cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Critical behavior of gravitating sphalerons

We examine the gravitational collapse of sphaleron type configurations in the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory. Working in spherical symmetry, we investigate the critical behavior in this model. We provide evidence that for various initial configurations, there can be three different critical transitions between possible end states with different critical solutions sitting on the threshold between these outcomes. In addition, we show that within the dispersive and black hole regimes there are new possible end states: namely, a stable, regular sphaleron and a stable, hairy black hole.
Adjusting for confounded variables: pulmonary function and smoking in a special population.

Confounded variables present an obstacle to valid inference in many environmental and occupational studies. We describe a series of procedures that we used to address this problem in a study of pulmonary function and smoking. Subjects were drawn from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), a prospective study of coronary heart disease. Confounding of smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was designed into the trial and was beyond the control of our ancillary study. We used statistical techniques to detect and characterize the pattern of confounding, identify important variables affecting pulmonary function, and perform appropriate adjustments for extraneous influences (i.e., other than smoking). Among the techniques we used were factor analysis, stepwise multiple regression, and bootstrap replication. Analysis of the adjusted pulmonary function measurements showed that they were satisfactorily standardized and free of artifact. Moreover, use of the adjusted values sharpened our statistical results concerning smoking, the ultimate object of the study. We contrast the use of external and internal standards and discuss methods for detecting, ruling out, or counteracting confounding.
Learning from design experience in an agent-based design system

A simple learning mechanism was added to an agent-based computational design system to see if it could then transfer knowledge across problems. An existing system, A-Design, was enhanced by giving it the ability to store useful design knowledge in a memory store so that this knowledge could be used in new design problems. Three electromechanical design problems were used to evaluate this new learning mechanism, and results indicate that this simple learning mechanism is successful at transferring design knowledge to new problems with some limitations.
POLITICAL DISTILLATION The Changing Impact of Partisanship on Electoral Behavior

Change in the American electorate has traditionally been studied by comparing the number of independents to the number of partisans, and comparing the impact of partisanship to the impact of issue voting. Stable numbers of partisans and stable correlations between partisanship and attitudes and behavior are interpreted to mean continuity in the electorate. These comparisons, though useful, ignore the possibility that the meaning of partisanship and the reasons behind its impact on attitudes and behavior may have changed as well. As the potential for independent behavior and political sophistication increases in the United States, the most sophisticated and rational partisans are able to lay aside their party labels, leaving fewer, less rational partisans. This argument is tested and supported using data from the National Election Surveys of 1952 through 1980.
Neurotensin perfusion of rat hypothalamus: dissociation of dopamine release from body temperature change

Abstract To determine whether endogenous dopamine is involved in the impairment of body temperature induced by neurotensin, the local activity of [ 14 C]dopamine in the hypothalamus of the unanesthetized rat was examined. A push-pull guide tube was implanted permanently above an intended site of perfusion within the anterior hypothalamic. pre-optic area or other region of the diencephalon. After the endogenous stores of dopamine at a specific site were labelled by microinjcction of 0.02–0.05 μCi of [ 14 C]dopamine, an artificial cerebrospinal fluid was perfused at the site at a rate of 20 μl min and at successive 5 min intervals. Perfusion of neurotensin in concentrations of 0.05 or 0.1 μg μl in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus or diagonal band of Broca evoked a calcium-dependent efflux of [ 14 C]dopamine. The release of dopamine induced hy neurotensin was functionally specific since it was: (1) not mimicked by the relatively inactive neurotensin analogue. [ d -Arg 9 ]neurotensin: (2) dependent on the morphological locus of the push-pull perfusion: and (3) not accompanied hy an efflux of [ 3 H]norepinephrine when the site was double-labelled. Although neurotensin perfused in the anterior hypothalamic, pre-optic area caused a consistent decline in temperature, in most cases the temperature change did not correlate with an enhanced release of dopamine. Moreover, the release of dopamine. but not the temperature change, was abolished when neurotensin was perfused in a calcium-free medium. These results show that it is unlikely that the thermolytic action of neurotensin. at least within the hypothalamus, is mediated by the presynaptic release of dopamine.
The separation of mercury from sea water by adsorption colloid flotation and analysis by flameless atomic absorption

Abstract Adsorption colloid flotation has been found capable of separating ionic mercury from sea water quantitatively at levels as low as 0.02 μg l −1 with use of a cadmium sulfide collector and octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride as the surfactant. The mercury in 25 samples can be separated in 2 h. Following the separation the mercury was analyzed by flameless atomic absorption. Recovery of mercury from 0.5 l samples spiked with 0.010 μg of inorganic mercury gave sol|0.014 ± 0.002 μg/0.5 l. Black Point, Oahu near-shore sea water was found to contain mercury in the range 0.038–0.078 μg l −1 with no measurable organic mercury fraction. Sea-water samples collected at an open ocean station analyzed for total mercury revealed the highest mercury concentrations above 200 meters. Mercury concentrations in general showed a decreasing trend with increase in depth.
Abrasive wear of intermetallic-based alloys and composites

