cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2500: The pivotal role of p53 in doxorubicin-induced acute versus chronic cardiotoxicity

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer chemotherapeutic which also induces acute and chronic cardiotoxicities. Inhibition of p53 activity is cardioprotective against acute cardiotoxicity in adult mice receiving high doses of DOX. However, functional p53 also reduces DOX-induced mitochondrial DNA oxidation. To explain these paradoxical results, we examined the role of p53 in DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity with a clinically relevant juvenile mouse model. Methods: Two week old MHC-CB7 mice (which express dominant-interfering p53 in cardiomyocytes, CMs) and their non-transgenic (NON-TXG) littermates were given weekly DOX injections for 5 weeks (25 mg/kg total dose). Animals were studied 1 week (acute stage) or 13 weeks (late stage) after the last DOX injection. Cardiac function was measured with echocardiography. CM apoptosis was quantified using anti-active caspase-3 staining. The level of p53, Akt (an anti-apoptotic protein), and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM, a marker for DNA-damage response) was measured by western blot using whole cell and mitochondrial fractions. Results: During acute stage, left ventricular (LV) systolic function was preserved (Fractional Shortening, FS, 58 ± 2.0% vs. 45 ± 1.3%, p 0.05). CM apoptosis was elevated in MHC-CB7 mice as compared to NON-TXG mice (0.076 ± 0.007 mm2 vs. 0.042 ± 0.008 mm2, p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2500. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2500
Gravitational wave detection with optical lattice atomic clocks

We propose a space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector consisting of two spatially separated, drag-free satellites sharing ultrastable optical laser light over a single baseline. Each satellite contains an optical lattice atomic clock, which serves as a sensitive, narrowband detector of the local frequency of the shared laser light. A synchronized two-clock comparison between the satellites will be sensitive to the effective Doppler shifts induced by incident GWs at a level competitive with other proposed space-based GW detectors, while providing complementary features. The detected signal is a differential frequency shift of the shared laser light due to the relative velocity of the satellites, and the detection window can be tuned through the control sequence applied to the atoms' internal states. This scheme enables the detection of GWs from continuous, spectrally narrow sources, such as compact binary inspirals, with frequencies ranging from $\ensuremath{\sim}3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mHz}--10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$ without loss of sensitivity, thereby bridging the detection gap between space-based and terrestrial optical interferometric GW detectors. Our proposed GW detector employs just two satellites, is compatible with integration with an optical interferometric detector, and requires only realistic improvements to existing ground-based clock and laser technologies.
Adolescent Sexual Experiences

The initiation of romantic and sexual relationships during adolescence is a normative and integral part of adolescent identity development. In the United States, the overwhelming majority of young people have romantic relationships (Carver et al. 2003) and initiate sexual activity during their high school years (Guttmacher Institute 2011); this trend has continued for decades (Finer 2007). American adult attitudes toward adolescent sexual behavior, however, continue to be characterized by fear, concern, and a focus on risk (Russell 2005; Schalet 2004), as evidenced by debates surrounding sex education in schools. Similarly, research on adolescent sexuality is largely focused on preventing sexual risk-taking and negative sexual outcomes, especially in the area of demography (Tolman and McClelland 2011). For example, sexual initiation is often characterized as a problem behavior, and the focus is overwhelmingly on contraceptive use, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy.
Improving Predictions with Reliable Extrapolation Schemes and Better Understanding of Factorization

We investigate two distinct sources of uncertainty in low-energy nuclear physics calculations and develop ways to account for them. Harmonic oscillator basis expansions are widely used in ab-initio nuclear structure calculations. Finite computational resources usually require that the basis be truncated before observables are fully converged, necessitating reliable extrapolation schemes. We show that a finite oscillator basis effectively imposes a hard-wall boundary condition. We accurately determine the position of the hard-wall as a function of oscillator space parameters, derive extrapolation formulas for the energy and other observables, and discuss the extension of this approach to higher angular momentum. Nucleon knockout reactions have been widely used to study and understand nuclear properties. Such an analysis implicitly assumes that the effects of the probe can be separated from the physics of the target nucleus. This factorization between nuclear structure and reaction components depends on the renormalization scale and scheme, and has not been well understood. But it is potentially critical for interpreting experiments and for extracting process-independent nuclear properties. We use similarity renormalization group (SRG) transformations to systematically study the scale dependence of factorization for the simplest knockout process of deuteron electrodisintegration. We find that the extent of scale dependence depends strongly on kinematics, but in a systematic way. Based on examination of the relevant overlap matrix elements, we are able to qualitatively explain and even predict the nature of scale dependence based on the kinematics under consideration.
Treatment Duration for Absence Epilepsy

