cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formamidine pesticides enhance susceptibility to kindled seizures in amygdala and hippocampus of the rat.

Abstract Electrical kindling of the amygdala and hippocampus was used to evaluate the effects of two formamidines, chlordimeform (CDF) and amitraz (AMZ), upon seizures susceptibility in the rat. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with electrodes in the amygdala or dorsal dentate gyrus, and injected IP daily with 40 mg/kg CDF, 50 mg/kg AMZ, or equal volumes of their respective vehicles. Afterdischarge (AD) thresholds were determined after the first injection. Animals were then stimulated twice daily, 2 and 4 hours postinjection, at a standard 200 μA stimulus intensity until three stage 5 generalized seizures ensued. Both CDF and AMZ significantly facilitated amygdaloid kindling rate, and CDF also facilitated hippocampal kindling rate. The effects of AMZ on hippocampal kindling were not assessed. AD durations were prolonged in the formamidine-treated groups, but there was no effect on AD thresholds. The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and/or local anesthetic-like properties of these compounds may be responsible for these seizure enhancing effects.
Compressed dimensions in digital media occupations: Journalists in transformation

This study explores how much the concept of globalization via the internet is transforming the occupation of journalists. This research relied on the expertise of online journalists from Latin America, North America and Europe through their participation in three sets of online focus groups. Our findings pointed to a perception by these specific online journalists of a compressed social distance between themselves and the audience, as well as a more compact time dimension impacting the news cycle. This study supports similar findings of the roles, responsibilities and resources of media workers in other digital occupations, where requirements of multitasking and adaptability are necessary. This exploratory study aims to serve as a foundation to explain how this online medium is evolving and how online journalists perform and operate within it.
The Development of Real Unit Labour Costs in the Context of Cyclical Fluctuations in the Economy

The main aim of this paper is to analyse the reaction of real unit labour costs and labour productivity in the EU Member States to cyclical fluctuations in the economy of the EU and in the context of different starting positions for each state. The starting position of the states was determined by the value of gross value added per employee. The used dates were gathered over the period 1996 - 2011 (16 years). The analysis shows that the dynamics of labour productivity is strongly positively determined by the cyclical development of the economy of the EU. On the other hand, the dynamics of real unit labour costs is not significantly affected by cyclical fluctuations. The analysis has found that the states with the lowest average gross value added per worker in the base year have less reaction to cyclical fluctuations from the perspective of the dynamics of the monitored indicators.
Curbing Abusive Discovery by Including Certain E-Discovery Related Costs to the List of Taxable Costs in 28 U.S.C. § 1920

This article argues that discovery requests are susceptible to waste and abuse due to the moral hazard inherent to a producer pays system, and that one approach to solving these problems would be to include certain e-discovery related costs to the list of taxable costs contained in 28 U.S.C. § 1920. Adding e-discovery related costs (excluding attorney related fees) to the list of taxable cost in § 1920 would help to curb overbroad discovery request and act as a deterrent to discovery requests that are primarily calculated to drive up litigation expenses. By aligning transaction costs with the requesting party, the requesting party is more likely to make a request in which “the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit.” This article discusses some of the issues involved in using a taxable cost approach, namely balancing the efficiencies and cost savings produced by aligning the costs of production with the requesting party against keeping courts accessible to indigent plaintiffs. This paper ends by proposing a model amendment that incorporates the Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM) and discusses how such a rule might be applied in practice.
A High-Speed Schlieren Technique for Investigation of Aerodynamic Transients

Development of a simple high-speed schlieren technique for investigation of aerodynamic transients is described, and sample photographs are shown. A spark light source was developed which was capable of delivering bursts of up to 250 photographs at a frequency as high as 16,000 protographs per sec. A simple inexpensive camera for recording the data photographically was devised and constructed in the laboratory. The photographic units were adapted to the schlieren equipment that was on hand, and data were recorded at a Mach Number of 3.5 in an intermittent wind tunnel.
"It's Just Really Not Me": How Pre-Service English Teachers from a Traditional Teacher Education Program Experience Student-Teaching in Charter-School Networks.

AbstractThough teacher educators nationwide are considering ways to provide urban placements for pre-service teachers (PSTs), little research has examined how PSTs experience placements in schools operated by charter management organizations (CMOs). This study considers CMOs—which often hold particular instructional and classroom management philosophies—as a specific type of school-based learning environment. We draw from a Discourse analytic theoretical framework using qualitative methodology to study how three English education focal PSTs experience disconnections between student-teaching placements at CMO schools and their teacher education program. Findings suggest three ways teacher educators can support PSTs in navigating school-based learning. PSTs in this study experienced contexts and philosophies that varied greatly between their schools and teacher education program. Implications include: (1) PSTs must feel that others in their schools value their learning; (2) PSTs in cohorts must feel they be...
Bacterial Infections and Cancer Development

