cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Efficacy Theory as a Basis for Career Assessment

This article reviews the basic postulates of self-efficacy theory and describes its applications to the study of career choice and development. Following a discussion of issues involved in the measurement of perceived self-efficacy with respect to domains of career behavior, measurement of and research on occupational self-efficacy, mathematics self-efficacy, self-efficacy with respect to basic domains of activity, and career decision self-efficacy are reviewed. The relationship of self-efficacy to vocational interests and the particular relevance of the theory to the career development of women and members of racial/ethnic minority groups are also discussed.
Universal Precautions Training of Preclinical Students: Impact on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Compliance

Abstract Background. Little information exists regarding the impact of universal precautions training programs on preclinical students′ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Methods. We developed, implemented, and assessed an educational program in universal precautions for and year medical and preclinical physician assistant students. Students (n = 170) completed pre- and posttraining questionnaires to assess universal precautions knowledge and to evaluate attitudes about their perceived risk for bloodborne pathogen infection, the importance of universal precautions procedures, and their willingness to provide care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Phlebotomy, intravenous catheter insertion, and arterial blood gas sampling techniques were demonstrated, practiced, and evaluated during practical training sessions. Outcome measures included changes in pre- and posttraining knowledge scores and attitudes, as well as observed compliance with universal precautions during practical training. Results. Universal precautions knowledge scores increased significantly after training (P
110 km 256-QAM digital microwave over fiber link

A 110 km digital microwave fiber-optic link has been designed and demonstrated with 256 QAM at 20 GHz. The design approach, involving the management of loss, dispersion, and Brillouin threshold throughout the link is discussed.
Autophagy as a Regulated Pathway of Cellular Degradation

Macroautophagy is a dynamic process involving the rearrangement of subcellular membranes to sequester cytoplasm and organelles for delivery to the lysosome or vacuole where the sequestered cargo is degraded and recycled. This process takes place in all eukaryotic cells. It is highly regulated through the action of various kinases, phosphatases, and guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). The core protein machinery that is necessary to drive formation and consumption of intermediates in the macroautophagy pathway includes a ubiquitin-like protein conjugation system and a protein complex that directs membrane docking and fusion at the lysosome or vacuole. Macroautophagy plays an important role in developmental processes, human disease, and cellular response to nutrient deprivation.
Skin Friction Reduction by Injection Through Combinations of Slots and Porous Sections

TT'LUID injection for thermal protection and skin -F friction reduction on flight vehicles has received considerably study. Energy conservation has now elevated the importance of skin friction reduction. The information available for supersonic speeds is limited, but it indicates drag reductions large enough to be interesting from a systems viewpoint. The competing configurations are the porous wall and the tangential slot, but there have been few studies when a direct comparison of the two schemes was made at the same nominal conditions. Further, combinations of the two schemes might be expected to be beneficial as a result of synergistic interactions. This report presents the results of a comparative study of slot injection, porous wall injection through a short strip and combinations of the two at freestream conditions of Mach 2.9, stagnation pressure of 6.9 N/m (100 psia) and total temperature of 290K. A "flat plate," solid wall configuration was also studied as a reference point. The principal data obtained were: 1) schlieren photographs; 2) wall pressure; 3) Mach number profiles; and 4) wall shear measured with a floating element balance. Wall shear was also inferred from Preston Tube measurements.
Uncertainty Aversion with Second-Order Utilities and Probabilities

Subjective expected utility theory does not distinguish between attitudes toward uncertainty (ambiguous probabilities) and attitudes toward risk (unambiguous probabilities). Both are explained in terms of nonlinear utility for money rather than properties of events per se, hence, the decision maker displays the same attitude toward all sources of risk and uncertainty. There is ample evidence that real decision makers do not always behave (or even wish to behave) in this way, and instead they often distinguish between risk and uncertainty, as in Ellsbergs (1961) paradox. This paper presents a simple axiomatic model of nonneutral attitudes toward uncertainty and a behavioral test for uncertainty aversion that is applicable even if utility is state dependent. The decision maker may display different degrees of aversion toward gambles on different kinds of events, e.g., being systematically more averse toward gambles on events whose probabilities are more ambiguous. For such a decision maker, the elicitation of preferences among objective gambles may not yield the correct measure of risk aversion for modeling real-world decisions.
Technology development for the accelerator production of tritium

The Engineering Development and Demonstration (ED&D) program for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project provides critical data necessary for a plant built on schedule and within budget. The ED&D program is based on prioritized design data needs, and is driven by a formal systems-engineering approach. This paper describes the current role of the project for the U.S. Defense program, the ED&D process, the functional areas where ED&D activities are underway, key ED&D activities, and how the technical data from the ED&D program are used.
Emulsion copolymerization ofD,L-lactide and glycolide in supercritical carbon dioxide

Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized via an emulsion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ). Copolymers of lactide and glycolide were synthesized in SC-CO 2 with stannous octoate as the ring-opening catalyst and a fluorocarbon polymer surfactant as an emulsifying agent. The conversion of lactide and glycolide was monitored with respect to the reaction time and temperature with 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The conversion of glycolide surpassed 99% within 72 h for an SC-CO 2 phase maintained at 200 bar and 70 °C. Under the same conditions, lactide conversion reached 65% after 72 h of polymerization. Unpolymerized monomer was removed after the reaction by extraction with an SC-CO 2 mobile phase. The molecular weights of all the copolymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography. Weight-average molecular weights (M w ) ranged between 2500 and 30,200 g/mol and polydispersity indices ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 for polymerization times of 6 and 48 h, respectively. Although the molecular weight increased significantly during the first 48 h of reaction, there was no significant difference in the M w for polymerization times of 48 and 72 h. Emulsion polymerization within the benign solvent SC-CO 2 demonstrated improved conversion and molecular weight versus polymers synthesized without surfactant. The emulsion polymerization of lactide and glycolide copolymers in SC-CO 2 is proposed as a novel production technique for high-purity, biodegradable lvmers.
Introducing an active cluster‐based information retrieval paradigm

When a client interacts with an expert, e.g., a doctor, it falls upon the expert to ask questions that steer the process towards fulfilling the client's needs. This is most efficient given that the expert has more knowledge and a broader view of possible illnesses and treatments. On the other hand, when faced with an information retrieval (IR) task, most IR systems leave to the client the task of coming up with queries. We propose an information retrieval framework that assumes the responsibility of leading the users to the information, thus increasing efficiency and satisfaction.
Multiwavelength distribution networks

We propose a graph model for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) multicast/broadcast switching networks. The graph model, called [w, f]-distributor, turns out to be a generalized version of the graph model for classical circuit switching theory, which includes important classes of graphs, such as the distributors (also called generalized connectors). We then give lower bounds for [w, f]-distributors and [w, f]-distributors of a fixed depth. Many of the results generalize corresponding results from circuit switching. We also show that, under two prominent request models, strictly nonblocking [w, f]-distributors are equivalent.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists and calcium channel blocking agents: A review of potential benefits and possible adverse reactions

A review of recent studies suggests that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be preferred (usually along with a diuretic drug) as initial therapy in several subsets of hypertensive patients (i.e., those with diabetes and nephropathy or with diminished left ventricular function with or without symptoms of heart failure). Limited long-term data are available for the angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The use of nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agents (CCBs) appears to reduce reinfarction in patients with ischemic heart disease (however, mortality is not reduced). Long-acting formulas of CCBs appear to decrease congestive heart failure in patients with dilated, but not ischemic, cardiomyopathy and to decrease strokes and arrhythmias in hypertensive subjects. Short-acting agents (primarily those that increase heart rate) may increase coronary heart disease events in hypertensive patients. There is little evidence at present that CCBs offer a major advantage over other antihypertensive agents or that they should be recommended as initial therapy, except in special situations.
Aberration measurement of photolithographic lenses by use of hybrid diffractive photomasks

In optical lithography the degradation of image quality due to aberrations present in the exposure tool is a serious problem. Therefore it is desirable to establish a reliable aberration measurement procedure based on the analysis of printed images in the photoresist. We present what is to our knowledge a new method for characterizing the aberrations of an exposure tool using a hybrid diffractive photomask. By utilizing each different impact on the aberrated image from each diffracted illumination, we were able to extract the aberration present in the stepper system. We experimentally verified this method with a G-line stepper and verified its spherical aberration astigmatism.
Evolution of a Test Item

This article follows the development of test items (see Language Assessment Quarterly, Volume 3 Issue 1, pp. 71–79 for the article “Test and Item Specifications Development”), beginning with a review of test and item specifications, then proceeding to writing and editing of items, pretesting and analysis, and finally selection of an item for a live test. The article focuses on selected response types of items, with some attention given to short response types.
Christian Ethics In Jewish Terms: A Response to David Novak

While appreciating the illuminating qualities of Novak's account of natural law, Hauerwas also regards it as problematic precisely because of the unhealthy tension that remains between Novak's claim regarding the inseparability of theology and ethics, on the one hand, and his contention that the Noachian laws may ‘be taken to be a universal requirement’of human reason, on the other. Hauerwas' central reservation is that Novak's account is the danger of abstracting from the law's sanctifying intent; i.e., its purpose to form a holy people. A consequence for Jewish-Christian dialogue, then, is a misplaced concentration on the role of the law in these respective traditions rather than different understandings of sanctification between (and within) these respective traditions.
Inconsistency of Modeled and Observed Tropical Temperature Trends

