cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advances in mobility management of DVB-H mobile TV systems

In this paper, we provide a brief survey about the recent standardization advances in the field of mobility management for DVB-H mobile TV systems. The mentioned topics include: DVB-H to DVB-H handover, and DVB-H service roaming. In addition, since the DVB-H standard itself specifies only the behavior below the IP layer, other service layer standards over the DVB-H, e.g. OMA BCAST or DVB-IPDC, are required to support IP-based mobile TV services. Hence, the discussion in this paper covers both the mobility issues above or below the DVB-H IP layer.
Mono (S) hydroxy fatty acids: novel ligands for cytosolic actin

The ubiquitous hydroxylated fatty acids derived from arachidonic acid (HETEs) or linoleic acid (HODEs) exhibit diverse biological effects including chemotaxis, cell proliferation, and modulation of several enzymatic pathways, including the 5-lipoxygenase leading to the inflammatory leukotrienes. It was observed that 12(S)- and 15(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE (12- and 15-lipoxygenase-derived metabolites, respectively) inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase present in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cell homogenates whereas the 15(R) chiral enantiomer and the nonhydroxylated linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids were either less potent or ineffective. In examining the mechanism of this inhibition, the relative effectiveness of several fatty acids in displacing [3H]15-HETE bound to cytosol preparations were compared and the results indicated that these (S) hydroxy fatty acids and 5(S)-HETE were significantly more potent than either the 15(R) enantiomer, 15(S)-HETE methyl ester, arachidonic acid, or prostaglandin F2alpha. In order to identify the protein(s) that specifically binds HETEs, 15(S)-HETE biotin hydrazide was used as a probe to detect any HETE-protein complexes as this compound both inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase and interfered with the binding of [3H]15-HETE to cytosol preparations. SDS-PAGE analysis and chemiluminescent detection revealed that the major cytosolic proteins that bound this biotinylated probe had molecular masses of 43 and 51 kD. Fatty acid competition experiments indicated that the order of effectiveness in displacing this probe from these proteins was 13(S)-HODE > 5(S)-HETE approximately equal to 15(S)-HETE > > stearic acid approximately equal to arachidonic acid approximately equal to 15(R)-HETE. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the 43 kD protein was actin. These findings suggest the possibility that actin may play a major role in the biological effects of monohydroxylated metabolites derived from cellular 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenases.
Identification of Binding Sites for Acetaldehyde Adsorption on Titania Nanorod Surfaces Using CIMS

The interaction of acetaldehyde with TiO(2) nanorods has been studied under low pressures (acetaldehyde partial pressure range 10(-4)-10(-8) Torr) using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). We quantitatively separate irreversible adsorption, reversible adsorption, and an uptake of acetaldehyde assigned to a thermally activated surface reaction. We find that, at room temperature and 1.2 Torr total pressure, 2.1 ± 0.4 molecules/nm(2) adsorb irreversibly, but this value exhibits a sharp decrease as the analyte partial pressure is lowered below 4 × 10(-4) Torr, regardless of exposure time. The number of reversible binding sites at saturation amounts to 0.09 ± 0.02 molecules/nm(2) with a free energy of adsorption of 43.8 ± 0.2 kJ/mol. We complement our measurements with FTIR spectroscopy and identify the thermal dark reaction as a combination of an aldol condensation and an oxidative adsorption that converts acetaldehyde to acetate or formate and CO, at a measured combined initial rate of 7 ± 1 × 10(-4) molecules/nm(2) s. By characterizing binding to different types of sites under dark conditions in the absence of oxygen and gas phase water, we set the stage to analyze site-specific photoefficiencies involved in the light-assisted mineralization of acetaldehyde to CO(2).
Oil Stain on Mild Steel Induced by Rust Preventive Oil

Oil stain on mild steel induced by rust preventive oil was studied to elucidate a mechanism of its formation. Modified oil stain testing method of Rock Island Arsenal Laboratory Illinois, U.S.A. was used. Oil stain was slightly observed in the system (liquid paraffine+rust inhibitor) at 75±3°C, while the addition of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, linolic acid) to this system induced a markeddegree of oil stain.In this mixed system (liquid paraffine+rust inhibitor+unsaturated fatty acid) effect of severaladditives known as antioxidants or radical scavengers was investigated. The formation of oil stainwas retarded by adding these agents, the ability of retardation of radical scavengers being stronger than that of antioxidants. A possible mechanism is proposed on the basis of these results.
Research on molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from food in Taizhou during 2008-2010

