cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional Intelligence and Giftedness.

This article examines the relation between concepts of emotional giftedness and emotional intelligence, and attempts to relate a person's level of emotional intelligence to the actual ways they cope with challenging social situations. Emotional intelligence and social behavior were explored in a pilot study with adolescents. Emotional intelligence was measured with the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 1997), an ability‐based measure of emotional perception, facilitation, understanding, and management. General intelligence was measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Scale (Dunn & Dunn, 1981). Each of the 11 adolescents also answered questions about how he or she had handled a difficult social encounter. Those with higher emotional intelligence were better able to identify their own and others’ emotions in situations, use that information to guide their actions, and resist peer pressure than others.
Intramolecular Excitonic Dimers in Protease Substrates: Modification of the Backbone Moiety To Probe the H-Dimer Structure†

NorFES (DAIPN1SIPKGY, N1 = norleucine) is an undecapeptide that contains a recognition sequence and cleavage site for the serine protease elastase. When NorFES is doubly labeled with a variety of fluorophores on opposite sides of this amino acid sequence, the fluorescence is quenched due to formation of intramolecular ground-state dimers. Although the spectral characteristics of these dimers are predictable by exciton theory, influence of the peptide backbone on H-dimer formation is less well understood. Specifically, factors that modify the attractive forces between and orientation of dyes are not well-characterized. Thus, by varying the dye linker moieties, we have sought to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters for intramolecular H-type dye−dye association and the structures of these dimers. We now present data from a series of homodoubly labeled NorFES derivatives that differ by the addition of one or two 6-aminohexanoic acids to the peptide backbone. By comparing absorption and fluorescence propertie...
Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenases of parasitic helminths

Abstract Mitochondria from the parasitic helminth, Hymenolepis diminuta , catalyzed both NADPH:NAD + and NADH:NADP + transhydrogenase reactions which were demonstrable employing the appropriate acetylpyridine nucleotide derivative as the hydride ion acceptor. Thionicotinamide NAD + would not serve as the oxidant in the former reaction. Under the assay conditions employed, neither reaction was energy linked, and the NADPH:NAD + system was approximately five times more active than the NADH:NADP + system. The NADH:NADP + reaction was inhibited by phosphate and imidazole buffers, EDTA, and adenyl nucleotides, while the NADPH:NAD + reaction was inhibited only slightly by imidazole and unaffected by EDTA and adenyl nucleotides. Enzyme coupling techniques revealed that both transhydrogenase systems functioned when the appropriate physiological pyridine nucleotide was the hydride ion acceptor. An NADH:NAD + transhydrogenase system, which was unaffected by EDTA, or adenyl nucleotides, also was demonstrable in the mitochondria of H. diminuta . Saturation kinetics indicated that the NADH:NAD + reaction was the product of an independent enzyme system. Mitochondria derived from another parasitic helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides , catalyzed only a single transhydrogenase reaction, i.e., the NADH:NAD + activity. Transhydrogenase systems from both parasites were essentially membrane bound and localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Physiologically, the NADPH:NAD + transhydrogenase of H. diminuta may serve to couple the intramitochondrial metabolism of malate (via an NADP linked “malic” enzyme) to the anaerobic NADH-dependent ATP-generating fumarate reductase system. In A. lumbricoides , where the intramitochondrial metabolism of malate depends on an NAD-linked “malic” enzyme which is localized primarily in the intermembrane space, the NADH:NAD + transhydrogenase activity may serve physiologically in the translocation of hydride ions across the inner membrane to the anaerobic energy-generating fumarate reductase system.
Mineralogical constraints on the petrogenesis of trachytic inclusions, Carpenter Ridge Tuff, Central San Juan volcanic field, Colorado

Although bulk-rock normative analyses of the trachytic inclusions from the Carpenter Ridge Tuff yield abundant quartz and minor corundum, a portion of the phenocryst assemblage is indicative of an alkaline parentage. Sanidine and biotite contain up to 8 and 5 wt% BaO respectively. In addition, both amphibole and clinopyroxene compositions are compatible with having crystallized from a mildly silica-undersaturated magma. Amphibole is magnesiohastingsite with 3 wt% TiO2 and less than 0.3 mole fraction vacancies in the A site. Clinopyroxene compositions straddle the calcic augite-salite boundary. Chrondite-normalized REE patterns are similar for both inclusions and rhyolites. The inclusions are slightly poorer in REE and have a positive Eu anomaly versus the negative anomaly of the rhyolites. The similarity in REE patterns would seem to indicate that the two rock types are genetically related with the positive Eu anomalies resulting from feldspar accumulation. However, this possibility is denied by the antithetic alkaline and subalkaline phenocryst assemblages of the two rock types. We suggest that the best explanation for these discrepancies is that a mildly silica-undersaturated magma was the parent for the phenocrysts. This magma intruded the Carpenter Ridge chamber, and because the crystallization temperatures of both magma overlapped, the alkaline magma mixed with the ambient rhyolite to form a hybrid. This hybrid consisted of a portion of the phenocryst assemblage from the alkaline magma but the bulk-rock chemistry depended upon the proportions of the endmember liquids. The abundance of normative quartz, the minor normative corundum, and the similarity of REE patterns indicates that the inclusions are mixtures dominated by the rhyolitic component. Additional processes such as liquid-state diffusion, crystal accumulation, and alkali loss may have contributed to obscure the compositions of the initial liquids involved in the inferred mixing process.
Prevalence of physical and sexual assault in pregnant adolescents

