cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TIME MATTERS: THE ROLE OF AGE AND MOTIVATIONAL CHANGES IN DECISIONS ABOUT TIME USE

How we spend our time has important implications for well-being. Socioemotional selectivity theory postulates that the prioritization of exploratory vs. emotion-regulatory goals shifts across the life span as the finitude of life becomes more salient (Carstensen, 2006). Thus, developmental changes in motivational focus may influence younger and older adults’ decisions to engage in various activities, as well as the importance placed on those activities. This symposium examines motivational factors that underlie decisions people make about time-use across young, middle, and late adulthood. Chu and colleagues integrate socioemotional selectivity theory and Erikson’s theory of psychological development in their investigation of the influence of age and time horizons on bucket-list goal motives. Zhang and colleagues discuss age differences in the willingness to donate time to relatives and non-relatives of various social distances and highlight the role of social contextual factors in shaping prosocial behaviors at different points in the life span. Shavit and Carstensen discuss how emotional meaning and strength of affective response shape selectivity for particular activities across adulthood. Finally, Giasson and colleagues discuss motive profiles of everyday activities among middle-aged and older adults and associations between motive profiles and activity-related well-being. Dr. Laura Carstensen will conclude the session with an integration of common themes, practical implications, and future directions that emerge from the four studies.
The effect of a teamwork intervention on staff perception of teamwork and patient care on a medical surgical unit

As a result of the ever-changing health care environment and patient complexity, it is difficult for nursing teams to provide safe quality care and complete all tasks, also known as missed nursing care. Missed nursing care is a global health care issue and defined as any aspect of care missed in part, in whole, or delayed. Teamwork has been found to not only positively impact the performance of a team, but also patient outcomes. Teamwork strategies are needed to help nursing teams provide the best care to their patients. Inpatient nursing teams work in complex environments and handle many patient issues making it difficult to find one workable solution. The purpose of this study was to determine if a teamwork intervention would impact the nursing team's perception of teamwork and missed nursing care on a medical surgical unit. In this quasi-experimental design study there was an increase in both teamwork and missed nursing care pretest and posttest survey scores. Despite the increase not being statistically significant, based on the staff feedback, the intervention shows promise to be a viable teamwork strategy. Future studies should include larger sample size and longer duration.
The Application of Text Analytics in Electric Power Dispatching

Text analytics has been widely used in many different domains to discover valuable knowledge hidden inside a specific text. In terms of power dispatching, a manual always contains a large amount of unstructured data, which makes it a tough job for dispatchers to remember and understand that information. This paper addresses the above problems by adopting text analytics. Based on the idea of Natural Language Processing, a series of key technologies are adopted to do the text analyzing job such as data structure transformation, efficient word segmentation tools for Chinese and Word2Vec calculation, which are helpful for dispatchers to deal with the dispatching manual.
Decision Support System Using Trust Planning Among Food-Energy-Water Actors

In today’s world, it is challenging to find an application in any field that does not necessitate or cannot benefit from a sophisticated decision-making mechanism. This arises from the trend for more complex approaches to problems and their functionalities. The process of decision making becomes more demanding and complicated as the number of parameters is on the rise. One example of such a field that the decisions have a major influence on a large number of people is Food-Energy-Water where many parameters and stakeholders are included in decision makings. In this paper, we presented a Decision Support System using a Trust Management Framework which calculates and anticipates trust among participants using their direct pairwise interactions and help them reach consensus. Results showed that our system can detect unfair ratings by participants and knowledge by an actor that would be widely accepted by other stakeholders.
Hypertensive Urgency: An Undesirable Complication of a "Male Performance" Herbal Product.

Abstract Background Hypertensive urgency is a clinical scenario that may be associated with herbal supplement use and that requires special consideration with regard to emergency department management. Case Report A 49-year-old man presented to the emergency department with palpitations and severely elevated blood pressure without evidence of end organ dysfunction. Hypertension failed to be controlled with multiple doses of oral clonidine and intravenous labetalol. The patient later admitted to using an herbal supplement containing yohimbine, a selective ⍺2-adrenoreceptor antagonist specifically linked to cases of refractory hypertension. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This? Between 17–35% of the U.S. adult population may use herbal supplements on a sporadic or regular basis; pharmacologically active agents in herbal supplements may affect both a patient’s presentation and response to treatment. Most patients do not mention over-the-counter and herbal products in their medication profile unless specifically asked, and therefore it is important for emergency physicians to be aware of the pharmacologic effects of herbal supplements in the evaluation and treatment of refractory severe hypertension.
Adding Value by Working with Sponsored Projects.

