cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrically-Operated Intermittent Sprayers for the Insecticidal Control of Horticultural Insect Pests

Automatic intermittent sprayers, using pulse-modulated, IR sensors to detect plants and trigger insecticidal sprays, controlled insect pests of cabbage, cauliflower, and peppers during 1978–79 as well as a continuous sprayer did. Reductions in the usage of pesticides ranged from 24–51% depending upon the crop and the mode of operation of the intermittent sprayer.
Motor Learning and Practice

運動を学習するうえで，練習は欠くことのできない要素である。この練習が人間の運動の何を変化させるのか，そして効率よく練習の効果をあげるにはどのようなことに注意したらよいかについて述べる。また，練習方法の違いがパフォーマンスや学習に対してどのような影響を及ぼすかについて明らかにする。
Application of Video Circulation transformation Technology in Video Conference System

The working principle and realization method of the video circulation transformation technology are expounded in this paper.The two different implementation schemes respectively adopted by Jiangsu and Jiangxi province power companies are analyzed and compared.The results prove that the reformed video circulation switching system based on the original teleconference system is more convenient for operators to manage a conference.Fusion of more brand conference systems was achieved by the reformation scheme.
A retrospective cohort study on the effetiveness of varicella vaccine against varicella outbreak in school

Objective To assess the effectiveness of varicella outbreak vaccine against varicella outbreak occurring in school.Methods Children in the affected schools in 2012 and institutions were divided into different age groups and the history of vaccination with varicella vaccine was analyzed.A historical cohort study was conducted.Results 143 students were enrolled.The vaccine effectiveness of varicella vaccine amounted to 69.18%.The vaccine effectiveness of varicella vaccine amounted to 86.12% at the age of 6 to 7 years,for the 9 to 11 year age group,significant difference was not found.Conclusion Varicella vaccine provides a satisfactory protection in the varicella outbreak school.A booster dose is recommended in upper classman students of school because of their antibody attenuated.
Effects of Carbon Allotrope Interface on the Photoactivity of Rutile One-Dimensional (1D) TiO2 Coated with Anatase TiO2 and Sensitized with CdS Nanocrystals

The assembly of a large-bandgap one-dimensional (1D) oxide–conductive carbon–chalcogenide nanocomposite and its surface, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties are presented. Microscopy, surface analysis, and optical spectroscopy results are reported to provide insights into the assembly of the nanostructure. We have investigated (i) how the various carbon allotropes (C60), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be integrated at the interface of the 1D TiO2 and zero-dimensional (0D) CdS nanocrystals; (ii) the carbon allotrope and CdS loading effects; (iii) the impact of the carbon allotrope presence on 0D CdS nanocrystals; and (iv) how they promote light absorbance. Subsequently, the functioning of the integrated nanostructured assembly in a photoelectrochemical cell has been systematically investigated. These studies include (i) chronoamperometry, (ii) impedance measurements or EIS, and (iii) linear sweep voltammetry. The results indicate that th...
Shade effects on performance, carcass traits, physiology, and behavior of heat-stressed feedlot heifers.

To determine whether shade influences performance, carcass traits, immunology, respiration rate, and behavior of cattle under conditions similar to those in commercial feedlots, we used 168 heifers in 12 soil-surfaced pens. Six pens were shaded with a galvanized steel-roofed shade (approximately 4 m high), allowing for 2.12 m2 of shade/heifer, and six pens served as the unshaded control. Heifers were fed a 90% concentrate diet during the 121-d trial that began in mid-June, performance variables (DMI, BW, ADG, gain:feed) were measured, and dietary concentrations of NEm and NEg calculated from performance data. A blood sample was collected to assess immune measures. Respiration rates and behaviors (feeding, drinking, walking, standing, lying, agonistic, and bulling) also were measured during the study. Carcass data (yield grade, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, longissimus muscle area, hot carcass weight, quality grade, liver abscess rate, and incidence of dark-cutting beef) were collected at slaughter. Shaded heifers had higher (P 0.26) between treatments. Most carcass traits did not differ between treatments, but more (P < 0.02) carcasses ofheifers in shaded pens graded USDA Choice than those in unshaded pens, which resulted primarily from the incidence of dark cutters being decreased (P < 0.04) by approximately half in carcasses from shaded compared with unshaded heifers. Respiration rate and percentage of circulating neutrophils were decreased (P < 0.01) for shaded compared with unshaded heifers. The treatment x time of day effect was significant (P < 0.05) for all behavioral measurements. Shaded heifers spent more time laying down (0800, 1200, and 1500, P < 0.05) and less time standing (1200 and 1500, P < 0.05) than unshaded heifers. Agonistic behavior was less (P < 0.05) for shaded than for unshaded heifers at 1900 and 2000, and bulling was less (P < 0.05) for-shaded than unshaded heifers at 2100. Results suggest that shade improved performance and altered behavior by feedlot heifers during the summertime in West Texas.
Pharmacology of ATP-sensitive K+ currents in smooth muscle cells from rabbit mesenteric artery

