cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Dicarbollide Complexes of Uranium.

A series of new uranium complexes incorporating dicarbollide ligands (C{sub 2}B{sub 9}H{sub 11}{sup 2{minus}}) has been synthesized. The uranium(IV) bis(dicarbollide) complex [Li(THF){sub 4}]{sub 2{minus}}[U({eta}{sup 5}-C{sub 2}B{sub 9}H{sub 11}){sub 2}Br{sub 2}] was obtained from the reaction of UBr{sub 4}(NCMe){sub 4} with 2 eqUv of Li{sub 2}C{sub 2}B{sub 9}H{sub 11} in THF, and its structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Similarly, the uranium(III) complexes [U({eta}{sup 5}-C{sub 2}B{sub 9}H{sub 11})I{sub 2}(THF){sub 2}]{sup {minus}} and [U({eta}{sup 5}-C{sub 2}B{sub 9}H{sub 11}){sub 2}I-(THF)]{sup 2{minus}} were isolated from the reactions of UI{sub 3{minus}}(THF){sub 4} with different dicarbollide salts, and the structure of the related dimethyldicarbollide complex [(Ph{sub 3}P){sub 2}N][U({eta}{sup 5}-C{sub 2}Me{sub 2}B{sub 9}H{sub 9})I{sub 2}(THF){sub 2}] determined by X-ray crystallography.
Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows

Everyone talks about the weather, but no one does anything about it, an adage says. Similarly, many fluid mechanicians this century have sought to describe accurately the flow phenomena occurring when fluid moves past an object or irregular terrain, but usually the fluid model and/or the body shape had to be substantially simplified to make the problem tractable. In this new monograph, Peter Baines has really “done something about it.” He makes significant progress in describing the flow of homogeneous and especially stratified real fluid flows over uneven topography, whether it be ridges on a laboratory model or a real mountain.
Improving worker morale through the use of appreciative inquiry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine appreciative inquiry (AI) as an organizational development approach that aligns with Arab cultural factors to address the issue of employee morale in an Arab‐led organization.Design/methodology/approach – A brief literature review establishes AI's foundational theories and links with Arab cultural factors. An overview of the AI 4D model is then followed by critiques of the AI approach. The paper presents an application of AI to address the issue of low employee morale in a large oil refinery.Findings – A literature review of AI and Arab cultural factors and initial findings of an AI application in a Middle Eastern Arab‐led organization indicates an increase in employee satisfaction and initially confirms a complementary link of the AI approach to Arab cultural factors.Research limitations/implications – Critiques of AI center on appropriateness, repression of negative images, and unexpressed resentment. Despite critiques, a lack of dialogic discourse, and ...
Structural properties of work groups and their consequences for performance

Abstract Over the past several decades, social network research has favored either ego-centric (e.g. employee) or bounded networks (e.g. organization) as the primary unit of analysis. This paper revitalizes a focus on the work group, which includes structural properties of both its individual members and the collection as a whole. In a study of 182 work groups in a global organization, we found that structural holes of leaders within groups as well as core-periphery and hierarchical group structures were negatively associated with performance. We show that these effects hold even after controlling for mean levels of group communication, and discuss implications for the future of network analysis in work groups and informal organizations.
RNA POLYMERASE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Abstract RNA polymerase in cerebral cortex is higher than in other regions of the rabbit brain. The average activity of the brain nuclei is higher than that of the liver nuclei. During development, the activity of RNA polymerase increases with maturation.
The induction of microsomal electron transport enzymes

Liver endoplasmic reticulum contains an NADPH-dependent electron transport complex where the family of hemeproteins, termed cytochrome P-450, serve as catalysts for the oxidation of a variety of different organic chemicals. The content and inventory of the types of cytochrome P-450 is readily modified following in vivo treatment of animals with ‘inducing agents’ such as barbiturates, steroids and polycyclic hydrocarbons. Recent studies have applied the methods of molecular biology to evaluate changes in the transcription and translation of genomic information occurring concomitant with the initiation of synthesis of various types of cytochrome P-450. The ability to isolate unique cytochrome P-450 proteins and to prepare specific antibodies now permits the study of in vitro translation of mRNA and the preparation of specific cDNAs. The present review summarizes the historic background leading to current concepts of cytochrome P-450 induction and describes recent advances in our knowledge of the regulation of cytochrome P-450 synthesis in the liver.
Experimental study and clinical use of epinephrine for treatment of low cardiac output syndrome.

