cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUMO-specific protease 2 in Mdm2-mediated regulation of p53.

Genetic analysis in mice has revealed a key genetic pathway, SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2)-Mdm2-p53, essential for trophoblast development. Targeted disruption of SENP2 impairs the G–S transition required for mitotic and endoreduplication cell cycles during the expansion of trophoblast stem cells and their differentiation into polyploidy cells, respectively. The disruption disturbed the subcellular distribution and SUMO modification of Mdm2, leading to interference with p53 degradation. Here, we further explore the mechanism underlying SENP2-mediated regulation of Mdm2 in p53-induced cellular stress. We identify a specific isoform of SENP2 necessary and sufficient to negatively regulate the p53-dependent transcription and its related stress responses. This isoform-specific effect is attributed to the differential compartmentalization of SENP2. SUMO conjugation of Mdm2 induces its co-localization and association with SENP2 in promyelocytic leukemia bodies. Biochemical studies show that SENP2 catalyzes the desumoylation process of Mdm2. SENP2-dependent regulation of Mdm2 is sensitive to its p53-binding activity. Our findings led us to propose a mechanism underlying the SENP2-mediated regulation of Mdm2 that is critical for genome integrity in p53-dependent stress responses.
THE SUPINATED MEDIOLATERAL RADIOGRAPH FOR DETECTION OF HUMERAL HEAD OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN THE DOG

Mediolateral and supinated mediolateral radiographs of the shoulder joint were compared in 19 dogs. Twenty shoulders, representing 15 dogs (5 had bilateral lesions), had osteochondrosis of the humeral head. The flattened humeral head and subchondral defect were detectable in both views in all affected shoulders. The lesions were slightly more easily detected in the supinated view. The supinated view more consistently demonstrated the presence of a calcified cartilage flap and therefore, could be useful in determining a course of therapy. In four dogs (8 shoulders) without osteochondrosis and six normal shoulders from affected dogs, there were no instances in which a shoulder appeared normal on one view, but demonstrated a lesion on the other. The supinated view should be obtained in addition to the mediolateral view in dogs with osteochondrosis of the humeral head.
Target detection algorithm in hyperspectral imaging using parametric model

A supervised subpixel target detection algorithm based on parametric general linear model using whitening transformation for hyperspectral imaging is developed. Statistical tests are described to assess the performance of the algorithm in comparison with the corresponding classical approach. Numerical results are presented to show that the parametric algorithm using low-order models can adequately represent the classical model.
General relativity in a (2+1)-dimensional space-time: An electrically charged solution

We have found a static electrically charged solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations in a (2+1)-dimensional space-time. Studies of general relativity in lower dimensional space-times provide many new insights and a simplified arena for doing quantum mechanics. In (2+1)-dimensional space-time, solutions to the vacuum field equations are locally flat (point masses are conical sigularities), but when electromagnetic fields are presentT ab ≠O and the solutions are curved. For a static chargeQ we find $$\mathop E\limits^ \to = Q\hat r/r$$ andds 2= −(kQ 2 /2π)In(r c /r)dt 2 + (2π/kQ 2[ln(r c /r)]−1 dr 2 +r 2 dφ 2 wherer c is a constant. There is a horizon atr =r c like the inner horizon of the Reisner-Nordstrom solution. We have produced a Kruskal extension of this metric which shows two static regions (I and III) withr <r c and two dynamical regions (II and IV) withr>r c . A spacelike slice across regions I and III shows a football-shaped universe with chargeQ at one end and −Q at the other. Slices in the dynamical regions (II and IV) show a cylindrical universe that is expanding in region II and contracting in region IV. Electromagnetic solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell field equations in lower dimensional space-times can be used to provide new insights into Kaluza-Klein theories. In terms of the Kaluza-Klein theory, for example, electromagnetic radiation in a (2+1)-dimensional space-time is really gravitational radiation in the associated (3+1)-dimensional Kaluza-Klein space-time. According to Kaluza Klein theory the absence of gravitational radiation in (2+1)-dimensional space-time implies (correctly) the absence of electromagnetic radiation in (1+1)-dimensional space-time.
Tracking postfire successional trajectories in a plant community adapted to high-severity fire