In this study, the abrasive wear behavior of Fe3Al, TiAl, Ti3Al, Al3Ti, NiAl, Ni3Al and MoSi2, and composites based on these compounds, were assessed and compared to the behavior of selected metals, alloys and ceramics. Under the wear conditions used for these tests, the softer intermetallic compounds (e.g. TiAl and Fe3Al) behaved in a manner similar to the metals and alloys, whereas, the harder intermetallic compound (i.e. MoSi2) behaved more like a ceramic. The influence of Al atomic fraction, superlattice structure and ternary alloying additions on the wear behavior of Fe3Al was investigated. Controlling the Al content and third element additions affected wear resistance more than superlattice structure. Composite strengthening was also explored as a method for improving wear resistance. The addition of hard second phase particles (i.e. TiB2 to NiAl and SiC to MoSi2) was also very effective improving wear resistance. Surprisingly, the addition of softer Nb particles did not significantly degrade the wear resistance of a MoSi2 matrix, even at Nb additions of 40%.
Electron cyclotron emission in Alcator tokamak

Radial observations of emission in the vicinity of the electron cyclotron frequency and its harmonics show the radiation to be polarized; ratio of extraordinary to ordinary mode intensity of about 2:1. In the thermal spectra the effects of cold-plasma resonances upon propagation of the radiation from emission layer to observation point are evident: (i) The extraordinary mode first harmonic is always suppressed by the upper hybrid resonance layer; (ii) The ordinary-mode first harmonic is suppressed when the plasma frequency exceeds the cyclotron frequency; (iii) For sufficiently high density the second harmonic is also affected by the hybrid cut-off. In the non-thermal spectrum the broad-band emission is polarized at high frequency but not at lower. The feature in the vicinity of the plasma frequency at intermediate density is broader than previously observed and almost entirely above ωpe. Internal sawtooth relaxations have been observed in the central temperature even up to peak densities of 7 × 1020 m−3. Temperature profiles deduced from second harmonic cyclotron emission and Thompson scattering data are compared.
An Experimental Study of Kundt's Tube Dust Figures

An experimental study of the dust striations in a Kundt's tube has been carried out using a loud speaker, operated from a vacuum tube oscillator, as a source of sound. It is found that the positions of the vibrator for maximum agitation of the dust is different for the case in which a loud speaker is used from that obtained when a stroked rod is used. The formation and behavior of the striations is described in detail. It is found that the spacing between the striations increases with the intensity of sound, decreases with an increase in pressure of the gas, and decreases with an increase in density of the dust material. A minimum spacing is found when the size of the dust particles is changed. The relation suggested by Cook that the ratio of the separation of the striations to the mean free path is a constant was tested but the results obtained indicated that such a simple relation does not exist.
Drug discontinuations in the United Kingdom and the United States, 1964 to 1983: issues of safety

Since the modern era of drug regulation began in the early 1960s, fewer new drugs have been approved for marketing in the United States than in the United Kingdom. We examined whether information can be obtained about the relative safety of higher and lower introductory rate policies by comparing each country's record of drugs that have been discontinued (removed from the market, withdrawn, or whose licenses were allowed to lapse) while a question of safety existed. We have compiled a list of both older (approved before 1964) and newer (approved in 1964 or later) chemical entities discontinued in the last two decades. With the aforementioned broad criteria to define “discontinuation,” and to assess whether a question of safety was involved, our study showed that a total of 24 chemical entities have been discontinued in the United States or the United Kingdom. Nearly half (10 drugs) were products that had been approved in both countries, while the remainder (drugs that had been exclusively available in one country or the other) consisted of four drugs in the United States and 10 in the United Kingdom. Among the drugs introduced during the last two decades, five have been discontinued in the United States and eight in the United Kingdom. Each country's record of discontinuations has been remarkably similar for drugs introduced after 1974: Four have been discontinued in the United States and three in the United Kingdom. Since drugs discontinued while a safety question existed represent only 2% of the new chemical entities introduced, it appears that drugs that reach the market under the prevailing regulatory systems are seldom associated with unacceptable toxicity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1984) 35, 559–567; doi:10.1038/clpt.1984.78
Interactive animation of dynamic manipulation

Lifelike animation of object manipulation requires dynamic interaction between animated characters, objects, and their environment. These interactions can be animated automatically with physically based simulations but proper controls are needed to animate characters that move realistically and that accomplish tasks in spite of unexpected disturbances. This paper describes an efficient control algorithm that generates realistic animations by incorporating motion data into task execution. The end result is a versatile system for interactive animation of dynamic manipulation tasks such as lifting, catching, and throwing.
Trends in Undergraduate Economics Degrees, 1991 to 2004