AbstractThis case study describes how librarians at Rudolph Matas Library of the Health Sciences at Tulane University have partnered and worked with several departments that fall under the Vice Pre...
Utility of Films to Anticipate Effect of Drug Load and Polymer on Dissolution Performance from Tablets of Amorphous Itraconazole Spray-Dried Dispersions.

Because spray-dried dispersion (SDD) performance depends on polymer selection and drug load, time- and resource-sparing methods to screen drug/polymer combinations before spray drying are desirable. The primary objective was to assess the utility of films to anticipate the effects of drug load and polymer grade on dissolution performance of tablets containing SDDs of itraconazole (ITZ). A secondary objective was to characterize the solid-state attributes of films and SDDs to explain drug load and polymer effects on dissolution performance. SDDs employed three different grades of hypromellose acetate succinate (i.e., either HPMCAS-L, HPMCAS-M, or HPMCAS-H). Solid-state characterization employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. Results indicate that films correctly anticipated the effects of drug load and polymer on dissolution performance. The best dissolution profiles were observed under the following conditions: 20% drug loading performed better than 30% for both films and SDDs, and the polymer grade rank order was HPMCAS-L > HPMCAS-M > HPMCAS-H for both films and SDDs. No dissolution was detected from films or SDDs containing HPMCAS-H. Solid-state characterization revealed percent crystallinity and phase miscibility as contributing factors to dissolution, but were not the sole factors. Amorphous content in films varied with drug load (10% > 20% > 30%) and polymer grades (HPMCAS-L > HPMCAS-M > HPMCAS-H), in agreement with dissolution. In conclusion, films anticipated the rank-order effects of drug load and polymer grade on dissolution performance from SDDs of ITZ, in part through percent crystallinity and phase miscibility influences.
Rational actions or institutional actions: A study on the rationality in academic librarians' decision-making processes when purchasing e-book products

Abstract It is important for academic librarians to demonstrate that they are trusted stewards of public money when purchasing e-book products; however, prior studies seldom examine the rationality in librarians' decision-making processes. Interviews including 20 librarians from 19 different institutions were conducted to collect data about their decision-making processes when purchasing e-book products. Institutional theory was used as a framework to analyze interview data. Librarians' perceptions of the environment where their decision process occurred were described as full of uncertainty, with the e-book market viewed as non-competitive with limited alternative products. Seven strategies the interviewees adopted to justify their purchase decisions were then identified, including experimentation, incorporating users' input, reliance on written documents, learning from past experiences, learning from other libraries, group decision, and aggressive negotiation. Decision-making processes were a mixture of institutional and rational actions. Factors affecting rationality in librarians' e-book purchase decisions could be applied to other types of decision-making in library settings, allowing stakeholders to better understand and interpret the situations that either help or hinder the rationality in library's decision-making.
Monitoring, validating and verifying the effectiveness of HACCP systems.

Publisher Summary Application of HACCP has evolved since its inception into the US meat and poultry industry in 1996 by the USDA-FSIS, with the initial minimal regulatory requirement being followed by critical evaluation of the scientific validity of the plans. This chapter briefly discusses monitoring, verification, and validation within HACCP systems and provides a basis for proper design and development of these activities to improve the safety of fresh meat. Monitoring, verification, and validation are key elements within the HACCP system. Successful implementation of a HACCP system and its effectiveness in controlling food safety hazards depend on development of proper monitoring systems, statistically valid monitoring frequencies, proper training of personnel conducting monitoring, validation and verification activities, and continuous evaluation of production processes. Conducting properly designed Microbial Challenge Testings (MCTs) for validation of antimicrobial intervention technologies or antimicrobial ingredients to control a food safety hazard assists in identifying effective control strategies and incorporating them into food processing operations. Proper design and application of statistical process control elements into HACCP systems assists in identifying trends in processes and in establishing controls to assure food safety.
Why cross and mix disciplines and methodologies?: Multiple meanings of Interdisciplinarity and pluralism in ecological economics

Abstract Ecological Economists disagree much about their field and its relationship to mainstream economics and to policy. One reason for these disagreements is that the field pursues multiple goals under the headings of “interdisciplinarity” and “transdisciplinarity.” At least four distinct goals may be pursued under these labels; brainstorming and borrowing for novel combinations of ideas, building new sub-disciplines at the juncture of existing disciples, bringing multiple fields into methodological and theoretical coherence, and involving science in solving social problems. The latter two draw the most controversy. Ecological Economists desire reforming Economics and other social sciences by integrating theories from ecology and physics, but there are multiple means of doing so. Likewise, many seek to create new ways for academic knowledge to be better utilized in public decision-making, but perspectives differ here as well. These represent fundamentally different axes of disagreement but are not always treated as such. Ecological Economics continues to contain a broad range of perspectives, some contradictory, for a rather small research community.
Stretching-induced phase transitions in barium titanate-poly(vinylidene fluoride) flexible composite piezoelectric films