In order to develop management strategies that maintain native biodiversity in plant communities adapted to high-severity fire, an understanding of natural postfire succession in the target ecosystem is essential. Detailed information on fire effects is lacking for the sand pine (Pinus clausa [Chapm. ex Engelm.] Vasey ex Sarg.) scrub of the southeastern United States, limiting our ability to decide how and when to apply prescribed fire in this ecosystem. We studied the effects of fire-severity heterogeneity on sand pine scrub following a 4700-ha wildfire in Florida's Juniper Prairie Wilderness Area (USA). We identified four levels of fire severity (unburned, low, moderate, and high) and three pre-burn stand conditions (sapling, mature, and senescent). Study plots were established in each severity-stand-class combination, and were sampled at one and two years following fire. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination was applied in order to identify differences in community composition and successional trajectories in each of the stand-class-fire-severity combinations. NMS analyses indicated a shift in dominance between the dominant understory oak species, from Quercus myrtifolia Willd. to Quercus geminata Small, as sand pine basal area increases. Our ordination and regression results showed that Q. myrtifolia was the most aggressive colonizer of postfire open space, which is an important structural and habitat component of a sand pine scrub. Successional trajectories were heavily influenced by Quercus myrtifolia Willd. and were more uniform in the mature class than in the senescent class, probably due to more consistent overstory basal area. In both mature and sapling stands, herbaceous species cover was highest in moderate-severity plots. Woody-debris load varied significantly with stand age, fire severity level, and time. Sand pine seedling recruitment was highest in mature stands burned at high severity, while sapling and senescent stands exhibited much lower sand pine seedling recruitment rates at all levels of fire severity. The observed differences in seedling recruitment are expected to influence the progressive development of vertical structure and composition in the sand pine forest, leading to community differences that will persist and influence the effects of subsequent disturbances.
The evolution of human disease: new findings and problems

This paper briefly reviews the history of those diseases which are or have been the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality and draws attention to a ...contrast between the Old and New Worlds. (EXCERPT)
The transcription factor XBP-1 is essential for the development and survival of dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of an immune response. DC survival is tightly controlled by extracellular stimuli such as cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, but the intracellular events that translate such extracellular stimuli into life or death for the DC remain poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or unfolded protein response (UPR), is a signaling pathway that is activated when unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER. The most conserved arm of the UPR involves IRE1α, an ER transmembrane kinase and endoribonuclease that activates the transcription factor XBP-1 to maintain ER homeostasis and prevent activation of cell death pathways caused by sustained ER stress. We report that XBP-1 is essential for DC development and survival. Lymphoid chimeras lacking XBP-1 possessed decreased numbers of both conventional and plasmacytoid DCs with reduced survival both at baseline and in response to TLR signaling. Overexpression of XBP-1 in hematopoietic progenitors rescued and enhanced DC development. Remarkably, in contrast to other cell types we have examined, the XBP-1 pathway was constitutively activated in immature DCs.
Gaugeability for Unbounded Domains

Let D be a Greenian domain in R d(d ≥ 1), namely, its Green function G D(x, y) < ∞ for x, y ∈ D, x ≠ y, and let q ∈ K d (see [1] for definition); if q is only given in D, then we assume q(x) = 0 for x ∈ R d — D.
Studies of Calcium-Nickel-Potassium Oxide Films by Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

The use of synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy to study the composition and homogeneity of laser deposited films of calcium-nickel-potassium oxides is described. Experimental conditions for preparing the films are given, and the results are discussed with respect to the x-ray fluorescence data concerning the distribution of the three metals in the films.
Improvement in self-reported physical health predicts longer survival among women with a history of breast cancer

Physical health-related quality of life scores have been, inconsistently, associated with breast cancer prognosis. This analysis examined whether change in physical health scores were related to outcomes in women with a history of breast cancer. 2343 breast cancer survivors in a randomized diet trial provided self-reported assessment of physical health-related quality of life at baseline and year 1. Based on change in physical health score, participants were grouped into subpopulations of decreased physical health, no/minimal changes, and increased physical health. Cox regression analysis assessed whether change in physical health (from baseline to year 1) predicted disease-free and overall survival; hazard ratio (HR) was the measure of association. There were 294 additional breast cancer events and 162 deaths among women followed for 7.3 years. Improvements in physical health were associated with younger age, lower BMI, being employed, not receiving tamoxifen, lower physical activity, and lower baseline physical and mental health. There was no association of change in physical health with additional breast cancer events or mortality among women diagnosed ≤ 2 years before study enrollment. However, among women who entered the study >2 years post-diagnosis, the HR for increased compared to decreased physical health was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.16-0.85) for all-cause mortality. These results appear to support testing an intervention to improve physical health in breast cancer patients among patients after the acute stage of treatment.
Energy minimization for real-time systems with non-convex and discrete operation modes

