cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomic variability and outcome in prenatally diagnosed absent pulmonary valve syndrome.

Background We sought to describe current outcomes and risk factors for mortality for fetuses diagnosed with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APV). Fetuses with APV were divided into two cohorts, those with underlying tetralogy of Fallot (TOF/APV) and those without underlying TOF and either an intact ventricular septum or small ventricular septal defect (APV/IVS). Methods The fetal echocardiographic database was reviewed from January 1, 2001, until June 1, 2010, and all subjects with a diagnosis of APV were included. Multiple clinical and fetal echocardiographic measurements were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by χ 2 analysis and t tests. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Significant relationships between variables were explored by regression analysis. Significance was set at p = 0.05. Results The cohort consisted of 15 fetuses with TOF/APV and 6 fetuses with APV/IVS. There were no fetal demises in either cohort. Survival to birth was 71% in the TOF/APV cohort and 83% in the APV/IVS cohort ( p = 0.62). Of subjects born alive, survival was 80% for both cohorts ( p = 0.95). However, in the APV/IVS cohort, transplantation-free survival was only 20%. Underlying single-ventricle physiology strongly predicted those who underwent heart transplantation ( p = 0.003, R 2 = 0.50). For the entire APV cohort, left ventricular dysfunction ( p = 0.005, R 2 = 0.41) and a higher pulmonary artery valve–to–aortic valve ratio ( p = 0.02, R 2 = 0.34) predicted mortality. Conclusions Postnatal outcomes continue to improve for fetuses with APV syndrome. Left ventricular dysfunction and higher pulmonary artery valve–to–aortic valve ratio accurately predict postnatal mortality for fetuses with APV.
The U.S. Environmental Policy Experience: A Critique with Suggestions for the European Community

This paper recites much of the history of U.S. environmental policy, covering air quality, water quality, hazardous wastes, monitoring and enforcement, integration of environmental considerations into general economic planning, and the issue of federal-state relations. Policies are criticized in terms of excessive cost and lack of effective enforcement, but successful and innovative practices also are identified, especially the use of tradable discharge permits and productive state-federal relationships. Suggestions for European Community policy formulation are made.
Language and Identity in Belarus

This research analyzes self-reported native language and mother tongue data from Belarusian university-age students and discusses the role of language in shaping individual and collective identity. Participants’ gender, language of questionnaire, and region of residence also serve as important variables in understanding identity formation in contemporary Belarus. Mother tongue and native language data analyzed in this article differ significantly, thus suggesting a separation of roles – a symbolic role performed by one’s native language (родной язык), whereas a functional role performed by one’s base language, or mother tongue. “To those who have never undergone forced cultural assimilation, the issue may seem trivial. What difference does it make what language is spoken or what it is called? To those who have had their use of language restricted, however, the matter goes beyond mere defiance. Language is the medium of the culture on which their daily lives and identities are based. To define what language can be spoken is to define the identity of not only the individual but also the country.” – Helen Fedor (1995)
Entropy of liquid metals

An extensive analysis of the entropy is reported for 22 nearly free electron metals. The pair correlation entropy is computed from measured pair correlation functions, and the magnitude and temperature dependence of this entropy contribution shows approximately universal behaviour for most liquid metals. The higher order correlation entropy is zero for the simple metals, but is non-zero for several complex liquid metals, including Hg, Ga and Sn. The results are interpreted in terms of the motion of ions in a liquid, in which each ion is approximately trapped in the potential well of its neighbours, and where the presence of higher-order correlation entropy implies the existence of an n-ion interaction, for n $\geq $ 3.
Spaces of conflict, sounds of solidarity: music, race, and spatial entitlement in Los Angeles, by Gaye Theresa Johnson

In Spaces of Conflict, Sounds of Solidarity, Gaye Theresa Johnson combines theoretical insights from urban geography, ethnomusicology, cultural studies, and critical race and ethnic studies with ex...
Endpoint comparison for bone mineral density measurements in North Central Cancer Treatment Group cancer clinical trials N02C1 and N03CC (Alliance)

Summary Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement can vary depending upon anatomical site, machine, and normative values used. This analysis compared different BMD endpoints in two clinical trials. Trial results differed across endpoints. Future clinical trials should consider inclusion of multiple endpoints in sensitivity analysis to ensure sound overall study conclusions.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Rotor/Blade/Casing Rub Interactions

This paper considers the transient analysis of rub problems in high-speed rotating equipment that involve interactions between the rotor, blades, and casing. Special emphasis is given to ascertaining the participation characteristics of turbine/impeller blades during the overall rub event. To generalize the scope of the work, single and multiple blade rub events are considered including the effect of such system parameters as imbalance magnitude, blade/rotor stiffness, system damping, and rub interface friction characteristics.
Shock stability analysis for Parabolized Navier-Stokes equations

Parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) techniques have been receiving increasing attention as an effective method for treating two and three dimensional high-speed gas flows. Since the method involves marching in a ''time like'' coordinate the problem size on each marching section is of low dimension and hence large-scale nonlinear flows can be treated in practical studies. However, there are several unresolved computational issues related to the accuracy and stability of the solution marching scheme. In particular, the solution procedure has been observed to be very sensitive to the particular flow conditions and associated ''evolving'' shock profile. In this study we investigate the determination and the stability of the shock shape as well as related issues concerning the flow solution stability. The numerical method is based on a finite difference approximation of the PNS equations with mapping to a computational domain.
New additions to the Honduran fauna of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) with the description of two species.

