cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Thiol–Ene Networks Utilizing Plant-Derived Phenolic Acids

Elastomeric polymer films synthesized through thiol–ene chemistry, suitable in applications as coatings and adhesives due to their ease of preparation and superior physical properties, are traditionally derived from petroleum sources. Of recent interest is the exploration of sustainable alternatives for the precursors to these materials. Here, we report the synthesis of thiol–ene networks through the photoinitiated reaction between allylated plant-based phenolic acids (salicylic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) and a multifunctional thiol, followed by isothermal annealing. Plant-sourced phenolic acids offer many advantages as biorenewable monomers: their rigid aromatic rings are expected to provide mechanical strength to the resulting polymers and the presence of multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl groups leads to ease of functionalization. Both phenolic acids produced networks with high degrees of homogeneity and few defects, as evidenced by narrow glass transitions and consistency of their tensile behavior wi...
Factors affecting surgical margin recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases

Background: Hepatic recurrence after resection of colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) occurs in 50% of patients during follow-up, with 2.8% to 13.9% presenting with surgical margin recurrence (SMR). The aim of this study is to analyze factors that related to SMR in patients with CLM undergoing hepatectomy. Methods: Demographics, clinical and survival data of patients who underwent hepatectomy were identified from a prospectively maintained, institutional review board (IRB)-approved database between 2000 and 2012. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: There were 85 female and 121 male patients who underwent liver resection for CLM. An R0 resection was performed in 157 (76%) patients and R1 resection in 49. SMR was detected in 32 patients (15.5%) followed up for a median of 29 months (range, 3–121 months). A half of these patients had undergone R1 (n=16) and another half R0 resection (n=16). Tumor size, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and margin status were associated with SMR on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, a positive surgical margin was the only independent predictor of SMR. The receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy did not affect margin recurrence. SMR was an independent risk factor associated with worse disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Conclusions: This study shows that SMR, which can be detected in up to 15.5% of patients after liver resection for CLM, adversely affects DFS and OS. The fact that a positive surgical margin was the only predictive factor for SMR in these patients underscores the importance of achieving negative margins during hepatectomy.
Derivation of clear-sky longwave spectral flux solely from hyperspectral observations: A case study with AIRS observations

We extend the algorithm developed by Huang et al. (2008) to derive clear-sky longwave spectral fluxes exclusively from AIRS radiance alone. Clear-sky and scene-type information are determined using AIRS radiances. Performance of the algorithms is quantified.
Privacy Issues in Discovering Communities in Social Networks

In this chapter, we review the literature on privacy issues in social networks, with a special focus on communities in social networks. We consider two scenarios: privacy breach in social network data publishing and privacy breach in online social networks. We discuss various aspects of privacy issues in social networks, and summarize several representative studies on privacy protection techniques for social networks.
Genetic Drift Can Compromise Mitochondrial Replacement by Nuclear Transfer in Human Oocytes

Replacement of mitochondria through nuclear transfer between oocytes of two different women has emerged recently as a strategy for preventing inheritance of mtDNA diseases. Although experiments in human oocytes have shown effective replacement, the consequences of small amounts of mtDNA carryover have not been studied sufficiently. Using human mitochondrial replacement stem cell lines, we show that, even though the low levels of heteroplasmy introduced into human oocytes by mitochondrial carryover during nuclear transfer often vanish, they can sometimes instead result in mtDNA genotypic drift and reversion to the original genotype. Comparison of cells with identical oocyte-derived nuclear DNA but different mtDNA shows that either mtDNA genotype is compatible with the nucleus and that drift is independent of mitochondrial function. Thus, although functional replacement of the mitochondrial genome is possible, even low levels of heteroplasmy can affect the stability of the mtDNA genotype and compromise the efficacy of mitochondrial replacement.
Pork carcass evaluation with an automated and computerized ultrasonic system

Carcass data were collected from market barrows and gilts (n = 325) slaughtered at a commercial slaughter facility in Canada to estimate carcass composition from longitudinal average fat depth and muscle depth measured automatically by a computerized real-time ultrasonic system. Similar and other ultrasonic measurements were also made manually from the same carcasses for comparison purposes. Results of regression analysis indicated that the optimum measurements were hot carcass weight, automatic average fat depth, and muscle depth made from the carcass longitudinal scans between the 10th rib and last rib in predicting weight of lean (defatted, deboned four lean cuts, R2 = .88, RSD = 1.19) and weight of grade lean (weight of lean plus skinless square-cut belly and side (spare) ribs, R2 = .92, RSD = 1.09). The automatic depth measurements provided more precise factors for estimation of lean than the careful manual measurements of fat depth, muscle depth, and loin muscle area. Manually measured loin muscle area was not required (P > .05) after hot carcass weight, manually measured fat depth, and loin depth were included in the models for predicting weight and percentage of any of the dependent variables. These results suggest that the automated and computerized ultrasonic system tested in this study can be used as an efficient and objective tool in a meat animal value-based marketing system.
Carving Place: Foundational Narratives from a North Indian Market Town