We present an optimal methodology for dynamic voltage scheduling problem in the presence of realistic assumption such as leakage-power and intra-task overheads. Our contribution is an optimal algorithm for energy minimization that concurrently assumes the presence of (1) non-convex energy-speed models as opposed to previously studied convex models, (2) discrete set of operational modes (voltages) and (3) intra-task energy and delay overhead. We tested our algorithm on MediaBench and task sets used in previous papers. Our simulation results show an average of 22% improvement in energy reduction in comparison with optimal algorithms for convex models without switching overhead and on average of 24% with consideration for energy and delay overheads. This analysis lays the groundwork for improving functionality in CAD design through non-convex techniques for discrete models.
Building and Evaluating an Informatics Tool to Facilitate Analysis of a Biomedical Literature Search Service in an Academic Medical Center Library

This study utilizes an informatics tool to analyze a robust literature search service in an academic medical center library. Structured interviews with librarians were conducted focusing on the benefits of such a tool, expectations for performance, and visual layout preferences. The resulting application utilizes Microsoft SQL Server and .Net Framework 3.5 technologies, allowing for the use of a web interface. Customer tables and MeSH terms are included. The National Library of Medicine MeSH database and entry terms for each heading are incorporated, resulting in functionality similar to searching the MeSH database through PubMed. Data reports will facilitate analysis of the search service.
Women as Leaders in Kinesiology and Beyond: Smashing Through the Glass Obstacles

Amy Morris Homans was a great champion for women’s pursuit of leadership in physical education and sport. In honor of her legacy, the purpose of this article is to: (a) discuss some defining leadership characteristics of Amy Morris Homans; (b) examine leadership issues related to gender; (c) examine leadership issues related to kinesiology; and (d) delineate ways to overcome leadership obstacles related to both gender and kinesiology. In true Amy Morris Homans fashion, I draw from multiple perspectives to discuss these topics. I hope that this discussion at the congress challenges scholars to increase their awareness of the glass obstacles that confront our field, and design research studies on gender- and kinesiology-specific leadership challenges that will shatter those obstacles once and for all. If a new generation of women and men who champion women’s pursuit of and longevity in leadership roles is inspired, this lecture has been a success.
Past and new victimization among African American female drug users who participated in an HIV risk-reduction intervention.

This study examined to what extent a culturally and women‐specific sexual risk reduction intervention resulted in a decline of new victimization. Additionally, we sought to identify factors associated with new victimization, defined as victimization during the 6 months after enrollment in the study. Female African American drug users (N = 333, ages 18–59 years) completed questionnaires. Past victimization was a major predictor of new victimization. The likelihood of new victimization, however, declined significantly when compared to past victimization. Factors associated with victimization included enhanced intervention assignment, frequency of drug use, and lifestyle factors such as criminal behavior, drug use in a public setting, and living in an unstable situation. Results indicate the need to incorporate strategies to reduce victimization in HIV/AIDS and other health‐related prevention and intervention programs.
Real refractive indices and volatility of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation and ozonolysis of limonene, α-pinene and toluene

Abstract. Thermodenuding particles can provide insights into aerosol composition and may be a way to create particles in laboratory chambers that better mimic the atmosphere. The relative volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigated by evaporating organics from the particles using a thermodenuder (TD) at temperatures between ∼60 and 100 °C. Volatility was influenced by the parent hydrocarbon, oxidation chemistry and relative humidity (RH). For SOA generated from ozonolysis, limonene had lower volatility than α-pinene, and OH scavengers had no influence on volatility. For photooxidation, α-pinene SOA was slightly more volatile than limonene SOA. Increasing RH also modestly increased volatility, while toluene SOA was unaffected by heating to 98 °C. For both α-pinene and limonene, the concentration of NO x and the HC / NO x ratio had no discernible effect on SOA volatility. Refractive indices for the original and denuded particles were retrieved from polar nephelometer measurements using parallel and perpendicular polarized 532 nm light. Retrievals were performed with a genetic algorithm method using Mie–Lorenz scattering theory and measured particle size distributions. Retrieved refractive indices for the SOA before thermodenuding varied between 1.35 and 1.61 depending on several factors, including parent hydrocarbon, oxidation chemistry, and SOA generation temperature. For high NO x SOA, as particles shrink, their refractive index returns to the value of the corresponding size particles before heating (limonene) or slightly higher (α-pinene). For low NO x however, the resulting refractive index is 0.05 ± 0.02 lower than the corresponding size undenuded particles. Additionally, for α-pinene SOA from ozonolysis with OH radical scavenger, resulting refractive indices were higher by about 0.03 after heating. Consistent with no change in size, refractive indices of toluene SOA were unaffected by heating. Finally, refractive index data available to date are reviewed, leading to the suggestion that the most representative values for m r at λ =532 nm for biogenic and anthropogenic SOA are 1.44 and 1.55, respectively.
The murky origin of Snow White and her T-even dwarfs.

