cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic modeling of post-entrapment crystallization in igneous phases

Abstract Inclusions of quenched silicate liquid in igneous phenocryst phases represent important windows into the pre-eruption chemistry of volcanic rocks. Melt inclusions are subject to a variety of potential modifications after entrapment, which obscure the connection between final inclusion composition, and entrapment conditions. We concentrate on the effects of post-entrapment crystallization (PEC) in the cooling inclusion. PEC is neither an isobaric nor an isochoric process. Pressure decreases between 2 and 27 bars per degree of cooling, depending on the chemistry of melt and host and on the degree of PEC. In the equilibrium case, between about 50% and 65% of this pressure effect is due to thermal expansivity of the liquid, 10–35% from thermal expansivity of the host, and 5–40% from mass transfer between the inclusion and host. This complicates the application of simple element-partitioning schemes for back-calculating the effects of post-entrapment crystallization except in the simplest cases. We present a thermodynamic algorithm for PEC correction. This method is based on the self-consistent thermodynamic model set used in the MELTS software package. The algorithm moves backward through the PEC process, incrementally adding equilibrium crystal composition to the liquid while accounting for consequent variations in pressure and oxygen fugacity. Entrapment conditions are assumed to have been reached when the instantaneous liquidus solid composition most closely matches that of the bulk host crystal. Besides giving information on the degree of PEC and initial inclusion composition, the proposed algorithm can provide constraints on the pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity at the time of entrapment. Olivine- and orthopyroxene-hosted inclusions from Popocatepetl, Mexico help constrain pre-eruption conditions for mixed magmas from recent eruptive products. Feldspar-hosted inclusions from Satsuma-Iwojima, Japan suggest that these magmas were substantially undersaturated with respect to supercritical vapor phase at the time of entrapment and underwent on the order of 29% post-entrapment crystallization. Quartz-hosted inclusions can potentially be employed in more silicic compositions, but this will require refinement of existing thermodynamic models.
Smooth Quasiregular Maps with Branching in Rn

According to a theorem of Martio, Rickman and Vaisala, all nonconstant Cn/(n-2)-smooth quasiregular maps in R n , n≥3, are local homeomorphisms. Bonk and Heinonen proved that the order of smoothness is sharp in R3. We prove that the order of smoothness is sharp in R4. For each n≥5 we construct a C1+e(n)-smooth quasiregular map in R n with nonempty branch set.
A preliminary technical and economic investigation of sea water demineralization by ion-exchange for calcium and bicarbonate ions and their subsequent removal by thermal decomposition (1)

Abstract Considerations in the choice of a thermolytic salt to be exchanged for the ions in sea water are discussed. The literature relating to the decomposition and regeneration of calcium bicarbonate solutions is reviewed. Capital and operating costs for a plant producing one million gallons of demineralized water per day are calculated by the procedure suggested by the U.S. Office of Saline Water. Net cost is estimated to be $1.89 per thousand gallons, but could drop as low as $0.41 per thousand gallons if the process is credited with the value of by-products.
Impaired function of cloth-covered Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis. Detection by phonocardiography.

Malfunction of a cloth-covered Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis (6300 series) was suspected because of phonocardiographic abnormalities. A prolonged interval from aortic closure to opening of the mitral ball suggested an impediment to movement of the ball. This was confirmed by catheterization and cinefluorography. At autopsy the impaired ball movement was found to be due to thrombus buildup on the outflow face of the mitral valve orifice. It is suggested that frequent postoperative phonocardiographic observations may be useful in detecting malfunction of valvular prostheses.
Assignment of players to matches in a high school or college tennis match

Abstract This paper illustrates how the assignment algorithm and game theory may be used to improve a high school or college tennis team's chances of winning a dual tennis match, which consists of six singles matches and three doubles matches.
A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine relieves depression-like behaviors induced by neuropathic pain in rats.

Background Chronic pain is associated with depression. In rodents, pain is often assessed by sensory hypersensitivity, which does not sufficiently measure affective responses. Low-dose ketamine has been used to treat both pain and depression, but it is not clear whether ketamine can relieve depression associated with chronic pain and whether this antidepressant effect depends on its anti-nociceptive properties.
916-83 Use of Vasodepressors Rather than Vasopressors to Treat Shock Guided by Transesophageal Echocardiography