The inference that ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are involved in arterial responses to the synthetic K+ channel openers, hypoxia, adenosine, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, has relied on the sensitivity of these responses to the sulfonylureas glibenclamide and tolbutamide and to tetraethylammonium (TEA+). The inhibition of KATP currents by glibenclamide, tolbutamide, and TEA+ was investigated in single smooth muscle cells from rabbit mesenteric artery by use of the whole cell patch-clamp technique. The synthetic K+ channel openers pinacidil (half-activation 0.6 microM), cromakalim (half-activation 1.9 microM), and diazoxide (half-activation 37.1 microM) activated K(+)-selective currents that were blocked by glibenclamide. Elevation of pipette (intracellular) ATP concentration decreased K+ currents induced by pinacidil. Half-inhibition of KATP currents by glibenclamide and tolbutamide occurred at 101 nM and 351 microM, respectively. KATP currents were also inhibited by external TEA+, with half-inhibition at 6.2 mM. The results indicate that glibenclamide is an effective inhibitor of KATP channels in arterial smooth muscle and that tolbutamide and TEA+ are much less effective. Furthermore, these results support numerous functional studies that have demonstrated that the vasorelaxations to K+ channel openers are inhibited by < 10 microM glibenclamide but not by < 1 mM TEA+.
Neurobiological basis of ganser syndrome.

Ganser syndrome continues to be a rare and widely misunderstood condition. While DSM-IV classifies Ganser syndrome as a dissociative disorder, its etiology continues to be debated. There are episodic reports in the literature of Ganser syndrome in patients with head trauma or strokes. However, the mechanisms by which these cerebral insults lead to Ganser syndrome or other dissociative states are largely unknown.A case of a patient with Ganser syndrome with a prior history of stroke and bifrontal infarcts is described. This case demonstrates how organic pathology may predispose a patient to dissociative states, such as Ganser syndrome. We review the relationship between hyperglutamatergic states, caused by stroke and stress, and dissociative symptoms.Ganser syndrome continues to be a rare and widely misunderstood condition. While DSM-IV classifies Ganser syndrome as a dissociative disorder, its etiology continues to be debated. There are episodic reports in the literature of Ganser syndrome in patients with head trauma or strokes. However, the mechanisms by which these cerebral insults lead to Ganser syndrome or other dissociative states are largely unknown.A case of a patient with Ganser syndrome with a prior history of stroke and bifrontal infarcts is described. This case demonstrates how organic pathology may predispose a patient to dissociative states, such as Ganser syndrome. We review the relationship between hyperglutamatergic states, caused by stroke and stress, and dissociative symptoms.
Pharmacokinetics of dideoxyinosine in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) after intravenous and subcutaneous administration.

Four macaques (Macaca nemestrina; 1 female and 3 males) were administered dideoxyinosine (DDI) at three dose levels (3.2 mg/kg i.v., 10 mg/kg i.v., and 20 mg/kg s.c.). Blood and urine samples were collected during 6-8 h and 24 h after drug administration, respectively. The mean plasma clearance (16.7 +/- 4.9 ml/min/kg), steady-state volume of distribution (1.5 +/- 0.4 L/kg), and terminal plasma half-life (96.8 +/- 7.5 min) did not differ significantly between the two i.v. doses. DDI was eliminated from the body primarily by excretion of the unchanged drug in the urine (74%). The absorption of DDI from the subcutaneous site was complete (bioavailability of 0.91 +/- 0.13) and rapid, with peak plasma concentration obtained at 30 min.
Postpartum worries: an exploration of Taiwanese primiparas who participate in the Chinese ritual of tso-yueh-tzu.

PROBLEM To explore worries of postpartum mothers who participate in Tso-Yueh-Tzu. SUBJECTS Primiparas (N = 21) with a mean age of 30 years, a mean educational level of 15 years. Seventeen (81%) were working. The mean number of postpartum days was 14. METHODS Focus groups, each group session lasted approximately 2 hours and was audiotaped. FINDINGS Four themes regarding worries emerged: searching process to integrate the self into the rituals of Tso-Yueh-Tzu, understanding that the newborn's care influences evaluation of the self as a "good mother," decision-making process of the self to arrange the best baby care for a career women, and reconciling the need for self-fulfillment with the demand to be a "family-mother." CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses can help a mother work through her worries. Although the women expressed their worries in different content, all focused on the need for "the integration of the self" while they went through Tso-Yueh-Tzu.
Differential Regulation of bFGF- and VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis in Mice Lacking Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A.