Two new species of pepsine spider wasps, Calopompilus setaerotundus Waichert & Pitts, sp. nov. and Priocnemis (Umbripennis) wasbaueri Waichert & Pitts, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Calopompilus Ashmead, Priocnemis Schiodte and sixteen additional species are newly reported from Honduras. A new combination is proposed for Ageniella fragilis (Fox), comb. nov., which is transferred from Agenia Schiodte.
Numerical analysis of variable-fluid-property effects on the convective heat and mass transfer of fuel droplets

Computer simulations of the heat and mass transfer processes and dynamics of an advecting vaporizing droplet are carried out for two liquid fuels, i.e., n-hexane and n-octane, of different molecular weights and volatilities. The initial free-stream Reynolds number is Re[sub 0] =100, the droplet temperature is T[sub 0][sup *] =300 K, and the ambient characterized by T[sub [infinity]][sup *] =800 K and p[sub [infinity]][sup *] =10 atm. the focus of this study is on the fluid property variations and their effects on interfacial quantities and ultimately on integral parameters such as [bar [Nu]][sub g], [bar S][bar h][sub g] and C[sub D] of different fuel droplets. Two-phase flow aspects of this work may be found elsewhere.
Reducing Juvenile Recidivism With Cognitive Training and a Cell Phone Follow-Up An Evaluation of the RealVictory Program

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of a cognitive training and cell phone intervention on the recidivism of 70 juvenile offenders. Median days to rearrest were 106 for the control group, 191 for the class-only group, and 278 for the class plus cell phone group. Using rearrest as the survival criterion, the survival ratios of the class-only and class plus cell phone groups were 2.64 and 2.94 times longer than the control group, respectively. After controlling for gender, prior arrests, and risk score, the Poisson regression indicated that the class-only and class plus cell phone groups were 51% lower in total arrests than the control group. These results suggest that cognitive training supplemented with a cell phone coach is an effective and cost-efficient intervention for reducing recidivism.
Identification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause acute gastroenteritis in humans that may be complicated by life-threatening systemic sequelae. The predominant EHEC serotype affecting humans in the UK and North America is O157 : H7 and infections are frequently associated with contact with ruminant faeces. Strategies to reduce the carriage of EHEC in ruminants are expected to lower the incidence of human EHEC infections; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying persistence of EHEC in ruminants are poorly understood. This paper reports the first comprehensive survey for EHEC factors mediating colonization of the bovine intestines by using signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis. Seventy-nine E. coli O157 : H7 mutants impaired in their ability to colonize calves were isolated and 59 different genes required for intestinal colonization were identified by cloning and sequencing of the transposon insertion sites. Thirteen transposon insertions were clustered in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes a type III protein secretion system required for the formation of attaching and effacing lesions on intestinal epithelia. A putative structural component of the apparatus (EscN) is essential for intestinal colonization; however, the type III secreted effector protein Map plays only a minor role. Other Type III secretion-associated genes were implicated in colonization of calves by E. coli O157 : H7, including z0990 (ecs0850), which encodes the non-LEE-encoded type III secreted effector NleD and the closely related z3023 (ecs2672) and z3026 (ecs2674) genes which encode homologues of Shigella IpaH proteins. We also identified a novel fimbrial locus required for intestinal colonization in calves by E. coli O157 : H7 (z2199-z2206; ecs2114-ecs2107/locus 8) and demonstrated that a mutant harbouring a deletion of the putative major fimbrial subunit gene is rapidly out-competed by the parent strain in co-infection studies. Our data provide valuable new information for the development of intervention strategies.
Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California

