cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DEF (Butyl Phosphorotrithioate)

DEF, commonly known as tribufos, is classified as an organophosphate compound primarily used as a cotton defoliant. This compound is known to cause severe neurotoxic effects attributed to cholinesterase inhibition. While skin contact is the major route of exposure to DEF, it is also readily absorbed from oral route of exposure. Tribufos residues in food and drinking water do not pose risk concerns. The late acute effects of DEF are largely attributed to n -butyl mercaptan, an important breakdown product of DEF. The most common clinical manifestations of DEF toxicity in humans include lacrimation, salivation, nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, tremors, convulsion, and delayed neuropathic effects. Rhinorrhea and sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation and ocular pain, and mydriasis may occur. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations and twitching of muscles of tongue and eyelids, and generalized profound weakness. The deteriorating effects of DEF on cellular genomic functions account for both carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of DEF. Physically, DEF is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid. It is completely miscible with n -hexane, toluene, and 2-propanol. While this organophosphate compound is not significantly volatile, its major degradation product, n -butyl mercaptan, is volatile and responsible for its characteristic skunk-like odor near sites of application. DEF is likely to be carcinogenic to humans at high doses, whereas it is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans at low doses. Airway protection along with administration of either atropine sulfate (intravenous or intramuscular), pralidoxine, or glycopyrolate is probably the best antidote to deal with DEF poisoning.
Exercise band-induced lens dislocations: A case series.

Abstract Purpose We report three cases of lens dislocation due to ocular trauma from a recoiling exercise band. Observations Three patients had closed globe injury resulting in lens dislocation. All had previously undergone intraocular surgeries; two patients were within three weeks of pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair. Findings included vision loss, hyphema, and increased intraocular pressure refractory to medical management. The retina remained attached post-traumatically in all cases. Lens removal or repositioning resulted in improved vision. Conclusions and Importance: A recoiling exercise band can cause lens dislocation, hyphema, and ocular hypertension that may require surgical intervention. Our report emphasizes the importance of patient counseling in the perioperative period for the prevention of traumatic complications.
Iron(III) tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (FeTMPP-C1) as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in direct methanol fuel cells

Iron(III) tetramethoxyphenylporphyrins (FeTMPP-C1) adsorbed on high-area carbons were heat treated in an inert atmosphere at various temperatures ranging from 200–1000 °C to produce catalyst for the electroreduction of oxygen in acid electrolytes. It was found that the specific surface area of the FeTMPP-C1/C catalysts linearly decreases with increase of the FeTMPP-C1 loading on RB carbon. The electrical resistivity of the catalyst decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature in the range of 200 to 800 °C, then it increases beyond 800 °C. The results obtained with elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS techniques indicate that the onset temperature for partial decomposition for the FeTMPP chelate occurs at temperatures of about 400–500 °C. The surface concentrations of both iron and nitrogen on the carbon support increase as the heat treatment temperature increases, and the maximum occurs at 700 °C. Some possibilities about the nature of active sites in the catalyst are discussed.
Letter to the editor: Spurious localized highest-frequency modes in Schrödinger-type equations solved by finite-difference methods

High-frequency solutions of one or several Schrodinger-type equations are well known to differ very little from the plane wave solutions exp[+/-ikx]. That is, the potential terms impact the envelope of a high-frequency plane wave to only a small extent. However, when such equations are solved by a finite-difference method, the highest-frequency solutions may, under certain conditions, turn out to be localized. This may puzzle the researcher and suggest that the code may have an error. However, this is not an error but a numerical artifact, and in this note we explain it.
Post-transcriptional regulation of aortic calcification in KLOTHO deficient mice: impact of miR-145 and miR-378

Atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease are common in the aged as well as in those with kidney disease, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Although cardiovascular calcification is a major pathological feature, calcific molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. High bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) levels and BMP signaling promote calcification. We sought to identify and restore mechanisms that restrain BMP signaling in healthy cardiovascular tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression via the 39 untranslated region and have clinical potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Our goal was to elucidate the role of miRNAs that target BMP signaling during pathological calcification in the Klotho mouse model of kidney disease. We generated abundance profiles of miRNAs that normally repress BMP2 and other pro-osteogenic proteins in healthy and calcified mouse aorta. We also demonstrated that restoring normal levels of the miR-145 and miR-378 miRNAs can repress the synthesis of BMP2 and other pro-osteogenic proteins and inhibit pathological calcification in vivo. These miRNAs are candidates for miRNA replacement therapies in the context of chronic kidney disease and other pro-calcific conditions.
A single-center experience using alemtuzumab, fludarabine, melphalan, and thiotepa as conditioning for transplantation in pediatric patients with chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immune deficiency characterized by defective neutrophil function and increased risk of life-threatening infections. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is curative for CGD, and conditioning regimen impacts transplant-related outcomes. We report a single-center prospective study (NCT01821781) of four patients with CGD transplanted using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) containing alemtuzumab, fludarabine, melphalan, and thiotepa. Patients had early immune reconstitution with low incidence of infections. Disease-free survival was 75% at a median of five years after transplant. This RIC regimen presents an alternative approach for transplant of patients with CGD who may not tolerate busulfan-based conditioning.
WHAT IS NEW MATERIALISM

