cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancing Knowledge for Proactive Drought Planning and Enhancing Adaptive Management for Drought on Rangelands: Introduction to a Special Issue

On the Ground Drought adversely affects land managers, ranching enterprises, and pastoral systems. As an ecological driver, drought historically shaped vegetation composition, structure, diversity, and productivity of rangelands leading to varying levels of resilience in these ecosystems. Drought influences risk management in decision making by rangeland managers, resulting in a renewed emphasis on the importance of proactive drought planning and adaptive management for drought with monitoring-informed decision making.
Security Implications of Data Mining in Cloud Scheduling

Cloud providers host an increasing number of popular applications, on the premise of resource flexibility and cost efficiency . Most of these systems expose virtualized resources of different types and sizes. As instances share the same physical host to increase utilization, they contend on hardware resources, e.g., last-level cache, making them vulnerable to side-channel attacks from co-scheduled applications. In this work we show that using data mining techniques can help an adversarial user of the cloud determine the nature and characteristics of co-scheduled applications and negatively impact their performance through targeted contention injections. We design Bolt, a simple runtime that extracts the sensitivity of co-scheduled applications to various types of interference and uses this signal to determine the type of these applications by applying a set of data mining techniques. We validate the accuracy of Bolt on a 39-server cluster. Bolt correctly identifies the type and characteristics of 81 percent out of 108 victim applications, and constructs specialized contention signals that degrade their performance. We also use Bolt to find the most commonly-run applications on EC2. We hope that underlining such security vulnerabilities in modern cloud facilities will encourage cloud providers to introduce stronger resource isolation primitives in their systems.
Balancing the Robustness and Efficiency of Odor Representations during Learning

For reliable stimulus identification, sensory codes have to be robust by including redundancy to combat noise, but redundancy sacrifices coding efficiency. To address how experience affects the balance between the robustness and efficiency of sensory codes, we probed odor representations in the mouse olfactory bulb during learning over a week, using longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging. When mice learned to discriminate between two dissimilar odorants, responses of mitral cell ensembles to the two odorants gradually became less discrete, increasing the efficiency. In contrast, when mice learned to discriminate between two very similar odorants, the initially overlapping representations of the two odorants became progressively decorrelated, enhancing the robustness. Qualitatively similar changes were observed when the same odorants were experienced passively, a condition that would induce implicit perceptual learning. These results suggest that experience adjusts odor representations to balance the robustness and efficiency depending on the similarity of the experienced odorants.
Energy window optimization in simultaneous SPECT(Tl-201)/TCT(Tc-99m) data acquisition

In simultaneous SPECT(Tl-201)/TCT(Tc-99m) data acquisition, emission and transmission images are degraded by both scatter photons and cross-contamination between emission and transmission photons. In this work, the authors aim to reduce these image degradations by optimizing the position and width of the energy window in a triple-camera fan-beam SPECT system. A statistical criterion based on maximizing the Figure-of-Merit (FOM) was used in the optimization by determining a compromise between increased detection efficiency of primary photons and reduced scatter and contamination photons. Scatter events were modeled using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. Experimental studies were performed to verify the simulations and to estimate the lead X-rays and scatter in the collimator which were not modeled in the MC program. Results suggest that cross-contamination degrades the emission and transmission data. However, they do not significantly alter the optimal energy window settings which centered at 75 keV with a window width of 30-35% for detecting the Tl emission photons, and centered at 140 keV with a window width of 15/spl sim/20% for detecting the Tc transmission photons. >
Total Anomalous Coronary Venous Return: Strategic Planning in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

A 57-year-old woman with recurrent, symptomatic, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, refractory to multiple cardioversions and oral antiarrhythmic therapy, was referred for pulmonary vein isolation. To evaluate pulmonary vein anatomy and assist with 3-dimensional mapping, pre-procedural cardiac computed
Microrna Expression Profile Identifies Distinct Clinically Relevant Sub-Groups in Multiple Myeloma: Novel Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets for Therapy