article i nfo Storage Flume Aggradation Degradation At the reach scale, a channel adjusts to sediment supply and flow through mutual interactions among channel form, bed particle size, and flow dynamics that govern river bed mobility. Sediment can impair the beneficial uses of a river, but the timescales for studying recovery following high sediment loading in the field setting make flume experiments appealing. We use a flume experiment, coupled with field measurements in a gravel- bed river, to explore sediment transport, storage, and mobility relations under various sediment supply conditions. Our flume experiment modeled adjustments of channel morphology, slope, and armoring in a gravel-bed channel. Under moderate sediment increases, channel bed elevation increased and sediment output increased, but channel planform remained similar to pre-feed conditions. During the following degradational cycle, most of the excess sediment was evacuated from the flume and the bed became armored. Under high sediment feed, channel bed elevation increased, the bed became smoother, mid-channel bars and bedload sheets formed, and water surface slope increased. Concurrently, output increased and became more poorly sorted. During the last degradational cycle, the channel became armored and channel incision ceased before all excess sediment was removed. Selective transport of finer material was evident throughout the aggradational cycles and became more pronounced during degradational cycles as the bed became armored. Our flume results of changes in bed elevation, sediment storage, channel morphology, and bed texture parallel those from field surveys of Redwood Creek, northern California, which has exhibited channel bed degradation for 30 years following a large aggradation event in the 1970s. The flume experiment suggested that channel recovery in terms of reestablishing a specific morphology may not occur, but the channel may return to a state of balancing sediment supply and transport capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Do Changes in Job Mobility Explain the Growth of Wage Inequality among Men in the United States, 1977–2005?

To what extent did the increase in wage inequality among men in the United States over the past three decades result from job loss and/or employment instability? We propose a simple method for decomposing the change in wage inequality into components due to upward and downward between-employer mobility and within-employer wage changes using data on men's wages and job mobility from the 1977-2005 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We find that downward employer mobility—a proxy for job displacement based on movement to a lower paid job with a new employer—has the largest effect on inequality over a two-year period. However, the effect of job displacement declines with time. We find that the effect of job loss accounts for 39 percent of the increase in wage inequality during the average eight-year period from 1977 through 2005, compared to 52 percent that is attributable to wage changes for workers who stay with the same employer.
Kinesin-73 Is a Processive Motor That Localizes to Rab5-containing Organelles

Drosophila Kinesin-73 (Khc-73), which plays a role in mitotic spindle polarity in neuroblasts, is a metazoan-specific member of the Kinesin-3 family of motors, which includes mammalian KIF1A and Caenorhabditis elegans Unc-104. The mechanism of Kinesin-3 motors has been controversial because some studies have reported that they transport cargo as monomers whereas other studies have suggested a dimer mechanism. Here, we have performed single-molecule motility and cell biological studies of Khc-73. We find that constructs containing the motor and the conserved short stretches of putative coiled-coil-forming regions are predominantly monomeric in vitro, but that dimerization allows for fast, processive movement and high force production (7 piconewtons). In Drosophila cell lines, we present evidence that Khc-73 can dimerize in vivo. We also show that Khc-73 is recruited specifically to Rab5-containing endosomes through its "tail" domain. Our results suggest that the N-terminal half of Khc-73 can undergo a monomer-dimer transition to produce a fast processive motor and that its C-terminal half possesses a specific Rab5-vesicle binding domain.
Conformance monitoring approaches in current and future air traffic control environments

Conformance monitoring is of fundamental importance to ATC operations and future surveillance environments may enable more sophisticated procedures to be developed for this task. A Conformance Monitoring Analysis Framework has been presented which enables model-based fault detection and isolation techniques to be employed to investigate many important issues. The essential concepts of Conformance Residual generation; decision-making and intent inferencing have been identified and a lateral trajectory case study using a very simple Conformance Monitoring Model has been used to illustrate the promise of this approach for investigating different state environments. Preliminary results indicate potential improved time-to-detection performance associated with using relevant higher order states in addition to position, but this is at the expense of greater noise in the Conformance Residual.
Some Effects of Meprobamate on Human Learning

(1959). Some Effects of Meprobamate on Human Learning. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 81-86.
Rapid Modeling: How It Assists Manufacturing Competitiveness

The Rapid Modeling Technique (RMT) allows manufacturing analysts to quickly build new models for various manufacturing scenarios, as well as to rapidly explore a large number of "what-ifs" for each scenario. A set of integrated tools further extends RMT to allow the efficient investigation of decisions in virtually all stages of the design and operation of manufacturing systems. The use of these tools leads to cost-effective and timely analysis of manufacturing decisions, and hence to greater productivity and competitive position of the manufacturing enterprise. We present a set of five compatible tools for rapid modeling and analysis of manufacturing systems. Spreadsheets form the basic tool for simple calculations. RMT tools allow the user to study the dynamics of manufacturing systems using efficient mathematics: whole models can be built in hours and each "what-if" is analyzed in minutes. Translators allow almost instantaneous conversion of the analytical model into simulation code. Simulation Languages provide very detailed modeling abilities. Finally, Animation gives analysts the ability to present their results to co-workers and management in a convincing manner. We describe instances of these tools as well as the way in which they are integrated to form a compatible toolkit.
The influence of stage-dependent dispersal on the population dynamics of three amphipod species

