cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parainfluenza Virus 5 M Protein Interaction with Host Protein 14-3-3 Negatively Affects Virus Particle Formation

Paramyxovirus matrix (M) proteins organize virus assembly, linking viral glycoproteins and viral ribonucleoproteins together at virus assembly sites on cellular membranes. Using a yeast two-hybrid screening approach, we identified 14-3-3 as a binding partner for the M protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). Binding in both transfected and PIV5-infected cells was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and was mapped to a C-terminal region within the M protein, namely, 366-KTKSLP-371. This sequence resembles known 14-3-3 binding sites, in which the key residue for binding is a phosphorylated serine residue. Mutation of S369 within the PIV5 M protein disrupted 14-3-3 binding and improved the budding of both virus-like particles (VLPs) and recombinant viruses, suggesting that 14-3-3 binding impairs virus budding. 14-3-3 protein overexpression reduced the budding of VLPs. Using 33P labeling, phosphorylated M protein was detected in PIV5-infected cells, and this phosphorylation was nearly absent in cells infected with a recombinant virus harboring an S369A mutation within the M protein. Assembly of the M protein into clusters and filaments at infected cell surfaces was enhanced in cells infected with a recombinant virus defective in 14-3-3 binding. These findings support a model in which a portion of M protein within PIV5-infected cells is phosphorylated at residue S369, binds the 14-3-3 protein, and is held away from sites of virus budding.
Bent rectangular core waveguides: An accurate perturbation approach

We discuss a method of evaluating the effective indices of quasimodes of a bent rectangular core waveguide taking into account the correct dielectric constant of the corner regions, which is ignored in earlier methods. At small bend curvatures and low V values, the corner regions contribute much more to the effective index change than the bending itself. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Anomalies and the particle content of grand unified theories

Abstract For the largest class of grand unified models based on simple gauge groups, the presence of anomalies not only results in unrenormalizability, but in addition means that there are charged, massless fermions in the theory. Conversely, the absence of charged, massless particles in such models guarantees the absence of anomalies. For models outside this class, if there are anomalies but no charged massless fermions, the anomalies occur only for rather exotic currents.
New Frontiers in Leadership Computing [Guest Editorial]

The guest editors present the second part of a two-part special issue on leadership computing.
After CLASS: The Long-Term Care Commission’s Search For A Solution

With six months to provide its recommendations, the new Long-Term Care Commission faces a daunting task.
Regional uptake of 3H-melatonin from blood or cerebrospinal fluid by rat brain.

MELATONIN (5-methoxy N-acetyltryptamine) is synthesized in the pineal glands of mammals through the action of the enzyme hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) (refs. 1 and 2). Because the activity of this enzyme varies diurnally among rats kept in cyclic lighting conditions, it has been suggested that melatonin secretion follows a similar rhythmic pattern3. Melatonin has been identified in urine and in peripheral nerve4. Neither the kidney nor nervous tissue contains measurable HIOMT activity, however, and this has been taken as evidence that the indole is secreted from the pineal. It has not yet been possible to demonstrate melatonin in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); this inability may result from the absence of melatonin in body fluids, a very rapid rate of inactivation once the indole leaves the pineal, or the lack of sensitive techniques for assaying melatonin. For this reason, it is not known whether melatonin is normally secreted into the blood or the CSF.
Large-scale structure at the core–mantle boundary from diffracted waves

AT the base of the Earth's mantle is a region, called D″, which serves as a thermal and chemical boundary layer between the silicate mantle and the liquid-iron outer core1,2. Tomographic models of mantle compressional-wave velocity (vp) have their worst resolution in D″, owing to limited ray sampling3–5, but have hinted at large-scale lateral variations there. Here I use a new technique, which has its greatest resolution within D″, to produce a map of the large-scale vp variations within D″. The technique compares the arrival times of waves that have been refracted across and diffracted around the core–mantle boundary (CMB). The diffracted waves travel a long way in D″, making them excellent probes of this layer, and the differential technique removes many effects arising from ray paths outside of D″ (ref. 6). The new map provides an image of the continent-sized variations at the CMB that is complementary to existing shear-wave data7,8, and similarities between the map and projections of ancient subducted lithosphere9 verify previous suggestions10 of a strong coupling between surface plate tectonics and the base of the mantle.
Northern Squawfish (PtychocheHus Oregonensis) for Surimi Production

Surimi was made from freshwater Northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and tested for processing characteristics and quality. The surimi yield (two washes) averaged 17.9% with moisture 72.10% and protein content 17.54%. Stress and strain results indicated that it was feasible to produce surimi from squawfish stored in ice for up to 9 days. Fish freshness affected initial surimi gel strength and color and had variable effects on loss of gel strength during frozen storage.
The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Mathematics

Thirty years have elapsed since an important international convention took place in Konigsberg with a view to surveying the main schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics. Although this convention was held in the city where Immanuel Kant was born, taught, wrote, and died, his philosophical views of mathematical knowledge, which had enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the nineteenth century, played a negligible role in the 1930 debates. As a matter of fact, these debates were almost entirely dominated by three rival schools of thought usually referred to as mathematical logicism, intuitionism, and formalism. None of these trends was related to Kant’s philosophy of mathematics.1)
Strongly enhanced magnetic moments of vanadium impurities in thin films of sodium and potassium.

