cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating Internal Family Systems and Solutions Focused Brief Therapy to Treat Survivors of Sexual Trauma

In a recent study 56% of women and 37% of men were survivors of childhood sexual abuse. These individuals who experience sexual trauma may experience depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or substance use disorders (Devlin et al., in Fam J 27(4):359–365, 2019). While there are several treatment approaches specifically developed to target trauma and its effects, (e.g., trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) we propose that integrating internal family systems therapy (IFS) and solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) offers a brief, systemic way to improve family relationship patterns in families where one member has experienced sexual trauma. A case vignette is used to show the integration of these two approaches.
The Anxiety of COVID and the Epidemic of Fear

Anxiety during an epidemic has micro and macroeconomic consequences. I capture such anxiety in a macroeconomic setting in which heterogeneous households are uncertainty averse toward both individual and aggregate health outcomes. Fear of individual infection increases precautionary savings and lowers the supply of labor by healthy households, while concern about the aggregate growth in infections raises the market price of risk and deters real investment. Since anxiety negatively correlates with wealth and health, its distortions are most severe for poor healthy households and limit fair redistribution through private insurance. The decline in real activity not only depresses capital and asset prices, it can also raise spot prices and wages through reduced competition.
Defect Characterization and Testing of Skyrmion-Based Logic Circuits

Magnetic skyrmion is an emerging digital technology that provides ultra-high integration density and requires ultralow energy. Skyrmion is a magnetic pattern behaving like a stable pseudoparticle, created by a transverse current injection in ferromagnetic thin film. The state of a logic signal is represented by the presence (logic-l) or absence (logic-0) of a single skyrmion. Patterns on ferromagnetic and metal films form interconnects, called nanotracks, through which electric currents move skyrmions. Because skyrmion-based logic gates (e.g., AND, OR, inverter, and fanout) operate through skyrmion-to-skyrmion interaction, their logic circuit implementation and manufacturing defects differ from those of CMOS circuits. We examine breaks and bridges in nanotrack interconnects, and 19 technology-specific defects in skyrmion gate structures. Simulator $Mu{\rm Max}^{3}$ is used to exhaustively simulate all circuit elements. The results help map each defect onto a fault, modeled in an equivalent logic circuit. A break in a nanotrack interconnect maps onto a single stuck-at fault. Experiments on benchmark circuits demonstrate that tests for all nanotrack breaks can be found using the available ATPG and simulation tools. Others are classified as technology-specific defects. For example, a bridge between two nanotracks results in simultaneous AND and OR functions on respective nanotracks. A variety of technology-dependent faults are identified for future research.
Adaptive Individualized Modeling From Limited Clinical Data for Precise Anemia Management

It is challenging in practice to achieve a steady-state value for external human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) dosage to be administrated to maintain Hemoglobin (Hb) level within the desired range of 11–12 g/dl based on population-based models for anemia management due to inter-and intra-variability of the patients. On the other hand, Pharmacokinetic (PK) and Pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics can vary for the patients over the course of treatment due to aging and other life changes. To address the inter-and intra-variability in anemia management, the semi-blind robust identification approach is proposed to obtain individualized patient models using limited number of clinical patient data. Semi-blind robust identification utilizes the effect of the initial condition during system identification to reduce the identification error. To reflect the patient’s true dose-response relation as time passes and ensure the suitability of the individualized model for the controller, the model (In)validation technique is discussed to provide appropriate mathematical evidence about the suitability of the individualized model for dose prediction and controller design via testing it on new clinical data of the particular patient. One-step-ahead prediction results are shown for identified individualized patient models. The individualized patient models provide decision support to the clinicians about EPO dosage to avoid undershoot or overshoot of Hb level. Minimum mean squared error (MMSE) is calculated for the predicted values obtained by the models identified using semi-blind robust identification with and without the model (In)validation against clinically acquired EPO-Hb data.
Ubiquitous Communications Infrastructures for Future Transportation Technologies

Transportation and Internet Technologies have evolved dramatically during the last decade, laying solid foundation for the future generation of the Ubiquitous Internet access, omnipresent web technologies and ultimate automated information cyberspace. As a result, the current efforts in the research and development in the areas of Future Transportation and Next Generation of Internet Technologies promotes formation of inter-disciplinary international teams of experts, scientists, researchers and engineers to create a new generation of applications and technologies that will facilitate the future transportation system. The author discusses the current state of the art in the world of Telecommunications and Internet Technologies, new technological trends directions in the application in the Future Transportation.
On dislocation pileups and stress-gradient dependent plastic flow