The explosive growth from academic year 2001 (2000-01) through 2003 in undergraduate economics degrees awarded by American colleges and universities, particularly large state universities, moderated a bit in 2004. Virtually all of the 27 percent decline in degrees experienced from 1992 to 1996 was recovered by 2003. By 2004, annual bachelor's degrees in economics were about 10 percent above their 1992 level. The only category that lost ground in 2004 was private PhD-granting universities. A time-series of degrees awarded for an identical set of 272 institutions from 1991 through 2004 is reported in Table 1. Last year's report (Siegfried 2004) was based on a sample of 223. Forty-nine of those failed to report this year. Fortunately, through the cooperation of many departments, I have added 98 new institutions to the data base this year. The 272 institutions accounted for 68 percent of economics bachelor's degrees reported by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) for 2002, the most recent year available. Because NCES counts each graduate in only one discipline, but my data allow graduates to report all majors, the present sample accounts for less than 68 percent of all undergraduate economics degrees. Relatively old information (Siegfried and Wilkinson 1982, 129) suggests that the true number of economics degrees exceeds NCES totals by about 21 percent, implying that the present sample covers 56 percent of the total. For 2002, the latest NCES data now available, tabulations show an 11 percent deficit in undergraduate economics degrees relative to 1992. My sample shows only a 2 percent deficit remained in 2002, suggesting a sample response bias favoring departments that experienced relatively faster growth in degrees. Annual growth rates of degrees by institutional category are reported in Table 2. Growth of almost 8 percent for 2003 pushed total degrees in my sample over the 1992 level and promises to move the NCES data close to even with 1992 levels when those data are released next year. Similar to other post-World War II cycles in economics degrees, the recent recovery has taken about twice as long as the initial decline (Margo and Siegfried
Atmospheric Soundings in Near-Real Time from Combined Satellite and Ground-Based Remotely Sensed Data

Abstract A mobile profiling system has been developed that is capable of probing the atmosphere from the surface to over 30 km. The Mobile Profiling System (MPS) combines ground-based instruments, including a five-beam 924-MHz radar wind profiler, a radio acoustic sounding system, and two passive microwave sounders, with a receiver and processor for meteorological satellite data. Software in the MPS produces profiles from the surface to the highest satellite sounding level by combining surface data and profiles generated from the suite of ground-based sensors with those from a meteorological satellite. The algorithms generate soundings of temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and other meteorological variables. The method for combining data from the separate sources is not site specific and requires no a priori information. The MPS has the potential for a variety of applications, including detailed analysis of meteorological variables for research and operations over mesoscale areas, such as regional poll...
Gaseous dielectric high voltage insulation for space applications

This paper describes a miniature high voltage power supply for space use that is comparable to a TWTA EPC. The supply uses a gaseous mixture of SF6 and N2 for bulk high voltage insulation rather than a solid dielectric (i.e., potting). Experimental breakdown data show good agreement with ionization theory after accounting for geometrical effects typical of real power supplies. In the proper application, a gaseous dielectric is advantageous compared to potting for minimizing mass and volume. Gaseous dielectrics also offer certain manufacturing advantages such as guaranteed freedom from voids and ease of rework.
Scalable Analysis of Mesh-Based Clock Distribution Networks Using Application-Specific Reduced Order Modeling

Clock meshes possess inherent low clock skews and excellent immunity to process-voltage-temperature variations, and have increasingly found their way to high-performance integrated circuit designs. However, analysis of such massively coupled networks is significantly hindered by the sheer size of the network and tight coupling between non-tree interconnects and large numbers of clock drivers. While the SPICE simulation of large clock meshes is often intractable, standard interconnect model order reduction algorithms also fail due to the large number of input/output ports introduced by clock drivers. The presented approach is motivated by the key observation of the steady-state operation of the clock networks while its efficiency is facilitated by exploring new clock-mesh specific harmonic-weighted model order reduction algorithm and locality analysis via port sliding. The scalability of the analysis is significantly improved by eliminating the need for computing infeasible multi-port passive reduced order interconnect models with large port count and decomposing the overall task into very tractable and naturally parallelizable model generation and fast Fourier transform/inverse-fast Fourier transform operations, all on a per driver or per sink basis. We demonstrate the application of our approach by feasibly analyzing large clock meshes with excellent accuracy.
Heat treatments control sprouting and rooting of garlic cloves

Hot water dips (45 � /60 8C for 2.5 � /60 min) were evaluated as potential treatments to reduce sprout and root growth in peeled or unpeeled cloves in which sprouts had begun internal development but not yet emerged. Water dips at 5/50 8C did not reduce sprout and adventitious root growth in cloves stored at 10 8C and � /95% RH, while treatments at 55 8C for 10 min were effective. Several dips at 60 8C inhibited sprout and root growth, although only a 2.5 min treatment was both effective and non-injurious. Respiration rates of heat-treated garlic were higher than those of untreated cloves. L* color value (lightness) of the peeled cloves was sometimes decreased by heat treatment, but chroma and hue were not affected. The hot water dips had no effect on firmness or pungency (thiosulfinate concentrations). Methyl jasmonate dips at 10 � 3 and 10 � 4 M were ineffective for sprout control but did reduce root development. A dip at 60 8C 2.5 min was as effectiv ea s 1% O 2� /10% CO2 atmosphere to retard sprout and root growth during 6 months at 0 � /1 8C. # 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The psychological contract: What is missing? What is next?