Epinephrine in doses of 0.5 to 1.0 µg/kg/ min has been shown experimentally to augment cardiac output, with increases in both hepatosplanchnic and peripheral blood flow. At these concentrations, the primary effect of epinephrine is cardiotonic, without measurable vasoconstriction. Larger doses produce significant vasoconstriction with a decrease in cardiac output and a reduction in peripheral venous return. The mean rate of excess lactate accumulation was noted to be increased during epinephrine administration in animals with intact circulation, in spite of increased peripheral and hepatosplanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption. With the heart and lungs functionally excluded by a pump oxygenator, low doses of epinephrine produced no "excess lactate," even though peripheral constriction was measured. Clinical experience indicates that continuous infusion of 0.1 to 0.5 µg/kg/min of epinephrine is effective in the treatment of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Apparatus for Recovering the Waste Heat of Blast Furnace Slag

Dry granulation, as a new process of molten BF slag treatment, is an attractive alternative to water quenching. The medium in the heat exchanging process is air which results in low efficiency. Therefore, the technique for waste heat of molten BF slag recovery is exploited. The waste heat is recovered by waste heat boiler which produces high pressure steam for generating electricity. The heat transfer characteristics of apparatus were investigated. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficient can reach 111W/ (m2•K) and the heat recovery can reach 90% at most. If slag granule diameter is less than 2.5mm and descending velocity is higher than 1.0mm/s, the cooling rate of slag granule is over 10K/s. Then slag granules can be used as nicer materials to produce Portland cement. When slag granule descending velocity equaled to 1.1mm/s and the flux of water equaled to 0.15m3/h, small quantity of steam appeared in the first and second row tubes. They proved the feasibility of this technique. The application of this technique has a significant social meaning.
Analysis of the conserved acidic residues in the regulatory domain of PhoB

The PhoB protein from Escherichia coli is a member of the two-component signal transduction pathway that controls an adaptive response to limiting phosphate. Activation involves its phosphorylation on a conserved aspartate. Site-directed mutations were introduced at conserved acidic residues. The E9D, D10E, D10N, E11A, E11D and E11Q mutants were each able to induce alkaline phosphatase under low phosphate growth conditions whereas the E9A, D10A, D53A, D53E and D53N could not. The E9Q mutant was constitutively active. Phosphorylation assays showed that only the E9D, E11A, E11Q and E11D mutants were phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate. Most mutants also displayed defects in magnesium binding.
Productivity in U.S. Food Processing and Distribution

Most productivity studies in agriculture have focused on the relation between farm inputs and farm output. Of equal importance, however, is productivity in the food processing and distribution sector. Farm output is an input into this process, similar to other inputs such as labor, transportation, and packaging. Technical change or increases in the levels of other inputs will, in general, increase the marginal product of farm output (Freebairn, Davis, Edwards). For example, a new beef-cutting machine will raise the marginal value product of beef and hence increase the demand for slaughter beef by processors. For this and other reasons, the efficiency of the marketing sector has long been of interest (French). The purpose of this paper is to define and measure productivity at the processing and distribution level by comparing Theil-Tdrnqvist (TAT) indexes of inputs and outputs. The use of TAT indexes is consistent with the assumption of reasonably general underlying production relations and follows the recommendations of the recent
Magnetic pair breaking in disordered superconducting films

A theory for the effects of nonmagnetic disorder on the magnetic pair-breaking rate \ensuremath{\alpha} induced by paramagnetic impurities in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors is presented. Within the framework of a strong-coupling theory for disordered superconductors, we find that the disorder dependence of \ensuremath{\alpha} is determined by the disorder enhancements of both the electron-phonon coupling and the spin-flip scattering rate. These two effects have a tendency to cancel each other. With parameter values appropriate for ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.1}$, we find a pair-breaking rate that is very weakly dependent on disorder for sheet resistances 0${\mathit{R}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\square}}}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}2.5 k\ensuremath{\Omega}, in agreement with a recent experiment by Chervenak and Valles. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Wafer-Level, Compliant, Off-Chip Interconnects for Next-Generation Low-K Dielectric/Cu IC’s

Demand for off-chip bandwidth has continued to increase. It is projected by the Semiconductor Industry Association in their International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) that by the year 2015, the chip-to-substrate area-array input-output interconnects will require a pitch of 70 μm. Compliant off-chip interconnects show great potential to address these needs. G-Helix is a lithography-based electroplated compliant interconnect that can be fabricated at the wafer level. G-Helix interconnects exhibit excellent compliance in all three orthogonal directions, and can accommodate the CTE mismatch between the silicon die and the organic substrate without requiring an underfill. Also, these compliant interconnect are less likely to crack or delaminate the low-K dielectric material in current and future ICs. The interconnects are also potentially cost effective as they can be fabricated using conventional wafer fabrication infrastructure. In this paper we present an integrative approach which uses interconnects with varying compliance and thus varying electrical preformance from the center to the edge of the die. Using such a varying geometry from the center to the edge of the die, the system performance can be tailored by balancing electrical requirements against thermo-mechanical reliability concerns. We also discuss the reliability assessment results of helix interconnects assembled on an organic substrate. Results from mechanical characterization experiments are also presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Coherent states for the “isotonic oscillator”☆

Abstract Gaussians are not, as a matter of principle, allowable wave functions for the “isotonic oscillator” system. Appropriate coherent states for nonharmonic potentials are minimum-uncertainty coherent states. Moreover, they provide a better approximation to the classical motion than do gaussians.
Teaching and learning to teach: roles, beliefs, attitudes, and interactions