Abstract Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is a complex process involving vascular endothelial cell activation, proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Several growth factors have been shown to induce this process. Among them vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are most widely studied. These two growth factors are believed to induce angiogenesis through distinct signaling pathways. Recently, we have shown that signaling through junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is required for bFGF-induced angiogenesis. Here, we present evidence that JAM-A differentially regulates both bFGF-induced and VEGF-induced angiogenic responses. Using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) we found that bFGF-induced but not VEGF-induced migration was inhibited by function blocking anti-JAM-A antibody. We also found that mutant JAM-A blocked bFGF-induced but not VEGF-induced MAP kinase activation. To conclusively determine the role of JAM-A in angiogenic signaling, we generated JAM-A null mice. Endothelial cells isolated from JAM-A null mice failed to migrate in response to bFGF stimulation, but showed enhanced cell migration in response to VEGF. Further, using aortic ring and Matrigel® plug assays, we found that bFGF failed to induce blood vessel formation in JAM-A null mice. Interestingly, an increase in the number of blood vessels was observed in response to VEGF in these mice suggesting that in the absence of JAM-A bFGF-induced angiogenic pathway is impaired, but VEGF-induced pathway is upregulated to compensate. We next determined the effect of increased angiogenesis on tumor growth. We found that B16F0 melanoma growth was enhanced at least by two-fold in JAM-A null mice compared to wild-type mice. To understand the mechanism of hypersensitivity of JAM-A null mice to VEGF, we determined the expression of VEGF receptors on endothelial cells. We found that surface expression of VEGFR-2 is upregulated in endothelial cells isolated from JAM-A null mice. These results suggest that signaling through JAM-A is essential for the bFGF-induced pathway and when this pathway is impaired, the VEGF-induced pathway is upregulated which leads to enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth.
Neonatal Genomics: Part 1—Basics and Definitions

As genomic medicine is increasingly incorporated into clinical practice across all disciplines, an understanding of basic genetic concepts is important for the neonatologist. There are many different ways in which variations in the human genetic sequence, which comprises the genome, can lead to disease. Gene sequencing through the use of Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing technology can detect disease-causing variants and can be performed across the entire human genome in whole genome sequencing or across only the coding regions of the human genome in whole exome sequencing.
The Role of Communication in Preparation for Wildland Fire: A Literature Review

Fire regimes are needed for healthy forest ecosystems, but citizens who live parallel to public forests do not always understand or favour the mechanisms land managers use for fire prevention and p...
Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. Hyalgan Study Group.

Objective. To determine efficacy and safety of intraarticular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA; Hyalgan®) versus placebo and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Method. A series of 5 weekly IA injections of HA (20 mg each) was compared to placebo or oral naproxen in a 26 week, double blind, masked observer, multicenter trial of 495 patients with idiopathic OA. Acetaminophen was pennitted for escape analgesia. The primary measurement was pain experienced on a 50 foot walk test for those completing the study (completers) as measured on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). Also measured were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index (pain, stiffness, function) and categorical assessments of pain. Results. Patients receiving HA improved more with respect to pain on the 50 foot walk compared to placebo at Week 26 (HA vs placebo difference 8.8 mm; p < 0.005); 56% of HA treated patients compared to 41% of placebo treated patients had ≥ 20 mm reduction in the VAS from Week 5 continuously through Week 26 (p =0.031). At 26 weeks, more HA treated patients (47.6%) had slight pain or were pain-free in contrast to placebo treated (33.1%; p = 0.039) or naproxen treated (38.9%; p = 0.022) patients. Improvement in secondary outcome variables was generally superior in the HA group compared to those receiving placebo and was significantly better at Week 26 with respect to the WOMAC pain (p = 0.041) and WOMAC physical function (p = 0.047) subscales. The HA group also tended to have better results relative to the naproxen group in both primary and secondary assessments. For all randomized patients, there was a≥ 20 mm improvement in pain experienced on the 50 foot walk in 36% of placebo treated patients vs 28% of the HA treated patients (p = 0.127; 67% of patients completed the trial). Injection site pain, more commonly reported in the HA group (38/164 = 23%) than in the placebo group (22/168 = 13%; p <0.001), resulted in withdrawal in 6 patients (4%). One withdrawal was associated with the HA injection (< 1%). Gastrointestinal adverse events were significantly more common in the naproxen group than the HA or the placebo groups and 14 naproxen treated patients (8.3%) discontinued prematurely due to these events. Conclusion. This large, controlled randomized clinical trial confirms that 5 weekly IA injections of HA (Hyalgan®) in patients with OA of the knee are generally well tolerated, provide sustained relief of pain and improved patient function, and were at least as effective with fewer adverse reactions as continuous treatment with naproxen for 26 weeks.
A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

We describe a simple, robust and high throughput single molecule flow-stretching assay for studying 1D diffusion of molecules along DNA. In this assay, glass coverslips are functionalized in a one-step reaction with silane-PEG-biotin. Flow cells are constructed by sandwiching an adhesive tape with pre-cut channels between a functionalized coverslip and a PDMS slab containing inlet and outlet holes. Multiple channels are integrated into one flow cell and the flow of reagents into each channel can be fully automated, which significantly increases the assay throughput and reduces hands-on time per assay. Inside each channel, biotin-λ-DNAs are immobilized on the surface and a laminar flow is applied to flow-stretch the DNAs. The DNA molecules are stretched to >80% of their contour length and serve as spatially extended templates for studying the binding and transport activity of fluorescently labeled molecules. The trajectories of single molecules are tracked by time-lapse Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) imaging. Raw images are analyzed using streamlined custom single particle tracking software to automatically identify trajectories of single molecules diffusing along DNA and estimate their 1D diffusion constants.
On topological complexity of non-orientable surfaces