Objective:To study virulent genes distribution and molecular typing characteristics of V.parahaemolyticus isolates in Taizhou during 2008-2010,and provide basis for establishing DNA fingerprint mapping database of V.parahaemolyticus in Taizhou.Methods: Major virulence genes such as tdh,trh,tlh,ureC and T3SS-2(vscC2,vcrD2)were detected from the 52 strains using PCR methods,and some strains were analyzed for molecular typing by PFGE.Results: The genes tdh and vscC2 were detected only in the same one of 52 strains retained.There were 25 distractive PFGE patterns among the 25 strains,and cluster analysis showed morphology of the strains were completely different.Conclusion: This study reveals that V.parahaemolyticus isolates has low carrier rate of main virulence genes in Taizhou area,the polymorphism was found among the test strains and no dominant flora was found.All these showed that there was no prevalent trend of V.parahaemolyticus in local food of Taizhou.
Analysis and Discussion on Requirements for Plant 3D Shape Interactive Design Software

Digital plant becomes one of the hot issues in plant science,and plant 3 dimension(3D) shape modeling is the chief issue the digital plant research faced.One of technologies for digital plant shape structure modeling is the interactive 3D shape design.There are different requirement for plant 3D shape interactive design software,because there were different application fields including scientific researches,teaching in college and university,new variety extension,technical training,virtual and emulating display,etc.The main tasks and aims of plant 3D shape interactive design were analyzed in this paper.Combining the existing research findings and application instances,this paper also discussed about the potential requirements for design software,including system setting,shape designing,dynamic simulation,visible display and calculation.So as to provide technological references for plant 3D shape interactive design and even plant virtual simulation.
Grid-oriented load control and an innovative energy-conservation dispatch

There are mainly two kinds of plants in China,i.e.coal-fired cogeneration and condensing plant.The authors propose an energy-conservation dispatch between them,which is realized through space heating load control based on mass introduction of electric heat pumps(EHPs)on the users' side.Firstly,space heating service can be shared by heating radiators and EHPs through heating water or electricity as energy carriers.Secondly,the transmission distance of heating water and electricity consumption of EHPs for space heating are considered as the new variables.In addition,though the original space heating load and non-heating electricity load are kept same,the practical boundary conditions of space heating load and non-heating electricity load is expanded from the plants to the end users' side,which develops new constraints equivalently and results in the potential energy conservation dispatched.Finally through numerical simulation,the energy conservation is revealed to be affected by EHPs with various coefficient of performance(COP)and spatial distribution of space heating load.
TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY

Abstract. Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.
Effect of Methanol on Formation of Levulinates from Cellulosic Biomass

Levulinates (methyl levulinate and levulinic acid) were produced from cellulose and eucalyptus wood chips in water and/or methanol solution under acid catalysis. In water, only levulinic acid was formed, and its yield was 49–54 mol % of the glucan in biomass or about half of the glucan was wasted forming byproducts including insoluble humins. In a 90 vol % methanol solution, methyl levulinate was the main product, and the yield of levulinates reached 66 mol %. Protecting glucose from humins formation by quick conversion into methyl glucosides was found to be the key to a high yield of levulinates. Methanol had little effect on formation of humins and levulinates from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. In addition to the main reactions with glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levulinic acid, methanol was also consumed in other reactions that caused a substantial loss of methanol and presented a technical challenge to using methanol in biomass refining.
Dark Matter Searches at ATLAS

This chapter gives an overview of searches for dark matter (DM) at the ATLAS experiment of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A generalized introduction to DM is given in Chap. 3, in which Sect. 3.5 presents the three complementary approaches of DM searches, namely direct detection, indirect detection, and collider production. Similar collider-based searches for DM have been conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC as well, and to a lesser extent at the Tevatron, but they are not discussed here.
A Realistic View of Returning to the Classroom after Cancer. Survival: A Double Entendre.

Returning to work after cancer treatment provides its own set of challenges. The purpose of this research paper is to inform cancer survivors of the reality of returning to work after treatment. From personal experience and hearing others’ stories; I am convinced that getting back to a “normal” life is a large part of the recovery from cancer. Returning to work can be the conclusion to a very long battle and reassures survivors, that they truly have beaten the beast. The literature revealed that it takes time for the body to follow the head and heart when it comes to recovery. A case study approach was used in gathering and interpreting data following my recovery from cancer. Findings indicated that following chemotherapy treatments, returning to work takes a long period of time for one to learn how to function close to or at the level prior to the diagnosis. In conclusion, it is important for a cancer survivor to talk about the journey. This provides the all-important venue for one’s return to normalcy.
Assessment of performing experimental investigation on a pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) as a static packed bed approximation

