cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unmixing AVHRR imagery to assess clearcuts and forest regrowth in Oregon

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer imagery provides frequent and low-cost coverage of the Earth, but its coarse spatial resolution (1.1 km by 1.1 km) does not lend itself to standard techniques of automated categorization of land cover classes because the pixels are generally mixed; that is, the extent of the pixel includes several land use/cover classes. Unmixing procedures were developed to extract land use/cover class signatures from mixed pixels, using Landsat Thematic Mapper data as a source for the training set, and to estimate fractions of class coverage within pixels. Application of these unmixing procedures to mapping forest clearcuts and regrowth in Oregon indicated that unmixing is a promising approach for mapping major trends in land cover with AVHRR bands 1 and 2. Including thermal bands by unmixing AVHRR bands 1-4 did not lead to significant improvements in accuracy, but experiments with unmixing these four bands did indicate that use of weighted least squares techniques might lead to improvements in other applications of unmixing. >
The hem of the embryonic cerebral cortex is defined by the expression of multiple Wnt genes and is compromised in Gli3-deficient mice

In the developing vertebrate CNS, members of the Wnt gene family are characteristically expressed at signaling centers that pattern adjacent parts of the neural tube. To identify candidate signaling centers in the telencephalon, we isolated Wnt gene fragments from cDNA derived from embryonic mouse telencephalon. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that one of the isolated Wnt genes, Wnt7a, is broadly expressed in the embryonic telencephalon. By contrast, three others, Wnt3a, 5a and a novel mouse Wnt gene, Wnt2b, are expressed only at the medial edge of the telencephalon, defining the hem of the cerebral cortex. The Wnt-rich cortical hem is a transient, neuron-containing, neuroepithelial structure that forms a boundary between the hippocampus and the telencephalic choroid plexus epithelium (CPe) throughout their embryonic development. Indicating a close developmental relationship between the cortical hem and the CPe, Wnt gene expression is upregulated in the cortical hem both before and just as the CPe begins to form, and persists until birth. In addition, although the cortical hem does not show features of differentiated CPe, such as expression of transthyretin mRNA, the CPe and cortical hem are linked by shared expression of members of the Bmp and Msx gene families. In the extra-toesJ (XtJ) mouse mutant, telencephalic CPe fails to develop. We show that Wnt gene expression is deficient at the cortical hem in XtJ/XtJ mice, but that the expression of other telencephalic developmental control genes, including Wnt7a, is maintained. The XtJ mutant carries a deletion in Gli3, a vertebrate homolog of the Drosophila gene cubitus interruptus (ci), which encodes a transcriptional regulator of the Drosophila Wnt gene, wingless. Our observations indicate that Gli3 participates in Wnt gene regulation in the vertebrate telencephalon, and suggest that the loss of telencephalic choroid plexus in XtJ mice is due to defects in the cortical hem that include Wnt gene misregulation.
Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Closure in Very Preterm Infants: Feasibility and Complications

Background Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in term neonates is established, but data regarding outcomes in infants born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) are minimal, and no published criteria exist establishing a minimal weight of 4 kg as a suitable cutoff. We sought to analyze outcomes of percutaneous PDA occlusion in infants born very preterm and referred for PDA closure at weights <4 kg. Methods and Results Retrospective analysis (January 2005–January 2014) was done at a single pediatric center. Procedural successes and adverse events were recorded. Markers of respiratory status (need for mechanical ventilation) were determined, with comparisons made before and after catheterization. A total of 52 very preterm infants with a median procedural weight of 2.9 kg (range 1.2–3.9 kg) underwent attempted PDA closure. Twenty‐five percent (13/52) of infants were <2.5 kg. Successful device placement was achieved in 46/52 (88%) of infants. An adverse event occurred in 33% of cases, with an acute arterial injury the most common complication. We observed no association between weight at time of procedure and the risk of an adverse event. No deaths were attributable to the PDA closure. Compared to precatheterization trends, percutaneous PDA closure resulted in improved respiratory status, including less exposure to mechanical ventilation (mixed effects logistic model, P <0.01). Conclusions Among infants born very preterm, percutaneous PDA closure at weights <4 kg is generally safe and may improve respiratory health, but risk of arterial injury is noteworthy. Randomized clinical trials are needed to assess clinically relevant differences in outcomes following percutaneous PDA closure versus alternative (surgical ligation) management strategies.
Analogs of microgravity: head-down tilt and water immersion

This article briefly reviews the fidelity of ground-based methods used to simulate human existence in weightlessness (spaceflight). These methods include horizontal bed rest (BR), head-down tilt bed rest (HDT), head-out water immersion (WI), and head-out dry immersion (DI; immersion with an impermeable elastic cloth barrier between subject and water). Among these, HDT has become by far the most commonly used method, especially for longer studies. DI is less common but well accepted for long-duration studies. Very few studies exist that attempt to validate a specific simulation mode against actual microgravity. Many fundamental physical, and thus physiological, differences exist between microgravity and our methods to simulate it, and between the different methods. Also, although weightlessness is the salient feature of spaceflight, several ancillary factors of space travel complicate Earth-based simulation. In spite of these discrepancies and complications, the analogs duplicate many responses to 0 G reasonably well. As we learn more about responses to microgravity and spaceflight, investigators will continue to fine-tune simulation methods to optimize accuracy and applicability.
Structure and Properties of Rapidly Solidified Nitinol Materials