New materialism is one of the most important emerging trends in the humanities and social sciences, but it is also one of the least understood. This is because, as a term of ongoing contestation, i...
System-on-Chip Security Vulnerabilities

Modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs contain several highly sensitive assets such as encryption keys, device configurations, and on-device protected data that are responsible for keeping our personal, financial, and intimate physiological information safe and secure. These assets should be protected from any unauthorized access. Attacks on hardware can harm human life and environment by causing damages to critical infrastructure, violating personal privacy, or undermining the credibility of a business. Trust establishment in semiconductor designs has become a major challenge for design houses since several countries and companies are involved during different stages of a design life cycle. Vulnerabilities can be introduced during different design stages (such as defining specification, implementing designs at different abstraction levels, layout extraction, or during manufacturing). In this chapter, we review the modern semiconductor supply chain and provide an overview of SoC security vulnerabilities and their sources.
Negative health symptoms reported by youth e-cigarette users: Results from a national survey of US youth

Abstract Background E-cigarettes are the most prevalent tobacco product among US youth, but little is known about the health symptoms users experience. Methods Between August 2016 and May 2017, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional telephone survey of 975 US youth ages 13–17. Respondents who reported ever trying e-cigarettes were asked whether they ever experienced six physical health symptoms they thought were caused by e-cigarette use. We examined whether symptoms varied by demographics and tobacco use. Results Approximately 12.4% of respondents (n = 141) reported ever trying e-cigarettes. Of lifetime e-cigarette users, 37.0% reported past 30-day e-cigarette use, 17.2% reported past 30-day cigarette use, and 23.7% reported past 30-day use of another tobacco product. Most (63.3%) reported a symptom, most often cough (42.3%), followed by dizziness or lightheadedness (31.5%), headache or migraine (25.4%), dry or irritated mouth or throat (14.9%), shortness of breath (13.7%), change in or loss of taste (3.5%), and other (5.7%; nausea, dry eyes, earache, and tight chest). Headaches were more common among past 30-day e-cigarette users than non-users (43.8% vs. 14.6%). Shortness of breath was more common among past 30-day cigarette (33.8% vs. 9.5%) and other tobacco users (31.6% vs. 8.2%). Past 30-day cigarette users were also more likely to report any symptom (86.0% vs. 58.6%). Conclusions Most youth e-cigarette users attribute health symptoms to their e-cigarette use. Past 30-day users were more likely to report certain symptoms than non-users. Findings can educate health practitioners and school nurses about common symptoms youth may experience and inform prevention messages.
Carcass and Sensory Characteristic Differences Between Ram and Wether Lambs of Light, Medium, and Heavy Slaughter Weights

ObjectivesAmerican lambs are often over-finished and lack consistent quality. It has been suggested that leaving male lambs intact can decrease USDA Yield Grade (carcass fatness) and improve growth efficiency. However, ram lamb carcasses are underutilized because of potential issues, the most crucial being off-flavor. We studied the effects of castration and slaughter weight on growth, carcass, and sensory characteristics to determine if ram lamb growth and efficiency can be advantageous without detriment to eating satisfaction. Materials and MethodsDorset lambs (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either ram or wether treatment group (10 rams, 10 wethers). Lambs assigned to the wether group were castrated within the first 7 d after birth and all lambs were fed the same grain-based diet for the duration of the study. Animals were balanced for mean age and 90 d weight and assigned to appropriate slaughter group. Targeted end live weights for slaughter designation were light (55 kg), medium (66 kg), and heavy (77 kg) classifications. Lambs were harvested in 3 weight groups, light (55 ± 1.5 kg; n = 6), medium (66 ± 1.3 kg; n = 8), and heavy (78 ± 1.5 kg; n = 6), with an even distribution of ram and wether in each group. Following harvest, carcasses were chilled for 2 d at 2°C, fabricated, and primal cut yields were recorded. Boneless legs were wet aged for 14 d, ground and formed into 1 oz. patties for sensory analysis. Untrained panelists (n = 107) evaluated meat sensory characteristics. Three samples of light, 4 samples of medium, and 3 samples of heavy weight lambs were served each day, and serve order was randomized. The Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) was used to evaluate fixed effects of sex (n = 2), slaughter weight (n = 3), and their interaction as well as random effects of sensory characteristics including panelist, day, and sample. ResultsSupporting our hypothesis, ram lambs exhibited greater (P 0.05) ADG. Ram lambs had more desirable (P 0.05) texture liking or juiciness intensity differences based on sex or slaughter weight. ConclusionIntact ram lambs provide the sheep industry an opportunity to improve growth, increase muscularity, and decrease USDA Yield Grade while providing a satisfactory eating experience. Ram lamb flavor intensity was more preferred by consumers, yet, compounding of advanced physiological maturity and harvesting intact rams increased incidence of off-flavors.
A Design Framework to Automate Task Simulation and Ergonomic Analysis in Digital Human Modeling