The effects of 6 months of treatment followed by a 5- to 6-week withdrawal period of ethosuximide (ESM) in 3 children, ages 5, 10, and 10 years, with new onset absence epilepsy are reported from the Departments of Neurology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, and the Division of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York.
Evaluating Visualization Sets: Trade-offs Between Local Effectiveness and Global Consistency

Evaluation criteria like expressiveness and effectiveness favor optimal use of space and visual encoding channels in a single visualization. However, individually optimized views may be inconsistent with one another when presented as a set in rec-ommender systems and narrative visualizations. For example, two visualizations might use very similar color palettes for different data fields, or they might render the same field but in different scales. These inconsistencies in visualization sets can cause interpretation errors and increase the cognitive load on viewers trying to analyze a set of visualizations. We propose two high-level principles for evaluating visualization set consistency: (1) the same fields should be presented in the same way, (2) different fields should be presented differently. These two principles are operationalized as a set of constraints for common visual encoding channels (x, y, color, size, and shape) to enable automated visualization set evaluation. To balance global (visualization set) consistency and local (single visualization) effectiveness, trade-offs in space and visual encodings have to be made. We devise an effectiveness preservation score to guide the selection of which conflicts to surface and potentially revise for sets of quantitative and ordinal encodings and a palette resource allocation mechanism for nominal encodings.
A Serine Protease Activity Is Induced by G-CSF and Degrades Stat5 Proteins in Myeloid Cells.

Abstract Granulocytic progenitor cells become progressively less capable of proliferation and survival with terminal differentiation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the major regulator of granulopoiesis and stimulates the activation of multiple signaling pathways including the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) pathway. Little is known about the activation status of G-CSF-stimulated signaling pathways at the distinct stages of granulocytic differentiation. When myeloid 32D cells transfected with the G-CSF receptor were induced to differentiate with G-CSF, Stat5 activation in response to G-CSF was gradually attenuated. Activation of other signaling molecules including Stat1, Stat3, Erk1/2, JNK and p38 was not altered significantly. Stat5 activation was also downregulated in multipotent FDCP-mix cells, which differentiated into mature granulocytes upon induction with G-CSF, but not in pro-B BaF/3 transfected with the G-CSF receptor, which showed no terminal granulocytic differentiation in response to G-CSF, suggesting that the effect of G-CSF is cell type specific. Attenuated activation of Stat5 correlated with reduced Stat5 protein levels, which was associated with expression of a protease activity capable of degrading Stat5 protein in vitro. The Stat5 protease activity was upregulated when myeloid cells were induced to differentiate with G-CSF, but its upregulation by G-CSF was blocked upon expression of leukemogenic proteins Bcr-Abl and Tel-Jak2. The activity of the Stat5 protease was inhibited partially by PMSF and completely by a1-antitrypsin, suggesting that it belongs to the serine family of protease. Our data provide the first evidence that a Stat5 protease activity is upregulated by G-CSF and may have important implications for understanding the molecular mechanism by which G-CSF orchestrates granulopoiesis.
Electroproduction of single pions at low epsilon and a measurement of the pion form-factor up to $q^2$ = 10-GeV$^2$

We report measurements of the electroproduction of single charged pions from hydrogen and deuterium targets for values of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ in the range $0.35l\ensuremath{\epsilon}l0.45$. Data were taken with a hydrogen target at the ($W, {Q}^{2}$) points (2.15 GeV, 1.2 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$), (2.65, 2.0), (2.65, 3.4), (2.65, 6.0), and (2.65, 10.0). Data were taken with a deuterium target at the ($W, {Q}^{2}$) points (2.15, 1.2) and (2.65, 2.0). The transverse cross section obtained by using these data in conjunction with earlier data at high $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ to separate the longitudinal and transverse components is used in conjunction with the new data and the $t$-channel Born term to determine the pion form factor and to re-evaluate previously reported measurements. In the range $0.15 \mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{2}l{Q}^{2}l10.0 \mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ the pion form factor can be described by the simple pole form ${[1+\frac{{Q}^{2}}{(0.462\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.024)}]}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
A distributed cooperative load control approach for ancillary services in smart grid

In this work, we propose a distributed cooperative control approach to enable autonomous load control for ancillary services. Controllable loads (CL) (which include heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) units and electric vehicles (EV)) may have heterogeneous dynamics and different operational constraints, but they can be controlled through a local network to provide for fast and efficient ancillary services such as frequency regulation. On a higher level, a real time power flow is solved in the network by sensing local frequency deviation to obtain a reference signal for power injection at each node. Using this signal, a fair power consumption ratio is calculated accordingly and all the controllable loads obtain a consensus that corresponds to frequency stabilization. A distributed leader-follower cooperative load control algorithm is developed for the CLs to contribute equitably towards frequency stabilization. The controllable loads and smart sensing nodes exchange minimum information through their local communication network and converge on the power consumption ratio at steady state, thus maintaining system stability and obtaining the nominal frequency. The time evolution of the loads due to control action is also investigated and analytical results are illustrated through simulations.
Intercostal artery aneurysm associated with coarctation of the aorta: specific finding on MR imaging