Abstract In strain-gradient plasticity, the length scale controlling size effect has been attributed to so-called geometrically necessary dislocations. This size dependency in plasticity can also be attributed to dislocation pileups in source-obstacle configurations. This has led to the development of stress-gradient plasticity models in the presence of stress gradients. In this work, we re-examine this pileup problem by investigating the double pileup of dislocations emitted from two sources in an inhomogeneous state of stress using both discrete dislocation dynamics and a continuum method. We developed a generalized solution for dislocation distribution with higher-order stress gradients, based on a continuum method using the Hilbert transform. We qualitatively verified the analytical solution for the spatial distribution of dislocations using the discrete dislocation dynamic. Based on these results, we developed a dislocation-based stress-gradient plasticity model, leading to an explicit expression for flow stress. Findings show that this expression depends on obstacle spacing, as in the Hall–Petch effect, as well as higher-order stress gradients. Finally, we compared the model with recently developed models and experimental results in the literature to assess the utility of this method.
The Energy Dependence of the Isospin Part of the Optical Potential

The possible energy dependence of the isospin part of the optical potential was suggested by Thurlow1 in her analysis of the (p,n) angular distributions obtained at a proton bombarding energy of 94 MeV by Langsford, et al.2 She observed that the depth of the isospin potential at 94 MeV was significantly shallower than the depth obtained from analysis of (p,n) data at lower energies. She concluded that this discrepancy could be accounted for by an energy dependence of the isospin potential. However, it was pointed out later that the shallow isospin potential at 94 MeV could be due to the poor knowledge of the optical parameters at this energy.3
Alteration of splice site selection by an exon mutation in the human glycophorin A gene.

We report the identification in human glycophorin A gene of a novel exon mutation that affects splice site selection. DNA mapping showed that the mutation has abolished a unique MspI site marking the exon III-intron 3 splice junction (ACCG/GT). Genomic sequencing confirmed the occurrence of a single G–>A transition at the terminal nucleotide position of exon III. Analysis of the mRNA composition demonstrated a partial inactivation of the altered 5' splice site as well as skipping of exons involving the alternative use of other constitutive splice sites. The full-length transcript with the cognate A change encodes a variant glycophorin with an arginine replacing a glycine at position 59 and defining the ERIK epitope, whereas the exon III-deleted transcript specifies a shorter glycophorin carrying the Sta antigen. Also identified were the misspliced mRNA species with exon I-IV and exon I-V connections generated by selection of 5' splice sites far distant from the mutated site. Although having a correct translation frame, the predicted polypeptides of such exon-skipping products were not assembled on the erythrocyte membrane probably due to the severe truncation of the signal sequence required for targeting and translocation. These observations reveal a new mechanism for antigenic diversity of human glycophorins.
Virtual Ramping of Genetic Programming Populations

Genetic Programming often uses excessive computational resources because the population size and the maximum number of generations per run are not optimized. We have developed a technique called Virtual Ramping which eliminates the need to find an optimal value for these parameters and allows GP to be applied effectively to more difficult problems. Virtual Ramping continuously increases the size of a virtual population and the number of generations without requiring additional system memory. It also allows sub-populations to evolve independently which reduces premature convergence on suboptimal solutions. Empirical experiments with problems of varying difficulty, confirm these benefits of Virtual Ramping.
The CSU face identification evaluation system: its purpose, features, and structure

The CSU Face Identification Evaluation System provides standard face recognition algorithms and standard statistical methods for comparing face recognition algorithms. The system includes standardized image pre-processing software, three distinct face recognition algorithms, analysis software to study algorithm performance, and Unix shell scripts to run standard experiments. All code is written in ANSI C. The preprocessing code replicates feature of preprocessing used in the FERET evaluations. The three algorithms provided are Principle Components Analysis (PCA), a.k.a Eigenfaces, a combined Principle Components Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis algorithm (PCA+LDA), and a Bayesian Intrapersonal/Extrapersonal Classifier (BIC). The PCA+LDA and BIC algorithms are based upon algorithms used in the FERET study contributed by the University of Maryland and MIT respectively. There are two analysis. The first takes as input a set of probe images, a set of gallery images, and similarity matrix produced by one of the three algorithms. It generates a Cumulative Match Curve of recognition rate versus recognition rank. The second analysis tool generates a sample probability distribution for recognition rate at recognition rank 1, 2, etc. It takes as input multiple images per subject, and uses Monte Carlo sampling in the space of possible probe and gallery choices. This procedure will, among other things, add standard error bars to a Cumulative Match Curve. The System is available through our website and we hope it will be used by others to rigorously compare novel face identification algorithms to standard algorithms using a common implementation and known comparison techniques.
Organogenesis in plants: initiation and elaboration of leaves

