cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concept of the Ambulatory Pain Physician.

Given the growing number of ambulatory surgeries being performed and the variability in postoperative pain requirements, early discharge, and inconsistent follow-up, ambulatory surgery presents a unique challenge for this patient population and warrants the presence of an ambulatory pain specialist to evaluate a patient preoperatively and postoperatively to optimize patient safety and satisfaction. This article explores the crucial role that a dedicated pain physician would have in the ambulatory surgery setting. The prevalence of chronic pain, opioid use, and substance abuse is growing in this country, while ambulatory and same-day surgery have also experienced considerable growth. Inevitably, more patients with challenging chronic pain or substance abuse are having ambulatory surgery. Increased BMI, advanced age, more comorbidities warranting a higher ASA physical status classification, and longer surgeries are now all components of ambulatory surgery that contribute to increased risk too. Certain surgeries including breast surgery, inguinal hernia repair, and thoracotomy are at higher risk for the conversion of acute to chronic pain, and an ambulatory pain specialist would be beneficial for added focus on these patients. Multimodal pain control with non-opioids and regional anesthesia adjuvants are beneficial, while emphasis on a patient’s functional capacity may be more useful than quantifying the severity of pain. Despite the best efforts of patients’ primary care providers or surgeons, patients often are discharged with more chronic opioid therapy than they presented with, and an ambulatory pain specialist can help manage the complications and prevent further escalation of this opioid epidemic. An onsite anesthesiologist with interest in pain management in each ambulatory surgery center administering anesthesia and available onsite to deal with immediate preoperative, intraoperative, and recovery room would be ideal to curb and manage complication from uncontrolled pain and related pain issues.
Transparent Ultra-High-Loading Quantum Dot/Polymer Nanocomposite Monolith for Gamma Scintillation.

Spectroscopic gamma-photon detection has widespread applications for research, defense, and medical purposes. However, current commercial detectors are either prohibitively expensive for wide deployment or incapable of producing the characteristic gamma photopeak. Here we report the synthesis of transparent, ultra-high-loading (up to 60 wt %) CdxZn1–xS/ZnS core/shell quantum dot/polymer nanocomposite monoliths for gamma scintillation by in situ copolymerization of the partially methacrylate-functionalized quantum dots in a monomer solution. The efficient Forster resonance energy transfer of the high-atomic-number quantum dots to lower-band-gap organic dyes enables the extraction of quantum-dot-borne excitons for photon production, resolving the problem of severe light yield deterioration found in previous nanoparticle-loaded scintillators. As a result, the nanocomposite scintillator exhibited simultaneous improvements in both light yield (visible photons produced per MeV of gamma-photon energy) and gamma ...
The First Operation for Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy—Dr Dwight McGoon, 1972

The first operation for apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) was performed on September 7, 1972 by Dr Dwight McGoon at Mayo Clinic on a 16-year-old boy who was thought to have a cardiac neoplasm.
Neural Graphical Models over Strings for Principal Parts Morphological Paradigm Completion

Many of the world’s languages contain an abundance of inflected forms for each lexeme. A critical task in processing such languages is predicting these inflected forms. We develop a novel statistical model for the problem, drawing on graphical modeling techniques and recent advances in deep learning. We derive a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to jointly decode the model. Our Bayesian network draws inspiration from principal parts morphological analysis. We demonstrate improvements on 5 languages.
Photonic jets for highly efficient mid-IR focal plane arrays with large angle-of-view.

One of the trends in design of mid-wave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) consists in reduction of the pixel sizes which allows increasing the resolution and decreasing the dark currents of FPAs. To keep high light collection efficiency and to combine it with large angle-of-view (AOV) of FPAs, in this work we propose to use photonic jets produced by the dielectric microspheres for focusing and highly efficient coupling light into individual photodetector mesas. In this approach, each pixel of FPA is integrated with the appropriately designed, fixed and properly aligned microsphere. The tasks consist in developing technology of integration of microspheres with pixels on a massive scale and in developing designs of corresponding structures. We propose to use air suction through a microhole array for assembling ordered arrays of microspheres. We demonstrate that this technology allows obtaining large-scale arrays containing thousands of microspheres with ~1% defect rate which represents a clear advantage over the best results obtained by the techniques of directed self-assembly. We optimized the designs of such FPAs integrated with microspheres for achieving maximal angle of view (AOV) as a function of the index of refraction and diameter of the microspheres. Using simplified two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling we designed structures where the microspheres are partly‐immersed in a layer of photoresist or slightly truncated by using controllable temperature melting effects. Compared to the standard microlens arrays, our designs provide up to an order of magnitude higher AOVs reaching ~8° for back-illuminated and ~20° for front-illuminated structures.
Risk-based cost-benefit analysis for the retrofit of bridges exposed to extreme hydrologic events considering multiple failure modes