Abstract Moving bed reactors have a wide range of applications in the chemical, petrochemical, and alternative energy industries in a special situation where there is a need to either continuously recirculate or replace solid particles catalysts. They are also under consideration as one of the 4th generation nuclear reactors known as pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR). In this work a continuous cold flow pebble recirculation experimental set-up, mimicking the flow of pebbles in a PBMR, is designed, developed, and tested at Missouri S&T. A unique experimental work has been performed on assessment of the possibility of using pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) as static packed bed approximation for the needed experimental investigation. For this purpose, a radioactive particle tracking (RPT) technique is implemented around the continuous pebble recirculation experimental set-up, to compare the packing characteristics of static and moving pebble beds. The photopeak counts during RPT calibration were collected by placing radioactive particle (tracer) at different positions in the test reactor under different operating conditions of moving and static conditions. The photopeak counts between moving and static conditions show that attenuation characteristics of the medium in between tracer and detectors are not changing significantly due to movement of pebbles. This confirms that PBMR could be well approximated by static packed beds for experimental investigation which simplify the needed experimentation to advance PBMR technology and commercialization. Obtained results are serving as a unique benchmark data for an evaluation of the contact force model that used in the discrete element method (DEM) based simulations.
Understanding the Effects of Cationic Dopants on α-MnO2 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis

Nickel-doped α-MnO2 nanowires (Ni−α-MnO2) were prepared with 3.4% or 4.9% Ni using a hydrothermal method. A comparison of the electrocatalytic data for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolyte versus that obtained with α-MnO2 or Cu−α-MnO2 is provided. In general, Ni-α-MnO2 (e.g., Ni-4.9%) had higher n values (n = 3.6), faster kinetics (k = 0.015 cm s–1), and lower charge transfer resistance (RCT = 2264 Ω at half-wave) values than MnO2 (n = 3.0, k = 0.006 cm s–1, RCT = 6104 Ω at half-wave) or Cu–α-MnO2 (Cu-2.9%, n = 3.5, k = 0.015 cm s–1, RCT = 3412 Ω at half-wave), and the overall activity for Ni−α-MnO2 trended with increasing Ni content, i.e., Ni-4.9% > Ni-3.4%. As observed for Cu−α-MnO2, the increase in ORR activity correlates with the amount of Mn3+ at the surface of the Ni−α-MnO2 nanowire. Examining the activity for both Ni−α-MnO2 and Cu−α-MnO2 materials indicates that the Mn3+ at the surface of the electrocatalysts dictates the activity trends within the overall series. Single nano...
A Novel Heuristic Passive and Active Matching Circuit Design Method for Wireless Power Transfer to Moving Objects

In this paper, a novel matching circuit design method utilizing a genetic algorithm (GA) and the measured S-parameters of randomly moved coil configurations is discussed. Through the detailed comparison of different matching circuit topologies, the superiority of active matching circuits is clearly demonstrated, and potentially there is 21.4% improvement in the wireless power transfer efficiency by using a four-cell active matching circuit, which can create 16 different impedance values. Also, the matching circuit design simulation can be further simplified by choosing a much smaller subset of representative impedance values for the utilized time-changing coil configuration through the employment of $k$ -means clustering and use only these values for the derivation of the optimal matching circuit. This heuristic approach could drastically reduce the time for the matching circuit design simulation, especially for matching circuit topologies with a larger number of cells.
How much groundwater did California's Central Valley lose during the 2012–2016 drought?

We estimate net groundwater storage change in the Central Valley from April 2002 to September 2016 as the difference between inflows and outflows, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and changes in soil moisture and surface water storage. We also estimate total water storage change attributable to groundwater change using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data, which should be equivalent to our water balance estimates. Over two drought periods within our 14-1/2 years study period (January 2007 to December 2009 and October 2012 to September 2016), we estimate from our water balance that a total of 16.5 km3 and 40.0 km3 of groundwater was lost, respectively. Our water balance-based estimate of the overall groundwater loss over the 14-1/2 years is −20.7 km3, which includes substantial recovery during nondrought periods The estimated rate of groundwater loss is greater during the recent drought (10.0 ± 0.2 versus 5.5 ± 0.3 km3/yr) than in the 2007–2009 drought, due to lower net inflows, a transition from row crops to trees, and higher crop water use, notwithstanding a reduction in irrigated area. The GRACE estimates of groundwater loss (−5.0 km3/yr for both water balance and GRACE during 2007–2009, and −11.2 km3/yr for GRACE versus −10 km3/yr for water balance during 2012–2016) are quite consistent for the two methods. However, over the entire study period, the GRACE-based groundwater loss estimate is almost triple that from the water balance, mostly because GRACE does not indicate the between-drought groundwater recovery that is inferred from our water balance.
Multi-Institutional Development of a Mastoidectomy Performance Evaluation Instrument.