Plant organs initiate from meristems and grow into diverse forms. After initiation, organs enter a morphological phase where they develop their shape, followed by differentiation into mature tissue. Investigations into these processes have revealed numerous factors necessary for proper development, including transcription factors such as the KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) genes, the hormone auxin, and miRNAs. Importantly, these factors have been shown to play a role in organogenesis in various diverse model species, revealing both deep conservation of regulatory strategies and evolutionary novelties that led to new plant forms. We review here recent work in understanding the regulation of organogenesis and in particular leaf formation, highlighting how regulatory modules are often redeployed in different organ types and stages of development to achieve diverse forms through the balance of growth and differentiation.
Global Analysis of Factors Affecting the Outcome of Freshwater Fish Introductions

As humans move species around the globe, biotic homogenization decreases diversity. It is therefore crucial to understand factors influencing invasion success at a global scale. I analyzed factors predicting establishment of freshwater fishes transferred internationally, based on 1424 cases of first introductions from one country to another as reported in FishBase, an encyclopedic database of finfish biology. I used multiple logistic regression to explore four classes of predictor variables: species traits, environmental traits, match between species and environment, and propagule pressure. The best regression model, selected by Akaike's information criterion, included four factors that explained variation in establishment of 789 cases for which complete information was available. Establishment was higher for fishes in families with small body size and for omnivores. Establishment rose with endemism of the recipient country's fish fauna. Species were more likely to establish when humans intended their establishment (384/506 = 76%) rather than when fish were cultivated or used with no explicit desire for naturalization (524/918 = 57%). Three factors proved unrelated to establishment: latitudinal difference between countries of origin and introduction, native species richness of the recipient country (adjusted for area), and date of first introduction. Classification-tree analysis correctly classified (success vs. failure) 60% of 789 cases, based on the same predictor variables as in multiple logistic regression. My significant results reinforce current ideas that invasion risk is high for rapidly reproducing, generalist species introduced into isolated environments. The success of intentional introductions implies that higher propagule pressure generates riskier invasions. Both models were tested by applying them to 445 cases not used for model development. With the regression model, invasion fate was correctly predicted for low-risk (only 40% established) and high-risk (90% established) introductions. With the classification tree, 67% were correctly classified. These analyses could be used to guide quantitative risk assessment of future international transfers of freshwater fishes. The overall high rate of establishment (64%) and strong influence of propagule pressure, however, suggest that few planned introductions of freshwater fishes have low establishment risk.
A Dynamical Analysis of the Poor Galaxy Clusters A2626 and A2440

We use 189 new radial velocities, an $R$ band CCD mosiac, archival X-ray images, and gas temperatures to study substructure, masses, luminosity functions, and mass-to-light ratios in A2626 and A2440. The symmetric X-ray emission from A2626 suggests a relaxed, single-component system; however, 159 redshifts reveals a complex, three component cluster at cz~17,500km/s. One components is a typical X-ray bright cluster, a second has a cluster-like galaxy population with lower central galaxy and gas density, and the third is a background structure with field galaxy composition. A comparison of the magnitude distributions within the two subclusters suggests that A2626 is a merger in progress. Virial masses and a composite luminosity function for a region with projected radius r=1.5h^{-1}Mpc yield a mass to light ratio M/L_R~610h. Analysis of the X-ray emission from the primary component yields a gas mass fraction of 2.2h^{-3/2}% and a baryon fraction of 3.4%. A radial infall model implies that the virial mass may be an underestimate. In A2440, deep CCD $R$ band photometry indicates a striking correspondence between the galaxy and gas distributions. The galaxy distribution has three main components, each associated with a giant elliptical galaxy. The two larger peaks in the galaxy distribution coincide with the primary peaks in the X-ray emission, and the third is associated with a significant X-ray surface brightness enhancement. We use this galaxy-gas correspondence and 48 redshifts to argue that the subclusters are bound within a single system, and that the two primary components are beginning to merge. The composite luminosity function and estimates of the subcluster virial masses indicate a mass-to-light ratio from 660h to 880h.
Activation of EphA2 kinase suppresses integrin function and causes focal-adhesion-kinase dephosphorylation

Interactions between receptor tyrosine kinases of the Eph family and their ligands, ephrins, are implicated in establishment of organ boundaries and repulsive guidance of cell migration during development, but the mechanisms by which this is achieved are unclear. Here we show that activation of endogenous EphA2 kinase induces an inactive conformation of integrins and inhibits cell spreading, migration and integrin-mediated adhesion. Moreover, EphA2 is constitutively associated with focal-adhesion kinase (FAK) in resting cells. Within one minute after stimulation of EphA2 with its ligand, ephrin-A1, the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is recruited to EphA2; this is followed by dephosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, and dissociation of the FAK-EphA2 complex. We conclude that Eph kinases mediate some of their functions by negatively regulating integrins and FAK.
Elevated curdlan production by a mutant of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749

A mutant strain of the curdlan-producing bacterium Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749, isolated by ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis and resistance to ampicillin, was capable of elevated curdlan synthesis. Using 2.5% corn syrup, glucose or maltose as a carbon source, the mutant strain was shown to produce a 1.5-fold, 1.5-fold or 1.5-fold higher level of curdlan, respectively, than its parent strain after 120 h of growth. The mutant strain produced higher curdlan levels after 96 or 120 h of growth on glucose or maltose as a carbon source than it did on corn syrup. Biomass production by the mutant strain grown on the carbon sources studied was slightly elevated compared to its parent strain. It was concluded that the elevated curdlan production observed for the mutant strain grown on corn syrup or glucose was not due to an increase in biomass production. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interactions in cytochrome oxidase: functions and structure.

