cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ARtLens: Enhancing Museum Visitors' Engagement with African Art

We present ARtLens, an Augmented Reality application for the Microsoft HoloLens, which allows museum visitors to actively interact with and learn about artifacts. We designed ARtLens to enhance learning and engagement with museum collections while keeping the focus on the original artifact. ARtLens provides context for an artifact by supplying audio and visual information, and guides visitors in exploring the original artifact. It also allows users to directly manipulate, using gesture-based interactions, holographic representations of related artifacts next to original artifacts in the gallery. We intend to study the impact of ARtLens on object-based learning and engagement of museum visitors in an African Art gallery.
Lymph Nodes, Thymus, Spleen, and Lymphatics

The effects of radiation on these tissues is determined by the response of the constituent immune cells to radiation, and these range from highly sensitive conventional T cells to relatively radioresistant plasma cells, with the stromal supporting cells being relatively resistant to the effects of radiation. Lymphatic vessels connect the lymphoid organs and these lymphatics are therefore critical for the systemic antigen sampling and filtering functions of the lymphoreticular system. Plasma cells then migrate into the medullary cords in the center of the lymph node where they produce antibodies, which flow out through the medullary sinuses. T and B lymphocytes have distinct patterns of survival after radiation, with T cells demonstrating greater radiation sensitivity than the B cells. In addition to promoting cytokine production and stimulating cell proliferation and/or recruitment, radiation also modulates the expression of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, such as CD28 and CTLA-4, respectively. Damage to the lymphorecticular system after RT can lead to acute cytopenias and immune compromise, which can increase the risk of infection. Historically lymphangiograms, and more recently nuclear medicine modalities, such as PET are being investigated. High doses of radiation destroy the parechyma of lymph nodes and other organized lymphatic tissue, leaving the stroma, blood vessels, mature plasma cells and phagocytic cells. Sparing of a strip of medial skin/lymphatics in the design of extremity fields will minimize the risk of lymphedema. TBI and TLI fields used for transplantation conditioning or immunomodulation are usually treated to total doses of approximately 1200–1320 cGy and 800–1200 cGy, that are often hyperfractioned for TBI. Hormesis is the paradoxical augmentation of certain immune responses by low doses of irradiation due to shifts in the relative ratios of immune cell subsets with distinct radiosensitivity profiles.
Evaluation of solubility and viscosity of refrigerant/lubricant solutions

Accurate representations of dense fluid mixtures typically require methods phrased in terms of activity. Some approaches to representations of activity are derived from arguments based upon local composition models. These have the advantage of pro­ viding approximate, but physically reasoned, relationships to molecular structure and intermolecular association. Since the essential difficulty in the establishment of suit­ able refrigerant/oil replacements is that of solubility effects arising from asymmetric molecular association, local composition models are expected to be promising for the correlation of experimental pressure-temperature-solubility (P-T-x) data. Local composition models may also have the advantage that an approximate form for the temperature dependence of the activity is provided. To the extent that this form is correct, the amount of experimental measurements required for a characterization of the PTx surface is reduced, as are uncertainties associated with extrapolation from a limited amount of experimental data. Other approaches to the representations of activity are derived from arguments based upon group contribution methods. The basic idea is that, while there are thou­ sands of common materials used by chemical technology, the number of functional groups which constitute these compounds is much smaller. Therefore, with the as­ sumption that a physical property of a fluid is a sum of contributions made by the
Rapid acclimation of the cortisol stress response in adult turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri.

The turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri is an increasingly popular model species for comparative vertebrate research, and the basic physiology including responses to stressful stimuli are of...
Orbital Venous Varices: A Rare Bilateral Asymptomatic Presentation

This report illustrates a case of asymptomatic bilateral orbital varices in a 64-year-old Caucasian male. The orbital varices were incidentally discovered while investigating the patient's initial presentation of bilateral chorioretinal scars and optic nerve head drusen. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits with contrast confirmed the presence of bilateral varices of the inferior ophthalmic veins and pterygoid plexuses. The occurrence of bilateral orbital varices is quite rare, and few asymptomatic cases have been described in the literature.
Poisons: An Introduction for Forensic Investigators

A unique book on recognition and investigation of criminal poisoning for investigators of all backgrounds and stages of their careers. Poisons: An Introduction for Forensic Investigators is a concise yet comprehensive overview of toxicants and unanticipated circumstances in which poisoning occurs. This book expands awareness of poisoning possibilities, heightens recognition of the toxic potential of many substances, and provides information to aid in focusing investigations. Poisons discusses life-threatening toxic substances and agents that modify behavior to achieve criminal goals. These include drugs that facilitate sexual assaults and robberies, and those found in medical child abuse and drug-product tampering. More than 230 case studies illustrate both unintentional and intentional poisoning and highlight situations where poisoning may not immediately be apparent. Information is included in pertinent criminal poisoning cases to illustrate the temperament of poisoners, their relationship to victims, their basis for poison selection, and their method of administration. Since Poisons is written by a single author, the discussions, format, educational level, and terminology remain consistent to aid crime scene investigators, homicide detectives, forensic scientists, death investigators, toxicologists, medical examiners, attorneys, and students. The book's more than 650 references are an asset to frame knowledge as well as a resource to return to again and again.
Experimental Investigation of Magnetized Liner Implosions on A 1-MA Linear Transformer Driver*