Objective A method for rating surgical performance of a mastoidectomy procedure that is shown to apply universally across teaching institutions has not yet been devised. This work describes the development of a rating instrument created from a multi-institutional consortium. Design Using a participatory design and a modified Delphi approach, a multi-institutional group of expert otologists constructed a 15-element task-based checklist for evaluating mastoidectomy performance. This instrument was further refined into a 14-element checklist focusing on the concept of safety after using it to rate a large and varied population of performances. Setting Twelve otolaryngological surgical training programs in the United States. Participants A total of 14 surgeons from 12 different institutions took part in the construction of the instrument. Results By using 14 experts from 12 different institutions and a literature review, individual metrics were identified, rated as to the level of importance and operationally defined to create a rating scale for mastoidectomy performance. Initial use of the rating scale showed modest rater agreement. The operational definitions of individual metrics were modified to emphasize "safe" as opposed to "proper" technique. A second rating instrument was developed based on this feedback. Conclusions Using a consensus-building approach with multiple rounds of communication between experts is a feasible way to construct a rating instrument for mastoidectomy. Expert opinion alone using a Delphi method provides face and content validity evidence, however, this is not sufficient to develop a universally acceptable rating instrument. A continued process of development and experimentation to demonstrate evidence for reliability and validity making use of a large population of raters and performances is necessary to achieve universal acceptance.
Societal Implications of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development

Abstract The increase in unconventional drilling (UD) for oil and natural gas extraction—also known as fracking—in the United States has prompted a national debate with supporters and opponents who strongly defend each position. There are many important social, environmental, human health, and economic outcomes related to the practice of UD that have been the center of a debate about the practice. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the positive and negative effects of “fracking” on society at large using a social scientific framework. The first section outlines the process of UD and examines the health consequences of UD, the second section focuses on the consequences for the land and environment through interrelated policies, and the third section focuses on understanding the role of power and inequality on communities and individuals.
Improved Photoinduced Fluorogenic Alkene–Tetrazole Reaction for Protein Labeling

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between an alkene and a tetrazole represents one elegant and rare example of fluorophore-forming bioorthogonal chemistry. This is an attractive reaction for imaging applications in live cells that requires less intensive washing steps and/or needs spatiotemporal resolutions. In the present work, as an effort to improve the fluorogenic property of the alkene–tetrazole reaction, an aromatic alkene (styrene) was investigated as the dipolarophile. Over 30-fold improvement in quantum yield of the reaction product was achieved in aqueous solution. According to our mechanistic studies, the observed improvement is likely due to an insufficient protonation of the styrene–tetrazole reaction product. This finding provides useful guidance to the future design of alkene–tetrazole reactions for biological studies. Fluorogenic protein labeling using the styrene–tetrazole reaction was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. This was realized by the genetic incorporation of an unnatu...
HIV Status Disclosure Among Postpartum Women in Zambia with Varied Intimate Partner Violence Experiences.

HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women’s status disclosure to male sexual partners is associated with improved HIV and maternal and child health outcomes. Yet, status disclosure remains a challenge for many women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly those who are fearful of violence. The objective of the present study is to advance the current understanding of the relationship between intimate partner violence against women and their HIV status disclosure behaviors. We specifically evaluate how the severity, frequency, and type of violence against postpartum HIV-positive women affect status disclosure within married/cohabiting couples. A cross-sectional survey was administered by trained local research assistants to 320 HIV-positive postpartum women attending a large public health center for pediatric immunizations in Lusaka, Zambia. Survey data captured women’s self-reports of various forms of intimate partner violence and whether they disclosed their HIV status to the current male partner. Multiple logistic regression models determined the odds of status disclosure by the severity, frequency, and type of violence women experienced. Our findings indicate a negative dose–response relationship between the severity and frequency of intimate partner violence and status disclosure to male partners. Physical violence has a more pronounced affect on status disclosure than sexual or emotional violence. Safe options for women living with HIV who experience intimate partner violence, particularly severe and frequent physical violence, are urgently needed. This includes HIV counselors’ ability to evaluate the pros and cons of status disclosure among women and support some women’s decisions not to disclose.
Surrogate Alcohol or Nonbeverage Alcohol Consumption: The Surrogate Alcohol Questionnaire (SAQ).