Mitochondrial cytochromec oxidase is an exceedingly complex multistructural and multifunctional membranous enzyme. In this review, we will provide an overview of the many interactions of cytochrome oxidase, stressing developments not covered by the excellent monograph of Wikstrom, Krab, and Saraste (1981), and continuing into early 1983. First we describe its functions (both in the nominal sense, as a transporter of electrons between cytochromec and oxygen, and in its role in energy transduction). Then we describe its structure, emphasizing the protein (its structure as a whole, the number and stoichiometry of its subunits, their biosynthetic origin, and their interactions with each other, with other components of the enzyme complex, and with the membrane as a whole). Finally, we present a model in which the protein conformation serves as the focus for the dynamic interaction of its two major functions.
Phase Behavior of Partially Miscible Blends of Linear and Branched Polyethylenes

Miscibility of Ziegler−Natta catalyzed high density polyethylene (HDPE) of broad molecular weight distribution with a homogeneous ethylene−octene copolymer (EO) of relatively narrow molecular weight distribution was studied as a function of constituent molecular weight and comonomer content. Blends were rapidly quenched from the melt to retain the phase morphology, and the phase volume fractions were obtained from AFM images. A homogeneous ethylene−octene copolymer with 5.3 mol % comonomer was completely miscible with high-density polyethylene, whereas copolymers with 8.5 and 12.3 mol % comonomer demonstrated a blend composition window for partial miscibility as indicated by phase volume fractions different from blend volume fractions. The temperature dependence of blend morphology confirmed the UCST behavior of EO/HDPE blends. The phase composition and the χ interaction parameter were extracted by using an approach that considered the molecular weight distribution. The solubility parameters obtained from...
Willingness to Foster Children with Emotional or Behavioral Problems

ABSTRACT There is a large and growing number of children in family foster care with emotional or behavioral problems, but fewer families are willing to foster such children. We know virtually nothing about families who are willing to foster such children. This longitudinal study of 142 foster family applicants found that most families were at least willing to discuss fostering children with most kinds of problems. Children who set fires, behave destructively, or act out sexually were the least acceptable. In general, families with more resources were more willing to foster children with emotional or behavioral problems. Also, families who were more willing to foster such children were more likely to have children placed fourteen months after pre-service training. These results have important implications for recruiting, training, and providing support and services to foster families.
A model of reduced oxidation kinetics using constituents and species: Iso-octane and its mixtures with n-pentane, iso-hexane and n-heptane

A previously described methodology for deriving a reduced kinetic mechanism for alkane oxidation and tested for n-heptane is here shown to be valid, in a slightly modified version, for iso-octane and its mixtures with n-pentane, iso-hexane and n-heptane. The model is still based on partitioning the species into lights, defined as those having a carbon number smaller than 3, and heavies, which are the complement in the species ensemble, and mathematically decomposing the heavy species into constituents which are radicals. For the same similarity variable found from examining the n-heptane LLNL mechanism in conjunction with CHEMKIN II, the appropriately scaled total constituent molar density still exhibits a self-similar behavior over a very wide range of equivalence ratios, initial pressures and initial temperatures in the cold ignition regime. When extended to larger initial temperatures than for cold ignition, the self-similar behavior becomes initial temperature dependent, which indicates that rather than using functional fits for the enthalpy generation due to the heavy species' oxidation, an ideal model based on tabular information extracted from the complete LLNL kinetics should be used instead. Similarly to n-heptane, the oxygen and water molar densities are shown to display a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the similaritymore » variable, but here their slope variation is no longer fitted and instead, their rate equations are used with the ideal model to calculate them. As in the original model, the light species ensemble is partitioned into quasi-steady and unsteady species; the quasi-steady light species mole fractions are computed using the ideal model and the unsteady species are calculated as progress variables using rates extracted from the ideal model. Results are presented comparing the performance of the model with that of the LLNL mechanism using CHEMKIN II. The model reproduces excellently the temperature and species evolution versus time or versus the similarity variable, with the exception of very rich mixtures, where the predictions are still very good but the multivalued aspect of these functions at the end of oxidation is not captured in the reduction. The ignition time is predicted within percentages of the LLNL values over a wide range of equivalence ratios, initial pressures and initial temperatures. (author)« less
Interpersonal problems of persons with personality disorders and group outcomes.