The 1-MA Linear Transformer Driver at the University of Michigan has been used to implode axially pre-magnetized $( B_{z}=0.2 -2.0\mathrm {T})$ ultrathin (400 - 800 nm thick) cylindrical aluminum liners. These experiments have shown that one (or at most two) discrete helical mode(s) develop with azimuthal mode numbers of $m = 1$ and 2, despite the relatively weak value of the applied axial magnetic field when compared to the peak azimuthal magnetic field of $\sim 40 \mathrm {T}$ 1. Presently, experiments are underway to study the effects of increasing the axial magnetic field (up to $B_{z} =5.5\mathrm {T})$ in order to investigate the development of higher order azimuthal modes. To improve our diagnostics, we are developing two systems, including: (1) an ultraviolet laser shadowgraphy/ interferometry system $( \lambda =355$ nm) and (2) a twelve-frame self-emission imaging system that simultaneously observes the front and back sides of the liner-plasma.
Case 7-2019: A 73-Year-Old Woman with Swelling of the Right Groin and Fever.

A Woman with Swelling of the Right Groin and Fever A 73-year-old woman with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with right inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, and night sweats. Results...
Internal Revenue Code Section 170(h): National Perpetuity Standards for Federally Subsidized Conservation EasementsPart 1: The Standards

This Article is the first of two companion articles that (i) analyze the requirements in Internal Revenue Code section 170(h) that a deductible conservation easement be “granted in perpetuity” and its conservation purpose be “protected in perpetuity” and (ii) compare those requirements to state law provisions addressing the transfer, modification, or termination of conservation easements. This first Article discusses the historical development of the federal charitable income tax deduction for conservation easement donations, the legislative history of section 170(h), and the Treasury Regulations interpreting that section. It explains that section 170(h) and the Treasury Regulations contain a complex web of requirements intended to ensure that a federal subsidy is provided only with respect to conservation easements that permanently protect unique or otherwise significant properties. Such requirements are also intended to ensure that, in the unlikely event changed conditions make continued use of the subject property for conservation or historic preservation purposes impossible or impractical and the easement is extinguished in a state court proceeding, the holder will receive proceeds and use those proceeds to replace the lost conservation or historic values on behalf of the public.The companion article, which will be published in the Winter 2010 edition of the Real Property, Trust & Estate Law Journal, surveys the over one hundred statutes extant in the fifty states and the District of Columbia that authorize the creation or acquisition of conservation easements. That article explains that such statutes contain widely divergent transfer, modification, and termination provisions that were not, for the most part, crafted with an eye toward complying with federal tax law perpetuity requirements. The author concludes that landowners wishing to take advantage of the federal tax incentives offered for conservation easement donations should be required to draft their easements and otherwise structure their donations to satisfy the perpetuity requirements imposed under federal tax law, and any additional conditions or restrictions on the transfer, modification, or termination of conservation easements imposed under state law should also apply, and should provide an added layer of protection of the public interest and investment in such gifts.
Reducing risky driving: assessing the impacts of an automatically-assigned, targeted web-based instruction program

Abstract Introduction: Transportation safety research has consistently shown driver behavior is the primary cause in the majority of crashes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an automatically-assigned, targeted web-based instruction program to reduce risky driving behavior. Method: This quasi-experiment used a within-subjects, multiple-baseline stepwise ABC design; where “A” was the Phase I baseline, “B” was the Phase II driver awareness of program, and “C” was the Phase III WBI program. Results: A significant reduction in rates of risky driving behaviors coincided with the implementation of the WBI program, even for those drivers who did not receive WBI but were included in the program. More specifically, excessive speeding was significantly reduced by 73.93% from baseline to intervention across all drivers. For those drivers who received WBI, the program coincided with statistically significant reductions in speeding, hard braking, and hard cornering. The first WBI course assigned and completed was the most impactful in reducing at-risk driving behavior. Conclusions: These results show that the automatically-assigned, targeted WBI program was an effective method in reducing risky driving behaviors, not only for those drivers that received training, but for all drivers. The authors hypothesize the reduction in risky driving behaviors was not the result of the WBI, but instead from the implicit feedback of being assigned a training courses, the development of implicit, non-specific goals to reduce risky driving behaviors that result in a WBI course assignment, and the resulting increased driver accountability created by the WBI program. Practical application: Through the use of an automatically-assigned, targeted WBI program, fleets may have fewer crashes and insurance claims. This reduction in crashes and insurance claims may result in lower insurance premiums and may help to prevent injuries and save lives.
Remote Dielectric Sensing (ReDS) for a Safe Discharge in Patients with Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure: Rationale and Design of the ReDS-SAFE HF Study