Abstract Improving the piezoelectric performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is important for many applications, including energy harvesting. The addition of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is a popular method to facilitate β phase formation in PVDF films. For pure PVDF, mechanical drawing (i.e. stretching) has also been shown to increase piezoelectric performance. This work examines, for the first time, the combined effect of stretching and BaTiO3 addition on phase transformations in BaTiO3-PVDF composite films. The results indicate that an alternative phase transformation mechanism occurs during the stretching of PVDF composite films. While stretching of pure PVDF films results in the conversion of non-polar α phase into the electroactive β phase, stretching of BaTiO3-PVDF composite films results primarily in the conversion of weakly electroactive γ phase into the more electroactive β phase. Overall, stretching of BaTiO3-PVDF films is shown to be beneficial for increasing β phase content of PVDF.
Management of a Utero-Paravaginal Fistula: A Case Report

Study Objective We present the case of a utero-paravaginal fistula noted in a patient with primary infertility and a history of a bicornuate uterus who had previously undergone multiple gynecologic surgical procedures. Design Case report. Setting A tertiary care center. Patients or Participants N/A Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results A 28 y/o G0 with primary infertility associated with a bicornuate uterus presented to our office for evaluation after obtaining an ultrasound and MRI which showed a normal left hemiuterus but a right cystic pelvic mass consistent with a distended uterine horn with extensive blood within it. She had previously undergone several surgical procedures in Brazil, one of which was labeled a Strassman procedure. She was taken to the OR for hysteroscopy and laparoscopy where hysteroscopy revealed a small uterine septum but otherwise normal appearing endometrial cavity and laparoscopy revealed a normal appearing uterus and endometriosis that was resected. She subsequently developed a pelvic abscess in what appeared to be the lower uterine segment suggestive of an isthmocele. Pelvic abscess was drained, and subsequent CT hysterosalpingogram was performed which revealed a utero-paravaginal fistula. Three months after her infection, she returned to the OR for utero-paravaginal fistula repair. Postoperatively she did well and sonohystogram performed 3 months post-operatively has shown no residual defect. Conclusion This is the only case in the literature we could find where this type of utero-paravaginal fistula is described. Given her extensive surgical history, it is likely this is a result of previous surgical intervention. We highlight the use of CT hysterosalpingogram to document the nature of the fistula and aid us in subsequent repair.
HOOD: High-Order Orthogonal Decomposition for Tensors

Tensor decompositions are becoming increasingly important in processing images and videos. Previous methods, such as ANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition (CPD), Tucker decomposition (TKD), or tensor train decomposition (TTD), treat individual modes (or coordinates) equally. Their results do not contain a natural and hierarchical connection between a given tensor and its lower-order slices (e.g., a video and its frames). To overcome the practical limitation of existing tensor decomposition methods, we propose an innovative High-Order Orthogonal Decomposition (HOOD) for arbitrary order tensors. HOOD decomposes a given tensor using orthogonal linear combinations of its lower-order slices. Each orthogonal linear combination will be further decomposed. In the end, it decomposes the given tensor into orthogonal rank-one tensors. For object detection and recognition tasks in high-resolution videos, HOOD demonstrated great advantages. It is about 100 times faster than CPD with similar accuracy detection and recognition results. It also demonstrated better accuracy than TKD with similar time overhead. HOOD can also be used to improve the explainability because the resulting eigenimages visually reveal the most important common properties of the videos and images, which is a unique feature that CPD, TKD, and TTD do not have.
A three-level hierachical framework for additive manufacturing

Abstract Metal alloy additive manufacturing (AM) has gained wide industrial interest in the past decade due to its capability to efficiently deliver complicated mechanical parts with high quality. However, due to a lack of understanding of the fundamental correlation between the operating conditions and build quality, the exploration of the optimal operating policy of the AM process is costly and difficult. In this work, a data-driven process optimization framework has been proposed for the additive manufacturing process, integrating machine learning, finite-element method (FEM) modeling, and cloud-edge data storage/transfer optimization. A three-level hierarchy of local machines, factory clouds, and a research center is introduced with each level responsible for its dedicated tasks. In addition, to ensure the efficiency of data transfer and storage, an edge-cloud data transfer scheme is constructed, which serves as a guideline for the data flow in the AM framework. Moreover, an overview of the connections between the proposed framework and the Industry 4.0 framework is presented.
An Intensive Intervention to Reduce Readmissions for Frequently Hospitalized Patients: the CHAMP Randomized Controlled Trial

