cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The symmetric genus of the Higman-Sims group $HS$ and bounds for Conway's groups $Co_{1}$, $Co_{2}$

By a surface we shall always mean a closed connected compact orientable 2 manifold. For G a finite group, the symmetric genus or(G) of G is, by definition, the least integer g such that there exists a surface of genus g on which G acts in a conformal manner. It is well known that any such action of G on a surface S must be accompanied by an orientation-preserving action of G o on S, where G O is a subgroup of index at most 2 in G. In particular, if G is simple, its conformal action on S must be orientation-preserving. In this case we have tr(G)= tr(G), where tr(G) denotes the strong symmetric genus of G, defined to be the least integer g such that there is a surface of genus g on which G acts in an orientation-preserving manner. In this paper we determine the symmetric genus of the Higman-Sims sporadic group HS and substantially improve existing bounds for the sporadic groups COl and Co 2 of Conway. To do this we rely on the theory of triangular tesselations of the hyperbolic plane (e.g. see [2], [3], [4]), as well as a theorem of Tucker on partial presentations of groups which admit cellularly embedded Cayley graphs in surfaces of prescribed genus (see [7]). This reduces the problem to one of group generation, which can be handled in principal by computing relevant structure constants for the group, as well as for a variety of its subgroups, by means of character tables. (See [9] for additional details on all of the above remarks.) Throughout, we adopt the notation used in [1] and [8]. In particular, Aa(K,K2,K3) denotes the structure constant whose value is the cardinality of the set
Actin depolymerizing factor but not cofilin-1 is necessary to have a normal intestinal brush border (1109.16)

Two highly conserved isoforms of the cofilin gene family (actin severing proteins expressed in intestinal epithelial cells) are cofilin-1 (COF) and actin depolymerizing factor (ADF). COF and ADF take part in Arp2/3 remodeling and seem to play overlapping roles since both rescue the knockdown (KD) phenotypes of the other. Their precise role in the intestine is unknown. We hypothesized that COF and/or ADF change local actin polymerization at the base of epithelial cell microvilli by terminal web remodeling. COF and ADF were KD using lentivirus/puromycin in Caco-2 cells, a polarized intestinal Na-absorptive cell line. Both were normally subapical, as well as diffusely cytosolic in the cells. Structural studies were performed using confocal and electron microscopy with brush border (BB) characterization by phalloidin and wheat germ agglutinin binding. ADF KD, but not COF, significantly changed epithelial cell structure with a) shorter cell heights; b) greater cell diameter; c) shorter/sparser BB. In addition,...
Chapter 1 Potential CNS Applications for Phosphodiesterase Enzyme Inhibitors

Publisher Summary Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) inhibition, which leads to an increase in cyclic nucleotide concentration, represents a means by which cellular signaling pathways can be influenced for therapeutic benefit. The detection of PDE enzymes in the central nervous system (CNS) has stimulated interest in exploring potential applications of PDE inhibitors for treating CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive malfunctions, depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. This chapter focuses on these therapeutic opportunities and new developments in the medicinal chemistry and biology associated with selected members of the PDE family, in particular PDEs 2, 4, 9, and 10. PDE2 is a mixed specificity PDE that is expressed in the CNS in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum. This expression pattern stimulated the study of PDE2 inhibitors for treatment of cognitive disorders. One of the most recent and thoroughly explored compounds is Bay 60-7550. MEM1414 is a PDE4 inhibitor from Memory Pharmaceuticals that is in clinical development for potential use in Alzheimer's disease. Thienopyrimidinones are claimed to be potent PDE9 inhibitors with excellent selectivity versus PDE5 (4800-fold). PDE10 inhibitors is reported to have a PDE10 IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50) value of approximately 1nM. Quinoline 14 is representative of a family of PDE10 inhibitors derived ultimately from papaverine.
Sparsity and Time Scales

This paper develops an asymptotic approach to the analysis of dynamic networks with dense and sparse connections. A measure of the sparsity is shown to have a meaning similar to the weak connection parameter in the slow coherency method. The asymptotic sparsity analysis reveals the effect of the system dimension on the slow aggregate model and provides an interpretation for the inclusion of a higher order term neglected in the weak connection analysis. Two network sequences with different types of sparsity are used to demonstrate how the sparsity properties influence the dynamic behavior and lead to a separation of time scales.
Photon production from gluon-mediated quark–anti-quark annihilation at confinement