In metapopulations, the maintenance of local populations can depend on source-sink dynamics, where populations with positive growth rate seed populations with negative growth rate. The pattern and probability of successful dispersal among habitats can therefore be crucial in determining whether local populations will become rare or increase in abundance. We present here data on the dispersal strategy and population dynamics of three marine amphipods living in pen shells (Atrina rigida) in the Gulf of Mexico. The three amphipod species in this study disperse at different life stages. Neomegamphopus hiatus and Melita nitida disperse as adults, while Bemlos unicornis disperses as juveniles. The two species that disperse as adults have the highest initial population sizes when a new shell becomes available, likely caused by the arriving females releasing their brood into these recently occupied shells. This dispersal pattern results in initially higher population growth, but fewer occupied shells, as noted by their clumped distribution. In contrast, the species that disperses as juveniles accumulates more slowly and more evenly across habitats, eventually dominating the other two in terms of numerical abundance. The metapopulation dynamics of the three species seems to be highly dependent on the life history stage involved in dispersal.
Orbital-Specific Energy Transfer

The synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of a new family of trinuclear CuRe2 chromophore-quencher complexes having the general form [Cu(pyacac)2(Re(bpy′)(CO)3)2](OTf)2 (where pyacac = 3-(4-pyridyl)-acetylacetonate and bpy′ = 4,4′-5,5′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (tmb, 1), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dmb, 2), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy, 3), 4,4′-dichloro-2,2′-bipyridine (dclb, 4), and 4,4′-diethylester-2,2′-bipyridine (deeb, 5)) are reported. Time-resolved emission data acquired in room-temperature CH2Cl2 solutions revealed excited-state lifetimes of 14.9 ± 0.7, 8.1 ± 0.4, 8.2 ± 0.4, 5.6 ± 0.3, and 5.0 ± 0.3 ns for complexes 1−5, respectively. The emission in each case is assigned to decay of the ReI-based 3MLCT excited state; the lifetimes are all significantly less than the corresponding BeRe2 model complexes, which were also prepared and characterized. Electron transfer was found to be significantly endothermic for all five CuRe2 complexes: this fact, coupled with the ca. 10 A donor−acceptor ...
A 2-Mb critical region implicated in the microcephaly associated with terminal 1q deletion syndrome

Patients with distal deletions of chromosome 1q have a recognizable syndrome that includes microcephaly, hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum, and psychomotor retardation. Although these symptoms have been attributed to deletions of 1q42-1q44, the minimal chromosomal region involved has not been identified. Using microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we have mapped the deleted regions in seven patients with terminal deletions of chromosome 1q to define a 2.0-Mb microcephaly critical region including the 1q43-1q44 boundary and no more than 11 genes. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Hafnium Content, Cold Work, and Heat Treatment on the R-Phase Transformation of Niti Based Shape Memory Alloys

The R -phase transformation of a Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) and two ternary SMAs having the compositions Ni 49 Ti 51-X Hf x with lat% and 3at% Hf, has been investigated. The influence of cold work (CW) and heat treatment (HT) on the R -phase transformation is analyzed thermally using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Results show that the R -phase transformation depends on the SMA composition as well as the CW and HT conditions in a complex manner. For example, the formation of R -phase upon cooling from austenite ( A ) is increasingly suppressed with the substitution of Hf for Ti. For the ternary SMA with 3at% Hf, the A→R and R→A transformations are observed only at relatively large amounts of CW (above approximately 40%) and at a high HT temperature (450°C). DSC results also show that for the Ti-rich NiTi and the ternary SMA containing lat% Hf, the A→R and R→A transformation temperatures (TTs) are insensitive to cold work at a HT temperature of 450°C. However, at a lower HT temperature of 350°C, the TTs are found to decrease with increasing CW. For a given CW, the A→R and R→A transformations decrease with decreasing HT temperature and the effect is greatest at high CW (>50%) conditions. An effort is made to identify the factors responsible for the observed behavior in the R -phase transformation.
Effect of Secondary Flow On Sediment Transport