Abstract Bridges exposed to flooding, hurricanes, tsunamis, and other extreme hydrologic events have been observed to fail due to deck dislodgement, pier failure, or foundation failure. However, the risk assessment and retrofit methodologies for these bridges have typically only been developed around a single failure mode. This paper addresses this gap by integrating the three observed failure modes for bridges vulnerable to extreme hydraulic events into a comprehensive risk assessment framework. Through the use of an event tree, the methodology accounts for the different consequences of failure associated with different failure modes. Bridge management strategies are investigated to determine the effectiveness of the retrofit actions with respect to their benefit (i.e. reduction in risk) and costs. An illustrative example for riverine bridges under various exposure scenarios is presented. The risk assessment and benefit-cost analysis elucidate the need to incorporate all pertinent failure modes of the structure by highlighting the competing nature of different failure modes. The illustrative example shows that the effective management of structures is site-specific and, that the intensity of the hazard at the bridge location affects which management strategy is preferred. The sensitivity to exposure level indicates that the optimal management of the structure should incorporate considerations for potential future changes in the intensity and frequency of the hazard.
A Pilot Study: Promoting Understanding and Peer Success (PUPS) in the Campus Community

Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and is escalating in some populations, such as college students. Suicide is the 2 nd leading cause of death among college students (Caruso, 2018). The number one cause of suicide is depression (Caruso, 2018). Aim : The aim of the Promoting Understanding and Peer Success (PUPS) project is to explore innovative approaches to teaching and learning in a psychiatric mental health course and to provide early identification and intervention for students or staff who are identified as “at risk” for suicide, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Methods : Researchers are utilizing a qualitative approach when collecting data from nursing students involved in this study. The Nursing Students are asked to engage in focus group interview questions and to complete a self-reflection activity focused on the PUPS project. Results : Nursing students have conducted suicide, depression, anxiety and substance abuse screenings on approximately 500 campus student and staff participants thus far. Many of these screenings have resulted in distribution of educational resources, referral and follow up with counseling services. Conclusions : Researchers are continuing to collect data in the form of focused group interview questions, anecdotal comments, and end of the term course evaluations from the nursing students. Thematic coding is pending. Based upon anecdotal comments from the nursing students, the course faculty/researchers of this study believe the PUPS Project is successful.
Animal Models of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Early attempts to establish animal models for the study of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis and therapeutics were unsuccessful. In fact, Koch’s postulates for H. pylori as the causative agent of gastritis were first fulfilled in human volunteers rather than animals.1,2 Subsequent attempts to develop animal models followed two major strategies. First, gastric Helicobacter species other than H pylori were identified in natural or experimental animal hosts and used as models for H. pylori infection. In addition, efforts continued to establish colonization with H pylori in an animal host. Animal models that fall into both of these categories will be described below. To adequately assess and utilize an animal model, careful comparison to the pathology and progression of disease in humans must be performed. With this in mind, lesions described below will be compared to those of H pylori infected humans, with distinctions drawn where necessary. The utility of each animal model to the study of human disease will also be discussed.
Automatic Category Label Coarsening for Syntax-Based Machine Translation

We consider SCFG-based MT systems that get syntactic category labels from parsing both the source and target sides of parallel training data. The resulting joint nonterminals often lead to needlessly large label sets that are not optimized for an MT scenario. This paper presents a method of iteratively coarsening a label set for a particular language pair and training corpus. We apply this label collapsing on Chinese--English and French--English grammars, obtaining test-set improvements of up to 2.8 BLEU, 5.2 TER, and 0.9 METEOR on Chinese--English translation. An analysis of label collapsing's effect on the grammar and the decoding process is also given.
Abnormal erythrocyte endothelial adherence in hereditary stomatocytosis

