cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indirect Interlayer Bonding in Graphene-Topological Insulator van der Waals Heterostructure: Giant Spin-Orbit Splitting of the Graphene Dirac States.

van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of two-dimensional materials exhibit properties and functionalities that can be tuned by stacking order and interlayer coupling. Although direct covalent bonding is not expected at the heterojunction, the formation of an interface nevertheless breaks the symmetries of the layers, and the orthogonal requirement of the wave functions can lead to indirect interfacial coupling, creating new properties and functionalities beyond their constituent layers. Here, we fabricate graphene/topological insulator vdW heterostructure by transferring chemical vapor deposited graphene onto Bi2Se3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we observe a giant spin–orbit splitting of the graphene Dirac states up to 80 meV. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that this splitting of the graphene bands is a consequence of the breaking of inversion symmetry and the orthogonalization requirement on the overlapping wave functions at the i...
Evolutionary Covariance Combined with Molecular Dynamics Predicts a Framework for Allostery in the MutS DNA Mismatch Repair Protein

Mismatch repair (MMR) is an essential, evolutionarily conserved pathway that maintains genome stability by correcting base-pairing errors in DNA. Here we examine the sequence and structure of MutS MMR protein to decipher the amino acid framework underlying its two key activities—recognizing mismatches in DNA and using ATP to initiate repair. Statistical coupling analysis (SCA) identified a network (sector) of coevolved amino acids in the MutS protein family. The potential functional significance of this SCA sector was assessed by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for alanine mutants of the top 5% of 160 residues in the distribution, and control nonsector residues. The effects on three independent metrics were monitored: (i) MutS domain conformational dynamics, (ii) hydrogen bonding between MutS and DNA/ATP, and (iii) relative ATP binding free energy. Each measure revealed that sector residues contribute more substantively to MutS structure–function than nonsector residues. Notably, sector mut...
Virtual and Hybrid Meetings: Gaining Generational Insight From Industry Experts

ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is to identify best practices, opportunities and barriers for planning and managing virtual and hybrid meetings for baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y. Through application of the generational cohort theory, a modified Delphi method was employed to identify best practices, opportunities and barriers for virtual and hybrid meetings for these three generations. The Delphi method engaged an expert panel of meeting professionals who made planning recommendations for each generational cohort. Results indicate generational perceptions of meeting attendees are considered by meeting professionals, based on their meeting planning experience, as they plan and execute their meetings, thus supporting the generational cohort theory.
Exceptionally high organic nitrogen concentrations in a semi-arid South Texas estuary susceptible to brown tide blooms

Abstract Studies of estuarine eutrophication have tended to focus on systems with continually flowing rivers, while little is known about estuaries from semi-arid/arid regions. Here we report results from an assessment of water quality conditions in Baffin Bay, Texas, a shallow ( a averaged 28–30 μg/l in Baffin Bay from 2003 to 2013 and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations were also very high (116–120 μM), with concentrations of both variables exceeding those of most other Texas estuaries by 2–5 fold. More recent field sampling (2013–2015) showed that dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations in Baffin Bay (62 ± 14 μM) were >2 fold higher than in three other Texas estuaries. In contrast, inorganic nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate) and phosphate concentrations were relatively low. Statistically significant long-term annual increases in chlorophyll a and salinity were observed in Baffin Bay, while long-term seasonal increases were observed for water temperature and TKN. Overall, Baffin Bay is displaying multiple symptoms of eutrophication, namely very high organic carbon, organic nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations, as well as symptoms not quantified here such as fish kills and episodic hypoxia. Much of the increase in chlorophyll in Baffin Bay, at least since ∼1990, have coincided with blooms of the mixotrophic phytoplankton species, Aureoumbra lagunensis , which is thought to be favored under high proportions of organic to inorganic nitrogen. Thus the high and possibly increasing organic nitrogen concentrations, coupled with a long-term annual increase in salinity and a long-term seasonal increase in water temperature are likely to promote additional brown tide blooms in this system in the future.
Designing a Cellular Manufacturing System featuring remanufacturing, recycling, and disposal options: A mathematical modeling approach