A small number of patients are disproportionally readmitted to hospitals. The Complex High Admission Management Program (CHAMP) was established as a multidisciplinary program to improve continuity of care and reduce readmissions for frequently hospitalized patients. To compare hospital utilization metrics among patients enrolled in CHAMP and usual care. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 3 or more, 30-day inpatient readmissions in the previous year; or 2 inpatient readmissions plus either a referral or 3 observation admissions in previous 6 months. Patients randomized to CHAMP were managed by an interdisciplinary team including social work, physicians, and pharmacists. The CHAMP team used comprehensive care planning and inpatient, outpatient, and community visits to address both medical and social needs. Control patients were randomized to usual care and contacted 18 months after initial identification if still eligible. Primary outcome was number of 30-day inpatient readmissions 180 days following enrollment. Secondary outcomes were number of hospital admissions, total hospital days, emergency department visits, and outpatient clinic visits 180 days after enrollment. There were 75 patients enrolled in CHAMP, 76 in control. Groups were similar in demographic characteristics and baseline readmissions. At 180 days following enrollment, CHAMP patients had more inpatient 30-day readmissions [CHAMP incidence rate 1.3 (95% CI 0.9–1.8) vs. control 0.8 (95% CI 0.5–1.1), p=0.04], though both groups had fewer readmissions compared to 180 days prior to enrollment. We found no differences in secondary outcomes. Frequently hospitalized patients experienced reductions in utilization over time. Though most outcomes showed no difference, CHAMP was associated with higher readmissions compared to a control group, possibly due to consolidation of care at a single hospital. Future research should seek to identify subsets of patients with persistently high utilization for whom tailored interventions may be beneficial. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03097640; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03097640
Commentary to Chapter 10

Lisa Cahill begins with her views on the value of the fetus. Although she does not say so explicitly, the reader is to understand that these value judgments are supported by the subsequent philosophical and theological discussion. My discussion addresses Cahill’s initial propositions, and then the main body of her paper.
DNA Transposons: Different Proteins and Mechanisms but Similar Rearrangements

This chapter talks about four different families of transposable DNA elements and describes how transposon-mediated recombination molds the organization of the bacterial chromosome. The four families were divided based on the proteins they encode for their mobility: (i) the DDE transposons, which include the majority of the classical bacterial elements such as IS3, IS50 (Tn5), IS10 (Tn10), Tn3, and phage Mu; (ii) the rolling circle transposons, called Y2-transposons and include IS91; (iii) the Y-transposons, which include the conjugative transposon Tn916; and (iv) the Stransposons, a newly recognized family that includes IS1535, IS607, and themobilizable transposon Tn4451. The mechanisms of transposition for each of these four families are very different, although the end products may often look quite similar. Their features were summarized in order to illustrate the different ways a transposon can move from one site to another and the different types of chromosomal rearrangement they can create. It is thought that immunity plays a key role in protecting a transposon from the damaging effects of its own transposition. Immunity in Tn7 parallels that of Mu, with TnsB and TnsC playing the roles of MuA and MuB. The author has compared and contrasted four families of transposable elements found in bacteria. Each family has developed distinct ways of translocating defined segments of DNA, although there are some unifying themes and many of the end products look identical.
Cellular energy metabolism during fetal development: V. Fatty acid synthesis by the developing heart

Abstract We have investigated fatty acid synthesis by the developing heart. The only system for fatty acid synthesis in the heart is the mitochondrial elongation pathway. Myocardial fatty acid elongation was very low prenatally but increased rapidly during the first week of life. Coincident with weaning there was a sharp drop in elongation activity possibly related to a shift from the high fat intake provided by the milk to the carbohydrate diet provided by standard laboratory chow. Either NADH or NADPH could provide reducing equivalents for myocardial fatty acid elongation. The presence of a long-chain fatty acid primer in the medium resulted in a higher incorporation of acetyl-CoA throughout the developmental period. However, the ratio of endogenous fatty acid elongation activity to that in the presence of an added primer increased with age presumably in relation to the postnatal increase in the availability of long-chain fatty acid primers. Products of fatty acid elongation in postnatal rats included a range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with major peaks of stearic acid (18:0) and 20- and 22-carbon unsaturated fatty acids suggesting elongation of the palmityl-CoA primer by the-two carbon units of acetyl-CoA. Decarboxylation of fatty acid products indicated that all synthesis could be accounted for by chain elongation. The observed developmental changes in myocardial fatty acid elongation may be related to functional, structural, and nutritional adaptations of the cell to the postnatal environment.
Coverage and generalization in an artificial immune system

