cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy of Membrane Proteins in Aligned Bicelles

High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra can be obtained from uniformly 15N-labeled membrane proteins in magnetically aligned bicelles. Fast uniaxial diffusion about the axis of the bilayer normal results in single-line spectra that contain the orientational information necessary for protein structure determination.
The Membrane Topography of the Diphtheria Toxin T Domain Linked to the A Chain Reveals a Transient Transmembrane Hairpin and Potential Translocation Mechanisms

The diphtheria toxin T domain helps translocate the A chain of the toxin across membranes. To gain insight into translocation, the membrane topography of key residues in T domain attached to the A chain (AT protein) was compared to that in the isolated T domain using fluorescence techniques. This study demonstrates that residues in T domain hydrophobic helices (TH5−TH9) tended to be less exposed to aqueous solution in the AT protein than in the isolated T domain. Under conditions in which the loop connecting TH5 to TH6/7 is located stably on the cis (insertion) side of the membrane in the isolated T domain, it moves between the cis and trans sides of the membrane in the AT protein. This is indicative of the formation of a dynamic, transient transmembrane hairpin topography by TH5−TH7 in the AT protein. Since TH8 and TH9 also form a transmembrane hairpin, this means that TH5−TH9 may form a cluster of transmembrane helices. These helices have a nonpolar surface likely to face the lipid bilayer in a helix cl...
Effects of grand unification interactions on weak symmetry breaking in supergravity theories

Abstract Possible effects of grand unification interactions on SU(2) × U(1) breaking are investigated by explicitly considering a supersymmetric SU(5) model coupled to N = 1 supergravity. Some remarkable features concerning the effects of renormalization on the effective soft supersymmetry breaking terms of SU(5) in the GUT region MP − MG are clarified, which are relevant for determining the SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) theory below MG. In particular, the (mass)2 of the Higgs doublets, g H m g 2 and g H m g 2 , might become significantly small at M G (g H ⋍ g H ≈ 0.1) through the effect of SU(5) couplings such as H o E H . Then, gH can rather easily become negative below MG, so as to realize SU(2) × U(1) breaking naturally even for the “diet” top quark case (mt ≈ 40 GeV). On the other hand, if g H ⋍ g H ⋍ 1 at M G by neglecting the grand unification interactions, some careful tuning of μ32/mg2 is required with an accuracy ⪅10−2 to achieve SU(2) × U(1) breaking with “diet” top quark, though a mass term μ 3 2 ( H H ) may be present.
Modification of surface negative slow potential (CNV) in the human brain after total sleep loss.

Abstract The CNV was studied under baseline, total sleep deprivation and recovery conditions in eight subjects using a 4.5 sec fixed foreperiod (S1-S2). The warning stimulus (S1) was a click; the imperative stimulus (S2) was a set of flashes. During baseline all subjects developed the CNV during the 4.5 sec foreperiod. One night of sleep loss decreased the CNV, and 2 nights of sleep loss abolished the CNV. The CNV wave was examined in three ways: (a) the univariate zero-mu t test which was applied repeatedly at various points during the 4.5 sec foreperiod; (b) the multi-variate zero-mu Hotelling T 2 ; (c) correlation between paired CNVs. The Hotelling T 2 showed the loss of the CNV during total sleep deprivation.
Diffuse simple erosions in a neonate.

Thepediatricdermatology teamwascalled to theneonatal intensive careunit toevaluate a full-termmalenewbornwithdiffuseerosions present at birth. On examination, 1to 4-mm simple erosions were noted over the scalp, face, trunk, scrotum, limbs, palms, and soles (Figure, A). Vital signs and findings from the remainder of the physical examination were normal. The patient’s mother had a normal pregnancy. She was immune to rubella; negative for hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus, group B streptococcus, and syphilis; and had no history of genital herpes. She reported exposure to a relative who had chicken pox during the first trimester of her pregnancy. Atbirth the infantwas transferred to theneonatal intensivecare unitandwasstartedontherapywithbroad-spectrumantibioticsand acyclovir forapresumedcongenital infection.Woundandbloodbacterial and viral cultures were negative. A skin biopsy specimenwas obtainedandevaluatedwithhematoxylin-eosin (Figure, B) and immunostaining (Figure, C). What is your diagnosis?
Evolution of bacterial ribosomal protein L1

Search vectors composed of Gly, Ala, Arg, and Pro (GARP) residues retrieve 98% of each of the ribosomal proteins in prokaryotic species with no false hits. Different combinations of G, A, R and P and insertions differentiate each ribosomal protein from all others. Amino acids in two sequence positions separate Gram+ from Gram− bacteria. Specific residues separate proteins of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts from all other species. Structural information played an essential role in developing a GARP based technique to achieve perfect sequence alignment. It is possible to understand why GARP residues are 100% conserved in specific positions in families of proteins present in all species.
The first metal complex containing a silylated β-diketonate ligand: bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2-sila-3,5-heptanedionato) copper(II)

Abstract A facile preparation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2-sila-3,5-heptanedione (tmshdH), exemplar of a new class of ligands, the sila-β-diketones, has been developed. Silicon substitution in the ligands has profound effects on the volatility, thermal properties, crystal packing, and electronic spectrum of the homoleptic Cu(II) complex, Cu(tmshd)2.
Simple physical performance measures and vascular health in late midlife women: the Study of Women's Health across the nation.