The articles in Volume 19, Issue 5 of Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice center on pre-service and practicing teachers (among others) and have to do with their roles, beliefs, attitudes, an...
Synthesis and Characterization of the Monomeric Diaryls M{C6H3-2,6-Mes2}2 (M = Ge, Sn, or Pb; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2−) and Dimeric Aryl−Metal Chlorides [M(Cl){C6H3-2,6-Mes2}]2 (M = Ge or Sn)

The reaction of 2 equiv of LiC6H3-2,6-Mes2 (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2−) with GeCl2·dioxane, SnCl2, or PbCl2 in ether solution has resulted in the isolation of rare examples of monomeric, σ-bonded, diaryl derivatives M{C6H3-2,6-Mes2}2 (M = Ge (1), Sn (2), or Pb (3)). The compounds 1−3 are thermally stable, purple, crystalline solids with V-shaped geometries and remarkably wide (ca. 114.5°) interligand bond angles. The monoaryl metal chloride derivatives [M(Cl){C6H3-2,6-Mes2}]2 (M = Ge (4) or Sn (5)) were isolated by treatment of the appropriate dichlorides with either 1 equiv of LiC6H3-2,6-Mes2 or 1 equiv of the diaryls 1 or 2. The orange germanium compound 4 has a dimeric structure in which the monomers are linked by a relatively weak, 2.443(2) A, Ge−Ge interaction. In sharp contrast, its yellow tin analogue 5 has a dimeric structure in which three-coordinate tin centers are associated by asymmetrically bridging chlorides. The compounds 1−3 constitute a unique, structurally characterized diaryl series for Ge, S...
Evidence on Dynamic Loss Aversion from Currency Portfolios

Currency investors exhibit a tendency to cut risk by pairing both longs and shorts following losses and a weaker tendency to add risk following gains. By differentiating between position-level, portfolio-level, and aggregate cross portfolio losses in currency investments, the authors demonstrate that this dynamic loss aversion spans multiple frames of reference. Losses are not compartmentalized, but rather a loss in one currency may impact trading in another. The authors also show that while the impact of a loss on subsequent trading decisions does linger, the effect declines sharply after a losing position is closed.
The molecules of mammalian fertilization.

We thank Eduardo Almeida for figures, Nedra Wilson for comments on the text, and members of the fertilization community for helpful discussions. Work in our laboratories was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM48739, J. W.; GM25661, W. S.) and the National Science Foundation (IBN-9318708, W. S.).
Goal gradient effect of incentive motivation (K) manipulated through prior goal box placements

Four groups of 12 rats were run in a straight alley to test Spence’s (1956) hypothesis that incentive motivation (K) can be developed prior to the learning of a running response. The Ss received either 10 or 60 goal box (GB) placements, either rewarded or nonrewarded, prior to running trials. First trial running performance of the 60 GB rewarded group was superior to the other groups, especially on running measures taken nearest the GB. This superiority was maintained over the 10 acquisition trials, again mostly near the GB. The results supported Spence’s hypothesis, and the concept of generalization of rg - sg backwards from the GB.
Anorectic effects of amylin in rats over the life span

Amylin is a pancreatic peptide hormone that has been demonstrated to antagonize a number of the effects of insulin. This study demonstrated that amylin, when administered IP, decreased food intake in 4-month-old rats at doses of 50, 75, and 100 micrograms/kg. Amylin was slightly more potent at suppressing food intake at 13 months of age and less potent at decreasing food intake in 21- and 25-month-old rats, but the difference was not significant. These studies show that amylin is another peripheral anorectic peptide. They do not implicate amylin in the pathogenesis of the anorexia of aging.
Reactions of Selenium in a Quartz Discharge Tube. Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of New Selenium−Nitrogen and Selenium−Silicon Species in Solid Argon

New selenium−nitrogen species were produced by condensing the effluent from an argon/nitrogen/selenium microwave discharge onto a 12 K substrate. Nitrogen-15 and selenium-76 and −80 isotopic substitutions, photolysis, and annealing provided basis for identification of the new product absorptions in the infrared spectrum. A weak band at 951 cm-1 is assigned to SeN and the very strong 1019 cm-1 band to ν3 of NSe2 radical with a 146 ± 5° valence angle. A new 1570 cm-1 band in this system is due to the SeNO radical, and a 1771 cm-1 absorption, also made from Se2 and NO, is due to the (SeSe)(NO) complex. Higher-order SexNy (x > 1) species give rise to bands at 904, 736, 616, and 529 cm-1. The argon/selenium discharge in quartz has also produced the SiSe, SiSe2, and SeSiO species. Structure and frequency calculations using density functional theory support the matrix infrared identification of these new selenium molecular species. The most stable (NSe)2 structure is calculated to be the cis form analogous to (N...
Young Arctic frazil sea ice: Field and laboratory strength tests

Methods of conducting and analysing uniaxial compressive strength and deformation measurements in the field and in the laboratory by means of conventional and closed-loop controlled test machines, respectively, are described, plus procedures for sampling, shipping, storing specimens and microstructural studies. Reliable measurements of the rate sensitivity of strength and deformation modulus of young congealed frazil sea ice can be obtained irrespective of location. Observations of Poisson's ratio, its variation during the tests, and its dependence on rate of loading are discussed.
Interaction behavior of nitrogen in liquid niobium

