cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new asymptotic method for jump phenomena

Physical phenomena involving rapid and sudden transitions, such as snap buckling of elastic shells, explosions, and earthquakes, are characterized mathematically as a small disturbance causing a large-amplitude response. Because of this, standard asymptotic and perturbation methods are ill-suited to these problems. In the present paper, a new method of analyzing jump phenomena is proposed. The principal feature of the method is the representation of the response in terms of rational functions. For illustration, the method is applied to the snap buckling of an elastic arch and to a simple combustion problem.
Spectroscopy of 96,97,98Ru: Possible emergence of collectivity at N ≥ 52

Abstract Detailed experimental information on high-spin states (up to ~ 20 ft) in the N ≥ 52 nuclei 96,97,98Ru has been obtained from gamma-ray spectroscopic studies following 65Cu(36S,pxn) reactions. The level schemes exhibit sequences of presumably negative-parity states linked by E2 transitions with monotonously increasing energies. These sequences coexist with the positive-parity yrast states where the transition energies are rather irregular. The negative-parity structures are suggestive of the emergence of rotational collectivity. The data are compared with TRS calculations for deformed h 11 2 neutron configurations.
Coexistence of acetylcholinesterase and somatostatin-immunoreactivity in neurons cultured from rat cerebrum

Cultures derived from rat cerebral hemispheres were sequentially stained for acetylcholinesterase activity and for either somatostatin-like immunoreactivity or cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was found to coexist with acetylcholinesterase activity in individual neurons of several morphological subtypes, but cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity and acetycholinesterase activity were never seen in the same neurons. These findings suggest a specific anatomical association, perhaps even an overlap, of the cholinergic and somatostatinergic systems in the mammalian cerebrum, and indicate that the combined deficiencies of somatostatin and cholinergic markers in Alzheimer's dementia and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type may be of pathophysiological importance.
Risk communication, value judgments, and the public-policy maker relationship in a climate of public sensitivity toward animals: revisiting britain's foot and mouth crisis

This paper offers some suggestions on, and encouragement for, how to be better at risk communication in times of agricultural crisis. During the foot and mouth epizootic, the British public, having no precedent to deal with such a rapid and widespread epizootic, no existing rules or conventions, and no social or political consensus, was forced to confront the facts of a perceived "economic disease." Foot and mouth appeared as an economic disease because the major push to eradicate it was motivated exclusively by trade and economic reasons and not because of threats it posed to the lives of human beings and livestock. The British public deferred responsibility to their elected officials for a speedy end to this non-life threatening viral epizootic. The latter, however, did not have a contingency plan in place to tackle such an extensive outbreak. The appeal to an existing policy, i.e., mass eradication, as the exclusive strategy of containment was a difficult pill for the public to swallow well before the end of the 226-day ordeal. Public outcry reflected (in part) serious misgivings about the lack of effective communication of risk-informed decisions between government agents and all concerned. The government's handling of the matter underestimated concerns and values about animal welfare, public trust, and the plight of farmers and rural communities. A general loss of trust by some segments of the public was exacerbated by perceived mismanagement and early fumbles by government agents. Public moral uneasiness during the crisis, while perhaps symbolic of growing discontent with an already fractured relationship with farmed animals and the state of animal farming today, arguably, also reflected deep disappointment in government agents to recognize inherently and conditionally normative assumptions in their argument as well as recognize their narrow conception of risk. Furthermore, broader stakeholder participation was clearly missing from the outset, especially with respect to the issue of vaccination. A greater appreciation for two-way risk communication is suggested for science-based public policy in agriculture, followed by suggestions on how to be more vigilant in the future.
Evolutionary patterns of Escherichia coli growth in seawater determined with a Host to Coast Environmental Laboratory Analog

The present study investigated evolution- ary patterns of Escherichia coli growth and survival in transmission through the coastal ecosystem between human host and seawater using a novel 'Host to Coast' Laboratory Analog simulating an 11 d sequence cycling through the pH and temperature conditions of the small intestine, colon, sewer, seawater, human stomach, and back into the small intestine. Although historically E. coli has been assumed to die off rapidly in seawater, a few instances of E. coli growth have been observed in environmental fresh water, soils, and nutrient- enriched tropical seawater, suggesting the potential for evolving greater viability in such environments. This study investigated whether E. coli can evolve increased capacity for growth and survival in seawater through selective exposures to singular abiotic factors such as the high alkalinity or low temperatures approx- imating coastal aquatic conditions, and also whether adaptation to cycling pH can lead to increased growth fitness in a human host. Specialists and generalists were examined to reveal patterns of trade-offs in the multi-stress environment of the Analog. Dramatic increases in fitness revealed in the Host to Coast Ana- log due to evolutionary exposure to alkalinity and cycling pH suggested that these factors are critically important in the evolutionary ecology of E. coli. Evolv- ing the capacity for seawater survival and growth, combined with increased capability to infect human hosts, could facilitate E. coli infection from seawater exposure. Results suggest implications for wastewater management in order to prevent superior strains of pathogenic E. coli from evolving.
A Technic for the Recovery of Viruses from Crude Feces