Jahazpur is a small market town or qasba in Bhilwara District in the North Indian state of Rajasthan. It is an old settlement, by reputation both conservative and diverse, its roots deep in history and legend. Members of different religions and all levels of the social hierarchy share Jahazpur town spaces. This chapter explores critical intersections of collective identity with place and meaning through examining several narratives. First, I look at variants of Jahazpur’s well-known origin tale, which is linked to the etymology of the town’s name and engages the ancient Hindu imagery of sacrifice. Then I focus on an account of the founding of a large Satya Narayan temple, which was established near the center of town by the Khatik community in the mid-eighties. Satya Narayan is a name of Vishnu, a vegetarian, pan-Hindu god; Khatiks are associated in popular thought with the meat trade. The Khatiks’ successful struggle to build the temple was a hard-won victory altering not only the condition of their lives but the town’s character. In conclusion, I consider recent writings on the nature of provinciality and on space and place that inform an understanding of Jahazpur’s foundational narratives as linked to its enduring pluralism.
Using passively collected sedentary behavior to predict hospital readmission

Hospital readmissions are a major problem facing health care systems today, costing Medicare alone US$26 billion each year. Being readmitted is associated with significantly shorter survival, and is often preventable. Predictors of readmission are still not well understood, particularly those under the patient's control: behavioral risk factors. Our work evaluates the ability of behavioral risk factors, specifically Fitbit-assessed behavior, to predict readmission for 25 postsurgical cancer inpatients. Our results show that sum of steps, maximum sedentary bouts, frequency, and low breaks in sedentary times during waking hours are strong predictors of readmission. We built two models for predicting readmissions: Steps-only and Behavioral model that adds information about sedentary behaviors. The Behavioral model (88.3%) outperforms the Steps-only model (67.1%), illustrating the value of passively collected information about sedentary behaviors. Indeed, passive monitoring of behavior data, i.e., mobility, after major surgery creates an opportunity for early risk assessment and timely interventions.
How consistent is the anal transitional zone in the double-stapled ileoanal reservoir?

Abstract Background and aims. The double-stapled ileoanal reservoir (DSIAR) has become a preferred method for ileal pouch anal anastomosis in restorative proctocolectomy. This investigation assessed the relative ratio of epithelial tissue types within the anal transition zone after a DSIAR and reviewed functional physiological differences. Patients and methods. All 138 patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy with a DSIAR for mucosal ulcerative colitis were stratified into two groups according to histological evidence of epithelium types in the distal excised rectal donut. In group I a squamous or a squamous mixed with columnar epithelium was present (n=40) whereas in group II only columnar epithelium was seen (n=98). Anal physiological parameters were measured by anal manometry preoperatively, prior to ileostomy closure, and 1 year after surgery. Results. None of the preoperative resting and squeeze pressure parameters showed a significant difference between the two groups. Postoperative mean and maximal resting pressures were significantly decreased in both groups. Postoperative mean and maximum squeeze pressures were decreased in group I. Postoperative mean length of the high-pressure zone tended to be decreased in both groups. The decrease in rectoanal inhibitory reflex was significant in both groups. Postoperative functional parameters measured as maximal tolerable volume and compliance were significantly improved from preoperative values in both groups. Conclusion. The tissue type in the anal transitional zone after DSIAR has a wide variability at a similar level (height) of the anastomosis. However, these different epithelial types were not associated with substantial physiological functional differences. Thus, if technically feasible, it is desirable for DSIAR to construct the anastomosis as close to the dentate line as possible.
Risk in Schooling: The Contribution of Qualitative Research to Our Understanding of the Overrepresentation of Minorities in Special Education

This article reviews 15 qualitative studies examining factors contributing to the overrepresentation of minorities in special education. Eleven studies constituted numerical surveys of practitioner perspectives, with additional questions that were analyzed qualitatively. Four studies relied on face-to-face interviews or qualitative surveys, in-field observations, and review of students' documents. This review is organized into two main groups of studies—those that investigated stakeholders' explanations only and those that combined stakeholders' perspectives with direct investigation of actual practices. Findings reflected considerable overlap in explanations for disproportionality including poverty, family issues, intrinsic child deficit, and school-based issues such as professional bias regarding socioeconomic status (SES) and race. The article calls for increased use of qualitative studies to unearth the root causes of disproportionality.
Prediction of 30-Day All-Cause Readmissions in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure: Comparison of Machine Learning and Other Statistical Approaches.