Multiple epidemiological and clinical studies have identified an association between specific bacterial infection and cancers. Several bacterial infections have been proven to serve as risk factors for the initial development and survival of cancerous cells in different tissues and organs. It is estimated that about 20–25 % of all human cancers are caused by chronic infection-derived inflammation. A sustained production of various reactive aldehydes, oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, at the inflammatory microenvironment can perturb normal biological and physiological processes leading to genomic instability and an increased risk of cancer development. Furthermore, toxins produced by bacteria, different bacteria-derived metabolites and some bacterial virulence factors may be also involved in the associated tumorigenic processes via DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation and other mechanisms. Unfortunately, it is still not fully clear which combinations of specific bacteria-associated factors and microenvironmental stimuli contribute to high incidence of cancer during certain infectious diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of how bacterial infections affect cancer development and progression will promote new or more efficient approaches to cancer prevention and therapy.
Effect of inhalable particle on respiratary system diseases in Henan province

Aim: To study the effect of inhalable particle on respiratary system disease in Henan province.Methods:According to monitoring data fo Enviroment Protection Bureau of Henan province,3 cities were selected as medium-polluted,low-polluted and no-polluted city.Positive rates of respiratary system sympotms in two weeks(PRRSS),incidence of chronic respiratary system diseases in two weeks(IRSD) and incidence of chronic respiratary system diseases in half year(ICRSD) were surveyed by questionnare in people which were selected randomly in 3 cities.Results:Medium-polluted,low-polluted and no-polluted cities′ PRRSS were 8.43%,6.33% and 5.74%,IRSD were 13.1%,9.3% and 7.8%,respectively,ICRSD were 5.8%,4.0% and 3.2%,respectively,there were significant difference among the 3 cities(P0.05).Conclusion: Because of inhalable particle pollution in Henan province,the incidence of respiratary system diseases ascended significantly.
Common Causes of False-Positive CK-MB Test for Acute Myocardial Infarction

This article discusses factors contributing to false-positive isoenzyme tests for acute myocardial infarction including atypical bands resembling CK-MB.
Circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies in azoospermic men with congenital bilateral absence of the vasa deferentia.

Circulating sperm agglutinins were studied in 29 patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vasa deferentia. None of these patients had previously had a testicular biopsy and none had ever had sperm cells in their ejaculates. Serum was examined for sperm-agglutinating antibodies by Shulmans modification of the Kibrick method. Extremely high titers (1:32-1:4096) of sperm-agglutinating antibodies were found in 18 patients (62.1%). Low titers (1:16 or less) were present in 5 men; 6 men had no antibodies.
Field test measurements of Lidar backscatter off a rocket plume

Lidar backscatter from the plume of the third stage of the Red Tigress rocket was measured with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's laser ranging system integrated at the Air Force Optical Tracking Site in Malabar, Florida.1 To our knowledge these are the first calibrated Lidar measurements off a rocket plume throughout a trajectory. A block diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 1. The transmitter was a mode-locked Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm. The laser output is 300 mJ with a 250 ps pulse at a 10 Hz repetition rate. The laser was directed to the target through the 0.61 m telescope (T1) which projected a 70 grad beam as measured in the far field.
Abstracting SL Forms

The first logical forms to be explicitly introduced are known as Sentential Logic forms, or SL forms. We will hereafter use SL to abbreviate Sentential Logic. In defining an argument in the logician’s sense, it was assumed that we could recognize assertions in order to construct sequences of sentences corresponding to arguments in the technical form. It is clear that we can use this insight to assign simply the same symbol to both of any pair of sentences sufficiently simple that we can see that they are true or false together in any conceivable circumstances. For example, the sentences “John loves Mary” and “Mary is loved by John” are not identical, but in the context of most arguments they would be used to make assertions true or false together, so that they could be abstracted to the same symbol. The difficulties which arise in abstracting to SL forms are concerned with pairs of sentences which are used to make assertions neither obviously equivalent nor obviously independent in their truth-values. The truth-value of an assertion is always truth or falsity, depending on the relevant facts. Since experience will enable us to see equivalences that might otherwise be obscure, we need some fairly objective. criterion of equivalence and independence in order to have a common symbolism for SL forms.
Corking of delicious apples (Malus domestica borkh.) on four rootstocks as affected by calcium and boron supplied through trickle irrigation

