cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen adsorption on metal-organic framework MOF-177

Abstract This review summarizes the recent literature on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of meal-organic framework MOF-177. MOF-177 is a porous crystalline material that consists of Zn4O tetrahedrons connected with benzene tribenzoate (BTB) ligands. It is an ideal adsorbent with an exceptionally high specific surface area (BET>4500 m2/g), a uniform micropore size distribution with a median pore diameter of 12.7 A, a large pore volume (2.65 cm3/g), and very promising adsorption properties for hydrogen storage and other gas separation and purification applications. A hydrogen adsorption amount of 19.6 wt.% on MOF-177 at 77 K and 100 bar was observed, and a CO2 uptake of 35 mmol/g on MOF-177 was measured at 45 bar and an ambient temperature. Other hydrogen properties (kinetics and heat of adsorption) along with adsorption of other gases including CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O on MOF-177 were also be discussed. It was observed in experiments that MOF-177 adsorbent tends to degrade or decompose when it is exposed to moisture. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of MOF-177 remains intact at temperatures below 330°C under a flow of oxygen, but decomposes to zinc oxide at 420°C.
Variable-frequency multilayer PVDF transducers for ultrasound imaging

We have developed an innovative, nonresonant wide bandwidth multilayer PVDF ultrasonic transducer, well suited for both conventional clinical imaging in the frequency range 3 - 15 MHz as well as for high frequency back-scatter microscopy imaging between 20 - 100 MHz. Such operation is desirable in clinical practice, eliminating the need for the separate probes used to minimize the tradeoff between achievable penetration depths and desired image resolution. The unique properties of our transducer were achieved by stacking individual PVDF layers in a parallel or anti-parallel polarization direction following a Barker coded pattern. The thickness of a single layer determines our transducer's bandwidth; its electrical properties are similar to those of conventional PZT transducers; and its overall pulse-echo sensitivity is sufficiently high for directly interfacing with a commercially available ultrasound imaging system. Using our transducer model, key parameters of the design were predicted and compared with single layer PZT and PVDF transducers in the 3 - 15 MHz and 25 - 100 MHz frequency ranges, respectively. Several prototypes of our wide bandwidth multilayer transducers were fabricated and tested in water. Agreement between experimental results and corresponding computer predictions indicate that the multilayer design outperforms the PZT transducer with respect to axial resolution and overall pulse-echo sensitivity in the frequency range 3 - 100 MHz.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The diagnostic utility of p63, CK5/6, CK 7, and CK 20 in distinguishing primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms from metastatic carcinomas

Background: Distinguishing primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms (PCANs) from metastatic carcinomas (MCs) can be difficult. We study the utility of p63, CK 5/6, CK 7, and 20 expression in PCAN vs. MC. Methods: Twenty-one PCAN with sweat gland differentiation (six benign, 15 malignant), one sebaceous carcinoma, and 15 MC (14 adenocarcinomas, one urothelial carcinoma) to skin were retrieved from the pathology files. Immunostains for p63, CK 5/6, CK 7, and CK 20 were performed and graded as follows: 1, 50% of tumor cells stained. Results: Twenty of 22 PCAN expressed p63 and CK 5/6. Four of 15 and two of 15 MC were positive for CK 5/6 and p63, respectively. Thirteen of 22 PCAN and 13 of 15 MC were positive for CK 7, respectively. All PCAN were negative for CK 20, two of 15 MC were positive. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PCAN were 91 and 73% for CK 5/6, 91 and 100% for p63, and 60 and 13% for CK 7, respectively. Conclusions: For distinguishing PCAN from MC: (1) positivity for p63 and CK 5/6 are relatively specific and sensitive for PCAN, (2) CK 7 and 20 are neither sensitive nor specific, and (3) CK 7 positivity in PCAN was focal with a specific pattern in contrast to the diffuse positivity for MC.
Bio-inspired design of sensor system for damage prognosis

Damage prognosis of structures and systems can be significantly improved by developing intelligent sensors with adaptive sensitivity to the ambient signals via self-tuned criticality. Active amplification of weak signals using an inherent dynamical sensory mechanism which is maintained at the threshold of an oscillatory instability is proposed in this paper as a general framework for designing and developing sensors for damage detection and prognosis for civil and mechanical systems. This idea is inspired by the sensing mechanism of mammalian cochlea to develop a new sensing system paradigm. A numerical feasibility study of such a sensor system is conducted and presented as a building block for more general design and future implementation.
Hybrid equations of motion for flexible multibody systems using quasicoordinates