Background Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorders and their sequelae are common clinical questions for the consultation-liaison psychiatrist. At an urban, academic medical center, the authors consulted on several patients whose consumption of alcohol included nonbeverage forms of alcohol, (described in the literature as surrogate alcohols, nonbeverage alcohols, e.g., mouthwash). Methods The authors describe 4 patients who presented with surrogate alcohol consumption. The authors review the clinical issues and literature related to surrogate alcohol use. The authors describe the array of substances, which either contain ethanol, but are not intended for drinking, or which contain other intoxicating alcohols (e.g., methanol), that are consumed in lieu of traditional beverage alcohol. Furthermore, the authors discuss standard medical treatment interventions for ethanol and non–ethanol based alcohols. The authors propose a screening tool, the surrogate alcohol questionnaire, a tool to facilitate better recognition of surrogate alcohol use.
Friendship Maintenance Mediates the Relationship Between Compassion for Others and Happiness

Displaying compassion for others (CFO) and utilizing friendship maintenance (FM) behaviors are positively associated with happiness. Two studies investigated FM as a mediator of the relationship between CFO and happiness (Study 1: N = 273; Study 2: N = 368). FM mediated the CFO-Happiness relationship in both studies regardless of the way happiness was measured. Although women had higher scores on both CFO and FM, the model was supported for both genders. The implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Improved survival rates in kidney cancer patients with brain metastases treated with modern multidisciplinary approaches.

601Background: Brain metastases (BM) in RCC have been associated with poor overall survival. Systemic targeted and immunotherapy and the increasing use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is likely ...
Youth and Popular Culture in Colonial Africa

This chapter presents a historical crossroads. It defines ‘colonial youth’ and ‘popular culture’ at the point of African and European engagement to ask what youth saw as the trends, issues, and cultural contexts that mattered to them. Here, Pan-African theory frames a Weberian view of popular culture to look at the masses versus the elite as applied to Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘cultural capital’ known as cultural aspects that provide access to power and prestige within the dominant society. Selective group experiences are presented to extrapolate general trends and differences across the continent. Colonial youth engaged as colonized and resistor representative of a cross-section of African societies’ negotiated experiences within the realities of European colonization. This chapter describes colonial youth’s changing times and how they defined popular culture through lived experiences.
Comprehensive simulation of nitrate transport in coupled surface-subsurface hydrologic systems using the linked SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model

Abstract This paper presents SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D, a model that couples the semi-distributed watershed model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) with the groundwater flow model MODFLOW and the groundwater solute reactive transport model RT3D to simulate nitrate (NO3) fate and transport in a watershed system. The model is based on a recently developed SWAT-MODFLOW model, with RT3D now called as a subroutine within the MODFLOW code to provide a single, stand-alone model code. RT3D uses NO3 concentration of deep percolation water from SWAT and groundwater heads and flows from MODFLOW to simulate spatially-varying groundwater NO3 concentration and NO3 loading to/from streams, with the latter used by SWAT to route NO3 mass through the network. Model use is demonstrated through an application to the Sprague River Watershed (4100 km2) in Oregon. Other chemical species of interest can be included in the RT3D reaction module in applications of the model to other watersheds.
System-in-Package is Coming to Consumer Products: Is Test Ready?

SiP enables integration of heterogeneous technologies like RF, memory, analog and passives (RLC) into one package, which otherwise is very difficult, if not impossible, to do on a single die. This property of SiP has allowed it to become a viable and accepted complement to system-on-a-chip (SoC) in reducing physical volume, weight, and power consumption; characteristics that are especially valuable for portable, personal electronics. Examples of these products are cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, music players, global positioning systems, digital cameras, and combinations thereof. The fact, that portable personal electronics is one of the fastest growing markets, draws the industry’s attention to any problems in its way.
A System of Reciprocity

A System of Reciprocity is a way of thinking and working within an existing system to generate resources or services that one does not have, in return for giving resources or services that one does have. A System of Reciprocity has been employed to create mutual benefit for students, faculty, the department, the college, and the university. A key element is that those involved in the system are aware of their involvement and how it directly benefits them. The synergy created by this faculty-student effort allows both to accomplish far more than either could accomplish alone.
VIOLENCE AND ASSOCIATED HIGH-RISK HEALTH BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS: Substance Abuse, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Pregnancy of Adolescents

The intricate relationship between the social and health behaviors of persons of all ages has long been described. In adolescent health care, the risk-taking behaviors that are recognized in the areas of sexuality, drug and alcohol abuse, and violence need to be addressed. This article discusses adolescent risk behaviors and their relationships to violence. Health care providers need to consider these risk behaviors as they care for adolescents.
Practical Unix Security - Securing IBM's AIX.