SummaryUsing an infusion broth diluent containing 10 mg streptomycin and 2 mg tyrothrycin per ml, it was possible, by injection into the yolk sacs of 6-7-day-old embryonated eggs, to recover free from bacteria: psittacosis, influenza or mumps viruses from suspensions of fresh feces to which they had been added. The diluent had no apparent injurious effect on these viruses.P-aminobenzoic acid was found to counteract the inhibitory action of sulfadiazine allowing for the recovery of psittacosis virus when the virus was suspended in materials containing the sulfonamide and injected into eggs. The injection of the p-aminobenzoic acid could be delayed up to 24 hours when injected in 1 mg amounts after a virus suspension containing 10 mg of sulfadiazine. In a similar series of experiments it was found that 15 mg cysteine hydrochloride would overcome the inhibitory action of l000 U penicillin on psittacosis virus when given as long as 24 hours after the virus suspension containing this antibiotic. These antagoni...
Direct-contact co-culture between smooth muscle and endothelial cells inhibits TNF-α-mediated endothelial cell activation

We used a direct-contact endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell (EC-SMC) co-culture to examine whether quiescent SMCs regulate the EC inflammatory response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. ECs were c...
Structural studies of sulfur-passivated GaAs (100) surfaces with LEED and AFM

We present the results of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES ), low-energy electron diVraction (LEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM ) analysis of sulfur-passivating layers on the GaAs (100) surface. The GaAs surfaces were passivated with both inorganic [(NH 4 ) 2 S x ] and organic [octadecylthiol (ODT )] S-based compounds. We prepared the inorganic sulfur-passivated GaAs(100) surfaces with a wet chemical treatment using (NH 4 ) 2 S solution. This was followed by thermal annealing of the treated sample in an ultrahigh vacuum ( UHV ). After ex-situ and in-situ treatments, the surface resulted in a (2◊1) LEED pattern. The LEED data (I‐E curves) were recorded and compared with dynamical LEED calculations for diVerent structural models for the sulfur-passivated GaAs (100) surface. The results showed that the sulfur-passivated (2◊1) surface structure is an arsenic‐sulfur dimer on a Ga-terminated substrate. The ex-situ AFM results also revealed a (2◊1) structure for the inorganic passivation and a very smooth surface for the organic ODT in the ethanol-treated sample. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Recent advances in the discovery of Src kinase inhibitors

Src family kinases are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of normal cellular signal transduction pathways, such as cell growth, differentiation, survival, adhesion and migration. Considerable evidence implicates elevated expression and/or activity of Src kinases in many human cancers, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disorders and immune system dysfunction; thus, this family of protein tyrosine kinases now exists as intriguing targets for both basic research and drug discovery. Herein, a number of examples of currently developed Src family kinase inhibitors in selected patents from 2002 – 2005 will be described. Special attention will be made to the chemical diversity of ATP binding site inhibitors, potency, selectivity and therapeutic application of the compounds.
Nanoscale Biogeocomplexity of the Organomineral Assemblage in Soil: Application of STXM Microscopy and C 1s-NEXAFS Spectroscopy

Methodological constraints limit the extent to which existing soil aggregationmodels explaincarbon(C) stabilization insoil. Wehypothesize that the physical infrastructure of microaggregates plays a major role in determining the chemistry of the occluded C and intimate associations between particulate C, chemically stabilized C and the soil mineral matrix. We employed synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (C 1s-NEXAFS) spectroscopy to investigate the nanoscale physical assemblage and C chemistry of 150-mm microaggregates from a Kenyan Oxisol. Ultra-thin sections were obtained after embedding microaggregates in a sulfur block and sectioning on a cryo-microtome at 255C. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed four spatially distinct features: pore surfaces, mineral matter, organic matter, and their mixtures. The occurrence of these features did not vary between exterior and interior locations; however, the degree of oxidation decreased while the complexity and occurrence of aliphatic C forms increased from exterior to interior regions of the microaggregate. At both locations, compositional mapping rendered a nanoscale distribution of oxidized C clogging pores and coating pore cavities on mineral surface. Hydrophobic organic matter of aromatic and aliphatic nature, representing particulate C forms appeared physically occluded in 2- to 5-mm pore spaces. Our findings demonstrate that organic matter in microaggregates may be found as either oxidized C associated with mineral surfaces or aromatic and aliphatic C in particulate form. Using STXM and C 1s-NEXAFS we are for the first time able to resolve the nanoscale biogeocomplexity of unaltered soil microaggregates.
Candidate genes and political behavior