Abstract This article examines the interpersonal problems of 42 persons referred for brief group treatment at a community mental health center. Measures of symptom severity, self-esteem, and interpersonal problems were administered pre- and posttreatment. Study participants' scores were analyzed to determine possible differences in the interpersonal problems experienced by those diagnosed with personality disorders and those without them. Results revealed that both groups improved significantly on the overall measure of symptom severity. Findings further revealed that self-esteem improved significantly more for those diagnosed with personality disorders. Analysis of interpersonal problems scores revealed differences between the two groups in the areas of support and involvement prior to treatment, but not after. Possible explanations for these differences and implications for treatment are discussed.
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers: A potential resource for studies in plant molecular biology1

In the past few decades, many investigations in the field of plant biology have employed selectively neutral, multilocus, dominant markers such as inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to address hypotheses at lower taxonomic levels. More recently, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers have been developed, which are used to amplify coding regions of DNA with primers targeting open reading frames. These markers have proven to be robust and highly variable, on par with AFLP, and are attained through a significantly less technically demanding process. SRAP markers have been used primarily for agronomic and horticultural purposes, developing quantitative trait loci in advanced hybrids and assessing genetic diversity of large germplasm collections. Here, we suggest that SRAP markers should be employed for research addressing hypotheses in plant systematics, biogeography, conservation, ecology, and beyond. We provide an overview of the SRAP literature to date, review descriptive statistics of SRAP markers in a subset of 171 publications, and present relevant case studies to demonstrate the applicability of SRAP markers to the diverse field of plant biology. Results of these selected works indicate that SRAP markers have the potential to enhance the current suite of molecular tools in a diversity of fields by providing an easy-to-use, highly variable marker with inherent biological significance.
Correspondence between two-dimensional bosons and a bulk superconductor in a magnetic field

We study the partition function of 2D lattice bosons at T = 0 and derive a dual representation which is isomorphic to a bulk superconductor with fluctuating-gauge field, in an applied magnetic field. This allows us to relate boson ground states to thermodynamic phases of the superconductor. A density-wave bose insulator corresponds to an Abrikosov flux-lattice phase, whereas boson superfluidity implies a nonsuperconducting flux-line liquid phase. By analogy with a boson supersolid, we suggest the possibility of an exotic Abrikosov flux-lattice phase with no superconducting long-ranged order.
Inkjet-printed silver conductors using silver nitrate ink and their electrical contacts with conducting polymers

This paper presents a low-cost and direct-writing silver metallization process based on drop-on-demand inkjet printing technique. Silver nitrate dissolved in the mixture of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a metal precursor for metallization. The fabricated silver films on polyimide substrate were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrical measurements. The experimental results show that the inkjet-printed silver tracks have well-defined shapes. The resistivity of the printed silver tracks is around 1.5×10−5 Ω·cm, one order of magnitude larger than that of bulk silver, which is attributed to the porosities as well as the residual impurities. Two conducting polymers (CP), sulfonated polyaniline (SPANi) and poly(ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), were inkjet-printed on the surface of the silver tracks to study electrical properties of the Ag–polymer contacts. The current–voltage measurement results show that the printed Ag–PEDOT/PSS and Ag–SPANi contacts exhibit ‘ohmic’ behavior.
Perioperative complications in a patient with sickle cell disease following penetrating trauma

A 26-year-old male with documented SCD (Hgb SS)presentedtotheEmergencyDepartmentwithmulti-ple gun shot wounds. The patient had bullet woundsintheleftlowerquadrantandtheleftﬂankaswellastwo wounds to the left upper extremity (with anobvious deformity) and a single wound to the rightlower extremity (with the bullet palpable in thesubcutaneous tissue). The patient was in distress,tachycardic, diaphoretic with a rigid abdomen. Achest roentegram was reported as being normal,followingwhich,anexploratorylaparotomywasper-formed. Findings at laparotomy were four perforat-ing small bowel injuries with a small serosal tear inthe left colon. A small bowel resection (including allfour injuries and comprising of 50 cm of proximalileum)withprimaryanastomosiswasperformed.Thecolonic serosal injury was also oversewn. Total esti-mated blood loss was 300 cm
Foreword to the Special Issue on the 2008 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'08)

The 29 papers in this special issue were originally presented at the 2008 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'08), held from July 6 to 11 in Boston, MA.
Developmental changes in the phenomenology of depression in girls compared to boys from childhood onward