Few studies have addressed the prevalence of violence among pregnant adolescents. We interviewed 342 pregnant teenagers 17 years of age or younger for a history of assault; 9% reported physical assault, 8% sexual assault, and 8% both physical and sexual assault. Of those physically abused, 40% had been hit during pregnancy. The most common perpetrator of physical assault was a member of their family of origin as compared to a mate (46% versus 33%), although a boyfriend or spouse was the attacker in 80% of cases in which abuse had increased during pregnancy. The face or neck was the most common site of contact. A total of 14% reported being hit in the abdomen, one-third of them while pregnant. We conclude that a significant proportion of pregnant teenagers have experienced violence and therefore should be screened routinely for a history of abuse.
A Test of two consumer response scales in advertising

In the past, advertising researchers have built up, in an exploratory fashion, multi-item profiles for measuring consumer response to advertising. Two of the most commonly used profiles, Wells’ rea...
Treatment of Persons Exposed to Rabies

Several clinical and epidemiologic criteria have been formulated by the Center for Disease Control in advising physicians on the treatment of persons exposed to possibly rabid animals. When deciding whether or not to institute rabies prophylaxis, the physician must consider (1) the type of exposure, (2) the animal species involved in the exposure and the regional epidemiology of rabies, (3) the circumstances surrounding the exposure, and (4) the treatment alternatives and complications. (JAMA232:272-276, 1975)
Stair Safety and Handrail Studies: Methods, Findings and Applications to Building Codes and Standards

Background information is provided on the problem of stair accidents and the solutions being recommended as a result of research into stair use and design. Stair accidents are the leading cause of injuries in buildings. Stair safety research dating from 1967, with special attention to human factors, has been conducted in Britain, Canada, Japan, Sweden and the United States. Some design recommendations resulting from this work were published in 1974; many more were published about five years later. Resulting changes in building codes and standards began appearing in 1980; more extensive changes are now being discussed and will appear between 1984 and 1990.
Optimizing communication in air-ground robot networks using decentralized control

We develop a distributed controller to position a team of aerial vehicles in a configuration that optimizes communication-link quality, to support a team of ground vehicles performing a collaborative task. We propose a gradient-based control approach where agents' positions locally minimize a physically motivated cost function. The contributions of this paper are threefold. We formulate of a cost function that incorporates a continuous, physical model of signal quality, SIR. We develop a non-smooth gradient-based controller that positions aerial vehicles to acheive optimized signal quality amongst all vehicles in the system. This controller is provably convergent while allowing for non-differentiability due to agents moving in or out of communication with one another. Lastly, we guarantee that given certain initial conditions or certain values of the control parameters, aerial vehicles will never disconnect the connectivity graph. We demonstrate our controller on hardware experiments using AscTec Hummingbird quadrotors and provide aggregate results over 10 trials. We also provide hardware-in-the-loop and MATALB simulation results, which demonstrate positioning of the aerial vehicles to minimize the cost function H and improve signal-quality amongst all communication links in the ground/air robot team.
Pleural effusions occurring with right heart failure

Purpose of reviewPleural effusions commonly occur in patients with left heart failure. However, there is increasing evidence that patients with pulmonary hypertension and isolated right heart failure frequently have pleural effusions.Recent findingsThree recent studies have evaluated the incidence o
Metabolomic profiling in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus

Aims/hypothesis Metabolomic profiling in populations with impaired glucose tolerance has revealed that branched chain and aromatic amino acids (BCAAs) are predictive of type 2 diabetes. Because gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares pathophysiological similarities with type 2 diabetes, the metabolite profile predictive of type 2 diabetes could potentially identify women who will develop GDM.
Composite Amplitude Modulated Phase Only Filter Based Detection and Tracking of the Back-Reflection of KDP Images