A variety of engineering systems, such as automobiles, aircraft, rotorcraft, robots, spacecraft, etc., can be modeled as flexible multibody systems. The individual flexible bodies are in general characterized by distributed parameters. In most earlier investigations they were approximated by some spatial discretization procedure, such as the classical Rayleigh-Ritz method or the finite element method. This paper presents a mathematical formulation for distributed-parameter multibody systems consisting of a set of hybrid (ordinary and partial) differential equations of motion in terms of quasi-coordinates. Moreover, the equations for the elastic motions include rotatory inertia and shear deformation effects. The hybrid set is cast in state form, thus making it suitable for control design.
Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus, L.): Shelf Life in Ice

Spoilage pattern of ice stored Atlantic Mackerel was monitored by determining trimethylamine (TMA), total aerobic plate counts and histamine levels. Hypoxanthine accumulation was used as the freshness index, coupled with sensory evaluation of fresh fish. These tests indicated that mackerel can be stored fresh in ice up to 9 days, after which the accumulation of bacteria, TMA and histamine was rapid. Hypoxanthine levels increased between 0–10 days and appeared to increase at a slightly slower rate until day 16, then it declined.
Boundaries and Early Jazz: Defining a New Music

The diffusion of jazz into the musical mainstream during the 1920s served as a site for the struggle to define ongoing changes both in the arts and in the broader society. I analyze the discursive themes that framed the contention over the music by connecting the notion of boundary-work to fields of cultural production. In doing so, I demonstrate that the content of boundary-work is shaped by the field in which a speaker is positioned. ‘High’ and popular artists, civic and political leaders, and general cultural critics defined differently the alleged impact of jazz. These differences in content fueled the dynamism of the contention by giving expression to the different interests at stake, interests that reflect the specific authority to name the truth generated by a given field.
Occupation time distributions for Lévy bridges and excursions

Abstract Let X be a one-dimensional Levy process. It is shown that under the bridge law for X starting from 0 and ending at 0 at time t, the amount of time X spends positive has a uniform distribution on [0, t]. When 0 is a regular point, this uniform distribution result leads to an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the joint distribution of the pair (R, AR), where R is the length of an excursion of X from 0, and AR is the total time X spends positive during the excursion. More concrete expressions are obtained for stable processes by specialization. In particular, a formula determining the distribution of A R R is given in the stable case.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast diagnosed by 11-gauge directional vacuum-assisted biopsy.

Abstract Background Small nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities are frequently diagnosed by percutaneous stereotactically guided core needle biopsy. The reliability of the histologic diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) made from tissue obtained by 11-gauge directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy of these nonpalpable breast lesions is unknown. Methods The records of 31 patients who were found to have ADH by 11-gauge directional vacuum-assisted biopsy were reviewed. All of these patients subsequently underwent surgical excision with needle localization biopsy of the ADH and they are the subjects of this retrospective study. Results Eleven of the 31 patients with ADH on 11-gauge directional vacuum-assisted biopsy were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ or infiltrating carcinoma by the excisional biopsy. This was a 35% underestimation of malignancy in our patients. Conclusions When the histologic diagnosis of ADH is made from tissue harvested by an 11-gauge directional vacuum assisted biopsy, surgical excision of the entire abnormality is recommended to avoid underdiagnosis of breast cancer.
Third-Order Nonlinear Acoustic Instabilities in Combustion Chambers, Part II: Transverse Modes

An analytical analysis has been developed to investigate the behavior of unsteady transverse pressure oscillations in combustion chambers. The model extends the previous analysis for the second-order standing wave motions and accommodates spinning oscillations and third-order nonlinearities. The influences of various parameters and initial conditions on the limit cycles and triggering of pressure oscillations are discussed. Results indicate that the existence of spinning oscillations depends strongly on the number of modes included in the analysis and on the initial conditions. The third-order acoustics has little influence on the triggering of instability. It only modifies the characteristics of limiting amplitudes.
Factors influencing Lysis of Whole Blood Clots

LITTLE is known about the mechanism by which blood clots or fibrin monolayers usually lyse. The enzyme plasmin (fibrinolysin) has been assumed to play a key part in this mechanism and for this reason plasmin, its substrates fibrinogen and fibrin and its naturally occurring inhibitors have all been extensively studied and characterized1. The biological importance of these studies has depended on the assumption that the plasmin system serves to maintain the homeostatic balance between the polymerization of fibrin and the dissolution of this polymer. Although much is known about the activation of the polymerization phase of this homeostatic system, there is little information about the mode of activation of the clot dissolving or plasmin system in the intact blood clot. We describe here in qualitative terms some of the factors and steps involved in the lysis of a clot from whole blood diluted 1: 10 with phosphate buffer2.
Infrared temperature measurement of polymers