Ti 50 -(Pd (x) -Ni (50-x) ) alloys were prepared with Pd ranging from 18 at% to 22%. Both hot-rolled strips and melt-spun ribbons were fabricated. Heat treatments from 400°C to 1000eC were evaluated. It was found that the meltspun ribbons demonstrated much higher transformation temperatures than those of as-cast materials. However, the hot-rolled strips failed to display a shape memory effect, as well as those ribbons with 18 at.% and 20% Pd.
Evaluation of the Patient with Sudden Cardiac Death

Sudden cardiac death is defined as death from natural causes that occurs within one hour of the patient's collapse. Public education programs and the proliferation of rapidly deployable community life-support teams have resulted in the ability to deliver emergency medical care to many patients who suffer a cardiac arrest and who otherwise would have died suddenly. This article reviews the diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management of the patient who has survived a cardiac arrest.
Measuring and Evaluating Changes in State Opinion Across Eight Issues

Is state opinion stable or dynamic? Do states exhibit similar or divergent trends? I answer these questions by creating dynamic measures of state opinion using multilevel regression, imputation, an...
Influnce of Insulin on Uptake of Monosaccharides by the isolated Rat Diaphragm

SummaryThe influence of d-tubocurarine, two central nervous system depressants (pentobarbital and chloral hydrate) and two central nervous system stimulants (pentylenetetrazol and 5-ethyl-5-(1,3 dimethylbutyl) barbituric acid) on the concentrations of inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine, and ATP in the cerebrum of the rhesus monkey has been investigated. d-Tubocurarine was the only one of these compounds to produce any statistically significant effect. With this agent there was a singnificant decrease in phosphocreatine content without any alteration in inorganic phosphate or ATP.
The Cartographic Impulse: Certeau’s Transversality, Foucault’s Panoptic Discourse, Cusa’s Empiricism, and Google’s New World

Through his rigorous examinations of the common, the quotidian, the personal, the plural practices that establish and continually transform societies, Michel de Certeau develops a conception of culture born of the perpetual transgression, however subtle or pronounced, of the boundaries imposed by all ordering and totalizing systems, whether theoretical or social. This view of culture as a “cutting across” of boundaries, which can be found in many forms throughout his work, achieves a special significance for the study of subjectification in his discussion of “Spatial Practices” that comprises the third section of The Practice of Everyday Life. In an important essay on Certeau’s theory of space, Ian Buchanan argues that “our understanding of culture must commence with an understanding of the formation of the subject,” and that the latter is addressed by Certeau through his essays on space (129-30). Following this assertion, we want to argue that Certeau’s analyses of spatial practices in Heterologies, “The Gaze: Nicholas of Cusa,” and The Practice of Everyday Life (particularly the chapter “Walking in the City,” 91–110), outline a theory that explains subjectivity as what amounts to, as Certeau puts it in Culture in the Plural, “a composition of places and the innovation that modifies it by dint of moving and cutting across them” (146). By articulating the close relationships between Certeau’s spatial theory and our own work on transversal movement, we hope to show that the method of analysis Certeau employs in “Walking in the City” (and describes in several other works) is itself marked by the “transversal” tactics that his theory illustrates.1
Minocycline inhibits BV-2 cell activation by regulating P2X7 receptor

AIM: To explore the role of P2X7 receptor in inhibition of lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cell activation by minocycline. METHODS: BV-2 cells were divided into 5 groups: control group,LPS group,LPS+ 0. 1 μmol /L Mino group,LPS + 1 μmol /L Mino group and LPS + 10 μmol /L Mino group. The expression of P2X7 receptor was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the microglia culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. The morphological changes of the cells were also observed. RESULTS: After exposed to LPS,the expression of P2X7 receptor increased in BV-2 cells at mRNA and protein levels. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the microglia culture supernatants also increased. Meanwhile,0. 1 ~ 10 μmol /L minocycline inhibited those changes in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Minocycline inhibits the activation of microglia. The mechanism may be related to the P2X7 receptor.
Stress Ulcers: Current Understanding of Pathogenesis and Prophylaxis

Stress-related gastrointestinal bleeding is known to occur in approximately 25 percent of untreated seriously ill patients, but with appropriate prophylaxis is largely preventable. Since the treatment of stress bleeding is generally unsatisfactory and has a high mortality, routine prophylaxis should be instituted for susceptible patients. Multiple mechanisms contribute to stress ulcer formation, the most important of which appear to be mucosal ischemia and the inability to control back-diffused hydrogen. Antacids and histamine2-blocking agents are presently the cornerstone of effective prophylaxis, but because they have been implicated as contributors to nosocomial pneumonias due to bacterial overgrowth in the stomach, investigation is ongoing into such alternative prophylactic agents as sucralfate and prostaglandins that do not alter the normal gastric acidity. This article presents a review of the literature on the development and prevention of stress ulcer disease.
Cationic antimicrobial protein of Mr 37 kDa: a multifunctional inflammatory protein.