MicroRNA, an abundant class of small endogenous RNAs, regulate target genes through inducing translational inhibition and cleavage of targeted transcripts. To date, microRNAs have been implicated in normal biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation as well as in malignant transformation. However, their role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unknown. Here we investigated role of microRNAs in myelomagenesis, and their influence on prognosis and clinical outcome. We evaluated profiles of 384 microRNAs in bone marrow derived CD138+ plasma cells (PC) from 79 uniformly treated MM patients, 11 MM cell lines and 9 healthy donors using qRT-PCR based microRNA array. The relative expression was calculated using comparative Ct method, and data was normalized using endogenous controls and analyzed using SDS, RQ manager, R and dChip softwares. MicroRNA expression profiles detected in MM patients were correlated with clinical outcome measures. We observed significant modulate expression of 61 microRNAs in myeloma cells compared to normal plasma cells. When more stringent criteria were used, we identified 24 differentially expressed microRNAs in patient samples. Further, unsupervised hierarchical clustering of filtered microRNAs, based on their DCt values, identified two major groups within the MM population (groups A and group B). Samples of Group A clusters with MM cell lines, indicating more proliferative nature of MM patient cells. Within B group, a second degree node group B2, clusters with normal plasma cells indicating more indolent course, while patients in an additional node B1 represented an assorted pattern. The unsupervised clustering of all MM samples showed consistent changes in miR-30b, -30c, -30d, -142-5p, -24, -191, -181d, -374, -146b, -140, -145, -125a, -151, -223, -155, let7b, indicative of a role of these microRNA in myelomagenesis; while supervised analysis of samples within groups A and B identified modulated expression of different sets of miRNAs. In group A miR-585 and let-7f were upregulated 8–12 fold, while miRs -125a, -126, -155, -223, -146a, -374 -19a, -20a, -26a, -30a -5p, -30b, and -30d were significantly downregulated; in group B, all differentially expressed microRNAs were downregulated (p
Characterization of the anti-PD-1 antibody REGN2810 and its antitumor activity in human PD-1 knock-in mice

The Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor delivers inhibitory checkpoint signals to activated T cells upon binding to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on antigen-presenting cells and cancer cells, resulting in suppression of T-cell effector function and tumor immune evasion. Clinical antibodies blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 restore the cytotoxic function of tumor antigen-specific T cells, yielding durable objective responses in multiple cancers. This report describes the preclinical characterization of REGN2810, a fully human hinge-stabilized IgG4(S228P) high-affinity anti-PD-1 antibody that potently blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1 and PD-L2. REGN2810 was characterized in a series of binding, blocking, and functional cell-based assays, and preclinical in vivo studies in mice and monkeys. In cell-based assays, REGN2810 reverses PD-1-dependent attenuation of T-cell receptor signaling in engineered T cells and enhances responses of human primary T cells. To test the in vivo activity of REGN2810, which does not cross-react with murine PD-1, knock-in mice were generated to express a hybrid protein containing the extracellular domain of human PD-1, and transmembrane and intracellular domains of mouse PD-1. In these mice, REGN2810 binds the humanized PD-1 receptor and inhibits growth of MC38 murine tumors. As REGN2810 binds to cynomolgus monkey PD-1 with high affinity, pharmacokinetic and toxicologic assessment of REGN2810 was performed in cynomolgus monkeys. High doses of REGN2810 were well tolerated, without adverse immune-related effects. These preclinical studies validate REGN2810 as a potent and promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 861-70. ©2017 AACR.
Accurate model annotation of a near-atomic resolution cryo-EM map

Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has been used to determine the atomic coordinates (models) from density maps of biological assemblies. These models can be assessed by their overall fit to the experimental data and stereochemical information. However, these models do not annotate the actual density values of the atoms nor their positional uncertainty. Here, we introduce a computational procedure to derive an atomic model from a cryo-EM map with annotated metadata. The accuracy of such a model is validated by a faithful replication of the experimental cryo-EM map computed using the coordinates and associated metadata. The functional interpretation of any structural features in the model and its utilization for future studies can be made in the context of its measure of uncertainty. We applied this protocol to the 3.3-A map of the mature P22 bacteriophage capsid, a large and complex macromolecular assembly. With this protocol, we identify and annotate previously undescribed molecular interactions between capsid subunits that are crucial to maintain stability in the absence of cementing proteins or cross-linking, as occur in other bacteriophages.
Diaper-Embedded Urinary Tract Infection Monitoring Sensor Module Powered by Urine-Activated Batteries

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in humans. UTI is easily treatable using antibiotics if identified in early stage. However, without early identification and treatment, UTI can be a major source of serious complications in geriatric patients, in particular, those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Also, for infants who have difficulty in describing their symptoms, UTI may lead to serious development of the disease making early identification of UTI crucial. In this paper, we present a diaper-embedded, wireless, self-powered, and autonomous UTI monitoring sensor module that allows an early detection of UTI with minimal effort. The sensor module consists of a paper-based colorimetric nitrite sensor, urine-activated batteries, a boost dc–dc converter, a low-power sensor interface utilizing pulse width modulation, and a Bluetooth low energy module for wireless transmission. Experimental results show a better detection of nitrite, a surrogate of UTI, than that of conventional dipstick testing. The proposed sensor module achieves a sensitivity of 1.35 ms/(mg/L) and a detection limit of 4 mg/L for nitrite.
Is the Right to Private Property a Fundamental or an Economic Right