Infrared (IR) thermosensors that measure the temperature of polymeric melts in processing equipment by guiding the thermal radiation along optical fibers to the optovoltaic transducer are on the market. The fundamental concepts of thermal radiation must be viewed in a volumetric sense. In sequence, a model is presented to estimate the response of such IR thermosensors. It is dictated by the volumetric absorptivity of the polymer and the transmittance of the optical fiber. For typical commercial IR thermosensors, the entire wavelength range between 1.5 and 2.2 μm is relevant. Penetration depths can vary from magnitudes of mm to dm, since the IR probe is sensitive to the maximum temperatures in its acceptance volume. These findings were put to the test in two different experimental settings. In the first, the calculations overestimated the comparable experimental, values by 10 to 20°C, but were reasonable given the relatively simple experimental apparatus. In the second setup, the maximum temperature of melt coming off the screws, measured by penetrating a small thermocouple into the stream, matched the IR temperature sensor's readings. The measurement of temperature excursions in different mixing geometries is demonstrated. No kneading section with forward staggered paddles gave significant increases in temperature. In contrast, maximum temperature excursions could be measured when reverse elements were in place.
A validated LC-MS/MS assay for quantification of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

24(S)-hydroxycholesterol [24(S)-HC] is a cholesterol metabolite that is formed almost exclusively in the brain. The concentrations of 24(S)-HC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or plasma might be a sensitive marker of altered cholesterol metabolism in the CNS. A highly sensitive 2D-LC-MS/MS assay was developed for the quantification of 24(S)-HC in human plasma and CSF. In the development of an assay for 24(S)-HC in CSF, significant nonspecific binding of 24(S)-HC was observed and resolved with the addition of 2.5% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) into CSF samples. The sample preparation consists of liquid-liquid extraction with methyl-tert-butyl ether and derivatization with nicotinic acid. Good linearity was observed in a range from 1 to 200 ng/ml and from 0.025 to 5 ng/ml, for plasma and CSF, respectively. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the calibration curve ranges. Stability of 24(S)-HC was reported under a variety of storage conditions. This method has been successfully applied to support a National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial of HP-β-CD in Niemann-Pick type C1 patients, in which 24(S)-HC is used as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
Development and Impact of Vegetative Propagation in Forage and Turf Bermudagrasses

The beauty and uniformity of vegetatively propagated grasses on golf course greens, fairways and tees, and on athletic fields and lawns and the superiority of the vegetatively propagated forage grasses that we enjoy today did not happen by accident. Risks were taken, innovative approaches were used, new equipment was developed and modified, and public institutions and private industry teamed up to make what we have today a reality. In the 1940s and 1950s, pioneering discoveries and advances were made in inventing equipment, establishing protocols, and developing consumer confidence. Vegetative reproduction in bermudagrass revolutionized the golf and athletic field industries by providing a superior, high-quality, uniform playing surface. It maximized profitability of the forage industry for cattle (Bos taurus) by providing the very best genotypes for farmers and ranchers to plant for grazing and hay. Although vegetative propagation of forage and turf started with Cynodon hybrids in a small area of the United States, the practice has expanded on a commercial scale to numerous species around the world.
Lower critical field of an anisotropic extreme type-II superconductor

It is shown that the procedure of Klemm and Clem (abbreviated as I) for the transformation to isotropic form of the Ginzburg-Landau free energy for a superconductor with a general effectivemass anisotropy leads to a current which is not perpendicular to the magnetic induction $\mathbf{B}$, unless $\mathbf{B}$ is in a crystal-symmetry direction. In general, the mean-field free energy is thus a function of a new parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$, which depends upon the direction cosines of $\mathbf{B}$, as well as a function of the renormalized $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$ parameter of I, except at the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$. A perturbation solution in $\ensuremath{\gamma}=\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}}{(1+\ensuremath{\beta})}$ is found to order ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}$, and the angular dependence of the lower critical field ${H}_{c1}$ is determined. The parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is found to cause $\mathbf{B}$ to nearly lock on to a crystal-symmetry direction, so that as the external field angle is varied, $\mathbf{B}$ switches from near to one symmetry direction to (near to) another, yielding a kink in the angular dependence of ${H}_{c1}$ that is more pronounced than in I.
Random-field instability of the ferromagnetic state

We consider an Ising model with infinite-ranged interaction with statistically independent site fields with Gaussian distribution. The model is solved exactly and exhibits both an independent spin phase and a ferromagnetic phase, separated by a line of second-order phase transitions. We also establish that the replica technique yields exact results in the present model but not in the related random exchange system.
Exploration of Biologically Relevant Conformations of Anandamide, 2-Arachidonylglycerol, and Their Analogues Using Conformational Memories