Aneurysm formation has been described in association with aortic coarctation in approximately 10% of patients. The incidence increases with age and reaches 42% in patients over 40 years of age. To our knowledge, only six radiologic reports have described aortic coarctation in association with an intercostal artery aneurysm and none of these reports has described an intercostal artery entering the aneurysm. We present a case in which MR imaging helped identify this unusual abnormality.
Social Capital, Health and Mental Health in African American Women

SOCIAL CAPITAL,HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN By Cheryl Lynn Bennett, Ph. D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2005 Major Director: Kevin W. Allison, Ph. D., Associate Professor Department of Psychology Cultural and social influences on mental and physical health are increasingly recognized by social science researchers. Researchers have found that specific, Afrocultural factors are related to the functioning of African Americans. The current research considered whether interdependence is especially salient for African American women since women and African Americans tend to define themselves within the context of social relationships. The study outlines processes affecting the mental and physical health of African American women including communalism, collective efficacy, and social capital. The also study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and both mental and physical health among African American women in a low-income residential area. The effect of social capital and collective efficacy on mental and physical health above income was analyzed using hierarchical regression. One-hundredthirty African-American women in a low-income area of Richmond, Virginia completed surveys between October 2002 and October 2004 measuring social capital, collective efficacy and general health and mental health. Level of education served as a proxy for socioeconomic status. The study's central hypothesis was that social capital and collective efficacy, an indicator of social capital, woul'd moderate rather than mediate the association between socioeconomic status and the outcome variables in this population due to the importance of relationships in the African American culture and in the lives of women. Both moderation and mediation models were tested. Significant relationships were found between income and both physical health and mental health. There were no significant relationships found between social capital and physical health, mental health, or socioeconomic status and mediation was not established. The results also did not establish social capital as a moderator between socio-economic status and the outcome variables. This lack of relationship may be related to several factors including the homogeneity of the sample in terms of socioeconomic status and challenges associated with the use of a new measure for social capital. Meaningful comparisons of social capital between socioeconomic levels could not be made.
Improved left ventricular wall visualization in stress-echocardiography using real-time GPU-based harmonic spatial coherence imaging

Stress echocardiography is an ultrasound imaging technique to assess the functionality of wall segments of the left ventricle (LV). However, image quality is inadequate in up to 30% of patients, requiring the administration of contrast agents. Coherence-based beamforming methods have shown promise in improving image quality by mitigating clutter, a major source of image degradation. In a previous work, we introduced a coherence imaging system with a GPU-based software beamformer capable of real-time cardiac imaging. Here, the system is used in a clinical study to assess endocardial walls using standard clinical techniques and coherence beamforming.
Evaluating effects of prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures on birth weight: A comparison of three statistical approaches.

Abstract Objectives We applied three statistical approaches for evaluating associations between prenatal urinary concentrations of a mixture of phthalate metabolites and birth weight. Methods We included 300 women who provided 732 urine samples during pregnancy and delivered a singleton infant. We measured urinary concentrations of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, di-isobutyl-, di- n -butyl-, butylbenzyl-, and diethyl phthalates. We applied 1) linear regressions; 2) classification methods [principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation models (SEM)]; and 3) Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), to evaluate associations between phthalate metabolite mixtures and birth weight adjusting for potential confounders. Data were presented as mean differences (95% CI) in birth weight (grams) as each phthalate increased from the 10th to the 90th percentile. Results When analyzing individual phthalate metabolites using linear regressions, each metabolite demonstrated a modest inverse association with birth weight [from −93 (−206, 21) to −49 (−164, 65)]. When simultaneously including all metabolites in a multivariable model, inflation of the estimates and standard errors were noted. PCA identified two principal components, both inversely associated with birth weight [−23 (−68, 22), −27 (−71, 17), respectively]. These inverse associations were confirmed when applying SEM. BKMR further identified that monoethyl and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and phthalate concentrations were linearly related to lower birth weight [−51(−164, 63) and −122 (−311, 67), respectively], and suggested no evidence of interaction between metabolites. Conclusions While none of the methods produced significant results, we demonstrated the potential issues arising using linear regression models in the context of correlated exposures. Among the other selected approaches, classification techniques identified common sources of exposures with implications for interventions, while BKMR further identified specific contributions of individual metabolites.
Mapping Using the Localisa System