Abstract We show that the topological complexity of the nonorientable surfaces of genus ≥4 is four.
Physicalism Without Dependence

The physical world, as Ted Honderich points out in his book Actual Consciousness, is almost invariably thought of as necessarily objective. What exactly this means is controversial. However, the rough idea is that there is no aspect of the physical world that can, in principle, be experienced by only one person. As such, physicalism would be refuted by irreducible subjective facts—facts, for example, about what my conscious experience of seeing red is like that cannot be fully conveyed in objective terms about light reflectances, the physiology of color vision and so forth. Athough Honderich pushes against the conception of the physical as inhospitable to private, subjective experience, I argue that he does not go far enough.
A Nyström discretization of an augmented Müller surface integral equation

A well-conditioned surface integral equation method for the scattering from the material objects is presented. The formulation incorporates surface electric and magnetic charges into the conventional Muller formulation and adds constraints on the normal components of the magnetic and electric fields. It is arranged as an augmented Muller (A-Muller) formulation and is discretized using the locally corrected Nystrom (LCN) method. Numerical results confirm that the method is accurate, well-conditioned and stable over a wide frequency range, including zero frequency, for multiply connected and complex multiscale geometries.
Dynamical quantum phase transitions in the random field Ising model

Over the last few years it was pointed out that certain observables of time-evolving quantum systems may have singularities at certain moments in time, mimicking the singularities physical systems have when undergoing phase transitions. These were given the name of dynamical phase transitions. They were shown to exist in certain integrable (exactly solvable) quantum systems, and were seen numerically and experimentally in some models which were not integrable. The ``universality classes'' of such singularities were not yet convincingly established, however. We argue that random field Ising models feature singularities in time which may potentially be present in a wider variety of quantum systems, in particular in those which are many-body localized, and describe these singularities in detail analytically.
Carotid Steal Syndrome Mimicking Subclavian Steal Phenomenon due to Innominate Artery Stenosis (P6.223)

Objective: To present a rare case of Carotid steal syndrome mimicking subclavian steal phenomenon due to Innominate artery stenosis. Background: When vertebral flow reversal occurs on right, it’s more common to have subclavian or innominate artery stenosis or occlusion. Innominate artery disease can cause flow reversal in not only vertebral system but also in the ipsilateral carotid system. It is less common than subclavian steal but the proportion of patients symptomatic is higher. Design/Methods: 57 year old female with 2 years history of right hand numbness while typing, diagnosed as Raynaud’s syndrome, presented with worsening right arm heaviness, tingling sensation, lightheadedness on standing and tremors of bilateral lower extremities on walking for past 2 weeks, 3 episodes of transient loss of right upper quadrant visual field lasting 45 secs each resolved on its own. On examination, noted to have about 20 mmHg gradient between the left and right brachial artery. Results: Ultrasound revealed low flow velocities in right internal carotid artery and reversal of flow in right vertebral artery. CT angiography revealed high-grade stenosis at the origin of the right brachiocephalic artery. This was confirmed by carotid angiogram which revealed severe pre-occlusive lesion of the very proximal innominate artery. Conclusions: We are reporting a rare case report of symptomatic subclavian steal syndrome due to innominate artery stenosis. Patient underwent open brachiocephalic artery angioplasty and stenting which resulted in complete resolution of symptoms and equalization of blood pressure in both upper extremities. Disclosure: Dr. Kaur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sahni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marks has nothing to disclose.
Speeding up symbolic reasoning for relational queries

The ability to reason about relational queries plays an important role across many types of database applications, such as test data generation, query equivalence checking, and computer-assisted query authoring. Unfortunately, symbolic reasoning about relational queries can be challenging because relational tables are multisets (bags) of tuples, and the underlying languages, such as SQL, can introduce complex computation among tuples. We propose a space refinement algorithm that soundly reduces the space of tables such applications need to consider. The refinement procedure, independent of the specific dataset application, uses the abstract semantics of the query language to exploit the provenance of tuples in the query output to prune the search space. We implemented the refinement algorithm and evaluated it on SQL using three reasoning tasks: bounded query equivalence checking, test generation for applications that manipulate relational data, and concolic testing of database applications. Using real world benchmarks, we show that our refinement algorithm significantly speeds up (up to 100×) the SQL solver when reasoning about a large class of challenging SQL queries, such as those with aggregations.
Using in vitro model to assess stent-stent interaction in patients with coronary artery compression.