Abstract While “sustainability” in the manufacturing sector is becoming a pivotal issue, one should consequently expect a growing research interest in design problems in “Sustainable Manufacturing Systems” (SMSs). When a product ceases to be of any further use to the customer in it is current condition, it is relinquished. Accordingly, there is a need for a product recovery options in a sustainable environment. Recycling and remanufacturing are the most two advanced product recovery options. An efficient recycling and remanufacturing network leads to an efficient design of Sustainable Manufacturing enterprise. This article presents a simultaneous investigation of Reconfigurable Cellular Manufacturing Systems and Hybrid Manufacturing-Remanufacturing Systems (HMRSs), and proposes an integrated approach in design optimization, analysis, and process planning aspects as an attempt to address to a large number of design issues for Sustainable Manufacturing Systems. The options of remanufacturing, recycling, and disposing are introduced. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which considers a classical cell formation problem in Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMSs), bridged with a production planning problem, in Hybrid Manufacturing-Remanufacturing Systems, while addressing to “reconfiguration” issues for the CMS for different production periods, has been developed. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed model.
Risk Factors for Youth E-Cigarette “Vape Trick” Behavior

Abstract Purpose Some adolescent users of e-cigarettes and other electronic vaping products (EVPs) report performing "vape tricks" (exhaling aerosol to make shapes). However, little is known about this behavior. We examined the frequency of performing and watching vape tricks and the characteristics of those most likely to perform vape tricks among a sample of adolescent EVP users. Methods We used social media ads to recruit a national convenience sample of U.S. adolescents (n = 1,729) to participate in an online survey in September 2016. Inclusion criteria required participants to be aged 15–17 years and to have used EVPs at least once in the past 30 days. Results The majority of EVP-using adolescents reported trying (77.8%) and watching vape tricks in person (83.7%) or online (74.0%). Risk factors for performing tricks included using advanced vaping devices, vaping every day, white race, moderate levels of seeing and sharing vaping information on social media, and believing that EVP use is more normative among peers. Likelihood of trying vape tricks decreased as beliefs about the harmfulness of EVPs increased. Conclusions Vape tricks pose a potential threat to adolescent health if they encourage nonusers to initiate or current EVP users to use more frequently or switch to advanced devices that produce more harmful chemical emissions. Further research should examine the possible health effects of performing vape tricks, and future public health campaigns should be informed by an understanding of the appeal of this activity for adolescents.
Killing Fields: Explaining Police Violence against Persons of Color

This concluding article situates the police violence against persons of color in an historical context, suggesting that the current wave of killings replicates historical trends. A social science explanation is proposed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of police violence. A major strength of the articles in this volume is their delineation of causes of police violence and their consequences. The underlying and recurring explanation for police violence is stereotypical racial attitudes and their behavioral consequences. Effects of police violence extend beyond immediate victims to include communities of color. Comparisons with European police suggest that while lethal actions by police in Europe are far fewer, patterns of brutality and its justification mirror the U.S. context. The problem of police violence against persons of color is multidimensional and complex. This article concludes that there is no easy overarching solution or "fix" to this violence. Rather, each facet must be carefully examined--as this volume has done--and approaches focused on causes and consequences of specific problems should be developed and pursued. Language: en
Universal interaction-driven gap in metallic carbon nanotubes

Clean experimental testing grounds for strongly interacting electrons confined to one dimension are hard to find. Thus, suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique model system. Previous work showed that electron transport in suspended metallic CNTs can be frozen by strong electron-electron interactions. However, a detailed understanding of this exotic insulating phase has remained elusive. Here, the authors characterize the energy gap associated with the insulating phase in nominally metallic CNTs, and compare the gap to precise measurements of CNT diameter and chirality.
Guidelines Versus Guidelines: What's Best for the Patient?

Expert clinicians counter some of the recommendations regarding hemoglobin A1c targets for type 2 diabetes that were proposed in a recent American College of Physicians guideline.
Spectral signatures of proton delocalization in H+(H2O)n=1−4 ions

Couplings involving large amplitude vibrations in H+(H2O)n (n = 1–4) are explored using several theoretical approaches. These include harmonic treatments, analysis of harmonically coupled anharmonic oscillator (HCAO) models of the OH stretching vibrations, vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) in internal coordinates, and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC). It is found that couplings between shared proton stretches and HOH bends can lead to normal modes that are significantly mixed in character. Couplings between the various OH stretching vibrations are much weaker, and the OH stretches are well-described by harmonically coupled anharmonic oscillator models. Anharmonic couplings and the role of these large amplitude vibrations are further explored using DMC and VPT2. Based on the results of these calculations, it is found that all of the H+(H2O)n ions considered in this study display several different types of large amplitude vibrational motions even in their ground states. In the case of H7O3+, degenerate VPT2 calculations indicate that there are large couplings between the shared proton stretch and various lower frequency vibrations that correspond to motions that break the ionic hydrogen bonds. This leads to vibrational eigenstates that have contributions from several zero-order states.
The Fallacy of the Arguments Against Local Realism in Quantum Phenomena

The arguments refuting local realistic theories, including those invoking Bell inequalities, are all based on a tacit, preconceived, already quantized (and as it turns out inadmissible) notion of what constitutes a “single event.” More appropriate models of single events with internal, classical (hidden) parameters reproduce all the quantum correlations after averaging.
The Role of Leadership in Safety Performance and Results