Calcium alone or with boron was supplied by trickle irrigation to ‘Topred’ and ‘Redspur’ strains of ‘Delicious’ on 4 rootstocks (Seedling, Malling‐Merton 104, 106 and 111) in 1977–80. Treatments were (1) water only, (2) Ca as CaCl2 and (3) Ca+B as CaCl2 and Na2B4O7, added at rates of 50 and 1 g/tree/day for Ca and B, respectively, over 100‐day periods each year. Only treatment 3 with Ca and B reduced corking and increased fruit with no spots by 7.2% compared to water only. This was associated with overall increases in leaf, peel, and flesh Ca of 14, 13 and 8%, respectively (with rootstock interactions), and increases in leaf, peel and flesh B of 90, 265 and 337%, respectively, when compared to the check. The Ca treatment enhanced leaf Ca but not peel or flesh Ca. Addition of B to Ca enhanced peel and flesh Ca but not leaf Ca. Trees on MM‐106 rootstocks had higher leaf Ca than those on other rootstocks regardless of treatment but flesh Ca and corking severity were not affected. Trees on MM‐104 roo...
Oxidative stress induced NRF2 regulation in BxPC-3 cells and identification of targets for therapeutic intervention

P cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and ninth leading cause of cancer death in the world. Estimated new cases and deaths from pancreatic cancer in 2013 in the United States would be 45,220 and deaths 38,460. Most patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer die within 6 months, and only 4% survive 5 years after diagnosis. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by colossal local invasion and early metastatic growth to the liver and regional lymph nodes. Expression of Nrf2 was up-regulated in oxidatively stressed BxPC-3 cell line and ductal adenocarcinomas. Furthermore the BxPC-3 cell line responds to stress signals and resist chemotherapeutic interventions and have shown drug resistance. The Nrf2 has also been implicated in proliferation in certain pancreatic adenocarinomas. Normally, ROS levels are tightly controlled by an inducible antioxidant program that responds to cellular stressors and is predominantly regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. It was also identified the presence of a number of gene products involved in integrin signaling pathways. The comparative proteomic analysis using Protein Center and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis have shown the activation of DNA repair pathway genes like RAD50, ApeX, damage-specific DNA binding protein which have the capability to repair DNA damage. The activation of NRF2 transcriptional factor in BxPC-3 treated cells shows that it may bind to the DNA at the location of the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) or also called hARE (Human Antioxidant Response Element) which is the master regulator of the total antioxidant system. These results may have some promise in therapeutic intervention in the treatment of pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma.
Spatial and Community Consequences

Building on the microlevel effects covered in previous chapters, this chapter discusses several ways that household mobility affects large-scale, macrolevel processes. One such way is through selective mobility—the notion that certain groups are more likely to move and move to different types of places. Selective mobility can lead to population redistribution and reinforce geographies of inequality. At the neighborhood level, high rates of household mobility can lead to low community cohesion and high rates of social disorganization and crime. Household mobility, especially over long distances, also spatially and geographically reorganizes kin and social networks. These three large-scale outcomes even have important implications for nonmobile individuals. This chapter brings together interdisciplinary research to show how household mobility can change population distributions, community organization, and sociospatial dynamics.
Lithium rich cathode/graphite anode combination for lithium ion cells with high tolerance to near zero volt storage

Abstract Management of reversible lithium is an advantageous approach to design lithium ion cells that are tolerant to near zero volt (NZV) storage under fixed resistive load towards highly controllable, enhanced user-inactive safety. Presently, the first cycle loss from a high energy density Li-rich HE5050 cathode is used to provide excess reversible lithium when paired with an appropriately capacity matched mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode. Cells utilizing 1.2 M LiPF6 3:7 v/v ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate electrolyte and a lithium reference were used for 3-electrode testing. After conditioning, a fixed resistive load was applied to 3-electrode cells for 72 or 168-h during which the anode potential and electrode asymptotic potential (EAP) remained less than the copper dissolution potential. After multiple storage cycles (room temperature or 40 °C), the NZV coulombic efficiency (cell reversibility) exceeded 97% and the discharge capacity retention was >98%. Conventional 2-electrode HE5050/MCMB pouch cells stored at NZV or open circuit for 3 days had nearly identical rate capability (up to 5C) and discharge performance stability (for 500 cycles under a 30% depth of discharge low-earth-orbit regime). Thus, lithium ion cells with appropriately capacity matched HE5050/MCMB electrodes have excellent tolerance to prolonged NZV storage, which can lead to enhanced user-inactive safety.
DNA Nanoparticles Programmed from the Top Down with Variable Design Motifs