Purpose To investigate the role of cationic antimicrobial protein of Mr 37 kDa (CAP37) a neutrophil-derived inflammatory mediator on endothelial cell function. Data sources Endothelial cells used in this study were obtained from human lung microvessels and rat aorta. The latter was a kind gift of Dr. Paula Grammas. The mono-mac 6 cell line used in this study was the generous gift of Dr. H.W. Loms Ziegler-Heitbrock. Study selection and data extraction Endothelial cell proteins kinase C activity was determined by measuring calcium- and phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of histone. Endothelial cell migration was determined using Costar Transwell apparatus. Cell surface expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 was determined using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to amplify the CAP37 from endothelial cells treated with LPS. Results We demonstrated that CAP37 which was originally identified as having potent antimicrobial activity and chemotactic activity for monocytes was capable of modulating endothelial cell functions. CAP37 activated endothelial cell protein kinase C in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Importantly CAP37 increased the adhesive properties of the endothelium for monocytes. CAP37 upregulated the well known adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, CAP37 promoted endothelial cell migration. Further investigations indicated that CAP37 was induced in endothelial cells in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 alpha as well as inflammatory mediators such as lipopolysaccharide. Unstimulated endothelial cells did not constitutively express CAP37. The cDNA sequence of endothelial CAP37 was determined and found to be highly homologous to the sequence obtained for neutrophil-derived CAP37. Conclusions Our studies strongly suggest that CAP37 plays a pivotal role in monocyte-endothelial interactions and the transmigration of monocytes from the vasculature into extravascular tissues.
An experience in teaching adolescent group psychotherapy: observers become participants.

(1976). An Experience in Teaching Adolescent Group Psychotherapy: Observers Become Participants. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 441-453.
It Is Time to Invite Patients to the Physical Activity Party

Physical activity is associated with a myriad of health benefits relevant to adults who commonly receive rehabilitation. Unfortunately, the prescription for exercise and overall activity still continues to be overlooked, which is a missed opportunity because those receiving rehabilitation are most likely to benefit from the effects of physical activity. The purpose of this supplement is to fill this knowledge gap by featuring articles that examine the efficacy of physical activity, and describe mechanisms underlying changes in physical activity and how physical activity in rehabilitation populations fits within broader medical and public health frameworks.
Unexpected High Rates of Corrosion Related Revisions: Short-Term Results of the Modular Neck Rejuvenate Stem

Background: The Rejuvenate modular neck stem (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) was recently recalled due to corrosion at the neck-stem junction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of corrosion related failures and survivorship of this implant, and analyze the correlation between the implant and patient factors with serum metal ion levels. Material and Methods: Between June 2009 and July 2012, 123 Rejuvenate stems (97 modular and 26 non-modular) THAs were implanted in 104 patients by a single surgeon via a modified anterolateral approach. Serum Cobalt (Co) and Chromium (Cr) levels (microgram per liter [μg/L]) were obtained in all patients. In cases of elevated serum metal ion levels or symptomatic hip, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of osteolysis or adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR). Correlation between implant factors (implant size, head size, head length, offset), patient factors (age, gender, BMI) with serum metal ion levels and revisions were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: The mean follow-up was 2.7 ± 0.6 years. The mean Co and Cr levels were 5.4 ± 5.7 μg/L (0.2–31) and 2.1 ± 1.5 μg/L (0.1–4.3), respectively. The differences between the Co and Cr levels in the two groups were statistically significant. 49% of THAs in the modular group had elevated metal ion levels (> 4.0 μg/L). There was a significant correlation between higher metal ion levels, younger age, and higher offset (p nd year after surgery. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 75% at the time of this study. Discussion and Conclusions: The short-term high rate of corrosion related revision with Rejuvenate modular neck stems is extremely alarming. We anticipate more revisions in the near future. Level of Evidence: Level III, Therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prostate Cancer: Role of Vav3 Overexpression in Development and Progression

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Cancer is a polygenic disease. Intensive investigations during last decades have led to identify more gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities associated with human prostate cancer, such as p53, PTEN, myc, Ras, PI3KCA, and androgen receptor (AR) genes. Recently, it was reported by Dong et al. (2006) that DNA oligonucleotide microarray analysis led to the identification of Vav3 oncogene overexpression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells compared with their androgendependent counterparts. Further analysis revealed that Vav3 is overexpressed in 32% of human prostate cancer. Given that Vav3 overexpression enhances ligand-dependent and ligand–independent AR activity and stimulates prostate cancer cell growth, these findings suggest a role of Vav3 overexpression in human prostate cancer. MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS OF Vav FAMILY PROTEINS
Optimal Geometry Designs for Unconstrained and Topologically-Constrained Multistatic Sensors