The Role of Leadership in Safety Performance and Results by Halina E. Caravello MS, University of Houston, 1985 BS, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management and Decisions Sciences Walden University May 2011 Abstract Employee injury rates in U.S. land-based operations in the energy industry are 2 to 3 times higher relative to other regions in the world. Although a rich literature exists on drivers of safety performance, no previous studies investigated factors influencing this elevated rate. Leadership has been identified as a key contributor to safety outcomes and this grounded theory study drew upon the full range leadership model, situationalEmployee injury rates in U.S. land-based operations in the energy industry are 2 to 3 times higher relative to other regions in the world. Although a rich literature exists on drivers of safety performance, no previous studies investigated factors influencing this elevated rate. Leadership has been identified as a key contributor to safety outcomes and this grounded theory study drew upon the full range leadership model, situational leadership, and leader-member exchange theories for the conceptual framework. Leadership aspects influencing safety performance were investigated through guided interviews of 27 study participants; data analyses included open and axial coding, and constant comparisons identified higher-level categories. Selective coding integrated categories into the theoretical framework that developed the idealized, transformational leader traits motivating safe behaviors of leading by example, expressing care and concern for employees‟ well-being, celebrating successes, and communicating the importance of safety (other elements included visibility and commitment). Employee and supervisor participants reported similar views on the idealized leader traits, but low levels of these qualities may be driving elevated injury rates. Identifying these key elements provides the foundation to creating strategies and action plans enabling energy sector companies to prevent employee injuries and fatalities in an industry where tens of thousands of employees are subjected to significant hazards and elevated risks. Creating safer workplaces for U.S. employees by enhancing leaders‟ skills, building knowledge, and improving behaviors will improve the employees‟ and their families‟ lives by reducing the pain and suffering resulting from injuries and fatalities. The Role of Leadership in Safety Performance and Results by Halina E. Caravello MS, University of Houston, 1985 BS, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management and Decision Sciences
Family Violence-Adult·

Over the past 20 years family violence* has been identified as one of the nation’s largest health problems. Child, spouse, and elder abuse have become the concern of police, judges, legislators, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers. Although legislators have responded to the public’s concern about some forms of domestic violence with mandated reporting laws and by imposing stiffer consequences for perpetrators, social service and mental health systems (i.e., hospitals, clinics, and private practices) have shouldered much of the burden of dealing with this problem. Consequently, it is important that clinicians become familiar with the psychiatric characteristics of those individuals involved, and with the interventions used to treat this problem.
Abstract 603: Immune response to the influenza vaccination and heart rate variability in breast cancer survivors

Background: Cancer treatment dysregulates immune function. These effects can persist long after the cessation of therapy and may diminish the immune system9s ability to effectively mount an adequate immune response. Latent herpesvirus reactivation may mark a poor immune response to the influenza vaccination. Cancer treatment can also cause adverse effects on cardiac autonomic function as assessed by heart-rate variability (HRV), which is associated with higher morbidity and decreased survival in patients with cancer. Objective: To determine immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination as measured by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody titers and HRV in breast cancer survivors treated with radiation relative to healthy aged-matched controls. Methods: Serum samples for 13 breast cancer survivors within the first year of post-treatment and 13 healthy age-matched controls (mean age 44.7 years) were assayed for CMV IgG antibody titers and heart-rate variability was assessed using MindWare technologies. Group differences between cancer survivors versus healthy individuals were estimated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and race. Results: One-way ANCOVA modeling showed that breast cancer survivors treated with radiation had significantly higher antibody titers to CMV relative to age-matched healthy controls (F = 9.15 ; p Citation Format: Annina Seiler, Angie S. LeRoy, Christopher P. Fagundes. Immune response to the influenza vaccination and heart rate variability in breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 603.
Aortic Stiffness is Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Dementia in Older Adults