The kinetics and mechanism of absorption/desorption of nitrogen in liquid Nb were investigated in the temperature range of 2470 °C to 2670 °C in samples levitated in a N2/Ar stream with various nitrogen partial pressures. The nitrogen solution reaction in liquid Nb was found to be exothermic, with the standard enthalpy and entropy of solution of −236.4 ± 23.3 kJ/mol and −-5.3 ± 8.3 J/K · mol, respectively. Above the threshold flow rate of the N2/Ar stream, the absorption process was determined to be second order with respect to nitrogen concentration, indicating that the rate-controlling step is either the adsorption of nitrogen molecules on the liquid surface or dissociation of adsorbed nitrogen molecules into surface-adsorbed atoms. The desorption process was found to be second order as well. At lower flow rates, however, the absorption rate was found to depend on the gas-phase mass transfer rate. The rate equation for nitrogen absorption in the range of 2470 °C to 2670 °C is given by\(\frac{{dCn}}{{dt}} = 2.290 10^3 exp \left( { - \frac{Q}{{RT}}} \right) \frac{A}{V} (C_{N_e }^2 C_N^2 )\) with the value ofQ calculated to be −327.2 ± 20.6 kJ/mol, while nitrogen desorption at 2670 °C follows the relation\(\frac{{dCn}}{{dt}} = 1.820 x 10^{ - 3} \frac{A}{V} (C_{N_e }^2 C_N^2 )\)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Evidence of Disorder and Motion in Yttrium Trideuteride

Three samples of ${\mathrm{YD}}_{x},$ with x ranging from 2.9 to nearly 3.0, were studied with deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance to gain insight into the locations of the D atoms in the lattice and their motions. Line shapes at low temperatures (200--330 K) show substantial disorder at some of the deuterium sites. Near 355 K, the spectrum sharpens to yield three uniaxial Pake patterns, reflecting a motional averaging process. However, the three measured intensities do not match the ratios expected from the neutron-determined, ${\mathrm{HoD}}_{3}$-like structure. This is strong evidence that the structure and space group of ${\mathrm{YD}}_{3}$ are different than reported, or that the current model needs adjustment. At still higher temperatures near 400 K, the Pake doublet features broaden, and a single sharp resonance develops, signalling a diffusive motion that carries all D atoms over all sites. The temperature at which line shape changes occur depends on the number of deuterium vacancies, $3\ensuremath{-}x.$ The changes occur at lower temperatures in the most defective sample, indicating the role of D-atom vacancies in the motional processes. The longitudinal relaxation rate ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ displays two regimes, being nearly temperature independent below 300 K and strongly thermally activated above. The relaxation rate depends on the number of deuterium vacancies, $3\ensuremath{-}x,$ varying an order of magnitude over the range of stoichiometries studied and suggesting that D-atom diffusion is involved. Also, the activation energy describing ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1} (\ensuremath{\simeq}{k}_{B}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5500 \mathrm{K})$ approximately matches that for diffusion. An unusual ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}^{\ensuremath{-}0.7}$ frequency dependence of ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is observed. A relaxation mechanism is proposed in which diffusion is the rate-determining step and in which frequency dependence arises from a field-dependent radius of the relaxation zones.
Sales manager support: fostering emotional health in salespeople

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of sales manager support in promoting the subjective well‐being of salespeople as well as the function of the sales manager in cultivating positive, motivating and productive environments.Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory assessment of the relationship between sales manager support and emotional health in salespeople was conducted by interviewing sales professionals from diverse industries. The insight offered from these individuals, in conjunction with prior literature, provided the basis for the development of a conceptual model that elucidates the impact of sales manager support on the emotional well‐being of salespeople and subsequently salesperson effectiveness. The model was tested using 154 salespeople. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.Findings – Results indicate that sales manager support is negatively related to emotional exhaustion and rumination, but positively associated with fostering positive worki...
Noncytoplasmic and filamentous appearance of calbindin-D28k and tubulin in double, indirect immunofluorescent staining of embryonic chick tissue.

Abstract Double indirect immunofluorescent labeling of embryonic chick tissue was undertaken for the vitamin D-induced calcium binding protein, calbindin- d 28k, and microtubules. Immunoreactivities for both calbindin-D28k and tubulin were found to exhibit a filamentous staining pattern in mesonephros, metanephros, intestine, and brain. In the intestine, staining was absent at 19 days, while immunolabeling of tubulin became evident at 20 days, and both antigens were present in 21-day tissue. In intestinal epithelium, as well as in 10-day metanephros, it was strikingly evident that cells either stained for both antigens or were negative for both calbindin-D28k and tubulin. In 11–12-day metanephros, an increased number of cells with both immunoreactivities were found. In 15–17-day brain, tubulin was evident within all cells but stained most intensely in Purkinje cells which were also positive for calbindin-D28k. Mesonephros from 4–5-day embryos revealed immunolabeling of both tubulin and the calcium binding protein. A statistical analysis of the various cell types revealed that the vast majority contained either both antigens or neither of the immunoreactivites. Of the more than 600 cells scored, none were found to be positive for calbindin-D28k, while at the same time negative for tubulin. It is concluded that calbindin-D28k exhibits a noncytoplasmic distribution in all tissues tested and that the filamentous appearance may reflect localization of the antigen in tubulo-vesicular organelles associated with cytoskeleton.
On the Inflation of Necessities