LISYS is an artificial immune system framework which is specialized for the problem of network intrusion detection. LISYS learns to detect abnormal packets by observing normal network traffic. Because LISYS sees only a partial sample of normal traffic, it must generalize from its observations in order to characterize normal behavior correctly. A variation of the r-contiguous bits matching rule is introduced, and its effect on coverage and generalization is studied. The effect of representation diversity on coverage and generalization is also explored by studying permutations in the order of bits in the representation.
Analysts' Rationality and Forecast Bias: Evidence from Sales Forecasts

When optimistic forecasts can improve access to management, rational analysts have incentives to issue optimistically-biased forecasts (Lim, 2001). This paper proposes that the extent of this optimistic forecast bias will depend on the forecast's importance to management. If management attaches less importance to a forecasted measure, analysts should decrease their forecast bias because the expected benefits of issuing optimistic forecasts are less. We examine analysts' earnings and sales forecasts, and predict that analysts' optimistic bias will be greater for earnings than for sales. Results are consistent with our predictions and contribute to the evidence that analysts' forecast bias is rational and intentional.
Fabrication and Robotization of Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Nanosensors for Molecule Detection with Raman Scattering

In this work, we introduce the history and mechanisms of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), discuss various techniques for fabrication of state-of-the-art SERS substrates, and review recent work on robotizing plasmonic nanoparticles, especially, the efforts we made on fabrication, characterization, and robotization of Raman nanosensors by design. Our nanosensors, consisting of tri-layer nanocapsule structures, are ultrasensitive, well reproducible, and can be robotized by either electric or magnetic tweezers. Three applications using such SERS nanosensors were demonstrated, including location predictable detection, single-cell bioanalysis, and tunable molecule release and monitoring. The integration of SERS and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) devices is innovative in both device concept and fabrication, and could potentially inspire a new device scheme for various bio-relevant applications.
Características estruturais de ligantes do receptor sigma2

Sigma (sigma) receptors, once considered a type of opioid receptor, are now recognized as representing a unique receptive entity and at least two different types of sigma receptors have been identified: sigma1 and sigma2 receptors. Evidence suggests that these receptors might be targeted and exploited for the development of agents potentially useful for the treatment of several central disorders. This review primarily describes some of our efforts to understand those structural features that contribute to sigma2 receptor binding, and some recent work by other investigators is also included. Despite an inability to formulate a unified pharmacophore model for sigma2 binding due to the diversity of structure-types that bind at the receptor, and to the conformational flexibility of these ligands, significant progress has been made toward the development of some very high-affinity agents.
REBELLION ON THE SAUDI PERIPHERY: MODERNITY, MARGINALIZATION, AND THE SHIA UPRISING OF 1979

For seven dramatic days in late November 1979, bloody street violence between state security forces and thousands of frustrated Shiites rocked the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Sparked by the Saudi regime's brutal repression of those peacefully celebrating Ashura—the annual mourning of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein—the fury resulted in an unknown number of dead and wounded. Among the destruction, demonstrators burned the British bank in Qatif as well as the offices of the Saudia National Airline. They destroyed state-owned vehicles, attacked police, raided the coast guard office in the village of al-Awamiyya, seized weapons from soldiers, and even occupied the old city in downtown Qatif, from which they held off the Saudi military for days. One report relates that a group even burned a toy store owned by a government official. Women as well as men marched in anger. The security forces, which included 20,000 Saudi National Guard, cordoned off the major roadways, particularly those in Qatif, Sayhat, and Safwa to localize the protest, control the flow of information, as well as to prevent nearby oil facilities from being destroyed. Reports swirled that soldiers fired on virtually any public gathering of people, including at least one funeral procession in Safwa, forcing the mourners to flee and abandon the corpse in the street. State and hospital officials refused to release other bodies from the morgue for burial until the uproar quieted, leveraging the dead as blackmail. The National Guard relied on the heavy firepower of helicopter gun ships for crowd control, turning the area into a deadly conflict zone characterized by terror, hostility, and fear.
Tumour microenvironment heterogeneity affects the perceived spatial concordance between the intratumoural patterns of cell proliferation and 18F-fluorothymidine uptake

Background and purpose PET imaging with 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) can potentially be used to identify tumour subvolumes for selective dose escalation in radiation therapy. The purpose of this study is to analyse the co-localization of intratumoural patterns of cell proliferation with 18F-FLT tracer uptake.
Significance of BRAF mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Molecular analysis has transformed our current understanding of the etiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Activating mutations of components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway, including the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF, are frequently detected. The prognostic significance of theseBRAFmutations and the therapeutic implications for managing PTC are discussed.
Preparing Tomorrows Teachers: Meeting the Challenge of Diverse Family Structures