A hallmark of naturally evolved RNA assemblies, such as the ribosome, ribonuclease-P, and tRNAs, is their ability to fold from a single nucleic acid strand into complex, functional 3D structures with diverse biological functions in the cell. A long-standing aim of synthetic structural biology has been to mimic these properties of self-folding and functionality using a single strand of DNA, as a stepping stone to RNA, because of its fewer secondary structure conformations and increased preference to hybridize in solution. Deriving the rules for such self-assembly also allows for the ability to extend the design space to structures beyond the set of naturally evolved molecules. Toward this end, we have developed a top-down sequence design approach based on the principle of scaffolded DNA origami. First, we present a fully autonomous algorithm to produce a single-stranded DNA scaffold and complementary staple strands, which fold into nearly arbitrary target 3D objects, from Platonic solids to non-spherical topologies, with near quantitative synthetic yield, demonstrated for a dozen structures experimentally (Veneziano, Ratanalert, et al., Science, 2016). Second, we present a powerful approach that eliminates staple strands entirely, offering the ability to program a single DNA molecule to fold into these arbitrary 3D shapes on its own, similar to natural RNA assemblies. We examine the folding pathways of each of these design modalities using quantitative PCR and present a thermodynamic model to optimize sequence design, folding temperature, and yield (Ratanalert et al., in prep, 2016). Together, these algorithms solve a long-standing challenge of synthetic structural biology to program nearly arbitrary 3D geometries using synthetic nucleic acids.
Dimerized Domain V of Beta2-Glycoprotein I Is Sufficient to Upregulate Procoagulant Activity in PMA-Treated U937 Monocytes and Require Intact Residues in Two Phospholipid-Binding Loops

Upregulation of the procoagulant activity of monocytes by antibodies to beta2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is one of the mechanisms contributing to thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. Current knowledge about receptors responsible for the upregulation of procoagulant activity by β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complexes and their binding sites on β2GPI is far from complete. We quantified the procoagulant activity expressed by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated U937 cells by measuring clotting kinetics in human plasma exposed to stimulated cells. Cells stimulated with anti-β2GPI were compared to cells treated with dimerized domain V of β2GPI (β2GPI-DV) or point mutants of β2GPI-DV. We demonstrated that dimerized β2GPI-DV is sufficient to induce procoagulant activity in monocytes. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we determined that the phospholipid-binding interface on β2GPI is larger than previously thought and includes Lys308 in β2GPI-DV. Intact residues in two phospholipid-binding loops of β2GPI-DV were important for the potentiation of procoagulant activity. We did not detect a correlation between the ability of β2GPI-DV variants to bind ApoER2 and potentiation of the procoagulant activity of cells. The region on β2GPI inducing procoagulant activity in monocytes can now be narrowed down to β2GPI-DV. The ability of β2GPI-DV dimers to come close to cell membrane and attach to it is important for the stimulation of procoagulant activity.
Data-Driven Rank Aggregation with Application to Grand Challenges

The increased number of challenges for comparative evaluation of biomedical image analysis procedures clearly reflects a need for unbiased assessment of the state-of-the-art methodological advances. Moreover, the ultimate translation of novel image analysis procedures to the clinic requires rigorous validation and evaluation of alternative schemes, a task that is best outsourced to the international research community. We commonly see an increase of the number of metrics to be used in parallel, reflecting alternative ways to measure similarity. Since different measures come with different scales and distributions, these are often normalized or converted into an individual rank ordering, leaving the problem of combining the set of multiple rankings into a final score. Proposed solutions are averaging or accumulation of rankings, raising the question if different metrics are to be treated the same or if all metrics would be needed to assess closeness to truth. We address this issue with a data-driven method for automatic estimation of weights for a set of metrics based on unsupervised rank aggregation. Our method requires no normalization procedures and makes no assumptions about metric distributions. We explore the sensitivity of metrics to small changes in input data with an iterative perturbation scheme, to prioritize the contribution of the most robust metrics in the overall ranking. We show on real anatomical data that our weighting scheme can dramatically change the ranking.
Personality Change in the Preclinical Phase of Alzheimer Disease.

Importance Changes in behavior and personality are 1 criterion for the diagnosis of dementia. It is unclear, however, whether such changes begin before the clinical onset of the disease. Objective To determine whether increases in neuroticism, declines in conscientiousness, and changes in other personality traits occur before the onset of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort of 2046 community-dwelling older adults who volunteered to participate in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were included. The study examined personality and clinical assessments obtained between 1980 and July 13, 2016, from participants with no cognitive impairment at first assessment who were followed up for as long as 36 years (mean [SD], 12.05 [9.54] years). The self-report personality scales were not considered during consensus diagnostic conferences. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in self-rated personality traits assessed in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease and other dementias with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, a 240-item questionnaire that assesses 30 facets, 6 for each of the 5 major dimensions: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Results Of the 2046 participants, 931 [45.5%] were women; mean (SD) age at first assessment was 62.56 (14.63) years. During 24 569 person-years, mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed in 104 (5.1%) individuals, and all-cause dementia was diagnosed in 255 (12.5%) participants, including 194 (9.5%) with Alzheimer disease. Multilevel modeling that accounted for age, sex, race, and educational level found significant differences on the intercept of several traits: individuals who developed dementia scored higher on neuroticism (β = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.44 to 4.22; P P P = .02). Change in personality (ie, slope), however, was not significantly different between the nonimpaired and the Alzheimer disease groups (eg, neuroticism: β = 0.00; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.08; P = .91; conscientiousness: β = −0.06; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.04; P = .24). Slopes for individuals who developed mild cognitive impairment (eg, neuroticism: β = 0.00; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.12; P = .98; conscientiousness: β = −0.09; 95% CI, −0.23 to 0.05; P = .18) and all-cause dementia (eg, neuroticism: β = 0.02; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.10; P = .49; conscientiousness: β = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.00; P = .07) were also similar to those for nonimpaired participants. Conclusions and Relevance No evidence for preclinical change in personality before the onset of mild cognitive impairment or dementia was identified. These findings provide evidence against the reverse causality hypothesis and strengthen evidence for personality traits as a risk factor for dementia.
Global Economy 1987-2017 – Unpredictability of Predictability