Using Digital human modeling (DHM) early in design brings the advantage of reducing the time and resources committed to building full-scale physical prototypes. DHM also helps in minimizing efforts put on performing human subject data collection. However, majority of the repetitive two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) object orientations and manikin adjustments in DHM are executed manually via point-and-click based keystrokes and precision mouse control, which correspond with increased user effort and time. Additionally, such manual adjustments often fail to mimic the actual postures with high fidelity; thus, injecting further user bias into the design. Due to lack of automation, engineers follow a much conservative approach via running a limited set of ergonomics simulations on select values in contrast to performing an exhaustive search for exploring an extensive set of anthropometry and postural variations. This study introduces an early design framework to automate manikin setup, task simulation, and ergonomic evaluations in DHM to provide concept design exploration capabilities. In this research work, a cockpit packaging design problem was explored to measure the reach gap values via the automation framework. Results suggest that the automation methodology has the potential to reduce the amount of time required to perform DHM simulations and helps in minimizing user bias. The automation framework generated ergonomic evaluations with high correlation values (>0.97) and provided approximately a 97.5% reduction in time when compared to manual simulations.
Nonlinear Light-Matter Interactions: Time-Domain Multiphysics Modeling

Time-domain modeling of optical nonlinear responses is of utmost importance in the understanding and engineering of nonlinear photonic devices. Here, we overview our recent efforts in developing multilevel atomic models for simulating light-matter interaction for various nonlinear materials. Our multiphysics simulation framework couples the rate equations that model excitation and relaxation dynamics within a given material with the Maxwell equations. The framework covers many nonlinear phenomena (e.g., gain, saturable absorption, multi-photon absorption), while also accounting for plasmon-enhancement effects.
Signaling with Reform: How the Threat of Corruption Prevents Informed Policy-making

Lobbying is a potential source of corruption but is also a valuable source of information for policy-makers. We analyze a game-theoretic model that shows how the threat of corruption affects the incentives of noncorrupt politicians to enlist the help of lobbyists to make more informed decisions. Politicians face a dilemma because voters cannot always tell whether a politician allows access to lobbyists to solicit corruption or to seek information. Thus, a noncorrupt politician may deny access to lobbyists to signal that she is noncorrupt even though doing so impedes her ability to make good policy. This signaling may decrease the welfare of the voters depending on the value of the lost policy information relative to the value of screening out corrupt politicians.
Leadership and burnout: An analysis of counselor educators in CACREP-accredited programs in the United States

Limited research exists on leadership and burnout for counselor educators. Regression analyses explored the relationship between counselor educators’ leadership experience and competence and burnou...
Changes in K-8 Teacher Self-Efficacy with CS and Culturally Responsive Teaching through an RPP Workshop

This poster presents pilot results of a professional development (PD) workshop designed by a Research-Practice Partnership (RPP) that focused on helping K-8 teachers integrate computer science (CS) concepts into other content areas using culturally responsive teaching (CRT) strategies. Preliminary results demonstrate that teachers significantly improved their self-efficacy to teach CS and self-confidence to use CRT in CS after the 4-week workshop. Results suggest that K-8 teachers can greatly benefit from PD experiences that focus on equitable CS instruction and pedagogy.
Precannulation International Normalized Ratio is Independently Associated With Mortality in Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objectives To explore whether precannulation international normalized ratio (INR) is associated with in-hospital mortality in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) patients. Design A retrospective, observational cohort study. Setting A quaternary care academic medical center. Participants Patients with cardiogenic shock on VA-ECMO for >24 hours. Interventions None, observational study. Measurements and Main Results A total of 188 patients who were on VA-ECMO were included over three years. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their pre-ECMO INR: INR 1.8. For all patients, demographics, comorbidities, and ECMO details were recorded. The study's primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcomes included major bleeding, minor bleeding, allogeneic transfusion, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, acute renal failure, acute liver failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine whether precannulation INR was associated independently with in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality differed significantly by INR group (51.6% INR >1.8 v 42.3% INR 1.5-1.8 v 24.3% INR 1.8 was associated independently with an increased odds of mortality (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.04) after controlling for sex, Survival after VA- ECMO score, and ECMO indication. An INR within 1.5 to 1.8 did not confer an increased mortality risk. Conclusions An INR >1.8 before VA-ECMO cannulation is associated independently with in-hospital mortality. Precannulation INR should be considered by clinicians so that ECMO resources can be better allocated and risks of organ failure and intracranial hemorrhage can be better understood.
Modeling gas flow in hollow-core optical fibers