The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide) has been shown to possess higher affinity for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor than for the CB2 receptor. Carrier-mediated transport has been proposed to be essential for the termination of the biological effects of anandamide, while hydrolysis of anandamide is performed by a membrane-bound amidohydrolase, fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH). As interaction of anandamide with each of these targets occurs in different environments, the conformations of anandamide for interaction with each target may differ. To ascertain what conformations of anandamide, a highly flexible molecule, are favored in polar and nonpolar environments, the new method of Conformational Memories (CM) was used. CM has been shown to achieve complete conformational sampling of highly flexible ligands, to converge in a very practical number of steps, and to be capable of overcoming energy barriers very efficiently (Guarnieri et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5580). The genera...
Effects of soil moisture regimes on growth and survival of black willow (Salix nigra) posts (cuttings)

A study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to examine the effects of various soil moisture regimes on black willow (Salix nigra) posts (cuttings). Five treatments representing a range of soil moisture regines, from continuous flooding to mild drought, were imposed separately. A well-watered, welldrained treatment served as the control. Leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis), survival, and biomass production of posts were evaluated. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis data clearly demonstrated the sensitivity of willow posts to low oxygen conditions, (under flooded treatments) as well as to soil drought. Growth and biomass were also adversely affected by flooding and drought treatments. The patterns of root development along the posts seemed to be associated with the watering regime. Root biomass was depressed in zones subjected to flooding and low soil redox potential. In addition, leaf area, leaf biomass, and shoot (leaf+branch) biomass were significantly lower in the continuously-flooded and drought treatments as compared to control plants. Results indicated that maximum photosynthesis and growth in willow posts required ample soil moisture (but non-waterlogging conditions) and adequate drainage in the top 60 cm of soil. The use of willow posts for streambank restoration remains as a viable strategy; however, considerations should be given to water-table elevations, soil Eh conditions, soil moisture regime, and soil texture in order to improve the prospect for successful results.
Functionally linked hydration changes in Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase and its catalytic subunit.

Aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) is a highly regulated, dodecameric enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. Upon ligation, ATCase undergoes a conformational transition from a low-activity T-state to a high-activity R-state. This transition involves major changes in the molecular architecture, including structural rearrangements of several intersubunit interfaces and a 12 A expansion of the molecule along its 3-fold axis. Solute-induced osmotic stress experiments report that ∼208 solvent waters are taken up by ATCase as it binds substrate. Solvent-accessible surface area calculations conducted on the T and R conformers of ATCase agree very well with this result, predicting that ∼189 waters are taken up during this conformational change. Both osmotic stress measurements and surface area calculations on the catalytic trimer of ATCase predict water release upon ligation of the trimer. Specific aspects of the application of osmotic stress to ATCase are also discussed, incl...
Welcome to the Neighborhood: The Merger of Interlibrary Loan with Access Services

In March 2006, the Interlibrary Loan unit was physically merged with the Access Services Department (circulation) at the University of Denver, Penrose Library. Consolidating the units into one service desk resulted in a more distributed and efficient workflow. This article describes the process and the impact of the consolidation.
Estimation of MMPI scale scores from an improved comprehensibility short form.

Equations were derived for estimating MMPI scores from a short form that was developed for cognitively impaired individuals. Multiple regression analyses of the data on 300 patients demonstrated that prediction from a single short-form scale was acceptable and was little improved by the addition of other scales or sex of subject to the prediction equation. Substitution equations were constructed, and correlations of short-form scales with the full MMPI ranged from .82 to .96 with a median of .91.
A “marginality” model to explain major spatial and temporal gaps in the old and new world Pleistocene settlement records

A key argument currently invoked to cast skepticism on certain South American sites, that suggest a first peopling of the New World by ca. 35,000 B.P., is the perplexingly low visibility of the archaeological record until 12,000 B.P. But, contrary to a popular misconception, great spatial and temporal discontinuities are common in the Old World Paleolithic settlement record. In Southern Africa, carefully controlled archaeological stratigraphies show that the now semiarid interior was unoccupied for 50,000 and more years at a time. Episodes of widespread settlement in marginal environments were relatively brief, limited to periods of substantially wetter climate, and closely linked with moist habitats. A risk-minimization model is proposed to explain these discontinuities. Plant and animal resources in the region, given a climate as dry or drier than today, were of low productivity and low reliability for unspecialized hunter-gatherers during the dry seasons of poor years. This would require large foraging territories and very wide spacing of proximal bands, so that the exchange of vital information on temporary or migratory resources was minimal. Finally, during extended droughts, fat-depleted animals provided an unsatisfactory source of food. These variables suggest that environments with low productivity and predictability were too risky for unspecialized hunter-gatherers with a pre-Upper Paleolithic technology, such as those who would have been able to enter the New World 35,000 B.P. Major spatial and temporal gaps in the New World settlement record should therefore be expected prior to the appearance of specialized Paleoindian hunter-gatherers ca. 12,000 B.P. Implications for geoarchaeological strategies are discussed.
Creating Connectedness Through Being Known: Fulfilling the Need to Belong in u.s. High Schools