We present five patients (4 females, 1 male, age range 62–79 yrs) with severe hypotension aggressively treated and who had persistent shock. The clinical setting included 2 pts following SVT, 2 pts postoperatively, and 1 pt with hemorrhagic shock. The initial evaluation suggested aortic dissection, cardiac tamponade, acute mitral regurgitation, cardiac contusion or cardiogenic shock. A transthoracic echo was performed and was nondiagnostic. The transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) clearly ruled out these causes of shock and established the diagnosis of provokable hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM), increased left ventricular outflow tract velocity and mitral regurgitation. None of the patients had asymmetric septal hypertrophy or positive family history for HOCM and only one had a history of hypertension. During the echo study, vasopressors were discontinued and serially IV fluid, IV beta blocker followed by IV alpha constrictors were used stepwise until the SAM and outflow tract obstruction resolved. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse (P) were recorded and Cardiac Output (CO) and Index (CI) were noted with a Swan-Ganz catheter before and after the therapeutic intervention and TEE: SBP (mmHg) P(BPM) co (1/m) cl(l/m/m2) PreinteNention (mean) 89 109 3.3 1.6 Postintervention (mean) 137 99 5.3 2.7 We conclude that TEE is a valuable tool in patients with shock to establish the cause of hypotension of undetermined etiology. Elucidating the pathophysiology of severe hypotension by TEE can profoundly affect the management of these patients by correctly redirecting therapy. In patients with severe hypotension who do not respond to vasopressors the diagnosis of provokable HOCM should be considered and a TEE performed. The TEE is valuable not only to diagnose this unusual condition but also to assist in titrating therapy.
U.S. Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy: Building Strong Relationships by Doing It Right!

Foreign aid policies cannot be more successful than their implementation, which inherently involves people and institutions. But people have their own interests and cultural frameworks, and institutions are inevitably grounded in culture and politics. Inattention to the agendas of individuals involved on both sides of foreign aid to Central and Eastern Europe played a major role in its shortcomings. A recent court decision holding two Harvard university scholars guilty of defrauding the U.S. government while running a flagship project to reform the Russian economy underscores the pitfalls in outsourcing traditional functions of government to small, well-connected groups that are not fully accountable in serving the public interest. Drawing on the author’s experience studying informal systems and networks over several decades, this article illuminates the importance of foreign policy and aid relationships—how they are set up, who wins and who loses, and how their lack of accountability can contribute to the derailment of nation-building and constructive relations among countries.
Turning VR inside out: thoughts about where we are heading

Our field and the world have changed greatly in the ten years since the first VRST was held in Singapore in 1994. Computers have grown smaller, faster, and cheaper, while polygon counts, frame rates, and display resolutions have increased impressively, true to the promise of Moore's Law. But, what comes next?This talk will sketch some of the directions in which I feel virtual reality is (or should be) heading. I will discuss the potential for taking virtual reality outside, through wearable and mobile computing; for bring the outside in, by capturing the real world; and for accommodating large numbers of displays, users, and tasks, by embedding them in a fluid and collaborative augmented environment.
Secondary Traumatic Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Occupational Commitment in Substance Abuse Counselors

It has been argued that secondary traumatic stress (STS) may adversely affect the retention of counselors and other helping professionals. However, there has been little research regarding the rela...
Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements in the extreme ultraviolet region of central carbon concentrations during high power neutral beam heating in TFTR

The carbon concentration in the central region of TFTR discharges with high power neutral beam heating has been measured by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) of the C5+ n = 3–4 transition in the extreme ultraviolet region. The carbon concentrations were deduced from absolute measurements of the line brightness using a calculation of the beam attenuation and the appropriate cascade corrected line excitation rates. As a result of the high ion temperatures (20–30 keV) in most of the discharges, the contribution of beam halo neutrals to the line brightness was significant and therefore had to be included in the modelling of the data. Carbon concentrations have been measured in discharges with plasma currents Ip in the range 1.0-1.6 MA and beam power in the range 2.6–30 MW, including a number of supershots. The results are in good agreement with carbon concentrations deduced from the visible bremsstrahlung Zeff and with metallic impurity concentrations measured by X-ray pulse height analysis, demonstrating the reliability of the atomic rates used in the beam attenuation and line excitation calculations. Carbon is the dominant impurity species in these discharges; the oxygen concentration measured via CXRS in a high beam power case was 0.0006 of ne, compared to 0.04 for carbon. Trends with plasma current and beam power in the carbon concentration and the inferred deuteron concentration are presented. The carbon concentration is independent of plasma current and decreases from 0.13 at 2.6 MW beam power to 0.04 at 30 MW, while the deuteron concentration increases from 0.25 to 0.75 over the same range of beam power. These changes are primarily the result of beam particle fuelling, as the carbon density did not vary significantly with beam power. The time evolutions of the carbon and deuteron concentrations during two high power beam pulses, one which exhibited a carbon bloom (a sudden influx of carbon due to local heating of the limiter) and one which did not, are compared. In both types of discharge, the carbon concentration decreases early in the beam pulse as a result of beam particle fuelling, and the carbon density rises slowly during the beam pulse until the start of the bloom. The electron density rise during the bloom is primarily due to the increase in the carbon density.
Effects of Hurricane Ginger on the Barrier Islands of North Carolina