We use the Navier-Stokes and diffusion-convection equations to study gas flow in hollow-core fibers. The gas-filling time assuming compressible flow is shorter than when assuming incompressible flow, which underlines the importance of compressible flow models.
CBT-I for patients with hypersomnia disorders

Abstract Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are characterized by persistent sleepiness that is not caused by insufficient sleep. These conditions currently have no cure and can have devastating effects on health-related quality of life. This chapter provides an overview of chronic hypersomnia with an emphasis on the psychosocial aspects of living with these conditions. Cognitive and behavioral strategies for managing symptoms and addressing psychosocial functioning are discussed as part of a cognitive-behavior therapy for hypersomnia (CBT-H), which borrows components from cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and introduces novel strategies to address the unique psychosocial needs of people with chronic hypersomnia. Further research is needed to gather empirical evidence for using these cognitive and behavioral strategies and to enhance behavioral sleep medicine services for people with chronic hypersomnia.
SU‐F‐303‐01: 4D‐MRI Reconstruction Using Group‐Wise Registration

Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm that accurately reconstructs a representative 4D-MRI from a multi-slice dynamic 2D-MRI scan. Methods: Multi-slice dynamic 2D-MR images at sagittal view are acquired using a cyclic and interleaved protocol to avoid crosstalk between adjacent slices and capture temporal anatomical variations. We chose sagittal view as it captures both superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions where the most dominant respiration-induced anatomical motion happens. A respiratory signal is extracted directly from the sagittal MR images by computing the body area. The acquired images are first sorted by respiration phase-binning. To reconstruct each slice at each bin, we use group-wise-registration (GWR) on all the corresponding sorted images. GWR repeatedly registers the images to a template space. The template is initialized using a representative image that shows the best similarity to its adjacent slices among sorted images, and is updated at each iteration by averaging the resulting registered images. Finally, the reconstructed slices are stacked at each bin to form a 4D-MRI reconstruction. Results: We tested our method on five lung cancer patient data sets scanned on a Siemens 1.5T MAGNETOM Espree scanner using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence (TrueFISP, TR=3 ms, TE=1.22 ms, flip angle=77–79°). We compared our method with two conventional slice average-based methods. Our method has significantly enhanced the reconstruction quality as well as the edges, and showed improved edge sharpness by an average of 20% (in terms of the frame average strength response to the Deriche edge operator) compared to conventional methods. Conclusion: We proposed a new 4D-MRI reconstruction algorithm that enhances the 4D-MRI reconstruction quality over the conventional methods. We initially tested this method on lung cancer cases, but it can be extended to any sites where respiration-induced motion is critical. Funding From an NIH grant NIH/NCI 5R21CA178455
Adjudicative Jurisdiction and the Market for Corporate Charters

Both in the United States and in Europe, corporations are free to choose the applicable corporate law by incorporating in the jurisdiction of their choice. However, smaller firms face a number of obstacles in exercising that choice. One such obstacle concerns the law on adjudicative jurisdiction: In the United States as well as in the European Community, corporations are exposed to third-party suits in their state of incorporation even if they have no other ties to that state. In this Article, I argue that while the relevant rule may not matter much in the United States, it probably imposes a considerable burden on corporations in Europe. Moreover, I show that there is no convincing justification for the relevant Community law rule. It does not promise to increase the combined gains reaped by contracting parties, nor can it be expected to achieve either a substantive increase in positive externalities or a significant reduction in negative externalities. Finally, it cannot even be justified persuasively on fairness grounds.
QUANTITATIVE CLINICAL NEUROLOGICAL TESTING. II. SOME STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF A BATTERY OF TESTS.