Investment funds, their foundation and development in Serbia, as a country with transition economy, should be viewed in the context of overall economic reforms, which are necessary for these kind of countries, to enable them to emerge from decades of stagnation and poverty, and create conditions for establishing an open market economy. Only within financial reforms, investment companies provide a significant contribution in the improvement of the national economies of the countries in transition. Through knowledge of their managers and scope of resources they possess, they have greater opportunities than individuals - from quality and professional market analysis, to the dispersion of risk by investing in various securities. This paper presents the impact of investment funds as institutional investors on financial market development, as well as their role in the privatization process and points out the problems and possibilities of development of investment funds in the countries in transition.
Management of an Outbreak of Exophiala dermatitidis Bloodstream Infections at an Outpatient Oncology Clinic

We report the presentation and management of 17 cases of Exophiala dermatitidis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa bloodstream infections caused by a compounded parenteral medication at an oncology clinic. Twelve patients were asymptomatic. All central venous catheters were removed and antifungal therapy, primarily voriconazole, was administered to patients. Three patients died.
PANDAS: A commentary

PANDAS is an acronym for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infection. As defined, the criteria include prepubertal children with either a tic or obsessive-compulsive disorder in whom a Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection (GABHS) triggers the abrupt onset or exacerbation of tics/obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Pathophysiologically, it is proposed that antibodies produced against GABHS cross-react with neuronal cells, in a process involving molecular mimicry. Although PANDAS has received widespread notoriety, the existence of this condition has been questioned. This commentary reviews clinical and laboratory issues pertinent to the diagnosis of this entity. We conclude that PANDAS is an intriguing hypothesis that requires further confirmation.
The Nature of Organizational Decision Support Systems

Organizational decision support systems (ODSS) have been defined as computer-based systems that focus on organizational tasks affecting several organizational units, functions, and/or hierarchical layers. The nature of these systems is explored here through reviewing definitions and information technology requirements of ODSS as well as descriptions of actual systems that have been developed and implemented. The chapter also summarizes the findings from studies of ODSS impacts and of their links to enterprise systems. The possibility of scaling up from individual to organizational decision support systems (DSS) is then examined. The conclusion is that organizational DSS are similar in many ways to individual DSS but differ in that they are designed with extended reach and purpose.
Technology in Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action

Information and communication technologies ( ICT ) are major forces shaping our current age. ICT affects many areas of human existence and influences the both human wellbeing and human evil. The nonprofit sector is already heavily involved in technology both as a way to pursue its mission and as an influential factor in the evolution of the sector. This article examines how technology affects the sector and how the sector uses technology in its work.The article begins with a discussion of how the emerging information society will change the nonprofit sector. The sector that we know is grounded on our experience in the agrarian and industrial periods in the United States and Europe. We then explore how technology evolved in the sector. This is followed by an examination of technology and nonprofit organizational behavior. Technology changes the organizations that make use of its capacities. Next is a discussion of the types of technology that nonprofit organizations use. The final three sections deal with technology and social change, technology in nonprofit settings, and issues and trends. This article provides the reader with a current appreciation of the scholarly and professional literature on ICT in the nonprofit sector.
Evolving concepts in surgical management of testis cancer.

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor is an extraordinary tumor in terms of demonstrating the impact of regional lymphadenectomy on survival. Over the years many series have shown that node-positive (pathologic stage II) patients can still be cured with local measures in excess of 50% of the lymphatic drainage predictable. These relate to features of anatomic descent of the gonad and its associated lymphatics. A number of topographic studies have supported the regional deposition of metastatic disease, and we have a good understanding of this. More importantly, there are biologic considerations that probably lend to the opportunity for cure with testis cancer patients with surgery alone. Many patients will have teratomatous elements that have somewhat lower metastatic potential. What is fascinating, however, is that even undifferentiated germ cell tumors, such as embryonal cancer, still are often cured with lymphadenectomy alone. Data recently presented in the New England Journal of Medicine in the cooperative multi-institutional study show that a control group treated with node dissection alone had more than half of the patients as long-term survivors without relapse [1].
Effect of Thiamine Administration on Lactate Clearance and Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock.