Political scientists are making increasing use of the methodologies of behavior genetics in an attempt to uncover whether or not political behavior is heritable, as well as the specific genotypes that might act as predisposing factors for—or predictors of—political “phenotypes.” Noteworthy among the latter are a series of candidate gene association studies in which researchers claim to have discovered one or two common genetic variants that predict such behaviors as voting and political orientation. We critically examine the candidate gene association study methodology by considering, as a representative example, the recent study by Fowler and Dawes according to which “two genes predict voter turnout.” In addition to demonstrating, on the basis of the data set employed by Fowler and Dawes, that two genes do not predict voter turnout, we consider a number of difficulties, both methodological and genetic, that beset the use of gene association studies, both candidate and genome-wide, in the social and behavioral sciences.
Silencing: new faces of Morpheus' molecule

Eukaryotic genomes contain large numbers of transposable elements that not only pose a threat to genome integrity but also regulate expression of certain protein‐coding genes. The molecular mechanisms of transposon silencing are still not very well understood. Two papers in this issue of The EMBO Journal shed new light on the function of Morpheus’ molecule (MOM1), one of the most mysterious components of the silencing systems in plants.
A monolithic three-axis silicon capacitive accelerometer with micro-g resolution

A monolithic three-axis silicon capacitive accelerometer utilizing a combined surface and bulk micromachining technology is demonstrated with micro-g resolution. The accelerometer consists of three individual single-axis accelerometers. All three devices have full-wafer thick silicon proof-mass, large area polysilicon sense/drive electrodes, and small sensing gap ( 5pF/g measured sensitivity and sub-/spl mu/g//spl radic/Hz mechanical noise floor for all three axes. The total measured noise floor of the accelerometer hybrid assembled with CMOS interface circuit is 1.60 /spl mu/g//spl radic/Hz, 1.08 /spl mu/g//spl radic/Hz for in-plane and out-of-plane devices, respectively.
Using Genetic Algorithms to Aid in a Vulnerability Analysis of National Missile Defense Simulation Software

The National Strategy for Homeland Defense, published by the then U.S. Office of Homeland Security in July 2002, directs all U.S. government agencies to conduct vulnerability analyses of their sensitive systems. This policy applies to Department of Defense systems, including the simulation packages used to design and exercise national missile defense.Many, if not most, of the previous vulnerability analyses of missile defense simulation platforms have utilized traditional reverse engineering techniques along with a review of all documentation and publicly available sources. These experiments have produced some useful information, though the amount of platform specific data recovered has been limited.The use of genetic algorithms (GAs) has been shown to be an effective method of performing boundary analysis and parameter optimization. In this paper, we show how GAs can be used to extract information concerning how particular parameters affect heavily parameterized missile defense simulation system performa...
Yield decomposition and excitation energy reconstruction in an incomplete fusion reaction

The velocity distribution of fusionlike products formed in the reaction 701 MeV {sup 28}Si+{sup 100}Mo is decomposed into 26 incomplete fusion channels. If Coulomb corrections are neglected the yields of the incomplete fusion channels correlate much better with the {ital Q} value for projectile fragmentation than with the {ital Q} value for incomplete fusion. However, the correlation is much improved for incomplete fusion if a Coulomb correction is included. The partition of linear momentum between various sources is deduced using the measured residue velocity, multicomponent fits to light charged particle spectra, and mean neutron multiplicities. This reconstruction indicates that a substantial fraction of the momentum is not detected by our apparatus when slow residues are produced. With reasonable assumptions about this missing momentum component, the initial excitation of the compoundlike system is calculated as a function of the residue velocity.
Psychophysics with the split-brain subject: On hemispheric differences and numerical mediation in perceptual matching tasks☆

Abstract Two questions concerning the mediation of psychophysical scaling of lateralized stimuli were investigated in commissurotomized patients: (I) Is cross modality matching mediated by subvocal number assignment? (II) Are there hemispheric differences in psychophysical scaling? When exponents of power functions characterizing the magnitude estimation of joint position in right and left hands and line length in right and left visual fields were compared between the hemispheres, only the left hemisphere was able to make such judgements. When exponents of functions characterizing the cross modality matching of these stimuli were compared between the hemispheres, there were no significant differences. These results argue against mediation of cross modality matching by subvocal number assignment, and this demonstration of symmetrical transduction of univariate stimuli suggests a reinterpretation of the literature reporting perceptual asymmetries.
Preparing RNs for the OR through a certificate in perioperative nursing program.

