cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Theology in the Academy

Recently, theology has garnered renewed attention in the academy. For various reasons, both theologians and some religious studies scholars have argued that theology deserves to be brought into greater dialogue with other disciplines, and some have even argued that theology ought to be taught in the public university. There are interesting arguments to be made that theology is more similar to other disciplines than might initially be supposed, and even that it is at the cutting edge of certain recent developments in scholarship more broadly. There are also, however, noteworthy barriers to incorporating theology more fully into the academy, and these may present significant challenges to inter-disciplinary dialogue and the possibility of productive exchange between theology and other areas of research.
The effects of the delays on systems subject to manual control

Results are presented of an experimental study to determine the effects of time delays in manual control systems. A simple, fixed-base laboratory simulation facility is used for determining pilot dynamics and tracking performance in a series of single-axis, compensatory tracking tasks. In these tasks, three time-delay values and three controlled-element dynamics are used. The delays are chosen to encompass values encountered in experimental and operational aircraft. It is noted that the controlled-element dynamics replicate those found in many previous manual control studies, that is, the classical displacement, rate, and acceleration control systems. The experimental effort is complemented with an analytical pilot modeling study where the parameters of a structural model of the human pilot are adjusted so as to provide excellent matches to the experimentally determined pilot dynamics. The experimental and analytical studies both indicate that time delays cause significant changes in pilot equalization requirements.
Vehicle Routing with Shipment Consolidation

Abstract The Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Deliveries (VRPSD) is a decision model that is increasingly used in practice to enhance the efficiency of last-mile distribution, an important task which all manufacturing, distribution, and retail firms must perform. In its current form, however, the VRPSD is missing an important cost saving opportunity by not allowing interactions among multiple vehicles that visit the same customer. In this paper, we introduce an extended version of the VRPSD, called the Vehicle Routing Problem with Shipment Consolidation (VRPC), a model that considers not only split deliveries, but also shipment exchanges (transfers) between different vehicles at certain customer locations (a process referred to as mid-route shipment consolidation). We conduct a series of numerical experiments, as well as a case study, to show that VRPC solutions match or outperform those of the VRPSD. Results indicate that up to 10 percent savings may be attained through the VRPC in lieu of the VRPSD, which implies that the efficiency of last-mile delivery may be improved by allowing mid-route shipment consolidation at select customer locations.
Tuning Guidelines for Model-Predictive Control

This paper reviews available tuning guidelines for model-predictive control (MPC) from theoretical and practical perspectives. Its primary focus is on the guidelines introduced since the publication of our previous review of MPC tuning guidelines in this same journal in 2010. Since then, new guidelines based on approaches such as pole placement and multiobjective optimization have been proposed, and more autotuning methods have been introduced. This review covers different implementations of MPC such as dynamic matrix control, generalized predictive control, and state-space-model predictive control that requires Kalman filter tuning. The closed-loop performances of a distillation column and the Shell fractionator under model-predictive controllers tuned using four different tuning guidelines are compared through numerical simulations.
Mass Balance of Gaseous and Particulate Products from β-Pinene/O3/Air in the Absence of Light and β-Pinene/NOx/Air in the Presence of Natural Sunlight

The gas and particle phase products from the reaction of β-pinene with the atmospheric oxidants O3 and OH radicals in the presence of NOx were investigated using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identification and quantification of reaction products. The nighttime oxidation of β-pinene in the presence of O3/air and the daytime oxidation of β-pinene in the presence of NOx/air and natural sunlight were carried out in the University of North Carolina large outdoor smog chamber (190 m3) located in Chatham County, North Carolina. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer system (3936, TSI) and a Condensation Particle Counter (3025A, TSI) were used to study the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and a filter pack/denuder sampling system was used for simultaneously collecting gas and particle phase products for analysis. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-EIMS or GC-CIMS) was used for the identification and quantification of gas and aerosol products. A HPLC method was used for the measurement of small carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPH) derivatives. Mass balances for gaseous and aerosol reaction products were reported over the course of the reaction. More than sixteen products were identified and/or quantified in this study. On average, measured gas and particle phase products accounted for ∼57 to ∼71% of the reacted β-pinene carbon. Measurements showed that a number of reaction products were found in both O3 and NOx systems (pinic acid, pinalic-3-acid, 4-hydroxypinalic-3-acid, 4-oxonopinone, 1-hydroxynopinone, 3-hydroxynopinone, and nopinone). Pinic acid, pinalic-3-acid, and 4-hydroxypinalic-3-acid were observed in the early stage in the aerosol phase and may play an important role in the early formation of secondary aerosols. Detailed reaction schemes are presented to account for most of the observed reaction products.
Chapter 5 – Opioids