Psychological contracts have been linked within organizational behavior literature to employee motivation and productivity. Classically, a psychological contract is defined as “individual beliefs, shaped by the organization, regarding terms of exchange agreement between individuals and their organizational goals” (Rousseau, 2001, p. 2). Recently, psychological contract violations have been identified in the research literature as correlated to employee resistance in system-wide organizational change, putting change initiatives at risk. Understanding the complex ways that psychological contract violations can induce change resistance highlights the need for organizations to manage the psychological contracts between leadership and employees. Organizations need not only recognize how psychological contracts are formed, but also should heed the need for psychological contracts to be managed. This article reviews what is missing in psychological contract and change management. It then proposes that consultants who are trained in both organizational and individual psychology implement psychological contract management services into their practice.
High-Pressure Catalytic Reactions of C6 Hydrocarbons on PlatinumSingle-Crystals and nanoparticles: A Sum Frequency Generation VibrationalSpectroscopic and Kinetic Study

Catalytic reactions of cyclohexene, benzene, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, and 1-hexene on platinum catalysts were monitored in situ via sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC). SFG is a surface specific vibrational spectroscopic tool capable of monitoring submonolayer coverages under reaction conditions without gas-phase interference. SFG was used to identify the surface intermediates present during catalytic processes on Pt(111) and Pt(100) single-crystals and on cubic and cuboctahedra Pt nanoparticles in the Torr pressure regime and at high temperatures (300K-450K). At low pressures (<10{sup -6} Torr), cyclohexene hydrogenated and dehydrogenates to form cyclohexyl (C{sub 6}H{sub 11}) and {pi}-allyl C{sub 6}H{sub 9}, respectively, on Pt(100). Increasing pressures to 1.5 Torr form cyclohexyl, {pi}-allyl C{sub 6}H{sub 9}, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, illustrating the necessity to investigate catalytic reactions at high-pressures. Simultaneously, GC was used to acquire turnover rates that were correlated to reactive intermediates observed spectroscopically. Benzene hydrogenation on Pt(111) and Pt(100) illustrated structure sensitivity via both vibrational spectroscopy and kinetics. Both cyclohexane and cyclohexene were produced on Pt(111), while only cyclohexane was formed on Pt(100). Additionally, {pi}-allyl c-C{sub 6}H{sub 9} was found only on Pt(100), indicating that cyclohexene rapidly dehydrogenates on the (100) surface. The structure insensitive production of cyclohexane was found to exhibit a compensation effect and was analyzed using the selective energy transfer (SET) model. The SET model suggests that the Pt-H system donates energy to the E{sub 2u} mode of free benzene, which leads to catalysis. Linear C{sub 6} (n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, and 1-hexene) hydrocarbons were also investigated in the presence and absence of excess hydrogen on Pt(100). Based on spectroscopic signatures, mechanisms for catalytic isomerization and dehydrocyclization of n-hexane were identified. The structure sensitivity of benzene hydrogenation on shape controlled platinum nanoparticles was also studied. The nanoparticles showed similar selectivities to those found for Pt(111) and Pt(100) single-crystals. Additionally, the nanoparticles have lower activation energies than their single-crystal counterparts.
Monetary, Credit and (Other) Transmission Processes: A Monetarist Perspective

Monetarist analysis of the transmission process highlights the response of relative prices and real wealth to monetary (and other) impulses. Monetary impulses are neutral in the long run. Short-run nonneutrality reflects uncertainty, incomplete information about the persistence and nature of impulses, fixed contracts, and other institutional detail. Patterns of change in relative prices have some common features but they also differ from cycle to cycle and by countries. This paper compares the monetarist analysis of intermediation to the lending view and presents evidence on the role of relative prices, lending, and other types of intermediation.
Windows driver memory analysis: A reverse engineering methodology