Cardiovascular disease risk factors, including age, hypertension, and diabetes, contribute to aortic stiffness and subclinical cardiovascular and brain disease, increasing dementia risk. Aortic stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), reduces the buffering of pulsatile blood flow, exposing cerebral small arteries to microvascular damage. High cfPWV is related to white matter hyperintensities and brain amyloid deposition, and to cognitive decline, but it is unclear whether cfPWV independently predicts incident dementia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that cfPWV predicts incident dementia in older adults, independent of potential confounders. The Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study followed 532 non-demented older adults with annual cognitive exams from 1998-99 through 2013. CfPWV was measured on 356 (mean age = 78, 59% women) between 1996-2000. Over 15 years, 212 (59.6%) developed dementia (median time from cfPWV measurement = 4 years). In age and sex-adjusted Cox models, cfPWV was significantly associated with increased risk of dementia, but systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were not. CfPWV (transformed as - 1/cfPWV) remained significantly associated with dementia risk when further adjusted for education, race, APOEɛ4, diabetes, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and anti-hypertensive medication (hazard ratio = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.51). Results were similar when further adjusted for baseline global cognition, subclinical brain measures, and coronary artery calcification. Finally, higher cfPWV was related to lower physical activity intensity and higher systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and waist circumference measured 5 years prior. An important unanswered question is whether interventions to slow arterial stiffening can reduce the risk of dementia.
Epidemiology and Complications of Hypoparathyroidism

Until recently, very few studies have described the epidemiology of this rare disorder. Several large population-based studies have recently been published describing the prevalence and incidence of hypoparathyroidism in various countries. Some of these studies have described the epidemiology of both postsurgical and nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism. In addition, a number of studies have now been published describing the prevalence of complications of this disorder. This article summarizes the published medical literature regarding the prevalence and incidence of this disorder, and the risk of known complications of hypoparathyroidism.
Single-parameter scaling in the magnetoresistance of optimally doped La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4

Single-parameter scaling is a heralded consequence of criticality. In magnetotransport, however, the electron mobility typically couples to magnetic field and produces a form of single-parameter scaling in noncritical systems. Here, the authors examine recent magnetoresistance data on thin film La${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$Sr${}_{x}$CuO${}_{4}$ and find that, unlike the case of the quantum critical iron superconductors, single-parameter scaling ceases in conjunction with the breakdown of a classical disorder description for the magnetoresistance at the lowest temperatures. This call into question the relationship between material inhomogeneity and critical scaling in cuprates.
Intellectualism and the argument from cognitive science

Intellectualism is the claim that practical knowledge or ‘know-how’ is a kind of propositional knowledge. The debate over intellectualism has appealed to two different kinds of evidence, semantic a...
The Spherical Wave Functions

All acoustic radiation problems can be boiled down to solving the wave equation subject to certain initial and boundary conditions. For a constant frequency case, the problem reduces to solving the Helmholtz equation [40], \( {\nabla}^2\widehat{p}+{k}^2\widehat{p}=0 \), subject to certain boundary conditions on the source surface. This sounds simple but in reality the analytic solution to the Helmholtz equation exists only for certain types of source geometry that the Helmholtz equation is separable. In most engineering applications the source geometry is arbitrary, so the analytic solution to the Helmholtz equation cannot be found. In these circumstances numerical or approximate solutions are sought.
The Rule of Reason: An Empirical Update for the 21st Century

One of the most amorphous rules in antitrust is the rule of reason. One of the most important rules in antitrust is the rule of reason. One of the most misunderstood rules in antitrust is the rule of reason. Put together these three propositions and you have the making of real trouble.A decade ago, I showed that the rule of reason is far less amorphous than commonly believed. After reviewing all 495 rule of reason cases from 1977 to 1999, I showed that courts actually followed a burden-shifting approach.This article updates my 1999 study. It concludes that the burden-shifting trend has continued and, in fact, has increased. Courts dispose of 97% of cases at the first stage, on the grounds that there is no anticompetitive effect. They balance in only 2% of cases.Given the trend in the case law, the burden-shifting framework is an important observation. The rule of reason is even more crucial today than it was a decade ago. Because analysis is migrating away from per se analysis and towards the rule of reason, an exploration of what courts actually do in applying the framework may prove useful.This short symposium article begins in Part I with an explanation of my methodology. Part II then presents the results. After providing an overview of the conclusions, it explores the instances of balancing in detail. Part III concludes by synthesizing the approaches of many of the appellate courts.
Implementing intersectionality: women’s organizations’ representation of women of color and poor women during two rulemakings

Women’s organizations have long been criticized for failing to prioritize the concerns of the most marginalized subgroups of women, but many of these critiques often fail to provide a nuanced analy...
Fake President: Telemorphosis and the Performance of Grotesque Power

This chapter situates the rise and fall of the Trump presidency within the polymorphous technologies of truth and fakery associated with reality TV and social media: experimentation, verification, spectacularization, affect, and performativity. Drawing from but also complicating Baudrillard’s late diagnosis of the total telemorphosis of social life, I parse the contradictions of “post-truth” media culture, and show how the staging of governance as a reality show in which we are all compelled to play a part activates new mechanisms for contesting Trump’s presidential performance. Recalling Foucault’s notion of grotesque sovereignty as a manifestation of political power that operates in spite of its discrediting as “odious, despicable, or ridiculous”, I ask what bearing Trump’s declining ratings might have on the structural violence of racism, misogyny and market neoliberalism in the United States today.
Geometrically Optimized Phase Configurations and Sub-conductors in the Bundle for Power Transmission Efficiency