The two barrier-island systems of North Carolina responded to the storm waves and surges of Hurricane Ginger in a strikingly different manner. Within the northern sector, which has been stabilized by man, erosion and dune recession were extensive. In the southern sector, as yet relatively unmodified, overwash and associated deposition were the dominant processes. This difference offers important geologic, ecologic, and land management implications.
Ammonium and nitrate uptake by barley genotypes in diurnally fluctuating root temperatures simulating till and no-till conditions

The morphological development and N uptake patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes of Northern European (Nordic) and Pacific Northwest US (PNW) origin were compared under two diurnally fluctuating root temperature regimes in solution culture. The two regimes, 15/5°C and 9/5°C day maximum/night minimum temperatures, simulated soil temperature differences between tilled vs. heavy-residue, no-till conditions, respectively, observed during early spring in eastern Washington. Previous field experiments indicated that some of the Nordic genotypes accumulated more N and dry matter than the PNW cultivars during early spring under no-till conditions. The objective of this experiment was to determined whether these differences 1) are dependent on the temperature of the rooting environment, and 2) are correlated with genotypic differences in NH4+ and NO3− uptake. Overall, shoot N and dry matter accumulation was reduced by 40% due to lower root temperatures during illumination. Leaf emergence was slowed by 14 to 22%, and tiller production was also inhibited. All genotypes absorbed more ammonium than nitrate from equimolar solutions, and the proportion of total N absorbed as NH4+ was slightly higher in the 9/5°C than the 15/5°C regime. A Finnish genotype, HJA80201, accumulated significantly more shoot N than the PNW cultivars, ‘Clark’ and ‘Steptoe’, and also more than a Swedish cultivar, ‘Pernilla’, in the 9/5°C regime. In the 15/5°C regime Steptoe did not differ in shoot N from the Nordic genotypes, while Clark remained significantly lower. These differences were not correlated to relative propensity for N form. Root lengths of the Nordic genotypes were significantly greater than the PNW genotypes grown under the 9/5°C regime, while the root lengths in the warmer root temperture regime were not significantly different among genotypes. Higher root elongation rates under low soil temperature conditions may be an inherent adaptive mechanism of the Nordic genotypes. Overall, the data indicate that lower maximum daytime temperatures of the soil surface layer likely account for a significant portion of the growth reductions and lower N uptake observed in no-till systems.
Counseling Chemically Dependent Chronic Pain Patients in an Integrated Care Setting

This article identifies the chronic pain population and explores a holistic integrated approach to treatment and its appropriateness for counseling the chronic pain patient with substance use disorders.
The Effects of Models, Reference Groups, and Social Responsibility Norms upon Participation in Prosocial Action Activities

(1970). The Effects of Models, Reference Groups, and Social Responsibility Norms upon Participation in Prosocial Action Activities. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 87-92.
Effect of early rearing conditions on alcohol drinking and 5-HT1A receptor function in C57BL/6J mice

We have evaluated in C57BL/6J mice the effect of maternal separation and post-weaning social isolation on ethanol intake, and on serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor function at the level of receptor-G protein interaction in the hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus. From postnatal days 2-14, litters were separated from the mother for 15 min (Handled) or for 180 min (Maternal separation). After weaning, pups were housed in pairs or in social isolation. At 2 months of age, ethanol intake and preference in mice were assessed using the two-bottle choice paradigm. Maternal separation increased ethanol preference in female mice that were subsequently housed in isolation. By contrast, post-weaning isolation increased ethanol preference and consumption in male mice regardless of pre-weaning rearing conditions. The increased ethanol preference and intake were limited to a 5% (v/v) concentration of ethanol. Our data suggest that adolescent mice are susceptible to the effects of post-weaning social isolation as shown by increased ethanol preference and consumption. Using quantitative autoradiography, 5-HT1A receptor number and function were determined by the binding of [3H]WAY-100635, and by [35S]GTPgammaS binding stimulated by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, respectively. The binding experiments were done at approximately 3 months after the end of the two-bottle choice test in an attempt to minimize direct effects of ethanol drinking on 5-HT1A receptor function and number. 5-HT1A receptor-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in the dorsal raphe nucleus was increased in animals reared after weaning in isolation vs. in pairs, regardless of gender or pre-weaning rearing conditions. Our data suggest that there are long-term neurochemical consequences of social isolation of adolescent mice, specifically increased 5-HT1A receptor function in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Developmental plasticity and memory