Opioids are defined as all drugs, both natural and synthetic, with morphine-like action. Opioid addiction is a serious problem worldwide, and the abuse of opioid pain medications has reached epidemic levels. Opioids have very powerful psychotropic effects. They relieve not only physical pain but also emotional pain, thus forming their main behavioral mechanism of action. Much is known about the neurobiological substrates for the acute reinforcing effects of opioids. At the neurocircuitry level, neural elements in the region of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens are important. At the cellular level, evidence exists for a disinhibitory effect of opioids via glutamatergic or GABAergic interneurons. At the molecular level, the μ opioid receptor is the subtype most critical for the acute reinforcing effects of opioids. During the development of dependence on opioids, major between-system changes occur. All of these changes may contribute to the decreased reward system activity and increased stress system activity associated with opioid dependence and the allostatic molecular changes that drive craving during protracted abstinence.
Pyospermia: background and controversies

Pyospermia (or leukocytospermia) is suspected based on the presence of >1 × 106 round cells/mL of ejaculate and diagnosed using peroxidase stain revealing >1 × 106 white blood cells/mL. The presence of white blood cells is a concern for overt infections or excessive inflammation, both of which have been postulated to negatively impact bulk semen parameters and fertilization capability. The threshold for pyospermia has been debated upon in the literature, as has the optimal treatment method. In the absence of clinical infectious symptoms, it appears that antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and/or frequent ejaculation may improve bulk semen parameters in men with pyospermia. Further research is needed to adequately assess the effect of these methods on pregnancy and live birth outcomes, especially among couples attempting natural conception compared to those attempting intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization.
Psychoanalysis from the inside out: developing and sustaining an analytic identity and practice

Lena Ehrlich’s book, Psychoanalysis from the Inside Out: Developing and Sustaining an Analytic Identity and Practice, should be read by every person who aspires to have a robust analytic practice. ...
$\Lambda$CDM: Much more than we expected, but now less than what we want

The $\rm\Lambda$CDM cosmological model is remarkable: with just 6 parameters it describes the evolution of the Universe from a very early time when all structures were quantum fluctuations on subatomic scales to the present, and it is consistent with a wealth of high-precision data, both laboratory measurements and astronomical observations. However, the foundation of $\rm\Lambda$CDM involves physics beyond the standard model of particle physics: particle dark matter, dark energy and cosmic inflation. Until this `new physics' is clarified, $\rm\Lambda$CDM is at best incomplete and at worst a phenomenological construct that accommodates the data. I discuss the path forward, which involves both discovery and disruption, some grand challenges and finally the limits of scientific cosmology.
Do Parents Matter? Parental Attachment and Its Effect on Becoming Independent in Emerging Adulthood

Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Waves I and III are used to estimate the effect of parental attachment on independence in emerging adults ages 18 to 27. The nature of independence focused on living in a place of their own, which described about half of the sample. The study finds that emerging adults who, in their youth, expressed high attachments to their parents, were slightly less likely to become independent as emerging adults. Rather, age and gender are greater positive predictors of independence.
Detection and Control of Bursty Video and Packet Data Traffic

Numerous investigations have focused on what statistical features can be used to characterize burst arrivals. In ISDN[1] and VBR[2] packet traffic the probability density functions (pdf) of the interarrival time and scene-length respectively asymptotically decay as t-λ. The heavy tailed pdfs suggest high variance in the arrival process. High variance and long-range dependence can also be the result of clustered packet arrivals. Such clusters can have a significant impact on multiplexing and performance of high speed networks[3,4]. Consequently, methods for detecting and characterizing such events are needed. Recently it has been shown that the bursts can be adequately modeled using a chaotic model and self similar model for the packet run-length[5,6].
The effect of impermeable clothing on weight loss, heart rate, and core temperature in wrestlers.

Abstract This study compared heart rate, core temperature, and weight loss responses in wrestlers dehydrating in vapor barrier sweatsuits with the same responses while they were dehydrating in light clothing. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if the vapor barrier suit induced hidromeiosis to sufficient extent to off set additional weight loss associated with augmented central and peripheral drive for sweating. Weight loss was achieved with a combination exercise and thermal stress. University varsity wrestlers exercised at workloads between 600 and 900 kpm/min in an environment with Tdb = 35 ± 1° C and Twb = 26.5–28.5° C, respectively. Relative humidity was 50–64%. Subsequent additional thermal stress at rest was provided by sauna exposures at Tdb = 77–89° C. Ten 3-min exercise periods applied alternately with 1-min rest periods were followed by two 10-min sauna exposures alternated with rest. The subjects lost 30% more body weight with than without the sweatsuit—2.17 vs 1.67 kg. The diffe...
Multiscale distribution models for conserving widespread species: the case of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in India