That two distinct kinds of substances—the d9Herelle substances and the genes—should both possess this most remarkable property of heritable variation or “mutability,” each working by a totally different mechanism, is quite conceivable, considering the complexity of protoplasm, yet it would seem a curious coincidence indeed. It would open up the possibility of two totally different kinds of life, working by different mechanisms. On the other hand, if these d9Herelle bodies were really genes, fundamentally like our chromosome genes, they would give us an utterly new angle from which to attack the gene problem. They are filterable, to some extent isolable, can be handled in test-tubes, and their properties, as shown by their effects on the bacteria, can then be studied after treatment. It would be very rash to call these bodies genes, and yet at present we must confess that there is no distinction known between the genes and them. Hence we cannot categorically deny that perhaps we may be able to grind genes in a mortar and cook them in a beaker after all. Must we geneticists become bacteriologists, physiological chemists, and physicists, simultaneously with being zoologists and botanists? Let us hope so. H. J. Muller (1922, pp. 48–49)
Intraventricular pressure differences: a new window into cardiac function.

Like all fluids, blood tends to flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure. This seemingly trite observation hides a great deal of sophisticated pathophysiology that we are only beginning to exploit diagnostically and potentially therapeutically. In this issue of Circulation , Yotti and colleagues have exploited a new noninvasive technique to measure the small pressure differences generated within the normal left ventricular outflow tract in systole, demonstrating the utility of such measurements in quantifying ventricular systolic function.1 Because the fluid dynamics concepts behind these methods remain obscure to many cardiologists, it is worth reviewing the theoretical underpinnings in the hope that they will be more widely applied on the basis of articles like those of Yotti et al and others. See p 1771 Cardiologists have become comfortable with the use of the Gorlin equation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and the simplified Bernoulli equation in the echocardiography laboratory to characterize the severity of valvular stenosis. Both equations are based on the principle of conservation of energy, relating the pressure drop (potential energy) across the valve to the rise in velocity (kinetic energy) as blood rushes through it. Several special circumstances combine to make these simple equations particularly applicable to flow through a restrictive orifice, including lack of a significant friction factor (viscosity) and a lack of pressure recovery as the blood rushes out of the abrupt obstruction. One of the most important simplifications is the absence of a significant “inertial” component to flow through a restrictive orifice. That is, the amount of blood actually moving at high velocity is tiny compared with the volume of the overall column of blood in the left ventricular outflow tract. Thus, very little pressure is expended in getting that small mass moving, and all of the potential energy lost across the …
The effects of a concurrent task on walking in persons with transfemoral amputation compared to persons without limb loss.

BACKGROUND: Many people with lower limb loss report the need to concentrate on walking. This may indicate increased reliance on cognitive resources when walking compared to individuals without limb loss. OBJECTIVE: This study quantified changes in walking associated with addition of a concurrent cognitive task in persons with transfemoral amputation using microprocessor knees compared to age- and sex-matched controls. STUDY DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Quantitative motion analysis was used to assess walking under both single-task (walking alone) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions. Primary outcomes were walking speed, step width, step time asymmetry, and cognitive task response latency and accuracy. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of task (single-task and dual-task) and group (transfemoral amputation and control) for each outcome. RESULTS: No significant interactions between task and group were observed (all p > 0.11) indicating that a cognitive task did not differentially affect walking between groups. However, walking was slower with wider steps and more asymmetry in people with transfemoral amputation compared to controls under both conditions. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in walking between people with transfemoral amputation and matched controls, the effects of a concurrent cognitive task on walking were similar between groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The addition of a concurrent task did not differentially affect walking outcomes in people with and without transfemoral amputation. However, compared to people without limb loss, people with transfemoral amputation adopted a conservative walking strategy. This strategy may reduce the need to concentrate on walking but also contributed to notable gait deviations. Language: en
Diversity of Arthropod Responses to Host-plant Water Stress in a Desert Ecosystem in Southern New Mexico

Abstract Previous studies of insect-plant interactions have produced the contradictory Plant Stress Hypothesis (that stressed plants are more suitable hosts for phytophages) and Plant Vigor Hypothesis (that vigorous plants are more suitable hosts for phytophages). However, experimental studies of phytophage responses to host stress have involved only one, or a few, related phytophagous species, not whole communities of organisms associated with a particular plant species. We evaluated responses of various arthropods associated with creosotebush Larrea tridentata to manipulated water availability and plant stress in southern New Mexico during 1990–1991. Of 44 arthropod groups (taxa or functional groups) evaluated in our study only two taxa (including a lepidopteran folivore) showed significant negative response to water availability, thereby supporting the Plant Stress Hypothesis. Ten taxa (including eight phytophages) responded positively to water availability, supporting the Plant Vigor Hypothesis. One p...
Nanometer Device Scaling in Subthreshold Logic and SRAM