Abstract Background Physical performance measures have been shown to predict mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) mainly in elderly populations. We evaluated whether physical performance measures are associated with vascular health indices (carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), adventitial diameter (cAD) and carotid plaque) in a large sample of multi-ethnic, late midlife women. Methods Participants from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation free of CVD and who had carotid ultrasound assessed at the 12th annual visit were evaluated. Physical function (PF) measures at visit 12 included: average 40-foot walking speed and average time needed for sit-to-stand assessment. Results A total of 1103 women (53.7% White, 30.5% Black, 15.9% Chinese) aged 59.6±2.7years at visit 12, were included. In models adjusted for study site, race, current age, menopausal status and systolic blood pressure, slower walking speed and longer time needed for sit-to-stand were significantly associated with wider cAD, thicker cIMT and a higher probability of a high level of carotid plaque burden (all P-values Conclusions The current study suggests that worse performance in simple objective PF tests may be an early indicator of vascular structural changes that precede vascular disease among women at late midlife.
The Virtual Library Experience: Going Online at Silver Cross Hospital

The virtual library concept has been popular and likely well accepted by community hospitals and administrators in recent years. But it was not the case 6 years ago. This article covers the background of how a traditional medical library was transformed into a virtual library, how that transformation impacted the library's collections and services, how the library gets its funding, and how to promote a virtual library. This report is based on the author's personal experience at Silver Cross Hospital, Joliet, Illinois.
RF-CMOS oscillators with switched tuning

Fully integrated CMOS oscillators are of great interest for use in single-chip wireless transceivers. In most oscillator circuits reported to date that operate in the 0.9 to 2 GHz frequency range, an integrated spiral inductor sets the frequency. It is generally believed that an LC oscillator, even when it uses a low-Q inductor, displays a lower phase noise than a ring oscillator. However, due to the absence of a good varactor compatible with CMOS technology, the integrated LC oscillator suffers from a very limited tuning range. Although this tuning range may encompass the limited frequency agility required in an RF oscillator, for instance to span the modulation bandwidth in a transmitter, it will seldom cover the much larger lot-to-lot process variations manifest as spreads of up to 20% in capacitance. Fortunately, the self-inductance of a metal spiral does not suffer spreads, because it depends on a precise number of turns and on the geometry of metal traces which is little affected by fluctuations in lithography. This work addresses the practical problem of how to design RF CMOS oscillators with a wide enough tuning range to reliably cover process variations, without compromising current drain or phase noise. Prototypes were developed in the 0.6 /spl mu/m MOSIS CMOS process to oscillate at up to 1.8 GHz with a sub-3V supply. The tuning method exploits digital capabilities and MOS analog switches.
Teorías de la justicia distributiva: una fundamentación moral del derecho a la protección de la salud

En este articulo se analizan las propuestas desarrolladas por dos de las principales teorias de la justicia distributiva vigentes en la actualidad —el libertarismo y el liberalismo igualitario—, con el fin de revisar los posibles fundamentos morales del derecho al cuidado sanitario. Mientras la teoria de la justicia del libertarismo —que da pie al llamado “mercantilismo sanitario”— avala la idea de que el Estado deje la distribucion del cuidado sanitario al libre mercado, el liberalismo igualitario pretende cimentar una obligacion directa para el Estado de garantizar un derecho a “cuidado sanitario minimo” para todos, con base en el principio de igualdad de oportunidades desarrollado por Rawls.
The quasi‐utility basis for broadcast regulation

(1974). The quasi‐utility basis for broadcast regulation. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 259-276.
Unequal error protection of SPIHT encoded image bit streams

A derivative of the set partitioning into hierarchical trees (SPIHT) image coding method, which generates substreams with different error-resilience properties, is proposed. By dividing the image bit stream into three classes, substreams with different immunity properties are obtained. The unequal protection of these substreams with different channel coding rates improves the overall performance of the method against channel errors. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method over some of the state-of-the-art methods.
Effects of water color on predation regimes and zooplankton assemblages in freshwater lakes