Summary of Objectives Fluid overload, especially pulmonary congestion, is one of the main contributors into heart failure (HF) readmission risk and it is a clinical challenge for clinicians. The Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) system is a novel electromagnetic energy-based technology that can accurately quantify changes in lung fluid concentration noninvasively. Previous non-randomized studies suggest that ReDS-guided management has the potential to reduce readmissions in HF patients recently discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study is to test whether a ReDS-guided strategy during HF admission is superior to the standard of care during a 1-month follow up. Methods The ReDS-SAFE trial is an investigator-initiated, single center, single blind, 2-arm randomized clinical trial, in which 250 inpatients with acutely decompensate HF will be randomized to a) standard of care strategy, with a discharge scheme based on current clinical practice, or b) ReDS-guided strategy, with a discharge scheme based on specific target value given by the device. All patients will provide signed informed consent and the protocol will be approved by Institutional Review Board of the hospital. This study will be registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Time to the primary endpoint will be evaluated with the use of Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. Endpoints The primary outcome will be a composite of unplanned visit for HF that lead to the use of intravenous diuretics, hospitalization for worsening HF, or death from any cause at 30 days after discharge.
Conservation and divergence of vulnerability and responses to stressors between human and mouse astrocytes

Human-mouse differences are a major barrier in translational research. Astrocytes play important roles in neurological disorders such as stroke, injury, and neurodegeneration. However, the similarities and differences between human and mouse astrocytes are largely unknown. Combining analyses of acutely purified astrocytes, experiments using serum-free cultures of primary astrocytes, and xenografted chimeric mice, we found extensive conservation in astrocytic gene expression between human and mouse. However, genes involved in defense response and metabolism showed species differences. Human astrocytes exhibited greater susceptibility to oxidative stress than mouse astrocytes, due to differences in mitochondria physiology and detoxification pathways. Mouse astrocytes, but not human astrocytes, activate a molecular program for neural repair under hypoxia. Human astrocytes, but not mouse astrocytes, activate the antigen presentation pathway under inflammatory conditions. These species-dependent properties of astrocytes may contribute to differences between mouse models and human neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Benefits of journal-writing for students in the emotional/behavior disorders classroom

This article focuses on exploring how expressive writing can be tied into research-based social skills training to help positively shape social skills in children with Emotional and Behavior Disord...
Acute and short term effects of successful mitral valvuloplasty on net atrio ventricular compliance and its correlation with clinical outcome.

Abstract Aim of the study Patients undergoing successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) have variable improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (FC), exercise capacity (EC) and regression of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP). Improvement in net atrioventricular compliance (Cn), one of the major determinants of above factors is not routinely assessed. Aim of present study was to assess the change in Cn after successful BMV and its correlation with above factors. Methods 50 patients of very severe mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm who underwent successful BMV have been studied. NYHA FC, 6 min walk test (6 MWT) and echocardiographic evaluation was done 24 h before and at 2 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after BMV. Echocardiographic parameters of patients with improvement in NYHA class of ≥2 (group A) were also compared with those with improvement in NYHA class of ≤1 (group B). Results Following successful BMV, there was progressive improvement in Cn upto 12 weeks with no further significant improvement till 24 weeks. Change in Cn showed very good correlation with change in NYHA class [r = 0.62, p Conclusion Improvement in Cn following BMV has good correlation with clinical improvement. So Cn should also be assessed along with MVA to better predict clinical outcome.
The spacetime between Einstein and Kaluza–Klein

In this paper I introduce tensor multinomials, an algebra that is dense in the space of nonlinear smooth differential operators, and use a subalgebra to create an extension of Einstein’s theory of ...
JA:2021-31. Does the Use of a Nasal Lavage Intervention Improve Pulmonary Function for Dairy Workers?

Purpose: Dairy workers are at the frontline of exposure to bioaerosols, which typically contain bacteria and associated pro-inflammatory constituents (e.g., endotoxin). As such, dairy workers are a...
Ex ante and ex post labor supply response to risk in a low-income area

Abstract This paper tests for ex ante and ex post labor supply responses to weather risk for rural Indian farm households. The analysis uses panel data on 2115 households spanning 13 states in rural India, merged with a 22-year series of district-level rainfall data. Ex ante, households facing riskier distributions of rainfall are more likely to participate in the labor market. Ex post, unexpectedly bad weather and low rainfall increase labor force participation.
6.3 A 0.9V Dual-Channel Filtering-by-Aliasing Receiver Front-End Achieving +35dBm IIP 3 and <-81dBm LO Leakage Supporting Intra-and Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation

Programmable receivers have drawn a lot of attention in recent years, especially those exploiting periodically time-varying (PTV) circuits. N-path filters and mixer-first receivers [1– 3] achieve sharp filtering and good linearity but can suffer from high LO leakage (> -70 dBm), which is not compliant with the FCC requirements [4]. In addition, they do not support multi-carrier operation very well [5].
The Admissibility of Criminal Convictions in Subsequent Civil Proceedings

The comment on the rule expressly acknowledges that it goes further than the decisions, and notes that practice in various jurisdictions is diverse. In some cases, the matter has been dealt with by legislation. An example is Section 5 of the Clayton Act which provides that any final judgment in any criminal prosecution brought by or on behalf of the United States in respect of breaches of anti-trust legislation, holding that the defendant has violated those laws, shall be prima facie evidence against such defendant in any suit brought by any other person against him as to all matters respecting which the original judgment would constitute an estoppel as between the parties thereto.1 Apart from the cases where legislation has affected the issue, the decisions range from admissibility with conclusive effect to total inadmissibility. In Eagle Star and British Dominions Insurance Co. v. Heller2 it was held in the case of a person convicted of burning the insured property that the conviction was conclusive proof in an action brought on the policy. The court said that to hold otherwise would "discredit the administration of
Is chest tube insertion with ultrasound guidance safe in patients using clopidogrel

Background and objective: Drainage of the pleural space is a common procedure. The safety of chest tube insertion in patients using clopidogrel has not been investigated. Methods: Ultrasound-guided chest tube insertions performed on 24 patients who were being actively treated with clopidogrel were retrospectively reviewed. Results: No excessive bleeding occurred in any of these patients. Conclusions: Given the known effects of clopidogrel on platelet function, these results were interpreted as indicating that clopidogrel therapy is a relative but not an absolute contraindication to chest tube insertion, if an experienced operator places a small-bore tube under ultrasound guidance.
Are Our Globular Clusters Coeval

As the oldest datable objects in our Galaxy, the globular clusters are the prime fossils from which we can hope to reconstruct a record of how our Galaxy formed. A basic goal is to determine the time interval over which the Galactic halo and disk were formed, since a short time interval (< 1 Gyr) would be consistent with the picture of rapid, ordered collapse proposed by Eggen, Lynden-Bell, and Sandage (1962), whereas a much longer time interval (≫ 1 Gyr) would suggest instead a relatively prolonged and chaotic process of galaxy formation, possibly involving the merging of subsystems (e.g. Searle and Zinn 1978; Tinsley and Larson 1979). In recent years, the availability of high-quality CCD data has stimulated renewed interest in the determination of globular cluster ages, and has allowed at least relative ages to be derived with a new level of precision. Despite controversy over many of the details, agreement is beginning to emerge that some very significant age differences do exist among globular clusters.
Possibility of studying electroweak symmetry breaking at γγ colliders

Abstract The studies of the electroweak symmetry breaking sector (EWSBS) at γγ colliders were considered previously in the loop processes ot γγ → wLwL, but they are suffered from the huge WTWT and ZTZT backgrounds. Here we present another possible process that involves spectator W's and WL's, the latter of which are scattered strongly by the interactions of the EWSBS. We also show that this process should be safe from the transverse backgrounds and it can probe the structure of the EWSBS.
La productividad multifactorial: concepto, medición y significado

En la bibliografia empirica del crecimiento economico suele hacerse referencia a las llamadas “fuentes del crecimiento.” Ello implica la medicion y conceptualizacion de la llamada productividad multifactorial, lo que no constituye una tarea sencilla. En este articulo se exponen algunos de los principales problemas para la medicion de la productividad multifactorial, y se avanza en la discusion de su conceptualizacion con fines de analisis empirico del crecimiento de los paises. Por ultimo, se ofrece un metodo para su medicion basado en numeros indices que busca evitar las principales criticas teoricas que se hacen a los enfoques mas comunes a que estan sujetas este tipo de mediciones.
Accomplishments of the ICEIMT'02

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the activities of this initiative on Enterprise Intra-and Inter-organizational Integration—International Consensus (El3- IC) and especially of its conference the ICEIMT’02. We have extracted the major accomplishments, identified how the discussions have fiirthered our knowledge about enterprise integration, and attempted to show how the infor-mation was parlayed into better knowledge about the topic. In addition to the analysis of the initiative as a whole and of its results, we report results from a plenary discussion, held as the closing session of the conference.
Application of time-frequency distributions to magnetic resonance imaging of non-constant flow

The exponential distribution (ED) developed by H.-I. Choi and W.J. Williams (see IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech, Sig. Proc., ASSP-37, no.6, p.862-71, 1989) is applied to the problem of simultaneous determination of the velocity and spin density of a moving object in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The object velocity is assumed to be an affine function of location (reasonable for selectively imaged thin slice) and is determined from the trajectory of the maxima of the time-frequency distribution. Once the velocity is computed, its effects can be deconvolved from the MRI signal. This improves on previous results which require prior knowledge of either the velocity or discontinuities in the spin density. Numerical examples are presented. >
Engineered deltaguaB-A deltavirG Shigella flexneri 2a strain CVD 1205: construction, safety, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy as a mucosal vaccine.