Subthreshold circuit design is promising for future ultralow-energy sensor applications as well as highly parallel high-performance processing. Device scaling has the potential to increase speed in addition to decreasing both energy and cost in subthreshold circuits. However, no study has yet considered whether device scaling to 45 nm and beyond will be beneficial for subthreshold logic. We investigate the implications of device scaling on subthreshold logic and SRAM and And that the slow scaling of gate-oxide thickness leads to a 60% reduction in Ion/Ioff between the 90- and 32-nm device generations. We highlight the effects of this device degradation on noise margins, delay, and energy. We subsequently propose an alternative scaling strategy and demonstrate significant improvements in noise margins, delay, and energy in sub-Vth circuits. Using both optimized and unoptimized subthreshold device models, we explore the robustness of scaled subthreshold SRAM. We use a simple variability model and find that even small memories become unstable at advanced technology nodes. However, the simple device optimizations suggested in this paper can be used to improve nominal read noise margins by 64% at the 32-nm node.
The albatross of product innovation

Product innovation is the driving force behind many of today’s most successful companies. These firms have devoted tremendous resources to the new product development process in a dynamic attempt to meet the needs of the marketplace. New products are, in fact, a central element of their competitive strategy. The potential benefits of successful product innovation-prolonged growth, superior returns, strong investor interest, esprit de corps among employees-are undeniable. However, the question arises: Are there conditions under which product innovation can detract from corporate performance?
The Effect of Relative Flow on the Asymmetric Structure in the Interior of Hurricanes

Abstract Asymmetric structure of tropical cyclones simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory high-resolution triply nested movable-mesh hurricane model was analyzed. Emphasis was placed on the quasi-steady component of the asymmetric structure in the region of the eyewall. It was found that the asymmetry was primarily caused by the relative wind, that is, the flow entering and leaving the storm region relative to the moving storm. A set of idealized numerical experiments was first performed both with a constant and a variable Coriolis parameter ( f ) and the addition of basic flows that were either constant or sheared with height. Analysis was then made for one case of Hurricane Gilbert (1988) to demonstrate that the quasi-steady asymmetric structure analyzed in the idealized studies could be identified in this real data case. Vorticity analysis in the variable f experiment indicated that quasi-steady asymmetries resulted in the eyewall region through the effect of vorticity advection due to ...
Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation: Note on Illumination and the Bleaching Hypothesis

The effect of illumination on the outcome of subliminal psychodynamic activation experiments is discussed and the bleaching hypothesis Silverman, Ross, Adler, and Lustig in 1978 used to explain neg...
Ellipsometric study of the electronic structure of Ga1-xMnxAs and low-temperature GaAs

We have measured the optical constants of Ga1-xMnxAs from 0.62 to 6 eV, using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The second derivatives of the dielectric function are examined through a critical point analysis, allowing us to inspect interband transitions from different points in k space. The evolution of the band structure over a broad doping range is determined. Specifically, the E-1 critical point shifts to higher energies with increased doping of Mn, while all other critical points appear unaffected. The evolution of the critical points results from the interplay between band-gap renormalization due to ionized impurities and sp-d hybridization of the Mn induced impurity band with GaAs valence and conductions bands.
Community Mental Health Service Providers' Codes of Ethics and the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

This study compared the codes of ethics of 13 professional organizations for community mental health service providers that have been represented at the meetings of the Fair Access Coalition for Testing with the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA], & National Council on Measurement in Education [NCME], 1985) and all those standards cited in the revised Standards (AERA, APA, & NCME, 1999) that the investigators identified as pertaining to clinical assessment, as these standards apply to test users. The results suggest that only 2 of the codes of ethics address many of the Standards. Implications and recommendations for professional organizations are provided.
High-performance P- n- p heterojunction bipolar transistor design

Abstract The performance of P - n - p AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for analog and digital circuit applications is compared to that of N - p - n HBTs. The theoretical analysis shows that the P - n - p HBTs are comparable with N - p - n HBTs in high-speed digital operation, while the N - p - n HBTs exhibit higher cut-off frequency in microwave and millimeter-wave operation. Analytical equations and SPICE circuit simulation are used in support of the comparison between the P - n - p and N - p - n HBTs. Optimization of device doping profile design for P - n - p and N - p - n heterojunction bipolar transistors in analog and digital circuits are presented.
Required Sample Size to Detect the Mediated Effect