Northern temperate lakes often have high water color because of high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Altered light, temperature, and oxygen profiles in these brown-water lakes should reduce the foraging abilities of planktivorous fish and reduce predation on zooplankton and invertebrate predators such as Chaoborus. Additionally, reduced diurnal vertical migration should limit exposure to cold temperatures and increase zooplankton growth rates. We hypothesized that, with increasing water color, Chaoborus would become more important, and this change would be followed by a shift in the zooplankton assemblage toward larger species. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a 2 3 2 3 2 factorial enclosure study to examine the effects of high and low color and the presence and absence of both fish andChaoborus on zooplankton assemblages. We also analyzed the zooplankton community structure of two lakes with similar morphometry and fish composition but very different water color. Both studies showed that, in highly colored water, Chaoborus was more abundant and the zooplankton community shifted from small species, such as Bosmina and small copepods, to large species, such as Daphnia and Holopedium. Concurrently, the food web structure changed from top-down control to intraguild predation. Because not only the physical habitat differs between clear- and brown-water lakes, but also the predation regimes and food web structure, we conclude that brown-water lakes are a distinct lake type.
Effect of lipid composition on insulin-mediated fusion of small unilamellar liposomes: a kinetic study.

Liposome-entrapped insulin could be used to prolong the hypoglycemic action of insulin. Also, the conjugation of insulin to the surface of liposomes allows the potential application of using insulin as a transporting molecule to deliver liposome-entrapped drugs to insulin-receptor rich tissues. The success of these two approaches of drug delivery depends on how insulin may interact with liposomes. The present study describes the application of the principle of kinetics to investigate the effect of insulin on the stability of various preparations of liposomal drug carriers. The technique of fluorescence resonance energy transfer was employed to study the destabilization of liposomal formulations through the process of insulin-mediated fusion of liposomes. The kinetics of insulin-mediated fusion appeared to be compatible with a model whereby the initial rate of fusion is governed by the mechanism of fusion of two small unilamellar, unfused liposomal particles. The rate constants of insulin-mediated fusion of various liposomal formulations were estimated from the initial rate of fusion, using the model of two-particle fusion. Arrhenius analysis of the rate constants of fusion at different temperatures suggests that the mechanism of insulin-mediated fusion of small unilamellar vesicles is not governed merely by the energy and frequency of collision between liposomal particles. Other factors, such as the binding of insulin with the surface of liposomes and the temperature effect on the dynamics of the liposomal membrane, as well as the conformation of insulin, could potentially be important. The effect of the destabilization of liposomes by insulin can be reduced by using bovine brain sphingomyelin instead of phosphatidylcholine and by including cholesterol in the liposomal formulation.
The Diaspora at Home

The concept of diaspora can be fruitfully used to open up economic analysis. Unlike the current ways in which the terms immigrant, emigrant, and migrant have entered economics, the term diaspora shows promise in pushing us toward richer analyses of economic subjectivity. In addition, it opens the possibility for a more critical interrogation of the `international' and `national' than is currently available within mainstream economic analysis. However, the term can be pushed further. Using the experience of growing up Tamil in Bombay in the 1970s as its focus, this article complicates the concept of diaspora. It highlights diasporas `within' nations, and shows how groups may enter the diasporic experience without traveling. This exploration allows us to critically re-examine binaries of national—cosmopolitan, assimilation— resistance, necessary before we can usefully deploy the concept of diaspora for projects of cross-disciplinary conversation.
The polysialyltransferase ST8Sia II/STX: posttranslational processing and role of autopolysialylation in the polysialylation of neural cell adhesion molecule.

The presence of α2,8-linked polysialic acid on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is known to modulate cell interactions during development and oncogenesis. Two enzymes, the α2,8-polysialyltransferases ST8Sia IV/PST and ST8Sia II/STX are responsible for the polysialylation of NCAM. We previously reported that both ST8Sia IV/PST and ST8Sia II/STX enzymes are themselves modified by α2,8-linked polysialic acid chains, a process called autopolysialylation. In the case of ST8Sia IV/PST, autopolysialylation is not required for enzymatic activity. However, whether the autopolysialylation of ST8Sia II/STX is required for its ability to polysialylate NCAM is unknown. To understand how autopolysialylation impacts ST8Sia II/STX enzymatic activity, we employed a mutagenesis approach. We found that ST8Sia II/STX is modified by six Asn-linked oligosaccharides and that polysialic acid is distributed among the oligosaccharides modifying Asn 89, 219, and 234. Coexpression of a nonautopolysialylated ST8Sia II/STX mutant with NCAM demonstrated that autopolysialylation is not required for ST8Sia II/STX polysialyltransferase activity. In addition, catalytically active, nonautopolysialylated ST8Sia II/STX does not polysialylate any endogenous COS-1 cell proteins, highlighting the protein specificity of polysialylation. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis of NCAM polysialylation by autopolysialylated and nonautopolysialylated ST8Sia II/STX suggests that the NCAM is polysialylated to a higher degree by autopolysialylated ST8Sia II/STX. Therefore, we conclude that autopolysialylation of ST8Sia II/STX, like that of ST8Sia IV/PST, is not required for, but does enhance, NCAM polysialylation.
Student Evaluations Of Faculty: Concerns And Possible Solutions