Thin quench-condensed films of Na and K are covered with $1/100$ of a monolayer of V. Then the impurities are covered with several atomic layers of the host. The magnetization of the films is measured by means of the anomalous Hall effect. For V impurities on the surface of Na and K, a magnetic moment of 7 Bohr magnetons is observed. After coverage with the host, the V moment became $6.5{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ for the Na host. These results contradict the favored atomic model (predicting $\frac{3}{5}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$) and the resonance model. A polarization of the alkali host appears to be the only resolution.
Investigation of tropical Pacific upper-ocean variability using cyclostationary EOFs of assimilated data

Variability of the subsurface temperature, current, and heat content in the tropical Pacific Ocean has been extracted in association with the two dominant modes of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA): the low-frequency mode and the biennial mode. In a recent paper, these two modes were identified as the major modes of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The low-frequency mode, which explains about 36% of the total SSTA variability, represents the dominant component of SSTA variability in the tropical Pacific, and is associated not with a fast physical evolution but with a slow stochastic undulation. The biennial mode, which is the second dominant component and explains about 12% of the total variability exhibits, on the other hand, a strong physical evolution. The space–time patterns of the subsurface variability were derived from an assimilated data set via a cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (CSEOF) analysis and the regression of the resulting principal component (PC) time series on the target PC time series of the surface modes. Extracted space–time patterns describe the detailed evolution of the physical changes in the upper ocean of the tropical Pacific that are associated with the corresponding surface modes. Specifically, they clearly show the surface and subsurface connection of the physical changes during ENSO events, and the role of equatorial waves in the manifestation of physical changes at the surface. The derived patterns of heat content, subsurface temperature, and zonal current anomalies realistically depict the detailed temporal changes of those variables and are consistent with our understanding of the physics in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The biennial mode appears to depict faithfully the phase progression of El Nino and La Nina. The propagation of equatorial Kelvin waves along the thermocline is clearly visible during El Nino and La Nina events in the cyclostationary representation of the physical modes in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Although the low-frequency mode explains three times more SSTA variability than the biennial mode, the former does not induce strong equatorial wave activity. This observation is significant considering that both El Nino or La Nina are often viewed simply in terms of a significant SST change in the tropical Pacific. The results of the present study indicate: (1) that the two ENSO modes represent significantly different physical evolutions; (2) that the amount of SST warming or cooling does not dictate the physical evolution of ENSO; and (3) that the two modes play essentially different dynamical roles including the generation of equatorial waves.
P. aeruginosa infection increases morbidity in experimental cholesteatomas

Objectives Clinicians have long noted that infected cholesteatomas are more aggressive than uninfected ones without data to support these observations. The purpose of this study is to determine the etiological role of biofilm forming P. aeruginosa (PA) and the virulence factor, type IV pili, in the pathogenesis of experimental cholesteatomas.
Possibility of an excitonic ground state in quantum wells

The possibility of the formation of an excitonic insulator in semiconductors with an indirect gap smaller than the exciton binding energy has been considered in the past. The advent of quantum-well structures makes it feasible to consider indirect gaps in real space that can be conveniently tuned through the semiconductor-semimetal transition. We discuss various quantum-well configurations where a spontaneous condensation of excitons into a collective ground state may be possible.
Repetition blindness: the effects of stimulus modality and spatial displacement.

Repetition blindness (Kanwisher, 1986, 1987) is the failure to detect repetitions of words in lists presented in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Two questions were investigated in the present study. First, if repetition blindness is not found with auditory presentation, it would support a specifically visual account of the effect. Second, if displacement of the two instances in visual space eliminates repetition blindness, it would suggest that repetition blindness is restricted to instances in which identical stimuli are distinguished solely by temporal differences. In Experiment 1, the subjects omitted second occurrences of repeated words in verbatim recall of rapid sentences presented visually (in RSVP), but not auditorily (using compressed speech), indicating that repetition blindness is a modality-specific phenomenon. In Experiments 2 and 3, repetition blindness was observed even when two occurrences of a written word were presented in different locations, showing that distinct locations do not guarantee token individuation. The results are discussed within a model that distinguishes between processes of type recognition and token individuation.
Fear learning and extinction are linked to neuronal plasticity through Rin1 signaling