This paper develops a revolutionary design for transmission lines by shifting phase configurations and sub-conductors into unconventional arrangements that are geometrically optimized, leading to very high surge impedance loading (HSIL) and very low corridor width (CW) (ultra SIL/CW).
Lived Experiences and Life Satisfaction of ChildFree Women in Late Life

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the overall life satisfaction of older adult women who have not had children. We explore the following questions: (1) What is the ove...
Performance of Thulium Super Pulse Laser for Endoscopic Ablation of Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: Results of the First Cases in North America

Abstract Introduction: Tumor laser ablation (LTA) is a valuable option for treatment of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in patients who are not amenable to nephroureterectomy. Recent in vitro studi...
How to Overcome Stress during COVID19 Pandemic

Abstract The epidemic COVID-19 is a global public health emergency causing an adverse impact on people’s lives from different perspectives. The misconception about COVID19 has contributed to physical and psychological diseases among people that sometimes even leads to the higher risk of suicide. Stress endurance varies from person to person; some person can manage it and some cannot. Some therapies can address this problem with solution. The aim of this write up is to discuss stress response and how to manage stress response. In addition to this, it also discusses some causing factors behind suicidal acts; and the ways to overcome suicidal thoughts during pandemic.
Predictors and Moderators of Treatment Efficacy in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The heterogeneous symptom presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires clinicians to consider each child’s unique constellation of symptoms and tailor intervention accordingly. Treatment...
Assessing Uncertainty in Intelligence

This article addresses the challenge of managing uncertainty when producing estimative intelligence. Much of the theory and practice of estimative intelligence aims to eliminate or reduce uncertainty, but this is often impossible or infeasible. This article instead argues that the goal of estimative intelligence should be to assess uncertainty. By drawing on a body of nearly 400 declassified National Intelligence Estimates as well as prominent texts on analytic tradecraft, this article argues that current tradecraft methods attempt to eliminate uncertainty in ways that can impede the accuracy, clarity, and utility of estimative intelligence. By contrast, a focus on assessing uncertainty suggests solutions to these problems and provides a promising analytic framework for thinking about estimative intelligence in general.
Centering the Voices of Black Parasitologists During America’s Racial Awakening

During the fall of 2020, several panel discussions were held to highlight the perspectives of Black parasitologists. Here, I summarize the themes from three such discussions, held at the Molecular Parasitology Meeting, Black in Microbiology Week, and the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, respectively.
Using Idiographic Models to Distinguish Personality and Psychopathology

Objective While the overlap between personality and psychopathology is well documented, few studies examine how the two overlap at a lower, moment-to-moment level. We took an idiographic approach to examine personality and psychopathology processes at the individual level. Doing so offers a unique perspective by incorporating both dynamic time and structural analysis, two components that are traditionally examined separately when investigating the overlap between personality and psychopathology. Method Two experience sample studies measured personality states and personality problems up to four-times a day over a two-week period (Study 1 N = 349, observations = 11,124; Study 2 N = 161, observations = 8,261). Results For some, personality states and personality problems are deeply intertwined, mirroring existing between-person findings. But for others the two are separate, indicating it is possible to separate personality (states) from a person's problems. Between-person differences in levels of depression had no association with the idiographic structure, indicating that between-person constructs operate separately from within-person processes. Finally, situations that are more likely to bring out personality problems did not alter the association between personality states and personality problems. Conclusions This method provides a novel conceptualization of personality-psychopathology overlap, bringing the focus beyond mostly static, between-person models to more dynamic, individual-level models.
Ottoman Armenian Racialization in an American Space (1908–1914)

At the dawn of the twentieth century, droves of former Ottoman subjects including Armenians and Syrians began to set foot in the United States searching for better opportunities. Many faced American white supremacist xenophobia and fell victim to racial discrimination. Various Ottoman diasporic communities responded to this harassment by expressing an increasing investment in the question of American whiteness and vigorously yearning to move beyond its fringes. Their voices, however, remain considerably muted; their stories are largely excluded from most American immigration narratives and conventional area-studies histories. This study endeavors to help reverse this scholarly tradition by examining the mindset of Ottoman Armenian expatriates as articulated in the editorials of Asbarēz, an Armenian-language weekly published in Fresno, California starting in 1908. As this micro-study shows, the migrants used the European racialist knowledge imported from the Ottoman empire to lay claim to whiteness and achieve integration in the US but also to affect change at home.
Structure-preserving Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics for Data-driven Modeling.