This paper argues that Kripke’s thesis of the necessity of origin has some implausible consequences.
Diet Modification to Reduce Fecal Excretion of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Growing-Finishing Pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine whether brewers rice can replace all corn in diets for swine and reduce fecal excretion of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) without compromising performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen Yorkshire x Duroc x Hampshire crosses (BW = 77±2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to either corn/soybean meal (CSM; control) or brewers rice/soybean meal (RSM) diet. Both diets were formulated to contain 14% CP. The RSM pigs had a greater reduction (p
Coagulation, fibrinolysis and angiogenesis: new insights from knockout mice.

Angiogenesis plays a key role in a broad array of physiologic and pathologic processes. Two major systems – coagulation and fibrinolysis – maintaining hemostasis, have recently been implicated in angiogenesis. Generation of mice deficient in components of coagulation and plasminogen systems has provided an extraordinary opportunity to define the role of each of these systems in vivo and to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis. It appears that several factors of the coagulation system, such as the tissue factor, the factor V and the thrombin receptor, play an important role in embryonic vessel formation, most probably in the formation of the primitive vascular wall. In addition, the plasminogen system appears to play a significant role in angiogenesis in adulthood, regulating the migration of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the degradation of the extracellular matrix and activity of the metalloproteinase system. These new revelations open a possibility for future therapeutic strategies to specifically control angiogenesis in different pathological processes where abnormalities of tissue vascularization are pathogenetically prominent.
Introduction to the Reviews

Welcome to my inaugural Book Review editorial column for the Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship. I have been asked to start with a brief introduction. I first started my librarian career...
Theoretical Interpretation of the Structural Variations along the Eu(Zn1−xGex)2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Series

The electronic structures of EuZn(2), Eu(Zn(0.75)Ge(0.25))(2), Eu(Zn(0.5)Ge(0.5))(2), Eu(Zn(0.25)Ge(0.75))(2), and EuGe(2) have been investigated using tight-binding, linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO) and pseudopotential methods to understand the structural preferences influenced by valence electron counts and to explain the observed homogeneity range of the AlB(2)-type phases as reported in the companion article. A crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis for Zn-Zn contacts in EuZn(2) suggests a possible homogeneity width for the KHg(2)-type phase, which is indicated from analysis of X-ray powder diffraction patterns. Total electronic energy comparisons, as well as density of states (DOS) and COHP analysis for a hypothetical Zn-rich compound, Eu(Zn(0.75)Ge(0.25))(2), indicate that two distinct phases, KHg(2)-type EuZn(2) and AlB(2)-type Eu(Zn(1-x)Ge(x))(2) (0.5 < or = x < or = 0.70), are more favorable than a single Zn-rich composition adopting the AlB(2)-type phase. Among 10 structural models of Eu(Zn(0.5)Ge(0.5))(2), the one with heteroatomic Zn-Ge interactions both within and perpendicular to the 6(3) nets is energetically the most favorable structure. The experimentally observed Zn-Ge bond distance is attributed to the contribution of both sigma- and pi-bond interactions. Zn-Ge, Eu-Zn, and Eu-Ge COHP curves of the minimum energy form of Eu(Zn(0.5)Ge(0.5))(2) show bonding character above the Fermi level and explain the observed wide homogeneity width of the AlB(2)-type phase. In the Ge-rich case, Eu(Zn(0.25)Ge(0.75))(2), the planar hexagonal nets are not energetically favorable due to the significant antibonding character of Ge-Ge bonding at the Fermi level. Structural relaxation using pseudopotentials also revealed that the hexagonal nets tend to pucker rather than being planar, in agreement with the observed incommensurately modulated superstructure. An electron localization function analysis for Eu(Zn(0.5)Ge(0.5))(2) reveals that there exists no two-center, two-electron bond or multicentered interactions between interlayer Zn...Ge contacts.
What does it mean to improve prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease

When improvement in prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease is the goal, the physician must be knowledgeable about the patient-related factors and the fact that therapies influence prognosis in such patients. Further, the clinician must be very specific in choice of therapeutic agents directed toward improvement of prognosis, and this process must include prescriptions of appropriate formulation and dosage.
Patterns of mitochondrial DNA instability in Brassica campestris cultured cells.