Background Percutaneous stent implantation in the coronary artery is a potential bailout option after coronary compression during Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement, but the structural integrity of the coronary stent in this environment is uncertain. Methods An invitro model was constructed to represent the interaction between coronary and outflow tract stents. One AndraStent, four CP stents, one Edwards SAPIEN XT valve stent and combination of AndraStent with CP stent were incrementally compressed against a coronary stent. The stent diameters were measured with a code developed in MATLAB. The relative decrease in diameter was calculated for each stent over a range of compression. Results In all combinations of stents, coronary stent lost significantly more relative diameter when compared with larger outflow tract stents. At maximum compressive amplitude, average percent decrease in diameters of AndraStent(r) versus coronary stent: 8.1 ± 0.8% and 36.5 ± 11.1% respectively. CP stent™ versus coronary stent, the decrease was 5.7 ± 0.8% and 45.2 ± 9.2% respectively. Combined CP stent™ mounted within the AndraStent(r), versus coronary stent: 3.9 ± 0.5% and 54.5 ± 4.2% respectively. Edwards Sapien stent versus the coronary stent: 1.7 ± 0.1% and 68.9 ± 1.1% respectively. Conclusion The relative deformation of the coronary stent was significantly higher than deformation of the other stents. Edwards Sapien XT valve stent has greater relative radial force demonstrated by the greater relative decrease in diameter of the coronary stent at final compressive amplitude. These results support the concern that coronary stenting in the presence of coronary compression by an outflow tract stent implantation is likely to result in a significantly compromised coronary lumen.
The Distribution Volume of 18F-Albumin as a Potential Biomarker of Antiangiogenic Treatment Efficacy.

Abstract Objective: 18F-albumin, a vascular imaging agent, may have potential to assess tumor responses to anti-angiogenic therapies. In these studies tumor distribution volume of 18F-albumin were ...
Machine Learning in Health Care: A Critical Appraisal of Challenges and Opportunities

Examples of fully integrated machine learning models that drive clinical care are rare. Despite major advances in the development of methodologies that outperform clinical experts and growing prominence of machine learning in mainstream medical literature, major challenges remain. At Duke Health, we are in our fourth year developing, piloting, and implementing machine learning technologies in clinical care. To advance the translation of machine learning into clinical care, health system leaders must address barriers to progress and make strategic investments necessary to bring health care into a new digital age. Machine learning can improve clinical workflows in subtle ways that are distinct from how statistics has shaped medicine. However, most machine learning research occurs in siloes, and there are important, unresolved questions about how to retrain and validate models post-deployment. Academic medical centers that cultivate and value transdisciplinary collaboration are ideally suited to integrate machine learning in clinical care. Along with fostering collaborative environments, health system leaders must invest in developing new capabilities within the workforce and technology infrastructure beyond standard electronic health records. Now is the opportunity to break down barriers and achieve scalable growth in the number of high-impact collaborations between clinical researchers and machine learning experts to transform clinical care.
A Solvent Effect That Influences the Preparative Utility of N-(Silylalkyl)phthalimide and N-(Silylalkyl)maleimide Photochemistry

The photochemistry of selected N-silylalkyl-substituted phthalimides and maleimides has been investigated with the aim of exploring the generality and preparative consequences of an intriguing solvent effect on excited-state reaction chemoselectivities and quantum efficiencies. An example of this effect is found in the photochemistry of N-[(trimethylsilyl)butyl]phthalimide 10, where irradiation in MeCN leads to production of a mixture of four products that arise by excited-state intramolecular hydrogen-atom abstraction. In contrast, the benzoindolizidine 15 is the sole product produced by a single electron transfer (SET)−desilylation pathway upon irradiation of 10 in 35% H2O−MeCN. Another example of this solvent effect is found in the photochemistry of the N-silylpropyl-maleimide 17. Irradiation in MeCN results in the production of the 2+2-dimer 19 whereas the pyrrolizidine 18 is generated exclusively by irradiation of 17 in 35% H2O−MeCN. The results of fluorescence and triplet sensitization experiments s...
Prediction and characterization of multiple extremal paths in continuously monitored qubits

We examine optimal paths between initial and final states for diffusive quantum trajectories in continuously monitored pure-state qubits, obtained as extrema of a stochastic path integral. We demonstrate the possibility of ``multipaths'' in the dynamics of continuously monitored qubit systems, wherein multiple optimal paths travel between the same pre- and postselected states over the same time interval. Optimal paths are expressed as solutions to a Hamiltonian dynamical system. The onset of multipaths may be determined by analyzing the evolution of a Lagrangian manifold in this phase space and is mathematically analogous to the formation of caustics in ray optics or semiclassical physics. Additionally, we develop methods for finding optimal traversal times between states or optimal final states given an initial state and evolution time; both give insight into the measurement dynamics of continuously monitored quantum states. We apply our methods in two systems: a qubit with two noncommuting observables measured simultaneously and a qubit measured in one observable while subject to a Rabi drive. In the two-observable case we find multipaths due to caustics, bounded by a diverging Van Vleck determinant, and their onset time. We also find multipaths generated by paths with different winding numbers around the Bloch sphere in both systems.
Utilization of tracheostomy among geriatric trauma patients and association with mortality.