The cerebral cortex of young kittens is known to be highly malleable during early postnatal development. However, most studies of developmental plasticity have been conducted in primary visual cortex. It has long been unclear to what extent similar plasticity exists in higher cortical areas. We have now studied developmental plasticity in the anterior ectosylvian (AE) region of the cat's parietal association cortex, which receives input from different sensory modalities. One area in this cortical region, which is predominantly visual in normal cats, area AEV, is taken over almost completely by auditory and somatosensory inputs, when cats are binocularly deprived of vision from birth. Furthermore, when single auditory neurons are tested with sound sources in free-field at different locations, they show sharper spatial tuning in visually deprived cats. This compensatory, crossmodal plasticity was explored at the behavioral level by testing visually deprived cats in an auditory localization task, and these cats could indeed localize sound sources more precisely than normal cats. These findings are interpreted as a form of adaptation of the young brain to an altered environment. Similar adaptation is still possible in adult brains by virtue of associative learning and long-term memory. It is argued that the synaptic mechanisms by which associative memories are stored in the cerebral cortex are similar to those in developmental plasticity, only the increment of learning is smaller in adult animals.
Life cycle of Isospora suis in gnotobiotic and conventionalized piglets.

Isospora suis had 3 asexual and 1 sexual intra-intestinal conventional life cycle. The first asexual generation was most prominent at 2 days p.i. (post inoculation) and produced 2-7 merozoites. The second-generation meronts were prevalent at 3-4 days p.i. and produced 2-12 large merozoites. At 4-5 days p.i. the third generation meronts were prominent and produced 4-24 small crescent shaped merozoites. Mature sexual stages were most prominent at 5-6 days p.i. The stages were most numerous in the distal half of the small intestine. At 8-9 days p.i. stages morphologically similar to the second generation of meronts reappeared, followed by the further development into third generation merozoites and sexual stages. This was reflected in a prepatent period of 5 days and a biphasic patent period of 5-8 or 9, and 11-14 days p.i. Intraperitoneal injection of liver/spleen and intestinal lymph node homogenates, respectively, from piglets infected 24 and 48 h, previously with high doses of oocysts, resulted in a patent infection 10-12 days post inoculation of the donor piglets. No differences in the life cycle of I. suis were observed between conventionalized and germ-free piglets. An extra-intestinal life cycle of I. suis related to the second patent period was postulated.
13-cis-retinoic acid: effect on urinary bladder carcinogenesis by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide in Fischer rats.

Abstract The failure of 13-cis-retinoic acid to inhibit either the incidence or severity of bladder carcinoma in female Fischer rats initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) suggests that inhibition of bladder carcinogenesis by natural and synthetic retinoids is carcinogen-class specific, and adds an element of complexity to approaches in chemoprevention.
A Statistical Analysis of Hitting Streaks in Baseball

Abstract This article presents a study of hitting streaks for individual batters in the game of baseball. All baseball fans know that players go through periods where they never seem to make an out and other periods where nothing will get them to base. There is no doubt that “hot streaks” and “cold streaks” do occur. The question explored here is whether these streaks occur more (or less) frequently than would be predicted by a probabilistic model of randomness. I examined the records of many “regular” Major League players through four seasons, 1987–1990 and used several statistical methods to check for streakiness. These include standard methods such as the runs test, as well as a more complex logistic regression model with several explanatory variables. Based on all of these methods, there is no doubt that a certain number of players exhibited definite streakiness in certain years. But the evidence also suggests that the behavior of all players examined, taken as a whole, does not differ significantly f...
Iron therapy and cancer.

Iron therapy and cancer. Anemia in cancer patients has many etiologies. Iron therapy clearly is indicated in patients whose anemias are associated with iron deficiency. However, a frequent cause of anemia in cancer is the "anemia of chronic disorders," in which, although functional iron may be low, tissue iron remains normal or high. Administration of iron with erythropoietin to such patients requires careful and frequent evaluation of hematologic and iron values. Inadvertent iron loading can contribute to deterioration of a variety of organ systems, as well as to increased proliferation of neoplastic cells.
Focus on integration: The future of the behavioral treatment of autism

The question was posed: What is the future of the behavioral treatment of autism? This paper answers that question by suggesting that integration will be pivotal to the successful treatment of autism in the future. Five main levels of integration are proposed: (a) integration of disciplines (e.g., applied behavior analysis with education, developmental psychology, neuroscience); (b) integration of treatment types (e.g., structured and naturalistic behavior therapy, speech therapy, medicine); (c) integration of the domains of behavior (e.g., language, play, attention); (d) integration of treatment programs (e.g., behavior therapy with school programming, occupational therapy); and, (e) integration of treatment providers (e.g., therapists, teachers and professionals with parents, siblings and peers). Integration is important because it (a) involves the sharing of information, which allows researchers and treatment providers with varying expertise to benefit from one another; (b) helps maximize treatment success by facilitating individualized treatment based on each child's specific characteristics and needs; (c) facilitates effective and efficient teaching; and (d) encourages consistency across treatment programs, settings, and providers.
Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Integral Field Spectroscopy of a Tightly Collimated Bipolar Jet from the Herbig Ae Star LkHα 233