Our common law history and the provisions of the U.S. Constitution strongly suggest that private property rights are fundamental rights. As such, some sort of deep and broad societal consensus would seem to be required for change in the character of this fundamental right, and it is necessary and proper that the impositions on those rights that we permit to be exercised by the sovereign power residing in the people be strictly limited.This article defines fundamental and economic rights, looks at their differences, and examines whether eminent domain power is a fundamental right. A brief legal history of Anglo-American private property law is given, covering ancient Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon England, England after the Norman Conquest and during the Middle Ages, and in the British North American colonies. This history shows that private property rights were considered as fundamental, even foundational, elements of the common law and by the founders of the U.S. Constitution. Four contemporary threats to the fundamental nature of private property rights are then highlighted, in the areas of eminent domain, regulatory takings, public trust doctrine, and discrimination laws. The author concludes with examples of the difference it would make - and the need for this difference - in these areas to treat private property rights as fundamental rights.
On the Root Cause of Dropout-Induced Contraction Process in D2D-Based Mobile Social Networks

Device-to-device (D2D)-based mobile social networking (MSN) has been touted as a low-power, low-cost alternative to conventional MSN over cellular and WiFi networks. Nevertheless, the open nature of communication channels and the users' social activity that tend to decline over time expose D2D-based MSN to network contractions, which is a consequence of initial dropouts, combined with the jointly unsuccessful information delivery and social contacts. As a result, the network may found some of its users to vanish without knowing the cause of such dropouts. This, however, is a desirable knowledge that can guide towards the design of effective countermeasure schemes. In this paper, we study the problem of deciding whether initial dropouts are social or communication-induced, given the outcome of the network contractions. To do so, we define a minimum utility ratio that quantifies the worst-case impact of network contractions generated by initial dropouts. We derive self-consistent equations for computing the different minimum utility ratios caused by social and communication-based dropouts. We further show that this metric may exhibit different scaling order behaviors, depending on the root cause of initial dropouts. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed self-consistent equations and scaling order analysis can effectively distinguish social and communication-induced network contractions.
Cooling rate and starvation affect supercooling point and cold tolerance of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts fourth instar larvae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae).

Abstract Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is an important insect pest of stored products. In this study, the survival strategies of T. granarium fourth instar larvae were investigated at different sub-zero temperatures following different cooling rates, acclimation to different relative humidity (RH) and different starvation times. Our results show that larvae of T. granarium are freeze-intolerant. There was a strong link between cooling rates and supercooling point, which means the slower the decrease in temperature, the lower the supercooling point. Trehalose content was greater in insects cooled at a rate of 0.5 °C/min. According to results, the RH did not affect supercooling point. However, acclimation to an RH of 25% increased mortality following exposure to − 10 °C/24 h. The time necessary to reach 95% mortality was 1737 h and 428 h at − 5 °C and − 10 °C. The lowest lipid and trehalose content was detected in insects acclimated to 25% RH, although, the different RH treatments did not significantly affect glycogen content of T. granarium larvae. The supercooling point of larvae was gradually increased following starvation. By contrast, fed larvae had the greatest lipid, glycogen, and trehalose content, and insects starved for eight days had the lowest energy contents. There was a sharp decline in the survival of larvae between − 11 and − 18 °C after 1 h exposure. Our results indicate the effects of cooling rate and starvation on energy reserves and survival of T. granarium . We conclude that T. granarium may not survive under similar stress conditions of the stored products.
Coeur d'Alene Tribe's Claims in the Coeur d'Alene-Spokane River Basin Adjudication

A short introduction to the claims filed by the United States on behalf of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe in the Coeur d'Alene-Spokane River Basin Adjudication.
Survey of Bedside Clinical Neurologic Assessments in U.S. PICUs.

Objective:To understand how routine bedside clinical neurologic assessments are performed in U.S. PICUs.Design:Electronic survey.Setting:Academic PICUs throughout the United States.Subjects:Faculty representatives from PICUs throughout the United States.Interventions:None.Measurements and Main Resul
The Rewards of a Career in Finance

Erin is a 29-year-old financial planner. She is facing her first set of gender-related setbacks. Erin is concerned she’s not on partner track due to her inability to comfortably socialize with her male superiors at bars and on the golf course. She also recently became aware that the administrative staff projected their girlfriends’ or mothers’ “nagging” onto her when she gives them instructions or follows up on client progress. In her annual review, she noticed that she and the other female financial planner in the firm were more harshly criticized than their male peers for the firm’s shortcomings.
Constant Yield Harvesting of Population Systems