This paper describes the process involved in securing a computer running AIX IBM's version of unix. AIX is derived from the BSD and System V variants of unix, with the addition of a system and device configuration database the ODM. This has led to the creation of a large number of system-specific configuration and management commands which should be used instead of the default unix commands. For this reason, effectively securing an AIX system requires a system-specific approach. In any case, all versions of unix are sufficiently different to warrant a version specific implementation of general unix security guidelines.
Parent-Adolescent Concordance in Borderline Pathology and why it Matters

The aims of the current study were to: 1) identify patterns of agreement between parent-adolescent dyads on reports of adolescent borderline personality features utilizing latent class analysis (LCA) and 2) examine the clinical implications of class membership for indices of psychiatric severity and internal psychological resources. The sample included 643 adolescent inpatients. Borderline personality features were assessed by both adolescents and parents using the Borderline Personality Features Scale - Child (BPFS-C; Crick et al. 2005) and Borderline Personality Features Scale - Parent (BPFS-P; Sharp et al. 2010), respectively. Following recommended statistical approaches for evaluating rater concordance, LCA was utilized to identify distinct classes of parent-adolescent dyads based on concordance/discrepancy in BPFS reports. The subsequent classes were then related to outcome measures of psychiatric severity and internal psychological resources (emotion regulation and experiential acceptance). LCA identified 3 classes of parent-adolescent dyads: 2 convergent classes demonstrating BPFS-P and BPFS-C agreement at a moderate and high level and a divergent class consisting of dyads reporting clinically significant scores on the BPFS-P but clinically negligible BPFS-C scores. Both convergent classes evidenced higher rates of psychiatric severity and lower access to internal resources. The current study is the first to use LCA to examine the relation between informant concordance on reports of DSM-based adolescent borderline pathology in a clinical sample. The significance of the discrepancies within and between classes is discussed with relation to psychosocial outcomes, the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and implications for what it means when parents and adolescents disagree.
Cybersickness-Provoking Virtual Reality Alters Brain Signals of Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

This study investigates and compares brain signals between persons with and without Multiple Sclerosis (MS) when exposed to cybersickness-provoking Virtual Reality (VR). Cybersickness is a set of discomforts and commonly triggered by VR exposure. It has symptoms similar to motion sickness, such as dizziness, nausea, and disorientation etc. Although cybersickness has been studied for decades, populations with neurological disabilities, such as MS, have remained minimally studied. Cybersickness could have negative impact on effectiveness of VR-based rehabilitation systems and limit the accessibility of VR for persons with disabilities. MS can disrupt communication between neurons (signal carrying nerve cells) from different areas of the brain. Cybersickness also can affect brain signals, for example, frequency powers may change due to cybersickness. This study investigates the combination of MS and cybersickness in terms of brain signals. To investigate the effect of cybersickness on participants' brain signals, electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded before, during and after exposure to a cybersickness-provoking VR driving simulation. The EEG data suggests that in response to cybersickness-provoking VR exposure, participants with MS have mostly shown similar changes in brain activity with different magnitudes than participants without MS. Also, for at least one scalp location we have found completely opposite brain signals in MS-Group when compared to Non-MS-Group. Difference in magnitude or completely different trend in brain signals can imply that cybersickness affects persons with MS differently than persons without MS and may be different cybersickness reduction techniques are required for different populations.
Comparison of pharmacologic prophylaxis in prevention of venous thromboembolism following total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Anticoagulants are used following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE). These drugs reduce VTE risk but may lead to bleeding-related complications. Recently, surgeons have advocated using antiplatelet agents including aspirin (ASA). However, there is no consensus regarding which medication has the optimal risk/benefit profile. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of VTE using different anticoagulants in anticoagulation-naive patients being discharged home after TKA. Methods A national private insurance database was used to identify patients undergoing unilateral TKA. Patients with a prior history of VTE were excluded. Anticoagulants included ASA, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors (XaI), and fondaparinux. Postoperative complications, including VTE, blood transfusion, myocardial infarction, and hematoma, were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Risk of each complication was compared between groups using multivariate logistic regression controlling for demographics, length of stay, and comorbidities. Results Of 30,813 patients, 1.82% were diagnosed with VTE. Using ASA as a baseline, there was significantly decreased risk of VTE with LMWH (OR 0.47), XaI (OR 0.50), and fondaparinux (OR 0.32). There was significantly higher risk of transfusion with LMWH (OR 1.56) and fondaparinux (OR 1.84), but no difference in hematoma between medications. Conclusions This study shows that there is a decreased risk of VTE with LMWH, XaI, and fondaparinux compared to ASA. However, these medications also had higher rates of bleeding-associated complications. The choice of pharmacologic prophylaxis should be made based on a balance of the risk/benefit profile of each medication. Level of evidence III.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Peer Assessment for Coding Assignments in Large Lecture Based Programming Engineering Courses