An algorithm for determining the position of the KDP back-reflection image was developed. It was compared to a centroid-based algorithm. While the algorithm based on centroiding exhibited a radial standard deviation of 9 pixels, the newly proposed algorithm based on classical matched filtering (CMF) and a Gaussian fit to correlation peak provided a radial standard deviation of less than 1 pixel. The speed of the peak detection was improved from an average of 5.5 seconds for Gaussian fit to 0.022 seconds by using a polynomial fit. The performance was enhanced even further by utilizing a composite amplitude modulated phase only filter; producing a radial standard deviation of 0.27 pixels. The proposed technique was evaluated on 900+ images with varying degrees of noise and image amplitude as well as real National Ignition Facility (NIF) images.
Injury-related factors and conditions down-regulate the thrombin receptor (PAR-1) in a human neuronal cell line

Previous studies have demonstrated that thrombin can induce potent effects on neural cell morphology, biochemistry, and viability. Nearly all of these effects are mediated by proteolytic activation of the thrombin receptor (PAR-1). Mechanisms of PAR-1 regulation in several nonneural cell types have been shown to be novel and cell type specific; however, little is known about PAR-1 regulation in neural cells. In the present study, PAR-1 cell surface expression and regulation were examined in a transformed retinoblast (Ad12 HER 10) cell line using radioiodinated anti-PAR-1 monoclonal antibodies ATAP2, which recognizes intact and cleaved receptors, and SPAN12, which is specific for the intact form of the receptor. Scatchard analysis revealed high-affinity, specific binding to a single affinity class of receptors: K(D) = 3.13 and 5.25 nM, Bmax = 190.1 and 67.8 fmol/mg of protein for 125I-ATAP2 and 125I-SPAN12, respectively. Specificity for PAR-1 was confirmed by demonstrating rapid and near complete decreases for both antibodies following treatment with thrombin or PAR-1 activating peptide (SFLLRN). Differential antibody binding was used to demonstrate rapid and near complete thrombin-induced PAR-1 cleavage and internalization, with protein synthesis-dependent replacement of intact receptors occurring over longer time intervals, but only minimal recycling of cleaved receptors. A variety of factors and conditions were screened for their effects on PAR-1 expression. Significant decreases in PAR-1 expression were induced by the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (87% at 3 h), the phospholipid inflammatory mediator lysophosphatidic acid (32% at 3 h), and the injury-related condition hypoglycemia (64 and 100% at 24 h in the absence and presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, respectively). The effect of hypoglycemia was shown by RNase protection to be at least partially pretranslational. Finally, thrombin's ability to enhance hypoglycemia-induced cell killing correlated temporally with PAR-1 cell surface expression.
The behavioral assessment of social competence in males

College male undergraduates, either high frequency (HFD) or low frequency daters (LFD), were compared on a variety of self-report, peer rating, and behavioral measures of social competence in heterosexual interactions. Self-report measures of social anxiety and peer ratings of social anxiety and skill showed highly significant differences between the two groups. On an audiotaped social performance task, HFD subjects responded with shorter latencies and more words per response than did LFD subjects. There were relatively few behavioral differences between the groups on two social performance tasks involving live interaction with a female confederate. Only rated social skill and number of silences in the conversations significantly discriminated between the groups. Further, intercorrelations within and across tasks suggested that many of the specific verbal activity measures were highly intercorrelated, and were also related to other indices of social competence, including self-report, observer rating, and peer rating indices. The discussion centered around an analysis of the behavioral components of social competence, and the need for more refined behavioral analysis of interactional sequences, apart from simple frequency measures.
ErratumErratum to “Partnering to prepare urban math and science teachers: Managing tensions”: [Teaching and Teacher Education 22(7) (2006) 848–863]

Matthew Miller’s full contact details did not appear in the above article, therefore they are now being given below: Matthew Miller: Western Washington University, Woodring College of Education MS 9090, 516 High Street Bellingham, WA 98225-9090, USA. E-mail address: matthew.miller@wwu.edu. The address for G. Williamson McDiarmid and Sally Luttrell-Montes: College of Education, University of Washington, Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195 3600, USA, appeared correctly in the article.
Public Technological Aid to Support Compliance to Environmental Standards

Abstract Public aid to encourage the adoption of superior emissions-control technologies is combined with monitoring to achieve a predetermined level of compliance to firm-specific abatement standards. Technological aid serves as an indirect enforcement tool in the sense that its provision reduces the direct enforcement effort necessary to reach the compliance goal. Furthermore, when direct enforcement effort and technological aid are combined to minimize the costs of reaching the compliance goal, more aid should be provided when direct enforcement effort is expensive. As a consequence, regulated firms adopt better control technologies, which, in turn, may serve to promote further innovative activity.
Computing in cirrus clouds: the challenge of intermittent connectivity