Heavy ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider produce direct photons at low transverse momentum ${p}_{T}$ from 1--3 $\mathrm{GeV}/c$, in excess of the $p+p$ spectra scaled by the nuclear overlap factor ${T}_{AA}$. These low-${p}_{T}$ photons have a large azimuthal anisotropy ${v}_{2}$. Theoretical models, including hydrodynamic models, struggle to quantitatively reproduce the large low-${p}_{T}$ direct photon excess and ${v}_{2}$ in a self-consistent manner. This paper presents a description of the low-${p}_{T}$ photon flow as the result of increased photon production from soft-gluon-mediated $q\ensuremath{-}\overline{q}$ interactions as the system becomes color neutral. This production mechanism will generate photons that follow constituent quark number, ${n}_{q}$, scaling of ${v}_{2}$ with an ${n}_{q}$ value of 2 for direct photons. ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ comparisons of the published PHENIX direct photon and identified particle ${v}_{2}$ measurements finds that ${n}_{q}$ scaling applied to the direct photon ${v}_{2}$ data prefers the value ${n}_{q}=1.8$ and agrees with ${n}_{q}=2$ within errors in most cases. The 0--20% and 20--40% Au+Au direct photon data are compared to a coalescence-like Monte Carlo simulation that calculates the direct photon ${v}_{2}$ while describing the shape of the direct photon ${p}_{T}$ spectra in a consistent manner. The simulation, while systematically low compared to the data, is in agreement with the Au+Au measurement at ${p}_{T}$ less than 3 $\mathrm{GeV}/c$ in both centrality bins. Furthermore, this production mechanism predicts that higher order flow harmonics ${v}_{n}$ in direct photons will follow the modified ${n}_{q}$-scaling laws seen in identified hadron ${v}_{n}$ with an ${n}_{q}$ value of 2.
Generation and measurement of ultrafast shaped pulses

Pulse shaping1 and spectral filtering of ultra-short pulses allow us to tailor the excitation pulse in an experiment to optimize a specific aspect of laser-matter interactions.
Six types of species‐area curves

Macroecological studies infer ecological processes based on observed patterns. An often used measure of pattern is the species-area curve. Insufficient attention has been paid to the variety of methods used to construct those curves. There are six different methods based on different combinations of: (1) the pattern of quadrats or areas sampled (nested, contiguous, noncontiguous, or island); (2) whether successively larger areas are constructed in a spatially explicit fashion or not; and (3) whether the curve is constructed from single values or mean values. The resulting six types of curves differ in their shapes, how diversity is encapsulated, and the scales encompassed. Inventory diversity (x) can either represent a single value or a mean value, creating a difference in the focus of the measure. Differentiation diversity (P) can vary in the extent encompassed, and thus the spatial scale, depending on the pattern of quadrat placement. Species-area curves are used for a variety of purposes: extrapolation, setting a common grain, and hypothesis testing. The six types of curves differ in how they are used or interpreted in these contexts. A failure to recognize these differences can result in improper conclusions. Further work is needed to understand the sampling and measurement properties of the different types of speciesarea curves.
Subclavian Vein Stent Fracture and Venous Motion.

Primary subclavian vein stents are not recommended for venous thoracic outlet syndrome before surgical decompression by first rib resection due to a high risk of fracture because they are compressed between the clavicle and first rib. After rib removal, however, stent insertion has been advocated for venous restenosis, and it is felt that stent fracture is unlikely to occur. We present a case suggesting that repetitive differential vein movement during respiration may be one of the causative factors for stent fractures occurring in this anatomic region.
ANCORP: a high‐resolution approach that generates distinct chromatin state models from multiple genome‐wide datasets

Chromatin components can be extensively modified and dynamically regulated by a plethora of catalytic complexes. The numerous modifications may form a type of molecular pattern that defines particular local and global 'chromatin states' through extensive cross-talk. Analyses that can integrate multiple genome-wide datasets are essential to determine the interactions and biological function of chromatin modifications in various contexts. Through a combination of hierarchical clustering and pattern visualization, we categorized all annotated Arabidopsis genes into 16 chromatin state clusters using combinations of four chromatin marks (H3K4me3, H3K36me2, H3K27me3 and cytosine methylation) using publicly available data. Our results suggest that gene length may be an important factor in shaping chromatin states across transcription units. By analysis of two rare chromatin states, we found that the enrichment of H3K36me2 around the transcription start site is negatively correlated with transcriptional activities. High-resolution association analyses in the context of chromatin states have identified inter-correlations between chromatin modifications. H3K4me3 were found to be under-represented in actively transcribed regions that are modified by DNA methylation and the H3K36me2 mark, concomitant with increased nucleosome occupancy in these regions. Lastly, quantitative data from transcriptome analyses and gene ontology partitioning were integrated to determine the possible functional relevance of the corresponding chromatin states. We show that modelling the plant epigenome in terms of chromatin states and combining correlative visualization methods can be a productive approach to unravel complex relationships between epigenomic features and the functional output of the genome.
Toward a successful CRM: variable selection, sampling, and ensemble

This paper studies the effects of variable selection and class distribution on the performance of specific logit regression (i.e., a primitive classier system) and artificial neural network (ANN; a relatively more sophisticated classifier system) implementations in a customer relationship management (CRM) setting. Finally, ensemble models are constructed by combining the predictions of multiple classiers. This paper shows that ANN ensembles with variable selection show the most stable performance over various class distributions.
Measurement of augmentation of 252Cf implant by 10B and 157Gd neutron capture.