In a digital forensics examination, the capture and analysis of volatile data provides significant information on the state of the computer at the time of seizure. Memory analysis is a premier method of discovering volatile digital forensic information. While much work has been done in extracting forensic artifacts from Windows kernel structures, less focus has been paid to extracting information from Windows drivers. There are two reasons for this: (1) source code for one version of the Windows kernel (but not associated drivers) is available for educational use and (2) drivers are generally called asynchronously and contain no exported functions. Therefore, finding the handful of driver functions of interest out of the thousands of candidates makes reverse code engineering problematic at best. Developing a methodology to minimize the effort of analyzing these drivers, finding the functions of interest, and extracting the data structures of interest is highly desirable. This paper provides two contributions. First, it describes a general methodology for reverse code engineering of Windows drivers memory structures. Second it applies the methodology to tcpip.sys, a Windows driver that controls network connectivity. The result is the extraction from tcpip.sys of the data structures needed to determine current network connections and listeners from the 32 and 64 bit versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7. Manipulation (DKOM), tcpip.sys, Windows 7, Windows Vista. 2000 MSC: 60, 490.
EXPERIMENTAL POND CULTURE OF BROWN SHRIMP (Penaeusaztecus) IN POWER PLANT EFFLUENT WATER1

The present study was designed to measure survival and growth of brown shrimp in ponds receiving a continuous flow of Galveston Bay water from the heated effluent of an electric power plant. Eleven 0.1-ha ponds were stocked with 5,000 postlarval brown shrimp (Penaeusaztecus) each. Five ponds were stocked in April and six in July, 1972. Our results were similar to those obtained in nonflowing ponds in that shrimp growth was slowed as mean length approached 100 mm and failure to control predation and competition markedly reduced yield. Nevertheless, our results show improved brown shrimp yields as compared to those reported for non-flowing ponds. Where predation and competition were controlled and supplemental food was provided, survival was 58–97%, growth was 1.2-1.4 mm per day, and yields were 318–596 kg per ha for periods of 10–12 weeks.
Chronic continuous hypoxia decreases the expression of SLC4A7 (NBCn1) and SLC4A10 (NCBE) in mouse brain

In the mammalian CNS, hypoxia causes a wide range of physiological effects, and these effects often depend on the stage of development. Among the effects are alterations in pH homeostasis. Na+-coup...
Operation of CESR as a low emittance X-ray source

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) was operated with a horizontal emittance of 65 nm-rad to produce hard X-rays from an undulator. Because all of the storage ring quadrupoles are individually powered and under software control, hardware modifications were not needed to reduce the emittance from its usual value of 166 nm-rad during colliding beam operation. Up to 35 mA could be stored in a single bunch, and a total of 115 mA was stored in six bunches. A vertical emittance of less than 1 nm-rad was observed at low currents. The undulator did not significantly affect the behavior of the beam in the storage ring. >
SWINE INFLUENZA : V. STUDIES ON CONTAGION.

A strain of swine influenza has been observed to change from a condition of full contagiousness, in which both H. influenzae suis and the swine influenza virus were transferred by pen contact, to one of only partial contagiousness, in which the virus alone was transferred, resulting in the mild filtrate disease instead of swine influenza in animals infected by contact. Swine that had been experimentally converted into carriers of H. influenzae suis developed swine influenza following contact with animals infected with the altered strain of the disease. Experiments in which the etiological components of a freshly obtained and fully contagious strain of swine influenza were substituted for the corresponding components of the altered strain of the disease revealed the fact that the change in the contagious character of the latter was due to an alteration in the bacterial component of the etiological complex and that the virus component was in no way responsible.
Magnetomechanics of internal-dipole, Halbach-array motor/generators

The magnetomechanical behavior of internal-dipole, Halbach-type magnet arrays is analyzed for application as a motor/generator (M/G) with an energy-storage flywheel that is suspended by low-stiffness bearings. Scaling laws for the maximization of torque are derived as a function of geometry. The optimal geometry is relatively insensitive to gap and stator design and occurs approximately at a ratio of inner to outer diameter of the array of 0.8. Values are found for the angular extent of each phase of the stator coil that minimize the stiffness. The negative stiffness of the internal-dipole array is calculated for several manufacturable configurations and is shown to provide an upper limit on the available torque of the M/G according to the positive stiffness of the bearings. Experimental results are reported for an internal-dipole array used as a M/G for a flywheel suspended by a bearing consisting of a permanent-magnet assembly levitated over an array of high-temperature superconductors. Results show that the system is stable and that idling losses are low.
Bulk growth of Hg 0.8 Cd 0.2 Te single crystals by a combined CVT-seeding technique

The growth of high quality Hg0.8Cd0.2Te bulk single crystals by CVT, combined with an in-situ seeding technique, is reported here for the first time. For this purpose, a temperature difference of 590° → 540° C with a gradient of 40°-50° C/cm at the solid-vapor interface, and about 0.1 atm of HgI2 as a transport agent, were employed. The bulk crystals have the expected stoichiometry and compositional homogeneity. Etch pit densities of 104-105 cm−2 on the (111) face and hitherto unreported etch pits on the (100) face were observed in this work. Possible origins of the sub-grain structure are discussed.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid gland