ABSTRACT • THE NEED FOR QUALIFIED perioperative nurses is an ongoing issue, and many hospitals are training their own. • OFTEN, A FACILITY WILL INVEST time and money to train a perioperative nurse, only to have the nurse leave to work for a competitor. • THIS ARTICLE describes how hospitals in the city of Louisville, Ky, pooled resources to develop a certificate in perioperative nursing program to address these issues. AORN J 80 (October 2004) 690–698.
A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in the United States

Risk factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection were investigated in a case-control study at 10 medical centers throughout the United States. Among 73 case-patients and 142 matched controls, exposures in the 7 days before illness associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection in univariate analysis included consumption of hamburger (matched odds ratio [MOR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-7.9), undercooked hamburger (MOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.6-12.2), or hot dogs (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4); eating at a fast-food restaurant (MOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6); drinking unchlorinated well water (MOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.7); swimming in a pond (MOR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.1-26.0); and having a household member with diarrhea (MOR, 11.9; 95% CI, 2.7-53.5). In multivariate analysis, only eating undercooked hamburger remained associated with infection. Seven (8%) of 93 patients developed hemolytic uremic syndrome and 1 died. Prevention strategies aimed at modifying risk factors may help to reduce the risk of infection with E. coli O157:H7.
Intermediate-mass-ratio black hole binaries: intertwining numerical and perturbative techniques

ja=Mj < 0:3. Including the nal spins improves the overlap functions when comparing full numerical and perturbative waveforms, reaching 99.5% for the leading (‘;m) = (2; 2) and (3,3) modes, and 98.3% for the nonleading (2,1) mode in the q = 1=10 case, which includes 8 orbits before merger. For the q = 1=15 case, we obtain overlaps near 99.7% for all three modes. We discuss the modeling of the full inspiral and merger based on a combined matching of post-Newtonian, full numerical, and geodesic trajectories. There is strong indirect evidence for the existence of black holes (BHs) of a few solar masses (M ) residing in galaxies and for supermassive BHs (SMBHs), with masses 10 5 M -10 10 M in the central cores of active galaxies. These BHs can form binaries and the mergers of black-hole binaries (BHBs) are expected to be the strongest sources of gravitational radiation and the most energetic event in the Universe. The current generation of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors, such as LIGO, VIRGO, and GEO, are most sensitive to BHB mergers with total masses of a few tens to hundreds of solar masses, while the space-based LISA detector will be sensitive to mergers of BHBs with a few million solar masses.
Cytokine modulation of chondrocyte proteinase release

Nonenzymatic, trypsin sensitive cytokines derived from lectin stimulated normal human mononuclear cells have been shown to induce release of proteoglycan and collagen degrading proteinase activity from chondrocytes in cartilage organ and isolated suspension culture systems. Active chondrocyte protein and RNA synthesis were required to induce activity. Cytokines responsible were of both monocyte and T cell origin. Direct monokine catabolic induction and monokine/lectin-triggered lymphokine inducing activity could be demonstrated. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and direct or indirect modulation of mononuclear cell or chondrocyte cAMP levels had no effect on factor synthesis or activity. Hydrocortisone abrogated the effect. Cytokines responsible were heat labile, unaffected by reduction/alkylation or neuraminidase exposure, and stable over a pH range of 3-10.
Smoking policies in small worksites in Minnesota.

Abstract Purpose To examine correlates of smoking policies in a stratified sample of small worksites in Minnesota and to determine knowledge and attitudes of the owners and managers regarding the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (MCIAA) rules that newly applied to their businesses. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Minnesota offices and factories/warehouses with 5 to 50 employees. Subjects Owners or managers of offices and factories/warehouses; sample size = 233; response rate = 66%. Measures Existence and strength of worksite smoking policies. Analysis Comparison of factories/warehouses and offices in metropolitan and greater Minnesota using chi square and linear and logistic regression analyses. Results Approximately two-thirds of the worksites claimed to have a smoking policy, but only 26% of the total sample had a policy in writing. Worksites that offered health insurance to their employees were more likely to have a written policy (p < .0001), as were offices in the metro area compared with ot...
The Court of Comedy: Aristophanes, Rhetoric, and Democracy in Fifth-Century Athens

At a certain point in Acharnians (425 bce), Dicaepolis proclaims to the chorus that comedy can occasionally clarify what is right and good. Tellingly, Aristophanes's protagonist adopts numerous rol...
Filler Reinforcement of Liquid Elastomers

Abstract To realize the potential processing benefits of liquid rubbers, methods must be developed for producing acceptable reinforced compounds which retain the inherent rheological advantages of the uncured polymer. The most promising commercially available liquid rubbers are functionally terminated low molecular weight analogs of common general-purpose elastomers such as poly-(butadiene) or butadiene copolymers. In principle, these low molecular weight polymers can be vulcanized by a combination of chain extension and cross-linking to yield vulcanizates comparable to those from solid elastomers. Both cure reactions can be carried out simultaneously with a chemically specific polyfunctional coupling agent, or alternatively, chain extension with a difunctional reactant can be followed by use of accelerated sulfur or equivalent crosslinking agents. In contrast to certain polar polymers, liquid hydrocarbon rubbers yield relatively weak vulcanizates which are unsuitable for mechanical and tire applications....
Effects of Economic Policy Under Capital Controls