As sensor technology increases, the use of multistactic sensor systems containing a number of monostatic and/or bistatic links is becoming more feasible. The geometry of a multistatic system greatly affects overall performance, especially in terms of spatial resolution. This paper presents an algorithm for Cramer-Rao Lower Bound based sensor geometry design using steepest descent minimization of target location uncertainty. A free-space example is presented; then, the algorithm is extended to consider geometries of ground-based sensors constrained to different topological surfaces.
CO in distantly active comets

Activity of most comets near the Sun is dominated by sublimation of frozen water, the most abundant ice in comets. Some comets, however, are active well beyond the water-ice sublimation limit of ~3 AU. Three bodies dominate the observational record and modeling efforts for distantly active comets: the long-period comet C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp and the short-period comets (with Centaur orbits) 29P/Schwassmann Wachmann 1 and 2060 Chiron. We summarize what is known about these three objects emphasizing their gaseous comae. We calculate their CN/CO and CO2/CO production rate ratios from the literature and discuss implications. Using our own data we derive CO production rates for all three objects, in order to examine a correlation between gas production and different orbital histories and/or size. We find that orbital history does not appear to play a significant role in explaining 29P's CO production rates. 29P outproduces Hale-Bopp at the same heliocentric distance, even though it has been subjected to much more solar heating. Previous modeling work on such objects predicts that 29P should have been de-volatilized over a fresher comet like Hale-Bopp. This may point to 29P having a different orbital history than current models predict, with its current orbit acquired more recently. On the other hand, Chiron's CO measurements are consistent with it being significantly depleted over its original state, perhaps due to increased radiogenic heating made possible by its much larger size or its higher processing due to orbital history. Observed spectral line profiles are consistent with development and sublimation of icy grains at about 5-6 AU for 29P and Hale-Bopp, and this is probably a common feature in distantly active comets, and an important source of volatiles for all comets within 5 AU. In contrast, the narrow CO line profiles indicate a nuclear, and not extended, origin for CO beyond ~4 AU.
Vigabatrin (GVG) blocks optiate induced decreases in FDG uptake

1188 Objectives Opiate abuse is on the rise and the US alone has had a significant increase in first time users from 2008. Therefore, in an ongoing effort to develop vigabatrin (GVG) for the treatment of substance abuse, we examined its effects on morphine-induced changes in FDG uptake in adult animals using small animal PET. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8/group) were studied using an Inveon PET. All animals received baseline FDG scans. Group 1 animals received morphine treatment for 14 days beginning at a dose of 10 mg/kg (ip) and ending at a dose of 42.5 mg/kg (doses were escalated by 2.5 mg/kg/day). 24 hours following their last dose, animals received another FDG scan. Animals received FDG scans at 7, 14, and 28 days post treatment. Group 2 animals received the identical morphine regimen as Group 1 animals except they also received daily injections of vigabatrin (100 mg/kg). 24 hours following their last dose, animals received another FDG scan followed by subsequent FDG scans at 7, 14, and 28 days post treatment. Results A marked decrease in FDG uptake was noted in Group 1 animals in both cortical and subcortical structures. These decreases returned to normal values by 28 days post treatment. Group 2 animals, however, failed to show any significant decreases in FDG uptake in either cortical or subcortical structures throughout the scanning period of 28 days. Conclusions Vigabatrin inhibits morphine-induced decreases in FDG uptake in the brain. These data support the development of vigabatrin for the treatment of opiate dependence and withdrawal in adult populations. Perhaps most importantly, these data validate the use of functional imaging with FDG in behaving animals to understand the neural circuits that drive behavior, and provide a new platform to guide CNS drug development. Research Support Supported by K02 DA22346 and R01 DA15041 to SLD and PR02629 and DA02529 to WKS
WebEnabled Classification of SNPs for GenomeWide Association Studies