Discovery of dynamical systems from data forms the foundation for data-driven modeling and recently, structure-preserving geometric perspectives have been shown to provide improved forecasting, stability, and physical realizability guarantees. We present here a unification of the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) formalism with neural ordinary differential equations. The resulting framework allows learning of both "black-box" dynamics and learning of structure preserving bracket formalisms for both reversible and irreversible dynamics. We present a suite of benchmarks demonstrating effectiveness and structure preservation, including for chaotic systems.
The Democratic Virtues, Our Common Life and the Common School: Trust in Democracy: Anabaptists, Italian Americans, and Solidarity

Consider two phrases in Professor Marie Failinger's charge to those of us discussing Jeffrey Stout's Democracy and Tradition,1 October 28, 2005, at Hamline University: (i) "How would we construct a real democratic sociality holding each other responsible for ethical life that would warrant trust in democracy?... and, (ii) How do the religious traditions help us reflect on this issue?" My reflection, probably sectarian, refers more to where we come from than to what we choose. The reference here is to three communities, none of which is primarily concerned with "real democratic sociality." But none of them is radically withdrawn; all three of them contribute to the civil community, if only in the way that my late friend and teacher John Howard Yoder meant when he said in our conversations that, for all their separation, the Mennonites of Northern Indiana were as concerned as anybody else with getting the potholes filled. The three communities I am thinking of are (a) the community of believers formed in the tradition of the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists; (b) the community of Italian-American immigrants who formed their children in a communal virtue they named rispetto-the virtue that trains a person to be a member in a family; and then radiates out-so that rispetto is practiced in ethnic community, in civil community, nation, and world; and (c) the community contemplated in modem Roman Catholic social teaching on solidarity, which is, among other things, the virtue that trains members of the community to seek the common good, the good that is common.
In Search of Community; Humanitarian Engineers and Circles of Friends

Circles of friends (trust) as a means for indigenous community development have been actively encouraged in Colinas de Suiza, Honduras. This effort at enhancing long-term community resilience is the latest in a 10 year relationship that includes a water project and two school construction activities within the village of ~10,000 economically poor. These techniques were utilized in part to provide an example of communities in partnership for universities involved in developing educational programs around practically-based engineering service learning projects. To enhance community involvement, children were included in the development process through creative educational activities involving music, graphical arts and dance. The initial two-month experience culminated in a fiesta or celebration of community. Project evaluation has yielded several positive indigenous results; namely the construction of a dining hall, supported by the local community where poorest children are fed, and the formation of a locally managed credit union where the local people can place their savings and apply for microloans for microenterprise development. This project is further testament to the belief that humanitarian efforts are most effective when performed consistently within the same locations and where the entire community is invited to organize, identify, discuss and solve their own problems.
Direct determination and quantification of sulphur forms in heavy petroleum and coals: 1. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) approach

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to the problem of speciating and quantifying organically bound forms of sulphur in non-volatile and solid hydrocarbons. XPS results from model compounds were used to interpret sulphur 2p signals from coals and heavy petroleum samples in terms of the amounts of alkyl sulphide and thiophen-like forms present. The determination of organic sulphur forms in Illinois No. 6 coal was accomplished by carefully monitoring the contributions due to iron sulphides and sulphates and application of the curve resolution method used with heavy petroleum samples. XPS data indicate that thiophenic sulphur forms the majority of the organic sulphur species in unoxidized Illinois No. 6 and Rasa coals.
Cytology of desmoplastic small round cell tumor.

BACKGROUND Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a high-grade malignant tumor that has a predilection for adolescent males and usually affects the abdominal cavity. The cytology literature regarding DSRCT, including aspirates and ascitic fluid, is limited. To the authors' knowledge, findings in ThinPrep® slides have not been described previously. METHODS Seven cytologic specimens from five patients with histologically confirmed DSRCT were reviewed. Five specimens were fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), (liver, flank soft tissue, abdomen, and two resected colons [pericolic]) and two specimens were ascitic fluid. Cytologic features were studied in ThinPrep slides and direct smears, which included hematoxylin and eosin, Papanicolaou, and Quik-Dip™ stains. RESULTS All specimens showed moderate to high cellularity. The tumor cells were arranged singly and in clusters. The cells demonstrated high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, granular chromatin reminiscent of small cell carcinoma, usually inconspicuous nucleoli, smooth to irregular nuclear membranes, and frequent nuclear molding. The cytoplasm was scant to moderate, pale blue, and occasionally vacuolated. Pseudorosettes were observed in six specimens. One ThinPrep slide and the direct smears contained cells with perinuclear, cytoplasmic densities. Stromal fragments were present in the direct smears but were uncommon in ThinPrep. Three specimens were diagnosed as being consistent with DSRCT. Two specimens were diagnosed as malignant small cell tumor. Molecular studies performed on histologic material in four cases confirmed the presence of the diagnostic translocation, t(11;22)(p13;q12). CONCLUSIONS DSRCT may be diagnosed accurately in cytology specimens. Characteristic cytologic features include granular chromatin, smooth to irregular nuclear membranes, nuclear molding, cytoplasmic vacuoles, pseudorosettes, and metachromatic stroma. Cytoplasmic densities may be observed in direct smears and ThinPrep slides. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2002;96:21–31. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10316
Environmetrics, the Journal of the International Environmetric Society