We report a case of solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid gland in a 51-year-old man with pre-existing right recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis from a congenital tracheoesophageal fistula repair as an infant. The left thyroid lobe was enlarged and soft. Fine needle aspiration biopsy via ultrasound guidance demonstrated a hypercellular aspirate composed of spindle cells with bland nuclear morphology. Given this histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile, the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor was considered and confirmed following left thyroid lobectomy.
2-Slave Dual Decomposition for Generalized Higher Order CRFs

We show that the decoding problem in generalized Higher Order Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) can be decomposed into two parts: one is a tree labeling problem that can be solved in linear time using dynamic programming; the other is a supermodular quadratic pseudo-Boolean maximization problem, which can be solved in cubic time using a minimum cut algorithm. We use dual decomposition to force their agreement. Experimental results on Twitter named entity recognition and sentence dependency tagging tasks show that our method outperforms spanning tree based dual decomposition.
Knowledge Management as the Creation of Intelligent Resource Sharing Cultures

The fields of cultural studies, neuroscience, and management convince us of the importance of integrating pertinent insights into knowledge management KM practice. This guided study, commitment and follow-through is essential for survival in our knowledge economy. 20th century professional interpretations of how Descartes' philosophy has influenced culture help us to realize that westerners are collectively used to ignoring or hiding feelings. We also learn from current neuroscience research that paying attention to our feelings is key to our continued employment as library staff. With proven techniques developed by Watkins 2014, the author shares how, with simple attentional skills, we can heighten our senses so that data generated by feelings are escalated to the higher functioning brain areas that have evolved to incorporate them into our decisions, motivating us to act well. Individual emotional development of staff, as guided by mature leaders who have mastered the concepts and practices in this approach is conducive to better on-the-job performance. A method of knowledge management KM called expert practitioner-focused communities of practice CoPs readily incorporates the proven prerequisites to KM success. As it turns out, attention to emotions makes it much easier to succeed.
Abstract 20441: Mechanism of Mechanical Stress-Regulated Non-Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase Alternative Splicing, Implication for Acute Lung Inflammation

MYLK, the gene encoding the critical cytoskeletal effector, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), is a compelling candidate gene in the inflammatory lung injuries observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We demonstrated that nmMLCK exists as two highly expressed proteins in lung endothelium: wild type nmMLCK1 (1914 aa) and the spliced variant, nmMLCK2 (1845 aa) that shares a primary structure that is identical to nmMLCK1 except for the absence of 69 amino acids encoded by the spliced out exon 11. Both edemagenic and barrier-enhancing agonists stimulate nmMLCK1 phosphorylation at Y464 & Y471, to promote nmMLCK1 enzymatic activity and cellular localization. The regulatory mechanisms governing MYLK expression and nmMLCK1 and nmMLCK2 EC barrier response activities are poorly understood. We studied nmMLCK1/nmMLCK2 mRNA ratios from human lung EC exposed to pathological 18% cyclic stretch (18% CS, 4 hr) by RNA sequencing (RNA Seq, BGI America) and identified increased nmMLCK transcript levels elicited by 18% CS. Specifically, nmMLCK2, but not nmMLCK1 was significantly elevated by 18% CS, results confirmed by qPCR. In silico evaluation identified an intronic splicing inhibitory element (TAGGGAG) in the boundary region in intron 10 as a potential binding site for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), a nuclear protein known to regulate alternate splicing (Splice Scan II analysis). Consistent with hnRNPA1 modulation of splicing, we found hnRNPA1 upregulation in EC exposed to 18% CS, and in lung tissues from VILI- or LPS-challenged mice, highly suggesting a regulatory role of hnRNPA1 in nmMLCK splicing during inflammatory lung injury. Our study further confirmed a dysregulated alternative splicing pattern of non-muscle variant of MYLK by splicing factor hnRNPA1 upon inflammation stimuli. We believe these studies contribute to the understanding of the complex and functional role of nmMLCK in endothelial barrier regulation during ARDS or VILI.
Success Scans in a Sequence of Trials

Many researchers deal with data that can be viewed as a series of trials, each with two possible outcomes. We will arbitrarily label the two alternative possible outcomes of a trial as success and failure. In a quality control chart, consecutive points may be in or out of a warning zone. After a period of learning, a subject may correctly or incorrectly perform a series of cognitive tasks. A sports team wins and loses games over a season. In a stream of items sampled from an assembly line some are defective, some acceptable.
TAMEisoquin, a novel tripodal fluorescent zinc sensor with high Zn(II) affinity and Zn(II)/Cd(II) selective fluorescence response: Synthesis, coordination geometry, spectroscopy, and comparative response to biometal ions