Consistency or lack thereof between observed temperature trends and those predicted by Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are a contentious though important issue. The lack of consistency between observed and modeled temperature trends has frequently been used to argue against a significant human contribution to global warming - and vice versa. We present here additional and independent evidence that there is no agreement between observed and modeled warming trends in the tropical troposphere during the last two decades of the 20th century. This finding is shown to put constraints on surface trend and Climate Sensitivity, limiting them to values close to zero.
The Impact of Mindfulness on Empathy, Active Listening, and Perceived Provisions of Emotional Support

Mindfulness has emerged as an important factor that assists people in regulating difficult emotions, but it is not yet known whether mindfulness plays a role in supportive communication. The current study examines whether mindfulness facets (describing, observing, nonjudging, aware acting, nonreacting) positively influence self-reported abilities to (a) discern more and less person-centered (PC) supportive messages and (b) facilitate reappraisals via two core cognitive factors, namely, empathy and active listening. College students with little or no meditation experience (N = 183) completed an online survey. Mediation analyses showed that empathy and active listening partially mediated the relationship between two mindfulness facets (describing, observing) and the two perceptual outcome measures (PC message discriminations, facilitating reappraisals) by accounting for 33% and 62% of the variance. Additional structural equation modeling suggested that mindful observing and describing positively predicted e...
Analysis of the Stability and Control Characteristics of the F/A-18E Super Hornet using the Kestrel CFD Flow Solver

The goal of this project is to evaluate the ability of the Kestrel flow solver to analyze the stability and control characteristics of the F/A-18E Super Hornet. The Kestrel flow solver is currently in development and real applications are being used to assess the accuracy of the code and find areas where improvements must be made. The F/A-18E is one of the most challenging Navy aircraft to model and significant amounts of data are available to assess the accuracy of the results. For this study, a variety of configurations and flow conditions were analyzed. Specifically, Kestrel was used to analyze: the longitudinal stability and control characteristics at low-speed and high angle of attack for configurations with full and neutral nose-down control; the longitudinal and lateral/directional stability and control characteristics at transonic speeds; transonic roll damping; the longitudinal stability and control characteristics at Mach 0.6 at 30,000 ft; and the stability and control characteristics of the aircraft doing a constant-g wind-up turn maneuver. To assess the accuracy of the calculations, most of the results were compared to wind-tunnel data, data from a flight database, or known trends of the data. In most cases, the correlation between Kestrel and the truth data is extremely good.
Caffeine's Attenuation of Cocaine-Induced Dopamine Release by Inhibition of Adenosine.

Background: It is well known that the reinforcing properties of cocaine addiction are caused by the sharp increase of dopamine (DA) in the reward areas of the brain. However, other mechanisms have been speculated to contribute to the increase. Adenosine is one system that is associated with the sleep-wake cycle and is most important in regulating neuronal activity. Thus, more and more evidence is pointing to its involvement in regulating DA release. The current study set out to examine the role of adenosine in cocaine-induced DA release. Methods: Increasing doses of cocaine, caffeine, and their combination, as well as, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT), an adenosine A1 antagonist (alone and in combination with cocaine) were used to denote a response curve. A novel biosensor, the BRODERICK PROBE® was implanted in the nucleus accumbens to image the drug-induced surge of DA release in vivo, in the freely moving animal in real time. Results: Combinations of cocaine and caffeine were observed to block the increa...
Molecular characterization of bacteria inhabiting a water distribution system simulator.

The objective of this study was to monitor the impact of chlorination and chloramination treatments on heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) inhabiting a water distribution system simulator. HB densities decreased while AOB densities increased when chloramine was added. AOB densities decreased below detection limits after the disinfection treatment was switched back to chlorination. The presence of AOB was confirmed using a group-specific 16S rDNA-PCR method. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that most bacterial isolates from feed water, discharge water, and biofilm samples were α-Proteobacteria or β-Proteobacteria. The latter bacterial groups were also numerically dominant among the sequences recovered from water and biofilm 16S rDNA clone libraries. The relative frequency of each culturable bacterial group was different for each sample examined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of total community 16S rDNA genes showed notable differences between the microbial community structure of biofilm samples and feed water. The results of this study suggest that disinfection treatments could influence the type of bacterial community inhabiting water distribution systems.
A New Look at the Critically Ill