(1992). Preparing Tomorrows Teachers: Meeting the Challenge of Diverse Family Structures. Action in Teacher Education: Vol. 14, Linking Teachers, Schools, Families and Communities, pp. 1-5.
The Role of Wavelet Coefficients in Fitness Landscapes of Image Transforms for Defense Applications

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been employed in recent years in the design of robust image transforms. EAs attempt to improve the defining filter coefficients of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to improve image quality for bandwidth-restricted surveillance applications, such as the transmission of images by swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over shared channels. Regardless of the specific algorithm employed, filter coefficients are optimized over a common fitness landscape that defines allowable configurations that filters may take. Any optimization algorithm attempts to identify highly-fit filter configurations within the landscape. The evolvability of transform filters depends upon the ruggedness, deceptiveness, neutrality, and modality of the underlying landscape traversed by the EA. We have previously studied the evolvability of image transforms for satellite image processing with regards to ruggedness and deceptiveness. Here we examine the position of wavelet coefficients within a landscape to determine whether optimization algorithms should be seeded near this position or randomly seeded in the global landscape. Through examination of landscape deceptiveness, both near wavelet coefficients and throughout the global range of the landscape, we determine that the neighborhood surrounding the wavelet contains a greater concentration of highly fit solutions. EAs that concentrate their search effort in this neighborhood have a better chance of identifying filters that improve upon standard wavelets. An improved understanding of the underlying fitness landscape characteristics impacts the design of evolutionary algorithms capable of identifying near-optimal image transforms suitable for deployment in defense and security applications of image processing.
Student pharmacists’ perceptions and awareness of community pharmacy practice residency programs

Objectives To assess student exposure to types of pharmacy practice, evaluate awareness and perceptions of community pharmacy residencies, and identify areas of postgraduate training of interest to student pharmacists. Design Cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey study. Setting United States, January to April 2008. Participants Student pharmacists in the final 2 years of the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program. Intervention An online survey was administered to students in the final 2 years of the PharmD program at randomly selected schools of pharmacy by region throughout the United States. Main outcome measures Awareness of student pharmacists regarding community pharmacy residencies and interest in postgraduate training. Results 254 surveys were completed during the study period. Of the respondents, 95% had previous experience working in a community pharmacy setting. Nearly 90% were aware of community pharmacy residencies. Students who indicated opportunities to publish (odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI 1.34–4.1]), teaching students (2.1 [1.36–3.14]), enjoying the job atmosphere (4.9 [1.54–15.60]), and clinically challenging (4.3 [2.15–8.67]) as desirable career attributes were more likely to be interested in postgraduate training. No significant differences existed in the information sources sought by students interested in community pharmacy residency programs (CPRPs) compared with those interested in other types of postgraduate training. Conclusion The significant predicators of student pharmacists interested in pursuing postgraduate training are in alignment with CPRP training. Further research is needed to market the value of CPRPs through the identified information sources.
Application of response‐surface methodology to detect interactions of genotoxic agents in cultured mammalian cells

Response‐surface methodology (RSM) techniques provide a useful statistical approach for the design and analysis of experiments involving multiple variables. Although it has been used for some time in the areas of chemical engineering and agriculture, RSM has only recently been applied to the solution of biological problems. Here we have utilized RSM to investigate the interaction of two direct‐acting, monofunctional alkylating agents [ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ethylnitrosourea (ENU)] in Chinese hamster V79 cells with respect to the in vitro induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). A factorial design was employed in which the cells were exposed to the agents singly and in simultaneous combinations for 4 h. The cells were collected for SCE determination 30 h after treatment. The analysis revealed concentration‐dependent increases in SCEs for both of the agents, with ENU being the more effective on an equimolar basis. In addition, single‐ and multiple‐agent interactions were detected. The most ...
Non‐stationary entrainment and tunneling eruptions: A dynamic link between eruption processes and magma mixing

The products of many intermediate arc volcanoes and batholiths manifest compositional complexity with mafic and mixed material occurring early and through-out a period of eruption and pluton assembly. We present a vesiculation model suggesting that the progressive and repeated vesiculation of volatile-rich magmas yields a super-linear buoyancy acceleration. This style of non-stationary entrainment provides a mechanism for compositional reversal, the intimate co-occurrence of mixed and un-mixed magmas, and rapid, chaotic crystal and melt dispersal. Under some circumstances, entrainment can cease entirely, producing eruptions with compositional tunneling where nearly unmixed mafic, or newly intruded silicic magma, exits first.
A method for describing information required by the database design process