We have used the integral field spectrograph OSIRIS and laser guide star adaptive optics at Keck Observatory to obtain high angular resolution (0.06''), moderate spectral resolution (R 3800) images of the bipolar jet from the Herbig Ae star LkHα 233, seen in near-IR [Fe II] emission at 1.600 and 1.644 μm. This jet is narrow and tightly collimated, with an opening angle of only 9°, and has an average radial velocity of ~100 km s-1. The jet and counterjet are asymmetric, with the redshifted jet much clumpier than its counterpart at the angular resolution of our observations. The observed properties are in general similar to jets seen around T Tauri stars, although it has a relatively large mass flux of 1.2 ± 0.3 × 10-7 M☉ yr-1, near the high end of the observed mass flux range around T Tauri stars. We also spatially resolve an inclined circumstellar disk around LkHα 233, which obscures the star from direct view. By comparison with numerical radiative transfer disk models, we estimate the disk midplane to be inclined i = 65° ± 5° relative to the plane of the sky. Since the star is seen only in scattered light at near-infrared wavelengths, we detect only a small fraction of its intrinsic flux. Because previous estimates of its stellar properties did not account for this, either LkHa 233 must be located closer than previously believed, or its true luminosity must be greater than previously supposed, consistent with its being a ~4 M☉ star near the stellar birth line.
Estimating stature in fossil hominids: which regression model and reference sample to use?

Abstract Researchers have long appreciated the significant relationship between body size and an animal's overall adaptive strategy and life history. However, much more emphasis has been placed on interpreting body size than on the actual calculation of it. One measure of size that is especially important for human evolutionary studies is stature. Despite a long history of investigation, stature estimation remains plagued by two methodological problems: (1) the choice of the statistical estimator, and (2) the choice of the reference population from which to derive the parameters. This work addresses both of these problems in estimating stature for fossil hominids, with special reference to A.L. 288-1 ( Australopithecus afarensis ) and WT 15000 ( Homo erectus ). Three reference samples of known stature with maximum humerus and femur lengths are used in this study: a large ( n =2209) human sample from North America, a smaller sample of modern human pygmies ( n =19) from Africa, and a sample of wild-collected African great apes ( n =85). Five regression techniques are used to estimate stature in the fossil hominids using both univariate and multivariate parameters derived from the reference samples: classical calibration, inverse calibration, major axis, reduced major axis and the zero-intercept ratio model. We also explore a new diagnostic to test extrapolation and allometric differences with multivariate data, and we calculate 95% confidence intervals to examine the range of variation in estimates for A.L. 288-1, WT 15000 and the new Bouri hominid ( Australopithecus garhi ). Results frequently vary depending on whether the data are univariate or multivariate. Unique limb proportions and fragmented remains complicate the choice of estimator. We are usually left in the end with the classical calibrator as the best choice. It is the maximum likelihood estimator that performs best overall, especially in scenarios where extrapolation occurs away from the mean of the reference sample. The new diagnostic appears to be a quick and efficient way to determine at the outset whether extrapolation exists in size and/or shape of the long bones between the reference sample and the target specimen.
Host Response to Vaccination

The desired response to vaccination is protection from clinical disease. This article presents several factors, related to both the host and the vaccine, which may result in inadequate protection from clinical disease following vaccination. Also presented is an overview of adverse reactions to vaccines and the response of young animals and pregnant animals to vaccination.
Thermal melting of chromatin from the pancreas and liver of guinea pigs treated with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea.

Abstract The carcinogen 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) can cause pancreatic cancer in guinea pigs. We have examined the relative damage produced by MNU treatment on the chromatin from pancreas and liver of these animals. Thermal denaturation of chromatin from guinea pig pancreas and liver was studied following parenteral administration of MNU in several doses. Estimates of single strand breakage were also obtained by examination of the fluorescence of intercalated ethidium bromide. Oligomeric chromatin melted with a main T m at 78°C, with additional components at 48°C, 55°C and 65°C. Repetitive treatment with MNU at several doses between 20 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg produced destabilization of pancreatic chromatin as shown by a shift from 78°C to lower melting components. The liver by contrast was relatively unaffected. In addition, pancreatic chromatin showed an increase in alkali-induced strand unwinding with MNU treatment, probably due to an increase in single strand breaks, while there was no change in this regard in the liver. The data indicate that the pancreas is more susceptible to damage by MNU than the liver.
Glucocorticoid-induced Functional Polarity of Growth Factor Responsiveness Regulates Tight Junction Dynamics in Transformed Mammary Epithelial Tumor Cells