We previously showed that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of a Brassica campestris callus culture had undergone extensive rearrangements (i.e. large inversions and a duplication) relative to DNA of the control plant [54]. In this study we observed that after continued growth, the mtDNA of this culture continues to change, with rearranged forms amplifying and diminishing to varying proportions. Strikingly similar changes were detected in the mtDNA profiles of a variety of other long- and short-term callus and cell suspension lines. However, the proportions of parental ('unrearranged') and novel ('rearranged') forms varied in different cultured cell mtDNAs. To address the source of this heterogeneity, we compared the mtDNA organization of 28 individual plants from the parental seed stock. With the exception of one plant containing high levels of a novel plasmid-like mtDNA molecule, no significant variation was detected among individual plants and therefore source plant variation is unlikely to have contributed to the diversity of mitochondrial genomes observed in cultured cells. The source of this culture-induced heterogeneity was also investigated in 16 clones derived from single protoplasts. A mixed population of unrearranged and rearranged mtDNA molecules was apparent in each protoclone, suggesting that the observed heterogeneity in various cultures might reflect the genomic composition of each individual cell; however, the induction of an intercellular heterogeneity subsequent to the protoplast isolation was not tested and therefore cannot be ruled out. The results of this study support our earlier model that the rapid structural alteration of B. campestris mtDNA in vitro results from preferential amplification and reassortment of minor pre-existing forms of the genome rather than de novo rearrangement. Infrequent recombination between short dispersed repeated elements is proposed as the underlying mechanism for the formation of these minor mtDNA molecules.
An impedance based non‐contact feedback control system for scanning probe microscopes

We describe a non‐contact, non‐optical distance feedback control system for scanning probe microscopes that detects the surface damping of a vibrating probe. The feedback signal is derived from an electrical impedance change in a dithering piezoelectric element with attached scanning tip. The system incorporates an arbitrary‐impedance bridge that maximizes detection sensitivity of the surface damping‐induced impedance change as the tip approaches and interacts with the sample. In addition, an auxiliary circuit greatly improves reliability by making the feedback signal insensitive to the phase of the impedance change. The complete detection network can sense changes of −80 to −100 dB down to the level of 1 μV in a bandwidth of ≳1 kHz. The feedback system has demonstrated topographic height sensitivity of ∼0.5 A and dynamic range of ≳60 dB.
Hodgkin's lymphoma in an adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus

An adolescent female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis subsequently contracted Hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed cellularity type. Prior to the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma, hypogammaglobulinemia developed with IgG deficiency. The nephritis, which improved on steroid therapy, remitted entirely after nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) therapy. The hypogammaglobulinemia also remitted after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma. The literature concerning the association of SLE and Hodgkin's lymphoma is reviewed. The significance of this concurrence is discussed in regard to the possible pathophysiology and the clinical management.
Effects of snow removal and algal photoacclimation on growth and export of ice algae

Net growth of ice algae in response to changes in overlying snow cover was studied after manipulating snow thickness on land-fast, Arctic sea ice. Parallel laboratory experiments measured the effect of changing irradiance on growth rate of the ice diatom, Nitzschia frigida. After complete removal of thick snow (≥9 cm), in situ ice algae biomass declined (over 7–12 days), while removal of thin snow layers (4–5 cm), or partial snow removal, increased net algal growth. Ice bottom ablation sometimes followed snow removal, but did not always result in net loss of algae. Similarly, in laboratory experiments, small increases in irradiance increased algal growth rate, while greater light shifts suppressed growth for 3–6 days. However, N. frigida could acclimate to relatively high irradiance (110 μmol photons m2 s−1). The results suggest that algal loss following removal of a thick snow layer was due to the combination of photoinhibition and bottom ablation. The smaller relative increase in irradiance after removal of thin or partial snow layers allowed algae to maintain high specific-growth rates that compensated for loss from physical mechanisms. Thus, the response of ice algae to snow loss depends both on the amount of change in snow depth and algal photophysiology. The complex response of ice algae growth and export loss to frequently changing snow fields may contribute to horizontal and temporal patchiness of ecologically and biogeochemically important variables in sea ice and should be considered in predictions of how climate change will affect Arctic marine ecosystems.
The Effect of High Temperature Plastic Flow on the Superconducting Transition in A15 Compounds

Low temperature heat capacity measurements have been made on hot isostatically pressed Nb3Sn and arc cast, homogenized, and A15 transformation annealed V-23.3 at. pct Ga and V-18.1 at. pct Ga. The heat capacity measurements display the superconducting transition temperature (T c), and have been used to evaluate the effects of plastic deformation on theT c range. Plastic deformation to the extent of 15 pct compression at 1525 and 1650 °C does not alter the superconducting transition in polycrystalline Nb3Sn. Plastic deformation to the extent of 15 pct compression at 1050 and 1200 °C does not alter the superconducting transition in polycrystalline V-23.3Ga, transformed to A15 structure with a fifty-hour 1150 °C anneal. The same statement can be made for A15 V-18.1Ga, deformed at 1050 °C after a fifty-hour, 1150 °C anneal. With onlyfive hours annealing at 1150 °C, A15 V-23.2Ga displays a lowering and broadening of theT c range upon 1050 and 1200 °C plastic deformation. With onlyfive hours annealing at 1150 °C, A15 V-18.1Ga displays a broad, but increasedT c range after plastic deformation at 1050 °C.
An analysis of and intervention in the sexual transmission of disease.