Abstract A battery of clinical neurological tests was evaluated statistically. In one experiment eight medical students were studied to obtain information on the reproducibility of four observers, eight repeated examinations, and four time periods of day. To obtain learning and fatigue effects another experiment using ten medical students was carried out. The results from this study for these particular groups indicate: 1. 1. That different examiners, such as neurologists and physical therapists, may be trained to obtain comparable results using the quantitative tests of the battery of clinical neurological tests. 2. 2. That the level of neurological function obtained using these neurological tests does not vary significantly during the four stated periods of the day. 3. 3. That the level of neurological function does not differ significantly when the battery of neurological tests was administered on four consecutive days. 4. 4. It is doubtful that a significant learning trend exists when these neurological tests are administered on four consecutive days. 5. 5. That the weekly means of most of the neurological tests which involve many repetitions of the same action at each examination are significantly larger for the second week. 6. 6. The neurological tests of five repeated trials, e.g., gap strength, and the tests of four reduced trials, e.g., speed of hand, may be used as useful measures of two types of fatigue.
Stability of Brillouin flow in planar, conventional, and inverted magnetrons

The Brillouin flow is the prevalent flow in crossed-field devices. We systematically study its stability in the conventional, planar, and inverted magnetron geometry. To investigate the intrinsic negative mass effect in Brillouin flow, we consider electrostatic modes in a nonrelativistic, smooth bore magnetron. We found that the Brillouin flow in the inverted magnetron is more unstable than that in a planar magnetron, which in turn is more unstable than that in the conventional magnetron. Thus, oscillations in the inverted magnetron may startup faster than the conventional magnetron. This result is consistent with simulations, and with the negative mass property in the inverted magnetron configuration. Inclusion of relativistic effects and electromagnetic effects does not qualitatively change these conclusions.
Mapping of secondary somatosensory cortex activation induced by vibrational stimulation: an fMRI study.

Sensory functional MRI was performed in seven normal volunteers at 1. 5 T using a vibratory stimulus applied to the pad of the first finger of the left hand. The data was normalized to a standard atlas, and individual and group statistical parametric maps were computed. Robust bilateral activation was demonstrated in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), indicating a bilateral representation of SII in humans. Greater maxima and activation volumes were achieved in contralateral SII as compared to SI. Sensory fMRI can provide a sensitive assay for probing the nature and function of SII in vivo.
SEMAGE: a new image-based two-factor CAPTCHA

We present SEMAGE (SEmantically MAtching imaGEs), a new image-based CAPTCHA that capitalizes on the human ability to define and comprehend image content and to establish semantic relationships between them. A SEMAGE challenge asks a user to select semantically related images from a given image set. SEMAGE has a two-factor design where in order to pass a challenge the user is required to figure out the content of each image and then understand and identify semantic relationship between a subset of them. Most of the current state-of-the-art image-based systems like Assira [20] only require the user to solve the first level, i.e., image recognition. Utilizing the semantic correlation between images to create more secure and user-friendly challenges makes SEMAGE novel. SEMAGE does not suffer from limitations of traditional image-based approaches such as lacking customization and adaptability. SEMAGE unlike the current text-based systems is also very user-friendly with a high fun factor. These features make it very attractive to web service providers. In addition, SEMAGE is language independent and highly flexible for customizations (both in terms of security and usability levels). SEMAGE is also mobile devices friendly as it does not require the user to type anything. We conduct a first-of-its-kind large-scale user study involving 174 users to gauge and compare accuracy and usability of SEMAGE with existing state-of-the-art CAPTCHA systems like reCAPTCHA (text-based) [6] and Asirra (image-based) [20]. The user study further reinstates our points and shows that users achieve high accuracy using our system and consider our system to be fun and easy.
Treatment of ventricular fibrillation and other acute arrhythmias with bretylium tosylate.

Abstract In a pilot study of 30 consecutive patients, bretylium tosylate was found an effective therapeutic agent for treating ventricular fibrillation and other arrhythmias, particularly of ventricular origin. It was of clear value as an adjunct in the treatment of patients with ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia that had been resistant to other drugs and electrical countershock. In 5 patients bretylium was considered to be livesaving. In 27 patients suppression of the arrhythmia occurred within five minutes to several hours after initial treatment. In 2 the response was delayed until a second dose was given; in a third the arrhythmia was not reversed for seven hours. The duration of antiarrhythmic action was relatively long, lasting from 10 to 20 hours after a dose. Recurrence of the arrhythmia after this period could be suppressed by an additional dose. Unlike all other known antiarrhythmic agents that suppress myocardial contractile strength, bretylium is positively inotropic and normally augments cardiac output. The side effect of orthostatic hypotension usually requires the patient to be kept in bed.
Machine learning approaches for error correction of hydraulic simulation models for canal flow schemes

AbstractModernization of today’s irrigation systems attempts to improve system efficiency and management effectiveness of every component of the system (reservoirs, canals, and gates) using automation technologies, along with hydraulic simulation models. The canal flow control scheme resulting from the coupling of the system automation and the simulation models has proven to be an excellent irrigation water management instrument around the world. Nevertheless, the harsh environment of irrigation systems can induce uncertainties or errors in the components of canal flow control that can worsen over time, misleading or confusing both human and computer controllers. These errors can be attributed to parameter measurement and conceptual sources, with the complexity of locating their individual origin. In this paper, a framework is presented to minimize the collective or aggregate error within an irrigation canal flow control scheme that uses a learning machine algorithm (multilayer perceptron and relevance ve...
Socialization toward a career as a marriage and family therapist: How is our profession doing?

To date, marriage and family therapy does not have formal socialization programs at the undergraduate level. Socialization activities may include career classes, advising, providing internships, or actively recruiting the most talented and qualified students. These socialization activities may also aid in the recruitment of minority students. A survey of the accredited programs revealed that most programs do not have formal opportunities for the faculty to interact and discuss therapy as a career option. While most programs have at least one faculty member who teaches undergraduates, this contact alone is not very good in terms of socializing students into choosing therapy as a career option. While there are some valid concerns about undergraduates, marriage and family therapy as a distinct discipline may benefit from actively recruiting the best students.
FLORAL ANTHOCYANINS IN SPECIES AND HYBRIDS OF BROUGHTONIA, BRASSAVOLA, AND CATTLEYOPSIS (ORCHIDACEAE)'

A B S T R A C T Chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were used to identify the floral anthocyanins of Broughtonia domingensis, B. negrilensis, B. sanguinea, Brassotonia 'John Miller,' Diabroughtonia, Brassavola nodosa, Cattleyopsis lindenii, and Cattleytonia 'Rosy Jewell' for the purpose of establishing chemotaxonomic relationships and inheritance patterns. Flowers of Brassavola nodosa were found to contain raphanusin C, an anthocyanin not present in Cattleyopsis lindenii or in any of the Broughtonia species and hybrids. Pelanin is present in flowers of Broughtonia domingensis and B. negrilensis, but not in those of B. sanguinea. Raphanusin B, raphanusin D, and pelargonidin-3glucoside, 5-sophoroside which are present in B. sanguinea were also found in its intergeneric hybrids with Diacrium and Brassavola. These findings suggest that Cattleyopsis lindenii should not be transferred to Broughtonia and that B. domingensis, B. negrilensis, and B. sanguinea are separate species.
Mechanical characterization and modeling of non-linear deformation and fracture of a fiber reinforced metal matrix composite

The nonlinear anisotropic mechanical behavior of an aluminum alloy metal matrix composite reinforced with continuous alumina fibers was determined experimentally. The mechanical behavior of the composite were modeled by assuming that the composite has a periodical microstructure. The resulting unit cell problem was solved with the finite element method. Excellent agreement was found between theoretically predicted and measured stress-strain responses for various tensile and shear loadings. The stress-strain responses for transverse and inplane shear were found to be identical and this will provide a simplification of the constitutive equations for the composite. The composite has a very low ductility in transverse tension and a limited ductility in transverse shear that was correlated to high hydrostatic stresses that develop in the matrix. The shape of the initial yield surface was calculated and good agreement was found between the calculated shape and the experimentally determined shape.
The Adenovirus E1b55K/E4orf6 Complex Induces Degradation of the Bloom Helicase during Infection

The adenovirus (Ad) E1b55K and E4orf6 gene products assemble an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that promotes degradation of cellular proteins. Among the known substrates are p53 and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex. Since members of the RecQ helicase family function together with MRN in genome maintenance, we investigated whether adenovirus affects RecQ proteins. We show that Bloom helicase (BLM) is degraded during adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) infection. BLM degradation is mediated by E1b55K/E4orf6 but is independent of MRN. We detected BLM localized at discrete foci around viral replication centers. These studies identify BLM as a new substrate for degradation by the adenovirus E1b55K/E4orf6 complex.
Reasons and strategies associated with positive interaction between work and home amongst managers: An exploratory study

Orientation: In order to facilitate positive interaction between work and home, it is necessary to understand the reasons for and strategies used by managerial employees to manage this interaction. Research purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine, (1) reasons why employees experience high or low positive work–home interaction and (2) strategies that employees with high and low positive interaction use. Motivation for the study: Positive interaction between work and home, particularly in managerial employees, is becoming increasingly more important with a view to ensuring a stable and healthy work–home life. Research design, approach and method: A random clustered sample ( n = 275) was taken from managerial employees in a multinational organisation and the Survey Work–Home Interaction-Nijmegen (SWING) was administered to identify participants with high and low positive interaction between work and home respectively. Thereafter, exploratory qualitative interviews were conducted with selected participants ( n = 32) to deduce themes for the above-mentioned objectives. Content analysis was used to analyse, quantify and interpret the research data. Main findings: Reasons for high or low positive interaction were identified in conjunction with previous research. Ten successful strategies for positive interaction between work and home were identified and reported. Managerial/practical implications: Organisational recommendations made include changing the organisational culture to being more supportive, developing employees for future positions and creating social networks. In addition, individual strategies and recommendations for future research are identified. Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the limited research on strategies for positive interaction between work and home among managerial employees.
Advancing measures of innovation in the United States