Whole genome association studies of the genetic underpinnings of complex phenotypes, and human diseases in particular, have been steadily gaining momentum over the past several years. Yet, the number of polymorphic sites in the human genome, including, but not limited to, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is so large that identifying the combination of these few that have a significant effect on the condition of interest remains an overwhelming task. In this manuscript we present a new networked solution, and a program GeneNAB implementing it, to the computational identification and ranking of SNPs likely to be relevant for the phenotype of interest, genome-wide. We expect that the output of this program will be useful to guide further laboratory and clinical studies of these SNPs.
Disease Risk and Host Factors, Not Transplant Type, Predict Outcome Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is considered the most potent post-remission antileukemic therapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), although these benefits must be balanced by the increased morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. We analyzed 172 consecutive acute leukemia patients transplanted in remission following a T cell-replete allogeneic HSCT from either a matched related, unrelated, or haploidentical marrow of PBSC donor, in order to look for patient-, disease-, and transplant-related factors associated with post-transplant outcomes. Patients were transplanted at a single institution between 3/15/06 to 12/19/14 and include 123 AML patients (CR1[94], CR2[28], CR3[1]) and 49 ALL patients (CR1[39], CR2[9], CR3[1]), median age 50 (range 19-74), median KPS 80 (70-90), median hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) 2 (range 1-11), disease risk index (DRI) low, intermediate, and high in 5, 130, and 37 patients respectively per the revised Dana Farber/CIBMTR criteria. Transplant type was matched related donor (MRD), matched unrelated donor (MUD) and haploidentical (haplo) in 54 (31%), 67 (39%), and 51 (30%) patients respectively. Myeloablative chemotherapy was utilized in 122 (71%) patients, and PBSC was the source of stem cells in 142 (83%) patients. Compared to AML patients, ALL patients were more likely to be younger (median age 46 vs. 52, p=0.002) and had a trend for more myeloablative conditioning (82% vs. 67%, pp=0.063). Median f/u for surviving patients was 38 months. Acute GVHD grade II-IV occurred in 36% of patients, whereas chronic GVHD was seen in 46%. Estimated one year non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 1 and 3 years was 6% and 17% respectively. Three-year NRM was significantly higher for patients ≥50 years (24% vs. 10%) and for patients with ALL vs. AML (29% vs. 12%, p=0.022). The estimated 3 year OS, DFS, and relapse was 59%, 50%, and 33% respectively. Estimated 3-year OS was 70% for AML patients Download : Download high-res image (183KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (85KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Characterizing the temporal and spatial variability of longwave infrared spectral images of targets and backgrounds

Following the public release of the Spectral and Polarimetric Imagery Collection Experiment (SPICE) dataset, a persistent imaging experiment dataset collected by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), the data were analyzed and materials in the scene characterized temporally and spatially using radiance data. The noise equivalent spectral radiance provided by the sensor manufacturer was compared with instrument noise calculated from in-scene information, and found to be comparable given differences in laboratory setting and real-life conditions. The processed dataset have regular "inconsistent cubes," specifically for data collected immediately after blackbody measurements, which were automatically executed approximately at each hour mark. Omitting these erroneous data, three target detection algorithms (adaptive coherent/cosine estimator, spectral angle mapper, and spectral matched filter) were tested on the temporal data using two target spectra (noon and midnight). The spectral matched filter produced the best detection rate for both noon and midnight target spectra for a 24-hrs period.
Assessment of Sexual Behavior

Sexual behavior augments human experience, allowing people to express affection, develop intimate bonds and interpersonal relationships, and experience pleasure. Sexual behavior can also have unwanted consequences, such as sexually transmitted infections or unintended pregnancy. Researchers often assess sexual behavior to learn more about how it enhances the human experience and to understand conditions under which sexual behavior leads to unwanted consequences. Such assessments can be challenging because sexual behavior typically occurs in private, at the dyadic level, and it is often a stigmatized and culturally sensitive subject. Researcher often rely on self-reports, which are vulnerable to cognitive (e.g., memory) and social (e.g., self-presentation) biases. Research has investigated how best to assess sexual behavior to optimize accurate and reliable self-reports, which are critical to improving sexual functioning, reducing sexually transmitted infections, and informing public policy decisions. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of measuring sexual behaviors, review assessment modes and measures, and present challenges to sexual assessment. Although we focus primarily on retrospective methods of assessment, we also present contemporaneous assessments methods. Finally, we offer recommendations for improving sexual behavior assessment in future research.
Cold Hardiness of Ilex glabra Cultivars from Field Trials and Laboratory Tests

Abstract To evaluate the cold hardiness of Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray (inkberry) cultivars and provide growth and cold-hardiness data for growers as references for production and marketing, field trials and laboratory tests were conducted in 2007–2008 and 2008–2009. Plant survival was 72 and 93% for the 2007 and 2008 planting, respectively. Ilex glabra ‘Shamrock’ was the most cold-hardy cultivar; Ilex glabra f. leucocarpa, ‘Viridis’ and ‘Nigra’ were the least cold-hardy cultivars; and Ilex glabra wild species and its cultivars including ‘Compacta’, ‘Densa’, ‘Chamzin’, and ‘Pretty Girl’ had intermediate cold hardiness. Based on controlled freezing tests of Ilex glabra cultivars, the temperature that results in 50% relative electrical conductivity (REC50) of Ilex glabra cultivars ranged from −19.4 to −31.8C (−2.9 to −25.2 F) for January 2007 and−17.8 to −37.5C (−0.1 to−35.5F) for January 2008. The cold hardiness rates from field trials were significantly correlated with the REC50 values from laboratory tests....
Comparative Analysis of Surgery, Thermal Ablation, and Active Surveillance for Renal Oncocytic Neoplasms.