Environmetrics is the official journal of The International Environmetrics Society (TIES). It is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes papers on the development and application of quantitative methods in environmental sciences. Keywords: peer-reviewed journal; scientific journal; The International Environmetric Society (TIES); multidisciplinary journal; quantitative methods in environmental sciences
Bioenergetics of Exercising Humans

Human muscles, limbs and supporting ventilatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems are well adapted for walking, and there is reasonable transfer of efficiency of movement to bicycling. Our efficiency and economy of movement of bipedal walking (≈30%) are far superior to those of apes. This overall body efficiency during walking and bicycling represents the multiplicative interaction of a phosphorylative coupling efficiency of ≈60%, and a mechanical coupling efficiency of ≈50%. These coupling efficiencies compare well with those of other species adapted for locomotion. We are capable runners, but our speed and power are inferior to carnivorous and omnivorous terrestrial mammalian quadrupeds because of biomechanical and physiological constraints. But, because of our metabolic plasticity (i.e., the ability to switch among carbohydrate (CHO)- and lipid-derived energy sources) our endurance capacity is very good by comparison to most mammals, but inferior to highly adapted species such as wolves and migratory birds. Our ancestral ability for hunting and gathering depends on strategy and capabilities in the areas of thermoregulation, and metabolic plasticity. Clearly, our competitive advantage of survival in the biosphere depends in intelligence and behavior. Today, those abilities that served early hunter-gatherers make for interesting athletic competitions due to wide variations in human phenotypes. In contemporary society, the stresses of regular physical exercise serve to minimize morbidities and mortality associated with physical inactivity, overnutrition, and aging.
Preliminary Results From CCD Monitoring: Light Curves Of Subdwarf B Stars

Low amplitude variations in the light curves of subdwarf B (sdB) stars can provide powerful evidence concerning the nature and evolutionary history of binary systems (via eclipses, reflection effects, or ellipsoidal variations) and the interior structure of He core-burning stars (from multiple mode, non-radial pulsations). We present first results from two years of CCD monitoring of a large sample of sdB stars, which will be complete down to V = 14.0 when finished. From ∼35% of the sample, we have discovered two eclipsing sdB + white dwarf binaries, and two others exhibiting reflection effects from main sequence companions. We have also serendipitously discovered a new class of long period multimode sdB pulsators.
Approximations by Multivariate Perturbed Neural Networks

This chapter deals with the determination of the rate of convergence to the unit of each of three newly introduced here multivariate perturbed normalized neural network operators of one hidden layer.
Plant Oil-Based Polyurethanes

The chapter begins with a brief overview of polyurethanes followed by a discussion on the recent developments in plant oil-based polyurethane chemistry. A section on plant oil-based polyols discusses promising, but currently underutilized sources of plant oils, as well as recent advances in methods of synthesizing polyols. The chapter concludes with a discussion on applications of plant oil-based polyurethanes including foams, coatings, and shape memory polymers.
High-power copper vapor lasers and their application to precision drilling and cutting

Over the past several years we have begun an effort to utilize this technology in other industrial applications, such as metals processing, and have found a number of unique processes. In this paper we describe briefly the general characteristics of the copper vapour laser (CVL), our recent progress in developing the laser as an industrial tool, and our progress in using the laser in precision drilling and cutting. >
Overcoming the Obstacles to Clinical Evaluation of 211At-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals

The potential for using the α-particle–emitting radionuclide 211At in cancer therapy has been noted in the literature for many years ( 1 – 7 ). 211At is 1 of only a few α-emitting radionuclides considered to be reasonable candidates for in vivo therapeutic use ([8][1]). However, it has taken
Estimation of motion parameters using binocular camera configurations