Abstract The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, induces the “normal-like” differentiated property of tight junction formation and suppresses growth of the Con8 mammary epithelial tumor cell line, derived from a 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Characterization of the transepithelial electrical resistance of Con8 mammary tumor cells cultured on permeable supports revealed that a novel response to dexamethasone is the generation of a polarized cell monolayer with respect to epidermal growth factor receptor responsiveness. Administration of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) to the basolateral, but not the apical, plasma membrane compartment disrupted the glucocorticoid-stimulated tight junction barrier. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that dexamethasone caused the ZO-1 tight junction-associated protein to localize exclusively to the apical border of laterally adjacent membranes of the cell periphery, whereas basolateral administration of TGF-α caused the redistribution of ZO-1 back to disorganized aggregates along the cell periphery. In contrast, TGF-α was able to exert its mitogenic effects equally on both sides of the cell monolayer independent of its polarized disruption of tight junction formation. Our results represent the first evidence for a functional polarization of the epidermal growth factor receptor and strongly implicate the glucocorticoid-regulated formation of tight junctions in policing the polarized responsiveness of mammary cells to growth factors.
Reconstitution of ion channels in agarose-supported silicon orifices.

A silicon wafer with eight individually addressable microfabricated orifices was used for ion channel reconstitution and single-channel recording. A spin-on fluoropolymer created an insulating, hydrophobic interface that was more stable than silane. Total capacitance of the membranes was 100 μm resulted in ion channel function. Bilayers were formed over an agarose supporting layer by application of lipid in decane with a paintbrush; a second layer of agarose could then be added to stabilize the structure and prevent evaporation. Microfluidic wells were constructed on glass plates for ease of assembly and visualization of fluid flow, as well as high-resolution microscopy for studies using fluorescent lipids and channels. The microfluidics consisted of reversibly bonded silicone rubber (PDMS), so that the entire device could be washed and reused. Total electrical noise in the device was low enough to permit single-channel resolution. Successful channel insertions were observed with a self-assembling ionophore (alamethicin) as well as a complex, vesicle-associated mammalian channel (human glycine receptor, GlyR). A “hands-free” approach to bilayer formation was also tested, where lipid in solvent was applied to the wafer by spin-coating, dried, and then “sandwiched” between layers of agarose above and below the nitride. Electrical properties consistent with bilayers were observed and alamethicin recordings were obtained, however this method is not compatible with the fusion of vesicles containing mammalian channels.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Hierarchical cluster analysis produces a unique set of nested categories or clusters by sequentially pairing variables, clusters, or variables and clusters. At each step, beginning with the correla...
Forecasting building occupancy using sensor network data

Forecasting the occupancy of buildings can lead to significant improvement of smart heating and cooling systems. Using a sensor network of simple passive infrared motion sensors densely placed throughout a building, we perform data mining to forecast occupancy a short time (i.e., up to 60 minutes) into the future. Our approach is to train a set of standard forecasting models to our time series data. Each model then forecasts occupancy a various horizons into the future. We combine these forecasts using a modified Bayesian combined forecasting approach. The method is demonstrated on two large building occupancy datasets, and shows promising results for forecasting horizons of up to 60 minutes. Because the two datasets have such different occupancy profiles, we compare our algorithms on each dataset to evaluate the performance of the forecasting algorithm for the different conditions.
Io's sodium emission cloud and the voyager 1 encounter☆

Monitoring of Io's neutral sodium emission cloud, monitored from two earth observatories during the period of the Voyager 1 encounter, demonstrated that the behavior of the cloud is complex; displaying a variety of changes, both systematic and secular, which can have both time and spatial dependencies while also possessing some characteristics of stability. Dynamic models of the sodium cloud employing Voyager 1 plasma data provide a reasonable fit to the encounter images of one of the observatories. The modeling assumptions of anisotropic ejection of neutral sodium atoms from the leading, inner hemisphere of Io, with a velocity distribution characteristic of sputtering, adequately explain the overall intensity distribution of the 'near cloud'.
Effect of deslorelin-induced pubertal delay on the growth of adolescents with short stature and normally timed puberty: preliminary results.

LH-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) treatment slows bone maturation and improves adult height in children with LHRH-dependent precocious puberty. To determine whether pubertal delay induced by LHRHa can enhance final height in patients with short stature and a normally timed puberty, we enrolled 43 short children (28 girls and 15 boys) in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were assigned randomly to receive either placebo or LHRHa (deslorelin), administered sc at a dose of 4 micrograms/kg.day for a period of 4 yr. This report describes the preliminary results in 16 children who have completed 4 yr of treatment (9 patients in the deslorelin group and 7 patients in the placebo group). Predicted adult height increased significantly in the deslorelin-treated patients, by 7.6 cm compared to the pretreatment baseline and by 10.3 cm compared to that in the placebo-treated patients (P < 0.005). Four of the 16 patients received concurrent GH treatment (3 among the deslorelin-treated patients and 1 among the placebo-treated patients). Omitting these patients from the analysis did not materially affect the results: predicted adult height in the deslorelin-treated patients increased by 7.2 cm compared to the pretreatment baseline and by 10.9 cm compared to that in the placebo-treated patients (P < 0.005). We conclude that pubertal delay induced by deslorelin significantly increases predicted adult height in adolescents with short stature and a normally timed puberty. Whether deslorelin treatment will increase the final height of these patients cannot be determined until they have stopped growing.
Privacy Concerns for Use of Voice Activated Personal Assistant in the Public Space