Aim Information on patterns and determinants of spatial distributions remains poorly available for many widespread species of conservation importance. The sloth bear Melursus ursinus in the Indian subcontinent exemplifies this requirement. We aimed at assessing (1) distribution patterns of sloth bears at two spatial scales, (2) ecological and anthropogenic factors that determine bear occupancy. Location We estimated sloth bear habitat occupancy at a nationwide scale across India and at the landscape scale (38, 540 km2) in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Methods We used a grid-based occupancy approach to determine sloth bear distribution patterns. At the nationwide scale, we used data from questionnaire surveys of field experts (grid-cell size ~2818 km2; 1326 cells). At the landscape scale, we conducted field surveys of bear signs (grid-cell size = 188 km2; 205 cells). Detection/non-detection data from both surveys were analyzed using occupancy modelling methods that account for imperfect detection. We examined the influence of scale-specific ecological and social covariates on patterns of occupancy. Results Nationwide, sloth bears occupied an estimated 67% of plausible bear habitat in contrast to 46% derived from methods that disregard detectability. Bear distribution was positively influenced by deciduous forests, scrub and barren areas, regions with high human densities and cultural tolerance. At the landscape scale, bears occupied 61% of the area versus 54% estimated from methods ignoring detectability. Occupancy probabilities increased with forest cover and topographic heterogeneity, whereas annual precipitation and human disturbance showed negative effects. Main conclusions Our study underlines the need to integrate human-modified areas with existing conservation landscapes. Given its widespread nature, functional role, conservation status and relatively benign interactions with humans, we propose recognizing sloth bear as an umbrella species for securing unprotected habitats in India. Protection of widespread species like the sloth bear in other landscapes may complement current conservation strategies for large mammalian communities.
The Evolution of the Liberal Arts Economics Curriculum in the U.S.

This article looks at the evolution of the economics major in Liberal Arts schools. A sample of 145 liberal arts colleges is used to illustrate how today's curriculum compares with the recommendations given over the past half century of so. We find that most schools require a basic foundation, some breadth, and some depth in the economics curriculum. The biggest change over the last half century is in the increased requirements for quantitative classes. There has also been a substantial increase in the number of schools both requiring and offering international economics, while fewer are requiring money and banking. And finally, more schools are requiring students to participate in some type of senior experience.
Search for WZ production in the trilepton channel at the Tevatron and limits on the WWZ vertex anomalous couplings

A search for WZ production through the study of the reaction p $$\bar{p}$$→ l $$bar{v}$$ee+X (l = e, μ) at √s = 1.8 TeV using the D0 detector at Fermilab is presented.
The Aim of Inductive Logic

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the customary schema of decision theory involving the concepts of utility and probability. By inductive logic, the chapter indicates a theory of logical probability providing rules for inductive thinking. The chapter also explains the nature and purpose of inductive logic by showing the way it can be used in determining rational decisions. It mentions the term “probability” not in the objective sense but in the subjective sense —for example, as the degree of belief. This is a psychological concept in empirical decision theory, referring to the actual beliefs of actual human beings. The main conceptions of probability are often divided into two kinds, objectivistic and subjectivistic conceptions. These are not two incompatible doctrines concerning the same concept, but two theories that concern two different probability concepts, both of them legitimate and useful. The concept of objective (or statistical) probability is connected with relative frequencies in mass phenomena. It plays an important role in mathematical statistics, and it occurs in the laws of various branches of empirical science, especially physics.
The Johann Ruysch and Martin Waldseemüller World Maps: The Interplay and Merging of Early Sixteenth Century New World Cartographies. By Gregory C. McIntosh

This is a self-published essay consisting of 35 pages of narrative, eight figures, and three tables. The author makes two main points. First, the Ruysch 1508 World Map is initially and fundamentall...
Energy efficiency initiatives in emerging markets and developing countries

In missions to India, Pakistan, China, and South Africa, energy efficiency and sustainable energy development have been important focus areas. The missions have provided opportunities to discuss energy efficiency, sustainable energy development and economic progress, and to identify areas where there are opportunities for cooperative ventures in energy efficiency technologies and practices that will lead to both economic and environmental benefits. The format for the development of opportunities in the above countries has been for the Department of Energy (DOE) to work with a broad cross section of industrial companies, energy efficiency organizations and other interested parties to develop country specific teams with designated team leaders for each area identified during the mission. The US teams then draft action plans which serve as a basis for discussion with their international counterparts leading to mutually acceptable implementation plans. US country specific coordinating committees comprising DOE personnel and team leaders plan to hold meetings with their international counterparts to review progress and overcome any issues or barriers encountered. The paper describes the progress made to date with specific examples from the US-China and US-India teams. Also described is the energy efficiency and renewable energy initiative undertaken with Ghana by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
The effects of pregnancy experience on contraceptive practice.