The amygdala is known to have a crucial role in both the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear, but the physiological changes and biochemical mechanisms underlying these forms of learning are only partly understood. The Ras effector Rin1 activates Abl tyrosine kinases and Rab5 GTPases and is highly expressed in mature neurons of the telencephalon including the amygdala, where it inhibits the acquisition of fear memories (Rin1 −/− mice show enhanced learning of conditioned fear). Here we report that Rin1 −/− mice exhibit profound deficits in both latent inhibition and fear extinction, suggesting a critical role for Rin1 in gating the acquisition and persistence of cue-dependent fear conditioning. Surprisingly, we also find that depotentiation, a proposed cellular mechanism of extinction, is enhanced at lateral-basolateral (LA-BLA) amygdaloid synapses in Rin1 −/− mice. Inhibition of a single Rin1 downstream effector pathway, the Abl tyrosine kinases, led to reduced amygdaloid depotentiation, arguing that proper coordination of Abl and Rab5 pathways is critical for Rin1-mediated effects on plasticity. While demonstrating a correlation between amygdala plasticity and fear learning, our findings argue against models proposing a direct causative relationship between amygdala depotentiation and fear extinction. Taken together, the behavior and physiology of Rin1 −/− mice provide new insights into the regulation of memory acquisition and maintenance. In addition, Rin1 −/− mice should prove useful as a model for pathologies marked by enhanced fear acquisition and retention, such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
Microstructural analysis and oxidation behavior of laser-processed Fe-Cr-AI-Y alloy coatings

Dense crack-free coatings of Fe-Cr-Al-Y quaternary alloy were produced on stainless steel 316L substrates using a continuous wave Nd-YAG solid-state laser coupled with a fiber optic beam delivery system. Experiments were performed at a laser power between 0.6 and 2.4 kW, process speed in the range 0.053 to 0.423 cm/s, powder feed rate fixed at 0.083 g/s, and focused multimode laser beam with a diameter of 0.5 cm. Various microanalysis techniques demonstrated that the coatings were metallurgically bonded to the substrate and possessed thicknesses between 0.35 and 4.64 mm, refined columnar microstructures with grain sizes of 15 to 150 µxm, increased concentration of key alloying elements, and appreciably high microhardness up to 409 kg/mm2. The laser-processed microstruc-tures comprised a body-centered cubic (bcc) ferrite(α phase) crystal structure with a relatively large lattice parameter compared to α-Fe due to the enhanced dissolution of varying amounts of Cr, Al, Ni, and Y, depending on the dilution from the substrate material. Oxidation tests conducted in air at temperatures of 1100 ° to 1200 ° for 95 hours revealed the formation of an approximately 5-µm-thick dense α-Al2O3 oxide scale of a rhombohedral (hexagonal) crystal structure. The α-Al2O3 scale exhibited remarkable high-temperature resistance and strong adherence to the coating surface. Extensive oxidation of the uncoated stainless steel substrate produced a porous and heavily spalled alloy oxide scale about 60-µm thick consisting of FeCr2O4 and NiCr2O4 with cubic and tetragonal crystal structures, respectively. The retention of the bcc α phase and the insignificant grain growth after oxidation are indicative of the thermal stability of the laser-processed coating microstructures. The obtained results demonstrate that Fe-Cr-Al-Y alloy coatings exhibiting fine-grained hard mi-crostructures, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and strong adherence to stainless steel can be developed by means of laser processing.
Potential description of elastic scattering of 28Si+16O between 45 and 63 MeV

Abstract Excellent fits to extensive elastic scattering data for 28 Si+ 16 O measured between 45 and 63 MeV were obtained with energy-dependent, surface-transparent optical potentials without explicitly resorting to a Regge-pole type analysis; S -matrix elements derived from the two analysis are completely different.
Impact of obesity on the risk of venous thromboembolism in an inpatient pediatric population.

Introduction: The incidence of venous thromboembolism in children has increased significantly over the past 20 years. Over the same period of time, there was an increase in the prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population. Obesity is a known risk factor for VTE in adults, but little information is available in children. Methods: This study evaluates the relation between obesity and VTE using a retrospective, case–control design, comparing the body mass index (BMI) of patients admitted with a diagnosis of VTE versus patients admitted with other diagnoses, at a single institution, between 2007 and 2011. Results: We studied 48 inpatients diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and a control group of 274 age and gender matched patients admitted with other diagnoses. We found obese patients (BMI > 95th percentile) to have significantly higher risk of VTE (odds ratio 2.1, with 95% CI 1.1–4.2) than patients of normal weight (BMI < 85th percentile). Overweight patients (BMI 85th–95th perc...
Cluster lensing of the CMB