This paper is concerned with the estimation of rotational and translational motion parameters of planar and nonplanar object surfaces viewed with a binocular camera configuration. Possible application of this method includes autonomous guidance of a moving platform (AGVs) via imaging, and segmentation of moving objects by the use of information concerning motion and structure. Assuming that the brightness of a moving patch is invariant to small motion, a pair of equation, involving the object depth and the spatio-temporal derivatives of left and right images, is developed. The depth map is estimated by matching and triangulating contours in the stereo images and interpolating over internal regions. Considering the entire image points, a system linear equations in the unknown motion parameters is obtained and solved using the singular value decomposition technique. The algorithm was tested for simulated images as well as real images. Accurate results were obtained in case of simulated images. In the case of real image, the errors obtained with different levels of image spatial sampling, were within reasonable limits.
The plasma pencil: a novel cold plasma source for low temperature applications

Summary form only given. One of the attractive characteristics of nonequilibrium plasmas is their enhanced plasma chemistry without the need for elevated gas temperatures. This is because the plasma chemistry is driven by the energetic electrons, while the heavy particles remain at low energy. To enhance the gas chemistry, the electron energy distribution function can be controlled in a way to shift it towards the high-energy tail. Because of these properties, non-equilibrium plasmas have recently been extensively used in various material processing applications where advanced chemical processes under low temperature conditions are desirable. One of the emerging uses of cold plasmas is in biomedical applications. In this paper we report on a novel pulsed cold plasma source, the "plasma pencil", and its unique characteristics. The plasma pencil is capable of generating a cold plasma plume several centimeters in length. It exhibits low power requirements and by using helium as a carrier gas the gas temperature remains low even after hours of operations. The plasma plume emitted by the plasma pencil can be touched by bare hands and can be directed manually by a user to come in contact with delicate objects and materials including skin and dental gum without causing any heating or painful sensation. The main characteristics of the plasma pencil will be discussed. These include a study of its current-voltage characteristics, its emission spectra for different gas mixtures, and using fast photography we elucidate the time and spatial evolution of the plasma plume
Improving Safety at Unsignalized Rural Intersections in Kansas

Construction of the bypass lanes at rural intersections has usually been considered as a low cost way to improve safety. Crash Modification Factor (CMF) is an acceptable measure for evaluating the safety effectiveness of a countermeasure, which is defined as the expected number of crashes with a countermeasure divided by the number of crashes expected without the countermeasure. This study evaluates the use of a case-control method to estimate CMF for safety effectiveness of the construction of bypass lanes at unsignalized rural intersections in the state of Kansas. In addition to looking at a number of crashes at each intersection, this study evaluates the changes in crash rate and crash severity at intersections with the bypass lane versus intersections without it. Crash data were obtained for more than 700 rural unsignalized intersections from the Kansas Crash Database which is maintained by the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) for the years 2009 to 2011. The paper concludes that the expected number of crashes is lower at intersections with bypass lanes in comparison to intersections without bypass lanes, while it has no significant effect on reducing crash severity.
Characterization of Inflammation in Syphilitic Villitis and in Villitis of Unknown Etiology

Chronic villitis is a histologic diagnosis that may be either associated with infection, or termed villitis of undetermined etiology (VUE). The lymphocytic infiltrate in VUE has been reported to consist of maternal lymphocytes, but the origin of the lymphocytic infiltrate in infectious villitis has not been identified. The purpose of our study was to compare the maternal vs. fetal origin of the infiltrating lymphocytes in VUE and syphilitic villitis, and to expand the immunophenotypic data provided by previous studies. Paraffin-embedded placentas from four males with VUE and two males with syphilitic villitis were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the X and Y chromosomes. Serial sections were stained with antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, HLA-DR, and CD20. Quantitation of the relative number of cells marking with each antibody was done for four villi in each slide. CD3 lymphocytes predominated in both VUE and syphilitic villitis, with slightly more CD8 cells compared to CD4 cells. CD68 and HLA-DR positive cells were as frequent as CD3 cells, and B-lymphocytes were rare. Maternal cells were the predominant intravillous population in both VUE and syphilitic villitis, and neutrophils in syphilitic villitis were also maternal. These data indicate that the immune response in both syphilitic villitis and VUE is similar, raising the possibility of a similar immunopathogenetic pathway.
Symmetries of Coset Spaces and {Kaluza-Klein} Supergravity

Abstract Known theorems about the isometry group of a general coset space G H are reviewed. The Killing vectors on G H are explicitly constructed. Rescalings of the coset vielbeins are discussed, and a simple criterion to find which rescalings preserve the isometry group is given. A general expression for the Riemann and Ricci tensors in terms of the rescaled vielbeins and the group structure constants is derived. These results have useful applications in Kaluza-Klein theories. As an example, the round and the squashed seven-spheres that have been used to compactify d = 11 supergravity are discussed, and it is shown that they can be identified with two appropriately rescaled coset spaces SO(5) SO(3) .