Abstract Background: Although it is well documented that teenage girls are at increased risk for depression, little is known about the importance of sex and development subsequent to onset of depression. In this article, we therefore report on sex differences in the developmental phenomenology of depression in a clinical sample. Methods: Longitudinal analyses were used to examine changes in the risk of depression, patterns of comorbid diagnoses, and depressive symptoms from ages 8–13 years up to young adulthood (age 21) among 87 patients. Results: Girls and boys were at similar risk for recurrent depression during follow-up. As girls got older, they had higher rates of comorbid eating disorders and lower rates of externalizing and substance use disorders than did boys; high risk periods for comorbid conditions also differed by sex. Comorbid disorders were usually contemporaneous with depression among girls but not among boys, and comorbidity patterns were influenced by age at depression onset. Girls with earlier (compared to later) onset depression were at lower risk for nonaffective disorders; boys evidenced the opposite pattern and were at particularly high risk for substance use disorders. There also were sex differences in developmental symptom patterns. Limitations: Results based on this initially clinically referred sample may not generalize to youths in other settings. Conclusions: Among depressed youths, sex-associated developmental trajectories in comorbid disorders and depressive symptoms have implications for intervention. Such information may help identify optimal timing of efforts to reduce the risk of or to treat comorbid disorders, and help select developmentally appropriate target symptoms for girls versus boys.
Estimation of periodontal ligament's equivalent mechanical parameters for finite element modeling

Introduction Young’s modulus (E) and Poisson’s ratio (v) of the periodontal ligament are needed in a finite element analysis for investigating the biomechanical behavior of a tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex. However, large discrepancies in E (0.01-1,750 MPa) and v (0.28-0.49) were reported previously. The objective of this study was to narrow the ranges and to provide equivalent E and v pairs suitable for finite element modeling of a tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex by using a reported crown load-displacement relationship as the criterion. Methods A 3-dimensional finite element model of a 3-tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex, consisting of a maxillary central incisor with 2 adjacent teeth, from a cone-beam computed tomography scan was created. The dimensions, constraints, and loading condition were kept similar to those reported in the human study. With the load applied to the crown, both v and E were adjusted independently, and the corresponding crown displacements were calculated. The resulting load-displacement curves were compared with those reported in the human study. The mean absolute displacement difference method was used to find the best fit. The E and v pairs that generated the minimum mean absolute displacement difference were identified. Results The finite element model with 1 of the 3 E and v pairs (v = 0.35, E = 0.87 MPa; v = 0.4, E = 0.71 MPa; and v = 0.45, E = 0.47 MPa) simulated the tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex well. The mean absolute displacement differences were 0.0135, 0.0138, and 0.0138 mm, respectively; these are less than 8% of 0.175 mm, which was the crown displacement of the tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex under the load of 500 cN. Conclusions The E and v values close to the 3 pairs might be used for finite element modeling of the tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex.
Measurement of polarized quark distributions at HERMES

Preliminary results for inclusive and semi-inclusive hadron asymmetries are presented for 3He and 1H targets, measured in 1995 and 1996 at the HERMES experiment. Under the assumption of spin-independent fragmentation, these asymmetries may be used to extract the polarizations of individual quark flavors. The extraction requires a knowledge of unpolarized parton distributions, an understanding of the fragmentation process, a precise description of the HERMES spectrometer, and an assumption about the sea polarization. Preliminary results for the uv, dv, and averaged sea quark polizations are presented.
Fluid and Electrolyte Management and Blood Product Usage

Traditionally, the majority of oral and maxillofacial surgery patients are young and healthy. With the ever-expanding scope of the specialty, however, more surgically extensive procedures increasingly are being performed on more medically complex patients. To optimize comprehensive patient care, oral and maxillofacial surgeons are obligated to possess a firm knowledge of the basic principles of fluid management and use a sound strategy for blood product usage.
Short‐term variability in isotopic composition of precipitation: A case study from the Midwestern United States

Oxygen and deuterium isotopes in precipitation were analysed to define local isotopic trends in Iowa, US. The area is far inland from an oceanic source and the observed averages of δ18O and δ D are − 6·43‰ and − 41·35‰ for Ames, − 7·53‰ and − 51·33‰ for Cedar Falls, and − 6·01‰ and − 38·19‰ for Iowa City, respectively. Although these data generally follow global trends, they are different when compared to a semi-arid mid-continental location in North Platt, Nebraska. The local meteoric water lines of Iowa are δ D = 7·68 δ18O + 8·0 for Ames, δ D = 7·62 δ18O + 6·07 for Cedar Falls, and δ D = 7·78 δ18O + 8·61 for Iowa City. The current Iowa study compares well with a study conducted in Ames, Iowa, 10 years earlier. The differences between Iowa and Nebraska studies are attributed to a variable climate across the northern Great Plains ranging from sub-humid in the east to semi-arid in the west. Iowa being further east in the region is more strongly influenced by a moist sub-humid to humid climate fed by the tropical air stream from the Gulf of Mexico. The average d-excess values are 10·06‰ for Ames, 8·92‰ for Cedar Falls and 9·92‰ for Iowa City. Eighty seven percent of the samples are within the global d-excess range of 0‰ and 20‰. The results are similar to previous studies, including those by National Atmospheric Deposition Programs and International Atomic Energy Agency. It appears that the impact of recycled water or secondary evaporation on δ18O values of area precipitation is minimal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventing central-line-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric specialized care units: A case study of successful quality improvement