This note provides students with a basic understanding of the Mundell-Fleming model, also known as the IS-LM-BP model. The model is useful in understanding the effects of capital controls (typically in a fixed currency exchange rate regime) on a country’s macroeconomic variables. It enables the determination of equilibrium income and how this income responds to economic policy and shocks. It merges the foreign exchange market (BP curve), the goods market (IS curve) and the money market (LM curve).
Use of Education in Preventing Injuries

Health education, more than simply imparting information, should have some actual impact on death, disability, disease, discomfort, and dissatisfaction. The author calls for greater and more outreaching educational efforts to reach all those in society who possess the power to affect the environment in which children live.
Cathodoluminescence Wavelength Imaging Study of Clustering in InAs/GaAs Self-Assembled Quantum Dots

Cathodoluminescence wavelength imaging (CLWI) of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) was performed to study the spatial variation in the spectral lineshape of the broadened quantum dot (QD) ensemble. The lineshape was found to vary on a scale of ∼μm, revealing attendant variations in the size distribution of SAQD clusters on this spatial scale. Energy variations in clusters of SAQDs are found to exhibit a spatial correlation with the efficiency of luminescence and the activation energy for thermal re-emission of carriers. A reduction in the energy variation of the QD clusters occurs when the thickness of the spacer layers in vertically self-organized samples is reduced or the number of stacks is increased. SAQDs were also prepared by punctuated island growth (PIG), in which deposition of the total desired amount is broken into two or more stages each separated by time delays. CLWI reveals a reduced variation in the energy of the dominant CL emission on a ∼μm spatial scale, correlating with a narrower size distribution of larger QDs for PIG, as measured in atomic force microscopy.
Interplay of message framing, keyword insertion and levels of product involvement in click-through of keyword search ads

This study examines the effects of ad message strategies, especially message framing and keyword insertion, along with online users’ levels of product involvement in the context of keyword search ads. A total of 166 undergraduate students participated in the experiment, featuring a 2 (positively vs negatively framed message) × 2 (keyword insertion vs no keyword insertion) between-subjects design with a covariate (i.e. levels of product involvement). The results revealed that all three variables were working together to influence online users’ click-through behaviour. Collectively, the result verifies the premise that both the message characteristics and the characteristics of online users should be taken into account to explain click-through of keyword search ads. Implications and limitations are also discussed.
High Resolution Electron Microscopy Studies of MBE Grown InSb Layers on GaAs (100)

InSb films grown directly on (100) GaAs substrates by MBE have been examined in the transmission electron microscope. High quality, epitaxial layers were deposited despite the 14.6% lattice mismatch between film and substrate. Nearly all of the misfit strain has been accommodated by a square array of a/2{011} edge-type misfit dislocations spaced on average 29A apart. These defects are proposed to be spontaneously generated in the epitaxial layer almost as soon as it begins to grow, and are favoured over 60° type dislocations because they are more efficient at relieving misfit strain while allowing more coherent interface area to form. The films that have been produced have low defect densities (ie. threading dislocations and microtwins) considering the large lattice mismatch in this system. Antimony precipitates have been noted in some films, but can be totally eliminated by careful control of the In/Sb flux ratio. Finally we have observed that loss of Sb from the specimen surface leads to a gradual degradation of the InSb during TEM observation, leading to the appearance of surface indium or indium oxide.
Bronchoprotection and bronchorelaxation in asthma: New targets, and new ways to target the old ones.

Despite over 50 years of inhaled beta-agonists and corticosteroids as the default management or rescue drugs for asthma, recent research suggests that new therapeutic options are likely to emerge. This belief stems from both an improved understanding of what causes and regulates airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction, and the identification of new targets whose inhibition or activation can relax ASM. In this review we discuss the recent findings that provide new insight into ASM contractile regulation, a revolution in pharmacology that identifies new ways to “tune” G protein-coupled receptors to improve therapeutic efficacy, and the discovery of several novel targets/approaches capable of effecting bronchoprotection or bronchodilation.
Correlation of immune reactivity and clinical status in cancer.