A multidisciplinary body of literature has established that students’ affective relationships with teachers are associated with important academic and developmental outcomes. In this article, we explored late adolescents’ active interpretations of what we call “being known” in high school. Distinct from a generalized perception of the school environment, namely, sense of school belonging, the concept of being known may provide a cohesive and efficient framework for understanding the intersections of developmental tasks, psychosocial perceptions, and effective teaching. Our focus group data with adolescents (M = 16.65 years old, N = 77) yielded three robust findings (a) moving beyond “just teach” teacher relationships; (b) providing instrumental support; and (c) engaging a benefit-of-the-doubt treatment of students. We examined each of these key themes to probe how connectedness is created or undermined through the moment-by-moment experiencing of relational structures characterized by students’ perception...
Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium: Clinical and Molecular Aspects of a Rare Cardiomyopathy

Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium: Clinical and Molecular Aspects of a Rare Cardiomyopathy
A Technique for Conducting Noninvasive Cardiac Electrophysiology Studies in Conscious Swine

A noninvasive method was developed in swine for conducting cardiac electrophysiology (EP) studies without the potential confounding effects of sedatives or anesthetics. Following a 1-week conditioning regimen in the EP laboratory, 1-month-old Hanford miniature swine underwent transvenous pacemaker (PM) implantation under isoflurane anesthesia. Two bipolar screw-in pacing leads were inserted into the left external jugular vein, with one positioned in the right atrial appendage and one in the myocardium at the right ventricular apex. The leads were attached to a multiprogrammable pulse generator, and the pacing system was placed in a subcutaneous pocket. At weekly intervals following implantation, conscious, unsedated swine were remained in a sling for noninvasive programmed stimulation (NIPS) using a programmable telemetry system. A NIPS protocol to induce arrhythmias was performed separately for the atrium and ventricle. Data for this model are reported. Complications occurred in 6 of 26 animals studied and included one infection of the PM pocket, three cases of dislodgement of the atrial lead, and rotation of the generator within the pocket in two animals, preventing communication with the PM. This technique has been used to perform EP studies successfully in swine and has been utilized in a variety of studies of the cardiac conduction system.
Effects of Thickness and Oxygen Content on Thermomechanical Behavior of Thin Cu Films Passivated with Ain

The thermomechanical behavior of a Cu thin film can be dramatically influenced (“oxygen effect”) by exposing the film to a small amount of air or oxygen prior to passivation. Film exposure is accomplished by breaking vacuum at some point prior to passivation. When the top surface is exposed immediately before passivation, the oxygen effect is produced when the passivation material is Si3N4, but no effect is seen with AIN passivations. However, the effect is seen in AIN passivated films when the Cu film surface is exposed to air or O2 and additional Cu is deposited before passivation. This suggests that conditions at the film/passivation interface are an important factor in this anomalous plasticity effect. We have investigated the effects of film thickness and oxygen concentration on these behaviors by preparing films with different thicknesses and oxygen contents for thermomechanical analysis. The thermomechanical behavior is correlated with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data that shows oxygen concentration vs. film depth. The presence of the “oxygen effect” in thermomechanical behavior is found to be correlated with an increased oxygen concentration near the film/passivation and film/barrier interfaces.
Evaluation of the disorder temperature and free-volume formalisms via simulations of shear banding in amorphous solids.

Molecular dynamics simulations of shear band development over 1000% strain in simple shear are used to test whether the local plastic strain rate is proportional to $\mathrm{exp}﻿(\ensuremath{-}1/\ensuremath{\chi})$, where $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is a dimensionless quantity related to the disorder temperature or free volume that characterizes the structural state of the glass. Scaling is observed under the assumption that $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is linearly related to the local potential energy per atom. We calculate the potential energy per atom corresponding to absolute zero disorder temperature and the energy needed to create a shear transformation zone.
The relationship between alpha angle and resistive index of the femoral epiphysis in the normal and abnormal infant hip.