Abstract Central line associated bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care units extend the intensive care unit length of stay and increase the cost of hospitalization. These infections, once thought to be an accepted complication of central vascular access, are now known to be preventable. Despite using hand hygiene, full barrier protection, and proper skin disinfection with 70% isopropyl alcohol/20% chlorhexidine gluconate for pediatric central venous catheter insertion, our catheter associated bloodstream infection rate remained high. We instituted a new practice involving scrubbing the catheter hub and performing dressing changes with 70% isopropyl alcohol/20% chlorhexidine gluconate in a combined pediatric intensive care and pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. We removed alternative products from the bedside thereby making it easier for the staff to follow procedure and reducing the need for training and monitoring. This change reduced our catheter associated bloodstream infection rate from 7.1 episodes per 1000 line days to 1.5 episodes per 1000 line days. We describe the barriers we encountered in instituting this practice change, evaluating the impact of the change with limited resources, and in eventually implementing the change in other units system-wide. The most commonly encountered obstacle to change was not a lack of resources, but the insistence by the medical staff that the incidence of these infections was a result of differences in patient populations and not differences in compliance with standardized procedure.
Radiative corrections for H --> ZZ in the standard model

Abstract An analytic expression for the one-loop radiative corrections to the HZZ vertex is derived within the minimal standard model of electroweak interactions. The influence of a fourth generation of heavy fermions is investigated. Approximation formulae are presented for the contribution from light fermions and for the case that the Higgs boson is heavy as compared to the weak vector bosons. These results are used to study the Higgs-boson decay mode H → ZZ in the modified on-mass-shell scheme. The partial decay width may be enhanced by up to 15%, if the masses oof both the Higgs boson and the top quark assume values close to their theoretical upper bounds.
Interaction of lipogenic substrates in porcine adipose tissue in vitro.

Abstract 1. 1. Porcine adipose tissue was incubated with radiolabeled glucose, acetate or lactate. Saturation curves indicated that lactate > glucose > acetate in providing two-carbon units for fatty-acid synthesis. 2. 2. Competition between individual substrates indicated that lactate was the best lipogenic substrate. 3. 3. Incubation of all three substrates at concentrations observable in serum indicated that at 5.56mM, glucose was the preferred lipogenic substrate in the presence of 0.1 mM acetate and 1.0 mM lactate. 4. 4. At elevated concentrations (18.52mM glucose, 1.0 mM acetate and 10.0 mM lactate), acetate and lactate were preferred to glucose as lipogenic substrates.
VASOACTIVE INOTROPIC SCORE (VIS) IS ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOME AFTER INFANT CARDIAC SURGERY: A REPORT OF THE PEDIATRIC CARDIAC CRITICAL CARE CONSORTIUM (PC4)

Few empirically-derived markers of illness severity exist for pediatric cardiac surgical patients. Vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), a measure of post-operative cardiovascular support, has been associated with morbidity and mortality after infant cardiac surgery in prior single center studies. We
Dense solar wind cloud geometries deduced from comparisons of radio signal delay and in situ plasma measurements

The geometries of dense solar wind clouds are estimated by comparing single-location measurements of the solar wind plasma with the average of the electron density obtained by radio signal delay measurements along a radio path between earth and interplanetary spacecraft. Several of these geometries agree with the current theoretical spatial models of flare-induced shock waves. A new class of spatially limited structures that contain regions with densities greater than any observed in the broad clouds is identified. The extent of a cloud was found to be approximately inversely proportional to its density.
Telomeres and age-related disease: how telomere biology informs clinical paradigms

Telomere length shortens with age and predicts the onset of replicative senescence. Recently, short telomeres have been linked to the etiology of degenerative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bone marrow failure, and cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. These disorders have recognizable clinical manifestations, and the telomere defect explains their genetics and informs the approach to their treatment. Here, I review how telomere biology has become intimately connected to clinical paradigms both for understanding pathophysiology and for individualizing therapy decisions. I also critically examine nuances of interpreting telomere length measurement in clinical studies.
Transposable element distribution, abundance and role in genome size variation in the genus Oryza