Cellular immune competence was quantitated in 100 postoperative cancer patients considered clinically free of tumor and compared with that of 200 preoperative cancer patients and over 400 normal persons. Immunity was assessed by in vitro phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte reactiv­ ity and in vivo dinitrochlorobenzene (D N C B) contact sensitivity. The immune reactivity of the cured cancer patients correlated with the histology of the tumor previously excised. Patients cured of squamous carcinomas had high incidences of impairment of lymphocyte reactivity and DNCB contact sensi­ tivity similar to that found in preoperative patients. Patients with sarcomas, melanomas and adenocarcinomas, however, had lymphocyte reactivity higher than both their preoperative counterparts and normal subjects and did not display the abnormalities of DNCB contact sensitivity present in the compara­ ble preoperative groups. A suppressant effect on lymphocyte reactivity of sera from preoperative pa­ tients with squamous carcinomas and sarcomas also occurred with sera from cured squamous carcinoma patients. The persisting high incidence of impaired cellular immunity in patients cured of squamous carcinomas indicates the need for investigation of genetic and environmental factors which may be respon­ sible for the defects and determination of their relation to tumor induction. Treatment of these tumors may be improved by monitoring immune reactivity during therapy and by regimens that correct these defects. The intact cellular immune competence of patients clinically cured of sarcomas, melanomas and adenocarcinomas indicates that patients treated for tumors of these histologic types who display abnormalities by the assays used may be suspect of having residual tumor.
Hijacking Host Cell Highways: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

Intracellular bacterial pathogens replicate within eukaryotic cells and display unique adaptations that support key infection events including invasion, replication, immune evasion, and dissemination. From invasion to dissemination, all stages of the intracellular bacterial life cycle share the same three-dimensional cytosolic space containing the host cytoskeleton. For successful infection and replication, many pathogens hijack the cytoskeleton using effector proteins introduced into the host cytosol by specialized secretion systems. A subset of effectors contains eukaryotic-like motifs that mimic host proteins to exploit signaling and modify specific cytoskeletal components such as actin and microtubules. Cytoskeletal rearrangement promotes numerous events that are beneficial to the pathogen, including internalization of bacteria, subversion of cell intrinsic immunity, structural support for bacteria-containing vacuoles, altered vesicular trafficking, actin-dependent bacterial movement, and pathogen dissemination. This review highlights a diverse group of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that manipulate the host cytoskeleton to thrive within eukaryotic cells and discusses underlying molecular mechanisms that promote these dynamic host-pathogen interactions.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: A common diagnostic dilemma

Target Audience: Primary care physicians and psychiatrists. Learning Objectives: Differentiate the diagnostic symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Differentiate theclinical course and key prognostic features of OCD and GAD. Identify primary care setting approaches for OCD and GAD. Accreditation Statement: The Mount Sinai School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide Continuing Medical Education for physicians. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine designates this Continuing Medical Education activity for a maximum of 3.0 Category 1 credit(s) toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those credits that he/she actually spent in the educational activity. Credits will be calculated by the MSSM OCME and provided for the journal upon completion of agenda. it Is the policy of Mount Sinai School of Medicine to ensure fair balance, independence, objectivity, and scientific rigor in all its sponsored activities. All faculty participating in sponsored activities are expected to disclose to the audience any real or apparent conflict-of-interest related to the content of their presentation. and any discussion of unlabeled or Investigational use of any commercial product or device not yet approved in the United States. To receive credit for this activity: Read this article, and the two CME-designated accompanying articles, reflect on the information presented, and then complete the CME quiz found on page 58. To obtain credits, you should score 70% or better. Termination dote: March 31, 2007. The estimated time to complete all three articles and the quiz Is 3 hours.
One-pass drying of rough rice with an industrial 915 MHz microwave dryer: Quality and energy use consideration

Microwave (MW) at 915 MHz has potential to achieve one pass rough rice drying. However, optimising processing parameters to maintain the rice quality is crucial. Effects of MW treatment on rice moisture removal, milled rice characteristics, and energy requirements for continuous one pass drying operation were quantified. Freshly harvested rough rice with initial moisture content of 25% wet basis was dried in a pilot-scale 915 MHz microwave dryer. The dryer was set to transmit MW power ranging between 3 and 24 kW during 8 min of drying. During treatments, rough rice was conveyed at bed thicknesses, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 m; supplied specific energy was maintained at 450, 600 and 750 kJ kg −1 of rough rice. Moisture removed varied between 6% and 15% points, depending on rice bed thickness (0.01–0.05 m) and applied specific energy (450–750 kJ kg −1 ). Increasing rice bed thickness and specific energy reduced milling and head rice yields, increased final viscosity of milled rice, but marginally affected rice peak viscosity and surface lipid and protein contents (p −1 and 750 kJ kg −1 of rough rice, 4574 kJ and 5986 kJ were required per kg of water removed, respectively; this translated to 13 and 16 USD per metric ton of dried rice, respectively. The study demonstrated feasibility of one pass MW drying of rough rice; 450–600 kJ kg −1 of rough rice was recommended to preserve rice quality and achieved better energy use efficiency.
Co-use of Alcohol and Opioids

This paper provides a narrative review of the co-use of alcohol and opioids, and its impact on biological, neurocognitive, and behavioral systems. In addition, data addressing co-use among patients receiving opioid replacement therapy and those who have chronic pain are discussed. Alcohol and opioids are among the most commonly used substances, and co-use has contributed to a growing number of accidental poisonings, emergency room visits, and overdose deaths. Prevalence of co-use is high among multiple populations and severely impacts treatment outcomes. Treatment for those that co-use alcohol and opioids is inadequate. Future research should further investigate salient influences on co-use and identify potential targets for intervention to address this treatment need.
Growth in spaceflight hardware results in alterations to the transcriptome and proteome.