Importance Several attempts have been made at developing models to predict 30-day readmissions in patients with heart failure, but none have sufficient discriminatory capacity for clinical use. Machine-learning (ML) algorithms represent a novel approach and may have potential advantages over traditional statistical modeling. Objective To develop models using a ML approach to predict all-cause readmissions 30 days after discharge from a heart failure hospitalization and to compare ML model performance with models developed using “conventional” statistically based methods. Design, Setting, and Participants Models were developed using ML algorithms, specifically, a tree-augmented naive Bayesian network, a random forest algorithm, and a gradient-boosted model and compared with traditional statistical methods using 2 independently derived logistic regression models (a de novo model and an a priori model developed using electronic health records) and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. The study sample was randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets to develop and test model performance. This was a registry-based study, and the study sample was obtained by linking patients from the Get With the Guidelines Heart Failure registry with Medicare data. After applying appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, 56 477 patients were included in our analysis. The study was conducted between January 4, 2005, and December 1, 2010, and analysis of the data was conducted between November 25, 2014, and June 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures C statistics were used for comparison of discriminatory capacity across models in the validation sample. Results The overall 30-day rehospitalization rate was 21.2% (11 959 of 56 477 patients). For the tree-augmented naive Bayesian network, random forest, gradient-boosted, logistic regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models, C statistics for the validation sets were similar: 0.618, 0.607, 0.614, 0.624, and 0.618, respectively. Applying the previously validated electronic health records model to our study sample yielded a C statistic of 0.589 for the validation set. Conclusions and Relevance Use of a number of ML algorithms did not improve prediction of 30-day heart failure readmissions compared with more traditional prediction models. Although there will likely be further applications of ML approaches in prognostic modeling, our study fits within the literature of limited predictive ability for heart failure readmissions.
Introduction to Section II

This issue of Online Learning contains six articles outside the Special Conference Section. This section of OLJ includes papers investigating faculty development, academic dishonesty, the community of inquiry model, online labs, sense of connectivity, and academic performance in an online program.
Reinvestigating the Impact of Conference Realignment on Rivalry in Intercollegiate Athletics

The current study investigated the influence of a U.S. intercollegiate team competing in a new conference for multiple seasons on fan perceptions of rival teams and likelihood of considering anonymous aggression toward rival teams. Fans of teams that changed conferences during conference realignment reserved stronger negative perceptions of the former rival on factors involving on-field competition and stronger negative perceptions of the current rival on factors involving off-field competition. Additionally, fans were more likely to consider committing anonymous acts of aggression against the former rival team than the current rival team. Implications and directions for future study are discussed. Subscribe to JASM
Understanding “Native Advertising” from the Perspective of Communication Strategies

ABSTRACTNative advertising is at the intersection of strategic communication and journalism information. As a type of commercial hybrid content, its distinctiveness as a promotional method is questioned. As a vehicle for informing, it blends in with the surrounding editorial causes concern. Thus, the purpose of this study is to deconstruct “native advertising” and form a clearer understanding of this emerging and changing concept. To serve this purpose, this study conducted content analysis of communication strategies of 151 native advertisements sampled from three news websites. The findings revealed that more than half of the sample cited sources and disclosed sponsors. Congruence was largely based upon function-based associations. About one-third of the native advertisements offered how-to advice and addressed connections between the sponsor and the story. Sometimes, the sponsor was not mentioned in the stories at all. The findings suggest that native advertising exhibits certain features of sponsored ...
On Behaviorism, Knowledge, and Causal Explanation

If science may be understood as the behavior of scientists or the artifacts resulting from such behavior, then the analysis of science may be understood as the analysis of the factors that occasion and reinforce that behavior. The scientific method may be understood in turn as a series of precurrent activities that maximizes stimulus control by factors that will lead to effective action in terms of prediction, manipulation, and control of behavioral events. From this perspective, the causal explanation of operant behavior involves specifying interrelations among participating factors in the same ways as did Aristotle: (a) A final cause implies a reinforcing consequence, (b) a formal cause implies antecedent discriminative control, (c) a material cause implies the genetic endowment of anatomical and physiological characteristics of the sentient organism, and (d) an efficient cause implies the phylogenic and ontogenic contigen-cies that have selected the behavior of interest. Private stimuli, when involved in behavior, may usually be understood in the sense implied by a formal cause, rather than in the sense implied by the notion of solely sufficient antecedent causation.
Comprehensive model of a hermetic reciprocating compressor