“The physician is at a serious disadvantage if he must rely on conventional means of instituting therapy” for the critically ill. What are the alternatives? This article, based on experience in a unique shock research unit, suggests the major role that can be played by the computer and other automatic equipment in enhancing the physician's capacity to save lives that are now being lost.
When should angiography follow myocardial infarction

Both emergency and elective angiography are discussed, with emphasis on their association with the closely linked interventions intravenous thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Exercise testing in occupational lung diseases

SUMMARY Exercise testing may demonstrate mild physiologic abnormalities in individuals with occupational lung disease. Surveillance of workers with exercise testing can thus provide epidemiologic and physiologic insight about lung diseases due to inhaled agents. A more practical concern to the clinician is when to use exercise testing in the assessment of individual patients for disability evaluation. Although resting pulmonary function data (FVC, FEV1; DLCO, arterial blood gases, and so forth) are of value in initial screening, the physician assessing functional impairment should be aware of the limitations of using only resting lung function data. Information obtained at rest is useful if lung function is normal, making job disability due to pulmonary disease unlikely, or if it is extremely impaired, making job disability almost inevitable. However, between these extremes, exercise testing can help assess working capacity. In most occupational medicine situations, simple and noninvasive protocols of exercise testing to symptom-limited “maximum” work can answer the pertinent questions: (1) What is the maximum aerobic power and (2) is aerobic power limited by pulmonary disease or other factors? However, the V ˙ o 2 max measured under short-term laboratory conditions bears a complex relationship to an individual’s ability to meet energy demands of a specific occupation. “Impairment,” or lack of it, on a treadmill or ergometer may not translate easily into job “disability.” It is the latter difficulty that has led to some differing emphasis on the value of short-term exercise data in the determination of “disability” for sustained work. The development of respiratory muscle fatigue or breathlessness in the presence of sustained ventilatory work and impaired mechanical properties of the lung is not well studied. Further research into this area may help determine the relationship between short-term and sustained work capacity in patients with occupational lung disease. Until more is known, resting lung function measurement and exercise testing using the impairment guidelines of the ATS1 and CTS66 may be the approach to evaluate occupational impairment.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Followed by Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation.

ObjectiveThe optimal treatment strategy in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains controversial. A staged approach of percutaneous coronary interventi...
Evaluation on the effect of immunization and safety of live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in China

Objective To evaluate the safety of both domestic live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis A vaccines,and to provide reference for emergent vaccination after hepatitis A outbreaks.Methods 493 children aged 6-9 with negative antibody to HAV (produced by Abbott) were randomly divided into four groups as vaccinated with domestic live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (Group A),domestic inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Group B),imported inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Group C) and hepatitis B vaccine (Group D) respectively.Adverse events following the immunization were observed 30 minutes,24,48 and 72 hours after the vaccination,under doubleblind method.Results The main AEFIs were:fever,local pain and scleroma but no other severe AEFIs were obvserved.The rates of AEFIs were 13.95％ in Group A,15.25％ in group B,16.80％ in group C and 25.62％ in group D,with no statistical differences between these groups (x2=6.953,P＞0.05).2 weeks after the vaccination,the positive conversion rates of domestic live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and domestic inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were 85.00％ and 94.59％ respectively.The rate of domestic inactivated hepatitis A vaccine reached 100％ at 4 weeks after the vaccination.The antibody levels of HAV-IgG of Group A and B in 2,4 and 12 weeks of vaccination and of Group C were higher than that of Group D.After 12 weeks of vaccination,the antibody level of group B became higher than it was Group C.Conclusion There were no differences on safety among domestic live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine,domestic inactivated hepatitis A vaccine or imported inactivated hepatitis A vaccine under routine or emergency vaccination.All the vaccines showed satisfactory effects. Key words: Hepatitis A vaccine; Safety; Immunogenicity
P136 – 2961: A review of a paediatric cases of multiple sclerosis in an Irish tertiary referral centre