Catheter ablation procedures have evolved from the relatively simple elimination of single arrhythmogenic structures to more complex procedures in which specific lesion patterns are created, e.g. a line of block in patients with atrial flutter or a lesion area in patients with ventricular tachycardia and relatively large arrhythmogenic substrates.1–5 Uni- and even biplane fluoroscopy as a means to determine successive catheter positions then becomes inadequate.
Application of GPSS/360 to job shop scheduling

Pertinent characteristics of the job shop scheduling problem are reviewed. Two GPSS/360 models assessing a total of eight alternative rules for constructing job shop schedules are presented. These rules have been studied by earlier investigators; hence this is a state-of-the-art paper illustrating the approach to an old problem using a relatively new capability, GPSS/360. Selected model output is exhibited, results are summarized, and assembly and execution times are indicated. Several references to appropriate earlier investigations are included. The models shown here are remarkably compact in comparison with earlier simulation models used to investigate the same or similar scheduling rules.
A knowledge base and question answering system based on loglan and english

One of the "holy grails" of computational linguistics has been to have a machine carry out a conversation, and to have some idea of what it is talking about. Loglan's (Brown, 1960 & 1975) machine grammar (Linker, 1980) was a first attempt to carry out such a project using a grammar which was unambiguous, yet able to encompass the whole of human discourse. Writing a logical, speakable language, with a SLR-1 (simple left-to-right parsing, with one look-ahead) grammar, and then reducing that to a functional form results in a language which is hard to use for spoken logic, and is hard to translate into. A more useful way to go is to use the symbols of predicate, first-order logic, second-order logic, and higher-order logic, to use the word-classes of Loglan, to build a functional form from those in combination, and then to work backward from such a functional form to a speakable language, as much like English and Loglan, in priority order, as possible. Such a language is feasible, speakable, understandable, and useful (Linker, 2007). The result was the JCB-English language. The thesis presented herein is that JBC-English can be improved by a number of means, making the language easier to learn and speak, more concise, and faster to process. The research and development projects detailed herein are to produce an improved version of the language, and the language processing system, which can be effectively used for human and machine discourse, and a demonstration system, which converses in this language, in such a way as to be useful in business and academia.
North Atlantic Cenozoic Foraminifera

Abstract Cenozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, biogeography and ecology in the North Atlantic and its marginal borderland areas is reviewed. Planktonic foraminiferal faunal diversity and provincialization exhibit fluctuating patterns which indicate a complex historical relationship between changing pa-leogeography, paleooceanography and paleoclimatology. Late Neogene climatic deterioration is reflected in increased planktonic foraminiferal provincialization and the development of separate zonations for high and low latitudes as well as a reduction in amphi-Atlantic cosmopolitanism among shallow water benthonic Foraminifera. In a similar manner stratigraphic and geographic distribution patterns among benthonic Foraminifera have been dependent upon the changing geometry of the Atlantic plate. The apparently slow rate of morphologic evolution in most shallow and deep-water benthonic foraminiferal phyletic lineages restricts their usefulness in fine-scaled biostratigraphic studies (the larger foraminifera are an obvious exception), but there has been a renewed interest in using them in paleobiogeographic, paleo-oceanographic and paleobathymetric studies. The evolution of the modern bathyal-abyssal benthonic foraminiferal fauna about 15 Ma allows paleobathymetric and paleocirculation interpretations by analogy with living faunas valid over most, if not all, of the Neogene, and in a general way for the Paleogene as well.
Regulation of the β-Adrenergic Receptor in the Pineal Gland and Red Cell Membranes

The pineal gland and red cell membranes have served as useful models to study the β-adrenergic receptor and its regulation. The pineal gland has a specific β-adrenergic receptor that is stimulated by noradrenaline released from nerve terminals innervating this gland. Interaction of the pineal β-adrenergic receptor triggers a series of reactions that leads to the synthesis of the pineal specific hormone melatonin. The critical biochemical step that is controlled by the β-adrenergic receptor is the synthesis of the enzyme serotonin N-acetyltransferase. The enzyme forms the precursor for the melatonin forming enzyme, hydroxyindole-0-methyltransferase. The responsiveness of the β-adrenergic receptor and the consequent synthesis of melatonin depends on the prior exposure to catecholamines. Reduced release of noradrenaline causes supersensitivity while increased exposure to catecholamine agonists results in a rapid subsensitivity. Changes in sensitivity is found not only in the β-adrenergic receptor but also in adenylate cyclase, protein kinase and other subcellular events.
Circulant matrices and mathematical juggling

Circulants form a well-studied and important class of matrices, and they arise in many algebraic and combinatorial contexts, in particular as multiplication tables of cyclic groups and as special classes of latin squares. There is also a known connection between circulants and mathematical juggling. The purpose of this note is to expound on this connection developing further some of its properties. We also formulate some problems and conjectures with some computational data supporting them.
A spectroscopic electric field vector imaging diagnostic for electron cyclotron heating systems.