Mobile devices are increasingly being relied on for tasks that go beyond simple connectivity and demand more complex processing. The primary approach in wide use today uses cloud computing resources to off-load the "heavy lifting" to specially designated servers when they are well connected. In reality, a mobile device often encounters, albeit intermittently, many entities capable of lending computational resources. In this work-in-progress paper we first give an overview of this environment, which we call a Cirrus Cloud due to its intermittent connectivity feature, and explain how it provides a spectrum of computational contexts for remote computation in a mobile environment. An ultimately successful system will need to have the flexibility to handle intermittent connectivity and use a mix of options on that spectrum. We investigate two scenarios at the extremes of the spectrum: 1) a scenario where a mobile device experiences intermittent connectivity to a central cloud computing resource, and 2) a scenario where a mobile device off-loads computation to other mobile devices it might meet intermittently. We present preliminary designs, implementations, and evaluations of systems that enable a mobile application to use remote computational resources to speedup computing and conserve energy in these scenarios. The preliminary results show the effectiveness of our systems and demonstrate the potential of computing in Cirrus Clouds.
Telephone Counseling Produces Major Dietary Change in Women at Risk for Breast Cancer Recurrence

Abstract An innovative telephone counseling protocol is being used to motivate women in die intervention group of a large randomized clinical trial of diet and breast cancer recurrence to assist them in attaining the intervention dietary pattern. The objective of this study was to determine whether compliance with the counseling protocol during the first 12 months of participation was positively associated with dietary behavior change (adherence), particularly in those women with lower versus higher dietary adherence at baseline. Subjects were 427 women in the intervention group who had completed both baseline and 12-month dietary assessments (average of four 24-hour recalls in 3-week period). At study entry, all were between 18 and 70 years of age, resided in the Southwest, and had been treated for breast cancer within the last 4 years. Dairy dietary behavioral targets were: 5 servings of vegetables, 2 (8-oz) servings of vegetable juice, 3 servings of fruit, 30 grams of fiber, and 15–20% of energy from fat A dietary adherence score was calculated based on these dietary targets, with a 600 score equivalent to 100% adherence (baseline median 282). Compliance with the counseling protocol was based on the ratio of completed to optimum number of calls/month during the first 12 months (median protocol compliance 68% during first 12 months).Baseline Dietary AdherenceCounseling Protocol ComplianceNBaseline Adherence Score (mean)12-mo. Adherence Score (mean)Change Baseline to 12-mo.Low (
Update On Holography With Fiber Optics

Update on holography with fiber opticsTung H. JeongPhysics Department, Lake Forest CollegeLake Forest, Illinois 60045AbstractWithin the last few years, a relatively new development intended for temporal informationtransmission has suddenly become a standard part of holography. Fiber optics offers num-erous advantages over conventional components, as reported by various authors!
Circadian Variations in the Differential Blood Counts of Mice Under Constant (LL) and Alternating (LD) Light Periods

Laboratory mice, offspring of CB6 F1 s, were maintained at a constant temperature of 21.0 ± 1.0° C and in constant light (LL) of 40 lux or under 12 h of light (40 lux) alternating with 12 h of darkness (LD) for 8 consecutive days. During the following 36 h, tail blood was secured from each mouse at 6-h intervals. From those samples, a differential white blood cell count, based on 100 leukocytes, was made for each animal. The relative numbers of eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes did not fluctuate rhythmically under LL or LD. The per cent distributions of lymphocytes and neutrophils did vary with circadian frequency in both LL and LD (Figs. 1, 2) The peak counts of neutrophils were found in blood sampled near midnight; high counts of lymphocytes were made in smears prepared about 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.
Use of a microscope stage-mounted Nickel-63 microirradiator for real-time observation of the DNA double-strand break response

Eukaryotic cells begin to assemble discrete, nucleoplasmic repair foci within seconds after the onset of exposure to ionizing radiation. Real-time imaging of this assembly has the potential to further our understanding of the effects of medical and environmental radiation exposure. Here, we describe a microirradiation system for targeted delivery of ionizing radiation to individual cells without the need for specialized facilities. The system consists of a 25-micron diameter electroplated Nickel-63 electrode, enveloped in a glass capillary and mounted in a micromanipulator. Because of the low energy of the beta radiation and the minute total amount of isotope present on the tip, the device can be safely handled with minimum precautions. We demonstrate the use of this system for tracking assembly of individual repair foci in real time in live U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. Results indicate that there is a subset of foci that appear and disappear rapidly, before a plateau level is reached approximately 30 min post-exposure. This subset of foci would not have been evident without real-time observation. The development of a microirradiation system that is compatible with a standard biomedical laboratory expands the potential for real-time investigation of the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
Effects of CO2-mediated changes in paper birch and white pine chemistry on gypsy moth performance.