The arterial vascularity of the hip has been investigated in normal infants using duplex Doppler sonography. This study addressed the differences in hip vascularity in infants with respect to gender and acetabular morphology. To determine whether there is a relationship between the resistive index of the vessels of the femoral chondroepiphysis and the alpha angle in normal infant hips and in those with developmental dysplasia of the hip. We studied 76 hips (38 patients) with gray-scale and power Doppler US. The patients were referred because of a possible abnormal clinical hip examination or had risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The infants ranged in age from 1 day to 6 weeks. There were 13 boys and 25 girls. Gray-scale images were initially performed in the coronal and transverse planes to evaluate acetabular morphology, alpha angle and position of the femoral chondroepiphysis relative to the acetabulum. The hips were then examined with power Doppler US, in both sagittal and transverse planes, to identify arterial vessels within the femoral epiphysis. Resistive indices were then recorded from the spectral analysis in each vessel identified. Each examination was performed by one of five pediatric radiologists. Mixed model regression was used to assess the relationship between resistive index and alpha angle, age and gender. Of the 76 hips, 34 had an alpha angle of 60° or greater and were classified as normal, 26 had an alpha angle between 50° and 59° and were classified as immature, and 13 had an alpha angle of less than 50° and were either subluxed or dislocated at the time of examination. At least two vessels were documented in each femoral epiphysis except in three hips, in which no vessels could be documented because of technical factors. There was a statistically significant linear relationship between the alpha angle and resistive index, such that the resistive index tended to rise with increasing alpha angle (P=0.0022). In addition, female infants had a significantly higher average resistive index than the average resistive index in male infants with the same alpha angle (P=0.0005). There is a direct linear relationship between alpha angle and resistive index in the infant hip. Female infants have a higher average resistive index than male infants. We believe that these results might serve as a model for predicting an infant hip at risk of ischemia. In addition, the fact that lower resistive indices of the femoral epiphysis are associated with acetabular dysplasia might help explain the documented low incidence of avascular necrosis in untreated hip dysplasia.
High vocal center growth and its relation to neurogenesis, neuronal replacement and song acquisition in juvenile canaries

It is generally thought that most circuits of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are sculpted, in part at least, by selective elimination of some of the neurons present in an initial overabundant set. In this scenario, the birth of neurons precedes the period when brain functions, such as learning, first occur. In contrast to this form of brain assembly, we describe here the delayed development of the high vocal center (HVC) and one of its efferent pathways in canaries. The retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) was injected into one of HVC's two efferent targets, the nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), to define the boundaries of HVC. The HVC grows markedly between 1 and 4 months, invading neighboring territories of the caudal telencephalon. During this same period, 0.43%-0.64% of the HVC neurons present at 1 year of age are labeled per day of [3H]-thymidine injection. [3H]-Thymidine labeling is a marker of cell birth, and during the first 4 months HVC neuron number increases, probably accounting for part of the HVC growth observed. Thereafter, the number of HVC neurons remains constant, but neuronal birth persists. We infer from this that neuronal replacement starts as early as 4 months after hatching and perhaps before then. About half of the neurons born after posthatching day 10 grow an axon to RA to form the main efferent pathway exiting from HVC. HVC growth, neurogenesis, axogenesis, and the observed replacement of neurons happen during the period of juvenile vocal learning. However, the recruitment of neurons that are still present at 1 year shows no particular inflections corresponding to the various stages in song learning, and continues at essentially the same rate after the more stereotyped adult song has been acquired. We suggest that a combination of neurogenesis and neuronal replacement provides unique advantages for learning.
Elwyn Morey Memorial Lecture: Adult Adjustment of the Mentally Retarded.

SynopsisA rich literature and the extensive experience of professional workers in all parts of the world leads one to believe that everything that could be said about the adult adjustment of the mentally retarded already has been said. Yet, the reverse is true. Although admittedly there is a rich background to the subject, much of it is incomplete, stereotyped, and repetitive. It is almost as though a folklore about the adult mentally retarded has grown up and is being passed on from one generation to the next without being examined critically and without being periodically re-designed to make it compatible with current thinking about the mentally retarded. The purpose of this paper is to strip away the mythology and misconceptions that all too often exist in this area and to re-examine the problems of the adult mentally retarded shorn of the shibboleths and assumptions of the past.
High performance computing for electric power systems: Applications and trends

The last significant works that made an effort to review and summarize the relationship between High Performance Computing (HPC) and Power Systems Analysis were published in the mid 1990's. Since that time significant changes have occurred in both fields. HPC has seen the maturation of cluster computing, the advent of multicore, the creation of Grid Computing, the rise of the GPU for general purpose computing and the gradual ending of Moore's law. Power systems have also changed and matured at a rapid pace through deregulation, the integration of renewable energy, the integration of distributed energy production and storage, concerns regarding climate change, and recent discussions concerning the smart grid. Considering the vast amount of change that has occurred in both industries, this work reviews ways in which HPC has been used in the field of power systems over the last 15 years while also identifying some emerging trends and suggesting possible future applications.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Life‐Threatening Complication of Hypertension During Pregnancy