Secondary flow generated in the vicinity of a corner formed by the intersection of the bed and side wall of a noncircular channel affects the behavior of suspended sediments. To show the effect of secondary currents, a comparison is made between experimental and calculated sediment distribution. When plotted graphically, the sediment distributions showed that the measured isopleths of sediment and those calculated with the equation considering secondary flow are parallel and are all slightly concave upward. Isopleths calculated with the equation that does not consider secondary flow have a concave upward pattern. This research only carries the investigation far enough to show the definite effect of secondary flow on sediment transport, and to show the feasibility of employing a semi-empirical method in the study of sediment transport under influence of secondary currents.
Hydrogen peroxide removal with magnetically responsive Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a promising chemical sanitizer for use in the food industry. Its residues have to be decomposed, usually using an enzyme process employing catalase. In order to offer an inexpensive biocatalyst and to simplify subsequent manipulation, we have prepared magnetically responsive alginate beads containing entrapped Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and magnetite microparticles. Larger beads (2-3 mm in diameter) were prepared by dropping the mixture into calcium chloride solution, while microbeads (the diameter of majority of particles ranged between 50 and 100 µm) were prepared using the water in oil emulsification process. In general, microbeads enabled more efficient HP decomposition. The prepared microparticulate biocatalyst caused efficient decomposition of HP in water solutions (up to 2% concentration), leaving very low residual HP concentration after treatment (below 0.001% under appropriate conditions). The biocatalyst was stable; the same catalytic activity was observed after one month storage at 4 °C, and the microbeads could be used at least five times.
An Improved Cytomegalovirus Immunostaining Method

We describe a sensitive cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunostaining method in which casein, bovine serum albumin, and normal goat serum are used to block nonspecific sites, and acid-ethanol and levamisole are used to inactivate or inhibit endogenous alkaline phosphatase. We developed this technique while examining sections of intestine for detection of CMV infection. Using methods to eliminate background and nonspecific staining facilitates more reliable and interpretable cytomegalovirus immunostaining.
Electrically-Induced Strains in Sn-Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate

Incommensuate antiferroelectric tin-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics, PbNb0.02[(Zr1-x,Snx)1.yTiy]0.98O3, have been studied by Sawyer-Tower polarization and electrically-induced strain (e-E) techniques. Sawyer-Tower polarization studies revealed antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) P-E loops. Investigations then revealed that the electrically-induced strain associated with the AFE-FE transformation was not realized until field strengths significantly above that required for polarization saturation. It is believed that the electrically-induced strain is decoupled from the polarization due to AFE-FE switching by the modulation of the phase of a incommensurate structure. At field strengths above saturation, the commensurate rhombohedral ferroelectric state is believed to be induced from an incommensurate orthorhombic ferroelectric, and the electrically-induced strain is then realized.
A parametric study on the effect of Gurney flaps on single and multielement airfoils, three-dimensional wings, and reflection plane model

The effect of Gurney flaps on twodimensional airfoils, three-dimensional wings, and reflection plane model was investigated. There have been a number of studies on Gurney flaps in recent years. However, these studies have been limited to two-dimensional airfoil sections. A comprehensive investigation on the effect of Gurney flaps for a wide range of configurations and test conditions was conducted at Wichita State University. A symmetric NACA 0011 and a cambered GA(W)-2 airfoils were used during the single element airfoil part of this investigation. The GA(W)-2 airfoil was also used during the two-element airfoil study with its 25% chord slotted flap deflected at 10, 20, and 30 degrees. Straight and tapered reflection plane wings with Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) airfoil sections were tested for the three-dimensional wing part of this investigation. A fuselage and engine were attached to the tapered NLF wing for the reflection plane model investigation. Compared to the baseline clean configuration, the Gurney flap improved the maximum lift coefficient. However, there was a drag penalty associated with this lift increase. c Cd Q cm Nomenclature Chord length Drag coefficient Lift coefficient Pitching moment coefficient, quarter or half chord as indicated Freestream dynamic pressure, Uw Freestream velocity x,y,z Streamwise, spanwise, normal directions a Angle of attack d Flap deflection p Freestream density Introduction The Gurney flap is a short flat plate attached to the trailing edge perpendicular to the chordline on the pressure side of the airfoil. Race car driver Dan Gurney used this flap to increase the down force and thus the traction generated by the inverted wings on his race cars. Field tests by Gurney found that the flap increased the lift (i.e., traction) while the drag was slightly decreased. Increasing the Gurney flap height beyond 2% of chord continued to Increase the lift, but at the cost of substantially increased drag. Numerous wind tunnel tests on Gurney flaps have been conducted on both single and multi-element airfoils (see Giguere et afi for an extensive list). Liebeck found that the lift was increased when a Gurney flap was attached onto a Newman airfoil. Tuft flow visualization during the experiment indicated a downward turning of the flow behind the Gurney flap. Dye flow visualization on a NACA 0012 airfoil by Neuhart and Pendergraft also showed a downward turning of the flow behind the Gurney flap. Airfoil pressure distribution measurements were taken by Robert McGhee on an advanced technology airfoil. He found that the Gurney flap produced an overall decrease in pressure on the upper surface and an overall increase in 'Assistant Professor, Senior Member AIAA. 1 Associate Professor, Member AIAA. ^Graduate Assistant, Student Member AIAA. Copyright ® 1997 by Roy Myose, Michael Papadakis, and Ismael Heron. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. Published by the
The Application of RAPD in Homologous Analysis of Different Salmonella enteritis Isolates