Objective To compare oncological and procedural outcomes for renal oncocytic tumors treated with surgery, thermal ablation, or active surveillance. Methods Clinical and pathologic data were collected for consecutive patients with a histologic diagnosis of oncocytoma, oncocytic neoplasm, or chromophobe renal cell cancer (chRCC) from 2003 to 2016. Independent pathology and radiology reviews were performed for this study. Results Of 171 patients, tumor histology included oncocytoma (n = 122), chRCC (n = 47), and oncocytic neoplasm not otherwise specified (n = 2). At the initial diagnosis, 67, 14, and 90 patients were treated with surgery, thermal ablation, and active surveillance. In 3 of 19 patients (16%) who had biopsy and subsequent surgery, diagnosis changed from oncocytoma to chRCC. The median follow-up was 39.9 months with no difference among choices of treatment modalities ( P = .33). Of 90 patients who began active surveillance, 32 (36%) switched to active treatments (19 underwent thermal ablation and 13 underwent surgery). The median linear growth rate for patients on active surveillance was 1.2 mm/y. No patients who were managed with active surveillance developed metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). mRCC was identified in 3 patients and was the cause of death in 2 patients. Patients who developed metastatic disease presented with symptomatic tumors of >4 cm and were treated with immediate surgery. For oncocytic masses of ≤4 cm (n = 126), the 5-year cancer-specific survival was 100%. Conclusion Renal oncocytic neoplasms have favorable oncological outcomes. Active surveillance is safe and is the preferred management for small (≤4 cm) oncocytic renal tumors in selected patients.
The Savings Functions

This chapter is divided into three parts: the corporate savings function, the depreciation savings function, and personal savings function. Separate models are developed and tested for each. The principal determinants of corporate saving were found to be the accelerator and “crowd out,” both of which negatively impacted corporate savings. Depreciation savings was found to be almost totally explained by prior years’ investment levels. Personal savings were found principally to be functions of disposable income, tax cut- induced crowd out, the prime interest rate, stock market levels, consumer confidence levels, and inflation. In addition, the Katrina Hurricane caused affected people to draw down savings markedly. Stability of the three savings models findings was tested in different time periods and adding different variables to the model.
PanoTrace: interactive 3D modeling of surround-view panoramic images in virtual reality

Full-surround panoramic imagery can provide a viewer with a high-resolution visual impression of a pictured real or realistically rendered environment, but it does not provide as high a level of immersion as modeled 3D geometry can, when viewed with virtual reality (VR) headsets or projection-based setups. In this paper, we demonstrate that augmenting panorama images with geometrical models can be done simply in VR itself and can significantly increase the feeling of immersion a viewer experiences. We propose a novel interactive modeling tool that allows users to model geometry depicted in a surround-panoramic scene directly in VR, utilizing projection mapping of the panorama on top of the evolving geometry. The user interface is intuitive and allows novice users to produce geometry that approximates ground truth models sufficiently to enhance a user's VR viewing experience. We designed a user study that compares users' self-reported levels of immersion, scene realism, and discomfort on a set of created models and comparison cases. Our results indicate that our modeled scenes produce a significantly higher sense of immersion than a basic dome geometry for the panorama when viewed in VR with head orientation and position tracking.
First-Year Students’ Time Use in College: A Latent Profile Analysis

Students’ time expenditures influence their learning and development. This study used latent profile analysis to identify a taxonomy of how first-year students spend their time using a large multi-institution sample. We identified four time usage patterns by first-year students titled Balanced, Involved, Partiers, and Parents. Sex, expected major field, on-campus residency, age, Greek-life membership, and standardized test scores were predictive of students’ time use patterns. Holding a range of student and institutional factors constant, members of the involved group, on average, reported higher levels of engagement than the Balanced group, while Partiers reported lower levels of engagement. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
M0 and M2 Macrophages Enhance Vascularization of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

In order to address limitations in the field of tissue engineering, vascularization of scaffolds has been considered. This work focuses on the use of macrophages as a novel cell source to enhance vessel formation within a 3D hydrogel scaffold. The influence macrophages can have on vessel development is generally believed to be dependent on macrophage phenotype. To study the influence of macrophage phenotypes in vessel development, we encapsulated endothelial cells and macrophages into a bioactive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel. Specifically, the hydrogel was modified to be cell-adhesive and sensitive to proteolytic degradation. This hydrogel served as a controlled 3D matrix that can support the spontaneous formation of vascular tubule structures. When co-encapsulated with primary aortic endothelial cells (AECs) in the 3D hydrogel matrix, M2 macrophages enhanced the volume of tubules formed from AECs by nearly threefold when compared to AECs alone. M0 macrophages encapsulated with AECs also enhanced tubule volume by twofold when compared to AECs alone. Conversely, M1 macrophages encapsulated with AECs reduced tubule volume by nearly 90% of the tubule volume observed for AECs alone. We found that M2 and M0 macrophages were more likely to directly interact with endothelial cells within the PEG-based hydrogels than M1 macrophages. This data indicated that M2 macrophages can play a role in enhancing vessel formation. The field of tissue engineering endeavors to create tissues by seeding cells within 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The size of engineered tissue scaffolds is limited due to oxygen and nutrient demands. In order to overcome size limits, blood vessels can be grown in engineered tissues. This work focuses on using macrophages as a cell source to help vessel formation in a scaffold material. Macrophages are present at sites of implantations and are known to influence vessel formation. Macrophages can adopt different characteristics based on environmental cues. We investigate which macrophage characteristics allow macrophages to help vessel formation in engineered tissues.
A Jewish Response to French Antisemitism in Revolutionary Times