Mediation models are widely used, and there are many tests of the mediated effect. One of the most common questions that researchers have when planning mediation studies is, "How many subjects do I need to achieve adequate power when testing for mediation?" This article presents the necessary sample sizes for six of the most common and the most recommended tests of mediation for various combinations of parameters, to provide a guide for researchers when designing studies or applying for grants.
Sign‐trackers have elevated myo‐inositol in the nucleus accumbens and ventral hippocampus following Pavlovian conditioned approach

Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) is a behavioral procedure that can be used to assess individual differences in the addiction vulnerability of drug-naive rats and identify addiction vulnerability factors. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) ex vivo, we simultaneously analyzed concentrations of multiple neurochemicals throughout the mesocorticolimbic system 2 weeks after PCA training in order to identify potential vulnerability factors to addiction in drug-naive rats for future investigations. Levels of myo-inositol (Ins), a 1 H-MRS-detectable marker of glial activity/proliferation, were increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral hippocampus, but not dorsal hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex, of sign-trackers compared to goal-trackers or intermediate responders. In addition, Ins levels positively correlated with PCA behavior in the NAc and ventral hippocampus. Because the sign-tracker phenotype is associated with increased drug-seeking behavior, these results observed in drug-naive rats suggest that alterations in glial activity/proliferation within these regions may represent an addiction vulnerability factor. Sign-tracking rats preferentially approach reward cues during Pavlovian conditioning, while goal-trackers instead approach the location of impending reward. Sign-trackers are also more prone to cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that myo-inositol levels are higher in the ventral hippocampus and nucleus accumbens of sign-trackers relative to goal-trackers. Thus, elevated myo-inositol may be a vulnerability factor for addiction.
A Pot-Economical Approach to the Total Synthesis of Sch-725674

A pot-economical total synthesis of antifungal Sch-725674, 1, is reported. The approach takes advantage of a number of one-pot, sequential transformations, including a phosphate tether-mediated one-pot, sequential RCM/CM/chemoselective hydrogenation protocol, a one-pot tosylation/acrylation sequence, and a one-pot, sequential Finkelstein reaction/Boord olefination/acetonide deprotection procedure to streamline the synthesis route by reducing isolation and purification procedures, thus saving time. Overall, an asymmetric route has been developed that is efficiently accomplished in seven pots from phosphate (S,S)-triene and with minimal purification.
Sen of Inequality

This paper summarizes and critiques Amartya Sen’s use of functionings and capabilities to evaluate inequality and poverty. He judges that 'things' and 'means' to acquire things are inadequate measurements of poverty. His approach keys upon the functionings that can be performed by the poor and the capability sets that are available to them from which they can choose. Sen’s strategy proposes to enlarge these sets and provide improved functionings within them. Although this approach is preferable to a bare income or commodities orientation, it fails to appropriately emphasize the personal qualities that largely determine whether capability sets will be acted upon. Sen focuses upon a person’s range of available action and neglects the motivations that spur that person to choose and to apply herself to her choice. He also presumes that the functionings that constitute well-being, despite their individual and interrelated complexities, can be described and guaranteed without surpassing available resources, e.g., information, revenues and public support. A hierarchy of functionings is necessary to guide the commitment of resources and establish boundaries for their application.
Click: Using Smart Devices For Physical Collaborative Coding Education

In this paper we introduce Click, a physical coding platform that utilizes smart devices as component pieces. Click encourages group learning of coding by turning individual smart devices into code blocks. These code blocks can then be connected to form programs. By contributing more personal devices to the code chain, users are able to increase program complexity. Because code blocks in Click have a physical and virtual component, we designed virtual interactions that encourage physical manipulation of devices. Finally we show example programs that can be built on the system. Code chains are able to use inbuilt and installed smart device hardware and software as inputs/outputs, because of this, the power of resulting programs grow in line with advances in smart device technology.
Interfacial stability of iron doped lanthanum strontium chromite and Scandia stabilized zirconia in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere

Abstract This study reports the interfacial stability of doped (La 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.95 Cr 0.7 Fe 0.3 O 3 (LSCF) and 10Sc1CeSZ system in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere for the application of oxygen transport membrane (OTM) device. Role of oxygen partial pressure (PO 2 ) on the interfacial stability of LSCF with 10Sc1CeSZ is studied under OTM fabrication conditions (1400 °C, PO 2 ~ 0.21–10 − 10 atm). Interfacial stability corresponding to the interaction between LSCF and 10Sc1CeSZ decreases with decrease in PO 2 . Interfacial study of LSCF with 10Sc1CeSZ shows absence and presence of strontium zirconate (SrZrO 3 ) at the interface in oxidizing (PO 2 ~ 0.21 atm) and reducing atmosphere (PO 2 ~ 10 − 10 atm) at 1400 °C respectively. Mechanism for the formation of SrZrO 3 is reported.
Prognostic factors in metastatic renal carcinoma.