Shigella flexneri 2a strain CVD 1204, which was constructed by introducing a specific, in-frame deletion mutation in the guaB-A operon, was compared with deltaaroA strain CVD 1201. CVD 1204 was less invasive for HeLa cells than CVD 1201, whereas following invasion, the abilities of the two mutants to proliferate intracellularly were similarly impaired. The reduction in invasiveness was independent of the guanine auxotrophic phenotype and fully recovered when the chromosomal deletion mutation in CVD 1204 was repaired. Following inoculation of the conjunctival sac of guinea pigs (Sereny test) at high doses (10(9) CFU per eye), both strains evoked minimal, short- lived conjunctival inflammation, which was significantly milder with strain CVD 1204. Double mutant deltaguaB-A deltavirG (also called icsA) strain CVD 1205 induced, after a single intranasal dose, high mucosal immunoglobulin A antilipopolysaccharide titers, which were significantly boosted further following a second dose of vaccine given 14 days later. Upon Sereny test challenge with wild-type S. flexneri 2a, CVD 1205-vaccinated animals were significantly protected against keratoconjunctivitis (zero of eight vaccinees versus five of seven controls, P = 0.03; vaccine efficacy, 100%). CVD 1205 is an attractive candidate for human clinical trials.
Measuring attitudes across job levels: When are scale scores truly comparable?

Abstract When studying job attitudes researchers have consistently found positive relations between job satisfaction and organizational level. This finding has led researchers to search for characteristics of jobs that vary across organizational levels in ways that are related to job satisfaction. An alternative explanation is that measurement artifacts account for the observed relations. Item response theory is used here to determine whether the measurement artifact actually exists for the Work and Supervision Satisfaction scales of the Job Descriptive Index. The Supervision Satisfaction scale was found to be free of the measurement artifact. The Work Satisfaction scale, however, had several items that elicited differential patterns of responses across job levels. Interestingly, the measurement nonequivalence functioned to obscure real differences across job levels. Significant interactions with job level were found in regressions of turnover cognitions on both the original Work Satisfaction scale and a revised version of the Work Satisfaction scale. This indicates that real differences do exist in how employees at different job levels respond to dissatisfaction, and these differences are larger than previously measured. The necessity for measurement equivalence of research instruments is discussed along with implications of this Study for future research.
Label-free detection of chemical messenger proteins

Recently, quality factors greater than 100 million were demonstrated using planar arrays of silica microtoroid resonators. These high Q factors allow the toroidal resonators to perform very sensitive detection experiments. By functionalizing the silica surface of the toroid using antibodies, the toroidal resonators become both specific and sensitive detectors. Targeted detection of Interleukin-2, a cytokine which stimulates production of T cells, is demonstrated. Additional cross-reactivity experiments are also performed to verify the sensor's behavior in a more complex environment.
Caudillo and Peasant in the Mexican Revolution

1. Introduction: national politics and the populist tradition D. A. Brading 2. Peasant and caudillo in revolutionary Mexico 1910-17 Alan Knight 3. Pancho Villa, peasant movements and agrarian reform in northern Mexico Friedrich Katz 4. Rancheros of Guerrero: The Figueroa brothers and the revolution Ian Jacobs 5. The relevant tradition: Sonoran leaders in the revolution Hector Aguilar Camin 6. Alvaro Obregon and the agrarian movement 1912-20 Linda B. Hall 7. Saturnine Cedillo: a traditional caudillo in San Luis Potosi 1890-1938 Dudley Ankerson 8. Revolutionary caudillos in the 1920s: Francisco Mugica and Adalberto Tejeda Heather Fowler Salamini 9. Caciquismo and the revolution: Carrillo Puerto in Yucatan Gilbert M. Joseph 10. State governors and peasant mobilisation in Tlaxcala Raymond Buve 11. Conclusion: peasant mobilisation and the revolution Hans Werner Yowler.
New electromigration validation: Via Node Vector Method

Electromigration (EM) is a traditional reliability concern, aggravated recently due to intense shrinking of wire sizes and the increase in the number of interconnections on a system-on-chip (SoC). Thereby, it challenges the state-of-the-art in design, physics, process and CAD processes. To that regard, we propose a new EM check method named Via Node Vector method. The conventional EM check ignores the lead EM interaction in circuits and only checks the local current densities. The new method addresses the EM interactions and checks the EM reliability at the lead connection sites (called via node). It converts the electrical current density of each lead into an effective current density for the EM interaction consideration. For this, we introduce three new factors: length (FL), width (FW), and interaction (FB). The effective current density divergence at a via node is derived as an addition of the effective current densities of all the interacting leads, which is a close proxy to represent the physical atomic flux divergence at the via node. This divergence at a via node can then be readily compared with the technology EM spec. The proposed method is successfully applied to 28nm node IPs and shows up to ∼4X higher safe operating frequency than the conventional method allows. Additionally, it successfully identifies risky sites missed by conventional check. The Via Node Vector Method will provide higher performance with reliability in designing advanced digital and analog circuits.
Nonlinear effects in quasielastic neutron scattering: Exact line-shape calculation for a dimer