252Cf has been used as a brachytherapysource since the early 1970s. The dominant mechanism of interactions of 252Cf neutrons with tissue is elastic scattering. The scatteredneutrons lose part of their energy, which is released as kinetic energy of the recoiling nuclei. By multiple scattering,neutrons lose their energy and eventually become thermalized (in energetic equilibrium with tissue atoms with an average energy of 0.025 eV) and do not play any role in radiotherapy. These thermal neutrons may interact with hydrogen nuclei or with nitrogen, but the cell killing effects by these reaction products are negligibly small compared to the elastic scattering by fast neutrons or by photons emitted by californium. Nonetheless, these thermal neutrons are still potentially usable for neutron capture therapy and can be used to enhance californiumbrachytherapy effects. Neutron capture therapy is a two‐part therapy relying on the selective loading of tumor cells with compounds containing 10B or 157Gd and subsequent irradiation with thermal neutrons. To calculate neutron capture doses one has to know thermal neutron flux. This paper presents results of an experimental study of thermal neutron flux and calculations of boron neutron capture and gadolinium neutron capture doses in the vicinity of 252Cf sources.
ROBUSTNESS AND POWER OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE APPLIED TO DATA DISTORTED FROM NORMALITY BY FLOOR EFFECTS: HOMOGENEOUS REGRESSION SLOPES

We investigate through computer simulations the robustness and power of two group analysis of covariance test applied to small samples distorted normality by floor effects when the regression slopes are homogeneous. We consider four parametric analysis of covariance tests that vary according to the treatment of the homogeneity of regression slopes and two t-tests on unadjusted means and on difference scores. Under the null hypothesis of no difference in means, we estimated actual significance levels by comparing observed test statistics to appropriate values from the F and t distributions for nominal significance levels of 0.10, 0.05, 0.02 and 0.01. We estimated power by similar comparisons under various alternative hypothesis. The hierarchical approach (that adjusts for non-homogeneous slopes if found significant), the test that assumes homogeneous regression slopes, and the test that estimates separate regression slopes in each treatment were robust. In general, each test produced power at least equal to that expected from normal theory. The textbook approach, which does not test for mean differences when there is significant non-homogeneity, was conservative but also had good power. The t-tests were robust but had poorer power properties than the above procedures.
Alpha Particle Induced Single Event Upsets in Bipolar Static ECL Cells

A complete study of a bipolar static cell was done to determine alpha particle soft error sensitivities using alpha particle and circuit simulations. The results are supported by experimental data.
Hysterical seizures: Suggestion as a provocative EEG test

We studied 57 patients with poorly controlled or atypical seizures to identify hysterical attacks with a provocative test consisting of initiation and termination of an attack with suggestion and saline injection during electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Using this method, we diagnosed 48 patients as having hysterical attacks. Three additional patients had spontaneous hysterical attacks during routine recordings. Of the 51 patients with hysterical attacks, 78% were female. Two-thirds of the patients were between the ages of 20 and 35 years. Thirty-two patients had taken anticonvulsants before the study. Each patient's hysterical attack, aura, and postictum was stereotyped, and the 6 patients subject to both hysterical and organic seizures described the two types of attacks as different stereotyped behaviors. Tongue laceration, urinary incontinence, and postictal confusion were common. Twelve patients had evidence of past or present neurological disease. Abnormal EEGs were recorded in 37% but only 12% had spike or spike and wave discharges. The provocative EEG test employing saline and suggestion is a useful tool in the diagnosis of hysterical "seizures."
Density layer models for the geopotential

Spherical harmonic representation of the geopotential suffers from convergence problems in both the mathematical and numerical senses; it also is not suitable for use with the terrestrial gravity data, which is distributed very unevenly over the surface of the earth. Of the alternative mathematical models, the simple density layer offers the most mathematical and computational simplicity and avoids the problems associated with spherical harmonics. In practice low order spherical harmonic models have been combined with a density layer for a complete model of the geopotential. Results from satellite data alone and from combinations of satellite and gravity measurements have been published already; improved models will be obtained as new data become available.
Gender differences in identification of gifted youth and in gifted program participation: A meta-analysis

Abstract Although numerous studies have researched gender differences in gifted identification and program participation, the results of these studies are largely mixed. The goal of the present study was to synthesize data on gender differences in gifted identification and programming by combining data from multiple studies into a single meta-analysis. The combined results from 130 studies published between 1975 and 2011 indicated that boys were 1.19 times more likely than girls to be identified as gifted and included in gifted programs. Moderator analyses indicated that gender differences were particularly evident among pre-adolescents, within gifted summer programs, and for students who were identified as gifted using IQ scores and standardized tests. Recommendations for reducing gender bias include encouraging pre-adolescent girls to participate in gifted programs and using multiple assessment criteria to identify gifted students.
Automated single molecule selection

Biological systems exhibit significant heterogeneity when studied at the single molecule level. While significant progress has been reported in the development of techniques to quantify individual molecules, preparative methods are needed to allow selected extraction of molecules for study by complementary methods. We present the development of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) system to automate the selection of individual molecules within a nanofluidic device based upon their fluorescence. Real-time signals processing is performed to identify molecules of interest and then to actuate changes in electrokinetic flow, toward collecting molecules for subsequent analysis.
Characteization and distribution of two new foamy viruses isolated from chimpanzees.