Objective To study molecular characteristics of Samonella enteritis isolated from three outbreaks of food-borne diseases and from stool samples of workers during physical examination on occupational population in 2004 in Guangzhou city and to provide an effective means of tracking the epidemic origin and of controlling the outbreak. Methods Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) was adopted to conduct molecular typing of 38 strains of S. enteritis isolates. SPSS software was used to construct the dendrogram and analyze DNA polymorphism of these isolates. Result All S. enteritis isolates could be classified into three groups by RAPD, belonging to three different clones. Conclusion RAPD method can be applied to perform epidemiological investigation and epidemiological source tracing.
QoE Analysis of a Large-Scale Live Video Streaming Event

Streaming video has received a lot of attention from industry and academia. In this work, we study the characteristics and challenges associated with large-scale live video delivery. Using logs from a commercial Content Delivery Network (CDN), we study live video delivery for a major entertainment event that was streamed by hundreds of thousands of viewers in North America. We analyze Quality-of-Experience (QoE) for the event and note that a significant number of users suffer QoE impairments. As a consequence of QoE impairments, these users exhibit lower engagement metrics.
Risk Management of Sport Facilities

Abstract Persons who engage in activities involving personal risk have increasingly greater expectations concerning their safety and are litigating in increasing numbers. Sport is inherently risky for the participants, officials, and even spectators. However, not all of the injuries that occur as a result of engaging in these inherently risky activities are inevitable. Many of the inherent risks of sport activities are preventable, and risks can be controlled by managers of sport facilities. Unfortunately, one cannot prevent the initiation of lawsuits, but one can prevent litigation losses. This article discusses some of the practical aspects of risk management of sport facilities in colleges and universities.
Media and Leader Effects

The analyses in Chapters 2 and 3 have suggested two clear conclusions. The first is that the mass media, specifically newspapers and television, have sharply increased the attention they pay to the Conservative and Labour party leaders in the course of their coverage of recent election campaigns as compared to previous ones. The second is that at the same time that the party leaders have become more prominent in the media, they have come to enjoy a stronger influence on the choice of party that voters make. In other words, the presidentialization of presentation that has come to characterize British newspapers and television seem to have some association with a presidentialization of electoral impact. Arguing that, for television at least, this association is not coincidental, the purpose of this chapter is to specify the nature of the linkage between presentation and impact.
Safety Considerations in Ambulatory Care Informatics

While there has been extensive research on patient safety in high-acuity health care settings, hazards to patient safety in ambulatory care settings remain poorly understood. Workflows and information flows in ambulatory care are highly complex and varied, giving rise to distinct ways in which patient harm can occur. It is hoped that use of health information technology (HIT) can make ambulatory care safer, but concerns exist that hazards to patient safety can also be introduced by such technology. This chapter presents two cases of HIT-related hazards centered on common scenarios in ambulatory care: determining a patient's preventive screening needs and identifying a patient population for chronic disease management.
Evaluation of an institutional project to improve venous thromboembolism prevention

BACKGROUND Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) was historically a poor performer on the venous thromboembolism (VTE) outcome measure. As this measure has been shown to be flawed by surveillance bias, NMH embraced process-of-care measures to ensure appropriate VTE prophylaxis to assess healthcare-associated VTE prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of an institution-wide project aimed at improving hospital performance on VTE prophylaxis measures. DESIGN A retrospective observational study. SETTING NMH, an 885-bed academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois PATIENTS Inpatients admitted to NMH from January 1, 2013 to May 1, 2013 and from October 1, 2014 to April 1, 2015 were eligible for evaluation. INTERVENTION Using the define-measure-analyze-improve-control (DMAIC) process-improvement methodology, a multidisciplinary team implemented and iteratively improved 15 data-driven interventions in 4 broad areas: (1) electronic medical record (EMR) alerts, (2) education initiatives, (3) new EMR order sets, and (4) other EMR changes. MEASUREMENTS The Joint Commission's 6 core measures and the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) SCIP-VTE-2 measure. RESULTS Based on 3103 observations (1679 from January 1, 2013 to May 1, 2013, and 1424 from October 1, 2014 to April 1, 2015), performance on the core measures improved. Performance on measure 1 (chemoprophylaxis) improved from 82.5% to 90.2% on medicine services, and from 94.4% to 97.6% on surgical services. The largest improvements were seen in measure 4 (platelet monitoring), with a performance increase from 76.7% adherence to 100%, and measure 5 (warfarin discharge instructions), with a performance increase from 27.4% to 88.8%. CONCLUSION A systematic hospital-wide DMAIC project improved VTE prophylaxis measure performance. Sustained performance has been observed, and novel control mechanisms for continued performance surveillance have been embedded in the hospital system. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:S29–S37. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
245. MicroRNA Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Human MSCs

Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are being studied in the field of regenerative medicine for their capacity for multi-differentiation. These cells can be isolated from multiple tissue types. The current literature indicates that MSCs have an immunoregulatory capacity, which can suppress the immune system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that are responsible for regulating gene expression. Through targeting binding to gene transcripts, miRNAs have been observed to impact MSC function such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Studies have shown that various miRNAs are expressed in MSCs; however, the impact of cellular expansion and donor variability on the miRNA expression is not well understood. Six commercially available MSC lines were expanded from passage 3 to 7 and their miRNA expression was evaluated using microarray technology. Statistical analyses of our data revealed that 71 miRNAs out of 939 examined were expressed by this set of MSC lines at all passages and the expression of 13 miRNAs were significantly different between passage 3 and 7. The expression of six miRNAs with the largest fold changes was further evaluated using RT-qPCR for both the original MSC lines and a second set of seven MSC lines expanded from passage 4 to 8. By RT-qPCR only 2 miRNAs, miR-638 and miR-572 were upregulated at passage 7 compared to passage 3 for the original MSC lines by 1.71 and 1.54 fold, respectively; and upregulated at passage 8 compared to passage 4 for the second set of MSC lines, 1.34 and 1.59 fold, respectively. These 2 miRNAs distinguish aging MSCs expanded in culture. These novel results may be useful in establishing critical quality attributes for limiting clinical applications of MSCs beyond specific cellular expansion protocols.
Design and Testing of Safer, More Effective Preservatives for Consumer Products

Preservatives deter microbial growth, providing crucial functions of safety and durability in composite materials, formulated products, and food packaging. Concern for human health and the environmental impact of some preservatives has led to regulatory restrictions and public pressure to remove individual classes of compounds, such as parabens and chromated copper arsenate, from consumer products. Bans do not address the need for safe, effective alternative preservatives, which are critical for both product performance (including lifespan and therefore life cycle metrics) and consumer safety. In this work, we studied both the safety and efficacy of a series of phenolic preservatives and compared them to common preservatives found in personal care products and building materials. We quantified antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative bacteria), and we conducted a hazard assessment, complemented by computational modeling, to evaluate the human...
Neighborhood characteristics and prescription drug misuse among adolescents: The importance of social disorganization and social capital

Abstract Background Prior research on prescription drug misuse has focused on identifying individual risk factors. While a few studies examine differences in misuse based on geographic residence, there is a lack of research that examines the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics. Methods The current research used data from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a sample of respondents that was generalizable to the non-institutionalised population of the United States. Logistic regression models were estimated to examine the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics (e.g., social disorganisation, social capital, and social participation) and prescription drug misuse (e.g., any misuse, pain reliever misuse, sedative/tranquiliser misuse, and stimulant misuse) among adolescent respondents ages 12–17. Results Findings show that neighbourhood characteristics were significantly associated with any prescription drug misuse and also the misuse of prescription opioids. Adolescents in socially disorganised neighbourhoods and also those in neighbourhoods with lower levels of social capital were more likely to report prescription drug misuse. Interestingly, adolescents with greater levels of social participation were more likely to report prescription drug misuse. Conclusion These findings were largely consistent with prior research examining the significance of neighbourhood characteristics in relation to crime and deviance. In order to adequately address the ongoing prescription drug epidemic in the United States, policy makers must address the neighbourhood characteristics that are known to be associated with prescription drug misuse.
Building an IoT Ecosystem Framework

Transformative technologies have historically revolutionized the way industry works, not because a single new technology is created, but rather because consensus around a group of existing and emerging technologies emerges that provides a cohesive way to think about business innovation. We are now at the cusp of such a transformation with technologies around the Internet of Things (IoT) [1–3].
Abstract LB-056: Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of immune checkpoint protein expression and N-glycosylation in human melanoma