An exact solution of a discrete nonlinear Schroumldinger equation, obtained recently for the site occupation probabilities in a two-site system such as a molecular dimer, has shown that the probabilities evolve in the form of Jacobian elliptic functions and exhibit a self-trapping transition. On the basis of that solution, we examine the effect of nonlinearities on the quasielastic scattering function in a dimer. The calculation is appropriate to the scattering of probe particles such as neutrons off moving quasiparticles which interact with lattice vibrations strongly enough to produce nonlinear effects while moving in the lattice. A well-known example is provided by hydrogen atoms diffusing among sites around impurities, e.g., oxygen, in metals such as niobium. Our calculation results in explicit expressions for the scattering spectrum. They exhibit the phenomenon of motional narrowing even in the absence of true damping. Comparison of the results for the undamped nonlinear dimer and the damped linear dimer uncover striking similarities as well as differences.
Unsaturated fatty acid-dependent oxidation of epinephrine in homogenates of the gorgonian, Pseudoplexaura porosa

A novel epinephrine oxidation system in homogenates of the gorgonian Pseudoplexaura porosa was discovered. The enzymatic reaction required an unsaturated fatty acid and molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. Diphenylisobenzofuran was also oxidized by Ps. porosa homogenates in the presence of an unsaturated fatty acid. Hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion did not appear to be involved in either of these oxidative reactions. The production of lipid hydroperoxides was not necessary for epinephrine oxidation and, with the exception of arachidonic acid, lipid hydroperoxide production did not occur. Evidence is presented for the involvement of singlet oxygen or a similar activated oxygen intermediate in the reactions, and a possible mechanism was proposed. The use of arachidonate-dependent epinephrine oxidation as a measure of prostaglandin synthetase activity is criticized.
Bouyancy Effects on Forced Convection Along a Vertical Cylinder

The effects of buoyancy forces on the longitudinal forced convective flow and heat transfer along an isothermal vertical cylinder are studied analytically. This problem does not admit similarity solutions, the nonsimilarity arising both from the transverse curvature ξ = (4/r0 ) (νx/u∞)1/2 of the cylindrical surface and from the buoyancy effect expressible as Ω = Grx /Rex2 where Grx and Rex are, respectively, the Grashof and Reynolds numbers. The governing equations are solved by the local nonsimilarity method in which all the nonsimilar terms are retained in the conservation equations and only in the derived subsidiary equations are terms selectively neglected according to the two-equation or three-equation model. Numerical results for the velocity and temperature profiles, wall shear stress, and surface heat transfer for the case of assisting flow are presented for gases having a Prandtl number of 0.7 over a wide range of values of ξ from 0 (i.e., a flat plate) to 4.0 and Ω from 0 (i.e., pure forced convection) to 2.0. It is found that the wall shear and surface heat transfer rate increase with increasing buoyancy force and increasing curvature of the surface.
Determination of anthraquinone in pulping liquors by using C18 cartridges and high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A rapid procedure was developed for determining anthraquinone in liquors from pulping investigations employing anthraquinone as a catalyst. C 18 Sep-Pak cartridges were used to extract the organic compounds from the liquors; then the anthraquinone and other organic compounds were eluted from the cartridge with methanol which was analyzed for anthraquinone by high-performance liquid chromatography. More than 200 black liquors, bleach solutions, filtrates, and other pulping liquors have been analyzed. From 0.5 to 170 ppm anthraquinone in black liquors was determined with a standard deviation of 0.54. Pulp filtrates having 0.04—0.75 ppm anthraquinone were analyzed by concentrating the anthraquinone either four-fold or tenfold through adjustment of the ratio of sample volume to eluent volume.
Reduction of Stachyose in Legume Flours by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Pinto bean and fiend pea flours were inoculated with different populations of Lactobacillus fermentum or Lactobacillus plantarum, adjusted with water to 20% moisture and incubated. Amount of stachyose and number of lactobacilli were determined after 24, 48 and 72 hr. After 72 hr incubation stachyose was reduced in ointo bean (bv 27%) and field pea (43%) flours. Duration of incubation was the only factor which influenced stachyose reduction. Amount of inoculum and type of bacteria were of minor importance. Number of bacteria decreased significantly during incubation.
Do U.S. State Laws Affect per Capita Wine Purchases

Since Prohibition ended, states have adopted laws in several domains pertaining to the production, distribution, marketing, and sale of alcoholic beverages. These include distribution franchise laws that address the rights afforded to distributors relating to managing the supply chain, and beverage control laws, which provide some states with a monopoly over the wholesaling or retailing of alcoholic beverages. In this article, we focus on the effects of these state-by-state regulations on wine sales, and also consider wine-specific laws that allow or regulate wine tasting or apply to discounting and promoting wine sales through rebates or coupons. Anecdotal evidence suggests that prohibitive regulatory legislation may reduce wine sales. Thus, we tested for differences in per capita wine purchases in 2007 and 2008, as well as for differences in statewide sales of domestic and imported wine. Results indicate that statistically significant differences are associated only with wine-tasting legislation; states...
The developmental gap in phenomenal experience: a comment on J. G. Taylor's "cortical activity and the explanatory gap".