Student evaluations of university instruction have long been used to evaluate the teaching performance of instructors of all ranks. In spite of the widespread use of the data acquired from student evaluations for the purpose of determining faculty teaching effectiveness, a review of the literature in the area indicates that questions concerning the validity and usefulness of such evaluations remain unanswered. With the pervasiveness use of student evaluations, it is doubtful that substantial changes in the system are going to be implemented across the country soon. This research reviews the major problems that have been identified in student evaluations of faculty, and suggests some possible methods to increase the validity of teaching evaluations without major changes to the current systems of evaluation of faculty. Any changes to teaching evaluations, which would increase the usefulness of student evaluations of faculty, would benefit both college students and faculty. Administrators of colleges and universities for some time have stressed the importance of a marketing orientation (Bush, Ferrell & Thomas, Jr., 1998; Moore 2004). Students are one of the consumer groups interested in the product of a college education, and students’ opinions are considered a vital source of information concerning the quality of instruction at colleges and universities.
State Poverty Rates: Do the New Welfare Policies Make a Difference?

This article uses four models to identify the best predictors of state poverty levels and changes in state poverty rates since the implementation of welfare reform. The policy decisions based on the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) by the states are tested along with more traditional variables identified in the literature. Using several measures of state poverty, the analysis finds that those states with the lowest poverty rates are those with the healthiest economies, and the most generous state spending on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). States with the highest percentage of their TANF rolls made up of black citizens tend to have the highest rates of poverty. Initial poverty rates are found to be important in that states with higher initial poverty levels are capable of generating a larger reduction in poverty than states with lower initial rates. With the exception of limited evidence on sanctions, none of the PRWORA–based policies were found to have any effect on poverty rates.
Text pattern visualization for analysis of biology full text and captions

Large textbanks comprised of thousands of full-text biology papers are rapidly becoming available. We describe an approach to characterize all major language patterns in biology text in terms of frameworks. Frameworks are "containers" made up of common phrases surrounding specific informational items such as gene and protein names. A framework viewer has been developed that shows similar text frameworks aligned on the screen much as biosequence visualization tools do. Using the viewer, it is evident that frameworks have the power to find the types of structures needed to develop useful information retrieval systems. As a simple example, one framework was able to concisely select 45,000 nouns from a corpus of 5 million words without error. This work points the way to highly automated systems that will be able to extract and index information in biology textbanks. Work in progress includes extensions to characterize recursive structures in text, subsystems to retrieve figures in papers, and the discovery of semantic relations to aid concept-based retrieval.
Synthesis of Air and Light Sensitive Cis-phenolic Cyclopropane Derivatives

Abstract The synthesis of several cis-phenolic cyclopropanes, 6, 7, 8, and 13 is described. These cyclopropanes are new potential antiestrogens. A hydrogenolysis study of precursors, 5b, 5c, 5d, 10 11, and 12 and a novel method for the prevention of gem-dichlorocyclopropane ring-opening during hydrogenolysis are discussed.
Differential effects of static and dynamic inputs on neuronal excitability

The intrinsic excitability of neurons is known to be dynamically regulated by activity-dependent plasticity and homeostatic mechanisms. Such processes are commonly analyzed in the context of input-...
Proton-coupled electron transfer and tyrosine D of photosystem II.

Photosystem II (PSII) is a photosynthetic reaction center that oxidizes water and reduces bound plastoquinone. PSII electron transfer is mediated by two redox-active tyrosine residues. One of these residues, tyrosine D (YD), has been assigned as Tyr160 of the D2 polypeptide by site-directed mutagenesis and isotopic labeling. Previous spectroscopic evidence has established that His189 in the D2 subunit forms a hydrogen bond with YD• and donates a proton to YD• when the radical is reduced. However, the mechanism of this reaction has not been elucidated. In this report, EPR spectroscopy and 2H2O solvent exchange were used to investigate the pL dependence of the YD• reduction rate. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE), induced by solvent exchange, was also measured as a function of pL. Under the conditions employed, the reduction of YD• is attributed to recombination with the QA- plastoquinone acceptor of PSII. The kinetic data were fit with a biexponential function. The majority, slow phase exhibited a pL-depend...
toward a theory of culture and class: an Iberian example

This paper sets out an alternative theory of the relationship between culture and class, arguing that such a theory must focus on the intrinsic connection of production to the symbolic order. The proposed approach is based on, and brings together, a critical reinterpretation of Marx, the analyses by Bourdieu and others on forms of capital, the growing body of research on the processes of political encompassment, and recent work in sociolinguistics on objectification. Focusing on ethnography in Spain, particularly the transformation of the Galician fishing communities, the paper reconceptualizes the role of labor in class formation in order to generate an alternative account of class identity.[culture, class, labor, Spain, class identity]
Recommendations for Primary Care Provided by Psychiatrists