A comprehensive simulation model is presented to predict the performance of a hermetic reciprocating compressor and to reveal the underlying mechanisms when the compressor is running. The presented model is composed of sub-models simulating the in-cylinder compression process, piston ring/journal bearing frictional power loss, single phase induction motor and the overall compressor energy balance among different compressor components. The valve model, leakage through piston ring model and in-cylinder heat transfer model are also incorporated into the in-cylinder compression process model. A numerical algorithm solving the model is introduced. The predicted results of the compressor mass flow rate and input power consumption are compared to the published compressor map values. Future work will focus on detailed experimental validation of the model and parametric studies investigating the effects of structural parameters, including the stroke-to-bore ratio, on the compressor performance.
Hybrid Space-Filling Designs for Computer Experiments

Computer models play an increasingly important role in engineering design and in the study of complex systems, where physical experiments on the real system or even a prototype are prohibitively expensive. Both deterministic and stochastic computer models are used in these situations. A deterministic computer model is a set of complex equations whose solution depends on the input conditions and the levels of design factors or parameters but not on random elements. Examples include finite element models and computational fluid dynamics models. Space-filling designs are usually employed to study these deterministic computer models and often the modeling strategy involves fitting a spatial correlation or Kriging model (the Gaussian stochastic process model) to the data, because this model interpolates the experimental data exactly. We provide a survey of these designs and the modeling strategy, and propose a new type of hybrid space-filling design. The new design is a hybrid consisting of design points from a traditional space-filling design augmented by runs from a near saturated I-optimal design for a polynomial. We illustrate the construction of these designs with examples, and demonstrate their performance in response prediction for several situations. A comparison with standard space-filling designs is provided.
Vascular Hypotension and Bradycardia Following Intraocular Injection of Acetylcholine During Cataract Surgery

Two patients, an 80-year-old woman and a 70-year-old man, experienced profound systemic hypotension and bradycardia following intraocular acetylcholine administration during cataract surgery. When we compared these two cases with three previously published reports of similar occurrences, we found no common factors other than age that might have predisposed these patients to such complications. All five patients were in relatively good health and each received different combinations of premedication. This reaction occurred in two patients given local anesthesia, two given local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, and one given general anesthesia. Although a cause-and-effect relationship has not been proven, the suggestive temporal sequence of events indicated that all patients undergoing cataract surgery in which the use of intraocular acetylcholine is contemplated should be monitored by an anesthesiologist.
Development and implementation of an antimicrobial lock therapy guideline in a pediatric hospital.

Purpose The development and implementation of an antimicrobial lock therapy guideline at a large pediatric hospital are described. Summary Central venous access devices (CVADs) are essential in the medical management of patients requiring long-term total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, or hemodialysis. However, the use of a CVAD carries a significant risk of the development of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Antimicrobial lock therapy is indicated for patients with CLABSIs who have no signs of exit site or tunnel infection and for whom catheter salvage is a goal. An antimicrobial lock therapy guideline was developed and implemented at a large pediatric hospital by an interprofessional team consisting of providers specializing in CVAD care. Development and implementation of the guideline included a needs assessment, a literature review, determination of patient selection criteria, addition of compounding formulations, development of administration techniques, and education. In all 10 instances of lock therapy in the 18 months after guideline implementation, the criteria for use were met; in 60% of those instances, patients received care from an infectious diseases physician. Each of the available lock solutions was used at least once during the 18-month period. Conclusion Overall, implementation of a guideline on administration of antimicrobial lock therapy was successful. Nine patients received antimicrobial lock therapy in the 18 months after policy implementation; although 2 had their line removed (1 due to repeated line infections), neither required line replacement.
Mobile Technologies for Managing Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Abstract Background: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted among heart failure (HF) patients have reported that mobile technologies can improve HF-related outcomes. Our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate m-Health's impact on healthcare services utilization, mortality, and cost. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and EMBASE for studies published between 1966 and May-2017. We included studies that compared the use of m-Health in HF patients to usual care. m-Health is defined as the use of mobile computing and communication technologies to record and transmit data. The outcomes were HF-related and all-cause hospital days, cost, admissions, and mortality. Results: Our search strategy resulted in 1,494 articles. We included 10 RCTs and 1 quasi-experimental study, which represented 3,109 patients in North America and Europe. Patient average age range was 53–80 years, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III, and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction <50%. Patients were mostly moni...
Management of a Patient with Left-to-Right Shunt

We describe the basic pathophysiology of common congenital heart defects with left-to-right shunt. These defects include ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD), ostium secundum ASD, sinus venosus ASD, coronary sinus ASD, ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and aortopulmonary window. The underlying pathophysiology of these defects is a communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulations. This communication allows return of oxygenated blood back to the lungs (left-to-right shunt) leading to volume overload of the right heart and lungs. The amount of shunting determines the degree of symptoms and depends on the size of the defect and the resistance and pressure properties of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Unrecognized large left-to-right shunts can lead to irreversible pulmonary vascular disease and Eisenmenger syndrome. Medical management includes careful attention to fluid balance, avoidance of indiscriminate oxygen therapy, and appropriate use of inotropic agents, systemic afterload reduction, and positive pressure ventilation.
Manhood on the Line: Working-Class Masculinities in the American Heartland