Abstract Herein we report a novel fluorescent zinc sensor 1,1,1-tris (aminomethylethane)N,N′,N″-(2-methylisoquinoline) (TAMEisoquin), [Zn(TAMEisoquin)]2+ complex and its structural and photophysical studies. TAMEisoquin was obtained from reduction of templated [Ni(TAMEisoquin-trisimine)]2+ complex to give [Ni(TAMEisoquin)]2+, which was subsequently decomposed with excess sodium cyanide to afford TAMEisoquin. A competition reaction between TAMEisoquin and the well-known Zn(II) chelator (N,N,N′, N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) at pH 7.2 indicated a conditional dissociation constant for [Zn(TAMEisoquin)]2+ of Kd = 1.4 × 10−15 M. The affinity of TAMEisoquin for Zn(II) is indicative of a ligand design exploiting ring size, preorganization and chelate effects to potentially detect picomolar and femtomolar zinc concentrations. X-ray crystallographic analysis of [Zn(TAMEisoquin)]2+ showed four unique cations that preferred a distorted octahedral geometry with trigonal twist angles that range between 34(2)° and 43.1(8)°. Moreover, [Zn(TAMEisoquin)]2+ complex showed Zn–N bond distances slightly similar to our previously reported [Zn(TAMEpyr)]2+ complex, being Zn–Nheterocyclic, 2.160(1) A and Zn–Naliphatic, 2.178(4) A versus 2.128(2) A and 2.169(2) A respectively for [Zn(TAMEpyr)]2+. The addition of Zn(II) to TAMEisoquin displayed 11-fold fluorescence enhancement, selective by comparison to divalent biometal ions and Cd(II) which induces only 16% of the Zn(II) response.
The Changing Law of Assassinations

The war on terror is changing the law of international assassinations. For decades, nations of the world have condemned extrajudicial executions, contending that even the worst criminals are entitled to due process and fair trial. The failure of the United Nations Security Council to condemn the assassination of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, however, raises the question whether exceptions are emerging under which states may lawfully execute, without any judicial process, the rank and file of terrorist organisations.
Beyond Service-Learning: A Comprehensive Model for Undergraduate Civic Engagement

Over the past decade, a growing number of scholars have called on American colleges and universities to renew their dedication to educating students for civic engagement. While recent efforts have been made to comprehensively define civic engagement and the skills and knowledge necessary for its accomplishment, the implementation and evaluation of educational models aimed at producing these results tend to be narrower in focus, most frequently examining individual undergraduate courses or co-curricular activities and the effects these have on specific forms of or skills for civic engagement In an effort to provide undergraduate students with broader and, at the same time, more concrete preparation for lives of civic engagement, the University of Michigan has established the Community Action and Social Change minor (CASC), a multi-disciplinary course of study housed in the University’s School of Social Work. Based on a series of focus groups and interviews with current students and recent alumni of CASC, this paper explores how such a program, including both its design and implementation, impacts students’ conceptions of civic engagement and plans for post-graduation involvement in a democratic society. Evidence suggests that CASC participants leave the program with a stronger commitment to civic engagement, a clearer idea of what this will look like in their own lives (direct service, policy advocacy, community organizing), and an enhanced sense of direction about how they will be civically engaged “in the real world.”
Placing Sin in Karl Rahner's Theology.

Karl Rahner is seldom viewed as a theologian of sin: precisely the contrary. A recent book by Emmie Ho-Tsui (published in Austria, 2011) reopens the question of sin’s place in Rahner’s works. This ...
Magnetic levitation and its application for low frequency vibration energy harvesting

There are multiple magnetic levitation mechanisms that have garnered a lot of attention from researchers and the general public over the last few decades due to their potential applications for high-speed public transport and high-speed bearings. The two well-studied forms of magnetic levitation are electromagnetic levitation and superconductor-based levitation. One form of levitation needs an active energy input to sustain levitation and the other needs cryogenic temperatures to achieve levitation. A little known form of magnetic levitation called diamagnetic levitation is the only form of passive levitation that is possible at room temperature. Diamagnetic levitation is possible due to the weak repulsive nature of diamagnetic materials; these materials are found abundantly in nature. An even lesser known alternate form of diamagnetic levitation called diamagnetically stabilized magnet levitation is highlighted here for its use in low-frequency vibration-based energy harvesting to potentially power wireless sensors for structural health-monitoring purposes.
Tongue Tie in Infancy

Ankyloglossia, or “tongue tie,” classically involves a short or thickened lingual frenulum that may prohibit tongue protrusion. However, the diagnosis, evaluation, clinical significance, and management of ankyloglossia are widely variable and controversial. Despite attempts to create standardized diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia, there has yet to be a universally accepted system. Management of ankyloglossia often includes a multidisciplinary approach including lactation consultants, speech language pathologists, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Observation or conservative management for asymptomatic infants or infants with minimal or well-compensated symptoms is a reasonable option, whereas surgical intervention may be warranted for infants and children with ankyloglossia that has significant impact on breastfeeding or speech. Frenotomy (also known as frenulotomy) is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed at the bedside or office setting in very young infants, precluding the need for general anesthesia. Frenuloplasty is usually performed on older children and should be performed in the operating room with general anesthesia. Overall, there is insufficient evidence to definitively associate ankyloglossia with breastfeeding or speech deficits. Surgical intervention for ankyloglossia should be recommended with caution and performed only on infants or children with clear findings of ankyloglossia on physical exam and a documented history of breastfeeding or speech difficulties; the timing and method of treatment should be tailored to the individual infant or child. Frenotomy or frenuloplasty should only be performed by providers with adequate training and experience in order to minimize complications.
Forgetting Counts: Constant Memory Inference for a Dependent Hierarchical Pitman-Yor Process