AbstractWe reviewed 181 cases of metastatic renal carcinoma treated from 1973 to 1982 to characterize the factors associated with prolonged survival. Cumulative survival from the date of first known metastasis was analyzed with respect to the patient age, sex, interval free of disease, performance status, site of metastasis and nephrectomy. Survival for the entire group was 73 per cent at 6 months, 48 per cent at 1 year and 9 per cent at 5 years. Age and sex did not influence survival. Improved survival was correlated with long interval free of disease between nephrectomy and discovery of metastases, normal performance status, metastases limited to the lung parenchyma and removal of the primary tumor. The effect of nephrectomy on survival was not separable from effects of patient selection. The subgroup of patients with the favorable characteristics had longer survival than was reported previously for advanced renal carcinoma (50 per cent at 3 years, median 24 months). These patients may be appropriate ca...
Shifting Attendance Trajectories from Middle to High School: Influences of School Transitions and Changing School Contexts

In the current study, we examine patterns of school attendance across middle and high school with a diverse sample of 8,908 students (48% female; 54% Latino, 31% White, 13% African American, 2% Asian American). Attendance declined from middle through high school, but this overall pattern masked important variations. In total, 44% of students maintained their attendance trajectories from middle to high school (11% stable high, 19% high-decreasing, 10% mid-decreasing, 4% low-decreasing), and shifting attendance trajectories often signaled greater school disengagement (38% shifted to poorer attendance trajectories, 18% experienced improved attendance trajectories). Transition experiences, school structural characteristics, and the divergence between students’ middle and high schools provided insights into which students recovered, becoming more engaged in high school versus those who became more disconnected. Implications for identifying and intervening with disengaged youth are discussed.
Hemorrhagic and necrotic reactions in guinea pigs during protracted anaphylactic shock.

Summary1. A massive hemorrhagic reaction was observed at site of subcutaneous injection of large amounts of egg albumin in guinea pigs sensitized with egg albumin incorporated in water-in-oil emulsions containing killed M. tuberculosis or killed M. butyricum. No hemorrhages were seen in guinea pigs sensitized with paraffin oil adjuvants without mycobacteria, although these animals had circulating antibodies in amounts comparable to those in guinea pigs sensitized using mycobacteria. 2. Guinea pigs sensitized by intracutaneous injection of egg albumin in paraffin oil adjuvants with or without mycobacteria underwent a protracted but usually non-lethal anaphylactic shock after a subcutaneous eliciting injection of egg albumin. On the contrary, in guinea pigs sensitized by intracutaneous injection of egg albumin in saline alone, death occurred in 39 to 66 minutes and at necropsy there were manifestations of a combination of symptoms of acute (pulmonary emphysema) and protracted shock. In accordance with previ...
Mechanism of metamorphic zircon growth in a granulite-facies quartzite, Adirondack Highlands, Grenville Province, New York

Granulite-facies quartzites from the Adirondack Highlands (Grenville Province, New York) contain accessory zircon with ubiquitous metamorphic overgrowths. Detrital zircon cores are resorbed, preserve various internal zoning styles and inclusions, and have ages of 1.3 to 2.7 Ga. These ages constrain the timing of deposition of the protolith sandstone and suggest that the Adirondack Highlands were proximal or part of Laurentia during deposition. Metamorphic overgrowths formed in the quartzites during the Shawinigan orogeny (1.20–1.14 Ga). The average volume of overgrowths in eight samples ranges from 62–87%, with a positive correlation between zircon growth and feldspar content (melt productivity during metamorphism). Melt volumes and Zr solubility were too small to allow the overgrowths to have formed in one dissolution-precipitation event. Crystal-size distributions suggest zircon coarsening by the dissolution of small crystals and Zr transfer via a partial melt, and thus zircon overgrowths date anatexis. These results have implications for provenance studies, as dissolution of small zircon grains and growth of new zircon could bias age spectra of metasedimentary rocks.
A Granulosis Virus for Indian Meal Moth Control in Stored Wheat and Corn

Aqueous and dust applications of a lactose formulation of a granulosis virus (ca. 3.2×107 capsules/mg) were equally effective in protecting wheat against Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and a dose of 1.875 mg of formulated virus/kg of grain gave good control. Treatment of the surface layer of wheat or corn to a depth of 100 mm was more effective than treatments applied to depths of 33 or 67 mm and was almost as effective as treating the entire grain mass. Grain in the treated layer need not be uniformly treated since the level of insect mortality was unchanged whether the treatment was applied to every kernel or to only part of the kernels.
Intersectionality and publics: How exploring publics’ multiple identities questions basic public relations concepts:

As a descriptive theory, intersectionality refers to individuals’ interdependent and simultaneous identities that affect how publics confront issues. In this article, we introduce an intersectional...
Taste coding in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons in awake, freely licking rats and comparison with the nucleus of the solitary tract

In the rodent, the parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN) receives information about taste directly from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Here we examined how information about taste qualit...
Effects of sodium phenylpyruvate on brain amino acids.