A review of popular technology adoption models identified several factors that are likely to influence Voice Activated Personal Assistant (VAPA) use in public spaces. To inform design decisions of how to make the private use of the VAPA in public spaces more acceptable from the users’ point of view, an online survey was conducted to investigate the likelihood of usage of the smartphone VAPA such as Apple’s Siri (compared to the usage of smartphone keyboard) as a function of location (private vs. public) and type of information (private vs. nonprivate). Responses from participants showed that users were more cautious of transmitting private than nonprivate information. This effect of type of information was amplified in the social context of public locations and when using conspicuous methods of information input such as the VAPA. Participants also preferred using the VAPA in private locations and showed no preference of location for keyboard entries. Correlations between likelihood of usage of VAPA and th...
Studies on the mechanism of drug-induced bronchiolar relaxation in the guinea pig

Abstract Relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle of the guinea pig was demonstrated with isoproterenol, epinephrine, theophylline, sodium nitrite, ACTII, and glucagon. The order of molar potency was isoproterenol > epinephrine > ACTH=glucagon > theophylline > sodium nitrite. Relaxation by isoproterenol and epinephrine could be blocked completely by pronethalol, while that of ACTH was moderatedly reduced by the blocking agent. Drug effects appeared to be unchanged when glucose was omitted from the incubation medium. After extended exposure to epinephrine, the smooth muscle was unresponsive to all drugs tested. Acetate addition failed to alter responsiveness, but the addition of glucose for 45 minutes prior to drug exposure restored the ability of the tissue to respond to all drugs, although the magnitude of the response was markedly reduced. These data indicate that glyeogenolysis may play a role in drug-induced smooth muscle relaxation.
Studies of ribosomes from reticulocytes

Ribosomes from reticulocytes of rabbit, human and sheep species have been isolated. These ribosomes have sedimentation coefficients, s°20,w of 78 S. they dissociate into subunits upon removal of Mg ions and the subunits may be reassociated to ribosomes when Mg ions are replaced. The first dissociation products appear to be large nucleoprotein subunits, one roughly twice the mass of the other, and both together accounting for the total mass of the ribosome. In this respect, reticulocyte ribosomes behave similarly to ribosomes from other sources. However, in comparison with other ribosomes, the subunits in the reticulocyte system are not homogeneous according to centrifugal analyses and are much less stable in dilute salt solution. A substantial increase in the frictional coefficients of the ribosomes and the subunits was found when these particles were in low ionic strength solutions. The results also show that the population of ribosomes is heterogeneous with respect to the dissociation constants. At a given level of Mg, certain classes of ribosomes are dissociated and others not. The subunits and the ribosomes present at a given Mg level are not in mobile equilibrium with each other.
A Somatic Cell Genetic Method for Identification of Untargeted Mutations in the Glucocorticoid Receptor That Cause Hormone Binding Deficiencies

Mouse T lymphoma cell line W7MG1, which is killed by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoid agonists, was used as a convenient genetic system for isolating sublines containing mutant glucocorticoid receptors (GR) with hormone-binding deficiencies. Partially hormone-resistant cell clones were derived from chemically mutagenized cell populations by selecting for growth in moderate concentrations of dexamethasone (Dex) and then screening for failure to grow in high Dex concentrations. Such clones are likely to have mutant GR. In GR cDNA clones from the partially resistant cell sublines, three different functionally significant mutations in the hormone-binding domain were identified: Leu-569 changed to Phe (L569F), Leu-670 to Phe (L670F), and Met-672 to Ile (M672I). Dose-response analyses with Dex and affinity labeling studies with dexamethasone 21-mesylate in transiently transfected cells indicated that all three mutant GR species had hormone-binding deficiencies. However, at saturating Dex concentra...
Risk Propensity and Firm Performance: A Study of the Petroleum Exploration Industry

This paper explores the differences in observed risk propensity among petroleum firms and their impact on firm performance. In this work, we 1 develop a decision theoretic model which measures a firm's risk propensity in the form of an "implied" utility function; 2 investigate changes in corporate risk propensity with respect to changes in firm size; and 3 examine the relationships between firms' risk propensities and alternative dimensions of economic performance, including ex post risk and return measures. We also develop a new risk propensity measure, the Risk Tolerance Ratio RTR, which controls for firm size and allows firms to be differentiated in terms of relative risk propensity. The motivation for this work is managerial concerns regarding appropriate risk-taking behavior and the effect of risky choice on firm performance. This methodology has importance business strategy implications in that we are able to make strong inferences about causal relationships between ex ante risk-taking and performance. Our findings are compelling in that corporate risk propensity seems to matter, and that decisions about corporate risk policy have a significant impact on the petroleum firm's economic performance.
High efficiency microbore GC columns using porous bead supports