Retrospective reports of contraceptive use on two occasions of intercourse (separated by 2 years on average) were used to examine change in contraceptive practice as a function of intervening pregnancy experience in a randomly selected biracial (Black, White) sample of 466 female adolescents. Although all groups of adolescents regardless of pregnancy experience improved their contraceptive use, adolescents experiencing an unplanned pregnancy or pregnancy scare appeared to improve relatively more. However, differences between groups could be explained by the differential passage of time, and this was true among both Black and White adolescents. Specifically, ever-pregnant adolescents had been sexually active the longest and showed the most improvement; never-pregnant adolescents who had never had a pregnancy scare had been sexually active the shortest period and showed the least improvement, while adolescents experiencing a pregnancy scare were intermediate on both variables. These findings suggest that prior research may have drawn faulty conclusions about the effects of pregnancy experience on subsequent contraceptive behavior, and that future research on these topics may need to pay greater attention to the passage of time as an important substantive and methodological factor in its own right.
A strategy for resolving the conflict between rapidly emerging technologies and slowly changing curricula

The strategy proposed would require the reduction of the amount of technical specialization in undergraduate engineering curricula. The foreclosure of narrow technical specialties beyond basics would leave fewer majors programs at the BS level in larger engineering schools and perhaps would lead smaller schools to offer only a basic single degree in engineering. The slots gained in the curricular by reducing the number of technical specialties would be available for additions in communications, engineering economy, public policy, design, and management. These additions would strengthen the foundation necessary for maturing professionals to transfer specialties in order to keep abreast of emerging technologies and economic changes. Undergraduate curricula enhancements and complementary requirements for structured life-long-learning packages (continuing education) are projected and discussed on the basis of feedback from successes and problem which midcareer and older graduates have encountered in the work place. It is thought such an approach will help graduates shift specialties in accordance with the requirements of employers. >
Predictors of Restrictiveness of Placement for African-American and Caucasian Students

This study explored differences in the special education programming of African-American and Caucasian students. The school records of 230 3rd- through 5th-grade students identified as having a learning disability from four school districts in Delaware were examined. Data on 102 variables related to special education referral, identification, and placement were coded from the records and analyzed. Analyses of variance were used to identify main effects for each variable and its interaction with race. Although a clear pattern was found in variables related to restrictiveness of placement, the pattern was found to be similar for African-American and Caucasian students. Implications for future research are provided.
Dietary protein restriction rapidly reduces transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in experimental glomerulonephritis.

Abstract Dietary protein restriction has been shown to slow the rate of loss of kidney function in humans with progressive glomerulosclerosis due to glomerulonephritis or diabetes mellitus. A central feature of glomerulosclerosis is the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix within the diseased glomeruli. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is known to have widespread regulatory effects on extracellular matrix and has been implicated as a major cause of increased extracellular matrix synthesis and buildup of pathological matrix within glomeruli in experimental glomerulonephritis. In the present study, it is shown that administration of a low protein diet to rats rapidly reduces the elevated expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and TGF-beta 1 protein that is known to occur within glomeruli after induction of glomerulonephritis. Compared to a normal protein diet, glomerulonephritic rats receiving the low protein diet did not develop an increase in glomerular extracellular matrix and showed significantly less proteinuria. Glomeruli isolated from glomerulonephritic rats fed the normal protein diet showed a marked increase in proteoglycan synthesis on day 7 of disease and were demonstrated to be secreting increased amounts of TGF-beta 1 into the medium, whereas glomeruli at the same point in time isolated from rats on a low protein diet showed no increase in proteoglycan production or TGF-beta 1 secretion. These results suggest that a mechanism of the rapid therapeutic effect of a low protein diet on experimental glomerulonephritis is through suppression of TGF-beta 1 expression and prevention of the induction of extracellular matrix synthesis within the injured glomeruli.
Cell biology: A molecular age barrier.