This Research to Practice Full Paper presents the feasibility and student acceptability of peer assessment methods for a large lecture-based computer programming course. Peer assessment is a widely used and successful method for learning in higher education, and has been extensively used in diverse fields. However, the application of this technique in computer programming courses has been limited, and typically has only been feasibly performed in online courses and provided in an online format. For those courses where students attend lectures with large class sizes, in-person peer assessment may provide a more effective technique to learn a programming language while providing the necessary feedback that instructors are not able to provide due to limited resources. As a result, the following research questions were posed: 1) is it feasible to implement inperson peer assessments of coding assignments in a large lecture based course? 2) to what extent do students and instructors find this approach acceptable? 3) do students who find peer grading acceptable improve their homework performance on coding assignments? To test the feasibility of this concept, in-person peer assessments of coding assignments were performed in a large programming course. Specifically, 118 students assessed a paper version of their peer's coding assignment. These sessions were compared to a control assignment that was not peer assessed. Quantitative as well as qualitative assessments of whether the peer assessment sessions improved students' coding abilities were analyzed. It was found that it was feasible to implement inperson peer assessment for large class sizes. From online surveys, it was found that students enjoyed the peer assessment session, and had an overall positive attitude. Finally, the positive findings on the effect of students' abilities to learn a programming language and improve their homework performance demonstrated that this technique may become an important tool to improve student learning in large lecture based programming courses. As a result, this study fills a considerable gap in the literature regarding in-person peer grading for large class sizes. If further tested, this technique may shape future curricula of large programming courses and provide a scalable technique for creating meaningful feedback on assignments.
Does cannabis legalisation change healthcare utilisation? A population-based study using the healthcare cost and utilisation project in Colorado, USA

Objective To assess the effect of cannabis legalisation on health effects and healthcare utilisation in Colorado (CO), the first state to legalise recreational cannabis, when compared with two control states, New York (NY) and Oklahoma (OK). Design We used the 2010 to 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project (HCUP) inpatient databases to compare changes in rates of healthcare utilisation and diagnoses in CO versus NY and OK. Setting Population-based, inpatient. Participants HCUP state-wide data comprising over 28 million individuals and over 16 million hospitalisations across three states. Main outcome measures We used International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition codes to assess changes in healthcare utilisation specific to various medical diagnoses potentially treated by or exacerbated by cannabis. Diagnoses were classified based on weight of evidence from the National Academy of Science (NAS). Negative binomial models were used to compare rates of admissions between states. Results In CO compared with NY and OK, respectively, cannabis abuse hospitalisations increased (risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.28 and RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.17; both p Conclusions Recreational cannabis legalisation is associated with neutral effects on healthcare utilisation. In line with previous evidence, cannabis liberalisation is linked to an increase in motor vehicle accidents, alcohol abuse, overdose injuries and a decrease in chronic pain admissions. Such population-level effects may help guide future decisions regarding cannabis use, prescription and policy.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Point-of-care ultrasound using small ultrasound devices has expanded beyond emergency and critical care medicine to many other subspecialties. Awareness of the strengths and limitations of the technology and knowledge of the appropriate settings and common indications for point-of-care ultrasound is important. Point-of-care ultrasound is widely embraced as an extension of the physical exam and is employed in acute care and medical education settings. Echocardiography laboratories involved in education must individualize training to the intended scope of practice of the user. Advances in artificial intelligence may assist in image acquisition and interpretation by novice users. Point-of-care ultrasound is widely available in a variety of clinical settings. The field has advanced substantially in the past 2 decades and will likely continue to expand with advancement in technology, reduced cost, and improved opportunities to assist new users.
Integrated mechanistic engineering models and macroeconomic input–output approach to model physical economy for evaluating the impact of transition to a circular economy