We examined the effects of CO2-mediated changes in the foliar chemistry of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and white pine (Pinus strobus) on performance of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Trees were grown under ambient or enriched CO2 conditions, and foliage was subjected to plant chemical assays and insect bioassays. Enriched CO2 atmospheres reduced foliar nitrogen levels and increased condensed tannin levels in birch but not in pine. Foliar carbohydrate concentrations were not markedly altered by CO2 environment. Gypsy moth performance was significantly affected by CO2 level, species, and the CO2 x species interaction. Under elevated CO2 conditions, growth was reduced for larvae fed birch, while development was prolonged for larvae fed pine. Although gypsy moths performed better overall on birch than pine, birch-fed larvae were influenced more by CO2-mediated changes in host quality.
Precision rodent whisker stimulator with integrated servo-locked control and displacement measurement

We developed a high speed voice coil based whisker stimulator that delivers precise deflections of a single whisker or group of whiskers in a repeatable manner. The device is miniature, quiet, and inexpensive to build. Multiple stimulators fit together for independent stimulation of four or more whiskers. The system can be used with animals under anesthesia as well as awake animals with head-restraint, and does not require trimming the whiskers. The system can deliver 1-2 mm deflections in 2 ms resulting in velocities up to 900 mm/s to attain a wide range of evoked responses. Since auditory artifacts can influence behavioral studies using whisker stimulation, we tested potential effects of auditory noise by recording somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) with varying auditory click levels, and with/without 80 dBa background white noise. We found that auditory clicks as low as 40 dBa significantly influence the SEP. With background white noise, auditory clicks as low as 50 dBa were still detected in components of the SEP. For behavioral studies where animals must learn to respond to whisker stimulation, these sounds must be minimized. Together, the stimulator and data system can be used for psychometric vigilance tasks, mapping of the barrel cortex and other electrophysiological paradigms.
EFFECT OF FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND TEMPERATURE ON POLLEN RECEIPT AND REMOVAL IN IPOMOEA TRICHOCARPA

In Gainesville, Florida, the coastal morning glory Ipomoea trichocarpa varies considerably in flower size, shape, and stigma-anther separation. I studied some of the causes and reproductive consequences of this variation by exploring its effect on pollen receipt and removal. Variation in flower size was caused by variation within genets and, more drastically, by temperature fluctuations. While several insect taxa visited I. trichocarpa flowers, I concentrated on one hawk moth species (Enyo lugubris) and the bumble bee Bombus pennsylvanicus. Hawk moths visited the flowers from the time of anthesis until sunrise, when bumble bees arrived. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that flower morphology affected pollen deposition during single hawk moth visits, single bumble bee visits, or unlimited hawk moth and bumble bee visits. The morphological variables with strongest effects differed in each case, and could be related to the foraging technique of each pollinator. Floral morphology affected pollen removal from flowers more than it influenced pollen receipt. The morphological variables that best explained variation in the amount of pollen removed from the anthers during a single bumble bee visit differed from those influencing pollen receipt. In the field, hawk moths could potentially fully pollinate I. trichocarpa before pollen from later rising bumble bees could send tubes to ovules. However, tube growth rate increased with rising morning temperatures. Thus, ovules could potentially have been fertilized by a mixture of pollen deposited by hawk moths and by bumble bees. Furthermore, low morning temperatures excluded hawk moths entirely from I. trichocarpa pollination, by delaying anthesis. On cool mornings, flowers opened in time to receive bumble bee visits only. The effect of temperature on flower size and pollinator type, coupled with the physical interaction between flower and pollinator morphologies, determined the amount of pollen removed from and received by I. trichocarpa.
Negotiating Business, Negotiating Self: Crossing Cultural Borders in Bilingual Entrepreneurial Contexts.

Characterized by both cultural and gender-based barriers to English language learning, language learning is a continual process of identity renegotiation, as several theorists have argued. While this identity renegotiation has been explored for women who assume the roles of wives, daughters, and employees, less attention has been directed to the dynamic language use processes that occur for women who intermix the role of entrepreneur into their already complex lives. This article examines how one immigrant woman business owner used social and task-oriented talk in the L1 and the L2 to move beyond boundaries of race, culture, and language when interacting with her African American clientele and her Chinese workers. The analysis also draws upon interview responses from more than 20 bilingual women entrepreneurs to highlight their challenges, triumphs, and shifting identities as they navigate their roles as English language learners, entrepreneurs, and women.
Evaluation of process tools in systems analysis

Abstract Process tools are used during Systems Analysis to describe the process logic of bubbles in Data Flow Diagrams. We conducted two experiments to determine the relative merits of three process tools: Structured English from textual tool category; Decision Tables from tabular tool category; and Nassi-Schneiderman Charts from graphical tool category. We measured three performance types: tool-based comprehension to find understandability of the information in the tool itself; context-based comprehension to find understandability of information in the tool in combination with the information in the rest of structured specification; and the time of comprehension. Unlike most previous research that show graphical tools are the best, our results are different. We show that textual tools (Structured English) are better than both graphical tools (N-S Chart) and tabular tools (Decision Tables), when the problem size is smaller and the users are technically (computer) oriented. The tabular tools (Decision Tables) are better than graphical tools and textual tools, when the problem is moderately large and the users are non-technically (management) oriented.
Clustering and hadronization of quarks: A treatment of the low- p T problem