The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in tracheostomy (TR) utilization among trauma patients over the last decade and explore its impact on mortality among elderly trauma patients. Patients 18 years or older with at least 72 h on the ventilator were selected from the National Trauma Databank research datasets 2007 to 2015. Patients were divided into three groups based on age: 18–60, 61–80, and > 80 years and proportions of patients undergoing a TR were depicted. Elderly (> 80 years) were divided into two groups, based on whether they underwent a TR. The primary outcome was mortality. A Cox regression model with a time-dependent variable was utilized to account for survival bias. Over the 9-year study period 284,774 patients met inclusion criteria. Of those, 21,465 (7.5%) were older than 80 years. Elderly patients were significantly less likely to undergo a TR (13.1% vs. 21.5% in the 18–60 years and 20.4% in the 61–80 years group, p < 0.01) and this trend continued throughout the study period. Among the elderly patients, those who underwent TR were more likely to have a severe (AIS ≥ 3) thoracic, abdominal, and/or spinal injury, but not head injury and were less likely to have a history of cerebrovascular accident (5.9% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.01). The overall mortality was significantly higher in elderly patients who did not undergo a TR (46.9% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio for elderly patients undergoing a TR was 0.36 (adjusted p < 0.01). In ventilated trauma patients, tracheostomy is less likely to be utilized in the elderly population compared to younger age groups. Amongst the elderly patients, performance of tracheostomy was associated with a significantly higher overall survival. Delaying or avoiding this procedure in the elderly trauma patient predominantly based on age might not be justified. Prognostic/epidemiological. III or IV.
Abstract P171: Gut Microbiota-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide is Reduced in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Introduction: Gut bacteria play a significant role in host homeostasis, and gut dysbiosis has been associated with many conditions including hypertension (HTN). Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is...
Insights into the energy landscapes of chromosome organization proteins from coevolutionary sequence variation and structural modeling.

Uncovering mechanisms of protein function is challenging when structural characterization of the functionally relevant states is elusive, for instance for large and flexible proteins which resist crystallization. This is the case for structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins and kleisin subunits which are crucial for the segregation of chromosomes during cell division but whose mechanism to organize chromosomes for replication is not known. The two most prominent multisubunit SMC complexes are cohesin and condensin, which form large complexes (more than 650 kDa for condensin) containing long antiparallel coiled coils, making them difficult to study by conventional crystallography or cryoelectron microscopy. Integrative structural biology techniques have arisen in response to these challenges which attempt to solve the puzzle by combining incomplete information from diverse experimental data with computational and theoretical results (1). In PNAS, Krepel et al. (2) use an integrative approach to understanding the mechanism of SMC action which incorporates evolutionary sequence analysis with molecular simulations based on an energy landscape optimized effective potential (AWSEM, associative memory, water-mediated, structure and energy model) along with crystallographic structural information and cross-linking experimental data to map features of the conformational and energy landscapes of SMC proteins. A complete atom-level structural model of several kleisin … [↵][1]1Email: ronlevy{at}temple.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Turning fear into pleasure: feminist resistance against online violence in the Global South

Gender-based online violence is pervasive, particularly affecting women, feminized bodies, and other marginalized communities. In this essay, I ask: What forms of political agency are flourishing a...
Comprehensive Approach to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are recognized complications of surgical procedures. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization increases the likelihood of developi...
Simulation of Pediatric Endoscopic Cricoid Reduction and Expansion.

Endoscopic cricoid expansion and reduction are newer approaches to the management of pediatric bilateral vocal fold immobility and postlaryngotracheal reconstruction glottic insufficiency, respecti...
Collaborative security regimes post-Brexit – estimating the potential for convergence based on the overlap in national strategic documents. A comparative study of EU27 + 1 and the US

Drawing on theories of international regimes and game theoretical approaches this article analyzes the level of overlap in national security strategies, seeking to explore the potential of converge...
The Zero Point of Extinction Toward Baade's Window

We measure the zero point of the Stanek (1996) extinction map by comparing the observed (V-K) colors of 206 K giant stars with their intrinsic (V-K)_0 colors as derived from their H\beta indices. We find that the zero point of the Stanek map should be changed by \Delta A_V = -0.10 +/- 0.06 mag, obtaining as a bonus a three-fold reduction of the previous statistical error. The most direct way to test for systematic errors in this determination would be to conduct a parallel measurement based on the (V-K) colors of RR Lyraes (type ab).
Arresting Batson: How Striking Jurors Based on Arrest Records Violated Batson