Current research in the area of database design has been directed towards the development of structured or automated database design techniques. The first phase of the database design process, information requirements specification and analysis, is unfortunately ignored. The lack of concern for whether or not the input to the design techniques can be collected in the real world and for wheather or not the input is an adequate and complete representation can only result in an inadequate and possible useless database design.Most database models and design techniques utilize only process-oriented information. Other techniques utilize non process-oriented information whose foundation may not be clearly identifiable. The use of only process-oriented information may result in a narrowly defined unimaginative database design which may be unresponsive to the changing needs of the organization. To overcome the shortcomings of this traditional approach, it is necessary to complement it with an additional approach.This can be accomplished in three steps. First, the description and use of the information required for the database design process must be clearly stated. Second, two independent perspectives for viewing the required information must be considered: the information structure perspective and the usage perspective. The information perspective depicts the natural characteristics of data, inherent groupings and relationships. This perspective is not bound to existing or future applications; hence it is a more general and flexible view of information than one which is process oriented. The usage perspective describes how data items are utilized by the system in order to accomplish its processing requirements. Third, a vehicle for aiding the specification itegration of these two independent perspectives must be considered.
Velocity-matched electro-optic modulator

Partitioning the transmission line on a LiNbO3 traveling wave modulator into short sections and feeding each section from an antenna integrated to the modulator surface can overcome the frequency limitation from material dispersion. A phase modulator at 5-13 GHz with a peak sensitivity better than 100 deg/(Watt) sq rt is demonstrated using an unoptimized microwave feed system. The technique should be scalable to high millimeter-wave frequencies.
Diagnostic Value of Residual and Partial Residual Plots

Abstract This article illustrates why partial residual plots in addition to the usual residual plots are useful in a multiple regression analysis. The expected values of the vector of residuals and the vector of partial residuals are presented and examined for the situation when a regressor variable is misspecified in the model. If curvature exists in a predictor variable, the plot of residuals versus the variable displays the points scattered around a line that is a linear transformation of the correct functional form of the variable. Hence a nonrandom pattern may appear in the plot, but the appropriate transformation may not be evident. For a partial residual plot, the underlying signal displays the correct functional form of the predictor variables across the relevant range of interest, except in instances when severe collinearity exists.
Product Quality of Parenteral Vancomycin Products in the United States

In response to concerns raised about the quality of parenteral vancomycin products, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating the product quality of all FDA-approved parenteral vancomycin products available in the United States. Product quality was evaluated independently at two FDA Office of Testing and Research (FDA-OTR) sites. In the next phase of the investigation, being done in collaboration with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the in vivo activity of these products will be evaluated in an appropriate animal model. This paper summarizes results of the FDA investigation completed thus far. One site used a validated ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography method (OTR-UPLC), and the second site used the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for related substances provided in the British Pharmacopeia (BP) monograph for vancomycin intravenous infusion. Similar results were obtained by the two FDA-OTR laboratories using two different analytical methods. The products tested had 90 to 95% vancomycin B (active component of vancomycin) by the BP-HPLC method and 89 to 94% vancomycin by OTR-UPLC methods. Total impurities were 5 to 10% by BP-HPLC and 6 to 11% by OTR-UPLC methods. No single impurity was >2.0%, and the CDP-1 level was ≤ 2.0% across all products. Some variability in impurity profiles of the various products was observed. No adverse product quality issues were identified with the six U.S. vancomycin parenteral products. The quality parameters of all parenteral vancomycin products tested surpassed the United States Pharmacopeia acceptance criteria. Additional testing will characterize in vivo performance characteristics of these products.
Displaying Readable Text in a Head-Tracked, Stereoscopic Virtual Environment

In a head-tracked, stereoscopic virtual environment, many straightforward text implementations suffer from poor readability or unnatural behavior. For example, scan-converted text often appears blurry or "shimmery" due to rapidly alternating text thickness because scan conversion depends on the user's location and the user rarely stays perfectly still. Likewise, bitmapped fonts cannot generally mimic objects with fixed size and location because they do not scale and thus do not appear larger as the viewer moves closer. This paper describes a simple method for displaying readable text that need not have a fixed location in the virtual environment, such as menu-system and annotation text. Our approach positions text relative to the user's view frustums (one frustum per eye), adjusting the 3D placement of each piece of text as the user moves, so the text occupies a constant location in each of the view frustums and projects to the same pixels regardless of the user's location. The result is crisp, clear text...
The role of DNA polymerase I in liquid holding recovery of UV-irradiated Escherichia coli.