Abstract The Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware has been used to house many biology experiments on both the Space Transport System (STS, commonly known as the space shuttle) and the International Space Station (ISS). However, microscopic examination of Arabidopsis seedlings by Johnson et al. (2015) indicated the hardware itself may affect cell morphology. The experiment herein was designed to assess the effects of the BRIC-Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFU) hardware on the transcriptome and proteome of Arabidopsis seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first transcriptomic and proteomic comparison of Arabidopsis seedlings grown with and without hardware. Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type Columbia (Col-0) seeds were sterilized and bulk plated on forty-four 60 mm Petri plates, of which 22 were integrated into the BRIC-PDFU hardware and 22 were maintained in closed containers at Ohio University. Seedlings were grown for approximately 3 days, fixed with RNAlater® and stored at -80 °C prior to RNA and protein extraction, with proteins separated into membrane and soluble fractions prior to analysis. The RNAseq analysis identified 1651 differentially expressed genes; MS/MS analysis identified 598 soluble and 589 membrane proteins differentially abundant both at p
Abstract 12613: High-sensitivity Troponin-I is Predictive of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in a High-Risk Patient Population

Introduction: Biomarkers have been linked to incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population. We evaluated the association between several biomarkers previously shown to be predictors o...
Capacitated path-aggregation constraint model for arc disruption in networks

Abstract Path-aggregation constraint (PAC) models can be used to represent flows across networks with specific origin-destination demand pairs without requiring explicit enumeration of all potential paths, greatly reducing the computational burden needed analyze a network’s performance in the event of arc disruptions. This paper presents new PAC models for examining arc disruptions on networks, providing the first known models to extend such PACs to capacitated arcs. Extensive computational testing demonstrates that these novel arc-capacitated models do not significantly increase computational burden beyond that required by arc-uncapacitated models, while avoiding the suboptimal performance achieved when uncapacitated models are applied to arc-capacitated networks.
Reconciling Multiple IPsec and Firewall Policies (Transcript of Discussion)

A little bit of background to explain where this is coming from. Microsoft Vista has now shipped, as I’m sure you are all aware, and there’s an improved IPsec implementation in there, which had quite a lot of work done on overhauling it. I had the job of being one of the people on the design review team, so one of the things I was doing over the last year or so was trying to poke holes in IPsec. The low level view of this talk is it’s about ways in which you might look for security holes in IPsec implementations, but there’s a more general principle to be drawn.
Management of chronic ulcerative colitis and rectovaginal fistula by simultaneous ileal pouch construction and fistula closure. Report of a case.

Persistent rectovaginal fistulas occurring with ulcerative colitis are unusual manifestations that complicate surgical or medical treatment of the primary disease. Prior to the development of ileal pouch proceduress many cases were traditionally managed with a total colectomy and permanent ileostomy. The authors are aware of no previous study using concurrent fistula repair combined with ileal pouch construction to manage this complex problem. The successful simultaneous repair of a chronic rectovaginal fistula with ileal pouch reconstruction in a patient with intractable ulcerative colitis is reported.
Partial Orders and Lattices

This chapter explains partial orders and lattices. Lattices are defined in terms of two operations analogous to set intersection and union. These induce a partial order analogous to subset ordering. Lattices have application both to explicit definition and to the development of Boolean algebra. Whenever there is a noncyclic relationship on the elements of a set, this relationship provides a natural partial order for the set. For example, any cycle-free directed graph displays explicitly a partial order on the vertices of the graph. In particular, the flowchart for a loop-free program displays a partial order on the computation steps, the order in which the computations are performed. Small loops can even be accommodated into the order if each entire loop is considered as a single entity. The useful partial orders are related to the linear order of the integers or to an alphabetical order.
The Production of Hydrogen from Methane Using Tubular Plasma Reactors

The dc plasma catalytic system is very effective in the conversion of methane to hydrogen, acetylene, and carbon monoxide. Reducing the cross sectional area of the reactor decreased the amount of gas that was bypassing the streamer discharges resulting in an increase in methane conversion. Single pass methane conversions as high as 68% and hydrogen, acetylene, and carbon monoxide yields of 52%, 47%, and 21%, respectively, have been achieved. High hydrogen yields can be achieved under different conditions. The highest conversions were obtained with an oxygen concentration of 2% and a residence time of 2.6 seconds. Further work needs to be done to reduce the energy cost. The projected cost of hydrogen may be met by increasing conversion and the throughput of methane while maintaining similar power requirements. This could be accomplished by further minimizing bypassing to increase the overall efficiency of the plasma zone.
The New Uniform Directed Trust Act Paves the Way for Creative and Thoughtful Divided Trusteeship