Abstract We investigate what the lensing information contained in high resolution, low noise CMB temperature maps can teach us about cluster mass profiles. We create lensing fields and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect maps from N-body simulations and apply them to primary CMB anisotropies modeled as a Gaussian random field. We examine the success of several techniques of cluster mass reconstruction using CMB lensing information, and make an estimate of the observational requirements necessary to achieve a satisfactory result.
The Determinants of Individuals' Campaign Contributions To Congressional Campaigns

Using data obtained from the FEC, an exploratory empirical sketch of the determinants of individuals' contributions to congressional candidates for the 1980 and 1982 election cycles is constructed. There appear to be important differences between individual and institutional (PAC and party) campaign contributions. Individual contributions make up a much larger share of the challengers' finances than the incumbents' finances and because individual contributions require more time and effort to acquire, challengers face a cruel corollary to the incumbent advantage. Challengers have to work harder to receive less money. In addition, the data suggest individual contributors are not swayed by the race and sex of the candidate, which may not be true for institutional contributors. Finally, this work questions the validity of the classical assumption that challengers' fund-raising efforts are unaffected by the size of the incumbents' campaign chest.
Analysing biological pathways in genome-wide association studies

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have typically focused on the analysis of single markers, which often lacks the power to uncover the relatively small effect sizes conferred by most genetic variants. Recently, pathway-based approaches have been developed, which use prior biological knowledge on gene function to facilitate more powerful analysis of GWA study data sets. These approaches typically examine whether a group of related genes in the same functional pathway are jointly associated with a trait of interest. Here we review the development of pathway-based approaches for GWA studies, discuss their practical use and caveats, and suggest that pathway-based approaches may also be useful for future GWA studies with sequencing data.
Issues in developing a capacity for integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation

Abstract As policymakers and stakeholders increasingly consider relative merits and complementarities of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is important to improve analytical capacities to support this process. Because a single analytical approach is unlikely to fit all needs, this paper explores potentials for an integrated analytical framework that incorporates both top–down and bottom–up approaches.
P‐107: Printable Reflective Color Filter Arrays from Cholesteric Reactive Mesogen Nanoposts

We have fabricated reflective cholesteric reactive mesogen nanoposts for use as cholesteric reflectors. Varying the pitch of the cholesteric material in the posts allows the reflection wavelengths to be easily tuned for any wavelength. Arrays of these posts can easily be fabricated using printing techniques in order to quickly fabricate red, green, and blue reflectors. One potential display application for these materials is as reflective color filters.
"Burned out" testicular seminoma presenting as a primary gastric malignancy

In contrast to primary gastric adenocarcinomas, germ cell tumors are potentially curable even when metastatic. It is therefore essential for clinicians and pathologists to be aware of the spectrum of unusual manifestations of germ cell malignancies. Here we report on a 55-year-old man who presented with clinical and endoscopic features indicative of a primary gastric carcinoma. Surprisingly, the ulcerative mucosal lesion was found to be due to a metastasis from an occult, “burned-out” testicular seminoma. This case describes the radiological and pathological features that helped differentiate this rare situation from the much more common gastric adenocarcinoma, and extends the diagnostic possibilities that must be considered in patients presenting with gastric ulcers.
Effects of MDA, CS intensity, and UCS intensity on the rabbit’s conditioned nictitating membrane response

The first experiment in a previous series of investigations in which we were concerned with assessing the dose effects of (+)-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) on classical conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response revealed an enhancement of conditioning to a light conditioned stimulus (CS) and an impairment in conditioning to a tone CS. A second study revealed that MDA’s effects on conditioning could not be attributed to the drug’s effects on nonas-sociative contributors to response occurrence. Accordingly, in several subsequent investigations we sought to localize MDA’s conditioning effects in the organism’s processing of the CS. These studies revealed that MDA attenuated tone-CS intensity and the tone CS’s unconditioned excitatory properties. The final study in the series revealed that MDA enhanced the frequency of unconditioned response (UCRs) across a range of unconditioned stimulus (UCS) intensities. These simple effects of MDA on the processing of the CS and UCS/UCR would, on the basis of empirical and theoretical considerations, accoount for the drug’s effect on conditioning. As yet, however, an assessment of the possible interactive effects of MDA’s CS and UCS/UCR effects on conditioning has not been made. Accordingly, to provide one means for assessing whether or not MDA interacted with CS and UCS intensity, in the present study we employed a between-groups MDA dosage manipulation and within-group CS and UCS intensity manipulation. Consistent with theoretical expectations was a pattern of responding that yielded a robust MDA dosage × CS intensity × UCS intensity interaction.
"They Look Scared": Moving from Service Learning to Learning to Serve in Teacher Education--A Social Justice Perspective.