To examine a cohort of paediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in an Irish tertiary paediatric neurology referral centre with emphasis on presentation, investigations and management, comparing to other described cohorts. Methods Patients were identified through department records, with chart review performed to obtain clinical details. Laboratory and radiological information was reviewed. Results Nine patients presented to the department over a 6 year period (3.5–15 yo). Female to male ratio was 2:1 with all patients of western European ethnicity. They presented 77% with brainstem syndromes, including visual problems (55%), sensory disturbance (44%), dizziness or ataxia (22%), reduced power or a cranial nerve palsy in 11%. Headache was a co-existing feature in 66%. One patient had no defining event but rather incidental findings on an MRI Brain. Family history was significant for MS (22%) and autoimmune condition (22%). Initial MRI brain shower cerebellar demyelinating lesions in 77% and spinal lesions in 55%. Oligoclonal bands were checked in all patients and positive in 66% with NMO antibodies checked in 66% which were negative. Clinical relapses occurred in 66% with a mean time to relapse 11 months. Steroids were commenced in 77% of patients in acute phase, with one patient commencing interferon beta 1a started directly from steroids due to ongoing symptoms. As maintenance treatment, interferon-beta-1a was started in all patients who relapsed or had deterioration in follow up imaging, with 2 progressing to fingolimod due to failed treatment. Two patients required no treatment due to either no symptoms or relapses. Conclusion Our patient study reflected previous described patient cohorts especially in their presentations, investigations and relapsing-remitting course [1,2]. Our female to male ratio was lower than previously described [1]. We also had high rates of positive family history of both autoimmune disease and Multiple sclerosis. Treatment for these patients followed international guidelines [3].
Faculty Rights to Courses and Digital Courseware

Ownership of traditional courseware is vested in the faculty. In the digital forum, however, under the Copyright Act of 1976, case law, and institutional policy ownership maybe vested in the institution.
Using tele-emergency to avoid patient transfers in rural emergency departments: An assessment of costs and benefits.

IntroductionTele-emergency can address several challenges facing emergency departments in rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to (a) examine the rates of avoided transfers in rural emergency departments that adopted tele-emergency applications; and (b) estimate the costs and benefits of using tele-emergency to avoid transfers.MethodsAnalysis is based on 9048 tele-emergency encounters generated by the Avera eEmergency programme (Sioux Falls, South Dakota) in 85 rural hospitals across seven states between October 2009–February 2014. For each non-transfer patient, physicians indicated whether the transfer was avoided because of tele-emergency activation. The cost-benefit analysis is conducted from the hospital, patient and societal perspectives, and includes technology costs, local hospital revenues and patient-associated savings. All monetary values are expressed in US$. Sensitivity analysis is conducted by examining the worst and best case scenarios of costs, revenues and savings.ResultsIn these anal...
Coronary CT angiography in the emergency department utilizing second and third generation dual source CT

Abstract Background Coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) allows efficient triage of low to intermediate risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency department (ED). Techniques for coronary CTA acquisition in the ED continue to evolve with the establishment of standardized scan protocols and the introduction of newer generations of CT hardware. Objectives To evaluate qualitative and quantitative image quality and radiation dose exposure of coronary CTA acquired on 2nd versus 3rd generation dual source CT (DSCT) scanners using a standardized institutional scan protocol designed for the ED. Methods A retrospective observational case-control study was performed of 246 ED patients referred to coronary CTA with suspicion of ACS (56.5% male; mean age 53.3 ± 11.6 years) between October 2013 and August 2015.123 consecutive patients were scanned on 3rd generation DSCT, and a cohort of 123 patients matched by age, BMI and heart rate were identified who had undergone 2nd generation DSCT imaging utilizing the same standard clinical protocol. Qualitative and quantitative image quality parameters and radiation exposures were evaluated. Results Qualitative image quality was significantly higher using 3rd generation DSCT as compared to 2nd generation (p Conclusion Qualitative image quality and mean CT attenuation values of the assessed coronary segments were significantly higher using 3rd generation DSCT. SNR and CNR were lower on 3rd generation DSCT, however this was accompanied by a trend toward lower radiation dose exposure when using the same standard institutional protocol.
“… Che i matti dicano spropositi”: A Discussion of Cometary Theory and Superstition in Seventeenth Century Italy

Cometary theory had remained predominantly rooted in Aristotelianism until late in the seventeenth century. Yet concurrent with the expansion of astronomical understanding there persisted a steadfast vein of astrological superstition. While the newly emerging field of experimental natural philosophy successfully discredited many traditional principles, a notable discord still existed within the academic community regards cometary superstition and prognostication. The Neapolitan mathematician, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, sought to rectify past misconceptions regarding the nature of comets. And literary figures Carlo de’ Dottori and Ciro di Pers textually document the cometary debate in two of their poems. This paper seeks to underscore the diverging paths that the interrelated fields of astrology and astronomy took by considering letters sent by Borelli to Dionigi Guerrini and two seventeenth century poetic works.
Uptake and patterns of use of gemcitabine for stage IV pancreatic cancer

e15074 Background: Gemcitabine was approved by the FDA in 1996 and subsequently became the standard of care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. We investigated the frequency and predictor...
Wave propagation in hyper-structures

The concept of hyperelement was introduced by E. Kausel and J.M. Roesset, 1977 in connection with the derivation of the dynamic stiffness matrix for layered continuum problems involving two widely separated boundaries. Their approach is extended here and the term hyperstructure is used in an analogous way for structural systems with a large number of periodically spaced, identical structures. For these structures, it is shown that the steady state responses can be calculated more accurately and with fewer operations when compared to more general methods. In order to demonstrate the method, two planar systems are analyzed.
The Association Between Glaucoma, Anxiety, and Depression in a Large Population.