Hereditary stomatocytosis is a red cell membrane protein disorder, which results in hemolytic anemia. Some patients with hereditary stomatocytosis experience dyspnea, chest pain, and abdominal pain, particularly after splenectomy. These symptoms may represent vaso-occlusion secondary to adherence of an abnormal erythrocyte membrane to vascular endothelium. We studied three members of a family with varying clinical expression of hereditary stomatocytosis. Adherence of red cells to endothelium was quantified by measuring the shear force required to separate individual cells from endothelial monolayers using a micropipette technique. Two patients with symptoms of in situ thromboses had a higher percentage of adherent cells compared with their asymptomatic sibling and normal controls. Correlation between this in vitro phenomenon and the clinical course suggests that flow abnormalities in the microcirculation attributable to erythrocyte endothelial adherence may play an important pathogenetic role in the illness. When the proportion of adherent red cells was reduced by a chronic transfusion program in one patient and pentoxifyllin therapy in another, the vaso-occlusive complications were eliminated.
Modularity of Asymptotically Optimal Towers of Function Fields

Elkies conjectures that all recursively defined asymptotically optimal towers of function fields over finite fields with square cardinality arise from elliptic modular curves, Shimura curves, or Drinfeld modular curves by appropriate reduction. In this paper we review the recursive asymptotically optimal towers constructed so far, discuss the reasons behind Elkies’ conjecture, present numerical evidence of this conjecture, and sketch Elkies’ proof of modularity of the new families.
Personal and Contextual Factors Associated With Successful Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Outcomes

Some individuals with disabilities have relatively better labor outcomes than others. If vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors can better understand what factors are correlated with positive ou...
Metabolic heterogeneity underlies reciprocal fates of T H 17 cell stemness and plasticity

A defining feature of adaptive immunity is the development of long-lived memory T cells to curtail infection. Recent studies have identified a unique stem-like T-cell subset amongst exhausted CD8-positive T cells in chronic infection1-3, but it remains unclear whether CD4-positive T-cell subsets with similar features exist in chronic inflammatory conditions. Amongst helper T cells, TH17 cells have prominent roles in autoimmunity and tissue inflammation and are characterized by inherent plasticity4-7, although how such plasticity is regulated is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that TH17 cells in a mouse model of autoimmune disease are functionally and metabolically heterogeneous; they contain a subset with stemness-associated features but lower anabolic metabolism, and a reciprocal subset with higher metabolic activity that supports transdifferentiation into TH1-like cells. These two TH17-cell subsets are defined by selective expression of the transcription factors TCF-1 and T-bet, and by discrete levels of CD27 expression. We also identify signalling via the kinase complex mTORC1 as a central regulator of TH17-cell fate decisions by coordinating metabolic and transcriptional programmes. TH17 cells with disrupted mTORC1 signalling or anabolic metabolism fail to induce autoimmune neuroinflammation or to develop into TH1-like cells, but instead upregulate TCF-1 expression and acquire stemness-associated features. Single-cell RNA sequencing and experimental validation reveal heterogeneity in fate-mapped TH17 cells, and a developmental arrest in the TH1 transdifferentiation trajectory upon loss of mTORC1 activity or metabolic perturbation. Our results establish that the dichotomy of stemness and effector function underlies the heterogeneous TH17 responses and autoimmune pathogenesis, and point to previously unappreciated metabolic control of plasticity in helper T cells.
Image-Guided Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube Placement is Safe in Patients Requiring Aspirin 325 mg.

Rationale and Objectives Requests for gastrostomy tube placement in patients on aspirin (ASA) 325 mg are common, particularly in patients following reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer, but periprocedural guidelines and recommendations regarding management of high dose aspirin are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess the bleeding risk of percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement in patients on ASA 325 mg. Materials and Methods This retrospective study of 213 patients who underwent image-guided “push” percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement compared rates of significant bleeding and other secondary outcomes (including all-cause mortality within 30 days, procedure-related mortality, bowel perforation, abdominal abscess, peritonitis, aspiration pneumonia, intraprocedural airway complications, and tube dislodgement) between patients maintained on ASA 325 mg and patients not on antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. Results No significant bleeding episodes occurred in patients on ASA 325 mg, compared to three episodes in patients not on ASA 325 mg (p = 0.37). A patient in each group had aspiration pneumonia possibly related to tube placement. There were no other notable secondary outcomes, including intraprocedural airway complications in this population with complex head and neck anatomy. Conclusion These findings suggest that holding ASA 325 mg in patients undergoing percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement is not necessary, especially in patients in whom holding ASA would pose considerable risk. Further multi-institutional longitudinal study is warranted to validate these results.
Media Control and Emancipation: The Public Sphere in Post-15M Spain