This paper introduces major themes addressed in this special issue, which is based on NSF's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) workshop Advancing Measures of Innovation—Knowledge Flows, Business Metrics, and Measurement Strategies, held on June 6-7, 2006 near Washington, D.C. The first two sections describe the workshop and provide a brief background on R & D and innovation metrics. The last section introduces the papers. They are based on selected workshop presentations along with additional invited papers.
The challenges of user-centered design and evaluation for infrastructure

Infrastructure software comprises code libraries or runtime processes that support the development or operation of application software. A particular infrastructure system may support certain styles of application, and may even determine the features of applications built using it. This poses a challenge: although we have good techniques for designing and evaluating interactive applications, our techniques for designing and evaluating infrastructure intended to support these applications are much less well formed. In this paper, we reflect on case studies of two infrastructure systems for interactive applications. We look at how traditional user-centered techniques, while appropriate for application design and evaluation, fail to properly support infrastructure design and evaluation. We present a set of lessons from our experience, and conclude with suggestions for better user-centered design and evaluation of infrastructure software.
Topography of Diabetic Macular Edema with Optical Coherence Tomography

Objective: This study aimed to develop a protocol to screen and monitor patients with diabetic macular thickening using optical coherence tomography (OCT), a technique for high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of the retina. Design: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. Participants: A total of 182 eyes of 107 patients with diabetic retinopathy, 55 eyes from 31 patients with diabetes but no ophthalmoscopic evidence of retinopathy, and 73 eyes from 41 healthy volunteers were studied. Intervention: Six optical coherence tomograms were obtained in a radial spoke pattern centered on the fovea. Retinal thickness was computed automatically from each tomogram at a total of 600 locations throughout the macula. Macular thickness was displayed geographically as a false-color topographic map and was reported numerically as averages in each of nine regions. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation of OCT with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography, and visual acuity was measured. Results: Optical coherence tomography was able to quantify the development and resolution of both foveal and extrafoveal macular thickening. The mean ± standard deviation foveal thickness was 174 ± 18 μ m in normal eyes, 179 ± 17 μ m in diabetic eyes without retinopathy, and 256 ± 114 μ m in eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Foveal thickness was highly correlated among left and right eyes of normal eyes (mean ± standard deviation difference of 6 ± 9 μ m). Foveal thickness measured by OCT correlated with visual acuity ( r 2 = 0.79). A single diabetic eye with no slit-lamp evidence of retinopathy showed abnormal foveal thickening on OCT. Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography was a useful technique for quantifying macular thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema. The topographic mapping protocol provided geographic information on macular thickness that was intuitive and objective.
J/ψ and ϒ nuclear modification in A+A collisions

Abstract PHENIX presents new nuclear modification results on J / ψ in Cu+Au and U+U collisions. The recently completed analysis of the modification of J / ψ production in Cu+Au collisions at forward ( 1.2 y 2.2 ) and backward ( − 2.2 y − 1.2 ) rapidity is the first measurement of the rapidity dependence of the J / ψ modification in unequal mass heavy ion collisions. Both hot and CNM effects are expected to be asymmetric in rapidity in these collisions. The comparison of d+Au, Au+Au, U+U and Cu+Au J / ψ modifications across rapidities provides insight on the balance of cold and hot nuclear matter effects. We also present new PHENIX results on ϒ(1S+2S+3S) production in p + p and centrality dependence in Au+Au collisions. These results are consistent with significant suppression of the 2S and 3S states in the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP) environment.
Effects of a reality TV cosmetic surgery makeover program on eating disordered attitudes and behaviors.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of a reality TV cosmetic surgery program on eating disordered attitudes, behaviors, mood, anxiety, and self-esteem. Method Participants (N = 147 women) completed baseline surveys and were subsequently randomly assigned to one of two conditions: one in which they watched a reality TV cosmetic surgery program (The Swan) and one in which they watched a reality TV home improvement program (Clean Sweep). Assessments were conducted immediately post-video and two weeks later. Results Women in the cosmetic surgery program group who reported higher internalization of the thin-ideal at baseline manifested lower self-esteem at posttesting. Among White women, those who watched the cosmetic surgery program reported greater perceptions of media pressures to be thin and stronger endorsement of their ability to control their body's appearance after watching the video. These differences persisted over a two-week follow-up period. Discussion Reality TV cosmetic surgery makeover programs may contribute to eating disordered attitudes and behaviors among young women, particularly those who have internalized the thin body-ideal. These findings seem to be especially applicable for White women; however, they should be further investigated with more diverse and international samples.
Fitness reduction associated with the deletion of a satellite DNA array