Pan 1 and Pan 2 viruses are persistent viruses recoverable from many organs, including brain, of most chimpanzees; both may be present in the same organ of a given animal. These viruses induce a vacuolated, foamy syncytia without inclusion bodies both in chimpanzee explant cultures and in primary human embryo kidney (HEK) cells. Both viruses are not inhibited by IUDR. are chloroform and pH 3.0 sensitive and are inactivated following exposure to 45° C for 30 minutes. Pan 2 virus, the only one tested, is sensitive to visible light. Neither virus has yielded a detectable hemagglutinin, nor has hemadsorption of guinea pig RBC been observed. Direct and blind passage inoculations have not induced infection or evidence of viral replication in small laboratory animals. By electron microscopy they are indistinguishable from each other and are approximately 125 nm in diamter. Viral antigens are demonstrable inin vitro cultures of chimpanzee tissues as well as infected HEK cells by direct fluorescent antibody staining.
Numerical Modeling of Rotordynamic Coefficients for Deliberately Roughened Stator Gas Annular Seals

A method is proposed for computations of rotordynamic coefficients of deliberately roughened stator gas annular seals using computational fluid dynamics. The method is based on a transient analysis with deforming mesh. Frequency-dependent direct and cross-coupled rotordynamic coefficients are determined as a response to an assigned rotor surface periodic motion. The obtained numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the available test data and one-dimensional tool predictions. The method can be used as a research tool or as a virtual annular seal test rig for seal design and optimization.
Active site mutants of human cyclophilin A separate peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity from cyclosporin A binding and calcineurin inhibition

Based on recent X-ray structural information, six site-directed mutants of human cyclophilin A (hCyPA) involving residues in the putative active site--H54, R55, F60, Q111, F113, and H126--have been constructed, overexpressed, and purified from Escherichia coli to homogeneity. The proteins W121A (Liu, J., Chen, C.-M., & Walsh, C.T., 1991a, Biochemistry 30, 2306-2310), H54Q, R55A, F60A, Q111A, F113A, and H126Q were assayed for cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity, their ability to bind the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA), and protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) inhibition in the presence of CsA. Results indicate that H54Q, Q111A, F113A, and W121A retain 3-15% of the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of wild-type recombinant hCyPA. The remaining three mutants (R55A, F60A, and H126Q) each retain less than 1% of the wild-type catalytic efficiency, indicating participation by these residues in PPIase catalysis. Each of the mutants bound to a CsA affinity matrix. The mutants R55A, F60A, F113A, and H126Q inhibited calcineurin in the presence of CsA, whereas W121A did not. Although CsA is a competitive inhibitor of PPIase activity, it can complex with enzymatically inactive cyclophilins and inhibit the phosphatase activity of calcineurin.
CO2 storage risk minimization through systematic identification and assessment of faults: a Williston Basin case study

Abstract The Williston Basin is considered a tectonically stable area with only a few major inactive faults. Over the last 50 years, extensive hydrocarbon exploration in the basin has demonstrated that smaller faults do exist and closer evaluation is necessary to determine the nature of this faulting. An area near the town of Dickinson, North Dakota, has been identified as a potential location for CO 2 storage/enhanced oil recovery. A thorough geologic assessment of the area has identified structural anomalies that may indicate the presence of faulting, which, in turn, may affect precise CO 2 storage site selection.
Verapamil enhanced in vitro chemosensitivity of a murine bladder carcinoma, FCB

The in vitro enhancement of chemotherapeutic efficacy by verapamil, a calcium antagonist, was assessed using FCB, a transplantable murine transitional cell carcinoma. Exponentially growing FCB cells were partially resistant to treatment with both thiotepa (10-4 M) and Adriamycin (10-5M), however, there was a significant reduction in cell growth when either agent was administered in combination with verapamil (10-5 M); the effect was evident over a wide range of drug concentrations (10-4–10-9 M). There was also a pronounced inhibition of DNA precursor incorporation when verapamil was used in combination with either agent. Fluorometric analysis of Adriamycin uptake indicated that verapamil caused an increase in the intracellular concentration of the agent. The data presented are consistent with the postulate that verapamil enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy by altering cellular permeability to the cytotoxic agents. Our study indicates that the use of verapamil in combination with cytotoxic agents for intravesical chemotherapy of bladder tumors may prove to be beneficial in human patients.
An improved method for simultaneous determination of frictional pressure drop and vapor volume fraction in vertical flow boiling

The two-phase frictional pressure drop and vapor volume fraction in the vertical boiling and adiabatic flow of the refrigerant, R11, have been simultaneously measured by a liquid balancing column and differential magnetic reluctance pressure transducers. An account is given of the experimental apparatus and procedure, data acquisition and analysis, and error estimation employed. All values of two-phase multipliers evaluated on the basis of the measured frictional pressure drop data in vertical upflow fall in the range bounded by the predictions of the Chisholm correlation and the homogeneous model.
ACE Inhibitor in the Treatment of Cutaneous and Lymphatic Sarcoidosis