This chapter summarizes the four areas of practical innovation of the Uniform Directed Trust Act (UDTA). The first is a careful allocation of fiduciary duties. The UDTA’s basic approach is to take the law of trusteeship and attach it to whichever person holds the powers of trusteeship, even if that person is not formally a trustee. Thus, under the UDTA the fiduciary responsibility for a power of direction attaches primarily to the trust director (or trust protector or trust adviser) who holds the power, with only a diminished duty to avoid “willful misconduct” applying to a directed trustee (or administrative trustee). The second innovation is a comprehensive treatment of non-fiduciary issues, such as appointment, vacancy, and limitations. Here again, the UDTA largely absorbs the law of trusteeship for a trust director. The UDTA also deals with new and distinctive subsidiary problems that do not arise in ordinary trusts, such as the sharing of information between a trustee and a trust director. The third innovation is a reconciliation of directed trusts with the traditional law of co-trusteeship. The UDTA permits a settlor to allocate fiduciary duties between co-trustees in a manner similar to the allocation between a trust director and directed trustee in a directed trust. The fourth innovation is a careful system of exclusions that preserves existing law and settlor autonomy with respect to tax planning, revocable trusts, powers of appointment, and other issues. Prepared for the 2018 Heckerling Institute on Estate Planning at the University of Miami, this chapter is an abridgment of John D. Morley & Robert H. Sitkoff, Making Directed Trusts Work: The Uniform Directed Trust Act, 44 ACTEC L.J. 1 (2018, Forthcoming), available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3256987.
Introduction to Drugs of Abuse

Abstract Federal drugs of abuse testing were initiated in 1986 when President Ronald Reagan issued an Executive Order to test federal employees working in safety sensitive positions. Then National Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA) mandated testing of five drugs (amphetamines, cocaine as benzoylecgonine, opiates, phencyclidine, and marijuana). Later Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) became responsible for mandating federal drug testing program. In 2015, SAMHSA added oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone testing. Commonly abused drugs in the United States include amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines, opiates, and marijuana although various designer drugs including synthetic cannabinoids and amphetamine are gaining popularity. Majority of drugs of abuse testings are conducted using urine specimens. Initial screening is conducted using appropriate immunoassays at cutoff concentrations mandated by SAMHSA. However, in legal drug testing, initial screening positive specimens must be confirmed using a different analytical technique most commonly gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry using SAMHSA mandated confirmation cutoff because false positive test result may occur with immunoassay screening.
Predictors of survival in pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC): An analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

399Background: PSCC is a rare form of exocrine pancreatic malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Using the NCDB, we determined the prognostic factors and survival outcomes of PSCC in the United States...
The effect of glenohumeral radial mismatch on different augmented total shoulder arthroplasty glenoid designs: a finite element analysis.

Background Augmented glenoid implants to correct bone loss can possibly reconcile current prosthetic failures and improve long-term performance for total shoulder arthroplasty. Biomechanical implant studies have suggested benefits from augmented glenoid components, but limited evidence exists on optimal design. Methods An integrated kinematic finite element analysis (FEA) model was used to evaluate optimal augmented glenoid design based on biomechanical performance in translation in the anteroposterior plane similar to clinical loading and failure mechanisms with osteoarthritis. Computer-aided design software models of 2 different commercially available augmented glenoid designs—wedge (Equinox; Exactech, Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA) and step (STEPTECH; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA) were created according to precise manufacturer's dimensions of the implants. Using FEA, they were virtually implanted to correct 20° of retroversion. Two glenohumeral radial mismatches, 3.5/4 mm and 10 mm, were evaluated for joint stability and implant fixation simulating high-risk conditions for failure. Results The wedged and step designs showed similar glenohumeral joint stability under both radial mismatches. Surrogate for micromotion was a combination of distraction, translation, and compression. With similar behavior and measurements for distraction and translation, compression dictated micromotion (wedge: 3.5 mm = 0.18 mm and 10 mm = 0.10 mm; step: 3.5 mm = 0.19 mm and 10 mm = 0.25 mm). Stress levels on the backside of the implant and on the cement mantle were higher using a step design. Discussion Greater radial mismatch has the advantage of providing higher glenohumeral stability with tradeoffs, such as higher implant and cement mantle stress levels, and micromotion worse when using a step design.
Supportive Leadership Behavior in the Public Sector: Gender and the Manager-Employee Relationship

Many organizations espouse a commitment to diversity and inclusion, and in practice many have made actual strides in diversifying their workforce overall and creating a more inclusive environment. ...