Recent studies have shown that people with severe mental illness have a dramatically lower life expectancy than the general population. Psychiatrists have not traditionally been very attentive to or involved with physical health issues and there has been growing emphasis on integrated care for physical and mental health and access to primary care for all members of the population. This paper examines the role of psychiatrists in the provision of primary care to the patients they treat. Some recommendations are offered for their involvement in the provision of primary care at three levels of complexity: Level 1--Universal Basic Psychiatric Primary Care; Level 2--Enhanced Psychiatric Primary Care; and Level 3--Fully Integrated Primary Care and Psychiatric Management. Some of the obstacles to the provision of primary care by psychiatrists are considered along with some suggestions for overcoming them.
RNA trafficking in oligodendrocytes.

RNA trafficking provides a mechanism to steer expression of specific proteins to specific compartments of the cell and also to coordinate expression of proteins encoded by RNAs with similar trafficking pathways. Each RNA has an intrinsic intracellular trafficking pathway, determined by cis-acting trafficking signals in the RNA and trans-acting trafficking factors in the cell. RNA trafficking has been studied to advantage in oligodendrocytes because of their unique morphological features. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system by extending long, thin dendrites which wrap around axons to form the myelin sheath. This morphology results in topological separation of the different subcellular compartments in the oligodendrocyte, which facilitates resolution of intracellular trafficking intermediates.
Conjugate Adaptive Optics in Microscopy with Partitioned Aperture Wavefront Sensing

We describe a wide field microscopy adaptive optics (AO) technique in which the deformable mirror is conjugate to an interface aberration. We demonstrate extended field of view achieved with this technique in comparison to conventional pupil-plane AO, and then describe an approach to direct wavefront sensing in conjugate AO using a partitioned aperture.
AB0745 Assessing validity of low field magnetic resonance imaging (mri) for joint inflammation and damage in wrist/hand rheumatoid arthritis (ra) - a systematic literature review (slr)

Background While radiographic scoring of erosions and joint space narrowing (JSN) of the hand/wrist is standard to evaluate RA joint damage for regulatory approval of DMARDs, MRI is now also used to examine joint inflammation/damage in clinical trials. MRI field strength impacts feasibility, image quality and cost. Measurement methods initially used ≥1.0 tesla (T) MRI, requiring large machines and specialized space. Low field ( Objectives To report results of an SLR examining if Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) RA MRI scoring (RAMRIS) is validated for low field (LF) images of RA wrist/hand. Methods We searched PubMed with Cochrane hedge for articles from 1970 to Aug 2012 using search terms with relevant data. These included: demographics/RA features in adults, MRI field strength ( Results 35 LF MRI articles met criteria for extraction. RAMRIS was most often used, as with our previous SLR evaluating ≥1.0T MRI. Altogether, 16 articles using Number of articles providing validity data for RAMRIS measurement with LF MRI Conclusions Using a rigorous PRISMA-compliant SLR to examine low field MRI/RAMRIS of the RA wrist/hand, we found 0.2T MRI is partially validated to measure synovitis, BME/osteitis and erosions. To finalize validation, evidence for discrimination between treatment groups for synovitis, BME, erosions, and discriminant construct validity for erosions are needed. Acknowledgements This work was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Bristol Myers Squibb Disclosure of Interest O. Troum Grant/research support from: Abbott, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Centocor, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Consultant for: Abbott, Amgen, Centocor, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squib, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, UCB, O. Pimienta Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, T. Woodworth Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, O. Morgacheva Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, V. Ranganath Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, NIH, UCB, Consultant for: UCB, D. Furst Grant/research support from: Abbott, Actelion, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, GSK, NIH, Novarts, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, UCB, Consultant for: Abbott, Actelion, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bogenldec, Centocor, Gilead, GSK, NIH, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Actelion, UCB (CME only)
TH-EF-BRB-11: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Total Body Irradiation

Purpose: To develop a modern, patient-comfortable total body irradiation (TBI) technique suitable for standard-sized linac vaults. Methods: An indexed rotatable immobilization system (IRIS) was developed to make possible total-body CT imaging and radiation delivery on conventional couches. Treatment consists of multi-isocentric volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to the upper body and parallel-opposed fields to the lower body. Each isocenter is indexed to the couch and includes a 180° IRIS rotation between the upper and lower body fields. VMAT fields are optimized to satisfy lung dose objectives while achieving a uniform therapeutic dose to the torso. End-to-end tests with a rando phantom were used to verify dosimetric characteristics. Treatment plan robustness regarding setup uncertainty was assessed by simulating global and regional isocenter setup shifts on patient data sets. Dosimetric comparisons were made with conventional extended distance, standing TBI (cTBI) plans using a Monte Carlo-based calculation. Treatment efficiency was assessed for eight courses of patient treatment. Results: The IRIS system is level and orthogonal to the scanned CT image plane, with lateral shifts <2mm following rotation. End-to-end tests showed surface doses within ±10% of the prescription dose, field junction doses within ±15% of prescription dose. Plan robustness tests showed <15% changes in dose with global setup errors up to 5mm in each direction. Local 5mm relative setup errors in the chest resulted in < 5% dose changes. Local 5mm shift errors in the pelvic and upper leg junction resulted in <10% dose changes while a 10mm shift error causes dose changes up to 25%. Dosimetric comparison with cTBI showed VMAT-TBI has advantages in preserving chest wall dose with flexibility in leveraging the PTV-body and PTV-lung dose. Conclusion: VMAT-TBI with the IRIS system was shown clinically feasible as a cost-effective approach to TBI for standard-sized linac vaults.
Early Results of the SOURCE 3 Registry: A Source of Encouragement With Some Caveats