An experimental measurement of the wave electric field vector provides important data that can be used to directly compare against 3D full-wave simulations. This direct comparison yields the fastest approach toward identifying missing physics in computational models and providing a high fidelity validation platform. In this paper, we present a diagnostic that is capable of imaging the Electron Cyclotron (EC) wave electric field vector by acquiring filtered images of polarized Dβ spectral satellites. The diagnostic is designed to have a spatial and temporal resolution on the order of 100 μm and 100 μs, respectively. The diagnostic purpose is to provide experimental data for the direct validation of full-wave codes used to predict EC beam propagation and absorption and to provide real-time monitoring of EC waves.
Where Else Do the Top 47 Real Estate Researchers Publish

Abstract In a recent article in this journal, Saginor (2015) identified and ranked the top 47 real estate researchers based on the number of their appearances as authors of articles in the three mo...
Perception of task realism in mirror therapy activities for the upper extremity

IntroductionMirror therapy is an effective stroke rehabilitation intervention for upper extremity hemiparesis; however, there are no established protocols of specific tasks for use during mirror th...
Academic performance, attention, and nightmare frequency among college students: A preliminary investigation

The relationship between academic performance, attention, and nightmare frequency was investigated among a sample of 130 university students. The results indicated that nightmare frequency was significantly related to attention and perceived academic performance, but not objective academic performance. Attention was also not significantly related to objective academic performance. A regression analysis revealed that attention mediated the relationship between nightmares and perceived academic performance. The results and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Disorders of Adjustment, Mood, and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Heart Transplantation and the Association of Ventricular Assist Device Support.

Objective To assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and associated therapies in children during their heart transplantation admission. Study design All pediatric heart transplant recipients (1999-2016) were included from a linked administrative and clinical registry database. Psychiatric disorders and associated therapies were identified using International Classification of Diseases or billing codes during the transplant admission. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors independently associated with psychiatric disorders or therapies. Results A total of 3073 pediatric heart transplant recipients were included. Psychiatric disorders were present in 434 (14.1%) patients during the heart transplant admission, with adjustment disorders being the most common. Antidepressant therapy was prescribed to 212 patients (6.9%) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were most commonly used. Psychiatric diagnoses (8.4% vs 18.1%; P Conclusions Psychiatric disorders are common in pediatric heart transplant recipients, especially among those bridged with ventricular assist device support. Psychiatric diagnoses and the use of antidepressants has increased over time, likely representing improved recognition of psychiatric comorbidities in this vulnerable population. Access to psychiatric services represents an important component of the multidisciplinary team caring for pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Prevalence status and influencing factors about diabetes mellitus among rural population in some areas of Henan province in 2007

Objective To investigate the prevalence status and influencing factors concerning diabetes mellitus (DM) among rural population in some areas of Henan province.Methods The stratified random sampling was adopted and selected residents were investigated by questionnaire and medical examination; R 2.10.0 including single factors and Logistic regression were used.Results The prevalence of DM was 8.6％ for all.The prevalence of men(10.0％) was higher than that of women(7.5％).By multiple Logistic stepwise regression analysis:forms of labor,labor intensity,hypertension and waist obesity were main influencing factors.Conclusions DM among the adults in Henan province had become a threatening hazard to residents health.Therefore,strengthening targeted health education,promoting healthy lifestyle and popularizing knowledge of DM,which may help to prevent and control them in the area,particularly in the rural areas. Key words: Diabetes mellitus; Prevalence; Influence factor
Body Mass Index, American Society of Anesthesiologists Score, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index Predict Cost and Delay of Care During Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index are measures that are utilized to predict perioperative outcomes, though little is known about their comparative predictive effects. We analyzed the effects of these indices on costs, operating room (OR) time, and length of stay (LOS) with the hypothesis that they would have a differential influence on each outcome variable. Methods A retrospective review of the institutional database was completed on primary TKA patients from 2015 to 2018. Univariable and multivariable models were constructed to evaluate the strength of BMI, ASA, and Elixhauser comorbidities for predicting changes to total hospital and surgical costs, OR time, and LOS. Results In total, 1313 patients were included. ASA score was independently predictive of all outcome variables (OR time, LOS, total hospital and surgical costs). BMI, however, was associated with intraoperative resource utilization through time and cost, but only remained predictive of OR time in an adjusted model. Total Elixhauser comorbidities were independently predictive of LOS and total hospital cost incurred outside of the operative theater, though they were not predictive of intraoperative resource consumption. Conclusion Although ASA, BMI, and Elixhauser comorbidities have the potential to impact outcomes and cost, there are important differences in their predictive nature. Although BMI is independently predictive of intraoperative resource utilization, other measures like Elixhauser and ASA score were more indicative of cost outside of the OR and LOS. These data highlight the differing impact of BMI, ASA, and patient comorbidities in impacting cost and time consumption throughout perioperative care.
Pollen protein and lipid content influence resilience to insecticides in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