Review of: "Manhood on the Line: Working-Class Masculinities in the American Heartland", by Stephen Meyer.
Ethical considerations regarding the use of technology for older adults. The case of telehealth

Life expectancy increases and ongoing growth of the population older than 65 have led to new models of aging research aimed at promoting independence and empowerment of older adults. Advances in information technology have introduced numerous ways to enhance or expand health care and support service research and development. The purpose of this article is to discuss ethical considerations associated with the use of technology with older adults in research and practice and to present a framework for such ethical parameters. Specifically, we focus on the case of telehealth and discuss examples from the Native People for Cancer Control Telehealth Network to exemplify the framework. The proposed framework includes the concepts of privacy, informed consent, equity of access, patient-provider communication, and usability. These issues constitute a roadmap for researchers, practitioners, system designers, policy makers, and administrators who aim to conduct ethical research that results in improved care and support services to older adults and increase health care access for rural and underserved populations.
Ontogeny and plasma-membrane domain localization of amino acid transport system L in rat liver

Na(+)-independent hepatic transport of branched-chain amino acids occurs via at least two distinct transport processes. System L1, characterized by micromolar Km values, predominates in hepatoma and fetal hepatocytes, whereas System L2, distinguished by Km values in the millimolar range and sensitivity to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), predominates in adult hepatocytes. To determine the plasma-membrane domain localization and ontogeny of System L activity in the rat, we prepared membrane vesicles from the livers of suckling (10 days old) and adult rats enriched for either basolateral (BLMV) or canalicular (CMV) domains. The initial rate of [3H]leucine uptake into BLMV and CMV derived from adult liver was significantly inhibited by the addition of 5 mM NEM; transport into BLMV and CMV derived from 10-day-old rat liver was not affected. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters estimated in BLMV derived from adult liver were consistent with System L2 (Km = 2.16 +/- 0.62 mM, Vmax. = 781 +/- 109 pmol/5 s per mg of protein), as were those estimated in adult CMV (Km = 0.83 +/- 0.21 mM, Vmax. = 385 +/- 38 pmol/5 s per mg of protein). Conversely, kinetic parameters estimated in BLMV derived from livers of suckling rats were consistent with System L1 (Km = 0.041 +/- 0.024 mM, Vmax. = 8.8 +/- 1.5 pmol/5 s per mg of protein), as were those from CMV of suckling rats (Km = 0.023 +/- 0.09 mM, Vmax. = 28.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/5 s per mg of protein). We conclude that NEM-inhibitable Na(+)-independent leucine transport activity consistent with System L2 is present in both BLMV and CMV derived from adult rat liver, whereas System L1 predominates in 10-day-old rat liver tissue.
Disruption of FOXP3-EZH2 Interaction Represents a Pathobiological Mechanism in Intestinal Inflammation.

Background & Aims Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T cell (Treg) dysfunction is associated with autoimmune diseases; however, the mechanisms responsible for inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a physical interaction between transcription factor FOXP3 and the epigenetic enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is essential for gene co-repressive function. Methods Human FOXP3 mutations clinically relevant to intestinal inflammation were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. T lymphocytes were isolated from mice, human blood, and lamina propria of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and non-CD controls. We performed proximity ligation or a co-immunoprecipitation assay in FOXP3-mutant+, interleukin 6 (IL6)-treated or CD-CD4+ T cells to assess FOXP3–EZH2 protein interaction. We studied IL2 promoter activity and chromatin state of the interferon γ locus via luciferase reporter and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, respectively, in cells expressing FOXP3 mutants. Results EZH2 binding was abrogated by inflammatory bowel disease–associated FOXP3 cysteine 232 (C232) mutation. The C232 mutant showed impaired repression of IL2 and diminished EZH2-mediated trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 on interferon γ, indicative of compromised Treg physiologic function. Generalizing this mechanism, IL6 impaired FOXP3–EZH2 interaction. IL6-induced effects were reversed by Janus kinase 1/2 inhibition. In lamina propria–derived CD4+T cells from CD patients, we observed decreased FOXP3–EZH2 interaction. Conclusions FOXP3–C232 mutation disrupts EZH2 recruitment and gene co-repressive function. The proinflammatory cytokine IL6 abrogates FOXP3–EZH2 interaction. Studies in lesion-derived CD4+ T cells have shown that reduced FOXP3–EZH2 interaction is a molecular feature of CD patients. Destabilized FOXP3–EZH2 protein interaction via diverse mechanisms and consequent Treg abnormality may drive gastrointestinal inflammation.
Les Sans Arche D’Adel Abdessemed et autres coups de balai: by Hélène Cixous, Paris, Gallimard, 2018, 128 pp. (51 ill.), €16.80 (softcover), ISBN 978-2-07-277029-6