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is used as a marker for sarcoid activity. We describe a case of remission of cutaneous and lymphatic sarcoidosis in a patient treated with an ACE inhibitor for congestive heart failure and hypertension; the remission has continued over 4 years of follow-up. Because this is a report of only one case, there is a possibility of sampling error. Whether the patient's remission in this case was a serendipitous spontaneous remission that happened to occur during ACE inhibitor therapy or whether ACE inhibitor therapy can play a role in the treatment of sarcoidosis needs to be determined in a large clinical trial.
Muscarine activates the sodium–calcium exchanger via M3 receptors in basal forebrain neurons

Neurons of the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) project to the hippocampus. Muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms within the MSDB are potent modulators of hippocampal functions; intraseptal scopolamine disrupts and intraseptal carbachol facilitates hippocampus-dependent learning and memory tasks, and the associated hippocampal theta rhythm. In earlier work, we demonstrated that, within the MSDB, the septohippocampal GABAergic but not cholinergic neurons are the primary target of muscarinic manipulations and that muscarinic activation of septohippocampal GABAergic neurons is mediated directly via M 3 receptors. In the present study, we examined the ionic mechanism(s) underlying the excitatory actions of muscarine in these neurons. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques in rat brain slices, we demonstrated that M 3 receptor-mediated muscarinic activation of MSDB neurons is dependent on external Na + and is also reduced by bath-applied Ni 2+ and KB-R7943 as well as by replacing external Na + with Li + , suggesting a primary involvement of the Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger. We conclude that the M 3 receptor-mediated muscarinic activation of MSDB septohippocampal GABA-type neurons, that is important for cognitive functioning, is mediated via activation of the Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger.
Regeneration amplitude of KS0 from KL0 in carbon

We have measured the transmission regeneration amplitude for carbon. The invariant amplitude [ƒ(0) − ƒ(0)]/P varies from 5.909 ± 0.066 mb at 4.5 GeV/c to 3.933 ± 0.152 mb at 9.5 GeV/c. The results agree with optical model calculations using measured kaon-nucleon total cross sections. The data also provide a value for the ω trajectory intercept αω(0) = 0.42 ± 0.04.
Implementation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods in lateral flow devices for the detection of Rhizoctonia solani

AbstractRhizoctonia solani causes destructive diseases in many crops throughout the world, resulting in significant yield and quality losses. Early detection of R. solani would facilitate deployment of timely disease management strategies and prevention of spread of asymptomatic infected plant material. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection of R. solani in plants and soil samples. LAMP primers, based on the internal transcribed spacer DNA sequence, were designed for detecting most anastomosis groups of R. solani. Using these primers, a LAMP protocol was developed, which in sensitivity tests was shown to detect very low levels of DNA of R. solani and R. zeae, but not R. oryzae. This LAMP protocol successfully detected R. solani on inoculated plant tissues and soil samples. For onsite application in the field, the LAMP protocol was implemented in a generic anti-biotin and anti-fluorescein antibody-based LFD. ...
Electrocardiogram voltage attenuation and shortening of the duration of P-waves, QRS complexes, and QT intervals.

Multiple pathologies in concert may lead to attenuation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) voltage. A case of a patient illustrating the above is presented, who showed marked attenuation of the ECG voltage. Automated values of the amplitude of the ECG QRS complexes, P-waves, and T-waves (in mm), duration of the QRS complexes, P-waves, and QT intervals (in ms), in 2 ECGs were compared. The patient was a 64-year-old woman who developed in the setting of a fatal illness, pleural and pericardial effusions, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and chest, peripheral edema with weight gain of 43.4 lbs, marked hypoalbuminemia, abnormal liver tests, and renal failure. All the above pathologies led to a marked attenuation of the ECG voltage, and shortening of the mean P-wave, QRS complexes, and QTc interval durations. The postulated mechanism of the observed ECG phenomena is discussed.
High resolution electronic spectroscopy of p-vinylphenol in the gas phase

Abstract A recent controversy regarding the proper assignment of two closely spaced bands in the S 1 ← S 0 electronic transition of trans - p -coumaric acid ( p CA) has been addressed by recording their spectra at full rotational resolution. The results show unambiguously that the carrier of these two bands is p -vinylphenol ( p VP), a thermal decomposition product of p CA. The two bands belong to two conformers of p VP; trans - p VP at 33,207.3 cm −1 and cis - p VP at 33,211.8 cm −1 .
GOLD(I)-MEDIATED REARRANGEMENT OF 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE TO SEMIDINES

Reaction of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine with the gold oxo complex [(PPh3Au)3(μ-O)]BF4 gives a mixture of [(Ph3PAu)3(μ-N-1,4-C6H4-NHPh)]BF4 (1; 82%) and [(Ph3PAu)3(μ-N-1,2-C6H4-NHPh)]BF4 (2; 18%) in CH2Cl2 at ambient temperature. A crossover experiment using a 1:1 mixture of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine-d10 indicates that the rearrangement process is intramolecular.
Azimuthal correlations in the hadronic decay of heavy-quark-antiquark bound states produced by e + e − colliding beams