Objectives:Mounting evidence has shown that critically ill patients are commonly thiamine deficient. We sought to test the hypothesis that critically ill patients with septic shock exposed to thiamine would demonstrate improved lactate clearance and more favorable clinical outcomes compared with tho
Media and the Coming Out of Gay Male Athletes in American Team Sports

Although neither Billings nor Moscowitz considers themself rhetoricians—Billings is among the most published sports media scholars in the world and Director of the University of Alabama Program in ...
Image-based analysis and simulation of the effect of platelet storage temperature on clot mechanics under uniaxial strain

Optimal strength and stability of blood clots are keys to hemostasis and in prevention of hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. Clots are biocomposite materials composed of fibrin network enmeshing platelets and other blood cells. We have previously shown that the storage temperature of platelets significantly impacts clot structure and stiffness. The objective of this work is to delineate the relationship between morphological characteristics and mechanical response of clot networks. We examined scanning electron microscope images of clots prepared from fresh apheresis platelets, and from apheresis platelets stored for 5 days at room temperature or at 4 °C, suspended in pooled plasma. Principal component analysis of nine different morphometric parameters revealed that a single principal component (PC1) can distinguish the effect of platelet storage on clot ultrastructure. Finite element analysis of clot response to uniaxial strain was used to map the spatially heterogeneous distribution of strain energy density for each clot. At modest deformations (25% strain), a single principal component (PC2) was able to predict these heterogeneities as quantified by variability in strain energy density distribution and in linear elastic stiffness, respectively. We have identified structural parameters that are primary regulators of stress distribution, and the observations provide insights into the importance of spatial heterogeneity on hemostasis and thrombosis.
Isolation and Characterization of a Homoleptic Tetramethylcobalt(III) Distorted Square-Planar Complex

Homoleptic cobalt alkyl and aryl complexes are extremely rare, limited predominantly to complexes utilizing bulky, stabilizing ligands. There have been no reports to date of homoleptic cobalt speci...
System Enactment: An Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Perspective

Enactment is primarily conceptualized as a phenomenon occurring in the therapeutic dyad. This paper presents a relational construct of enactment as it manifests in the individual, interpersonal and...
Crowdsourcing Under Data Poisoning Attacks: A Comparative Study

Crowdsourcing is a paradigm that provides a cost-effective solution for obtaining services or data from a large group of users. It is increasingly being used in modern society for data collection in domains such as image annotation or real-time traffic reports. A key component of these crowdsourcing applications is truth inference which aims to derive the true answer for a given task from the user-contributed data, e.g. the existence of objects in an image, or true traffic condition of a road. In addition to the variable quality of the contributed data, a potential challenge presented to crowdsourcing applications is data poisoning attacks where malicious users may intentionally and strategically report incorrect information in order to mislead the system to infer the wrong truth for all or a targeted set of tasks. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive data poisoning attack taxonomy for truth inference in crowdsourcing and systematically evaluate the state-of-the-art truth inference methods under various data poisoning attacks. We use several evaluation metrics to analyze the robustness or susceptibility of truth inference methods against various attacks, which sheds light on the resilience of existing methods and ultimately helps in building more robust truth inference methods in an open setting.
Gaining insights from RNA-Seq data using iDEP

The analysis and interpretation of the RNA-Seq data can be time-consuming and challenging. We aim to streamline the bioinformatic analyses of gene-level data by developing a user-friendly web application for exploratory data analysis, differential expression, and pathway analysis. iDEP (integrated Differential Expression and Pathway analysis) seamlessly connects 63 R/Bioconductor packages, 208 annotation databases for plant and animal species, and 2 web services. The workflow can be reproduced by downloading customized R code and related files. As demonstrated by two examples, iDEP (http://ge-lab.org/idep/) democratizes access to bioinformatics resources and empowers biologists to easily gain actionable insights from transcriptomic data.
Development of the NeuroFlow Severity Score and Comparison With Validated Measures for Depression and Anxiety