This chapter examines the rise of small, online media outlets in Spain after the 15M Movement. Through a combination of interviews and analysis, the chapter argues that these outlets largely emerged thanks to two factors: the comparative lack of media outlets on the Left-wing of the political spectrum and hegemony of El Pais, on the one hand, and the lack of reader confidence in established media, on the other. The chapter also focuses on how these new outlets have dealt with questions of financial sustainability, reader confidence, political identity, editorial independence, generational divide and cultural influence. The final part of the chapter explores why these new independent media in Spain are closely linked with the critical view of Spain’s Transition to democracy.
Energy-preserving, Adaptive Time-Step Lie Group Variational Integrators for the Attitude Dynamics of a Rigid Body

In this paper, we present an adaptive time step Lie group variational integrator for the attitude dynamics of a rigid body. Lie group variational integrators are geometric numerical integrators that preserve the Hamiltonian system structures and group structures concurrently. Here, the extended Lagrangian mechanics framework is used where time is treated as a dynamic variable and the numerical integrator is obtained from the discretized variational principle. The resulting adaptive algorithm conserves the total energy exactly, as well as the structures of the configuration manifold, symmetry, and symplecticity. Numerical examples of an uncontrolled 3D pendulum are presented to show the superior numerical performance of the adaptive algorithm compared to fixed time step Lie group variational integrator.
Tighter Lyapunov Truncation for Multi-Dimensional Continuous Time Markov Chains with Known Moments

Continuous Time Markov chains (CTMCs) are widely used to model and analyze networked systems. A common analysis approach is to solve the system of balance equations governing the state transitions of a CTMC to obtain its steadystate probability distribution, and use the state probabilities to derive or compute various performance measures. In many systems, the state space of the underlying CTMC is infinite and multi-dimensional with state-dependent transitions; exact analysis of such models is challenging. For example, the exact probability distribution of the number of jobs in the Discriminatory Processor Sharing (DPS) system, first proposed by Kleinrock in 1967 [4], is still an open challenge. Likewise, obtaining the exact state probabilities of quasi-birth-and-death (QBD) processes with leveldependent transitions is known to be challenging [1]; QBDs are infinite state space multi-dimensional Markov chains in which states are organized into levels and transitions are skip-free between the levels.
The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services: A brief review

The Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Human Services (PDC-HS) is an informant-based tool designed to identify the variables contributing to poor employee performance in human service settings, such as clinics, schools, and residential facilities. Upon completion of the tool, an intervention indicated by PDC-HS results is used to improve employee performance. To date, the PDC-HS has been used in a number of studies. This review describes the existing research on the PDC-HS and provides suggestions for future research.
Use of Ultrasonically Interdigitated Anchors in Haglund's Deformity Correction Surgery.

Haglund’s deformity is a common cause of foot pain, with high success rates of surgical intervention. Because early weightbearing rehabilitation correlates with better surgical results, the integri...
Loss to Follow-Up After Newborn Hearing Screening: Analysis of Risk Factors at a Massachusetts Urban Safety-Net Hospital.

Objectives This study examines the unique factors that influence loss to follow-up after newborn hearing screening for patients at a Massachusetts urban safety-net hospital. We seek to characterize our patient population, investigate correlations between patient factors and rates of follow-up, and understand gaps in care. Design A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients born at an urban safety-net hospital from January 2015 through May 2018 who did not pass the newborn hearing screening in one or both ears. A total of 197 infants were included in our study. Outcomes of interest included rates and latency of follow-up appointments, infant demographics (sex, race, birth weight, risk factors for hearing loss), and maternal factors (age, marital status, smoking status, number of children). Results From January 2015 through May 2018, 17% (n = 34) of infants were lost to follow-up. Of those who attended an initial audiology evaluation, the median time between screening and appointment was 29 days. Newborns were 3.5 times at risk of being lost to follow-up if their mothers smoked during pregnancy compared to those whose mothers did not smoke. Further, newborns with multiple siblings in the home were less likely to utilize any audiological services. High-risk infants, such as those with an extended stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, were found to have higher rates of loss to follow-up. Conclusions Our results indicate that patients at urban safety-net hospitals require increased support to decrease rates of loss to follow-up. In particular, strategies to aid mothers who smoke, have multiple children, or have high-risk infants can address gaps in care for newborns after hearing screening.
Breath-Enhanced Nebulization on the Dry Side of the Humidifier