In the same years in which Jews were elected to the Dutch national assembly (the Batavian Convention), Jews on Curacao were characterized in a letter received on the island in an unmistakably anti-Semitic way. The author was the prominent French official Victor Hugues, based in Guadeloupe. Two elders of the local Jewish community responded with a letter that shows a remarkable assertiveness, probably facilitated by the emancipation of Jews in the Dutch metropole. They reminded him of the principles of the French revolution, of which he was a servant. The letter, in the possession today of a private collector, is transcribed and translated here and provided with a context.
Sleeping chILD: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and polysomnography.

Objectives Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease of unknown etiology that presents in infancy with characteristic findings of tachypnea, retractions, crackles, and hypoxemia. At the present, the mainstay of treatment is oxygen supplementation to normalize oxygen saturations and decrease work of breathing. There are characteristic pulmonary function, radiographic, and histologic findings, but polysomnography (PSG) data has not been reported. We sought to report PSG data and implications for management and treatment of NEHI patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed under a Colorado Institutional Review Board approved protocol for which consent was waived. Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside was used to query the electronic medical record at Children's Hospital Colorado for patients with both a diagnosis of NEHI and a PSG. PSG was performed for clinical reasons. Routine sleep quality and respiratory parameters were recorded and analyzed. Results Of our 77 patients with NEHI, 14 (19%) children underwent PSG during the study period. Eight children met criteria for OSA and three met criteria for CSA. Ten patients had low oxygen saturations during a study, six had low sleep efficiency, and three had periodic limb movement disorder. Conclusions Patients with NEHI may have sleep related breathing disorders that contribute to disrupted sleep, including obstructive and central sleep apnea, hypoxemia, decreased sleep efficiency, and increased periodic limb movement disorder. PSG should be considered as part of NEHI management, as it may lead to recognition of clinically significant sleep-disordered breathing.
Fundamentality and the prior probability of theism

Paul Draper has recently developed an account of intrinsic probability according to which a theory's intrinsic probability is determined by its modesty and coherence. He employs this account in an argument that Source Physicalism (SP) and Source Idealism (SI) are equally intrinsically probable. Since SP and SI are not exhaustive, and Theism is one very specific version of SI, it follows that the intrinsic probability of Theism is very low. I argue here that considerations of fundamentality show that more work needs to be done to defend the claim that P(SP) = P(SI).
Long-Term Psychosocial Sequelae

Recent advances in the medical care of burns have resulted in an increased survival rate for pediatric and adult burn victims (see Fratianne & Brandt, this volume). Although technological and surgical innovations have resulted in reduced mortality rates, purportedly there has been a concomitant increase in the physical and psychosocial morbidity associated with the treatment and rehabilitation of pediatric burn patients (e.g., debridement, extended hospitalization) (Tarnowski, McGrath, Calhoun, & Drab-man, 1987). Pediatric burn survivors must often live with permanent disfigurement and physical disabilities (Hurt & Tarnowski, 1990; Tarnowski & Brown, in press-a,b; Tarnowski & Rasnake, 1989; Tarnowski, Rasnake, & Drabman, 1987). In addition, the parents and uninjured siblings of pediatric burn survivors are considered to be an at-risk population as they must face the numerous challenges associated with the traumatic injury of a family member.
EXCITATION AND RELAXATION OF FILM FLOW INDUCED BY THIRD SOUND

High amplitude third sound waves are observed to create and to destroy persistent flow states within a circular resonator. These changes are necessarily a result modifying the underlying distribution of pinned vortices responsible for the flow. At low temperatures, large oscillatory flows associated with the third sound wave agitation are required to both increase and decrease the flow. At higher temperatures, thermally assisted de-pinning enhances the destructive aspects of lower amplitude third sound agitation. The constructive, or swirling tendency of the third sound agitation is also enhanced, but only in the presence of the wave excitation. At the higher temperatures, the ability of the induced flow to be trapped as a persistent current is diminished.
Reirradiation and PD-1 inhibition with nivolumab for the treatment of recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a single-institution experience