PurposeAlthough depression and anxiety are the leading causes of disability in the United States, respectively, fewer than half of people diagnosed with these conditions receive appropriate treatment, and fewer than 10% receive measurement-based care (MBC), which is defined as behavioral health care based on and adapted in response to patient outcomes data collected throughout treatment. The NeuroFlow platform was developed with the goal of making MBC easier to deliver and more accessible within integrated behavioral health care. Data from over 3,000 users of the NeuroFlow platform were used to develop the NeuroFlow Severity Score (NFSS), a potential new measure for depression and anxiety. To begin evaluating the potential usefulness of this new measure, NFSSs were compared with validated measures for depression and anxiety, the Personal Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, and clinician assessment. MethodsThe NFSS platform is used to record patient-reported and passively collected data related to behavioral health. An artificial-intelligence derived algorithm was developed that condenses this large number of measurements into a single score for longitudinal tracking of an individuals depression and anxiety symptoms. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses were used to evaluate relationships and differences between NFSS and PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores from over 35,000 NeuroFlow users. The NFSS was also compared to assessment by a panel of expert clinicians for a subset of 250 individuals. ResultsLinear regression results showed a strong correlation between NFSS and PHQ-9 (r=.74, P<.001) and GAD-7 (r=.80, P<.001) changes. There was also a strong positive correlation between the NFSS and expert panel clinical assessment (r=.80-.84, P<.001). Bland-Altman analysis and evaluation of outliers on regression analysis, however, show that the NFSS has significant differences from the PHQ-9. ConclusionsClinicians can reliably use the NFSS as a proxy measure for monitoring symptoms of depression and anxiety longitudinally. The NFSS may identify at-risk individuals who are not identified by the PHQ-9. Further research is warranted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the NFSS.
A Self-Tuning WEC Controller For Changing Sea States

Abstract A self-tuning proportional-integral control law prescribing motor torques was tested in experiment on a three degree-of-freedom wave energy converter. The control objective was to maximize electrical power. The control law relied upon an identified model of device intrinsic impedance to generate a frequency-domain estimate of the wave-induced excitation force and measurements of device velocities. The control law was tested in irregular sea-states that evolved over hours (a rapid, but realistic time-scale) and that changed instantly (an unrealistic scenario to evaluate controller response). For both cases, the controller converges to gains that closely approximate the post-calculated optimal gains for all degrees of freedom. Convergence to near-optimal gains occurred reliably over a sufficiently short time for realistic sea states. In addition, electrical power was found to be relatively insensitive to gain tuning over a broad range of gains, implying that an imperfectly tuned controller does not result in a large penalty to electrical power capture. An extension of this control law that allows for adaptation to a changing device impedance model over time is proposed for long-term deployments, as well as an approach to explicitly handle constraints within this architecture.
Tracheobronchial Trauma from Double Lumen Tube Placement in Patients Undergoing Lung Transplantation

Abstract Tracheobronchial injury is rare but serious complication of double lumen tube (DLT) insertion. Here, we report two cases of tracheal laceration as a complication of DLT placement in patients undergoing lung transplantation and describe the increased risk for airway trauma in this patient population. We make additional suggestions to increase the margin of safety for DLT placement and present the variation of bronchial lumen size between three manufacturers of DLT commonly used in practice, with implications for DLT size selection.
Parkinson’s Disease and Future Trends in Telemedicine

Tele-neurology is an evolving branch of telemedicine which involves the use of sophisticated equipment including high-speed Internet, telephone, and peripheral instruments to consult a patient at a different geographic location. This chapter explains the use of tele-neurology in a case of Parkinson’s disease and also summarizes the future trends in tele-neurology and telemedicine.
Studies on the physical properties of fluorosed enamel. II. Microhardness.

Abstract The microhardness was measured on thirty teeth collected from Alamosa, Colorado; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Doland, S. Dakota, and Post, Texas, where the water supply contained 1.5, 2.6, 2.9 and 5.0 p.p.m. of fluoride respectively. The average hardness of teeth from each of these areas was compared with the average hardness of teeth from Birmingham, Alabama (0·00–0·03 p.p.m. F in the drinking water). It was found that the teeth from Colorado Springs and from Post were significantly softer than those from Birmingham but that the teeth from the other locations did not differ significantly. The degree of dental fluorosis appeared to be inversely proportional to the Knoop Hardness.
Piracy & Social Change| Dialogic Comedy in Pirate Rhetoric

This article analyzes how the groups of the Swedish Pirate movement (specifically the Piratbyran, The Pirate Bay, the Missionerande Kopimistsamfundet, and the Piratpartiet) use dialogical comedy to counter the rhetoric of the copyright lobby. By appropriating the discourse, slogans, and even names of pro-copyright groups, the Swedish groups position themselves as the natural respondents to antipiracy campaigns. This positioning helps them to publicize onerous copyright legislation and prompt discussion on infringement, free speech, and digital rights. The reclamation of the term piracy and the subversive doubling of antipiracy rhetoric in parody, irony, and satire allows for the resignification of piracy and the recontextualization of incorrect and alarmist statements by industry representatives. As a rhetorical strategy, dialogic comedy counters hegemonic discourse, facilitates social learning, and inaugurates debate and dialogue.
Analytic Continuation and Riemann Surfaces

Consider the following problem. Let f be an analytic function on a region G; when can f be extended to an analytic function f1 on an open set G1 which properly contains G? If G1 is obtained by adjoining to G a disjoint open set so that G becomes a component of G1, f can be extended to G 1 by defining it in any way we wish on G1 — G so long as the result is analytic. So to eliminate such trivial cases it is required that G1 also be a region.
Long-term management and preservation of digital information

