the mechanism(s) and etiology of AD. Here, we present a detailed biophysical characterization of the structural properties of protofibrils formed by the Arctic variant (E22G) of amyloid-beta protein (Abeta40(ARC)) as well as the effect of Abeta40(WT) on the distribution of the protofibrillar species formed by Abeta40(ARC) by characterizing biologically relevant mixtures of both proteins that may mimic the situation in the heterozygous patients. These studies revealed that the Arctic mutation accelerates both Abeta oligomerization and fibrillogenesis in vitro. In addition, Abeta40(ARC) was observed to affect both the morphology and the size distribution of Abeta protofibrils. Electron microscopy examination of the protofibrils formed by Abeta40(ARC) revealed several morphologies, including: (1) relatively compact spherical particles roughly 4-5 nm in diameter; (2) annular pore-like protofibrils; (3) large spherical particles 18-25 nm in diameter; and (4) short filaments with chain-like morphology. Conversion of Abeta40(ARC) protofibrils to fibrils occurred more rapidly than protofibrils formed in mixed solutions of Abeta40(WT)/Abeta40(ARC), suggesting that co-incubation of Abeta40(ARC) with Abeta40(WT) leads to kinetic stabilization of Abeta40(ARC) protofibrils. An increase in the ratio of Abeta(WT)/Abeta(MUT(Arctic)), therefore, may result in the accumulation of potential neurotoxic protofibrils and acceleration of disease progression in familial Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers.
Relationships between specific drinking problems in early adulthood and middle age: An exploratory 20-year follow-up study.

Specific drinking problems were remeasured in a panel study after a 20-year interval. The nature of the problems at both measurement points is assessed and the associations between them explored.
A survey on localization for mobile wireless sensor networks

Over the past decade we have witnessed the evolution of wireless sensor networks, with advancements in hardware design, communication protocols, resource efficiency, and other aspects. Recently, there has been much focus on mobile sensor networks, and we have even seen the development of small-profile sensing devices that are able to control their own movement. Although it has been shown that mobility alleviates several issues relating to sensor network coverage and connectivity, many challenges remain. Among these, the need for position estimation is perhaps the most important. Not only is localization required to understand sensor data in a spatial context, but also for navigation, a key feature of mobile sensors. In this paper, we present a survey on localization methods for mobile wireless sensor networks. We provide taxonomies for mobile wireless sensors and localization, including common architectures, measurement techniques, and localization algorithms. We conclude with a description of real-world mobile sensor applications that require position estimation.