In honey bees (Apis mellifera), there is growing evidence that the impacts of multiple stressors can be mitigated by quality nutrition. Pollen, which is the primary source of protein and lipids in bees diets, is particularly critical for generating more resilient phenotypes. Here, we evaluate the relationship between pollen protein-to-lipid ratios (P:Ls) and honey bee insecticide resilience. We hypothesized that pollen diets richer in lipids would lead to increased survival in bees exposed to insecticides, as pollen-derived lipids have previously been shown to improve bee resilience to pathogens and parasites. Furthermore, lipid metabolic processes are altered in bees exposed to insecticides. We fed age-matched bees pollen diets of different P:Ls by altering a base pollen by either adding protein (casein powder) or lipids (canola oil) and simulating chronic insecticide exposure by feeding bees an organophosphate (Chlorpyrifos). We also tested pollen diets of naturally different P:Ls to determine if results are consistent. Linear regression analysis revealed that mean survival time for altered diets was best explained by protein concentration (p =0.04 , adjusted R2 =0.92), and that mean survival time for natural diets was best explained by P:L ratio (p =0.008 , adjusted R2 =0.93). Our results indicate that higher ratios of dietary protein to lipid has a negative effect on bee physiology when combined with insecticide exposure, while lower ratios have a positive effect. These results suggest that protein and lipid intake differentially influence insecticide response in bees, laying the groundwork for future studies of metabolic processes and development of improved diets.
L-citrulline increases arginase II protein levels and arginase activity in hypoxic piglet pulmonary artery endothelial cells:

The L-arginine precursor, L-citrulline, re-couples endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increases nitric oxide production, and ameliorates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn pi...
Oocyte stimulation parameters influence the number and proportion of mature oocytes retrieved in assisted reproductive technology cycles.

Whether differences in stimulation parameters alter the number and proportion of MII oocytes retrieved. Records of 2546 patients were examined, looking at age, day 2/3 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels, total dose of gonadotropins administered (including FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG]), fraction of hMG administered, number of days of treatment with gonadotropins, and the dose of gonadotropins administered per day. We segregated the patients into 3 different classes depending on the trigger method used and 2 groups based on egg freeze vs. ICSI. Multiple regression methods were used to examine associations between stimulation parameters and the total number of eggs, number of immature oocytes (Poisson regression), and the fraction of retrieved oocytes that were immature (Logistic regression). After adjustments for different triggers and egg freeze versus ICSI, both the #immature oocytes and the immature fraction of oocytes were associated with the total gonadotropin dose (inversely) and the gonadotropin dose/day (positively). Other parameters were associated with the number of immature oocytes but were also associated with the number of oocytes retrieved. Stimulations using less total gonadotropin and more gonadotropin per day were associated with more immaturity. The type of trigger method used for final maturation was associated with immaturity but was believed to be predominantly due to trigger assignment to patients based on response. The association between use of ICSI and less immaturity was believed to be due to additional time for maturation in the ICSI group.
The Game of Light & Heat: Cryogenic Optical Refrigeration and Athermal Lasers

Laser cooling of solids, also known as optical refrigeration, is based on anti-Stokes fluorescence upconversion where low-entropy laser light with photon energy less than mean fluorescence energy is absorbed followed by highly efficient fluorescence that carries heat and entropy away from the material [1] , [2] . Much progress has been made recently by laser cooling high-purity Yb:YLF crystals to cryogenic temperatures (~90K) [3] , [4] . More recently, Ho and Tm-doped crystals have also been cooled with cryogenic prospects [5] . On the applications front, optical refrigeration has been touted as the only promising technology for realizing an all-solid-state and vibration-free cryocooler. It was also shown that the cooling process when combined with stimulated emission can lead to radiation-balanced lasers (RBL) that are free from thermal instabilities and beam distortion [6] . We report on the most recent advances in this field which includes the realization of the first optical cryocooler prototype, and the progress towards its application in ultra-stable lasers for precision metrology. Furthermore, the feasibility of high-power "athermal" radiation-balanced lasers in disks, rods and fibers are discussed.
The Divergent City: Unequal and Uneven Development in St. Louis