Article, see p 1123 Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the management of severe aortic stenosis. In several randomized trials studying extreme-, high-, and intermediate-risk patients, TAVR has been shown to be superior to medical treatment and noninferior to surgical aortic valve replacement.1–4 The family of SOURCE (SAPIEN Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcom e ) and PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) trials have evaluated the use of the balloon-expandable SAPIEN, SAPIEN XT, and SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valves (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA). The SAPIEN 3 valve is the latest generation of balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valves, which contains modifications that improve on the earlier valves. These modifications included a mechanism to reduce paravalvular regurgitation (PVR), the need for a smaller expandable femoral sheath size that accommodates ≈90% transfemoral TAVR use, and a mechanism to permit fine-tuning of the transcatheter heart valve during positioning. These iterations were designed to decrease complication rates, to facilitate deployment, and to expand the indications and application of TAVR to a wider population of patients. With this in mind, it will be paramount to analyze the efficacy and safety of the SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve as we move toward a younger and lower-risk population. In this issue of Circulation , Wendler and colleagues5 report the 30-day outcomes of the SOURCE 3 registry. This is the largest real-world observation of the safety and performance of the SAPIEN 3 valve in 1947 patients from 80 centers in 10 European countries enrolled between July 2014 and October 2015. They report a high implantation success rate (98.3%) and low rates of conversion to surgery …
The female pelvie mass: Diagnosis and Management

When a pelvic mass is encountered in a female patient, there are several tools available to the physician as diagnostic aids. The patient's age, history, and physical examination; diagnostic imaging studies; and laboratory tests can contribute valuable information to the diagnosis and management of the case. It is essential for today's physician to become familiar with these tools and to be able to direct management appropriately.
Thermoelastic-plastic flow equations in general coordinates

Abstract The equations governing the thermoelastic-plastic flow of isotropic solids in the Prandtl-Reuss and small anisotropy approximations in Cartesian coordinates are generalized to arbitrary coordinate systems. In applications the choice of coordinates is dictated by the symmetry of the solid flow. The generally invariant equations are evaluated in spherical, cylindrical (including uniaxial), and both prolate and oblate spheroidal coordinates.
SEAFLOOR STABILITY IN CENTRAL LONG ISLAND SOUND: Part I. Temporal Changes In Erodibility of Fine-Grained Sediment

Abstract: This preliminary study documents temporal changes in seafloor erodibility at a 14-meter-deep mud bottom station in central Long Island Sound over a 29-month period. The mean critical rolling and saltation velocities of the bottom were determined in the laboratory with a specially constructed flume containing salt water. A removable 45-cm length of the 10 cm by 10 cm closed flume channel was used as a box core. A removable bottom on the core box allowed scuba divers to obtain relatively undisturbed samples of the seafloor. Samples were returned to the laboratory in thermally insulated containers and critical erosion velocities were determined within a few hours. In 1974 and 1975, minimum annual mean rolling velocities were measured in July (16–19 cm sec -1 at z = 100 cm). Maximum mean rolling velocities were recorded in November 1974 and October 1975 (respectively 28 cm sec -1 and 23 cm sec -1 at z = 100 cm). The observed change in mean critical velocities in 1976 was different from that observed in 1974 and 1975. The minimum mean rolling velocity in 1976 was recorded in October (19 cm sec -1 at z = 100 cm) and the peak threshold velocity was measured in July (28 cm sec -1 at z = 100 cm). We propose tentatively that two opposing biogenic processes influence the observed changes in critical velocities; stabilization by sediment binding and destabilizaton by bioturbation. An estimate of the influence of microbial growth and mucus binding on bottom erodibility was obtained by culturing microorganisms on beds of glass beads of various sizes in the flume. Critical rolling velocities of glass beads increased 25% to 60% after 3–15 days related to mucus production and binding of the beads. Seafloor stabilization by sedentary polychaetes was also studied in the laboratory by comparing mean critical rolling velocities of natural sediment without tube-forming polychaetes with mean rolling velocities of the same sediment after introducing dense aggregations of Heteromastus filiformis. Critical rolling velocities increased by 80% over a period of 11 days.
Case 85: This Could Be Serious