J. G. Taylor advances an empirically testable local neural network model to understand the neural correlates of phenomenal experience. Taylor's model is better able to explain the presence (i.e., persistence, latency, and seamlessness) and unity of phenomenal consciousness which support the idea that consciousness is coherent, undivided, and centered. However, Taylor fails to offer a satisfactory explanation of the nonlinear relationship between local and global neural systems. In addition, the ontological assumptions that PE is immediate, intrinsic, and incorrigible limit an understanding of the different experiential forms consciousness takes during neurobehavioral development. Recent studies suggest that neurobehavioral development is discontinuous and that judgment emerges under conditions of uncertainty to render feeling and perception in equivalent terms of energy and behavior. Approaching the problem of phenomenal experience from a developmental perspective may help resolve the paradox of feeling infinitely close as well as distant from one's self.
Influence of phosphate and hydroxyl ions on aluminum toxicity in soybeans and wheat

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity to plants in complete nutrient solutions is difficult to relate to Al activity in solution because of precipitation and complexation. Aluminum toxicity was studied for two seedling crops, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell), at low levels (≤10 μM) in two incomplete nutrient solutions to study plant response to Al alone, Al+PO4 3‐, Al+OH‐, and Al+PO4 3‐+OH‐. Relative root length was the bioassay for Al toxicity. ‘Monomeric’ Al was measured using Aluminon and both root length and measured Al were compared to the theoretical Al in solution predicted by the MINTEQA2 equilibrium model. Low levels of Al were toxic to plant roots with sorghum showing a decrease in relative root length from 1 to 10 μM Al, and wheat showing a decrease from 4 to 10 μM. A mono‐salt background solution (400 μM CaCl2) and a more complex base solution (CaCl2, KNO3, and MgCl2) gave similar root lengths and measured Al values. Phosphate and hydroxyl ameliorated Al ...
Feasibility Study on Building-Derived Concrete Debris for Use in Highway Construction

The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials standard on crushed concrete in base applications (M 319-02) allows up to 5 % brick by mass, and more with the approval of the engineer; however, in some regions the brick content may be greater than 10 %. More than 41 states allow the use of crushed concrete in highway applications, but only a handful allow the use of building derived concrete (BDC) or mixed stream crushed concrete. Barriers to increasing the appropriate use of BDC in highway applications include a lack of data comparing BDC properties and performance to natural aggregates, as well as data that pavement engineers can use for design. This research has focused on characterizing BDC that was screened to meet New Hampshire Department of Transportation specifications. The gradation, optimum water content, unit weight, and resilient modulus were measured for the BDC and for the control materials, which were a crushed stone and a sand. The resilient modulus was measured using both a laboratory triaxial cell, and a light falling weight deflectometer (LWD) in a test pit. The resilient modulus of the BDC exceeded that of the control materials as measured in the laboratory and using the LWD. In addition, the laboratory resilient modulus showed good correlation with the LWD stiffness. These results suggest that BDC would perform as well as natural aggregates in base course applications.
Fast measurements with a slow detector: photoacoustic investigations of "steam" laser cleaning

The dynamics of explosive boiling of a 2-propanol layer of variable thickness on a Si substrate heated by a nanosecond KrF excimer laser was studied using a contact photoacoustic technique. The transition from acoustic generation at a free Si boundary to that at a rigid alcohol/Si boundary accompanied by a sharp increase of acoustic generation efficiency was found above a laser fluence threshold of 0.17 J/cm 2 and a liquid layer thickness greater than 0.25 μm due to subnanosecond near-critical explosive boiling of the superheated liquid layer near the hot absorbing Si substrate. The gradual increase of the photoacoustic response of the superheated alcohol with increasing thickness of the liquid film at fluences above the explosive boiling threshold was attributed to the fluence- and time-dependent increase of the area undergoing explosive boiling.
An immunologic study of experimental silicosis.