This article investigates three teacher learners’ service learning experiences, in order to explore the extent to which approaches to service learning can lead to legitimate learning outcomes tied to transformative teacher growth and situated in tenets of social justice. Using student interview data, the author posits that service learning fails as a social justice methodology for preparing teachers when it fails to interrupt biases in ways that transform teacher learners into learning servants. The findings suggest that in order to prepare educators to serve, more work needs to happen prior to sending teacher learners into the field, as some of the biases we wish to interrupt may be firmly in place before these new teachers enter the field. The article concludes by reframing service learning through the conceptual methodology of learning to serve.
Cultural adaptation in translational research: field experiences.

The incrasse in the incidence of HIV/AIDS among minorities in the United States and in certain developing nations has prompted new intervention priorities, stressing the adaptation of efficacious interventions for diverse and marginalized groups. The experiences of Florida International University’s AIDS Prevention Program in translating HIV primary and secondary prevention interventions among these multicultural populations provide insight into the process of cultural adaptations and address the new scientific emphasis on ecological validity. An iterative process involvcing forward and backward translation, a cultural linguistic committee, focus group discussions, documentation of project procedures, and consultations with other researchers in the field was used to modify interventions. This article presents strategies used to ensure fidelity in implementing the efficacious core components of evidencebased interventions for reducing HIV transmission and drug use behaviors and the challenges posed by making cultural adaptation for participants with low literacy. This experience demonstrates the importance of integrating culturally relevant material in the translation process with intense focus on language and nuance. The process must ensure that the level of intervention is appropriate for the educational level of participants. Furthermore, the rights of participants must be protected during consenting procedures by instituting policies that recognize the socioeconomic, educational, and systemic pressures to participate in research.
Applications of fractal analysis to food structure

Fractal analysis has been recently applied to the study of food structure. Fractal techniques can be particularly useful tools for characterizing food morphology because the highly irregular structures of many food materials elude precise quantification by conventional means. Measured fractal dimensions also have been related to product functionality, processing history, or storage conditions. This paper explains the principle of fractal analysis and reviews the application of different fractal analysis methods to images, surfaces and networks of food materials.
Combined Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts. Rhodium and Platinum Isocyanide Complexes Tethered on Silica-Supported Metal Heterogeneous Catalysts: Arene and Cyclohexanone Hydrogenation †

Rhodium and platinum isocyanide complexes RhCl(CO)[CN(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3]2 (Rh−CNR2), RhCl[CN(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3]3 (Rh−CNR3), and PtCl2[CN(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3]2 (Pt−CNR2) were tethered to the silica-supported metal heterogeneous catalysts M−SiO2 (M = Pd, Pt, Ru) to give the TCSM (tethered complex on supported metal) catalysts Rh−CNR2/Pd−SiO2, Rh−CNR3/M−SiO2 (M = Pd, Pt, Ru), and Pt−CNR2/Pd−SiO2. These TCSM catalysts were used to catalyze the hydrogenation of arenes (Rh−CNR2/Pd−SiO2 and Rh−CNR3/M−SiO2) and cyclohexanone (Pt−CNR2/Pd−SiO2) under the mild conditions of 40 °C and 1 atm. They exhibit activities that are higher than those of the separate homogeneous rhodium (or platinum) isocyanide complex, the separate silica-supported metal heterogeneous catalyst, or the rhodium (or platinum) complex catalyst tethered on just SiO2. The activities of the TCSM catalysts are strongly affected by the nature and loading of the supported metal in the catalyst. Among the three silica-supported metal M−SiO2 (M = Pd, Pt, Ru) cat...
Polyadenylic acid size and position found in Sindbis virus genome and mRNA species.

Abstract The polyadenylic acid (poly(A)) content of Sindbis virus genome and mRNA species was characterized with respect to size, location, and number of tracts per RNA molecule. The poly(A) tract was shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to be 30–40 nucleotides in length in all the major single-stranded Sindbis RNA species. Independent calculations of the length made from our determinations of the average content of poly(A) per RNA molecule yielded a size of 32 nucleotides ± 10%, assuming one tract of poly(A) per RNA molecule. End terminal analyses showed that the 3′-terminal nucleoside copurified with poly(A); it was adenosine; and it was present in an amount consistent with one 3′-terminal nucleoside per poly(A) tract of 30–40 nucleotides. Thus, the poly(A) in Sindbis virus RNA is a single tract, 30–40 nucleotides in length, comprising the 3′-terminus of each RNA molecule. This data is consistent with a model in which the 26 S RNA species is coincident with the 3′-one-third end of the 49 S RNA.
Beyond christendom : Protestant-Catholic distinctions in coming global Christianity