Almost thirty years ago, in Batson v. Kentucky, the United States Supreme Court held that prosecutors could not strike prospective jurors on account of the jurors’ race. In the most technical sense, striking a juror because of an arrest record could be considered “race neutral.” In practice, however, prosecutors use this reason to strike jurors to achieve the very end that Batson sought to prevent — a deliberately whiter jury. This Article explores whether, because of the racially disproportionate arrest rates of African Americans and Latinos compared to Whites, using a peremptory strike on a juror who is a person of color because of his arrest record or that of his loved ones, is contrary to the Supreme Court’s holding in Batson.Despite Batson, discrimination by prosecutors in jury selection persists. Because this type of discrimination can easily be masked with an excuse that on its face is race neutral, examining whether an excuse like a juror’s arrest records is one that is truly race neutral is imperative. This Article will explore whether, because of the racially disproportionate arrest rates of African Americans and Latinos compared to Whites, using a peremptory strike on a juror who is a person of color because of his arrest record or that of his loved ones, is contrary to the Supreme Court’s holding in Batson. Part I examines how race affects the likelihood that a person will have an arrest record. Part II provides background regarding jury selection and Part III examines Batson and its progeny. Part IV discusses the constitutionality of strikes based on arrest records. This Article concludes with the common sense suggestion that questions about arrests during voir dire should be precluded, as should the practice of using a person’s arrest record as the sole basis for the exercise of peremptory strikes.
DeepRegFinder: Deep Learning-Based Regulatory Elements Finder

MotivationEnhancers and promoters are important classes of DNA regulatory elements that control gene expression. Identifying them at the genomic scale is a critical and challenging task in bioinformatics. The most successful method so far is to train machine learning models on known enhancer and promoter sites and predict them at other genomic regions using ChIP-seq and related data. ResultsWe have developed a highly customizable program called DeepRegFinder which automates data processing, model training and genome-wide prediction of enhancers and promoters using convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Our program further classifies the enhancers and promoters into active and poised states to facilitate downstream analysis. Based on mean average precision scores of different classes across multiple cell types, our method significantly outperforms the existing algorithms. Availabilityhttps://github.com/shenlab-sinai/DeepRegFinder
A green hydrogen economy for a renewable energy society

A hydrogen economy has long been promoted as a ground-breaking aspect of a low-carbon future. However, there is little consensus on what this future entails, with some overly concerned about lack of demand and others disregarding hydrogen’s limitations. Here, we fill the need for a comprehensive definition of the ‘hydrogen economy’ and illustrate a vision in which hydrogen will primarily be used for decarbonization where no alternative exists. We propose a three-phase implementation plan for hydrogen into the industrial sector as a chemical feedstock, the transportation sector for long-range, heavy-duty vehicles, the buildings sector for heat, and the power sector for seasonal storage. We find that hydrogen will not be the largest energy economy, but with a projected need of 2.3 Gt H2 annually, it can decarbonize around 18% of energy-related sectors. In the long-term, hydrogen can complement renewable electricity and be the keystone to a 100% renewable future.
Uranium hydride corrosion. I New insights into the Condon-Kirkpatrick model of uranium hydride formation rate

Abstract An analytic solution to the uranium hydride formation rate equation of Condon and Kirkpatrick (CK) has been developed, which is directly solved via algebraic operations and requires only gaseous hydrogen (H2) pressure and temperature as inputs. The solution does not depend on the specific functional forms of the hydriding and dehydriding rate constants, nor of key physical parameters. A modified form of the CK model has also been developed, where replacement of the hydrogen solubility function results in an improved fit to published experimental data as H2 pressure decreases toward the corrosion threshold value.
From molecule to behavior: hypocretin/orexin revisited from a sex-dependent perspective.

The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) system in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus has been recognized as a critical node in a complex network of neuronal systems controlling both physiology and behavior in vertebrates. Our understanding of the Hcrt/Orx system and its array of functions and actions have grown exponentially in merely two decades. This review will examine the latest progress in discerning the roles played by the Hcrt/Orx system in the regulation of homeostatic functions and in the execution of instinctive and learned behaviors. Furthermore, the gaps that currently exist in our knowledge of sex-related differences in this field of study are discussed.
Sediment Transport by Wave Action