The low-${p}_{T}$ problem of hadron fragmentation is treated in the framework of the quark model. The basic mechanism of hadronization of quarks is recombination, which is formulated here on a firm basis. Clustering of quarks in a hadron is discussed in detail. The quark and antiquark joint distribution is derived systematically with incorporation of quantum-chromodynamics ideas wherever possible. Parameters describing the distribution are determined by fitting low-${Q}^{2}$ electroproduction data. No free parameters are therefore involved in the calculation of the pion inclusive distribution in the fragmentation region. The result agrees well with data in both shape and normalization. The formalism can be applied to calculate inclusive distributions of all nucleon- and pion-initiated reactions, while for kaon-initiated reactions it can be used to extract from low-${p}_{T}$ data the quark distributions in kaons.
Effects of Criterion Functions on Intermittency in Heated Transitional Boundary Layers With and Without Streamwise Acceleration

Attempting to understand the mechanisms of momentum and thermal transports in transitional boundary layers has resulted in the use of conditional sampling to separate the flow into turbulent and nonturbulent portions. The choice of a proper criterion function to discriminate between the two flow conditions is critical. A detailed experimental investigation was performed to determine the effects of different criterion functions on the determination of intermittency for application in heated transitional boundary layers with and without streamwise acceleration. Nine separate criterion functions were investigated for the baseline case without pressure gradient and three cases with streamwise pressure gradient. Inherent differences were found to exist between each criterion function's turbulence recognition capabilities. The results indicate that using a criterion function based on Reynolds shear stress, (∂uυ/∂τ) 2 , for turbulent/nonturbulent discrimination in a heated transitional boundary layer is superior to a single velocity or temperature scheme. Peak values in intermittency for the early to midtransitional region were found to occur away from the wall at approximately y/δ=0.3 for all cases. To match the universal intermittency distribution of Dhawan and Narasimha, the minimum values of intermittency at y/δ0.1 should be used as the representative «near-wall» values
Post-transcriptional Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A Reductase by Mevalonate

We have examined the mechanisms of sterol-independent regulation of the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase by mevalonate in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Serum lipoproteins, 25-hydroxycholesterol, or mevalonate each repress HMG-CoA reductase activity by fivefold or more, and mevalonate lowers the rate of reductase synthesis by twofold. However, while the expression of the HMG-CoA reductase promoter construct, T42 delta CAT, in stable transfectants is also repressed by serum lipoproteins and 25-hydroxycholesterol, mevalonate is without effect. In addition, while 25-hydroxycholesterol reduces the steady-state level of endogenous HMG-CoA reductase mRNA by more than threefold, mevalonate again has no effect. Mevalonate does partially regulate the expression of both the artificial promoter construct pTK-Kx3-CAT, containing three copies of the sterol regulatory element, SRE-1, and the full-length LDL receptor promoter construct, pLDLRCAT-6500 as well as the expression of functional LDL receptors. This transcriptional regulation appears to be mediated by sterol end products generated from added mevalonate. In CHO cells starved for mevalonate due to a mutation in the biosynthetic pathway, addition of 20 mM mevalonate accelerates the rate of degradation of HMG-CoA reductase by threefold whether new sterol biosynthesis is blocked or not. In such cells, addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol, by itself, also decreases the half-life of reductase from 11.6 to 2.3 h. In contrast, in cells acutely treated with a reductase inhibitor, sterol-accelerated degradation of reductase is only observed in the presence of submillimolar level of mevalonate. We conclude that large concentrations of exogenous mevalonate fail to generate a transcriptional regulator of HMG-CoA reductase in CHO cells but do lead to the formation of translational regulator(s) of reductase synthesis. In contrast, sterol regulators derived from exogenous mevalonate appear to be capable of downregulating the LDL receptor promoter. We further conclude that in the absence of pretreatment with a reductase inhibitor, the regulatory signals generated by sterols and nonsterols for accelerated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase are mutually independent. However, the enzyme synthesized in the presence of reductase inhibitors appears to exhibit an obligatory corequirement for low-dose mevalonate for sterol-accelerated degradation.
Lanthanide shift reagents as an aid in the NMR analysis of the normal alcohols C6 to C11