In St. Louis, as in many other cities, decline and displacement occurred when key policies, prejudices, and plans interacted with broad economic restructuring to devastate poor and minority communities while leaving White and middle class communities largely intact. Amidst overall population loss and neighborhood decline are pockets of prosperity and gentrification within the central city. This paper analyzes three significant planning interventions in St. Louis, MO that spurred displacement of populations – Urban Renewal, Triage, and the Foreclosure Crisis. We argue that the differential experiences of Black and White during each of these periods represents two faces of development: one in the north of the city that is largely Black, experiencing vacant land, high crime, and crumbling infrastructure; another in the south of the city that is largely White, enjoying pockets of vibrant commercial development, larger homes, and stable real estate markets. We view each period through a framework of uneven and unequal development and displacement, which we call the Divergent City Theory. Based on this theory, planners face an ethical obligation to plan for the future of their cities in a way that seeks to reconcile the divergent city.
U.S. FDA Drug Approvals for Breast Cancer - A Decade in Review.

Over the last decade, the treatment of patients with breast cancer has been greatly impacted by the approval of multiple drugs and indications. This summary describes 30 FDA approvals of treatments for breast cancer from 2010 to 2020. The trial design endpoints, results, and regulatory considerations are described for each approved indication. Of the 30 indications, 23 (76.6%) received regular and 7 (23.3%) received accelerated approval. Twenty-six approvals were granted in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and four in early breast cancer. Approval decisions for the 26 MBC indications were initially supported by progression-free survival (PFS) in 21 (80.8%), overall survival (OS) or a combination of OS and PFS in two (7.7%), and objective response rate (ORR) in three (11.5%). The four approvals in early breast cancer utilized pathologic complete response (pCR) in one (25%) and invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) in three (75%) trials. Among the 30 indications, 22 received priority review, seven were granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation, and 10 applications participated in one or more pilot Oncology Center of Excellence regulatory review initiatives, including Real Time Oncology Review, Assessment Aid, and Project Orbis. FDA initiatives to advance breast cancer drug development are also described.
Treatment of choking.

To the Editor.— The controversy over which method provides the best relief of central airway obstruction has been marked by the publishing of a myriad of "Special Comments," editorials, and statements, and a dearth of scientific studies. The interesting study by Day and co-workers1 brings a new point of view to this problem by looking at ballistic forces. The question remains as to whether the model of a ball rolling free in a rigid tube is a valid model for soft food lodged in a distensible airway.
Arthroscopic Management of Elbow Fractures

Several types of elbow fractures are amenable to arthroscopic or arthroscopic-assisted fracture fixation, including fractures of the coronoid, radial head, lateral condyle, and capitellum. Other posttraumatic conditions may be treated arthroscopically, such as arthrofibrosis or delayed radial head excision. Arthroscopy can be used for assessment of stability or intra-articular fracture displacement. The safest portals are the midlateral (soft spot portal), proximal anteromedial, and proximal anterolateral. Although circumstances may vary according to the injury pattern, a proximal anteromedial portal is usually established first. Arthroscopy enables a less invasive surgical exposure that facilitates visualization of the fracture fragments in select scenarios.
Spacelike metric foliations

Abstract In this paper, we investigate spacelike metric foliations in lightlike complete spacetimes. When such a foliation satisfies the strong energy condition Ric V ( e ) ≥ 0 for timelike vectors e , it must be totally geodesic, and the metric is of higher rank, in the sense that each point of the spacetime is contained inside a flat, totally geodesic, timelike rectangle. If in addition Ric V ( e ) = 0, then the metric is (at least locally) a product metric, with the leaves of the foliation tangent to one of the factors.
Effects of Advances in Analog, Mixed Signal and IO Circuits on Test Strategies

This paper focuses on high level integration of analog on today's products. We will present the paradigm change required to test these circuit from ATE driven solutions to DFT/BIST/BOST techniques. We will present industrial examples of implementation and silicon results. The examples will range from PLL Testing using ATE approaches and on-chip jitter measurements (TDC based approach) to ADC testing using on chip ramp generation and off chip active TIU (Test Interface Unit) approach to PCIe testing using capable tester to DFT based methods. The talk will focus on what techniques performed well and provided a good alternative solution and which ones resulted in more yield loss or high DPM escapes.
Connection between GaN and InGaN growth mechanisms and surface morphology

Abstract Power spectral density (PSD) analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images is used to determine the roughening and smoothing mechanisms that contribute to InGaN and GaN morphology during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition epitaxy (MOCVD). The analysis finds that non-stochastic surface roughening occurs from deposition onto the pre-existing GaN surface with this roughening becoming more evident at lower growth temperature. Counteracting the surface roughening are two smoothing mechanisms that operate over different temperature ranges and length scales. The first is an evaporation and recondensation mechanism, which dominates at higher temperatures (>900 °C) and longer length-scales ranging from one to tens of microns. The second is a surface diffusion mechanism, which dominates at lower temperatures (
Meta!Blast: A Serious Game to Explore the Complexities of Structural and Metabolic Cell Biology