The roots of modern mathematical ecology lie in attempts to model population systems whose sizes were estimated from catch data, notably the hare and lynx data compiled by the Hudson’s Bay Company and the oscillation of fish populations in the Adriatic Sea [Volterra (1931)]. For more than 25 years the study of systems from which members are harvested has been of importance in the management of fisheries, see [Schaefer (1954)] or [Beverton and Holt (1957)] for the origins of such studies. Here, information about population size is used to estimate feasible catch sizes.
Acyclic isoprenoids – molecular indicators of archaeal activity in contemporary and ancient Chinese saline/hypersaline environments

Acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons are found to be the predominant components in the organic matter extracted from sedimentary cores and oils of various hypersaline settings, including Tertiary Janghan salt lake basin, Cretaceous Taian salt lake basin, and Triassic, Permian and Cambrian Yangtze evaporitic marine platform. Inland saline lake basins are characterized by tremendous predominance of phytane (iC20) ranging up to 15% of the total extract. While the evaporitic marine sediments are unique for their complete series of super-long-chain acyclic isoprenoids, up to C40. These isoprenoids possess head-to-head, tail-to-tail or regular linkages and generally are indicators of the significant contribution from various archaea (archaebacteria), i.e. halophiles, methanogens and acidothermophiles. According to the great discrepancy of distribution and composition of isoprenoids, these modern and Cenozoic inland salt lake sediments are likely dominated by halophilic archaea, while the studied Mesozoic and Paleozoic evaporitic marine sediments are predominantly distinguished by methanogens and acidothermophiles. Concentration of chlorine salt is more directly proportional to the abundance of phytane than sulfate. Reduced species of sulfur, sulfide, S0 and organic sulfur compounds (OSC), however, may have played a key role in the preservation and formation of the highly abundant phytane observed in the inland salt lake basins.
Thyroid Ultrasound and the Increase in Diagnosis of Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer.

Context Thyroid cancer incidence increased with the greatest change in adults aged ≥65 years. Objective To determine the relationship between area-level use of imaging and thyroid cancer incidence over time. Design, Setting and Participants Longitudinal imaging patterns in Medicare patients aged ≥65 years residing in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) regions were assessed in relationship to differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosis in patients aged ≥65 years included in SEER-Medicare. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to determine factors associated with thyroid cancer incidence over time. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine patient characteristics associated with receipt of thyroid ultrasound as initial imaging. Main Outcome Measure Thyroid cancer incidence. Results Between 2002 and 2013, thyroid ultrasound use as initial imaging increased (P < 0.001). Controlling for time and demographics, use of thyroid ultrasound was associated with thyroid cancer incidence (P < 0.001). Findings persisted when cohort was restricted to papillary thyroid cancer (P < 0.001), localized papillary thyroid cancer (P = 0.004), and localized papillary thyroid cancer with tumor size ≤1 cm (P = 0.01). Based on our model, from 2003 to 2013, at least 6594 patients aged ≥65 years were diagnosed with thyroid cancer in the United States due to increased use of thyroid ultrasound. Thyroid ultrasound as initial imaging was associated with female sex and comorbidities. Conclusion Greater thyroid ultrasound use led to increased diagnosis of low-risk thyroid cancer, emphasizing the need to reduce harms through reduction in inappropriate ultrasound use and adoption of nodule risk stratification tools.
Review of Drivers and Barriers of Water and Sanitation Policies for Urban Informal Settlements in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries

Abstract This study examined drivers and barriers of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) policies in urban informal settlements in low and middle-income countries. We conducted a search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2018. We organized evidence into six domains of drivers and barriers: economic, spatial, social, institutional, political, and informational. Key drivers included donor prioritization and collective action, while key barriers included social exclusion, lack of land or dwelling tenure status, the political economy of decision-making, and insufficient data. Ensuring responsive water and sanitation policies for informal settlements will require inter-disciplinary collaboration and both top-down and bottom-up approaches.
Moral Imagination and Truth

Several years after I wrote the article in the last chapter, “Business Ethics as Moral Imagination,” I published another article that was commentary on Patricia Werhane’s Ruffin Lecture on moral imagination. In this chapter, I focus on the part of that paper where I develop some of my own views on moral imagination by drawing on Iris Murdoch’s work. Murdoch is both a philosopher and a novelist. I became interested in her after reading her novel, The Sea, The Sea. It’s a great story that keeps the reader wondering about whether the protagonist’s perceptions of the woman he desires are true. I was pleased to then discover that Murdoch had also written an excellent analysis of moral imagination and art in her book, Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals. After reading this book, it seemed to me that her novel was a clever extended example of what Murdoch, the philosopher, had to say about imagination, art, and our perceptions of truth.
Gaucher’s Disease

Gaucher’s disease is one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases and it may present with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone disease, lung disease, and a neurodegenerative brain disease. There are three common forms of Gaucher’s disease: type 1 typically presents without neurological involvement and type 2 and type 3 appear to be a spectrum of either rapidly progressive disease with death by 4 years of age or a slowly progressive neurological disease. Treatment consists of enzyme replacement therapy, which leads to a reduction in liver and spleen size and improvement of bone disease, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, but does not change neurological involvement or progression of disease.
Heart Rate Variability Analysis: How Much Artifact Can We Remove?