The book under review, which may be loosely translated as The Non-Ark of Adel Abdessemed and other sweeping changes, broadly considers the complex ethical dimensions, subject position, and metaphor...
ecDNA party bus: Bringing the enhancer to you

Recent work from Zhu et al. (2021) reveals that extrachromosomal DNA circles harboring enhancers can serve as mobile regulatory elements that interact with chromosomal oncogenes, stimulating high-level gene activity and contributing to tumor heterogeneity and cancer progression.
Measurements of lethal and nonlethal inbreeding depression inform the de novo domestication of Silphium integrifolium.

PREMISE Inbreeding depression, or the reduction in fitness of progeny with related parents, has the potential to adversely affect the long-term viability of both wild and captive plant populations. Silphium integrifolium, a prairie plant native to the central United States, has been identified as a potential candidate for domestication as a perennial oilseed crop. Little is known about the potential for inbreeding depression in this species, but it is expected to be nonnegligible because S. integrifolium is both perennial and self-incompatible. Here, we measure lethal inbreeding depression expressed through embryo deaths, and nonlethal inbreeding depression expressed through changes in vigor and fitness phenotypes of progeny. METHODS First, we made controlled crosses among related and unrelated individuals to determine the effect of two different levels of inbreeding on seed production. Then, we grew inbred and outbred progeny from this population to reproductive maturity and measured 11 key traits. RESULTS We found that within an improved S. integrifolium population, individuals carried an average of slightly less than one lethal allele per gamete. In progeny, significant inbreeding depression was observed in at least one family for eight of the 11 measured traits. CONCLUSIONS Inbreeding depression is likely to be an important challenge to S. integrifolium domestication, reducing overall population fecundity and values for important phenotypes. These effects may grow worse as selection reduces effective population size. We recommend several strategies for S. integrifolium breeding to help mitigate these problems.
Control of light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductors

Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as a very attractive class of optoelectronic material due to their extraordinarily strong interaction with light. In this talk we will present our recent work on strong light-matter coupling and control of the excitons in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Specifically, we will discuss nonlinear optical response of the strongly coupled states, control of chiral light-matter interaction in these materials using metamaterials, and the use of strain and artifical gauge fields to control transport and valley properties of the excitons.
Tailoring Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Survey of Nationally Certified TF- CBT Therapists

In the United States, approximately one in six youth has an intellectual or other developmental disability (DD). Historically, there have been barriers to providing these youths with trauma treatme...
Stable invariant subspaces for operators on Hilbert space

IfT is a bounded operator on a separable complex Hilbert spaceH, an in- variant subspaceM forT is stable provided that whenever{Tn} is a sequence of operators such thatkTn−Tk→0, there is a sequence of subspaces{Mn}, withMn in LatTn for all n, such thatPMn→PM in the strong operator topology. If the projections converge in norm,M is called a norm stable invariant subspace. This paper characterizes the stable invariant subspaces of the unilateral shift of finite multiplicity and normal operators. It also shows that in these cases the stable invariant subspaces are the strong closure of the norm stable invariant subspaces. Throughout this paper, H is a separable complex Hilbert space and B(H) is the algebra of bounded operators on H. All notation and terminology used here will be that of (6). In particular, LatT denotes the lattice of invariant subspaces of T for any operator T in B(H). Usually, a closed subspace M of H will be identified with the orthogonal projection onto it, PM.So, in particular, the collection of all closed subspaces of H will be identified with the collection P of all projections in B(H).When the convergence of a sequence of subspaces in the norm or strong topology is mentioned, this is actually a statement about the corresponding convergence of the associated sequence of projections. If T is a bounded operator on H, an invariant subspace M for T is stable provided whenever {Tn} is a sequence of operators such that k Tn −T k → 0, there is a sequence of subspaces {Mn}, with Mn in LatTn for all n, such that PMn → PM in the strong operator topology. The concept needs little justification and has been examined by several previous authors. In the finite-dimensional setting it appears in (4) and (5). Also, see Appendix 1 in (2) for a characterization of the stable invariant subspace of an operator on a finite-dimensional space. The idea of a stable invariant subspace is also implicit in (10) and (9). In (1) and (3) a stronger concept of stable invariant
Predicting a Global Perovskite and Post-Perovskite Phase Boundary