Abstract Experimental silicosis was produced by injecting guinea pigs intratracheally with silica suspensions. Pathological changes consistent with silicosis were noted at autopsy nine months after injection. Many serological tests such as precipitation, passive hemagglutination, complement fixation, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were performed on sera from these animals, but none was successful in demonstrating tissue-reactive autoantibodies. It was found that the use of latex particles sensitized with crude lung extracts could not be used to demonstrate tissue-reactive antibodies. It was shown that such particles actually detect rheumatoid factor like antibodies (antiglobulin antibodies). A modification of the antiglobulin consumption test employing lung connective tissue as antigen was developed and made available to study the tissue antibodies in guinea pigs. This modification was quite sensitive in the detection of lung-reactive antibodies in the experimental animals. The development of this serological technique should permit immunological studies of an experimental model of silicosis to be conducted more easily and under more controlled conditions in the future.
Teaching nuclear holocaust, the basic thanatological topic

Abstract The writer urges that nuclear weapons and nuclear war issues be taught at all levels by instructors of all specialties. As nuclear holocaust threatens to end human civilization if not human existence itself, no topic is more worthy of study in these days. Because the subject is multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, every teacher has a stake in it. Because the subject is central to the human enterprise itself, every teacher has the responsibility to empower students to bring about necessary change.
Transposition and transfer of absolute responding as functions of learning-set training and stimulus similarity ☆

Abstract A study of transposition and transfer of responding in the intermediate size problem was done in 108 grade-school children, with training and stimulus similarity as independent variables. Some S s were pretrained to respond either to the relational stimulus (the middle-sized stimulus) or to the absolute (always the same) stimulus, while others served as nontrained controls. Pretraining was given under learning-set procedures. The type of pretraining interacted with stimulus similarity to determine ease of learning the transfer task. Transfer performance was significantly affected by the training conditions, with the differential effect being more pronounced under the distinctive-stimulus pretraining condition.
COMPARISON OF OPERANT-RATE AND PAIRED-COMPARISON METHODS OF MEASURING REINFORCER PREFERENCES IN MONKEYS

Five rhesus monkeys were tested under two methods of meassuring reinforcer preference, one a paired-comparison and the other an operant-rate technique. Most animals failed to learn the discriminations necessary for paired-comparisons but showed significant and reliable differences in preference for the commodities evaluated by the operant-rate technique. It was concluded that either method, when appropriately designed, may yield useful results.
Link Analysis of Commercial and Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS) Satellites Using DVB-S2 with Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM)

A link analysis was performed of the digital video broadcast-satellite (DVB-S) second generation waveform (DVB-S2) using a commercial (Ku band) and the wideband gapfiller satellite (WGS) satellite at X-band and Ka-band. The analysis is for the CENTCOM VSAT network (also known as the global war on terrorism [GWOT] network) that uses the EUTELSAT W6 satellite (21.5deg east) and supports both forward (DVB-S) and return traffic [DVB-return channel by satellite (RCS)] traffic in the same 72 MHz transponder. The forward traffic consists of nominal DVB-S broadcasts to receive-only terminals (1 m) as well as duplex 1.8 m and 2.4 m terminals. The return traffic consists of constant-rate, tactical, video feeds (from the 2.4m terminals) along with SIPRNET Internet protocol (IP) interactive traffic (from the 1.8 m terminals). The hub is located at Landstuhl, Germany. The paper considers 3 cases. First, the capacity of the Eutelsat W6 transponder is computed for the forward and return traffic sharing the same transponder. Next, the capacity is computed for DVB-S2 using constant coding and modulation (CCM) and variable coding and modulation (VCM) over the baseline GWOT network. Finally, the system capacity is computed using WGS (at 60deg east) again using DVB-S2 with CCM and VCM and DVB-RCS
Militão and the Guerreiros: Local Feuds, Long Memories, and Brazil's Struggle to Control the São Francisco River

Between 1842 and 1848, a violent conflict erupted on the banks of the Sao Francisco River in nordieastern Brazil. Militao Placido de Franca Antunes and his faction declared war on the family of Captain Bernardo Jose Guerreiro. Both families were based in the river town of Pilao Arcado, but the fighting spread to the nearby town of Sento-Se, and by 1848 violence had engulfed the entire region from Barra to Juazeiro (see Figures 1 and 2). Bands of armed men loyal to Militao roamed the streets and attacked the households of people they considered to be on the side of the Guerreiros. Many people were killed, and others fled the region altogether. The violence ended only after Militao's faction killed Guerreiro's last adult son on August 1, 1848. Although a family feud in the backlands was not unusual, this fight resonated with coastal lawmakers who, in Brazil's Second Empire, had been looking toward conquering the west and consolidating their own vast territory. The reports of wrenching violence in the backlands, unchecked by the rule of law, represented the deepest fears of the coastal elite and made the need to conquer the Brazilian interior even more urgent.
Diffractive-optical-element-based photopolarimeter

We present a novel photopolarimeter capable of compete measurement of the state of polarization of light, as determined by the four Stokes parameters. This photopolarimeter uses a diffractive-optical-element as a beam splitter to divide the incident beam into four or more components. It uses no movable parts or modulation and thus fast and simultaneous measurements of the four Stokes parameters are obtained. The instrument matrix of this element photopolarimeter is compact, lightweight, and rugged, hence, it can be easily integrated for number of applications.