Purpose To investigate the association between glaucoma and each of anxiety and depression. Design Retrospective case-control study. Methods Settings: University of North Carolina hospitals and outpatient clinics. Study Population: All patients over the age of 18 years seen between July 1, 2008 and October 1, 2015 were included. Observation Procedure: International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify cases of glaucoma, as well as anxiety and depression. Outcome Measure: Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for glaucoma and each of anxiety and depression. OR were also calculated for above diagnoses separated by age group and sex. Results A total of 4 439 518 patients were screened, of which 11 234 (0.3%) have glaucoma, 96 527 (2.2%) have anxiety, and 103 476 (2.3%) have depression. The adjusted OR was 10.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0–11.0) for glaucoma and anxiety and 12.3 (95% CI 11.8–12.9) for glaucoma and depression. The likelihood of having anxiety and depression along with glaucoma did not change with age ( P = .088, P = .736). Conclusion There was a statistically significant association between glaucoma and each of anxiety and depression.
Fabricating the “Southern Belle”: Assessing the Role of Imported Material Culture in the Confederacy

Confederate society was dependent on a rigidly defined hierarchy that assigned roles and appropriate behavior based on race, gender, and wealth. White, wealthy, southern women were dependent on material culture as a socially acceptable means of self-fashioning and making their status public. The Union naval blockade threatened this practice by preventing Confederate markets from accessing imported, status-affirming goods. The industry of blockade running rose to fill this need, often controversially prioritizing cargo space for civilian, luxury products over necessities for the military. This article examines the artifact assemblages of blockade runner sites off the coasts of Wilmington, North Carolina and Charleston, South Carolina through a theoretical framework of agency and costly signaling to make assessments about Confederate identity during the Civil War.
Systems biology for nursing in the era of big data and precision health

Abstract Background The systems biology framework was previously synthesized with the person–environment–health–nursing metaparadigm. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a nursing discipline-specific perspective of the association of systems biology with big data and precision health. Method The fields of systems biology, big data, and precision health are now overviewed, from origins through expansions, with examples of what is being done by nurses in each area of science. Discussion Technological advances continue to expand omics and other varieties of big data that inform the person's phenotype and health outcomes for precision care. Meanwhile, millions of participants in the United States are being recruited for health-care research initiatives aimed at building the information commons of digital health data. Conclusions Implications and opportunities abound via conceptualizing the integration of these fields through the nursing metaparadigm.
Tapping autobiographical narratives to illuminate resilience: A transformative learning tool for adult educators

ABSTRACTAdversity has always been a part of life, however, today’s hurricanes and earthquakes in increasingly populated areas, violent unrest creating a global refugee crisis, battlefield stress an...
Risk of conventional cardiac surgery among patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction in the era of mechanical circulatory support.

Abstract Background Despite suggestions that severe left ventricle dysfunction may warrant selection of durable mechanical circulatory support over conventional surgery, comparative studies are lacking due to incomplete characterization of patients at highest risk after conventional surgery. We sought to define subsets of patients with severe left ventricle dysfunction who are at greatest mortality risk following conventional cardiac surgery. Methods We studied 892 patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent conventional coronary or valve surgery from 1993 to 2014, with preoperative ejection fraction ≤ 25%. Exclusions were transcatheter interventions, major concomitant procedures, active endocarditis, and prior/concurrent durable mechanical circulatory support use. Logistic and Cox regression identified determinants of early and late mortality. Results Median age was 70 years (interquartile range, 62-76 years), 46% (n = 411) had New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV symptoms, and 16% (n = 142) had undergone prior surgery. Operative mortality was 7.5%. NYHA functional class IV (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; P = .033), prior cardiac surgery (OR, 2.13; P = .017), peripheral vascular disease (OR, 2.55; P = .001), emergency status (OR, 2.68; P = .024), and intra-aortic balloon pump use (OR, 4.95; P Conclusions In patients referred for conventional surgery with an ejection fraction ≤ 25%, prior cardiac surgery, and/or NYHA functional class IV symptoms—particularly in those aged ≥ 70 years—confer significant and sustained survival disadvantages. Such high-risk subsets may benefit from durable mechanical circulatory support consideration.
Modeling large scale and complex infrastructure systems as computable games