Abstract. –Excision of cyclobutyl dipyrimidines from, and accumulation of strand interruptions in, DNA of different strains of E. coli K12 were determined during liquid holding recovery after UV irradiation. The extent of Pyr Pyr excision was the same (20–25%) for both a polA mutant (E. coli P3478) and its parental wild type strain (E. coli W3110); however, single strand interruptions accumulate during liquid holding of polA cells, but not in the parental strain. In contrast, excision was greatly reduced in a mutant (KMBL 1789) which is defective in the 5′→3′ exonucleolytic function of DNA polymerase I. These data suggest that excision and resynthesis during liquid holding are carried out primarily, if not entirely, by DNA polymerase I. We further conclude that excision alone is both a necessary and sufficient condition to elicit liquid holding recovery, and that this excision requires a functional polymerase I 5′→ 3′ exonuclease.
The Effect of Sulfaquinoxaline on Eimeria acervulina Infection in Pullets in Egg Production

Abstract SEVERAL investigators have shown sulfaquinoxaline to be an effective coccidiostatic agent against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix infections. This report deals with the effect of sulfaquinoxaline against Eimeria acervulina infection in young pullets in egg production. PROCEDURE Sixty-five White Leghorn pullets were reared under controlled conditions to keep them free of coccidial infection. At about 10 weeks of age each bird was placed in an individual laying cage. When they were laying about 50 percent egg production they were divided into 5 lots of 13 birds each. An effort was made to make an equal distribution of the birds on the basis of body weight and the time of laying the first egg. Beginning at this period of lot designation the birds were weighed individually twice each week at 3 or 4 day intervals. The pullets were fed an all-mash ration which was supplemented with oyster shell, when egg production . . .
Purloined Letters: The Scarlet Letter in Kathy Acker's Blood and Guts in High School

(1994). Purloined Letters: The Scarlet Letter in Kathy Acker's Blood and Guts in High School. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 173-180.
A variant β-tubulin isoform of Drosophila melanogaster (β3) is expressed primarily in tissues of mesodermal origin in embryos and pupae, and is utilized in populations of transient microtubules

The β3-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster codes for a variant tubulin isoform which is expressed at two distinct times during development: (1) during midembryogenesis from 8–16 hr postfertilization, and (2) during the 4 days of pupal development. We have determined the spatial pattern of β3-tubulin expression by localizing the β3 mRNA in paraffin sections using a 3′ message-specific RNA probe and by localizing the β3 protein using a polyclonal antibody specific for Drosophila β3-tubulin. During embryogenesis β3 is restricted to and is expressed in all of the developing muscles. During pupal development β3 is also expressed at high levels in developing adult muscles. In addition, early in pupal development β3 is expressed in the imaginal discs, while at later times β3 is expressed in the epidermal cells of the wing blade, the optic lobe, the ovaries, and the testes. The expression of β3 tubulin ceases by the end of pupal development in all of these tissues except the ovaries and testes where expression persists into the adult. In both developing muscles and wings our results indicate that β3-tubulin is utilized in populations of specialized but transient cytoskeletal microtubules which are involved in establishing the final form of the tissue.
Casein Kinase II Catalyzes Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Yeast Nucleolar Immunophilin Fpr3

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nucleolar immunophilin, Fpr3, is phosphorylated at tyrosine and dephosphorylated by the phosphotyrosine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase, Ptp1. In Ptp1-deficient cells, Fpr3 contains phospho-Tyr at a single site (Tyr184), but also contains phospho-Ser and phospho-Thr. Ser186 (adjacent to Tyr184) is situated within a canonical site for phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII). Yeast cell lysates contain an activity that binds to Fpr3 in vitro and phosphorylates Fpr3 at Ser, Thr, and Tyr; this activity was found to be dependent on expression of functional yeast CKII. Moreover, purified Fpr3 was phosphorylated on Tyr184 in vitro by either purified yeast CKII or purified, bacterially-expressed human CKII. Likewise, phosphorylation of Fpr3 at tyrosine in vivo was markedly enhanced in yeast cells overexpressing a heterologous (Drosophila) CKII, but was undetectable in yeast cells carrying only a temperature-sensitive allele of the endogenous CKII, even when the cells were grown at a permissive temperature. Phosphorylation of Fpr3 at Tyr184 by CKII in vitro lagged behind phosphorylation of Fpr3 at Ser, and was accelerated by pre-phosphorylation of Fpr3 at Ser using CKII. Furthermore, synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence surrounding Tyr184 that contained P-Ser (or Glu) at position 186 were much more efficient substrates for CKII phosphorylation of Tyr184 than a synthetic peptide containing Ala at position 186. These findings indicate that CKII phosphorylates Fpr3 at tyrosine and serine both in vivo andin vitro and thus possesses dual specificity. These results also indicate that Tyr184 is phosphorylated by CKII via a two-step process, in which phosphorylation at the +2 position provides a negatively-charged specificity determinant that allows subsequent phosphorylation of Tyr184.