Sustainable transition to low carbon and zero waste economy requires a macroscopic evaluation of opportunities and impact of adopting emerging technologies in a region. However, a full assessment of current physical flow and waste is a tedious task, thus leading to a lack of comprehensive assessment before scale up and adoption of emerging technologies. Utilizing the mechanistic models developed for engineering and biological systems with the macroeconomic framework of Input–Output models, we propose a novel integrated approach to fully map the physical economy, that automates the process of mapping industrial flows and wastes in a region. The approach is demonstrated by mapping the agro-based physical economy of the state of Illinois, USA by using mechanistic models for 10 agro-based sectors, which have a high impact on waste generation. Each model mechanistically simulates the material transformation processes in the economic sector and provides the necessary material flow information for physical economy mapping. The model for physical economy developed in the form of a Physical Input–Output Table (PIOT) captures the interindustry physical interactions in the region and waste flows, thus providing insight into the opportunities to implement circular economy strategies i.e., adoption of recycling technologies on a large scale. In Illinois, adoption of technologies for industrial waste-water and hog manure recycling will have the highest impact by reducing >62% of hog industry waste outputs, >99% of soybean hull waste, and >96% of dry corn milling (corn ethanol production) waste reduction. A small % reduction in nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing waste was also observed. The physical economy model revealed that the urea sector had the highest material use of 5.52 × 108 tons and green bean farming with the lowest material use of 1.30 × 105 tons for the year modeled (2018). The mechanistic modeling also allowed elemental flows across the physical economy to be captured, with the urea sector using 8.25 × 107 tons of elemental carbon per operation-year (highest) and green bean farming using 3.90 × 104 tons of elemental carbon per operation-year (least). The approach proposed here establishes a connection between engineering and physical economy modeling community for standardizing the mapping of physical economy that can provide insights for successfully transitioning to a low carbon and zero waste circular economy.
Assessment of radiology baseline knowledge of freshman North American dental students prior to any formal instruction.

INTRODUCTION There is a wide variation in the knowledge related to oral radiology. This study aims to assess the prior knowledge of radiology among freshman dental students prior to beginning any formal dental school instruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS 139 newly matriculated freshman dental students were asked to complete a seven-question radiology take home survey regarding their prior knowledge. The questionnaire was built within their course site and was presented prior to beginning the radiology lectures. RESULTS The responses were varied for all seven questions based on previous experiences and existing knowledge. Significant variation was noted in responses to Q4, Q6, and Q7 as opposed to Qs 1-3 and 5. Many students believed that the acquisition of radiographs should be selective. The acquisition of radiographs in pregnant women yielded comments in line with the belief that dose and frequency of radiation exposure would impact the health of the pregnant woman and developing fetus. Additionally, many students agreed with the statement regarding orthodontists over-radiating children as reported in the New York Times. Perceptions based on social media and news outlets needs to be addressed and changed in a dental school setting based on evidence. CONCLUSION Dental school instruction must use the cues from surveys similar to that used in this research and structure their instruction to increase the critical teaching of radiology. The eventual goal of such an instruction would be to have a scientifically accurate information and remove the perceptions that the students came with when they began their dental education.
Metabolic Profiling and Enzyme Analyses Indicate a Potential Role of Antioxidant Systems in Complementing Glyphosate Resistance in an Amaranthus palmeri Biotype

Metabolomics and biochemical assays were employed to identify physiological perturbations induced by a commercial formulation of glyphosate in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes of Amaranthus palmeri. At 8 h after treatment (HAT), compared to the respective water-treated control, cellular metabolism of both biotypes were similarly perturbed by glyphosate, resulting in abundance of most metabolites including shikimic acid, amino acids, organic acids and sugars. However, by 80 HAT the metabolite pool of glyphosate-treated R-biotype was similar to that of the control S- and R-biotypes, indicating a potential physiological recovery. Furthermore, the glyphosate-treated R-biotype had lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, higher ROS scavenging activity, and higher levels of potential antioxidant compounds derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. Thus, metabolomics, in conjunction with biochemical assays, indicate that glyphosate-induced metabolic perturbations are not limited to the shikimate pathway, and the oxidant quenching efficiency could potentially complement the glyphosate resistance in this R-biotype.
Employment and multiple sclerosis: Policy, programming, and research recommendations

The article presents recommendations for policymakers, service providers, and consumers to improve the bleak career development prospects for Americans with multiple sclerosis (MS). It suggests intervention strategies, research initiatives, and information dissemination activities for future consideration.
A fatal response to xylazine and ketamine in a group of rabbits.

A fatal response to a usually safe xylazine-ketamine anaesthetic regimen was observed in a group of rabbits. Although the physiological state of the rabbits before the drug injections was altered by a laboratory procedure, similar states may occur in nature. Neither ketamine nor xylazine was fatal when injected alone, but when injected in combination five out of seven rabbits died. The cardiovascular effects produced by the drug combination were similar to those produced by xylazine alone (Sanford and Colby, 1980). Arterial pH fell from an average of 7.444 to 7.148 after the combination, but the separate effects of the drugs on blood pH were minimal. This report is designed to alert others to the possibility of fatalities and to suggest a possible pathogenesis.