Objective Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluates small beat-to-beat time interval (BBI) differences produced by the heart and suggested as a marker of the autonomic nervous system. Artifact produced by movement with wrist worn devices can significantly impact the validity of HRV analysis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of small errors in BBI selection on HRV analysis and produce a foundation for future research in mental health wearable technology. Methods This was a sub-analysis from a prospective observational clinical trial registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03030924). A cohort of 10 subject's HRV tracings from a wearable wrist monitor without any artifact were manipulated by the study team to represent the most common forms of artifact encountered. Results Root mean square of successive differences stayed below a clinically significant change when up to 5 beats were selected at the wrong time interval and up to 36% of BBIs was removed. Standard deviation of next normal intervals stayed below a clinically significant change when up to 3 beats were selected at the wrong time interval and up to 36% of BBIs were removed. High frequency HRV shows significant changes when more than 2 beats were selected at the wrong time interval and any BBIs were removed. Conclusion Time domain HRV metrics appear to be more robust to artifact compared to frequency domains. Investigators examining wearable technology for mental health should be aware of these values for future analysis of HRV studies to improve data quality.
Die Antwort der modernen Biomedizin

Seit mehr als zwanzig Jahren steigen die Verordnungen von Antidepressiva in allen industrialisierten Landern der Welt. In Deutschland haben sie sich seit 2005 mehr als verdoppelt. Bis zu 10 % der Erwachsenen, in den USA sogar mehr als 12 %, nehmen dauerhaft ein Antidepressivum ein. Gleichzeitig sind wir jedoch nicht psychisch gesunder geworden. Wahrend Psychopharmaka bei vielen schwereren psychischen Storungen ein Segen sind, die Leiden verringern, stellt die Verschreibung gerade von Antidepressiva heute vielfach einen unzureichenden Versuch dar, Menschen an als zunehmend lebensfeindlich erlebte Lebens-, Wohn- und Arbeitsumstande anzupassen. Sie vermindern die Intensitat von Gefuhlen wie Trauer und Angst, die evolutionar sinnvoll sind, weil sie zur Veranderung von Personlichkeit und Umwelt motivieren.
Impacts of Reactor Configuration, Degradation Mechanisms, and Water Matrices on Perfluorocarboxylic Acid Treatment Efficiency by the UV/Bi3O(OH)(PO4)2 Photocatalytic Process

Semiconductor photocatalysis is currently being explored as a treatment tool for wastewaters contaminated with poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), such as groundwater impacted by aqueous film-f...
Building Online Social Networks to Engage Female Students in Information Systems

During the next decade, enrollment growth in Information Systems IS related majors is unlikely to meet the predicted demand for qualified IS graduates. Gender imbalance in the IS related program makes the situation worse as enrollment and retention of women in the IS major has been proportionately low compared to male. In recent years, majority of high school and college students have integrated social networking sites in their daily life and habitually use these sites. Providing female students access to role models via an online social network may enhance their motivation to continue as an IS major and pursue a career in IS field. For this study, the authors follow the action research process-exploration of information systems development. In particular, a Facebook application was developed to build the social network connecting role models and students. Using the application, a basic framework is tested based on the gender of participants. The results suggest that it is necessary to have adequate number of role models accessible to students as female role-models tend to select fewer students to develop relationships with a preference for female students. Female students likely prefer composite role models from a variety of sources. This pilot study yields valuable lessons to provide informal learning fostered by role modeling via online social networks. The Facebook application may be further expanded to enhance female students' interests in IS related careers.
Abstract 1739: A novel HSP90 inhibitor induces metabolic oxidative stress in head and neck squamous cancers and prevents migration and stem cell EMT even under hypoxic conditions