Knowledge of cellular structure and function has increased dramatically with the advent of modern molecular and computational technologies. Helping students to understand cellular dynamics is a major challenge to educators. To address this challenge, we have developed the Kabala Engine, an open source engine based on OpenSG (http://www.opensg.org) and VRJuggler (http://www.vrjuggler.org). This engine is designed to enable biologists, and indeed any domain expert — chemists, artists, psychologists — to create virtual interactive worlds for teaching or research. As a proof-of-concept, we have used this engine to create Meta!Blast, a virtual plant cell containing a prototype chloroplast in which students can enter, activate the light reactions, including electron excitation, and create molecular oxygen and ATP.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Distribution and Sampling of Aedes taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) Eggs in a Florida Mangrove Forest

The distribution of Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) eggs in a Florida mangrove basin forest was quantified and used to design a sampling plan. Eggs were found in detritus-rich soil with the highest densities in a band at elevations 0.1-0.2 m above the water line. Dispersion indices (k and Taylor's b) indicated that the eggs were aggregated; 14 of 16 populations tested fit the negative binomial distribution. A fixed-size sampling plan using systematic sampling was designed from these data.
Selective reduction of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in rat forebrain after midbrain raphe lesions

Summary We have found a selective reduction in forebrain tryptophan hydroxylase activity afer placement of electrolytic lesions in the midbrain raphe nuclei in rats. Animals with lesions of the lateral midbrain did not show any reduction in enzyme activity. Forebrain serotonin levels were also reduced after placement of lesions, but at first the levels fell more slowly than did the enzyme activity. There were significant reductions in tryptophan hydroxylase activity as soon as one day post-lesion, while serotonin levels were not reduced until after two days post-lesion. By 8 days, both the enzyme and serotonin reduction were maximal and similar in extent. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was not significantly reduced, and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity showed only a small decrease, when measured with either 5-HTP or DOPA as substrate. These results indicate that projections of the midbrain raphe neurons, which are believed to account for the major portion of forebraibn serotonin, also contain the bulk of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase in the forebrain.
Complications following thoracic trauma managed with tube thoracostomy

Abstract Introduction Tube thoracostomy is a common procedure used to treat traumatic chest injuries. Although the mechanism of injury traditionally does not alter chest tube management, complication rates may vary depending on the severity of injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors associated with chest tube complications (CTCs) following thoracic trauma. Methods A retrospective chart review of all trauma patients (≥16 years old) admitted to an urban level 1 trauma centre (1/2007–12/2007) was conducted. Patients who required chest tube (CT) therapy for thoracic injuries within 24 h of admission and survived until CT removal were included. CTCs were defined as a recurrent pneumothorax or residual haemothorax requiring CT reinsertion within 24 h after initial tube removal or addition of new CT >24 h after initial placement. Variables including demographic data, mechanism, associated injuries, initial vital signs, chest abbreviated injury score (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow coma score (GCS) and length of stay (LOS) and CT-specific variables (e.g. indication, timing of insertion, and duration of therapy) were compared using the chi square test, Mann–Whitney test, and multivariate analysis. Results 154 patients were included with 22.1% ( n = 34) developing a CTC. On univariate analysis, CTCs were associated with longer ICU and hospital LOS ( p = 0.02 and p p = 0.01), and the presence of an extrathoracic injury ( p = 0.047). Results of the multivariate analysis indicated that only increased chest AIS (OR 2.49; p = 0.03) was a significantly independent predictor of CTCs. Conclusions CTCs following chest trauma are common and are associated with increased morbidity. The severity of the thoracic injury, as measured by chest AIS, should be incorporated into the development of CT management guidelines in order to decrease the incidence of CTCs.
Trench doping process for 3D transistors - 2D cross-sectional doping profiling study

Comparison study of doping a 3D trench transistor structure was carried out by beam-line (BL) implant and plasma doping (PLAD) methods. Electron holography (EH) was used as a powerful characterization method to study 2D cross-sectional doping profiles of boron-based doping processes. Quantitative definitions of junction depths xj in both vertical and lateral directions can be obtained. Good correlations of 2D electron holography dopant profiles, 2D dopant profile simulations, and 1D SIMS/ARXPS impurity profiles are demonstrated. The results reveal an advantage of PLAD over BL implant: a much larger effective implant area for 3D trench bottom. It leads to a larger lateral junction depth xj(L) with a comparable vertical junction depth xj(V). It is attributed to the PLAD technology with no line of sight shadowing effect and less angle variation issues. Enhancing the dopant lateral straggle by PLAD at the trench bottom is particularly useful for non-planar device structures with low resistance buried dopant layers.