Infrastructure systems for generalized transportation – such as goods, passengers and water – take the form of networks. These networks typically have interdependencies which are not addressed in engineering practice. In order to make efficient policy regarding an infrastructure system, the impacts of that policy on other interdependent infrastructure systems must be understood. The combination of the different layers of the interconnected infrastructure network may be thought of as a system of systems representing the grand infrastructure system. Users of the system of systems may be thought of as agents competing for the limited capacities of the network layers. Dynamic game theory is a natural method for modeling systems of systems in an effort to make better infrastructure decisions. However, to be of use, these models must be computable and thus some different solution techniques for general equilibrium models are discussed.
Tensile properties of cotton fibers

Abstract: This chapter deals with the tensile behavior of cotton fiber with the main objective being to point out some of the key challenges facing understanding the tensile failure of cotton fiber and characterization techniques. Specific subjects discussed include: fiber tensile behaviour during cotton handling (e.g. harvesting through weaving), the effect of fiber tensile strength on yarn strength, effects of fiber structure on tensile strength, tensile testing techniques, and external factors influencing the characterization of cotton tensile behavior. These subjects are discussed using examples of medium-staple and extra-long staple (ELS) cottons.
Minimally Invasive Debridement for Infected Pancreatic Necrosis

Necrotizing pancreatitis has historically been treated with open necrosectomy, which carries a high morbidity and mortality rate. More recently, there has been a shift towards endoscopic and percutaneous approaches employed as part of a minimally invasive step-up approach. Herein, we describe the technical approaches to video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement and sinus tract endoscopic debridement of pancreatic necrosis. Additionally, we review important patient selection considerations and the strengths and weaknesses of each of the approaches.
Copper Induced Radical Dimerization of α-Synuclein Requires Histidine

Aggregation of the neuronal protein α-synuclein (αS) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Analytical methods to detect post-translational modifications of αS are under development, yet the mechanistic underpinnings of biomarkers like dityrosine formation within αS have yet to be established. In our work, we demonstrate that CuI-bound N-terminally acetylated αS (NAcαS) activates O2 resulting in both intermolecular dityrosine cross-linking within the fibrillar core as well as intramolecular cross-linking within the C-terminal region. Substitution of the H50 residue with a disease relevant Q mutation abolishes intermolecular dityrosine cross-linking and limits the CuI/O2 promoted cross-linking to the C-terminal region. Such a dramatic change in reaction behavior establishes a previously unidentified role for H50 in facilitating intermolecular cross-linking. Involvement of H50 in the reaction profile implies that long-range histidine coordination with the upstream CuI coordination ...
Cultural Value, Entrepreneurial Opportunity, and Economic Growth in the Impoverished Economies

This study examines the relationships among cultural value, entrepreneurial opportunity, and economic growth for 26 impoverished countries. The research develops a theoretical framework and three h...
Introduction to the Special Issue on Radical Social Work with People Living in and Exiting Correctional Systems

As the liberal world order faces destabilizing change, the prison/crime industrial complex remains a stronghold of state and corporate coercive power. People are locked up in the US in numbers that...
Opportunities for Automating Email Processing: A Need-Finding Study

Email management consumes significant effort from senders and recipients. Some of this work might be automatable. We performed a mixed-methods need-finding study to learn: (i) what sort of automatic email handling users want, and (ii) what kinds of information and computation are needed to support that automation. Our investigation included a design workshop to identify categories of needs, a survey to better understand those categories, and a classification of existing email automation software to determine which needs have been addressed. Our results highlight the need for: a richer data model for rules, more ways to manage attention, leveraging internal and external email context, complex processing such as response aggregation, and affordances for senders. To further investigate our findings, we developed a platform for authoring small scripts over a user's inbox. Of the automations found in our studies, half are impossible in popular email clients, motivating new design directions.
Drug Selection via Joint Push and Learning to Rank

Selecting the right drugs for the right patients is a primary goal of precision medicine. In this article, we consider the problem of cancer drug selection in a learning-to-rank framework. We have formulated the cancer drug selection problem as to accurately predicting 1) the ranking positions of sensitive drugs and 2) the ranking orders among sensitive drugs in cancer cell lines based on their responses to cancer drugs. We have developed a new learning-to-rank method, denoted as $\mathop {\mathtt {pLETORg}}\limits$ pLETORg , that predicts drug ranking structures in each cell line via using drug latent vectors and cell line latent vectors. The $\mathop {\mathtt {pLETORg}}\limits$ pLETORg method learns such latent vectors through explicitly enforcing that, in the drug ranking list of each cell line, the sensitive drugs are pushed above insensitive drugs, and meanwhile the ranking orders among sensitive drugs are correct. Genomics information on cell lines is leveraged in learning the latent vectors. Our experimental results on a benchmark cell line-drug response dataset demonstrate that the new $\mathop {\mathtt {pLETORg}}\limits$ pLETORg significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method in prioritizing new sensitive drugs.
Patterns of Help-Seeking Behavior Among Victims of Teen Dating Violence and Abuse: Variations Among Boys and Girls.