Quantitative assessment of key proteins that control the tumor-immune interface is one of the most formidable analytical challenges in immunotherapeutics. We developed an targeted mass spectrometry (MS) platform to quantify programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) at fmol/microgram protein levels in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 22 human melanomas. PD-L1 abundance ranged 50-fold, from approximately 0.03 to 1.5 fmol/microgram protein and the PRM data were largely concordant with total PD-L1-positive cell content, as analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the E1L3N antibody. PD-1 was measured at levels up to 20-fold lower than PD-L1, but the abundances were not significantly correlated (r2 = 0.062, p = 0.264). PD-1 abundance was weakly correlated (r2 = 0.3057, p = 0.009) with the fraction of lymphocytes/histiocytes in sections. PD-L2 was measured from 0.03 to 1.90 fmol/microgram protein and the ratio of PD-L2 to PD-L1 abundance ranged from 0.03 to 2.58. In 8 samples, PD-L2 was present at more than half the level of PD-L1, which suggests that PD-L2, a higher affinity PD-1 ligand, is sufficiently abundant to contribute to T-cell downregulation. We also identified five branched mannose and N-acetylglucosamine glycans at PD-L1 position N192 in all 22 samples. Extent of PD-L1 glycan modification varied by approximately 10-fold and the melanoma with the highest PD-L1 protein abundance and most abundant glycan modification yielded a very low PD-L1 IHC estimate, thus suggesting that N-glycosylation may affect IHC measurement and PD-L1 function. Additional PRM analyses quantified immune checkpoint/co-regulator proteins LAG3, IDO1, TIM-3, VISTA and CD40, which all displayed distinct expression independent of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Targeted MS can provide a next-generation analysis platform to advance cancer immuno-therapeutic research and diagnostics. (Supported by NIH grant U24CA159988) Citation Format: Carlos Morales Betanzos, Hyoungjoo Lee, Paula I. Gonzalez Ericsson, Justin M. Balko, Douglas B. Johnson, Lisa J. Zimmerman, Daniel C. Liebler. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of immune checkpoint protein expression and N-glycosylation in human melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-056. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-056
Designing stress scenarios for portfolios

Evaluating portfolio performance under different stress scenarios is an important risk management tool. Designing stress scenarios for portfolios can be complex as it involves determining potential market changes in different asset classes and risk factors in a coherent manner that are extreme but plausible. This paper describes an approach to design such stress scenarios where the portfolio performance depends on market changes in many risk factors and asset classes. The scenario design is customized for the portfolio and helps describe plausible market changes that would have the most adverse impact on the portfolio performance. The approach relies on historical data and derives the scenario based on market changes during historical periods that would have been the most stressful for the given portfolio. The proposed approach also allows one to adjust the level of severity and if desired incorporate any specific market conditions of concern (such as scenario design for increasing interest rate environment and/or certain level of unemployment rate, etc.). The main advantages of the proposed approach are (a) flexibility in scenario design with and without constraints on market conditions with adjustable levels of severities, (b) computational simplicity, (c) scalability to any number of market risk factors, (d) no need of prior assumptions on joint distribution of market risk factors, and (e) transparency of the results as they are developed from market changes during actual stressful historical periods.
A MORE MEASURED APPROACH: AN EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT MEASURES OF MARRIAGE RATES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FAMILY ECONOMICS

Marriage patterns can be well understood only if researchers employ mea-sures of marriage rates that are appropriate for the question asked. In this paper, we consider diﬀerent measures of marriage rates and provide evidence that the two classes of measures typically used in the literature, the number of new marriages per population and the share of individuals currently or ever married within an age range, generally lead to misleading inference when used to study the probability that someone marries during his or her life or fertile life, how it evolves, and how it diﬀers across populations. An alternative mea-sure, the share of individuals ever married in a given cohort by a given age, is better suited for such studies. We also document that, in cases when researchers are interested in year-on-year changes in marriage probabilities of singles rather than the share that ever marry, age-speciﬁc marriage hazards are more reliable than population-based measures. We conclude the paper by discussing the im-plications of our ﬁndings for studies of the drivers and consequences of marriage formation.
Human regulatory proteins associate with non-coding RNAs from the EBV IR1 region.

The function of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) stable intronic sequence (sis)RNAs, non-coding RNAs transcribed from a region required for EBV-mediated cellular transformation, remain unknown. To better understand the function of ebv-sisRNA-1 and ebv-sisRNA-2 from the internal repeat (IR)1 region of EBV, we used a combination of bioinformatics and biochemistry to identify associated RNA binding proteins. The findings reported here are part of ongoing studies to determine the functions of non-coding RNAs from the IR1 region of EBV. Human regulatory proteins HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), HNRNPC, HNRNPL, HuR (human antigen R), and protein LIN28A (lin-28 homolog A) were predicted to bind ebv-sisRNA-1 and/or ebv-sisRNA-2; FUS (fused in sarcoma) was predicted to associate with ebv-sisRNA-2. Protein interactions were validated using a combination of RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pulldown assays. Both sisRNAs also precipitated with HNRNPD and NONO (non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein). Interestingly, each of these interacting proteins also precipitated non-spliced non-coding RNA sequences transcribed from the IR1 region. Our findings suggest interesting roles for sisRNAs (through their interactions with regulatory proteins) and provide further evidence for the existence of non-spliced stable non-coding RNAs.
Differences in Weight Loss and Recovery After Cleft Lip and Palate Repair.

Objective:To determine the degree of weight loss, time to regain lost weight, and impact on postoperative outcomes after primary cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) repair.Design:Single institutio...
Status of the Development of Superconducting Undulators at the Advanced Photon Source

Superconducting undulators (SCUs) are electromagnetic undulators that employ superconducting coils for generating magnetic field. Magnetic simulations suggest that superconducting undulator technol...