A mother's instinct is to protect her children at any cost. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this 'maternal instinct' comes at a high price — accelerated ageing and premature death. Budding yeast is an important model for ageing studies. The cells divide asymmetrically by the formation of a bud at the surface of the mother cell, which ages over generations and hence has a finite life span. The continuation of the species depends on the fact that the bud is born 'young' each time. Ageing factors, such as carbonylated proteins and DNA circles, are known to remain confined to the mother cell thereby resetting the age of the bud at zero, but the mechanisms of this confinement are poorly understood. Shcheprova et al. show that a diffusion barrier develops in the nuclear envelope of the dividing yeast nucleus. The barrier prevents pre-existing nuclear pores and other membrane-associated proteins from moving into the bud.
p(TP|q) peak maximization: Necessary but not sufficient for reaction coordinate accuracy

Free energy hysteresis errors and other problems can arise from coordinates that are only optimized to accurately parameterize the separatrix. In this sense, an accurate separatrix is necessary but not sufficient to ensure reaction coordinate accuracy. For diffusive dynamics we prove that maximizing the peak in the projected transition path probability p(TP|q) is equivalent to separatrix optimization. Thus methods based on this criterion [27] may find coordinates that accurately parameterize the separatrix, but not earlier and later stages along the reaction pathway.
The effect of surface geometry on fracture permeability: A case study using a sinusoidal fracture

Measurements of water flow through a sinusoidal fracture were undertaken to compare sinusoidal flow with parallel plate flow. Flow rates were measured through a fracture with an amplitude of 1.02 mm and a wavelength of 5.08 mm, with vertical separation ranging from 0.21 mm to 0.71 mm, and for Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.05 to 58. In addition, a series of lattice gas automata flow simulations of water flow through a sinusoidal fracture with the same dimensions were performed. Results from both the experiments and the numerical simulations reflect that, compared to a parallel plate channel, a sinusoidal channel has a significantly lower ability to transmit fluid. This is proposed to be due to the variation in the aperture measured normal to the flow path, the tortuosity of the flow path, and potential instabilities within the flow field.
Remarks on the SHR-Optimal State Assignment Procedure

The optimal state assignment procedure by Story, Harrison, and Reinhard [1] depends computationally on the number of distinct state assignment columsn C di , i = 1, 2, ..., C(R). C(R) can be computed exactly by see the [Eqa] in pdf file but a bound for C(R) is shown to be C(R) = 2R-1 - 1 for R - 1 =2n. Furthermore, for this value of R a distinct state assignment set can be tabulated instead of generated; i.e., C di = C i , i = 1, 2, ..., C(R).
An accelerated first-order method for solving SOS relaxations of unconstrained polynomial optimization problems

Our interest lies in solving sum of squares SOS relaxations of large-scale unconstrained polynomial optimization problems. Because interior-point methods for solving these problems are severely limited by the large-scale, we are motivated to explore efficient implementations of an accelerated first-order method to solve this class of problems. By exploiting special structural properties of this problem class, we greatly reduce the computational cost of the first-order method at each iteration. We report promising computational results as well as a curious observation about the behaviour of the first-order method for the SOS relaxations of the unconstrained polynomial optimization problem.
An experimental investigation of the incineration and incinerability of chlorinated alkane droplets

An experimental investigation has been conducted on the vaporization, combustion, and extinction of droplets of pure chlorinated alkanes and their mixtures with n-alkanes in “inert” and oxidizing environments. From results on the droplet vaporization/combustion rates, the state of extinction, and temporal changes in the droplet composition, it is shown that droplets of lightly chlorinated alkanes as represented by monochloroalkanes burn almost as vigorously as normal alkanes, that heavily chlorinated alkanes as represented by 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane (TECA) burn weakly if at all, that TECA can be rendered to burn vigorously with the addition of only 25 volume percent of an equal-volatility alkane, and that this enhancement can be further improved by decreasing the volatility of the additive. Implications on hazardous waste incineration are discussed.
Chemical reactions of ZnCu, ZnCu2O, and ZnCuO thin films

Abstract We report a combined temperature programmed desorption and Auger electron spectroscopy study of Zn and ZnO thin films on Cu, Cu2O, and CuO surfaces. Multilayer Zn films desorb at 500 K with a pre-exponential factor of 1012 s−1 and a desorption energy of 32 kcal mol , in excellent agreement with the heat of sublimation of bulk Zn metal. The bottommost layer of Zn atoms has a desorption energy that is 6 kcal mol larger, which is consistent with the heat of formation of dilute Cu Zn alloys. Films converted to ZnO by oxidation in air decompose with an apparent activation energy of 45 kcal mol , which is substantially smaller than the decomposition energy of bulk ZnO. Thin ZnO films can also be formed by evaporating multilayer coverages of Zn onto CuO or Cu2O and then heating. When CuO is used as the substrate, the Zn film is oxidized by O atoms produced by the reduction of CuO to Cu2O. When Cu2O is used as the substrate, ZnO is produced by the reduction of Cu2O to Cu, which migrates to the surface of the ZnO film.
Defining acceptable conditions in wilderness