INTRODUCTION: Advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenge to treat. In HNSCC, hypoxia is a negative prognostic marker with altered metabolism, increased invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Natural withanolides exhibit potent, highly selective anticancer effects in HNSCCs in vitro and in vivo through a novel anticancer mechanism. These drugs [withaferin A and the novel compound, withalongolide A-triacetate(WGA-TA)] selectively induce metabolic oxidative stress in cancer cells while inhibiting HSP90 chaperone function via disruption of CDC37 (co-chaperone) binding. We hypothesize that WGA-TA is a potent, novel therapeutic drug for HNSCC that will decrease tumor migration and cancer stem cell endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) even in the setting of hypoxia. METHODS: Human HNSCC cell lines MDA-1986, UMSCC11A, 11B and 12 were grown either under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. CM-H2DCFDA level defined accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Effects on proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry (FC), Western blotting (WB), and RT PCR. Viability was evaluated by MTS and clonigenic assay. Scratch wound-healing and Boyden chamber assays were used to follow cell migration. RESULTS: WGA-TA treatment of both hypoxic and normoxic cells showed dose dependent induction of oxidation (p CONCLUSION: WGA-TA potently induces glycolytic oxidative stress in HNSCC leading to decrease in CSC EMT as well as,induction of apoptosis and loss of tumor cell migration even in hypoxic conditions. These exciting findings warrant further evaluation in translational in vivo models. Citation Format: Chitra Subramanian, Qing Zhu, Eileen Brandes, Peter T. White, Barbara N. Timmermann, Mark S. Cohen. A novel HSP90 inhibitor induces metabolic oxidative stress in head and neck squamous cancers and prevents migration and stem cell EMT even under hypoxic conditions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1739. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1739
Interseeding and post-interseeding management of Poa- and Bromus-dominated swards.

Competition within the sward for light and soil moisture may adversely affect the establishment of interseeded legumes in established sods. Two field studies were conducted: a) to assess the influence of sod suppression at seeding and b) to assess the influence of the sward height management after interseeding on the soil moisture and light environment of establishing interseeded legumes. Alfalfa (Medicago satlva L., 'Spredor') and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., 'Carroll') were interseeded into a Poa-dominated pasture using paraquat (l,l'-dimethyl-4,4'bipyridinum) or glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine). Birdsfoot trefoil was interseeded into a Bromus-dominated pasture using paraquat. Swards were managed at an uncut, 15or 7.5-cm height during the seeding year and at a 4or 7.5-cm height during the two succeeding production years. Light penetration, soil moisture, and stand density measurements were made during the seeding year with botanical composition estimates and yield determinations made for 3 years. Greater soil moisture was recorded for approximately 1 month following paraquat or glyphosate application. The 7.5-cm management allowed more light penetration in both the Poaand Bromus-dominated
Annual maximum water levels from tide gauges: Contributing factors and geographic patterns

[1] Hourly time series from a quasi-global set of 145 tide gauges are used to investigate annual maximum water levels at each station. High water levels are deconstructed into (1) a predicted tidal component, (2) a seasonal component, (3) a low-frequency nontidal residual that accounts for sea level variability at time scales greater than a month but less than a year, and (4) a high-frequency nontidal residual that captures variability particularly associated with storms at time scales greater than a month. The time-averaged annual maximum water level correlates significantly with, and scales as 2.5 times, the water level standard deviation at the tide gauge stations. This relationship is used to estimate time-averaged annual maximum water level on a nearly continuous global scale (excluding ice-covered polar regions) by specifying variance maps of the tides from a tide model, the seasonal and low-frequency residual components from satellite altimetry sea surface height, and the high-frequency residual component from an atmospheric reanalysis product. The variance fields are combined to estimate time-averaged annual maximum water levels that compare well with observed values at the tide gauge stations. Spatial patterns of annual maximum water levels and relative contributions from the tides and nontidal residual components are considered.
Perceptual issues for the use of 3D auditory displays in operational environments

Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that properly designed uses of 3-dimensional (3D) sound are an effective technique for managing attention, improving performance, balancing workload, and reducing effort in information-rich decision environments (Brock, Stroup, & Ballas, 2002). However, a number of practical difficulties remain to be addressed before these benefits can be operationalized in real-world settings where listeners must regularly cope with extraneous noise and listen for auditory information in the external environment that may be germane to their assignments. In many routine operational environments, such concerns make fixed, event-driven auditory display designs readily susceptible to auditory masking and presentation conflicts. Strategies for overcoming these particular vulnerabilities are needed to avoid unacceptable levels of performance and information loss. Advances in sound processing technology and artificial intelligence techniques make it possible to imagine auditory displays that are capable of self-organizing presentation behaviors, but a body of perceptual studies must be carried out to support the manipulations such a system would implement. In this short paper, the notion of a self-organizing auditory display is characterized and relevant auditory perception research at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is described.
The response of fish larvae to decadal changes in environmental forcing factors off the Oregon coast