A method is described that substantially aids in the interpretation of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of a series of six fatty alcohols (C6 to C11). The lanthanide shift reagent tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptanedionate)praseodymium-(III)[Pr(DPM)3] is employed, and produces large shifts in the resonances of the various methylene groups in the chain depending on their position with respect to the hydroxy group. This paramagnetic shift for the first seven methylenes of these six alcohols is found to to be directly proportional to the amount of Pr(DPM)3 added. Measurement of the coupling constants for the methylene groups in the chain are reported. The power of lanthanide shift reagents for both analytical and conformational information derived from their NMR spectra is demonstrated.
Hybrid of Frequency and Time Resolved CARS

We introduce a novel technique that elegantly combines frequency-and time-resolved CARS spectroscopy. The proposed scheme is tested in back-scattered CARS experiments on a powder of sodium dipicolinate, holding promise for remote/stand-of detection applications.
Reprogramming the tRNA-splicing activity of a bacterial RNA repair enzyme

Programmed RNA breakage is an emerging theme underlying cellular responses to stress, virus infection and defense against foreign species. In many cases, site-specific cleavage of the target RNA generates 2′,3′ cyclic phosphate and 5′-OH ends. For the damage to be repaired, both broken ends must be healed before they can be sealed by a ligase. Healing entails hydrolysis of the 2′,3′ cyclic phosphate to form a 3′-OH and phosphorylation of the 5′-OH to form a 5′-PO4. Here, we demonstrate that a polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase enzyme from Clostridium thermocellum (CthPnkp) can catalyze both of the end-healing steps of tRNA splicing in vitro. The route of tRNA repair by CthPnkp can be reprogrammed by a mutation in the 3′ end-healing domain (H189D) that yields a 2′-PO4 product instead of a 2′-OH. Whereas tRNA ends healed by wild-type CthPnkp are readily sealed by T4 RNA ligase 1, the H189D enzyme generates ends that are spliced by yeast tRNA ligase. Our findings suggest that RNA repair enzymes can evolve their specificities to suit a particular pathway.
Effectiveness of lamotrigine in maintaining symptom control in pediatric bipolar disorder.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness and safety of lamotrigine in maintenance of manic and depressive symptom control in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Methods...
The role of the proteasome in autoimmunity.

Type 1 diabetes is believed to be caused by T cell-mediated autoimmunity, with a prediabetic state characterized by the production of autoantibodies specific for proteins expressed by pancreatic beta cells. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a spontaneous model of Type 1 diabetes with a strong genetic component that maps to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region of the genome. A specific proteasome defect has now been identified in NOD mouse lymphocytes that results from down-regulation of expression of the proteasome subunit LMP2, which is encoded by a gene in the MHC genomic region. This defect both prevents the proteolytic processing required for the production and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which plays an important role in immune and inflammatory responses, in addition to increasing the susceptibility of the affected cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The proteasome dysfunction is both tissue- and developmental stage-specific and likely contributes to disease pathogenesis and tissue targeting.
Photochemistry of trimethyltin iodide in polar media: orbital parentage and observed reactivity.

(CH3)3SnI exists as individual tetrahedral molecules in hexane but reacts with the silanol moieties present on the surface of porous glass and with the hydroxyl group of ethanol and hexanol to form...
Assessment of analytical tools used to estimate the stiffness of asphalt concrete

This paper presents the results of an assessment performed on the empirical model used in level 3 input of the proposed mechanistic–empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) developed under the Natio...
Land use, physical deterioration, resident-based control, and calls for service on urban streetblocks

Using data collected from an inner-city Philadelphia neighborhood, we explore street block-level relationships between land use, physical deterioration, resident-based control, and calls for police service. We hypothesize that land use is a key factor influencing both resident-based control and physical deterioration and that these, in turn, are related to calls for service. Analyses show that the presence of storefronts is the strongest determinant of calls for service for crime and noncrime problems. Physical deterioration and resident-based control are less influential. In accord with our hypotheses, land use influences resident-based control and deterioration. It appears that land use and physical deterioration influence different aspects of resident-based informal control. Also, not all dimensions of resident-based control relate to police activity. Results underscore the importance of clarifying which specific dimensions of land use, deterioration, and resident-based control influence crime-related ...
Nonconvexity of the permanental numerical range

Abstract We show that the Toeplitz-Hausdorff theorem that the classical numerical range of every complex matrix A is convex fails to extend to the permanental numerical range. The results follow from reduction of the problem to the investigation of the roots of some quadratic and cubic polynomials.
Images: Real and Virtual, Projected and Perceived, from Kepler to Dechales

In developing a new theory of vision in Ad Vitellionem paralipomena (1604) Kepler introduced a new optical concept, pictura , which is an image projected on to a screen by a camera obscura. He distinguished this pictura from an imago , the traditional image of medieval optics that existed only in the imagination. By the 1670s a new theory of optical imagery had been developed, and Kepler's pictura and imago became real and virtual images, two aspects of a unified concept of image. The new concept of image developed out of a synthesis of Kepler's determination of the geometrical location of a pictura as the limit, or focus, of refracted pencils of rays and the triangulation used by a single eye to determine the perceived location of an imago . The distinction between real and imaginary images was largely developed by Gilles Personne de Roberval and the Jesuits Francesco Eschinardi and Claude Francois Milliet Dechales.
Storage and mobilization of natural and septic nitrate in thick unsaturated zones, California