The limits of acceptable change (LAC) planning framework recognizes that forest managers must decide what indicators of wilderness conditions best represent resource naturalness and high-quality visitor experiences and how much change from the pristine is acceptable for each indicator. Visitor opinions on the aspects of the wilderness that have great impact on their experience can provide valuable input to selection of indicators. Cohutta, Georgia; Caney Creek, Arkansas; Upland Island, Texas; and Rattlesnake, Montana, wilderness visitors have high shared agreement that littering and damage to trees in campsites, noise, and seeing wildlife are very important influences on wilderness experiences. Camping within sight or sound of other people influences experience quality more than do encounters on the trails. Visitors’ standards of acceptable conditions within wilderness vary considerably, suggesting a potential need to manage different zones within wilderness for different clientele groups and experiences. Standards across wildernesses, however, are remarkably similar.
Fuzzy logic application in load flow studies

Fuzzy logic is used to solve the load flow problem, so decreasing computing time. Consequently, the repetitive solution of the proposed fuzzy load flow (FLF) method requires only 2 m calculations per iteration, where m is the number of buses of the system. In the FLF method, the real and reactive power mismatches per voltage magnitude at each node of the system are chosen as the crisp input values, which are fuzzified into the fuzzifier. The process logic uses a rule base to explode the fuzzy output signals, which are defuzzified and the crisp values are chosen as the corrections of voltage angle and magnitudes at each node of the system. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated on various test systems.
THE RATIONALITY OF RETIREMENT EXPECTATIONS AND THE ROLE OF NEW INFORMATION

This paper tests the rationality of retirement expectations, controlling for sample selection and reporting biases. We find that retirement expectations in the Health and Retirement Study are consistent with the rational expectations hypothesis. We also analyze how new information affects the evolution of retirement expectations and discover that, on average, individuals correctly anticipate most uncertain events when planning their retirement, except for some health shocks, the need for additional private health coverage, and the probability of a job change. Our results support a wide variety of models in economics that assume rational behavior.
How hard is half-space range searching?

We investigate the complexity ofhalf-space range searching: givenn points ind-space, build a data structure that allows us to determine efficiently how many points lie in a query half-space. We establish a tradeoff between the storagem and the worst-case query timet in the Fredman/Yao arithmetic model of computation. We show thatt must be at least on the order of $$\frac{{(n/\log n)^{1 - (d - 1)/d(d + 1)} }}{{m^{1/d} }}$$ Although the bound is unlikely to be optimal, it falls reasonably close to the recent upper bound ofO(n/m1/d) established by Matousek. We also show that it is possible to devise a sequence ofn inserts and half-space range queries that require a total time ofn2-O(1/d). Our results imply the first nontrivial lower bounds for spherical range searching in any fixed dimension. For example, they show that, with linear storage, circular range queries in the plane require Ω(n1/3) time (modulo a logarithmic factor).
The effects of hemicholinium-3 in an insect neuromuscular preparation.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) on membrane potentials in single dorsal flight-muscle fibres of the adult fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata , were studied with intracellular microelectrodes. 2. 2. Both abdominally injected and topically applied HC-3, an agent known to inhibit acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis in mammalian nervous tissue, reduced the rate of rise and decreased the amplitude of the excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP). 3. 3. These effects of HC-3 were reversible with a saline rinse and rest.
On Robert Paul Wolff's Transcendental Interpretation of Marx's Labor Theory of Value

In a recent article Robert Paul Wolff has argued that Marx's theory of capitalist exploitation is incorrect, in that its ground is the premiss that labor is the source of all value.1 This, of course, is a well-rehearsed objection to Marx, but Wolff gives it a novel twist. He notes that the defense of this premise in the opening pages of Capital is inadequate, but he is not troubled by this ‘bad argument,’ for he sees Marx's real argument as something else: the (implicit) claim that unless labor is the source of all value, an adequate account of profit is impossible. In other words Marx is seen to be making a transcendental argument: an inquiry into the conditions for the possibility of profit. Wolff proceeds to argue that Marx goes astray here, but not so far astray that a valid transcendental argument, faithful to Marx's essential insight, cannot be charted.
12-Week, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Add-on Riluzole in the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Many children with childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) fail to respond adequately to standard therapies. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system might be an alternative treatment target. This study examined the efficacy of riluzole, a glutamatergic modulator, as an adjunctive therapy for children with treatment-resistant OCD. In a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 treatment-resistant children and adolescents (mean age=14.5 ± 2.4 years), with moderate to severe OCD (mean Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)=28.2 ± 3.7), 17 of whom also had concomitant autism spectrum disorder, were randomized to receive riluzole (final dose of 100 mg/day) or placebo in addition to the existing treatment regimen. Fifty-nine subjects completed the randomized trial. Primary outcome measures were changes on the CY-BOCS, the Clinical Global Impressions Scale, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale. Riluzole was fairly well tolerated, although it was associated with one case of pancreatitis and five instances of slight increases in transaminases. All subjects showed significant reductions in CY-BOCS scores during treatment; however, there was no significant difference between placebo and riluzole on any of the primary or secondary outcome measures. The study failed to demonstrate superiority of riluzole over placebo as an adjunctive treatment for children with childhood-onset OCD. However, future studies may show benefits for less treatment-refractory children with fewer concomitant medications.
The calm before the quake