The Long-term Management and Preservation of Digital Information BOF was a successful session that permitted a review of core issues and exchange of ideas. Approximately a dozen government, academia, and commercial representatives discussed a range of concerns, including the following:• Problems over time maintaining information encoded within proprietary software formats.• Barriers in the ability of organizations to transfer large collections of digital information to another organization for the purpose of changing intellectual or physical custody.• Strategic shortcomings in aligning and coordinating the many different communities that have a common interest in digital preservation.• Difficulties in managing very large-and rapidly growing-digital collections within individual organizations.
Message from the Vice President: Let's have mofe applicattons papers for G-AP TRANSACTIONS

One of the most common comments from the membership is that G-AP should publish more applications papers in the Transactions. This also is one of our most widely agreed upon issues. It is difficult to find anyone who opposes the idea. The question is, how do we go about doing it? The fact is, these papers are not being submitted in sufficient quantity to our Transactions (Editor, Rick Ricardi). These papers must come from you, the members who want them. Submit papers on the interesting, practical A and P work that you are doing. The reviewers will not turn down a good practical paper. Besides, those of you who submit these papers may get your names on Rick's list of potential reviewers and soon find yourselves reviewing the applications papers.
Purification and Characterization of Milk Lipase. I. Purification

Summary Milk lipase was isolated successfully from clarifier sediment. The method involves preparation of acetone powder of the sediment, extraction of the enzyme with water, and fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate and acetone. The enzyme with some minor contaminants selectively precipitates between 35 and 45% saturation of ammonium sulfate and at 45% (v/v) concentration of acetone. Finally, the enzyme is purified by chromatography on a Sephadex G-50 column. The purity and homogeneity of the enzyme was confirmed with the ultracentrifugal and gel electrophoretic techniques. The specific activity of the purest lipase fraction had a purification of about 88-fold on the milk protein basis, with an over-all yield of about 22%. The purification was 250-fold on the basis of milk solids and 2,600-fold on the basis of milk. The purified enzyme gave a typical protein ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maximum absorption at 277m μ and minimum at 251m μ , with A 277 /A 251 ratio being 2.34. Chemical analysis showed that the enzyme contained 49.63% carbon, 7.51% hydrogen, 14.33% nitrogen, 1.04% sulfur, and 0.26% phosphorus. The purified enzyme seems to be distinctly different in its characteristics from other known milk proteins and enzymes. In milk it probably exists as a physically adsorbed unit on casein particles.
Power market dynamics: the statistical mechanics of transaction-based control

Statistical mechanics provides a useful analog for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including power markets and the power systems they intend to govern. Transaction-based control is founded on the conjecture that the regulation of complex systems based on price-mediated strategies (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and an emergent optimal control. We outline a model based on strict analogies to thermodynamic quantities. The model accurately describes power market data collected from three North American independent system operators (ISO) in recent years. The ISO data is analyzed, comparing the behavioral similarities and differences that are observed.
Calibrating ChIP-Seq with Nucleosomal Internal Standards to Measure Histone Modification Density Genome Wide

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) serves as a central experimental technique in epigenetics research, yet there are serious drawbacks: it is a relative measurement, which untethered to any external scale obscures fair comparison among experiments; it employs antibody reagents that have differing affinities and specificities for target epitopes that vary in abundance; and it is frequently not reproducible. To address these problems, we developed Internal Standard Calibrated ChIP (ICeChIP), wherein a native chromatin sample is spiked with nucleosomes reconstituted from recombinant and semisynthetic histones on barcoded DNA prior to immunoprecipitation. ICeChIP measures local histone modification densities on a biologically meaningful scale, enabling unbiased trans-experimental comparisons, and reveals unique insight into the nature of bivalent domains. This technology provides in situ assessment of the immunoprecipitation step, accommodating for many experimental pitfalls as well as providing a critical examination of untested assumptions inherent to conventional ChIP.
Simple Methods for Calculating LF and VLF Reflection Loss In the Disturbed Lower Ionosphere

Two simple methods for estimating LF and VLF reflection loss are devised, and the procedures for applying the methods are described. The first method involves estimating the actual height of reflection, fitting an exponential profile at this height, using the wave theory answer for the fitted exponential profile, and, if necessary, applying a correction for departure from the fitted exponential profile well below the level of reflection. The second method integrates the nondeviating region attenuation coefficient up to a level chosen, using wave theory, to give the right answer when the profile near the level of reflection is exponential. For practical evaluations of LF and VLF transmission loss in nuclear burst environments involving highly oblique reflections in the lower D region, the methods presented can be applied with adequate accuracy for transmission frequencies at least as low as 10 kHz.