Abstract Using actual and projected population data from the World Christian Database, this article evaluates Philip Jenkins’ argument that the centre of global Christianity is moving from the Euro-American centre (the ‘global North’) to the developing world (the ‘global South’) by disaggregating the different outcomes of this shift for Protestants and Catholics. Over the next fifty years, Catholics will decline much less than Protestants in the North, and will be concentrated in Latin America, not Africa. With the decline of the Enlightenment nation-state, religious authority and identity will become more concentrated in Catholicism but will become more dispersed in Protestantism. This transition from national to global Christianity, I argue, will realign the post-Reformation achievement of balanced tension among three social realities—Protestantism, Catholicism and the nation-state—to produce not just another Christendom but a new, more complex articulation of civil and religious realities that will move beyond the old arrangement of Christendom altogether.
Vacuum defects without a vacuum

Topological defects can arise in symmetry breaking models where the scalar field potential $V(\ensuremath{\varphi})$ has no minima and is a monotonically decreasing function of |\ensuremath{\varphi}|. The properties of such vacuumless defects are quite different from those of the ``usual'' strings and monopoles. In some models such defects can serve as seeds for structure formation, or produce an appreciable density of mini-black holes.
The Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form as a predictor of federal parole/probation/supervised release outcome: A 3-year follow-up

Purpose. This study was conducted in an effort to predict the long-term outcome of federal parole, probation and supervised release clients with the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF). Methods. A sample of 52 federal parolees/probationers/supervised releasees, the entire caseload of a US federal probation officer, were scored on the LCSF and followed up for three years. Outcome measures included revocation, all violations (revocation and technical) and adjustment (revocation, technical violations, drug use, employment). Results. Analyses revealed that the LCSF successfully predicted revocations, technical violations and poor adjustment independent of age, race or gender. A cutting score of 10 correctly classified 69.2 per cent of the sample in terms of good or poor adjustment, 75.0 per cent of the sample on revocations leading to incarceration, and 73.1 per cent of the sample with respect to all violations (technical and criminal). Conclusions. These findings lend further credence to the practical utility of the LCSF as a predictor of future adjustment difficulties in federal parolees, probationers and supervised releasees.
Rapid differential rotation in intermediate mass stars

ZAMS models with internal differential rotation are computed for 6.5 M⊙ and 10 M⊙ models with the 2D evolution code ROTORC. Two applications of these models, their pulsational frequencies and deduced locations in the HR diagram, are discussed in order to show how the internal differential rotation could be investigated. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of seeding methods for visualization of the corticospinal tracts using single tensor tractography.

Abstract Objectives To compare five different seeding methods to delineate hand, foot, and lip components of the corticospinal tract (CST) using single tensor tractography. Methods We studied five healthy subjects and 10 brain tumor patients. For each subject, we used five different seeding methods, from (1) cerebral peduncle (CP), (2) posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), (3) white matter subjacent to functional MRI activations (fMRI), (4) whole brain and then selecting the fibers that pass through both fMRI and CP (WBF-CP), and (5) whole brain and then selecting the fibers that pass through both fMRI and PLIC (WBF-PLIC). Two blinded neuroradiologists rated delineations as anatomically successful or unsuccessful tractography. The proportions of successful trials from different methods were compared by Fisher's exact test. Results To delineate hand motor tract, seeding through fMRI activation areas was more effective than through CP (p 0.1). WBF-CP delineated hand motor tracts in a larger proportion of trials than CP alone (p Conclusions Whole brain seeding and then selecting the tracts that pass through two anatomically relevant ROIs can delineate more plausible hand and lip motor tracts than seeding from a single ROI. Foot motor tracts can be successfully delineated regardless of the seeding method used.
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia

We administered ketamine to schizophrenic individuals in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design using a range of subanesthetic doses (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg) to evaluate the nature, dose characteristics, time course, and neuroleptic modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist action on mental status in schizophrenia. Ketamine induced a dose-related, short (< 30 minutes) worsening in mental status in the haloperidol-treated condition, reflected by a significant increase in BPRS total score for the 0.3 mg/kg (p = .005) and 0.5 mg/kg (p = .01) challenges. Positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder), not negative symptoms accounted for these changes. These ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms were strikingly reminiscent of the subject's symptoms during active episodes of their illness. Results from six patients who were retested in the same design after being neuroleptic-free for 4 weeks failed to indicate that haloperidol blocks ketamine-induced psychosis. Several subjects evidenced delayed or prolonged (8-24 hours) psychotomimetic effects such as worsening of psychosis with visual hallucinations. These data suggest that antagonism of NMDA-sensitive glutamatergic transmission in brain exacerbates symptoms of schizophrenia.
Finite data-rate feedback stabilization of switched and hybrid linear systems