With the exception of Alaska, the Cascadia subduction zone, extending 1,200 Km from northern California to Vancouver Island, is the largest tectonically active fault system in North America. Although is widely accepted that the North American continental plate is converging at a rate of 2.5-4.5cm yr^(-1), modern seismic activity has been minimal along the Cascadia Subduction zone. Are the Pacific oceanic plates sliding effortlessly below the continental margin? Or are the plates welded together, gradually accumulating elastic strain, to be released in another cataclysmic earthquake sometime in the coming centuries? There is geological evidence, much debated at a recent meeting, that there have been six massive earthquakes (energy magnitude M_w = 8.5-9.5: see box overleaf) in this region in the past 3,600 years, most recently sometime in 1680-90.
Preparation and studies of myeloma Fab subfractions.

Abstract The components of γ G -myeloma globulins involving resolving upon electrophoresis in low ionic strength buffers have been separated chromatographically and by electro-focusing. These components, designated as allomeres, cannot be distinguished anti-genically and they appear to posses the same peptide structures. The allomeres of a given myeloma globulin show variatioins in their contents of carbohydrate and the electrophoretic mobilities of the more anodic ones can be adminished by treatment with neuraminidase. The electrophoretic microheterogeneity generally seen in monoclonal myeloma proteins is thus a function of either a variable glycosylation of identical peptide chains or of a variable removal of carbohydrate components.
Recent measures of the latitude and longitude of Jupiter's Red Spot.

Abstract The latitude and longitude of Jupiter's Red Spot were measured from photographic plates obtained between June 1962 and May 1965 at the New Mexico State University Observatory. The longitudes measured from photographs have been found to be an order of magnitude more accurate than the longitudes obtained from visual estimates of central meridian transit times. The Red Spot was observed to increase irregularly in System II longitude from 10° in June 1962 to 24° in May 1965. The significantly improved accuracy of photographic observations made possible the detection of rapid, short-term changes in longitude. The Red Spot slowly oscillated in latitude, remaining within 1°.4 of its mean latitude of −22°.4 for the reported interval.
The Effect on Expiratory Flow Rates of Smoking Three Cigarettes in Rapid Succession

The effect of smoking three cigarettes in rapid succession on maximal and partial expiratory flow rates was studied in ten healthy smokers. The mean decrease in maximal midexpiratory flow and partial midexpiratory and end-expiratory flow was statistically significant. The response was maximal after the first cigarette. These results suggest that the instantaneous midexpiratory flow after 50 percent of the forced vital capacity has been exhaled is a useful indicator of irritation of the airways. Reduction of partial expiratory flow rates was three times greater than reduction of maximal expiratory flow rates. We suggest the use of partial expiratory flow curves as a screening test for irritants of the airways.
Early chromosome changes in diploid Chinese hamster cells after infection with Simian virus 40.

Primary and secondary Chinese hamster (ChH) embryo cells infected with SV40 exhibited chromosomal changes within one cell generation (24 h). The initial change seen is an increase in the number of polyploid metaphases (>10%). The majority of the polyploid cells are tetraploid (8×), however, higher ploidy values were also observed (16 ×, 32 × and 64 ×). In approximately 20–30% of the polyploid metaphases there were chromosome changes such as breaks, abnormal chromosomes and loss and addition of chromosomes. The remaining polyploids were normal in regard to chromosome number and chromosome morphology. A primary mouse embryo cell system also responded to SV40 infection with an increase in the number of polyploid cells within 48 h. Alterations Chromosomiques Precoces dans les Cellules Diploides de Hamster Chinois Apres Infection par le Virus Simien 40 Des cellules primaires et secondaires d'embryon de hamster chinois (ChH) infectees par le SV40 ont subi des alterations chromosomiques au cours d'une seule generation (24 h). L'alteration initiale consistait en une augmentation du nombre de metaphases polyploides (< 10%). La majorite des cellules polyploides sont tetraploides (8 ×), mais on a observe egalement de plus fortes valeurs de ploidie (16 ×, 32 × et 64 ×). Dans environ 20 a 30% des metaphases polyploides, il s'est produit des alterations chromosomiques telles que des ruptures, des anomalies, des pertes ou des additions de chromosomes. Le reste etait normal quant au nombre et a la morphologie des chromosomes. des cellules primaires d'embryon de souris ont aussi reagi a l'infection par le SV40, ce qui s'est traduit par un accroissement du nombre de cellules polyploides dans les 48 h.
Molecular targeting of platelet-derived growth factor B by imatinib mesylate in a patient with metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