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an infrequent but severe complication in pregnant women with hypertension. The authors describe a patient with chronic hypertension who developed superimposed preeclampsia and spontaneous ICH during the thirty-fifth week of pregnancy. ICH was diagnosed by computed tomographic scan. She underwent successful emergent cesarean section and neurosurgical decompression of the ICH. Both intraoperative surveillance and postoperative magnetic resonance angiographic examination of the cerebral vessels failed to identify an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. The authors discuss the diagnosis and management in this case and review the literature regarding this challenging complication of pregnancy and preeclampsia. Controversies regarding treatment of hypertension during pregnancy are discussed in light of the impact on the management of this patient.
Controlling molecular alignment in an organic monolayer with a sacrificial liquid crystal template

A method is presented for preparing organic films with controlled orientational order based on a sacrificial monolayer template. The procedure involves a two-step process wherein an oriented organic template formed in the first step is replaced by a second compound, deposited in the second step. The approach enables orientational control in monolayer films over molecular to macroscopic length scales, and provides a useful model for investigating fundamental aspects of competitive molecular adsorption and molecular ordering and disordering at surfaces. Films of the liquid crystal 4 0 -octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl oriented by magnetic fields served as templates for the subsequent deposition of the straight-chain alkane n-tetracontane (C40, C40H82), which displaced the template through a process of competitive adsorption. When displacement was performed at low temperatures, some order was communicated from the template to C40. The degree of order depended on the temperature at which the displacement process occurred, ranging from s ¼ 0:59 � 0:05 to 0.16 � 0.03, where s is the two-dimensional orientational order parameter. Based on measurements of molecular alignment statistics, scanning tunneling microscopy observations of the detailed structures of the films, and the effects of temperature, a mechanism for template-mediated ordering is proposed. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Accumulating deficits model of frailty and postoperative mortality and morbidity: its application to a national database.

Background: Frailty has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes. One model of frailty is the “accumulating deficits” concept. We hypothesized that this model can be applied to a national database to predict postoperative mortality and morbidity. Methods: We accessed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Participant Use File for the years 2005e2009 for inpatient surgical patients who had undergone cardiac, general, gynecologic, neurosurgical, orthopedic, otolaryngologic, plastic, general thoracic, urologic, and vascular surgical operations. Items of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging-frailty index (FI) were compared with preoperative clinical variables recorded by NSQIP. Eleven items were matched, and a simplified FI, defined as the number of deficits present divided by the number of deficits matched, using the number of items present was determined for each patient. The 30-d morbidity and mortality were correlated to this simplified FI and stratified by operation complexity based on the operation’s relative value units. Results: Of the 971,434 patients identified, there was a stepwise increase in risk of both mortality (odds ratios ranged from 1.33 to 46.33) and morbidity (odds ratios ranged from 1.24 to 3.36) for each unit increase in FI for each specialty and each level of operation complexity (trend of odds P value <0.0001 for all comparisons). Conclusions: A simple 11-point FI correlated with both mortality and morbidity for all surgical specialties. This may be applicable to other national databases and clinical practice.
Screening for in vivo protein-protein interactions.

Abstract We describe an in vivo approach for the isolation of proteins interacting with a protein of interest. The protein of interest is "tagged" with a portion of the biotin carboxylase carrier protein (BCCP), encoded on a specially constructed plasmid, so that it becomes biotinylated in vivo. The "query" proteins (e.g., those in a cDNA library) are tagged by fusing them to the 3' end of the lacZ gene on a lambda vector in such a way that the beta-galactosidase activity is not disrupted. These phage are transfected into cells containing the plasmid encoding the BCCP-tagged protein. The infection lyses the cells and exposes the protein complexes. The BCCP-tagged protein and any associated protein(s) are "captured" by using avidin, streptavidin, or anti-biotin antibody-coated filters. The detection of bound protein is accomplished by directly assaying for beta-galactosidase activity on the filters. Positive plaques can be plaque-purified for DNA sequencing. We have tested this approach by using c-Fos and c-Jun as our model system. We show that avidin, streptavidin, or polyclonal anti-biotin (but not a monoclonal anti-biotin) antibody is capable of specifically capturing in vivo biotinylated beta-galactosidase and c-Jun and that this capture is dependent upon the presence of both avidin and the BCCP moiety. Further, complexes containing c-Jun and c-Fos can also be isolated in this manner, and the isolation of this complex is dependent on the presence of c-Fos, c-Jun, avidin, and the BCCP moiety. We discuss the possible uses and limitations of this technique for isolating proteins that interact with a known protein.
The evolution of cranial design, diet, and feeding mechanisms in batoid fishes