You are an attending anesthesiologist in a university hospital. Today you are anesthetizing a 10-year-old girl for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. A medical student is with you, and after an uneventful anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation by the medical student, the table is to be turned 90°. This is done to facilitate the surgery.
Photoelectrochemistry of Ultrathin, Semitransparent, and Catalytic Gold Films Electrodeposited Epitaxially onto n-Silicon (111)

An ultrathin, epitaxial Au layer was electrochemically deposited on n-Si(111) to form a Schottky junction that was used as the photoanode in a regenerative photoelectrochemical cell. Au serves as a semitransparent contact that both stabilizes n-Si against photopassivation and catalyzes the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. In this cell, Fe2+ was oxidized at the n-Si(111)/Au(111) photoanode and Fe3+ was reduced at the Au cathode, leading to the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy with no net chemical reaction. The photocurrent was limited to 11.9 mA·cm–2 because of the absorption of light by the Fe2+/3+ redox couple. When a transparent solution of sulfite ion was oxidized at the photoanode, photocurrent densities as high as 28.5 mA·cm–2 were observed with AM 1.5 light of 100 mW·cm–2 intensity. One goal of the work was to determine the effect of the Au layer on the interfacial energetics as a function of the Au coverage. There was a decrease in the barrier height from 0.81 to 0.73 eV as the gold cove...
New Developments in Practice and Technique of Flame Spectrometry

A review of the major trends and achievements in flame emission spectroscopy for the last three years will be broken down into these several categories: Improvements in equipment components, flames and their composition, combustion pattern, feed rate, and interference effects. The use of organic solvents has continued to increase, and, in conjunction with fuel-rich flames or with observation of spectra from restricted areas of the combustion zone, has extended the utility of flame photometry to many elements whose emission lines are now observed in unusual strength. Gradually some of the factors which influence the intensity of emission spectra are being unraveled.
Internal and External Opposition to the Bodhisattva's Gift of His Body

Le but de cet article est de montrer que dans la litterature bouddhiste de l'Inde, le don de son corps en sacrifice, prone par la doctrine Bodhisattva etait un ideal qui suscitait de l'ambivalence, et que le fait que ce soit une forme ideale de generosite etait quelquefois conteste. L'A. etudie d'abord l'opposition interne (au sein meme des recits) a l'offrande de son corps selon le Bodhisattva ainsi que la signification de cette opposition. Puis il en examine l'opposition externe (dans la litterature exegetique ou les commentaires). Il conclut sur ce que cette ambivalence revele de defectuosites plus graves dans la pensee bouddhiste.
Research Patient Data Warehousing

Recent years have seen a push to increase the adoption of electronic health records and other clinical information systems in the United States. This has led to a corresponding increase in the volume and breadth of data that are generated during the course of clinical care. Institutions have a strong desire to analyze and mine this information for quality improvement and research purposes. To accomplish this, they are turning to systems that allow them to integrate data from several systems and synthesize it into a coherent view. These systems, commonly called data warehouses or integrated data repositories, are now serving as the basis for much of the clinical and translational research that occurs in medicine today. Here we describe the different components of a research patient data warehouse, including data models and terminologies, extract, transform and load (ETL) procedures used to populate the warehouse and steps institutions need to take to ensure patient privacy. We also provide an overview of one of the more popular open-source warehousing technologies, the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform.
Comprehensive organic emission profiles for gasoline, diesel, and gas-turbine engines including intermediate and semi-volatile organic compound emissions

Abstract. Emissions from mobile sources are important contributors to both primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA) in urban environments. We compiled recently published data to create comprehensive model-ready organic emission profiles for on- and off-road gasoline, gas-turbine, and diesel engines. The profiles span the entire volatility range, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs, effective saturation concentration C * = 10 7 – 1011 µ g m −3 ), intermediate-volatile organic compounds (IVOCs, C * = 10 3 – 106 µ g m −3 ), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs, C * = 1 – 102 µ g m −3 ), low-volatile organic compounds (LVOCs, C * ≤ 0.1 µ g m −3 ) and non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs). Although our profiles are comprehensive, this paper focuses on the IVOC and SVOC fractions to improve predictions of SOA formation. Organic emissions from all three source categories feature tri-modal volatility distributions (“by-product” mode, “fuel” mode, and “lubricant oil” mode). Despite wide variations in emission factors for total organics, the mass fractions of IVOCs and SVOCs are relatively consistent across sources using the same fuel type, for example, contributing 4.5 % (2.4 %–9.6 % as 10th to 90th percentiles) and 1.1 % (0.4 %–3.6 %) for a diverse fleet of light duty gasoline vehicles tested over the cold-start unified cycle, respectively. This consistency indicates that a limited number of profiles are needed to construct emissions inventories. We define five distinct profiles: (i) cold-start and off-road gasoline, (ii) hot-operation gasoline, (iii) gas-turbine, (iv) traditional diesel and (v) diesel-particulate-filter equipped diesel. These profiles are designed to be directly implemented into chemical transport models and inventories. We compare emissions to unburned fuel; gasoline and gas-turbine emissions are enriched in IVOCs relative to unburned fuel. The new profiles predict that IVOCs and SVOC vapour will contribute significantly to SOA production. We compare our new profiles to traditional source profiles and various scaling approaches used previously to estimate IVOC emissions. These comparisons reveal large errors in these different approaches, ranging from failure to account for IVOC emissions (traditional source profiles) to assuming source-invariant scaling ratios (most IVOC scaling approaches).
Engaging Underrepresented Adolescents in Authentic Scientific Settings: Scientist Role Models and Improving Psychosocial Outcomes.