We have calculated the azimuthal angular correlation in the hadronic decay of the lowest-mass 1/sup - -/ bound state of a heavy quark and antiquark produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation. The correlation between a plane defined by the hadrons and the plane formed by the beams and the jet axis is found to be much larger than the correlation expected in the continuum final states.
A Review of Methotrexate-Induced Accelerated Nodulosis

Objective. To review the English-language literature on methotrexate-induced accelerated nodulosis, compile case reports of its occurrences, and make recommendations on the clinical management of patients. Methods. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, TOXLINE, and EMBASE databases was performed, along with a bibliographic search of key articles. Case reports were compiled separately. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale was used to assess causality. Results. Twenty-seven case reports of patients with methotrexate-induced accelerated nodulosis were identified along with one series of 10 patients and one series of 21 patients. Probability assessment for most of the case reports was weak and left room for doubt regarding causality. Most patients were older than 50 years, were positive for rheumatoid factor, and had nodules on their fingers but did not have concurrent vasculitis. Some unusual sites of nodulosis were the larynx, lungs, Achilles tendon, and heart. Of 19 patients given hydroxychloroquine, colchicine, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, or D-penicillamine, all except two showed regression of the nodules; the response was unknown for one patient. Conclusion. Controversy surrounds the management of patients who develop accelerated nodulosis while receiving methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Our review of these data does not allow definitive conclusions because the available case reports and clinical trials are fragmented and incomplete.
The WebQuest: An Illustration of Instructional Technology Implementation in MFT Training

This teaching case illustrates the innovative application of an instructional technology modality, the WebQuest, in family therapy training. It describes what a WebQuest involves, and how it can be used as a tool for developing critical thinking and application of contemporary marriage and family therapy (MFT) theory to social and global issues. The authors discuss the results of the survey and focus groups conducted to assess the value of this assignment from the students’ perspectives. Results indicate that its application in a family therapy theories course fostered students’ awareness of global issues impacting family life, integration of family therapy theories to serve children and families, creativity in developing their own intervention models, and ability to discuss and integrate knowledge from different knowledge bases and perspectives.
Definitions of biochemical failure in prostate cancer following radiation therapy.

Abstract Purpose: The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) published a consensus panel definition of biochemical failure following radiation therapy for prostate cancer. In this paper, we develop a series of alternative definitions of biochemical failure. Using data from 688 patients, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the various definitions, with respect to a defined "clinically meaningful" outcome. Methods and Materials: The ASTRO definition of biochemical failure requires 3 consecutive rises in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We considered several modifications to the standard definition: to require PSA rises of a certain magnitude, to consider 2 instead of 3 rises, to require the final PSA value to be greater than a fixed cutoff level, and to define biochemical failure based on the slope of PSA over 1, 1.5, or 2 years. A clinically meaningful failure is defined as local recurrence, distant metastases, initiation of unplanned hormonal therapy, unplanned radical prostatectomy, or a PSA > 25 later than 6 months after radiation. Results: Requiring the final PSA in a series of consecutive rises to be larger than 1.5 ng/mL increased the specificity of biochemical failure. For a fixed specificity, defining biochemical failure based on 2 consecutive rises, or the slope over the last year, could increase the sensitivity by up to approximately 20%, compared to the ASTRO definition. Using a rule based on the slope over the previous year or 2 rises leads to a slightly earlier detection of biochemical failure than does the ASTRO definition. Even with the best rule, only approximately 20% of true failures are biochemically detected more than 1 year before the clinically meaningful event time. Conclusion: There is potential for improvement in the ASTRO consensus definition of biochemical failure. Further research is needed, in studies with long follow-up times, to evaluate the relationship between various definitions of biochemical failure and true clinical outcome.
Moving Within the Spiral The Process of Surviving

To uncover implicit and explicit meanings that are embedded in the experiences of adult survivors of sexual assault, the authors conducted interviews with 12 women survivors. Using Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology, they uncovered three relational themes and one overarching pattern from the data. "Breaking down" describes the violence that survivors experience, "making meaning" expresses the ways in which survivors incorporate the assault into the narratives of their lives, and "going beyond themselves" explicates what survivors do with their story, who they tell, and what they want to happen. Moving within the spiral: the process of surviving, the constitutive pattern, contains emerging themes, lived experiences, and the practices of participants.
Lowersemicontinuity of energy clusters

We discuss existence and lowersemicontinuity for clusters of materials minimising an energy given by a collection of norms φij on the interfaces between regions Ri and Rj. Following Ambrosio and Braides, we exhibit a problem for which the triangle inequality holds but existence fails, and we state a new sufficient condition for lowersemicontinuity, which may be necessary.
The Influence Of Optical And Electronic Feedback On 0.83 µm Gaalas Lasers Pigtailed To Remote Sensors

Optical and electronic feedback techniques are demonstrated which reduce Rayleigh backscatter noise in semicon-ductor lasers coupled to optical fibers. Low frequency intensity noise in excess of the free running laser intensity noise is observed at the output of 2.2 km of fiber in the absence of Rayleigh backscatter.
Characterization of amyloidogenic intermediate states through a combined use of CD and NMR spectroscopy.