Abstract Sexually transmitted diseases are a serious threat to the public health. Indeed, when an individual seeks medical treatment for a sexually transmitted disease, health authorities frequently attempt to identify, procure, and treat that individual's sexual contact(s). We conducted a comparative analysis of three alternative approaches to tracing the sexual partners of individuals diagnosed as having a sexually transmitted disease. The first approach involved counseling individuals (n = 27) infected with either gonorrhea or nongonococcal urethritis and exhorting them to procure their sexual partners for treatment. In addition to counseling, the second and third approaches involved distributing "occasion cards" for patients to use when informing sexual contacts of the need for treatment. Moreover, in the second approach, the counselor (a nurse or physician) informed infected patients (n = 19) that they and their partners could waive the $3 clinic fee contingent upon the partners seeking treatment within 1 week. In the third approach, the counselor asked infected persons (n = 19) to accept a follow-up telephone contact if their sexual partners failed to seek treatment within 1 week. The third approach was most effective. Ninety percent of the partners identified through this approach sought treatment, versus only about 60% of the partners in the other two conditions. The third approach was also the least expensive, costing about $2.95 to procure each partner for treatment.
Abstract 1181: Expression studies from the PVT1 region of 8q24

Several SNPs in the area surrounding the PVT1 noncoding gene region on human chromosome 8q24 have recently been found by Genome Wide Association (GWA) to be associated with susceptibility to a number of malignancies including Hodgkin9s Lymphoma and other diseases including Type II Diabetes and End Stage Renal Disease in Type I Diabetes. This genetically unstable region is one of the most frequent targets of retroviral integration of the Human Papilloma Virus Type 18 (HPV18 in Cervical Carcinoma) and is the frequent target of chromosomal translocation in lymphoid malignancies such as Non-Hodgkin9s Lymphoma [incl. Burkitt9s Lymphoma (BL) and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBL)]. Gene amplification in carcinomas such as breast, prostate, ovarian, colon, pancreatic, esophageal, as well as osteogenic sarcoma usually encompasses the proximal region of PVT1 along with its well-known neighboring transcript, MYC, whereas chromosomal deletion (in hematodermic NK lymphoma) affects the distal segment of PVT1. In a search for functionality to PVT1, many laboratories (including our own) have cloned and sequenced transcripts from the PVT1 region from many species in addition to human, with the conclusion that PVT1 is a noncoding or lincRNA with many alternatively spliced isoforms. We have systematically documented these isoforms with a particular focus on promoter and regulatory elements that are found in the region. Our laboratory has also identified a cluster of at least 6 miRNAs (miR-1204∼1208) that span the PVT1 region adding yet another level of complexity to the locus. To begin to assign some function to PVT1 based transcripts in these disease phenotypes, we have made 4th generation (CMV promoter with WPE enhancer) over-expressing lentiviral constructs containing either a large segment of PVT1 (Exons 1b-10) or the most proximal and abundant miRNA, miR-1204. These constructs follow earlier studies with a 3rd generation lentivirus (CMV promoter) containing miR-1204 that rapidly generated DLBL in cooperation with MYC or IL6 transgenes (∼16 days or 82 days respectively). While these results pointed to over-expression of miR-1204 playing a specific role in the development of B cell malignancy, additional studies with the LentiCMV-miR-1204 construct in other tumor cell lines (prostate and breast) also revealed potential phenotypic changes in cell proliferation and migration. With the new 4th generation constructs, experiments are now underway in cell lines and mouse models to determine if over-expression of miR-1204 or PVT1 alone is sufficient to induce phenotypic changes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1181. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1181
Randomized trial of thymoglobulin versus alemtuzumab (with lower dose maintenance immunosuppression) versus daclizumab in living donor renal transplantation.

Abstract Background We performed a randomized trial evaluating Alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, in living donor (LD) kidney transplantation. Methods Thirty-eight LD first renal transplant recipients were randomized into three single-agent antibody induction groups: thymoglobulin (group A); alemtuzumab (group B); and daclizumab (group C). In groups A and C, target tacrolimus trough levels were 6 to 8 ng/mL, with 1 gm mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) administered twice daily, and maintenance methylprednisolone. In group B, the target tacrolimus trough level was 4 to 6 ng/mL, with 500 mg MMF administered twice daily, without methylprednisolone. Results With 29/38 patients now followed beyond 36 months posttransplantation, we observed no graft failures and only one death with a functioning graft (in group B). Acute rejection episodes were low: 0/13, 1/13, and 1/12 patients in groups A, B, and C. Biopsy-proven chronic allograft injury was higher among group B (3/13) versus groups A (0/13) or C (0/12; P = .01). Poorer renal function was observed in group B; the mean calculated creatinine clearance at 3 months posttransplantation was significantly poorer: 63.3 ± 3.0 versus 85.4 ± 7.2 and 82.2 ± 8.2 in groups A and C (P = .01). No differences in the incidence of adverse events were observed.
First observations of flickering auroral roar