Background: Drug delivery on ventilator circuits is difficult to control. In recent studies, our group has compared modern commercial nebulizers to breath enhanced technology (BET) with the goal of controlled drug delivery at all ventilator settings with and without humidification. Published studies revealed that BET successfully delivered controlled doses of drug with and without humidification. However, previous humidified experiments were performed with the nebulizer located on the “wet” side of the humidifier. A recent report found that this location is not tenable for any nebulizer because of excess condensation. The present study tested BET with the device located on the “dry” side of the humidifier. Methods: Using radiolabeled saline, in vitro inhaled mass (IM) and mass balance were measured in a conventional ventilator circuit (Vyaire Avea connected to 2 1-L test lungs) and humidified with an F&P MR-850 humidifier. An InspiRx i-AIRE prototype nebulizer was connected to the inspiratory port of the ventilator. This nebulizer is designed to remain in place between treatments with drug added via a capped side port. All ventilator gas passed through the nebulizer (breath-enhancement) and the nebulizer was powered by medical air at 3.5 and 5 L/min. Low (0.13) and high (0.34) duty cycles were tested at fill volumes of 3 and 6 mL. Results: IM ranged from 12-26% of nebulizer charge. Humidifier losses were negligible (3-5%). Circuit and ET tube losses totaled 15%. The major factor affecting delivery was nebulizer residual (30-50%) which was reduced to 30% with 5 L/min flow and 6 mL fill volume. Delivery data were similar to previously reported non-humidified BET nebulization. Conclusions: For breath-enhanced nebulization, the dry side location allows controlled drug delivery defined by nebulizer flow and fill volume during humidification with heated wire circuits. Condensation and humidifier losses were not observed.
Results on the CKM angle {$\phi_1$ $(\beta)$}

I review results related to the CKM angle $\phi_1$($\beta$). These results include recent measurements of CP-violation from the BaBar and Belle experiments in $b\to c \bar{c} s$, $b\to c \bar{c} d$ and $b\to s q \bar{q}$ processes.
Knee pain trajectories over 18 months in non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis

Pain is the hallmark symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA), and varies widely across individuals. Previous research has demonstrated both fluctuating and stable pain trajectories in knee OA using various time periods. Changes in pain assessed quarterly (i.e. 3-month intervals) in knee OA are relatively unknown. The current study aimed to investigate temporal variations in pain over a one and a half year period (18 months) based on quarterly characteristic pain assessments, and to examine differences in pain patterns by sociodemographic and baseline pain characteristics. The sample included a prospective cohort of 188 participants (mean age 58 years; 63% female; 52% non-Hispanic Black) with or at risk for knee OA from an ongoing multisite investigation of ethnic/race group differences. Knee pain intensity was self-reported at baseline and quarterly over an18-month period. Baseline pain assessment also included frequency, duration, and total number of pain sites. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct pain trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and pain trajectory groups. Pain trajectories were relatively stable among a sample of adults with knee pain. Four distinct pain trajectories emerged in the overall sample, with the largest proportion of participants (35.1%) classified in the moderate-high pain group. There were significant relationships between age, education, income, ethnicity/race and trajectory group; with younger, less educated, lower income, and non-Hispanic Black participants had a greater representation in the highest pain trajectory group. Pain remained stable across a one and a half-year period in adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis, based on quarterly assessments. Certain sociodemographic variables (e.g. ethnicity/race, education, income, age) may contribute to an increased risk of experiencing greater pain.
Culinary nutrition course equips future physicians to educate patients on a healthy diet: an interventional pilot study