A lower mantle S-wave triplication with a S cd branch occurring between S and ScS has been recognized for many years with a variety of explanations. It is particularly strong when sampling regions beneath the circum-Pacific lower mantle fast velocity belt seen in global tomographic models where it has been modeled with a 2-3% jump in S-velocity. General properties are (1) it tends to arrive earlier beneath the fastest anomalies and (2) its rapid changes in strength and timing relative to S. The recently discovered Perovskite (Pv) to Post-perovskite (PPv) phase transition [Murakami et al., 2004] is expected to show this change in timing assuming a positive Clapeyron slope (γ) between 3 to 9 MPa/K; however, the predicted velocity jump is about half of the above ID modeling results. Here we model the phase boundary height by mapping S-wave tomography into temperature assuming uniform chemistry, or a Mono-Phase-Transition (MPT), and a more complex mapping procedure involving possible changes in Chemistry (CPT). A few adjustable parameters involving reference phase boundary height and velocity jump are determined from comparing synthetic seismogram predictions with densely sampled observations. Particularly strong S cd data are explained by focusing effects caused by small zones of enhanced velocities (slab buckling) seen in some tomographic models. These sharp features in S-wave tomography are confirmed by the behavior of differential PKP (AB-DF) which shows 4 s changes over a distance of 300 km correlating well with the corresponding S-wave models beneath Central America. Thus adding 3D propagational effects caused by these structures to the Pv to PPv velocity jump predicted from mineral physics appears to generate results compatible with S cd waveform observations.
Osteosarcoma of the jaw/craniofacial region: outcomes after multimodality treatment.

BACKGROUND: The current study was performed to evaluate outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma of the head and neck (OHN) who were treated with surgery with or without radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Between 1960 and 2007, 119 patients with OHN underwent macroscopic total resection with or without RT. The median age of the patients was 33 years (range, 7-77 years). Of these 119 patients 92 (77%) underwent surgery alone whereas 27 (23%) patients were treated with combined modality treatment (CMT) comprised of surgery and RT (median dose, 60 Gray [Gy]; range, 50-66 Gy). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 5.8 years. Overall survival (OS) rates at 5 years and 10 years were 63% and 55%, respectively. Corresponding disease‒specific survival (DSS) rates were 67% and 61%, respectively. Stratified analysis by resection margin status demonstrated that CMT compared with surgery alone improved OS (80% vs 31%; P = .02) and DSS (80% vs 35%; P = .02) for patients with positive/uncertain resection margins. Multivariate analysis indicated that CMT for patients with positive/uncertain resection margins improved OS (P < .0001). A total of 44 (37%) patients experienced local disease recurrence (LR) and 25 (21%) developed distant metastases (DM). There was no difference noted with regard to DSS if disease recurrence was isolated (LR vs DM: 26% vs 29%, respectively, at 5 years; P = .48) The use of CMT versus surgery alone improved local control (LC) (75% vs 24%; P = .006) for patients with positive/uncertain resection margins. The rate of surgical complications was 28% at 5 years. The rates of RT-associated complications were 40% and 47% at 5 years and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study indicated that RT in addition to surgery improves OS, DSS, and LC for patients with OHN who have positive/uncertain resection margins. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Pathobiology, not angiography, should guide management in acute coronary syndrome/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the non-interventionist's perspective.

Although an early invasive strategy (angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention) is the convention in acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) in the U.S., a conservative pharmacologic approach is common in other countries. Trial evidence has demonstrated a modest benefit with an angiographically guided approach; but patients having negative troponin values or who were receiving aspirin showed little or no benefit, and those without ST-segment changes had slightly worse outcomes. Limitations of angiography are clinically important. Identification of hemodynamically significant stenoses may be confounded by coronary remodeling. Also, most plaques, particularly those responsible for acute events, are extraluminal. Assessment of the luminal diameter of a lesion, which requires comparison with a normal reference segment, may be impossible because of the diffuse nature of the disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention after plaque rupture may itself cause embolization and no-reflow phenomena, leading to severe complications. In addition, most ruptures may be clinically silent. Evidence of a systemic inflammatory component suggests that ACS patients are at risk for plaque rupture at multiple sites. The inability of angiography to depict the true extent of atherosclerosis is supported by necropsy and transplant donor studies. A metabolic approach to this systemic disease is the only strategy designed to influence the behavior of both the small number of angiographically visible lesions and the large number of occult plaques. Statins and other agents decrease the incidence of death and MI by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques throughout the coronary bed, reducing inflammation, collagen degradation, tissue factor expression, and vasomotor tone.
CHAPTER 152 – FYVE Domains in Membrane Trafficking and Cell Signaling