The genus Oryza is composed of 10 distinct genome types, 6 diploid and 4 polyploid, and includes the world's most important food crop – rice (Oryza sativa [AA]). Genome size variation in the Oryza is more than 3-fold and ranges from 357 Mbp in Oryza glaberrima [AA] to 1283 Mbp in the polyploid Oryza ridleyi [HHJJ]. Because repetitive elements are known to play a significant role in genome size variation, we constructed random sheared small insert genomic libraries from 12 representative Oryza species and conducted a comprehensive study of the repetitive element composition, distribution and phylogeny in this genus. Particular attention was paid to the role played by the most important classes of transposable elements (Long Terminal Repeats Retrotransposons, Long interspersed Nuclear Elements, helitrons, DNA transposable elements) in shaping these genomes and in their contributing to genome size variation. We identified the elements primarily responsible for the most strikingly genome size variation in Oryza. We demonstrated how Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposons belonging to the same families have proliferated to very different extents in various species. We also showed that the pool of Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposons is substantially conserved and ubiquitous throughout the Oryza and so its origin is ancient and its existence predates the speciation events that originated the genus. Finally we described the peculiar behavior of repeats in the species Oryza coarctata [HHKK] whose placement in the Oryza genus is controversial. Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposons are the major component of the Oryza genomes analyzed and, along with polyploidization, are the most important contributors to the genome size variation across the Oryza genus. Two families of Ty3-gypsy elements (RIRE2 and Atlantys) account for a significant portion of the genome size variations present in the Oryza genus.
PCR as a diagnostic tool for brucellosis

Numerous PCR-based assays have been developed for the identification of Brucella to improve diagnostic capabilities. Collectively, the repertoire of assays addresses several aspects of the diagnostic process. For some purposes, the simple identification of Brucella is adequate (e.g. diagnosis of human brucellosis or contamination of food products). In these cases, a genus-specific PCR assay is sufficient. Genus-specific assays tend to be simple, robust, and somewhat permissive of environmental influences. The main genetic targets utilized for these applications are the Brucella BCSP31 gene and the 16S-23S rRNA operon. Other instances require identification of the Brucella species involved. For example, most government-sponsored brucellosis eradication programs include regulations that stipulate a species-specific response. For epidemiological trace back, strain-specific identification is helpful. Typically, differential PCR-based assays tend to be more complex and consequently more difficult to perform. Several strategies have been explored to differentiate among Brucella species and strains, including locus specific multiplexing (e.g. AMOS-PCR based on IS711), PCR-RFLP (e.g. the omp2 locus), arbitrary-primed PCR, and ERIC-PCR to name a few. This paper reviews some of the major advancements in molecular diagnostics for Brucella including the development of procedures designed for the direct analysis of a variety of clinical samples. While the progress to date is impressive, there is still room for improvement.
Radiosensitivity and the ascorbic acid electron spin resonance doublet

Abstract Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies at 8 G modulation of X-ray irradiated biological tissue have revealed a narrow absorption signal in radiation sensitive tissues which rises sharply at the onset of X-ray irradiation and decays rapidly after the termination of X-ray irradiation (Kenny, P. and Commoner, B. (1969) Nature 223, 1229–1233). This absorption is attributed to the ascorbic acid radical after examination of ESR spectra obtained at 1 G modulation. The observation of the ascorbic acid radical is associated with radiation sensitive tissues such as normal testis and thymus as well as tumorous liver but not with radiation-resistant normal liver.
The Occurrence and Morphology of a Lateral Metatarsal Splint Bone in Moose (Alces alces)

Moose (Alces alces) appear to be different from most other cervids in that a well-developed metatarsal splint bone is present. It is found apposed to the plantolateral portion of the cannon bone in over 70 % of adults. It averages 3.3 mm in width and extends about 22% of the total length of the metatarsal. It may be derived through calcification of connective tissue or by elongation of the vestigial metatarsal V. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cell wall glycoproteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardii are sulphated

Both the two major structural cell wall glycoproteins and the soluble excreted glycoproteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardii Levine WT II/32 contain low levels (approx. 1–4%) of sugar O-sulphate esters, asymmetrically distributed within the molecules. Preliminary characterization of their structure is described through [35S] sulphate labelling experiments. The function of the sulphated glycoproteins is discussed in terms of their structural role and their water retaining properties.
Structural Deformations as an Indicator of Fire Origin

AbstractCurrent methodologies of fire origin investigation have yet to include the structural deformations witnessed in steel buildings as a viable indicator of the area of fire origin. In this paper, the validity of using such a technique for fire investigation has been assessed. A series of full-scale burn tests was conducted to validate the proposed methodology. Although it did not turn out that the greatest magnitude of deflection was always indicative of the precise area of origin, the tests have shown that the deflections can be used as important indicators of the area of origin.