SATELLITE DNA refers to a class of tandem repeats of very simple sequences, usually A + T or G + C rich, which form a satellite band on a CsCl gradient. Their ubiquity and abundance in higher eukaryotes have led to speculation about their functions1–3 It has often been suggested that satellite DNAs are merely innocuous genetic parasites or comprise 'junk' DNA2–4. The recent identification of an array of satellite DNA repeats as the Responder (Rsp) locus of Drosophila melanogaster provides a new perspective on these elements5. Rsp is in the centromeric heterochromatin of most natural second chromosomes6. It causes spermatids bearing it to degenerate after meiosis when the homologous second chromosome is a Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosome. That is, SD targets the Rsp locus on its homologue for destruction during spermatogenesis, causing meiotic drive. Why then does the Rsp locus, a large array of satellite repeats, exist at all? One plausible explanation is that its existence contributes to the fitness of flies bearing it, compensating for the loss through meiotic drive. A direct demonstration of the usefulness of any family of satellite DNA is to compare the fitnesses of individuals with and without it. Previously, such an experiment has been difficult because the absence of a characteristic phenotype has precluded an efficient selection of deletion mutations. In this report we attempt to demonstrate a fitness reduction associated with the deletion of Rsp satellite DNA as well as the life stages at which such a reduction occurs.
A pedestrian approach to a method of Conway, or, a tale of two cities

(1997). A Pedestrian Approach To a Method of Conway, or, A Tale of Two Cities. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 70, No. 5, pp. 327-340.
Nonlinear Vibrations of a Beam Under Harmonic Excitation

A straight beam with fixed ends, excited by the periodic motion of its supporting base in a direction normal to the beam span, was investigated analytically and experimentally. By using Galerkin’s method (one mode approximation) the governing partial differential equation reduces to the well-known Duffing equation. The harmonic balance method is applied to solve the Duffing equation. Besides the solution of simple harmonic motion (SHM), many other branch solutions, involving superharmonic motion (SPHM) and subharmonic motion (SBHM), are found experimentally and analytically. The stability problem is analyzed by solving a corresponding variational Hill-type equation. The results of the present analysis agree well with the experiments.
Hydroxyurea synchronization increases mitotic yield in human glioma cell lines.

Karyotypic studies of human gliomas are often limited by a low mitotic index and the appearance of contracted chromosomes that do not exhibit clear banding patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of hydroxyurea (HU) as a synchronizing agent using established human glioma cell lines as a model system. HU was shown to reversibly inhibit cellular replication in glioma cell lines U-251 MG, D-245MG, D-247MG and D-263MG by flow cytometry on the basis of DNA content. Two-to sixfold increases were demonstrated in the mitotic index of HU-treated cultures exhibiting the greatest percentage of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle. HU, therefore, promises to be an effective agent for use in short term cultures from biopsied human tumors to increase the quality of chromosome preparations in these tumors.
Gender-specific Normative Misperceptions of Risky Sexual Behavior and Alcohol-related Risky Sexual Behavior

This research examined gender-specific perceptions of risky sexual behavior norms among college students and their relationship with one’s own sexual behavior. We expected that students would misperceive the risky sexual behavior of their peers and that these perceptions would positively relate to their sexual behavior. Undergraduate students from the United States (N = 687; 57.6% female) completed measures assessing perceived sexual behavior, sexual behavior, and other behaviors (e.g., marijuana use, alcohol consumption). Findings demonstrated that students perceived that others engaged in more risky sexual behavior than they do and that perceived norms were positively associated with one’s own behavior. The incorporation of personalized normative feedback regarding risky sexual behavior into brief interventions aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior is discussed.
Tissue Selectivity of the Anabolic Steroid, 19-Nor-4-Androstenediol-3β,17β-Diol in Male Sprague Dawley Rats: Selective Stimulation of Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density Relative to Prostate Mass

Stimulation of prostate growth is a major concern with testosterone therapy in older hypogonadal men. As a result, nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators with anabolic activity but less prostate stimulation are being developed. Anabolic steroids might exhibit similar tissue selectivity. We hypothesized the anabolic steroid 19-nor-4-androstenediol-3β,17β-diol (3β,19-NA) would increase muscle, lean body mass (LBM), and bone mineral density (BMD) with little stimulation of prostate growth. Male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with SILASTIC brand (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) capsules containing 3β,19-NA (4, 8, or 16 cm), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (8 cm), 19-nortestosterone (16 cm), or four empty capsules after undergoing either a sham operation (intact) or orchidectomy (ORX). Serum gonadotropins, measured after 4, 8, or 24 wk of treatment, were significantly lower in 3β,19-NA-treated vs. untreated, intact, and ORX rats (P < 0.05), and testosterone was lowered by 3β,19-NA-treatment of intact anim...