Abstract Characterization of amyloidogenic intermediate states is of central importance in understanding the molecular mechanism of amyloid formation. In this study, we utilized CD and NMR spectroscopy to investigate secondary structure of the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate of a β-structured SH3 domain, which was induced by trifluoroethanol (TFE). The combined biophysical studies showed that the native state SH3 domain is gradually converted to the amyloidogenic intermediate state at TFE concentrations of 20–26% (v/v) and the aggregation-prone state contains substantial amount of the β-sheet conformation (∼ 30%) with disordered (54%) and some helical characters (16%). Under weaker amyloidogenic conditions of higher TFE concentrations (> 40%), the β-sheet structures were gradually changed to helical conformations and the relative content of the helical and β-sheet conformations was highly correlated with the aggregation propensity of the SH3 domain. This indicates that the β-sheet characters of the amyloidogenic states may be critical to the effective amyloid formation.
A report on speckle and coherent diffraction phenomena in selected-area transmission electron diffraction patterns

Abstract This paper presents a report on coherent interference effects in selected-area transmission electron diffraction patterns. In particular, it is shown that the coherent small-angle scatter seen around the centrally transmitted beam from nanocrystalline materials is similar to the speckle patterns that occur when a laser diffracts from a disordered sample. Laser speckle patterns are used routinely to study dynamic parameters of colloidal solutions and it is suggested that similar experiments could be performed with electrons. The significance of this lies in the relative wavelengths of the two radiations and, thus, instead of colloidal particles, atomic-scale dynamics could be studied.
Sleep eDiary: A mobile health application for insomnia assessment

Sleep disorders, such as insomnia can seriously affect the individual personality, performance and even lead to psychological problems. The optimal way to obtain an accurate insomnia diagnosis is through polysomnographic (PSG) measurements and face-to-face patients' consultations. Though a number of commercial wearable PSG systems are now available for patients to use in the comfort of their homes they do not incorporate daily subjective reporting essential for effective insomnia diagnosis and treatment. The subjective data are necessary to explore the patient's day-to-day sleep hygiene, as part of the clinician's diagnosis of insomnia. Sleep diaries, in which the patient records information about their sleep patterns, have the ability to allow practical, economical and detailed assessment of insomnia conditions, paving the way for a successful treatment. Smartphones offers a great opportunity to exploit mobile technology to implement electronic versions of these sleep dairies. A mobile application for insomnia treatment needs to meet specific requirements of interface, question relevance and transferring of data. However, existing Android solutions do not meet these three criteria. In this paper, we propose a new sleep diary solution for insomnia assessment and diagnosis. Our application has the advantage of being easy to use, simple and secure. It allows the transfer of recorded data to the clinician, thereby reducing the number of daily visits.
Oiled Versus Unoiled Eggs For Short Storage Periods: 2. Some Chemical and Physical Changes,

Abstract IN EGG quality preservation, the goal is to minimize both physical and chemical changes so that the eggs when broken out and. utilized will have the organoleptic and functional properties associated with the freshly laid product. The effectiveness of oiling eggs in retarding quality decline as measured by changes in Haugh unit values, weight loss, and pH rise has been demonstrated by numerous investigators. There is a lack of information regarding other changes which may be of equal or greater importance. A previous report from this laboratory (Froning and Swanson, 1962) dealt with the effect of time and method of oiling on albumen cloudiness and increases in outer thin white. The present study primarily sought to determine the merits of oiling for minimizing changes in protein and solids composition of the various components during short storage periods. EXPERIMENTAL Eggs for this study were produced on a nearby commercial poultry farm…
Synthesis and Structural Trends in Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Ferrocenes, 1,4-Tetrafluorophenylene-Linked Diferrocenes, and 1,1‘-Ferrocenylene−1,4-Tetrafluorophenylene Co-oligomers

1,1‘-Dilithioferrocene, or (CpLi)2Fe (1), reacts with excess C6F6 in THF to afford mostly (C6F5Cp)2Fe (2), accompanied by the diiron complex (C6F5Cp)FeCp(1,4-C6F4)CpFe(CpC6F5) (3). The reaction of 1 with 1.0 equiv of C6F6 affords a mixture of sparingly soluble step-growth oligomers assigned to [−FeCp(1,4-C6F4)−]n (4). [1-Li-2-RNCp]FeCp (6, RN = CH2NMe2) reacts with 1 equiv of C6F6 to afford [1-(C6F5)-2-RNCp]FeCp (7). Complex 6 reacts with 0.5 equiv of C6F6 to afford CpFe[2-RNCp](1,4-C6F4)[2-RNCp]FeCp as a mixture of two diastereomers (meso-8, major and dl-8, minor). The relative stereochemistry of meso-8 is established by crystallographic analysis of the corresponding bis(methiodide) (12). [1-Li-2-RNCp]Fe(CpLi) (9) reacts with excess C6F6 to afford mainly the diarylated ferrocene [1-(C6F5)-2-RNCp]Fe(CpC6F5) (10). The reaction of 9 instead with 1.0 equiv of C6F6 affords a mixture of oligomeric species assigned to the formula [−(2-RNCp)FeCp(1,4-C6F4)−]n (11). In contrast to 4, 11 is sufficiently soluble for...
Morphological Outcomes of Gynandromorphism in Lycaeides Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