PURPOSE: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is caused by activation of the platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) receptor, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase. We investigated the response of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A patient with unresectable, metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans received imatinib mesylate (400 mg bid). Response to therapy was assessed by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS: The patient was treated for 4 months with imatinib mesylate. The hypermetabolic uptake of FDG fell to background levels within 2 weeks of treatment, and the tumor volume shrank by over 75% during the 4 months of therapy, allowing for resection of the mass. There was no residual viable tumor in the resected specimen, indicating a complete histologic response to treatment with imatinib mesylate. CONCLUSION: Imatinib mesyla...
Fuzzy membership function optimization for system identification using an extended Kalman filter

The generation of membership functions for fuzzy systems is a challenging problem. In this paper, we use an extended Kalman filter to optimize the membership functions for system modeling, or system identification. We describe the algorithm and then show the result as sub-optimal novel method of system identification. The ideas described in this paper are illustrated for system identification of a nonlinear dynamic system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The other interesting observation made is that the proposed system acts as a noise-reducing filter. We demonstrate that the extended Kalman filter can be an effective tool for identifying the parameters of a fuzzy system model.
Cell division after removal of the division line in Stentor.

CAN a cell which has already entered on division go on to divide even when the presumptive or visible fission line or furrow is removed? This question can be answered conclusively for the large ciliate Stentor coeruleus, which is remarkably suitable for micro-surgical operations1. One might expect that the ciliate would then be uable to divide. Uhlig2 reported this finding after deleting the fission line from dividing S. coeruleus, and when Suzuki3 excised mid-cell disks bearing the visible fission line from dividing Blepharisma, these ciliates also failed to divide, although removal of the presumptive fission line did not prevent division, as I have confirmed in Stentor.
The direction of ejection of photo-electrons produced by x-rays

Stereoscopic photographs of photo-electrons produced by 40 kv Mo Kα x-rays, were examined by a stereoscopic comparator which gave a quantitative measure of the initial direction of ejection in space. The measurement of twenty-four distinct tracks in a series of twenty-nine pairs of photographs showed that the most probable angle of ejection was about 70° with the primary beam. This supports the view that the electric vector of the radiation plays a very important part in the production of photo-electrons. The small forward or backward component, noticed in many tracks, must come from the random momentum of the electron in its orbit before ejection.
Effect of Liquid Viscosity on the Liquid Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient of Packing

Abstract There are many correlations of liquid phase mass transfer coefficient ( kL ) for packings in the literature; most were developed without data that vary liquid viscosity ( μL ) significantly ( 2 capture by amine scrubbing, μL , of aqueous amine may be significantly greater than water, which makes it important to know how mass transfer is affected by μL . A research plan is proposed to measure the effective mass transfer area ( ae ) and kL in a pilot-scale packed column with μL from 1 to 100 cP. Glycerol was chosen as the viscosity enhancer for its complete solubility in water and the Newtonian behavior of its aqueous solution. Models were built to estimate the physical properties ( μL , ρ , DCO 2 , HCO 2 , γ ) of CO 2 /NaOH/H2O/glycerol based on literature data. Kinetic data ( kg’ ) for the system were obtained with a wetted wall column (WWC). The kinetic data, kg’ , was found to initially increase with glycerol concentration because of the catalytic effect of glycerol, then decrease rapidly because of the increase in μL . The overall reaction rate constant ( kAlk ) was determined from kg’ data, and was found to increase with glycerol concentration until it becomes asymptotic. This model for kg’ will be used for future measurement of ae and kL in a pilot-scale column.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant properties of some derivatives of N-methyl-2-phenylsuccinimide II

Several substituted N-methyl-2-phenylsuccinimides have been prepared and evaluated for protective activity against convulsions induced by electroshock and pentylenetetrazole.
An Overview of Implant Hardware

This paper overviews dental implants emphasizing design concepts, material composition, and prosthetic abutments. Within the space limitations, all systems can not be shown in total and we do not infer superiority or inferiority with the inclusion or exclusion of any design, concept, or abutment.
Internal classification in tumbling grinding mills

Abstract Two basic kinds of internal classification in tumbling grinding mills are identified. These have been termed velocity classification and exit classification. Velocity classification occurs when mass transport through the mill leads to effective axial velocities which vary with particle size. Exit classification arises when particles of different sizes are selectively retained at the mill exit. The effects of these kinds of classification on the size distribution of the mill contents and products are illustrated by mill simulations. Experimental evidence for such effects is presented for mills ranging in diameter from 0.20 to 1.83 m.