There is a critical need for additional and effective comprehensive programs to increase the number of underrepresented minority students pursuing scientific careers. Science education for high school students is often fragmented and delivered with single-focused approaches, for example traditional classroom lectures, hands-on-activities, or conducting research. The current paper examines a comprehensive biomedical research program that integrated classroom teaching, hands-on-activities, conducting a research study, and mentoring from scientists in authentic scientific settings. The expectation is that a comprehensive program would offer students a well-rounded experience and skills in science. We assessed short-term psychosocial outcomes and long-term academic outcomes in the participants, largely minority high school students, who are traditionally underrepresented in science. The psychosocial outcomes assessed pre- and post-program include: knowledge of science pathways, self-efficacy in science, attitudes toward science, and scientific communication skills. Although non-significant, post-program results showed an increasing trend for knowledge of science pathways, self-efficacy in science, and attitudes toward science. Post-program, students reported statistically significant increases in feeling they had role models in science. A long-term assessment of 31 participating students showed that 77% of these students were attending college, 79% were majoring in STEM, and 75% were planning to pursue additional higher education. Our findings provide evidence for the short-term and long-term benefits of a comprehensive biomedical research program conducted in an authentic scientific setting.
Reversing the Brain Drain? Skilled Return Migration and the Global Movement of Expert Knowledge - Dissertation Executive Summary

My dissertation explores how skilled return migrants adapt the expertise they gained working abroad to workplaces in their home countries with data from an original survey of 4,183 skilled returnees from 81 countries, who had worked abroad in the U.S. First, I find that whether returnees are successful at transferring knowledge depends less on their individual ability and more on features of the professional environments in their home countries. Also, returnees who are effective brokers of knowledge bring back ideas about management practices more than they do technical knowledge. Third, returnees are more likely to become entrepreneurs if they have strong local ties to their home countries, the effect of which is stronger in countries with already high rates of self-employment. Finally, the very returnees who are most successful as knowledge brokers are also most likely to venture abroad again. These findings challenge the conventional notion of return migrants as agents of economic transformation, suggesting that many institutional challenges stand in the way of their ability to broker resources across borders.
Representative Bureaucracy Through Staff With Lived Experience: Peer Coproduction in the Field of Substance Use Disorder Treatment:

This study extends the representative bureaucracy literature by theorizing and empirically testing how staff sharing lived experience with service users can serve as user representatives in service...
On the Origins of the State: Stationary Bandits and Taxation in Eastern Congo

A positive demand shock for coltan, a mineral whose bulky output cannot be concealed, leads armed actors to create illicit customs and provide protection at coltan mines, where they settle as “stat...
Improving measurements of similarity judgments with machine-learning algorithms

Intertemporal choices involve assessing options with different reward amounts available at different time delays. The similarity approach to intertemporal choice focuses on judging how similar amounts and delays are. Yet we do not fully understand the cognitive process of how these judgments are made. Here, we use machine-learning algorithms to predict similarity judgments to (1) investigate which algorithms best predict these judgments, (2) assess which predictors are most useful in predicting participants’ judgments, and (3) determine the minimum number of judgments required to accurately predict future judgments. We applied eight algorithms to similarity judgments for reward amount and time delay made by participants in two data sets. We found that neural network, random forest, and support vector machine algorithms generated the highest out-of-sample accuracy. Though neural networks and support vector machines offer little clarity in terms of a possible process for making similarity judgments, random forest algorithms generate decision trees that can mimic the cognitive computations of human judgment making. We also found that the numerical difference between amount values or delay values was the most important predictor of these judgments, replicating previous work. Finally, the best performing algorithms such as random forest can make highly accurate predictions of judgments with relatively small sample sizes (~ 15), which will help minimize the numbers of judgments required to extrapolate to new value pairs. In summary, machine-learning algorithms provide both theoretical improvements to our understanding of the cognitive computations involved in similarity judgments and intertemporal choices as well as practical improvements in designing better ways of collecting data.