This chapter discusses the structural basis of a novel zinc finger that binds Ptdlns 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P], termed the FYVE domain, and the roles played by several proteins harboring this motif in membrane trafficking and cell signaling. Within the span of a few years, the identification of the FYVE domain as a specific PtdIns(3)P binding motif has had a significant impact on the field of vesicular trafficking and has shed light on additional cellular functions of PtdIns(3)P. Through localization studies of the FYVE domain via both conventional light microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy, PtdIns(3)P has been found to exist in endosomal membranes, on vesicles contained within endosomes, and in vacuolar/lysosomal membranes. More recently, GFP-FYVE fusions have been used to observe PtdIns(3)P on phagosomes. However, additional PtdIns(3)P interacting proteins are involved in this process, as recent studies indicate that another lipid binding motif, the PX domain, specifically recognizes PtdIns(3)P. Hence, it is likely that new effectors of this lipid will continue to emerge.
The Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Technical and Economic Analysis—Part II: Comparison of Cycles

The back end of the nuclear fuel cycle has been analyzed under current conditions in the United States, including the constraints imposed by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and its amendments. The scenarios for two closed cycles, a regular reprocessing cycle and a reprocessing scheme with cesium and strontium fractionation, are described. The storage of spent fuel discharged from the reactors and the disposal of reprocessed waste are studied for both reprocessing cycles. The economics of waste storage and disposal for the two closed cycles are compared with each other and with the reference once-through cycle. The results show that a standard reprocessing cycle results in the minimum cost for storage and disposal. When reporcessing costs are considered, the closed cycles can compete economically with the once-through cycle only if net reprocessing costs are very low.
A Distributed Implementation of a Task Pool

In this paper we present a distributed algorithm to implement a task pool. The algorithm can be used to implement a processor farm, i.e., a collection of processes that consume tasks from the task pool and possibly produce tasks into it. There are no restrictions on which process consumes which task nor on the order in which tasks are processed. The algorithm takes care of the distribution of the tasks over the processes and ensures load balancing. We derive the algorithm by transforming a sequential algorithm into a distributed one. The transformation is guided by the distribution of the data over processes. First we discuss the case of two processes, and then the general case of one or more processes.
Cytomorphology of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the liver.

We describe the first cytology case report of an intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the liver. A 51-year-old male presented with recurrent cholangitis. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram revealed a 1.1 × 0.9 cm polypoid lesion within the left intrahepatic bile duct. Fine-needle aspiration and needle core biopsy (NCB) revealed nests, 3-dimensional or papillary clusters of columnar or cuboidal cells with loss of polarity. The nuclei were uniform with even chromatin, and cytoplasm was granular or vacuolated. No mitosis or necrosis was seen. The cytologic and histologic diagnosis was “consistent with Intraductal Oncocytic Papillary Neoplasm (IOPN), intermediate grade (borderline).” The patient then underwent a left lateral liver segmentectomy. Microscopic examination showed histology similar to the NCB with no stromal invasion identified. Hepatic IOPN poses a diagnostic challenge due to its broad differential diagnoses. Both malignant and non-malignant IOPNs may present with similar clinical symptoms, pathology, histology, cytomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Hepatic IOPN should be excised as it is a precursor lesion of adenocarcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:895–898. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitric oxide-releasing polymeric microspheres improve diabetes-related erectile dysfunction.

Abstract Introduction We have used a long‐acting nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing polymer to develop injectable biodegradable microspheres capable of localized NO release over prolonged periods of time. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these microspheres for diabetes‐related erectile dysfunction (ED) in the rat model. Methods NO‐releasing microspheres were incubated in physiologic buffer, and in vitro NO release was measured using a Griess assay. To ensure no migration, microspheres were fluorescently tagged and injected into the corpus cavernosum of adult rats, and fluorescent imaging was performed weekly for 4 weeks, at which point rats were sacrificed. To assess physiologic efficacy, diabetes was induced in 40 rats using streptozotocin (STZ), whereas 10 rats were kept as age‐matched controls. Diabetic rats were divided into four groups: no treatment, sildenafil, NO‐releasing microspheres, and combination therapy. For each rat, the cavernosal nerve (CN) was stimulated at various voltages, and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured via corpus cavernosum and carotid artery catheterization, respectively. Long‐term efficacy was determined by injecting diabetic rats with microspheres and measuring erectile response at predetermined intervals for up to 5 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Erectile response was determined via calculation of mean peak ICP/MAP and area under curve (AUC) for each experimental group. Results Under physiologic conditions in vitro , microspheres continued NO release for up to 4 weeks. Fluorescent imaging revealed no detectable signal in tissues besides cavernosal tissue at 4 weeks postinjection. Upon CN stimulation, peak ICP/MAP ratio and AUC of diabetic rats improved significantly ( P P Conclusions NO‐releasing microspheres significantly improved erectile response in diabetic rats for 3 weeks and hence offer a promising approach to ED therapy, either as monotherapy or combination therapy. Soni SD, Song W, West JL, and Khera M. Nitric oxide‐releasing polymeric microspheres improve diabetes‐related erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013;10:1915‐1925.