We conducted a statistical analysis to characterize the influence of large-scale and local environmental factors on presence-absence, concentration, and assemblage structure of larval fish within the northern California Current (NCC) ecosystem, based on samples collected at two nearshore stations along the Newport Hydrographic line off the central Oregon coast. Data from 1996 to 2005 were compared with historical data from the 1970s and 1980s to evaluate pseudo-decadal, annual, and seasonal variability. Our results indicate that the most abundant taxa from 1996 to 2005 differ from those of earlier decades. Concentrations of the dominant taxa and total larvae were generally greater in the winter/spring than summer/fall season. Using generalized additive modeling, variations in presence-absence and concentration of taxa were compared to climate indices such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Northern Oscillation Index, and the multivariate ENSO index and local environmental factors, such as upwelling, Ekman transport, and wind stress curl. Significant relationships were found for various combinations of environmental variables with lag periods ranging from 0 to 7 months. We found that the large-scale climate indices explained more of the variance in larval fish concentration and diversity than did the more local factors. Our results indicate that readily available oceanographic and climate indices can explain variations in the dominant ichthyoplankton taxa in the NCC. However, variation in response among taxa to the environmental metrics suggests additional unknown factors not included in the analysis likely contributed to the observed distribution patterns and larval fish community structure in the NCC.
The Score Is in but Is the Decision Final

By its nature percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) creates a pro-thrombotic environment that would be prohibitive in the absence of effective antithrombotic therapy. The risk of an ischemic adverse event is further increased when there is pre-existent platelet activation and clot, such as with
A Fraudulent Scheme's Particularity Under Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

While the False Claims Act is one of the federal government’s most successful tools in recovering money received under a false claim, there remains room for improvement. Under the False Claims Act, a citizen, known as a relator, may bring a lawsuit, a qui tam action, on behalf of the government when the relator knows of a company or individual cheating the government. However, this concept has been undermined by the courts’ improper application of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b), where it states that fraud must be stated with particularity. Not only does Rule 9(b) not properly apply to a qui tam action, but the courts also insist on holding a relator to an impossible standard of particularity. Although some courts have attempted to give a relator a relaxed pleading standard, each attempt has been unsuccessful due to one point: the court focuses on particular pleading in the wrong element of an action under the False Claims Act. In order to state a cause of action under the Act, the relator must plead: (1) there was a claim for a federal fund; (2) the claim was false; and (3) the defendant knew of its falsity. The judiciary has been demanding a relator plead the first two elements with particularity, meaning that the relator must identify a specific claim. Such an application undermines the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act and improperly restricts the relator, who has no access to the claims themselves, since a relator is not a real party in interest in a qui tam action. Therefore, this Comment proposes that Rule 9(b) should apply only to a relator’s pleading of a specific fraudulent scheme—that is, applying Rule 9(b) to the third element of an action under the Act. † Charis Ann Mitchell received her J.D. from Liberty University School of Law in 2009, where she graduated summa cum laude as valedictorian of her class. Her term as law clerk for the Honorable Eric G. Bruggink of the United States Court of Federal Claims begins in August 2010, and she is a member of the Virginia State Bar. She would like to thank her brother, Michael, and her parents, Michael and Sharyn, for their continual support, love, and encouragement. She also thanks Professor Joel D. Hesch for his insight during the writing of this Comment. 338 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 4:337 The House of Representatives is currently proposing to fix this discrepancy between the False Claims Act and the rules of procedure. If the legislation is successful, the relator will be granted appropriate leeway in the relator’s pleading, providing a balance between pleading with particularity under Rule 9(b) and pleading a short and plain statement under Rule 8. Such a legislative amendment will functionally override Rule 9(b), and solve the problem that has surfaced in the courts. Whether the legislature is successful or not, this Comment proposes a standard workable under the current state of the law that will cease undermining the False Claims Act and the relators’ ability to bring actions on behalf of the United States.
PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF DEAD CONTROLS IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES I. GENERAL RESULTS

A recently completed case-control study in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area using population-based living controls and dead controls afforded the opportunity to compare these two control groups on their exposure histories. Detailed information was obtained by interview from 697 living controls and the next of kin of 493 dead controls. The dead controls of both sexes were reported to have been significantly heavier cigarette smokers compared with living controls, as well as heavier consumers of hard liquor, beer, and drugs, and to have had more adulthood diseases. There were no consistent differences between the control groups for consumption of nonalcoholic beverages, some aspects of diet, ethnic and religious background, usual occupation, and residential history. It appears that exposures associated with premature death are overrepresented in dead controls compared with living controls, while those variables not associated with premature mortality are distributed more or less similarly between the two groups. Language: en
International peacebuilding and the dynamics of local and national reconciliation in Somalia

From a survey of the numerous reconciliation strategies in Somalia, the most successful were at local level, using traditional Somali socal mechanisms, except where new clans had conquered regions. The centrifugal social, political and economic forces in Somalia undermined the prospect for achieving national‐level peace accords.
Seeking to Understand the Politics Of Immigration in Tennessee