We study the problem of asymptotically stabilizing a switched linear control system using sampled and quantized measurements of its state. The switching is assumed to be slow enough in the sense of combined dwell time and average dwell time, each individual mode is assumed to be stabilizable, and the available data rate is assumed to be large enough but finite. Our encoding and control strategy is rooted in the one proposed in our earlier work on non-switched systems, and in particular the data-rate bound used here is the data-rate bound from that earlier work maximized over the individual modes. The main technical step that enables the extension to switched systems concerns propagating over-approximations of reachable sets through sampling intervals, during which the switching signal is not known; a novel algorithm is developed for this purpose. Our primary focus is on systems with time-dependent switching (switched systems) but the setting of state-dependent switching (hybrid systems) is also discussed.
Histopathology associated with pyridoxine deficiency in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Abstract Fingerling Atlantic salmon ( Salmo solar ) fed a production diet deficient in pyridoxine showed several significant effects: increased mortality; behavioral changes; degenerative changes in kidneys, ovaries, and liver; a paucity of thyroid colloid; and hyperplasia of renal hematopoietic tissue. Changes in nerve tissue were equivocal.
Posthemorrhagic Anemia in the Newborn

Anemia in the newborn infant may result from many pathophysiologic processes. Because of the complex interrelations involving both mother and fetus, there is a broader list of causes of anemia in the neonatal period than is found at any other time of life. Anemia may be a consequence of three fundamental mechanisms: (1) loss of RBCs (hemorrhage); (2) rapid destruction of RBCs (hemolysis); or (3) underproduction of RBCs. The purpose of this review is to describe the mechanisms, clinical and laboratory features, and management of posthemorrhagic anemia in the newborn.1,2 Hemolytic and aregenerative anemias will be mentioned only briefly as differential diagnostic considerations. CLASSIFICATION OF PERINATAL HEMORRHAGE Although perinatal hemorrhage may occur in many ways, its causes can be conveniently divided into two general groups (Table 1). First: external hemorrhage, usually from the umbilical cord or placenta, in which an external bleeding site is obvious. Second: occult hemorrhage into closed compartments. In these cases bleeding is usually suspected because of clinical signs of blood loss such as pallor and shock. EXTERNAL PERINATAL HEMORRHAGE During uncontrolled or "precipitous" deliveries, a normal umbilical cord may rupture close to its attachment to the fetus. Rupture may also occur when the cord is abnormally short or excessively stretched by wrapping around the fetal neck or body.
Tilted planes in 3D image analysis

Reliable 3D wholebody scanners which output digitized 3D images of a complete human body are now commercially available. This paper describes a software package, called 3DM, being developed by researchers at Clemson University and which manipulates and extracts measurements from such images. The focus of this paper is on tilted planes, a 3DM tool which allows a user to define a plane through a scanned image, tilt it in any direction, and effectively define three disjoint regions on the image: the points on the plane and the points on either side of the plane. With tilted planes, the user can accurately take measurements required in applications such as apparel manufacturing. The user can manually segment the body rather precisely. Tilted planes assist the user in analyzing the form of the body and classifying the body in terms of body shape. Finally, titled planes allow the user to eliminate extraneous and unwanted points often generated by a 3D scanner. This paper describes the user interface for tilted planes, the equations defining the plane as the user moves it through the scanned image, an overview of the algorithms, and the interaction of the tilted plane feature with other tools in 3DM.
The Discovery of Hyperkinesis: Notes on the Medicalization of Deviant Behavior

The increasing medicalization of deviant behavior and social control is seen in the way hyperkinesis, a medical label for certain deviant behaviors in children, has become prevalent in recent years. First, this paper presents a brief history of the diagnosis and treatment of hyperkinesis; social and clinical factors involved with this medicalization are discussed. The social control mechanism (stimulant drug treatment) was available twenty years before the medical label was described. We speculate on whether available social control leads to new medical labels. The process of medicalization, often seen as humanitarian reform, has another side. The second section of the paper will consider: (1) the problem of expert control; (2) medical social control; (3) the individualization of social problems; and (4) the depoliticization of deviant behavior. Ramifications for the study of the sociology of deviance are presented.
Simple predator-prey swarming model.