SummaryAddition of sodium phenylpyruvate to rat brain slices incubated in vitro with glucose resulted in an increase in brain phenylalanine with a decrease in concentration of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glutamine. The concentration of other brain amino acids was not affected.
Commercial Decision System Based on Data Warehouse and OLAP

This article presents some interrelated concepts which abstracted from Data Warehouse and OLAP, then thesystem structure frame was built, which is based on OLAP of Data Warehouse. At last, this paper introduces the analyt-ical method of Data Warehouse in OLAP system.
Poly (L-Lysine) and Poly (D-Lysine) Conjugates of Methotrexate: Different Inhibitory Effect on Drug Resistant Cells

Conjugation of methotrexate to poly(L-lysine) markedly increases its cellular uptake and offers a new way to overcome drug resistance related to deficient transport. Conjugates using poly(L-lysines) of molecular weights varying from 3,100 to 130,000 have comparable effects on a drug resistant CHO cell line. Conjugates using poly(D-lysine), however, have no effect on either resistant or normal CHO cells. Both the L- and D-isomeric conjugates are taken up by cells in comparable fashion. Since even the biologically active conjugates are poor inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.5.1.3) in vitro, it is concluded that the conjugate must give rise in the cell to a pharmacologically active breakdown product. Such a product can be detected in cells exposed to the L-isomeric, but not in cells exposed to the D-isomeric conjugates. Excess of poly(L-lysine) only moderately decreases methotrexate-poly(L-lysine) uptake but markedly decreases its inhibitory effect on cell growth.
An efficient algorithm for fault-tolerant rendezvous of multi-robot systems with controllable sensing range

In this paper, we explore the problem of rendezvous of synchronous multi-robot systems. Each robot has its own unique, bounded yet controllable sensing range which can be adjusted. The state of those robots within the sensing range can be estimated, which induces the directed network topology of the multi-robot systems. In particular, we consider multi-robot systems containing faulty robots which can behave arbitrarily. Our recent work [1] has addressed the problem of achieving rendezvous in the presence of faulty robots under a restrictive class of conditions on network topology. In this work, we presented a theoretically correct, but computationally intractable algorithm. We extend our past work by proposing a new approximate algorithm that is computationally efficient, and by showing that the proposed algorithm solves our problem given faulty robots in general configurations under mild assumptions on the network topology. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to provide an efficient computational framework and analysis of robust rendezvous algorithm in the presence of faulty robots. Several simulation results are provided to demonstrate that our algorithm performs well in the face of both stationary and dynamic faults.
Néphroblastome extra-rénal. A propos d'un cas

The case of a three year old boy with a rare extra-renal nephroblastoma is presented. The possible origins of these tumors will be considered as well as the prognosis and differential evaluation by CT.
SU-F-T-127: Charged Particle Transport in Condensed Media

Purpose: Provide quality interaction cross sections for charged particle Monte Carlo (MC) track structure codes and evaluate low energy electron transport in condensed media. Methods: MC methods and codes are often used to model or simulate charged particle radiation transport in matter. Detailed (or event-by-event) track structure simulations are of special interest for the modeling of the physical and chemical stages of radiation action with matter and the initial radiation damage to biological systems. They require reliable interaction cross sections of all radiation qualities considered (e.g., electrons, protons, alpha particles, light and heavy ions) with the target material under consideration, mainly in the condensed phase, including liquids and solids. Interaction cross sections are calculated using the dielectric formalism, a mixture of first principles, theoretical modeling and experimental information for bulk and surface transport and implemented into MC track structure codes. Secondary electron emission yields from amorphous solid water (ASW) and thin metal foils (copper and gold) after fast proton impact are simulated and measured experimentally. Results: After considering different transport models for bulk and surface transport and a careful modeling of the experimental geometry, simulated secondary electron emission yields follow the trends of experimental data well. Furthermore, yields for electron emissions below 50 eV are sensitive to differential elastic scattering cross sections. Conclusion: Low-energy electron transport in condensed media is still a challenge for detailed track structure simulation codes. Interaction cross-sections, transport models, and target geometry need to be considered adequately. The research was funded in part by NSF Major Research Instrumentation Program 2009, Award Number: 0923270 and by NIH/NCI R01 CA93351.