We present observations of ∼10 Hz pulsations in the amplitude of an auroral roar emission. These pulsations vary in frequency from 7–11 Hz and occur in groups which last for ∼1 sec with adjacent pulsation groups spaced from one to several seconds. We put forth that these pulsations reflect 7–11 Hz modulations in the distribution function of the auroral electrons, similar to those associated with flickering aurora. The radio observations provide an additional means of probing this phenomenon and in particular may put constraints on the form of modulations of the electron distribution function at the auroral roar source height of a few hundred kilometers.
Characterization of the mechanism of the NADH-dependent polysulfide reductase (Npsr) from Shewanella loihica PV-4: Formation of a productive NADH-enzyme complex and its role in the general mechanism of NADH and FAD-dependent enzymes

Abstract The NADH-dependent polysulfide reductase (Npsr) from Shewanella loihica PV-4 is a member of the single cysteine-containing subset of the family of disulfide reductases represented by glutathione reductase. We have determined the kinetics of the reductive half-reaction of the enzyme with NADH using stopped-flow spectroscopy and kinetic isotope effects, and these results indicate that the reductive and oxidative half-reactions are both partially rate-limiting for enzyme turnover. During reaction with NADH, the reduced nucleotide appears to bind rapidly in an unproductive conformation, followed by the formation of a productive E·NADH complex and subsequent electron transfer to FAD. F161 of Npsr fills the space in which the nicotinamide ring of NADH would be expected to bind. We have shown that while this residue is not absolutely required for catalysis, it does assist in the forward commitment to catalysis through its role in the reductive half reaction, where it appears to enhance hydride transfer in the productive E·NADH complex. While the fluorescence and absorbance spectra of the stable redox forms of the wild-type and F161A mutant enzymes are similar, intermediates formed during reduction and turnover have different characteristics and appear to indicate that the enzyme–NADH complex formed just prior to hydride transfer on the F161A enzyme has weaker FAD–NADH interactions than the wild-type enzyme, consistent with a “looser” enzyme–NADH complex. The 2.7 A crystal structure of the F161A mutant was determined, and shows that the nicotinamide ring of NADH would have the expected freedom of motion in the more open NADH binding cavity.
Spatial light modulator phase depth determination from optical diffraction information

A noninterferometric technique is presented for determining the phase modulating characteristics of spatial light modulators. Examining the far-field diffraction pattern intensity distribution for specific input functions enables the phase modulation to be calculated. Results are compared with usual interferometric techniques for a liquid crystal based modulator.
Using New Media in Teaching Greek Roma Students

In her article "Using New Media in Teaching Greek Roma Students" Fenia Frangoulidou discusses the use of media material as a supplementary teaching tool in a Roma classroom. Since 2011, Aristotle University has been running a European Union funded project that deals with a wide range of supportive measures for Roma students. Sociologists, social workers, and educators are the primary participants responsible for its implementation. In her study Frangoulidou discusses gender relations and racism and presents an analysis of the participation and interaction of six high school students in a mixed class of twenty-eight students. The purpose of the study is to acknowledge the significant role of media culture in creating a sense of belonging and participation and to use popular culture in developing young people's understanding of social values and cultural norms. Fenia Frangoulidou, "Using New Media in Teaching Greek Roma Students" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 15.3 (2013): Thematic Issue Literacy and Society, Culture, Media, and Education. Ed. Kris Rutten and Geert Vandermeersche
Allosteric properties and the association equilibria of hemocyanin from Callianassa californiensis.

Abstract The influence of magnesium ions, hydrogen ions, and oxygen on the monomer (17 S)-tetramer (39 S) equilibrium of the hemocyanin from Callianassa californiensis has been investigated. Data have been interpreted in terms of a theory integrating the allosteric equilibria and association equilibrium. Binding of oxygen and divalent cations by the hemocyanin has also been studied in terms of the theory, and the parameters in the model have been determined. The 17 S monomer, which contains six polypeptide chains, is found to be the allosteric unit which behaves as a self-contained co-operative system with allosteric properties. Both magnesium and hydrogen ions are shown to affect the association directly, whereas the effect of oxygen binding can be explained in terms of a difference in the allosteric equilibrium constant L ′ in the different associated states of the protein. It is shown that whereas the effect of oxygen on the monomer-tetramer equilibrium is easily observable, the converse effect of the association equilibrium on the oxygen binding curve is at the limit of detectability.
Student Risk Screening Scale: Initial Evidence for Score Reliability and Validity at the High School Level

This article presents findings from a study of the reliability and validity of the Student Risk Screening Scale for use with high school students (N = 674). Results revealed high internal consistency, test—retest stability, interrater reliability, and convergent validity with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire . Predictive validity was established across two academic years, with students at low risk for antisocial behavior differentiated on behavioral (office discipline referrals [ODR]) and academic variables (grade point average [GPA]) from students with moderate and high levels of risk. However, neither ODR nor GPA variables could differentiate between students with moderate-risk or high-risk status. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.