Theoretical comparisons of various packed GC column types are presented with respect to analysis time, efficiency, sample dilution, and sample capacity for a given maximum inlet pressure. In particular, totally porous particles, porous layer beads, and glass beads are compared with one another. It is shown that 30 μm porous layer beads offer a useful compromise between analysis time and plate count with relatively good sample capacity. Moreover, when using 1 mm i.d. columns (microbore), outlet flow rates that are reasonable for direct coupling to magnetic sector mass spectrometers are achieved making these columns suitable for GC/MS. Using 30 μm Zipax porous layer beads, columns yielding 8,000 to 10,000 plates/meter have been produced with inlet pressures of 13 to 26 atm. A simple modification of the injection port converts the maximum inlet pressure of a commercial gas chromatograph to 26 atm. With such pressures, columns in excess of 20,000 plates can be achieved. Chromatograms are presented illustrating the promise of these microbore columns for GC and GC/MS analysis.
Oligomer Content of α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol

The quantity, extraction efficiency, and molecular composition of non-volatile oligomeric species in SOA generated by the reaction of α-pinene with ozone were studied. Two different methods of determining the total particulate mass in the reaction chamber were compared and found to be in good agreement when changes in the partitioning of semi-volatile compounds to the particle phase during measurement were properly handled. Almost all of the non-volatile organic carbon formed by the reaction was collected and recovered by extraction with organic solvents; recoveries with water extraction were somewhat lower. The identities of compounds extracted by the various solvents were determined using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry. Over 80% of the peaks weighted by mass and intensity were the same in the spectra of samples obtained from different extraction solvents. Standard addition plots were used to determine the amounts of two commercially availa...
Temperature dependent pressure-induced lineshape of the HCl J=1←0 rotational transition in nitrogen and oxygen

Abstract The pressure-induced broadening and shift of the lowest rotational transition of hydrogen chloride have been measured in both nitrogen and oxygen as a function of temperature. This work improves the accuracy of the broadening parameter and provides the first experimental parameterization of the pressure shift. The HCl air broadened half-width is determined to
Character structure and performance on the MMPI.

Summary.-In a sample of 74 normal adults, a typology of character structure based on the developmental theory of Piaget was used to predict performance on the MMPI. The typology's validity was assessed by examining its empirical relationship to 11 clinical scales of the MMPI. Significant differences among the character types were noted for 5 of the 11 scales examined (Hypochondriasis. Depression, Masculinity/ femininity, Psychasthenia, and Ego strength). There were significant differences on three additional scales (Hysteria, Psychopathic deviate, and Hypomania) between subtypes of the most numerous character type, which included two-thirds of the subjects studied. Differences among the character types and subtypes were generally consistent with expectations.
The Effect of a Low Carotenoid Diet on Malondialdehyde-Thiobarbituric Acid (MDA-TBA) Concentrations in Women: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a low carotenoid diet (83 μg β-carotene) on malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid (MDA-TBA) concentrations of nine pre-menopausal women.Methods: Subjects lived on the metabolic research unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC), where diet, exercise and other activities were controlled. Five subjects (Group C, control group) consumed a low carotenoid diet and received an additional 0.5 mg/day of β-carotene while four subjects (Group P, placebo group) received only the low carotenoid diet during days 1 to 60 (period 1). All subjects received 0.5 mg/day of β-carotene during days 60 to 100 (period 2), plus three capsules/day mixed carotenoid supplement (Neo-Life Company) during study days 100 to 120. Changes in MDA-TBA concentrations were analyzed during the study periods and between the groups.Results: At the start of the study (day 1), no significant difference in the MDA-TBA concentration was observed between the control (Gr...
Discourse of successful aging in The Globe & Mail: Insights from critical gerontology

Abstract While the determinants of successful aging receive much attention from researchers, few studies have considered media portrayals of successful aging. Yet the mass media shape the agenda for discussing and understanding aging and transmit the meanings and various experiences of aging between generations. Through thematic analysis of 146 articles featuring older adults in various contexts including family, work, civic engagement, social policy, health care, consumer market, and leisure published in The Globe & Mail in 2004–2006, this paper explores stereotypes of successful aging. Drawing on the insights from critical gerontology and critical discourse analysis, this study suggests that the three themes in the media discourse of successful aging (successful aging as an individual choice, individual responsibility for unsuccessful aging, and how to age successfully by staying engaged) embody the neo-liberal principles of containing the costs of eldercare and maximizing individual effort and responsibility for managing risks of disease and decline in later life.