This paper describes an individual-based model for simulating the swarming behavior of prey in the presence of predators. Predators and prey are represented as agents that interact through radial force laws. The prey form swarms through attractive and repulsive forces. The predators interact with the prey through an antiNewtonian force, which is a nonconservative force that acts in the same direction for both agents. Several options for forces between predators are explored. The resulting equations are solved numerically and the dynamics are described in the context of the swarm’s ability to realistically avoid the predators. The goal is to reproduce swarm behavior that has been observed in nature with the simplest possible model.
Mechanism of Molecular-Scale Drug Entrapment Using Colloidal Polymeric Latices

AbstractThe mechanism of a molecular-scale entrapment of cationic drug by negatively charged latices was investigated using the measurement of zeta potential as a physical/analytical tool. It was found that as the amount of the drug was increased the zeta potential of latex particles decreased. The simultaneous presence of a dicarboxylic acid with the drug increased the zeta potential. Entrapment products were prepared using diluted latices, a cationic drug (Chlorpromazine hydrochloride), and an entrapment facilitator (succinic acid). The dissolution of the drug from the products was found to be first order in all cases. The data showed that (a) the smaller the particle size the faster the release rate, (b) the order of combination (latex to drug or vice versa) did not affect the release rate, and (c) the use of entrapment facilitator (a dicarboxylic acid), did not change the release rate but increased the amount of drug entrapped. The agreement of the first order dissolution and the first order desorptio...
Neural Substrates of Interactive Musical Improvisation: An fMRI Study of ‘Trading Fours’ in Jazz

Interactive generative musical performance provides a suitable model for communication because, like natural linguistic discourse, it involves an exchange of ideas that is unpredictable, collaborative, and emergent. Here we show that interactive improvisation between two musicians is characterized by activation of perisylvian language areas linked to processing of syntactic elements in music, including inferior frontal gyrus and posterior superior temporal gyrus, and deactivation of angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, brain structures directly implicated in semantic processing of language. These findings support the hypothesis that musical discourse engages language areas of the brain specialized for processing of syntax but in a manner that is not contingent upon semantic processing. Therefore, we argue that neural regions for syntactic processing are not domain-specific for language but instead may be domain-general for communication.
Identification of a novel cellular cofactor for the Rev/Rex class of retroviral regulatory proteins

HIV-1 Rev is the prototype of a class of retroviral regulatory proteins that induce the sequence-specific nuclear export of target RNAs. This function requires the Rev activation domain, which is believed to bind an essential cellular cofactor. We report the identification of a novel human gene product that binds to not only the HIV-1 Rev activation domain in vitro and in vivo but also to functionally equivalent domains in other Rev and Rex proteins. The Rev/Rex activation domain-binding (Rab) protein occupies a binding site on HIV-1 Rev that precisely matches that predicted by genetic analysis. Rab binds the Rev activation domain when Rev is assembled onto its RNA target and can significantly enhance Rev activity when overexpressed. We conclude that Rab is the predicted activation domain-specific cofactor for the Rev/Rex class of RNA export factors.
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as a potential sentinel for human Lyme disease in Indiana.

Summary We assessed the potential of white-tailed deer (WTD) (Odocoileus virginianus) to be a sentinel for human cases of Lyme disease (LD) in Indiana using location data from a 3-year survey of approximately 3400 hunted deer with associated tick Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) data. Data on human LD cases at the county level were obtained from the Indiana Department of Health. All data were assigned to county centroids to match the resolution of the LD data before creating optimized trend surfaces for LD incidence, hunted deer count, Ixodes scapularis and Bb prevalence. To determine whether LD was spatially associated with the areas of high densities of deer, deer with Ixodes scapularis and deer with ticks infected with Bb, we used spatial analysis with distance indices (SADIE). The SADIE analysis found significant spatial association between LD and the distribution of three organismal predictor variables, that is, WTD, Ixodes ticks and Bb. Lyme disease incident rate varied between 0.08 cases per 10 000 habitants (Johnson county) and 5.9 cases per 10 000 habitants (Warren county). In conclusion, WTD can be used as an accurate and cost-effective sentinel for human LD. This method will permit public health workers to identify potentially endemic areas independently of human case reports.
PROPERDIN FACTOR D: CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS ACTIVE SITE AND ISOLATION OF THE PRECURSOR FORM

The activity of properdin factor D was measured by the generation of the hemolytically active cellular intermediate, EAC43B(D), bearing the C3b-dependent alternate pathway C3 convertase. Treatment of factor D with DFP prevented formation of EAC43B(D); thus, a serine esterase is essential for the generation of the alternate pathway C3 convertase, a situation analogous to the role of C1 in the formation of the classical C3 convertase, C42. The definition of factor D as a serine esterase prompted a search for its proenzyme form, and resulted in the chromatographic isolation from plasma of a single peak of trypsin-inducible factor D activity, distinct from activated factor D. Analytical gel filtration indicated an apparent mol wt of 25,000. This protein from which trypsin elaborated factor D activity, as assessed by the formation of EAC43B(D), the generation of the CoVF-dependent C3 convertase, and the cleavage of factor B in the presence of C3b, was designated "precursor factor D." The DFP resistance of precursor factor D, and the susceptibility of its trypsin-activated form to inactivation by DFP is analogous to the behavior of other plasma serine esterases, including C1.