Poor-quality diet is associated with one in five deaths globally. In the United States, it is the leading cause of death, representing a bigger risk factor than even smoking. For many, education on a healthy diet comes from their physician. However, as few as 25% of medical schools currently offer a dedicated nutrition course. We hypothesized that an active learning, culinary nutrition experience for medical students would improve the quality of their diets and better equip them to counsel future patients on food and nutrition. This was a prospective, interventional, uncontrolled, non-randomized, pilot study. Ten first-year medical students at the Wayne State University School of Medicine completed a 4-part, 8-h course in culinary-nutritional instruction and hands-on cooking. Online assessment surveys were completed immediately prior to, immediately following, and 2 months after the intervention. There was a 100% retention rate and 98.8% item-completion rate on the questionnaires. The primary outcome was changes in attitudes regarding counselling patients on a healthy diet. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary habits and acquisition of culinary knowledge. Average within-person change between timepoints was determined using ordinary least squares fixed-effect models. Statistical significance was defined as P ≤ .05. Participants felt better prepared to counsel patients on a healthy diet immediately post-intervention (coefficient = 2.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6 to 4.0 points; P < .001) and 2 months later (2.2 [1.0, 3.4]; P = .002). Scores on the objective test of culinary knowledge increased immediately after (3.6 [2.4, 4.9]; P < .001) and 2 months after (1.6 [0.4, 2.9]; P = .01) the intervention. Two months post-intervention, participants reported that a higher percentage of their meals were homemade compared to pre-intervention (13.7 [2.1, 25.3]; P = .02). An experiential culinary nutrition course may improve medical students’ readiness to provide dietary counselling. Further research will be necessary to determine what effects such interventions may have on the quality of participants’ own diets.
Historical Foundation of Plant and Groundwater Interactions

Phytoremediation can be broadly defined as the use of living plants to restore contaminated media to regulatory-mandated levels. Phytoremediation can be used to restore contaminated air, soil, surface water, and groundwater. In general, phytoremediation processes can remove contaminants through direct uptake by roots or leaves and can decrease contaminant concentrations by biotransformation in the root zone or plant tissues or through volatilization or sequestration. Because of the wide range of processes involved in phytoremediation, many terms exist that are used to describe specific interactions between plants and contaminants. Some include phytovolatilization, rhizoremediation, rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, and phytostabilization.
Production and recognition bias of stylistic sentences using a story reading task.

Four experiments examined participants' ability to produce surface characteristics of sentences using an on-line story reading task. Participants read a series of stories in which either all, or the majority of, sentences were written in the same “style,” or surface form. Twice per story, participants were asked to fill in a blank consistent with the story. For sentences that contained three stylistic regularities, participants imitated either all three characteristics (Experiment 2) or two of the three characteristics (Experiment 1), depending on the proportion of in-style sentences. Participants demonstrated a recognition bias for the read style in an unannounced recognition task. When participants read stories in which the two styles were the dative/double object alternation, participants demonstrated a syntactic priming effect in the cloze task, but no consistent recognition bias in a later recognition test (Experiments 3 and 4).
Mutant versions of histone H3 are defective for nucleosome reassembly and histone chaperone recruitment during transcription (944.3)

Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SER3 gene is regulated by transcription interference. In the presence of serine, transcription of SRG1 ncDNA is initiated upstream of the adjacent SER3 ge...
Endogenous enforcement and effectiveness of China's pollution levy system

The authors investigate two aspects of China's pollution levy system, which was first implemented about 20 years ago. First, they analyze what determines differences in enforcement of the pollution levy in various urban areas. They find that collection of the otherwise uniform pollution levy is sensitive to differences in economic development and environmental quality. Air and water pollution levies are higher in areas that are heavily polluted. Second, they analyze the impact of pollution charges on industry's environmental performance, in terms of the pollution intensity of process production and the degree of end-of-pipe abatement for both water pollution and air pollution. Econometric analysis shows that plants respond strongly to the levy by either abating air pollution in the production process or providing end-of-pipe treatment for water pollution.
Gender in Research on Language: Researching Gender-Related Patterns in Classroom Discourse

* TESOL classroom researchers have shown increasing interest in examining gender-related patterns of behavior in their work. This interest draws on and contributes to a burgeoning literature on gender and language. It is important, however, to bear in mind that genderrelated patterns dovetail with all the other dynamics of language behavior: Ethnic, class, regional, and age differences all affect speaking styles, along with such influences as sexual orientation, professional training, and individual personality. In designing a study of gender and language, it is tempting to isolate specific linguistic strategies or features, such as interruption, tag questions, indirect speech acts, amount of talk produced, and then audiotape classroom discourse and count up occurrences of those features in the speech of females or males. