cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How To Manage the Emerging Generational Divide in the Contemporary Knowledge-Rich Workplace.

The manager's dilemmas and options in resolving the emerging latent intergenerational conflict in the contemporary knowledge-rich workplace is the main topic that has been addressed in this paper. First, we have identified the antecedents leading to the polarization in task requirements between the subcultures of 20+ year-old and 40+ year-old employees. Second, we have reviewed the social and environmental factors that contribute to the retained distinctiveness of the “cool” subculture of the 20+ Next Generation employees in the contemporary workplace. Third, we have identified the polarization of the two generational subcultures along the six independent dimensions proposed by Hofstede (1998). Finally, we have recommended a differentiated and integrated method for today's manager to be implemented in managing these two distinct subcultures.
UNIDIRECTIONAL AND LARGE MAGNITUDE HEART RATE CHANGES WITH AUGMENTED SENSORY FEEDBACK

In the first of two studies, subjects (Ss) were required to either raise or lower heart rate (HR) relative to pre-trial baseline by altering a tone which changed frequency with HR. Reliable increases but no decreases in HR were found. In a second study extended training of a single S with visual feedback resulted in consistent sustained HR increases of 15 to 35 beats per minute (bpm), but only slight decreases. Sustained elevated rate was accompanied by anxiety. No reliable changes in breathing occurred in either study.
QCD radiative corrections to upsilon decay into scalar plus gamma and pseudoscalar plus gamma

Abstract The calculation is presented of the αS correction to heavy quarkonium decay into scalar and pseudoscalar plus gamma. For the scalar case, the result agrees with the value previously calculated by Vysotsky. In both cases the correction brings about a substantial reduction in the rate.
Layered-mode selection logic control with fuzzy sensor fusion network

Robots developed from the 60's to the present have been restricted to highly structured environments such as work cells or automated guided vehicles, primarily to avoid harmful interactions with humans. Next generation robots must function in unstructured environments. Such robots must be fault tolerant to sensor and manipulator failures, scalable in number of agents, and adaptable to different robotic base platforms. The Central Arkansas Robotics Consortium has developed a robot controller architecture, called Layered Mode Selection Logic (LMSL), which addresses all of these concerns. The LMSL architecture is an implementation of a behavior based controller fused with a planner. The architecture creates an abstraction layer for the robot sensors through a Fuzzy Sensor Fusion Network (FSFN), and it creates an abstraction layer for the robot manipulators through a reactive layer. The LMSL architecture has been implemented and tested on UALR's J5 robotics research platform. A FSFN combines acceleration and force signals for collision detection. The output of the FSFN switches among low level behaviors to accomplish obstacle avoidance and obstacle manipulation. Comparable results are achieved with all sensors functioning, with only the acceleration sensor (force sensor faulted), and with only the force sensor (acceleration sensor faulted).
The Triumph of Techniques Over Purpose Revisited Evaluating Police Officer Selection

This article examines the tension that often arises between the values of public personnel administration and the technical/psychometric characteristics found in the Uniform Guidelines on Employee ...
Mammary carcinoma behavior is programmed in the precancer stem cell

The 'MINO' (mammary intraepithelial neoplasia outgrowth) mouse model of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) consists of six lines with distinct morphologic phenotypes and behavior, each meeting experimentally defined criteria for 'precancer'. Specifically, these lines grow orthotopically in cleared mammary fat pads and consistently progress to an invasive phenotype that is capable of ectopic growth. Transition to carcinoma has a consistent latency for each line, and three of the lines also exhibit pulmonary metastatic potential. Gland cleared orthotopic transplanted precancer MINO tissues were analyzed by bacterial artifical chromosome and oligo array comparative genomic hybridization, microsatellite PCR, and telomerase repeat amplification assay. MINO cells were dissociated and cultured in three dimensional culture and transplanted in syngeneic gland cleared mammary fat pads. Comparative genomic hybridization shows that the precancer and invasive tumors are genetically stable, with low level changes including whole chromosome gains in some lines. No changes are associated with progression, although spontaneous focal amplifications and deletions were detected occasionally. Microsatellite analysis shows a low frequency of alterations that are predominantly permanent within a MINO line. Telomerase activity is increased in both the MINO and the derived tumors when compared with normal mouse mammary gland. Dissociation of the precancer lesion cells and three dimensional 'spheroid' culture of single cells reveals a bipotential for myoepithelial and luminal differentiation and the formation of unique three-dimensional 'MINOspheres'. These MINOspheres exhibit features that are intermediate between spheroids that are derived from normal and carcinoma cells. Transplantation of a single cell derived MINOsphere recapitulates the outgrowth of the precancer morphology and progression to carcinoma. These data establish a precancer 'stem' cell that is capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation as the origin of invasive cancer. Within the context of this model, these cells have programmed potential for latency and metastasis that does not appear to require sequential genetic 'hits' for transformation.
Resistance to Neo-Liberalism: France, Greece, Spain, and the US

AbstractThe mass mobilizations against neo-liberal austerity drives that took place in Greece, France, Spain, and Madison, Wisconsin from 2010 into the summer of 2011 reflect deeply global forces and suggest several trends in contemporary global capitalism. These include an emerging pattern of inequality among member states of the European Union, deep alienation of workers from the Social Democracy and other traditional labor organizations who have championed neo-liberal economic policies and implemented austerity drives, and new forms of collective action.
Managing Digital Objects on the Internet

All types of information may be structured as digital objects. These may be subject to rights, require privacy or demand security. Some may be inaccessible without permission (eg. Behind firewalls) may move from place to place, or exist at multiple locations. Some may need to be accessible for very long period of time. An overall framework in which to address these issues will be presented and their revelence to network operations and management will be discussed.
Parent Perceptions of Barriers to Academic Success in a Rural Middle School

In focus groups, parents of both academically successful seventh-grade students and at-risk students (i.e., failing one or more classes, numerous behavioral referrals, and/or suspensions) in a rural middle school identified perceived barriers to student success as well as school and community resources for overcoming those barriers. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed six common barrier themes for the two groups and two additional themes for parents of academically at-risk students. The results are discussed with respect to the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model of parental involvement and the school counselor's role in school-family-community collaboration.
A multiconfigurational linear response study of N2

Abstract The multiconfigurationai time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method (which is the correct linear response for a multiconfigurational wavefunction) has been applied in a study of the linear response properties of N 2 . The excitation energies, transition moments, static and dynamic dipole polarizabilities, magnetic susceptibility and nitrogen atom NMR shielding constant were analyzed. Several CGTO basis sets were used. With the largest CGTO basis set (124 functions) our TDHF results appear to be close to the Hartree-Fock response limits. For most of the low-lying excitation energies the MCTDHF calculation, which takes into account some valence shell correlation effects, yields results significantly improved with respect to TDHF. We present also the results for some higher lying excitations of particular interest for experimentalists, i.e. 1 Σ u + excitations 23–35 eV, the 1 Π u , excitation observed at ≈23 eV, and a 1 Π g transition observed at 31.4 eV. An analysis of the computed electric and magnetic properties indicates that they are strongly dependent on correlation corrections. The calculations of magnetic properties are the first to explicitly include correlation effects for a system this large.
Why Collaborate? Issue-Linkage and International Regimes

Why do nations create institutionalized modes of multilateral collaboration? How can common interests develop in the face of inequalities in power and asymmetries in interdependence? The author explores the role of knowledge in the definition of political objectives and interests. The systematic interplay of changing knowledge and changing objectives results in the redefinition of “issues” and the practice of “issue linkage.” The dynamics of issue-linkage, in turn, tell us something about international regimes for the management of progressively more complex issue areas. An ideal-typical “regime” is described, theoretically applicable to all types of issues. Since the cognitive attributes of the actors who set up such a regime cannot be expected to remain stable, this concept of a “regime” can illuminate cliscussion and analysis, but cannot be expected to provide a clear model for desirable policy. However, it can illustrate the options open to policy makers wishing to choose a mode of collaboration. Regimes dealing with money, the oceans, and technology transfer are used for illustrative purposes.
On the Gurtin-MacCamy conjecture concerning the stability of a simple nonlinear age-dependent population model

Abstract The conjecture that an age-dependent population model, involving a survival function dependent only on the population and a fertility function dependent on population and exponentially on age, could not entail Hopf bifurcation into stable orbits is shown to be incorrect.
Development of Mn-Cu shape memory alloys for repair applications

Abstract Presented in this paper are the results of an investigation into the shape memory properties of Mn-Cu alloys. The martensite to austenite transformation temperature was observed to range from -200°C to 200°C. The transformation temperature was found to be heavily dependent upon the copper content of the alloy. Dynamical mechanical test results were used to identify the temperature and magnitude of the transformation. The effect of repeated temperature and load cycles on the shape memory effect was investigated. Initial results indicate that the thermal and mechanical processing history of the alloy are very important in obtaining repeatable and desirable properties from the alloy.
Reflexivity, path dependence, and disequilibrium dynamics

George Soros's theory of reflectivity focuses on the interactions between expected, actual, and fundamental values of variables. The fundamental values are affected by the historically contingent paths of the other two variables so that the equilibrating process is turbulent, path dependent (nonergodic), and may give rise to extended disequilibrium boom-bust phases. Such patterns are consistent with classical and Keynesian ideas of equilibration, but they invalidate notions such as rational expectations and the efficient market. The purpose of this paper is to lay out Soros's theory and show that it can be formalized in a simple and general manner with testable propositions.
The prediction and characterization of YshA, an unknown outer membrane protein from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract We have developed an effective pathway for the prediction and characterization of novel transmembrane β-barrel proteins. The Freeman–Wimley algorithm, which is a highly accurate prediction method based on the physicochemical properties of experimentally characterized transmembrane β barrel (TMBB) structures, was used to predict TMBBs in the genome of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. The previously uncharacterized product of gene yshA was tested as a model for validating the algorithm. YshA is a highly conserved 230-residue protein that is predicted to have 10 transmembrane β-strands and an N-terminal signal sequence. All of the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties exhibited by YshA are consistent with the prediction that it is a TMBB. Specifically, recombinant YshA localizes to the outer membrane when expressed in Escherichia coli ; YshA has a β-sheet-rich secondary structure with stable tertiary contacts in the presence of detergent micelles or when reconstituted into a lipid bilayer. When in a lipid bilayer, YshA forms a membrane-spanning pore with an effective radius of ~ 0.7 nm. Taken together, these data substantiate the predictions made by the Freeman–Wimley algorithm by showing that YshA is a TMBB protein.
Development of Fracture Resistance Curves for Asphalt Concrete

To date, a significant portion of research investigating the fracture characteristics of asphalt concrete has consisted of calculating a single number. This number includes values such as the stress intensity factor, fracture energy, or the J-integral. Unfortunately, by using only a single number, it can be confounding to differentiate between different types of asphalt concrete mixtures, especially at different testing temperatures. This research used a common fracture analysis technique, called resistance curves, or R-curves, to construct fracture resistance curves that include fracture characteristics of asphalt concrete at multiple testing temperatures. Sets of R-curves were collected at three testing temperatures and joined together to form a single R-curve, encompassing fracture characteristics across a temperature range, similar to the concept of constructing master curves collected for dynamic modulus testing. The technique was developed using data collected from the disk-shaped compact tension testing geometry. The effect of polymer modification type, air voids, aggregate type, and asphalt cement content were analyzed. Using R-curves instead of a single number allowed for a deeper understanding of the fracture characteristics of asphalt concrete. Unlike previous research, it was found that the effect and type of polymer modification can be better understood using R-curves, 4% air voids have a higher cracking resistance versus 7% air voids, and energy specific turning points were found that can influence the choice of asphalt concrete material components by local and federal agencies. Although this study is a preliminary analysis of the use of fracture R-curves for the analysis of the cracking resistance of asphalt concrete, it does identify the potential power of this method.
Studies on the molecular weight and lipoprotein nature of glucose-6-phosphate solubilized rat brain hexokinase.

Treatment of brain mitochondria with glucose-6-P releases the hexokinase (ATP: d-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1), normally associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, in soluble form. The glucose-6-P solubilized enzyme sediments during sucrose density gradient centrifugation at a rate compatible with a molecular weight of approx. 100,000. In contrast, in agreement with the results of Craven and Basford [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255, 620 (1972)], the enzyme is eluted in the void volume when chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 in 0.3 m mannitol-0.1 mm EDTA, suggesting a molecular weight much greater than 100,000. The resolution of this paradox is found in the observation that glucose-6-P solubilized hexokinase and several other proteins behave anomalously when chromatographed under these conditions; thus, elution in the void volume is not a satisfactory basis for estimating molecular weight. The glucose-6-P solubilized enzyme can be rebound to the mitochondria in the presence of added divalent cation. Phospholipase C treatment of the enzyme greatly hinders this reassociation but has no effect on hexokinase activity, suggesting the involvement of phospholipid in the interaction of the enzyme with the mitochondria. Based on the observation that sedimentation through a sucrose density gradient does not decrease binding ability, it is suggested that the required phospholipid is bound to the enzyme. After purification to homogeneity, however, the enzyme does not contain appreciable lipid (<0.7 mole phospholipid per mole enzyme), nor can it be rebound to mitochondria. Apparently the lipid, required for binding, is dissociated during purification. The potential significance of lipid in determining the intracellular distribution of the enzyme is discussed.
Unresolved question of the 10He ground state resonance

The ground state of (10)He was populated using a 2p2n-removal reaction from a 59 MeV/u (14)Be beam. The decay energy of the three-body system, (8)He+n+n, was measured and a resonance was observed at E=1.60(25) MeV with a 1.8(4) MeV width. This result is in agreement with previous invariant mass spectroscopy measurements, using the (11)Li(-p) reaction, but is inconsistent with recent transfer reaction results. The proposed explanation that the difference, about 500 keV, is due to the effect of the extended halo nature of (11)Li in the one-proton knockout reaction is no longer valid as the present work demonstrates that the discrepancy between the transfer reaction results persists despite using a very different reaction mechanism, (14)Be(-2p2n).
Linkages between tourism and agriculture in Mexico

Establishing linkages between tourism demand for food and local agricultural production is critical in maximizing host country benefits. Drawing on surveys of Cancun hotels and Yucatan Peninsula tourists, as well as interviews with chefs, food suppliers, farmers, ejido comisariados and urban immigrants, this study takes a holistic approach to analyzing existing linkages between tourism and agriculture in Quintana Roo and understanding factors constraining the development of linkages. The article contends that tourism and agriculture linkages in Quintana Roo are weak due several constraining factors examined in depth. Conclusions suggest areas of potential for fostering linkages.
Simulating cavitating liquid jets using a compressible and equilibrium two-phase flow solver

Abstract In internal combustion engines the injection of high-pressure liquid fuel into a low-pressure gas through a nozzle passage is an important process to atomize the liquid and achieve optimal fuel–air mixing. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed in the present work to simulate the internal- and external-nozzle flow fields in an integrated way. The model assumes that the flow within and near the nozzle is continuous, and an Eulerian flow solver is developed using the general conservation laws of fluid dynamics. Differences in the thermodynamic states of the liquid and gas phases are modeled with a Stiffened Gas Equation of State (EOS). A practical phase equilibrium solver is developed, and is implemented into the Eulerian flow solver to predict phase changes in the flows – in particular, cavitation of the liquid within the injector nozzle passage. The combined equilibrium solver is applied to single-component and two component flows with one component being non-condensable air. A number of test problems are simulated to verify the numerical methods and validate the proposed models. These include two-phase shock tube problems, a converging–diverging nozzle flow problem, a submerged liquid jet problem, and a cavitating liquid jet problem.
A water-depth correction algorithm for submerged vegetation spectra

The substantial difference between the reflectance values at the red and the near-infrared (NIR) regions has been used to develop vegetation indices for remote sensing of green plants. These spectral indices, however, may not effectively be used for underwater plants because the overlying water interferes with the upwelling vegetation signals. We empirically separated the energy absorbed by water and scattered from the water column using an indoor water tank with hypothetical surfaces that either reflect or absorb all the incoming light. Using the experimental data, a function was developed to correct reflectance measured from a shallow water body for the water effects. When applied to independently measured reflectance of underwater vegetation, the algorithm significantly enhanced vegetation signals, especially in the NIR region. This experimentally driven algorithm can improve mapping capabilities of seagrass beds and invasive aquatics in shallow water bodies.
Signal enhancement in CRAZED experiments

Abstract Many of the promising applications of the CRAZED (COSY Revamped with Asymmetric Z-gradient Echo Detection) experiments are in biomedical and clinical technologies. In tissue, however, signal from the typical CRAZED experiment is largely limited by transverse relaxation. When relaxation is included, the maximum achievable signal from a prototypical CRAZED sequence, in the linear regime, is proportional to T2/τd. This means that for samples with a short T2, as encountered in vivo, signals from intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences (iMQCs) reach very diminished signal intensities. While relaxation is generally regarded as a fundamental constraint, we show here that when T2 is short but T1 is long, as in tissue, there are simple sequence modifications that can increase signal beyond the T2 limit. To better utilize the available signal intensity from iMQCs we propose a method to substitute part of the transverse magnetization with the longitudinally modulated magnetization. In this paper we show, with both simulations and experimental results, that in the presence of strong transverse relaxation the standard CRAZED scheme is not the optimal method for observing iMQCs, and can be improved upon with simple modifications.
Gap junctions between astrocytes during growth and differentiation in organ culture systems

Fetal rat neocortex maintained in organ culture systems with the use of sponge foam matrices and millipore filter platforms undergoes growth and cytodifferentiation along classical neuronal and glial lines up to 36 days in vitro (DIV). Astrocytic differentiation is characterized by accumulation of 80–90 A glial filaments in the cell bodies and processes of astrocytes. Gap or nexus junctions closely resembling those formed in mammalian brain in situ are identified by 15 DIV. By 36 DIV, interastrocytic gap junctions are numerous and frequently join extensive lengths of adjacent glial plasma membranes. The results suggest that these organ culture systems may provide a favorable environment for the study of cellular structure and function of coupled neuroglia.
SYNTHETIC RED BLOOD CELLS FROM LIPID ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN

Abstract Synthetic red blood cells have been formed by microencapsulating hemoglobin solutions in lipid mixtures. The synthetic cells are stable, being somewhat stronger than normal red blood cells, can be tailored to have the same electrophoretic mobilities, and are somewhat smaller than normal red cells. They exhibit essentially the same oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying characteristics as normal red cells and do not appear to interact with natural blood in-vivo. In experiments involving complete replacement of natural blood in test animals, life has been sustained and no side effects have been observed.
The flavonoid luteolin induces nitric oxide production and arterial relaxation

Luteolin, a flavone present in many foods and medicinal plants, may have beneficial effects on various human chronic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that luteolin can directly act on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), leading to nitric oxide (NO) production and subsequent vascular relaxation. Rat aortic rings were mounted in organ bath. Luteolin was added cumulatively, and vessel relaxation of rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) or potassium was recorded. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser1177 and NO production from aortic rings and primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to luteolin were measured by using Western blot and fluorometric assay, respectively. Luteolin dose-dependently (10–100 μmol/L) elicited relaxation of PE- or potassium-contracted aortic rings. The vasorelaxation effect of luteolin was attenuated by the eNOS inhibitor, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, suggesting that this luteolin action is at least partially mediated by activating eNOS activity. We further found that luteolin dose-dependently (10–100 μmol/L) increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 (up to 1.9-fold) in isolated rat rings. Consistently, exposure of HAECs to luteolin also increased eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. Luteolin may be a vascular protective agent by directly acting on vascular ECs to stimulate NO-dependent vascular dilatation.
Information-centric delay-tolerant mobile ad-hoc networks

Information-centric networks have recently been drawing increasing attention in academia as well as in industry. Information and content retrieval is a critical service for mobile ad-hoc networks. It relies on other resources and tools, such as internal storage, content searching and sharing, delay-tolerant delivery, etc. Previous studies have shown that social networking can assist delay-tolerant routing design in many respects. In this paper, we specifically address content retrieval in delay-tolerant mobile ad-hoc networks. We propose a social-tie based content retrieval scheme to support the delay-tolerant MANET. The social hierarchy is structured using balanced connectivity criteria and a K-mean clustering algorithm. The proposed scheme has been evaluated and validated on a real social network dataset. Keywords—social network forwarding; information-centric network; delay-tolerant mobile ad-hoc network
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF POSTERIOR PREDICTIVE MODEL CHECKING FOR ASSESSING FIT OF COMMON ITEM RESPONSE THEORY MODELS

Model checking in item response theory (IRT) is an underdeveloped area. No unanimous model checking tool exists in this field even for the simple models, not to speak of the recently suggested complicated models. The posterior predictive model checking method (Guttman, 1967; Rubin, 1981, 1984) is a popular Bayesian model checking tool because of its simplicity, strong theoretical basis, intuitive appeal, and ability to provide graphical evidence. This paper applies the method to a number of real data examples. An important issue with the application of the posterior predictive model checking method is the choice of discrepancy measures (which are like the test statistics in classical hypothesis testing). This paper also uses the discrepancy measures that are found useful in Sinharay and Johnson (2003). The posterior predictive model checking method seems to be promising in detecting different types of misfit of the common IRT models in real applications.
Examining intergenerational violence: violent role modeling or weak parental controls?

Family violence research has uncovered a positive relationship between parental violence and children's later involvement in intimate violence. In a similar vein, criminology's social control theory suggests that weak or absent parental controls are associated with a variety of delinquent acts. Little research, however, investigates the link between parental violence, parental controls, and dating violence. This article asks two research questions: How is inter-parental violence associated with parent-child attachments, monitoring, adolescent dating, attitudes toward violence, and dating violence? And second, are there independent and interactive effects of inter-parental violence, and parental controls on dating violence offending and attitudes towards violence? Dating violence offending is significantly associated with witnessed inter-parental violence, high dating frequency, and low parental monitoring. Attitudes towards violence are associated with witnessed inter-parental violence, lower parental attachment, and the interaction of witnessed inter-parental violence and parental attachment. The implications for role modeling and social control theory are discussed. Language: en
Manipulating microobject by using liquid droplet as a transporting vehicle

Liquid droplets are proposed as transport vehicles for manipulating microobjects. An atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is used as a gripper to pick-up a droplet and then a particle from a hydrophobic substrate. The droplet and the particle are then released to a hydrophilic substrate from the cantilever. During the pick-up and release, the liquid bridge that formed between the gripper and the substrate is studied. The efficiency of micromanipulation is quantified by the term "volumetric distribution ratio," which is the liquid volume retained by the substrate divided by the whole volume of the droplet during the rupture of the liquid bridge. Based on the theoretical analysis, an optimized micromanipulation is suggested which could achieve 100% efficiency by carefully controlling the wetting properties of the gripper and the substrate.
Psychiatric Symptoms as a Predictor of Sexual Aggression among Male College Students

The goal of this investigation was to examine psychiatric symptoms as predictors of the frequency and severity of sexually aggressive behaviors that had been perpetrated by college-aged men in the past year. Over 400 undergraduate males completed an assessment of sexual aggression, athletic involvement, fraternity affiliation, alcohol and drug use, mistrust of women, depression, and social anxiety. More than 40% of the undergraduate men reported having participated in some form of sexual aggression within the past 12 months, 6% of whom reported having attempted or completed rape. Sexually aggressive behavior (both frequency and severity) was predicted by alcohol use, mistrust of women, and social anxiety. Results are the first to indicate that psychiatric symptoms might contribute to sexual aggression among college men.
The classic and nonclassic concenital adrenal hyperplasias.

ABSTRACT Objective: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Adrenal Scientific Committee has developed a series of articles to update members on the genetics of adrenal diseases. Methods: Case presentation, discussion of literature, table, and bullet point conclusions. Results: The congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) syndromes are autosomal recessive defects in cortisol biosynthesis. The phenotype of each CAH patient depends on the defective enzyme and the severity of the defect. Clinical manifestations derive from both failure to synthesize hormones distal to the enzymatic block, as well as consequences from cortisol precursor accumulation proximal to the block, often with diversion to other biologically active steroids. The most common form of CAH is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which occurs in the classic form in 1 in 16,000 newborns and in a milder or nonclassic form in at least 1 in 1,000 people. Conclusion: This article reviews the various forms of CAH and pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Abbreviations: 11OHD = 11-hydroxylase deficiency 17OHD = 17-hydroxylase deficiency 17OHP = 17-hydroxyprogesterone 21OHD = 21-hydroxylase deficiency 3βHSD = 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase CAH = congenital adrenal hyperplasia CST = cosyntropin stimulation test CYP17A1 = cytochrome P450 17A1 (steroid 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) DHEAS = dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DSD = disorder of sex development LCAH = lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia NBS = newborn screening NCAH = nonclassic CAH PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome PORD = P450-oxidoreductase deficiency
Simplified sublaminate analysis of composites and applications

Abstract An accurate estimate of interlaminar stresses is crucial to understanding as well as predicting many delamination related damages in composite materials. Simplified analytical models … the ply-by-ply bending, the sublaminate bending, and the sublaminate membrane models with decreasing level of complexity are developed to obtain these stresses. These models are based on a bending theory developed earlier. This theory incorporates all the essential physical effects and appears to be an adequate model for predicting the behavior of individual layers in equilibrium. In order to assess the accuracy of these models, three problems are solved: the stress induced in the free edge region of a (0, 90) s laminate in uniform extension, the stress analysis of a compression specimen with end tabs, and the analysis and design of a doublecrack-lap shear type fracture specimen. The results of the free-edge problem are in excellent agreement with the existing numerical solutions, analyses of previously tested compression specimens provide a plausible explanation of observed behavior, and the double-lap fracture specimen behaves as designed. The proposed models are suitable to parametric design-related studies, and according to the need a specific model can be more appropriate.
Resting energy expenditure and adiposity accretion among children with Down syndrome: a 3-year prospective study.

Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is associated with intellectual disability, and many medical conditions1–3. Up to 30% of children with DS are obese (BMI-for-age ≥95th percentile)4, 5, representing a higher prevalence than children without DS (17%)6 and children with other intellectual disabilities (12 – 30%)4, 7. One recent population based study in the Netherlands found that children with DS were twice as likely to be obese as children who did not have DS (4.2% vs 1.8% for boys; 5.1% vs 2.2% for girls)8. Anecdotal studies provide estimates of obesity among children with DS ranging from 18.8 to 31%9, 10. As life expectancy has increased for individuals with DS over the past decades, the health complications associated with excess adiposity such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are becoming more significant concerns11, 12. Furthermore, individuals with disabilities, in general, suffer from significant disparities in obesity burden and medical management, and there is less research conducted with this population13. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that lead to obesity among people with DS. Lower resting energy expenditure (REE) relative to body size and composition is one mechanism that may predispose individuals to excessive weight gain. Small differences in REE could potentially accumulate over time and contribute to significant excessive weight gain, but previous studies of REE and weight gain for children have yielded mixed results9, 14–22. Previous studies suggesting lower REE in children with DS23–25 had some limitations, such as small sample size, lack of a control group, not controlling for other family factors related to obesity, possible recruitment bias of control families without DS (control families with no children with DS may participate for different reasons than families of a child with DS), and technical difficulties in REE measurements (excess movement during measurement procedure). Furthermore, with the exception of one study with a one year follow-up24, these studies were cross-sectional and did not investigate whether lower REE was predictive of weight and adiposity gain over time. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether children with DS showed differences in baseline REE that contributed to changes in fat mass (FM) over a three-year follow up. We hypothesized that: 1) REE, adjusted for FFM, would be lower in children with DS than in sibling controls, 2) changes in FM over the three year period would be associated with baseline REE, adjusted for baseline FFM, baseline FM, sex, and age. A secondary aim was to explore potential mechanisms that could explain why children with DS have a lower REE such as higher FM and lower thyroid function that are typical of children with DS compared with children without DS1, 2, 4, 7, 26. While FFM is the primary contributor to REE, FM does explain some additional variance in REE, especially in obese subjects27–29.
School Emergency Planning: Early Lessons

(1983). School Emergency Planning: Early Lessons. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 82-85.
Comparative molecular dynamics study of fcc-Ni nanoplate stress corrosion in water

Abstract Reactive molecular dynamics studies of stress corrosion properties of Ni metal nanoplate structures in pressurized water at different temperatures, chemical environments and mechanical boundary conditions have been performed. The results indicate reduction of dislocation nucleation barriers due to the water reactions on material surfaces, simulated loading rate and elevated temperature, resulting in reduction of material strength and ductility. It is also found that pre-oxidized surfaces yield increased initial dislocation nucleation barriers. Likewise, significant effects of stress triaxiality on strength, ductility and surface reactivity are also observed by comparison of boundary conditions. Size dependent structure failure modes and distributions of stress and strain have been explored. A possible Ni dissolution mechanism is identified and validated using DFT calculations and metadynamics simulations.
Boomerang-Shaped Heart in Isolated Dextroversion

A 46-year-old female with recurrent syncope and sinus arrest documented on an implanted loop recorder was referred for implantation of pacemaker. Initial attempts at lead deployment were unsuccessful due to an abnormal cardiac anatomy so cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination was obtained to define the anatomy. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed dextrocardia with the apices of both ventricles positioned in the right hemithorax. The liver, lung, and …
Biopharmaceutical production : Applications of surface plasmon resonance biosensors

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) permits the quantitative analysis of therapeutic antibody concentrations and impurities including bacteria, Protein A, Protein G and small molecule ligands leached from chromatography media. The use of surface plasmon resonance has gained popularity within the biopharmaceutical industry due to the automated, label free, real time interaction that may be exploited when using this method. The application areas to assess protein interactions and develop analytical methods for biopharmaceutical downstream process development, quality control, and in-process monitoring are reviewed.
Investigating the U.S. Job Market for Hospitality Educators Before, During, and After a Period of Economic Downturn: An Overview of 2006–2010

This study analyzes hospitality faculty position announcements that were published in the Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education Communique during the period of spring 2006 to spring 2010. It also considers the impact of the economic downturn on the job market for hospitality educators in the United States during this period and further examines available data beyond the downturn. In comparison with past trends, the results indicate that the period of economic downturn and its aftermath possibly had a major identifiable impact on the quantity of hospitality faculty position announcements. Regardless, the findings show a pattern of growing demands on faculty selection criteria. An increasing number of jobs announced during this period required a terminal degree (Ph.D.), teaching experience in two or more subject areas, and relevant industry experience. The emphasis on research experience emerged as a relatively new criterion when compared with the findings of past similar studies.
Oropharyngeal cancer: the role of chemotherapy.