This article analyzes state legislative politics related to immigration from 2001 to 2011 in Tennessee, a "new destination" for Mexican and other Latino migrants as well as refugees from Africa and the Middle East. Although the Tennessee Immigrant and Refugee Rights Coalition endeavored to influence policy-making, legislators have passed 13 exclusionary laws that increased internal enforcement and criminal penalties for "illegals," constructed as undeserving, rather than contributing members of society. Also passed were laws restricting "legal" migrants. A small group of white legislators proposed many of the bills. However, half of the senators and one-third of the representatives sponsored at least one bill. Tennessee and other states are setting precedents that will make it difficult to achieve a path to legalization for the "low-skilled" "flexible" workers and their families now living in the United States. Migrants and their allies will need to continue working on shifting the discourse that justifies punitive policies.
World-wide distribution of iodine-131 in animal thyroids following announcements of isolated nuclear weapons tests in North Africa.

MOST nuclear weapons tests have been associated with repeated releases of fission products within a few weeks, and the iodine-131 in animal thyroids increased progressively with succeeding tests1. In February and April 1960, individual nuclear weapons tests were announced to have occurred in the Sahara Desert. The results on which this report is based were obtained by analysis of preserved thyroid glands sent to the University of Tennessee by volunteer correspondents.
Predicting the learning curve and failures of total percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Introduction Percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair (PEVAR) has been shown to be feasible; however, technical success is variable, reported to be between 46.2% and 100%. The objective of this study was to quantify the learning curve of the PEVAR closure technique and identify predictors of closure failure. Methods We reviewed patient- and procedure-related characteristics in 99 consecutive patients who underwent PEVAR over a 30-month period in a single academic institution. A suture-mediated closure device (Proglide or Prostar XL) was used. Forward stepwise logistic regression was used to investigate associations between the failure of the closure technique and a number of patient and operative characteristics. To ensure objective assessment of the learning curve, a time-dependent covariate measuring time in calendar quarters was introduced in the model. Poisson regression was used to model the trend of observed failure events of the percutaneous technique over time. Results Overall PEVAR technical success was 82%. Type of closure device ( P P P P P P P P Conclusions Technical failure can be reduced as the surgeon gains experience with the suture-mediated closure device utilized during PEVAR. Previous experience with the Proglide device does not seem to influence the learning curve.
Sensitivity to Syntactic Changes in Garden Path Sentences

The results of two text-change experiments are reported. The experiments were designed to investigate the syntactic representation of garden path sentences such as While the man hunted the deer that was brown and graceful ran into the woods, specifically the claim that a significant number of misinterpretations of such sentences are due to incomplete syntactic reanalysis (Christianson et al. Cogn Psychol 42:368-407, 2001). In the experiments reported here, the pronoun it was added (Expt. 1) or deleted (Expt. 2) from short texts containing such sentences. Participants were more or less likely to notice both deletions and additions of it in certain syntactic contexts, as predicted by the incomplete reanalysis account. Correlations with reading times support this interpretation of the results. Overall, the data are consistent with a "good enough" view of language processing (Ferreira et al. J Psycholinguist Res 30:3-20, 2001).
PAH, genetic susceptibility and breast cancer risk: an update from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project.

In 2002 and 2004 we reported a 29–35% increase associated with the risk of developing breast cancer in relation to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts measured in lymphocytes. Our findings from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) are based on the largest epidemiologic investigation conducted to date on this issue, and are consistent with smaller studies. PAH are ubiquitous chemical carcinogens, mainly formed by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Higher PAH exposures occur among select occupations, such as firefighters, and coke oven, aluminum, and foundry workers. Non-occupational exposure sources include: tobacco smoke; charred, smoked, and broiled foods, and leafy vegetables; wood and coal burning stoves; and air pollution. PAH are known carcinogens in humans (to the lung, for example), causing direct genotoxic effects, or indirectly through oxidative stress. PAH are lipophilic, have oestrogenic properties, and have been shown to cause mammary tumours in laboratory animals, but the carcinogenic effects on the human breast are still not clear. The human body responds to PAH exposure through metabolism/detoxification pathways, but if the exposure is high or the metabolic/detoxification pathway is insufficient (in part due to genetic variations), PAH-DNA adducts are
Role of diet in host selection ofHeliothis virescens by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that chemicals attractive toCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron), previously identified in cotton, were not present in wheat germ diet-rearedHeliothis virescens (F.) larvae. Diet-reared larvae fed cotton obtained the chemicals from cotton, with the consequence of enhanced kairomonal activity of the larvae and their frass toC. sonorensis. Parasitoids, presented a choice between cotton, cotton plus hosts, hosts alone, and control in an olfactometer, responded non-randomly, with the greatest number of responses to cotton plus hosts, and three times as many responses to cotton alone as to larvae alone. The role of the plant in the parasitoid-host relationship is discussed.