The genitalia of male insects have been widely used in taxonomic identification and systematics and are potentially involved in maintaining reproductive isolation between species. Although sexual selection has been invoked to explain patterns of morphological variation in genitalia among populations and species, developmental plasticity in genitalia likely contributes to observed variation but has been rarely examined, particularly in wild populations. Bilateral gynandromorphs are individuals that are genetically male on one side of the midline and genetically female on the other, while mosaic gynandromorphs have only a portion of their body developing as the opposite sex. Gynandromorphs might offer unique insights into developmental plasticity because individuals experience abnormal cellular interactions at the genitalic midline. In this study, we compare the genitalia and wing patterns of gynandromorphic Anna and Melissa blue butterflies, Lycaeides anna (Edwards) (formerly L. idas anna) and L. melissa (Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), to the morphology of normal individuals from the same populations. Gynandromorph wing markings all fell within the range of variation of normal butterflies; however, a number of genitalic measurements were outliers when compared with normal individuals. From these results, we conclude that the gynandromorphs' genitalia, but not wing patterns, can be abnormal when compared with normal individuals and that the gynandromorphic genitalia do not deviate developmentally in a consistent pattern across individuals. Finally, genetic mechanisms are considered for the development of gynandromorphism in Lycaeides butterflies.
POSSIBLE DYNAMICAL ORIGINS OF INTERMITTENCY IN HIGH ENERGY COLLISIONS

This is a brief review of the dynamical origins of intermittency. For elementary processes involving leptons and hadrons, we discuss toy models, perturbative QCD, Monte-Carlo and other models. For complex processes involving nuclear collisions we review theoretical ideas on hadronic fluctuations as consequences of phase transition.
Interpretation of lattice-parameter changes accompanying the electrical transition caused by alloying V 2 O 3 into Ti 2 O 3

The changes in lattice parameters which occur in the (Ti/sub 1-x/V/sub x/)/sub 2/O/sub 3/ semiconductor-semimetal system as x is increased from 0 to 0.09 are interpreted in terms of the balance between the reduction in electronic (band) energy and the increase in elastic free energy accompanying strains which affect band overlap. Values are deduced for deformation potentials.
Movements of the tropical gorgonian‐eating gastropod cyphoma gibbosum (linnaeus): Association with wave surge

The intensity of wave surge significantly influences the movements of Cyphoma gibbosum on and between its gorgonian hosts. At a wave‐exposed site off the coast of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, C. gibbosum occurred predominantly on the lower 30 cm of host colonies, and occupied positions closer to the substrate during intervals of particularly high wave surge. Inter‐colony movements of C. gibbosum were more frequent during periods of low wave surge. The rate of attack by C. gibbosum was negatively correlated with the distance from the attacked colony to its nearest neighboring gorgonian. Thus, maritime weather conditions and the physical spacing of gorgonians significantly affect the interactions between C. gibbosum and its hosts. Previous studies have concentrated on biotic determinants of the behavior of C. gibbosum. The distribution of C. gibbosum on host colonies, however, appears to reflect a complex interplay of physical as well as biological processes.
Periocular Hemangiomas and Lymphangiomas

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor of childhood. Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomatous vascular tumors. Both lesions can be problematic when located in the periocular region. Pediatricians must be familiar with the characteristics of each which would necessitate referral to an ophthalmologist or other subspecialist for evaluation, including obstruction of the visual axis which can lead to amblyopia of the affected eye. Additional potential complications include proptosis, ocular motility limitation, optic nerve injury, and poor eyelid closure with or without corneal surface disease. All children with periocular hemangiomas or lymphangiomas should be referred to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation.
Procédés Anthroponymiques chez Rabelais

R. revalorise l'anthroponyme en lui accordant une fonction significative qui deplace sa fonction appellative. De ce fait, le nom se charge d'une valeur cratylique| c'est un signe dont le caractere a cesse d'etre arbitraire.
Solvent influence in the formation of normal and abnormal carbene complexes in reactions of imidazolium salts with [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(OCMe2)2]BF4

Abstract Abnormal and normal carbene complexes are formed in reactions of 2-pyridylmethylimidazolium salts with [Ir(H)2(PPh3)2(OCMe2)2]BF4 at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Reactions in THF lead to the formation of abnormal carbene (C-5 bound), while reactions in CH2Cl2 lead to formation of normal carbene (C-2 bound).
Meta-Analysis of Mathematic Basic-Fact Fluency Interventions: A Component Analysis

Mathematics fluency is a critical component of mathematics learning yet few attempts have been made to synthesize this research base. Seventeen single-case design studies with 55 participants were reviewed using meta-analytic procedures. A component analysis of practice elements was conducted and treatment intensity and feasibility were examined. Findings suggest that drill and practice with modeling produced the largest effect sizes. Treatments with more than 3 components yielded higher effect sizes than those with fewer than 3, and a combination of treatment agents lead to better outcomes than a single agent. Other findings pertaining to prebaseline assessment, treatment time, experimental design employed, and treatment setting are also discussed.