Summary Mobilization of natural and septic nitrate from the unsaturated zone as a result of managed aquifer recharge has degraded water quality from public-supply wells near Yucca Valley in the western Mojave Desert, California. The effect of nitrate storage and potential for denitrification in the unsaturated zone to mitigate increasing nitrate concentrations were investigated. Storage of water extractable nitrate in unsaturated alluvium up to 160 meters (m) thick, ranged from 420 to 6600 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) as nitrogen (N) beneath undeveloped sites, from 6100 to 9200 kg/ha as N beneath unsewered sites. Nitrate reducing and denitrifying bacteria were less abundant under undeveloped sites and more abundant under unsewered sites; however, δ 15 N–NO 3 , and δ 18 O–NO 3 data show only about 5–10% denitrification of septic nitrate in most samples—although as much as 40% denitrification occurred in some parts the unsaturated zone and near the top of the water table. Storage of nitrate in thick unsaturated zones and dilution with low-nitrate groundwater are the primary attenuation mechanisms for nitrate from septic discharges in the study area. Numerical simulations of unsaturated flow, using the computer program TOUGH2, showed septic effluent movement through the unsaturated zone increased as the number and density of the septic tanks increased, and decreased with increased layering, and increased slope of layers, within the unsaturated zone. Managing housing density can delay arrival of septic discharges at the water table, especially in layered unsaturated alluvium, allowing time for development of strategies to address future water-quality issues.
The magnetic hyperfine interaction in muonic 209Bi

Abstract The hyperfine structure for muonic 209 Bi is calculated for several models of distribution of nuclear magnetism and compared to experiment.
Spectral and Temporal Parameters of Contralateral Signals Altering Temporary Threshold Shift

The test ear of each of nine normal-hearing subjects was exposed for three minutes to a 1000-Hz tone at 110 dB SPL. Either a 4000-Hz tone at 105 dB SPL or a broad-band noise at 100 dB SPL was prese...
The Xenopus Xmus101 protein is required for the recruitment of Cdc45 to origins of DNA replication

The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication involves origin recruitment and activation of the MCM2-7 complex, the putative replicative helicase. Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM)2-7 recruitment to origins in G1 requires origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdt1, and Cdc6, and activation at G1/S requires MCM10 and the protein kinases Cdc7 and S-Cdk, which together recruit Cdc45, a putative MCM2-7 cofactor required for origin unwinding. Here, we show that the Xenopus BRCA1 COOH terminus repeat–containing Xmus101 protein is required for loading of Cdc45 onto the origin. Xmus101 chromatin association is dependent on ORC, and independent of S-Cdk and MCM2-7. These results define a new factor that is required for Cdc45 loading. Additionally, these findings indicate that the initiation complex assembly pathway bifurcates early, after ORC association with the origin, and that two parallel pathways, one controlled by MCM2-7, and the other by Xmus101, cooperate to load Cdc45 onto the origin.
Market Makers and Liquidity

Current trading is characterized by various market structures. This chapter examines market structures predominant in equities and fixed-income markets and compares and contrasts them. It also reviews the academic literature about the implications of market structure design. Market structure influences the availability and price of securities and can influence market participants’ choice of trading in many aspects — the venue on which participants trade, how they parcel the order to achieve their objectives, and the composition of what fees they pay. Additionally, the chapter shows how regulation and technology, as well as trader preferences, have influenced the development of securities markets.
The Role of Behavioral and Psychosocial Science in Reducing Cancer Morbidity and Mortality

Behavioral and psychosocial science has the potential to contribute much to the overall effort to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality and to improve the quality of life for cancer patients and their families. However, for a variety of reasons, including a lack of sustained funding for research and training and a lack of confidence by some in the potential payoff for investments in the area, this potential has not only not been realized but also not been adequately explored. A special subcommittee of “The March” Research Task Force studied research in this area and issued a report making several recommendations for future funding for psychosocial and behavioral research in cancer. This article reports those recommendations and the reasons the committee supported them. The Oncologist 2000;5:263-266 N ews B ulletin
Design Considerations for Efficient and Effective Microarray Studies

Cet article decrit les problemes theoriques et pratiques dans les plans experimentaux pour l'expression des genes dans les biopuces. Precisement, cet article premierement discute les principes de base des plans d'etude (randomisation, replication, blocking) dans leurs applications aux biopuces, et deuxiemement donne quelques lignes de conduite generales pour les statisticiens qui planifient des etudes de biopuces.