This paper summarizes the results of a continuing study at the hydraulic laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley on this subject, which is supported by the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) and which has resulted over the years in the Theses of Huon ti (1954), M. Manohar (1955), G. Kalkanis (1957, 1963), M. M. Abou-Seida (1965), M. M. Das (1968) and is at this time being continued by T. C. Mac Donald. All these researchers have greatly contributed to the success of this work while the author was mostly responsible for the continuity of the study. The aim of the study was to see if it is possible to establish for the description and prediction of sediment transport by waves a general system of approach similar to that which the author published in 1950 under the title '.'The Bed-Load Function for Sediment Transport in Open Channel Flows". ( It was hoped at the time that many of the basic steps of such a description may at least be similar to those used for uni-directional flow. It became apparent that such similarities of approach were quite feasible; but another difficulty became apparent from the beginning. While in the uni-directional flow many details of the flow, such as velocity distributions, boundary layers and turbulence had been, studied and described previously, such knowledge was almost entirely lacking for wave motion. The first part of the study consisted entirely of hydraulic measurements and of their analysis. In order to determine the necessary scope of such hydraulic studies, the analogy with sediment transport in uni-directional flow was used. Some of the principles governing uni-directional flow transport are: 1. Sediment motion can be divided into bed-load motion or surface creep and suspension. 2. While moving as bed load, the particle weight is to a large part transmitted directly to the nonmoving bed, not to the flow. 3. The rate of bed-load motion is defined by the equilibrium exchange of sediment between the bed-load and the nonmoving bed. 4. This equilibrium gives a direct relationship between the sediment rate and the flow conditions near the bed, including the turbulence. 5. The flow condition near the bed can be predicted for a uni-directional boundary layer as a function of the bed shear and the bed roughness, only.
The measurable support of the ankle joint by conventional methods of taping.

In this study, the support provided by four methods of ankle taping was objectively measured before and after exercise. Measurements were obtained by a cable tensiometer as the foot was passively moved in plantar flexion and inversion through the normal range of movement.The results clearly showed w
In vivo cyclic compression causes cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone changes in mouse tibiae

Objective Alterations in the mechanical loading environment in joints may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on articular cartilage and subchondral bone, and may subsequently influence the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Using an in vivo tibial loading model, the aim of this study was to investigate the adaptive responses of cartilage and bone to mechanical loading and to assess the influence of load level and duration. Methods Cyclic compression at peak loads of 4.5N and 9.0N was applied to the left tibial knee joint of adult (26-week-old) C57BL/6 male mice for 1, 2, and 6 weeks. Only 9.0N loading was utilized in young (10-week-old) mice. Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone were analyzed by histology and micro–computed tomography. Results Mechanical loading promoted cartilage damage in both age groups of mice, and the severity of joint damage increased with longer duration of loading. Metaphyseal bone mass increased with loading in young mice, but not in adult mice, whereas epiphyseal cancellous bone mass decreased with loading in both young and adult mice. In both age groups, articular cartilage thickness decreased, and subchondral cortical bone thickness increased in the posterior tibial plateau. Mice in both age groups developed periarticular osteophytes at the tibial plateau in response to the 9.0N load, but no osteophyte formation occurred in adult mice subjected to 4.5N peak loading. Conclusion This noninvasive loading model permits dissection of temporal and topographic changes in cartilage and bone and will enable investigation of the efficacy of treatment interventions targeting joint biomechanics or biologic events that promote OA onset and progression.
What is so Special About Eta-Meson Physics

The η is a remarkable particle as regards its production, interaction, and its various suppressed, rare and forbidden decay modes. Eta production is always large; near threshold it is dominated by 3 special S-wave resonances. The ηN and ηΛ scattering lengths are attractive and large; this has generated speculations about the possible existence of a new type of nuclear matter, bound or quasi bound eta-mesic nuclei and eta-mesic hypernuclei. η is an isospin singlet, η production is therefore an isospin selective reaction which is particularly helpful in baryon spectroscopy. π0 — η mixing causes intrinsic (non Coulombic) violation of charge symmetry, which allows for new measurements of the mass difference between the up and down quarks at different four-momentum transfers. The η is a Goldstone boson; this provides opportunities for unique probes of chiral perturbation theory. Finally, the η is an eigenstate of the charge-conjunction and CP operators; this makes possible a variety of tests of C and CP invariance of flavor-non-changing strong/electromagnetic interactions.
Case Study: The Myanmar and Bangladesh Maritime Boundary Dispute in the Bay of Bengal and Its Implications for South China Sea Claims

This paper seeks to review the pertinent Myanmar and Bangladesh history in overlapping maritime territorial claims leading up to the September 2011 International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) case: Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary Between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal. It will dissect the legal proceedings as primary source documents and apply the relevant judgement findings to analyse the implications for the respective countries and for South China Sea maritime boundary disputes. While the judgements of this case set certain legal precedents that may be more easily applied to bilateral disputes, the implications, nevertheless, impinge on multilateral claims as well. To the extent that the Bangladesh-Myanmar ITLOS judgement provides a pathway to third-party, independent, and peaceful resolution to the potentially explosive and escalating tensions in the South China Sea, this paper argues that findings are relevant, but limited.
The Method of Least Squares and Signal Analysis

Often one needs to describe experimental data with a mathematical function containing parameters that must be adjusted to give the best fit. The least squares method is one way to accomplish this goal. We use the least squares method to derive how to approximate a function by a sum of oscillating functions: the Fourier series. Fourier analysis is then developed in detail, including aliasing, Fourier transforms, the power spectrum, and the autocorrelation function. We show how to use these methods to analyze noisy data, and we explore how noise arises, considering examples such as Johnson noise and shot noise. We conclude with a discussion of stochastic resonance.