We propose a novel dependent hierarchical Pitman-Yor process model for discrete data. An incremental Monte Carlo inference procedure for this model is developed. We show that inference in this model can be performed in constant space and linear time. The model is demonstrated in a discrete sequence prediction task where it is shown to achieve state of the art sequence prediction performance while using significantly less memory.
Questioning the Assumptions of Youth Violence Prevention Programs: The Role of Reflexive Evaluation in Program Development:

Several violence prevention projects are described and critiqued. One particular pilot program conducted with 20 Hispanic youth is reviewed. Evaluation of this after-school program emphasizing violence prevention, vocational training, and peer education revealed that students acquired job readiness skills and self-confidence in making presentations before groups. However, the value of violence prevention training was minimal. We introduce the role of reflexive evaluation to question the underlying assumptions of intervention programs. Specific assumptions of this and of previous programs are identified and critically assessed to foster a dialogue that will modify present practices and generate new ideas for future intervention programs.
Systems Engineering Human Capital Development: Objectives and Research Directions

This paper presents the challenges in ensuring the existence of a workforce this is capable of conceiving, realizing and supporting increasingly complex systems throughout the lifecycle. Accomplishing this will require that all systems decision makers are systems thinkers, all engineers have systems engineering skills, and all systems engineers are broad-based technical leaders. The human capital development and academic forum research focus areas of the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) and the International Council on Systems Engineers (INCOSE), respectively, are presented in this work. In addition, current status and future efforts are discussed.
Terahertz reflective imaging of damage mechanisms in the coating on metal substrate

Terahertz reflective imaging is applied to characterize the damage mechanisms in the coating on metal substrate after aging. THz frequency-wavelet deconvolution is designed to resolve the overlapping echoes due to the optically thin coating. With the decovolved THz data, different types of damages including corrosion, blisters and delamination are characterized quantitatively in three dimensions.
The Association between Depression, Perceived Health Status, and Quality of Life among Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012.

Background: Depression is the most common mental health disorder among those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with prevalence of 15-40%. However, the associat
Critique [of Self-Evaluation of Black and White College Students by Keith D. Parker]

The article by Keith D. Parker raises interesting theoretical and methodological questions, but this review focuses on the latter. The author is correct in his critical assessment of black self-esteem research (BSER) methodology. Projective measures have been used in most cases and questions have been raised regarding the validity of such self-esteem measures and therefore about the believability of BSER findings. In addition, blacks and whites tested have not been representative of the general black or white communities of the United States, yet inferences to and comparisons of the populations have been made. Finally, studies have employed non-multivariate statistical techniques which have prevented the use of controls.
Complete and optimal visibility-based pursuit-evasion:

This paper computes a minimum-length pursuer trajectory that solves a visibility-based pursuit-evasion problem in which a single pursuer moving through a simply-connected polygonal environment seek...
Immersion medicine programme for secondary students.

Background Although the proportion of ethnicities representing under-represented minorities in medicine (URM) in the general population has significantly increased, URM enrolment in medical schools within the USA has remained stagnant in recent years. Methods This study sought to examine the effect of an immersion in community medicine (ICM) programme on secondary school students' desire to enter the field of medicine and serve their communities. The authors asked all 69 ICM alumni to complete a 14-question survey consisting of six demographic, four programme and four career questions, rated on a Likert scale of 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree), coupled with optional free-text questions. Data were analysed using GraphPad prism and nvivo software. Results A total of 61 students responded, representing a response rate of 88.4 per cent, with a majority of respondents (73.7%) from URM backgrounds. An overwhelming majority of students agreed (with a Likert rating of 4 or 5) that the ICM programme increased their interest in becoming a physician (n = 56, 91.8%). Students reported shadowing patient-student-physician interactions to be the most useful (n = 60, 98.4%), and indicated that they felt that they would be more likely to lead to serving the local community as part of their future careers (n = 52, 85.3%). Of the students that were eligible to apply to medical school (n = 13), a majority (n = 11, 84.6%) have applied to medical school. URM enrolment in medical schools within the USA has remained stagnant in recent years DISCUSSION: Use of a community medicine immersion programme may help encourage secondary students from URM backgrounds to gain the confidence to pursue a career in medicine and serve their communities. Further examination of these programmes may yield novel insights into recruiting URM students to medicine.