Successful management of squamous cell cancer of the oropharynx must address two, sometimes conflicting, treatment goals. The first goal is disease eradication, and the second is preservation of oropharyngeal function. For early cancers, definitive surgical excision often represents the most effective and least morbid approach. When surgery is likely to result in functional deficits of speech or swallowing, definitive radiation therapy can also be used successfully. Often the choice of treatment modality is based on institutional expertise and bias. However, for the more frequent patients with advanced disease, treatment choices become more complex. Historically, surgery and radiation therapy have been used together, often with suboptimal control of locoregional disease and significant long-term functional deficits, reflecting surgical excision, radiationinduced long-term toxicities, and any initial functional impairment resulting from the tumor. The addition of systemic chemotherapy to definitive radiation has now been demonstrated to produce a significant survival benefit for patients with advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer originating in the oropharynx and elsewhere. Although there are still specific indications for primary surgical resection, the use of chemotherapy and radiation has become a standard of care for the management of patients with this disease, with surgery often reserved for salvage of those who fail definitive nonoperative treatment. Debate continues as to the best tolerated and most successful combination of chemotherapy drugs, radiation fractionation schema, and coordination of treatment modalities; however, a reproducible survival benefit has been demonstrated only for the concomitant, platinum-based treatment schedules. The focus of future investigation must be on optimizing these multimodality approaches, minimizing toxicities and functional deficits while maximizing treatment success. It is hoped that the addition of the newer therapeutic approaches, including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition and gene therapy, may further improve the results of more traditional treatment combinations. Continued enrollment of patients in well-designed and conducted clinical trials is of paramount importance.
Updated Research on Group Work: Educators, Course Work, Theory, and Teaching Methods

Abstract Results of a national survey provide additional insights into the nature and extent of group counselor training. The implications for reconciling practice and professional standards are discussed.
Nonspecific Recognition Is Achieved in Pot1pC through the Use of Multiple Binding Modes.

Summary Pot1 is the protein responsible for binding to and protecting the 3′ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang at most eukaryotic telomeres. Here, we present the crystal structure of one of the two oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding folds (Pot1pC) that make up the ssDNA-binding domain in S. pombe Pot1. Comparison with the homologous human domain reveals unexpected structural divergence in the mode of ligand binding that explains the differing ligand requirements between species. Despite the presence of apparently base-specific hydrogen bonds, Pot1pC is able to bind a wide range of ssDNA sequences with thermodynamic equivalence. To address how Pot1pC binds ssDNA with little to no specificity, multiple structures of Pot1pC bound to noncognate ssDNA ligands were solved. These structures reveal that this promiscuity is implemented through new binding modes that thermodynamically compensate for base-substitutions through alternate stacking interactions and new H-bonding networks.
Is it better to treat chronic hepatitis B as early as possible?—Con

Ideally, treatment of chronic hepatitis B in its early stage prior to irreversible liver damage should be most effective in preventing adverse clinical outcome. However, currently available treatments have low efficacy in achieving sustained response among patients in the early phase of chronic hepatitis B infection when the immune response to hepatitis B virus is weak. This review will provide evidence why a 'wait and monitor' approach is appropriate for chronic hepatitis B patients who are in the immune tol- erant phase. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
A ‘stitched’ flexible light weight multilayer 16×16 antenna array on LCP

This paper presents a light weight multilayer 14 GHz antenna array on an organic LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) substrate. The antenna structure includes a two layer corporate feed network, which is partially embedded, connected with vias, otherwise known as ‘stitched’. First, using 4×4 microstrip patch arrays as the unit array, a 6.5° beam steer is observed when a 90° phase difference is applied to a 4×8 antenna array. The stitched 4×8 antenna array has a 3 dB beamwidth of 12° and a maximum gain of 15.4 dB with no phase shift, and the gain drops to 13 dB with a phase shift. Next, a 16×16 antenna has been constructed applying the stitching concept. The results show a 3 dB beamwidth of 6° and a 16.8 dB of gain.
Stacked silicon CMOS circuits with a 40-Mb/s through-silicon optical interconnect

Optical interconnection through stacked silicon foundry complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry has been demonstrated at a data rate of over 40 Mb/s with an open eye diagram. The system consists of a 0.8-/spl mu/m transmitter and receiver realized in foundry digital CMOS. The use of digital CMOS enables on-chip integration with more complex digital systems, such as a microprocessor. Two layers of these circuits were integrated with thin-film InP-based light emitting diodes and metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors operating at 1.3 /spl mu/m (to which the silicon is transparent) to enable vertical optical through-Si-communication between the stacked silicon circuits.
On international financial spillovers to frontier markets

We explore the degree to which stock index returns and conditional volatility of 21 frontier markets were affected by fluctuations on the US stock market between December 1st 2005 and January 15th 2010. We find weak, positive return spillovers from the USA to 17 frontier markets. For four countries, Jordan, Lebanon, Nigeria, and Kenya, we find weak negative return spillovers from the USA, implying possible diversification opportunities. For 13 markets, the influence of past local shocks is greater than the influence of current shocks from the USA, and for 16 markets, local past volatility has stronger impact than volatility from the USA.