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare, aggressive brain tumor with no known cure. Reirradiation (reRT) at recurrence can prolong survival. The impact of irradiation may be heightened when combined with PD-1 inhibition. We describe our experience using reRT, with or without PD-1 inhibition, in a cohort of patients with recurrent DIPG. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children who received reRT with or without concomitant PD-1 inhibition for recurrent DIPG at a single institution between 2005 and 2016. We compared progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between those who received reRT alone or in combination with PD-1 inhibition. We then compared reRT to a cohort of patients who did not receive reRT. Thirty-one patients were included (8—reRT with nivolumab; 4—reRT alone; 19—no reRT). Patients who received reRT had prolonged OS compared to no reRT (22.9 months—reRT with nivolumab; 20.4 months—reRT alone; 8.3 months—no reRT; p < 0.0001). Patients who received reRT with nivolumab vs. reRT only had slightly prolonged OS from diagnosis and from reRT (22.9 vs. 20.4 months for time from diagnosis; 6.8 vs. 6.0 months for time from reRT). All patients receiving reRT with or without nivolumab tolerated the therapy without acute or late toxicity. Our experience demonstrates the tolerability of reRT with concurrent PD-1 inhibition for recurrent DIPG and suggests that combination therapy may offer survival benefit. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefits of this combination therapy.
White-striped plastic mulch reduces root-zone temperatures during establishment and increases early season yields of annual winter strawberry.

Abstract Early-season yields are critical to winter strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) production in Florida and other winter and spring production regions around the world. Although advancing planting dates is a common practice to improve earliness, it can increase heat stress during establishment, especially on black plastic mulch. This problem could be addressed by adding a white center stripe to black plastic mulch. The white center stripe should cool the root zone during establishment while the black bed shoulders remain exposed to the sun to warm the soil during the winter. We conducted three field trials across two seasons to compare black plastic mulch (black mulch) to black plastic mulch with a white center stripe (white-striped mulch) using three cultivars (Florida Radiance, Florida Beauty, and Florida Brilliance). Bare-root transplants were planted on 26 Sept. in 2015 and 29 Sept. and 17 Oct. in 2016. Compared to black mulch, white-striped mulch reduced root-zone temperatures (10-cm depth) under the white stripe by up to 4.5 °C in November, while maintaining the same soil warming capacity on the bed shoulders throughout the growing season. White-striped mulch treatments resulted in increased growth, earliness, and yields, although the magnitude of improvement depended on cultivars and seasonal weather conditions. Early-season ambient temperatures were unusually high in the 2015–16 trial and the 2016–17 later-planted trial. In these two trials, white-striped mulch increased early yields by 20%–31% across cultivars. In the 2015–16 trial, white-striped mulch also increased canopy area by 11% during the early harvest period and root biomass by 26% at the end of the trial. Because late-season yields were unaffected in all trials, white-striped mulch only improved total yields for the second planting of 2016–17. By contrast, cultivar-specific effects were only observed for the first planting of 2016–17, in which white-striped mulch improved early and total yields of ‘Florida Radiance’ by 46% and 28%, respectively, compared to black mulch. Our results suggest that white-striped mulch is an easily implementable strategy for improving earliness of winter strawberry production in warm climates.
Which Dose Specification Should Be Used for NRG Radiation Therapy Trials: Dose-to-Medium or Dose-to-Water?

Abstract Purpose To compare the doses calculated by the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA), Acuros dose-to-medium, and Acuros dose-to-water for the patients with lung cancer treated at our institution and show that further investigation and clarification are needed about what dose specifications should be used for NRG clinical trials. Methods and Materials Twenty-one patients with lung cancer who previously received intensity modulated radiation therapy or volumetric modulated arc therapy–based treatments at our institution were analyzed by recalculating their plans for each one with the AAA algorithm (reviewed and approved by our radiation oncologists) and with both reporting modes of the Acuros algorithm. All plans used the same monitor units as the original approved plan and a 2.5-mm grid size. For each patient, D100 of clinical target volume (CTV) and CTV coverage ratios in each plan were compared, and dose distributions and dose-volume histograms calculated by AAA, Acuros dose-to-water (Dw,m), and Acuros dose-to-medium (Dm,m) were compared as well. Results Differences between CTV D100 calculated by AAA and Acuros Dm,m were larger than the differences between AAA and Acuros XB Dw,m for all patients. When D100 of CTV was evaluated, the largest difference between AAA and Acuros Dm,m was 14.12% and between AAA and Acuros XB Dw,m was 3.68%. The average differences between the CTV D100 calculated by AAA and Acuros Dm,m was 5.39%. Coverage ratio between Acuros Dm,m and AAA ranges from 51.08% to 100% with an average of 91.32%; coverage ratio between Acuros Dw,m and AAA ranges from 87.2% to 100.41% with average of 98.94%; coverage ratio between Acuros Dm,m and Acuros Dw,m ranges from 58.58% to 100% with an average of 92.03%. Conclusions The present study shows large and systematic differences in doses calculated by AAA and Acuros Dm,m. Therefore, further investigation and clarification are needed about which dose reporting mode should be used.