Background Despite the extensive research on rates of teen dating violence and abuse and its' consequences, less is known about help-seeking behaviors among victims. The goals of this study were to document patterns of help-seeking behaviors among teen victims of dating violence and abuse and examine sex differences related to such patterns. Methods The study involved cross-sectional surveys of 3745 dating youth from 10 middle and high schools in the northeastern United States, 59% of whom reported some kind of dating abuse victimization. We examined the characteristics of youth who reported any type of dating abuse victimization comparing youth who reported seeking help to youth who did not report seeking help following their victimization. Results Only 9% of victims reported seeking help after their victimization experience. Help-seeking differed significantly by sex; female victims were more likely to seek help than male victims, and the types of dating abuse that help-seekers experienced also varied by sex. Overall, 17% of youth sought help from school counselors and 13% sought help from teachers. Conclusions Results suggest that help-seeking behavior is very uncommon among victim populations, particularly if they are not part of specific dating violence prevention programs. In addition, we found female victims were nearly 2 times more likely to seek help than male victims. Given that few youth seek help on their own, schools might create more formalized reporting mechanisms to ensure such violence is addressed effectively and efficiently, and create peer and parental support networks to build awareness and create comfort for victims.
Drop ejection from vibrating damped, dampened wings.

The task of moisture removal from small, delicate surfaces such as sensors and flight surfaces on micro-flyers can be challenging due to remote location and small scale. Robustness is enhanced when such surfaces, of comparable scale to deposited drops, can remove deposition without external influence. At this scale, the dynamics of a solid surface responding to a mechanical input is highly-coupled to the fluid resting above. In this study, we explore highly-coupled fluid–solid mechanics using singular liquid drops of water and a glycerin solution resting on millimetric, forced cantilevers. These wing-inspired cantilevers are sinusoidally displaced at their base across 85–115 Hz, producing surface accelerations up to 45 gravities at drop release. We observe three principal drop release modes: sliding, normal-to-cantilever ejection, and drop pinch-off. Release modes are dependent on drop and cantilever properties, and cantilever motion. Predictions of ejection modes are accomplished by application of Euler elastica theory and drop adhesion forces. Lastly, we determine damping of cantilever motion imposed by sloshing drops.
The Cost and Length of Stay Associated with Biventricular Assist Devices in the United States (2009-2015)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the national trends in utilization, mortality, cost, and length of stay (LOS) associated with implantation of biventricular assist devices (BiVADs) using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of NIS from 2009 to 2015 for surgically implanted internal (n = 538) and external BiVADs (n = 727). Exploratory analyses were performed to explain the trends found in utilization, mortality, cost, and LOS. Results From 2009 to 2015, the utilization of all BiVADs decreased (4.8% per year, p Conclusion The decline in utilization of BiVADs between 2009 and 2015 coincided with the increase in utilization of LVADs during this time. Declining BiVAD utilization can be related to the improvement in the LVAD technology and outcomes as well as the availability of percutaneous temporary circulatory support. Although the advancement in LVAD technology has led to decrease in mortality rate and reduction in cost and LOS, BiVAD mortality remained the same over time with a rise in cost and LOS. Future studies are required to investigate optimal BiVAD configurations and strategies, as well as patient selection in order to improve mortality and reduce LOS and cost for BiVAD patients.
The mechanisms of steroid resistance of children's idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

The resistance to steroid remains a major trouble in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, and the mechanisms are complicated.Recent studys have shown that multidrug resistance gene l and P-glycoprotein170, glucocorticoid receptor, renal pathology, gene mutation and complications are all closely related to the resistance to steroid.This review is focused on the mechanisms of steroid resistance of children's idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Key words: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; Children; Steroid resistance
Costume in performance: materiality, culture, and the body: by Donatella Barbieri, with a contribution by Melissa Trimingham, Bloomsbury, 2017, 264 pp., £17.50 (paperback), ISBN 9781350106383; £70.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781474236874; £12.38 (ebook), ISBN 9781474236898

It will come as no surprise that this book – the winner of the Prague Quadrennial Best Performance Design and Scenography Publication Award (2019) and shortlisted for The Society for Theatre Resear...