The batoid fishes (electric rays, sawfishes, skates, guitarfishes, and stingrays) are a trophically and morphologically diverse clade in which the observed range of diets is a product of a feeding mechanism with few parts and therefore a limited number of functional interactions. This system allows an intriguing comparison to the complex network of associations in the feeding apparatus of bony fishes and an anatomically simple framework for investigations of the mechanisms underlying the evolution of functional and phenotypic diversity. We quantified morphology from reconstructed CT scans of 40 batoid species, representing more than half of the extant genera. We used pairwise comparisons to evaluate the extent of coevolution among components of the feeding apparatus and among morphologies and diets. These relationships were then used to predict diets in poorly studied taxa and in a reconstruction of the batoid ancestor. Although functionally there are fewer examples of convergence in the batoid feeding mechanism than in bony fishes, our data show multiple evolutions of similar dietary compositions underlain by a broad morphological diversity. Elements of the feeding apparatus evolved independently of one another, suggesting that decoupling components of the head skeleton created separate but interacting evolutionary modules that allowed trophic diversification. Our data imply that food habits exhibit strong independent and convergent evolution and that suites of morphologies are associated with certain diets; however, lack of behavioral data for this clade, and one example of divergent diets underlain by convergent morphology, caution against the assumption of simplistic relationships between form and function. We therefore urge future work to ground truth our study by testing the functional, dietary and evolutionary hypotheses suggested by our data.
Ipsilateral fractures of the femoral neck and shaft. A treatment protocol.

Ipsilateral fractures of the femoral neck and shaft present diagnostic difficulties and complex choices as to treatment. A review of the eighty-three cases reported in the literature revealed that one-third of the fractures of the femoral neck were missed initially. No consistent method of treatment can be recommended on the basis of this review. Our present protocol for this double fracture is treatment with immediate internal fixation: the femoral neck fracture is given first priority and is reduced and immobilized with multiple cancellous screws, and the femoral shaft fracture is then treated with retrograde closed intramedullary Kuntscher nailing. Appropriate exceptions to the protocol exist. We reviewed the cases of fifteen patients who were treated at Harborview Medical Center and University Hospital from 1971 through 1981. Our experience with the first two patients led to the development of our protocol, which was applied in the thirteen subsequent double fractures. Two of the fifteen femoral-neck fractures were missed initially. All of the fractures had united four months postoperatively. Of the nine patients who were followed for three years or more, two had aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. Compared with other reports, our protocol seems to have produced somewhat better functional results.
Monitoring progression of primary progressive aphasia: current approaches and future directions

SUMMARY Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a gradually progressive syndrome that robs patients of the ability to communicate. There are a variety of diagnostic challenges; international consensus has only recently been reached on the nomenclature for specific subtypes and there are a variety of underlying neurodegenerative pathologies. There are at present no established treatments, and efforts to develop treatments have been hampered by the lack of standardized methods to monitor progression of the illness. Although measures developed from work with stroke aphasia and with disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease have provided a valuable foundation for monitoring progression, PPA presents unique challenges to clinicians aiming to counsel patients and families on clinical status and prognosis, and to experts aiming to design clinical trials of potential interventions. Here we review some of the issues facing the field of PPA clinical research, summarize our current approach to monitoring progression of PPA...
Rating Scales for Assessing Infection Responses of Barley Infected with Cochliobolus sativus

Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is a common foliar disease of barley that is controlled primarily through the deployment of resistant cultivars. Resistance is often assessed at the seedling and adult plant stages, but currently no comprehensive visual scale exists that describes the full spectrum of infection responses (IRs) occurring on barley. From the evaluation of a diverse collection of barley germ plasm and C. sativus isolates, a 1 to 9 IR scale was developed based on the type (presence of necrosis and chlorosis) and relative size of spot blotch lesions observed on the second leaves of barley seedlings. The nine IRs were classified into three general categories of low (IRs 1 to 3), intermediate (IRs 4 and 5), and high (IRs 6 to 9) host-parasite compatibility. Low IRs consisted of minute to small necrotic lesions with no or very slight diffuse marginal chlorosis. Intermediate IRs consisted of medium-sized necrotic lesions with a distinct but restricted chlorotic margin, while high IRs consisted of large necrotic lesions with distinct chlorotic margins and varying degrees of expanding diffuse chlorosis. In addition to the seedling IR scale, a four-class adult plant IR scale (R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, and S = susceptible) was developed based again on the type and relative size of lesions present on the leaves. These rating scales should be useful for many types of studies on spot blotch of barley.
Tetraspanin CD9 is required for microparticle release from coated-platelets

CD9, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, is the third most abundant protein on the platelet surface, but its function remains unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that CD9 is required for t...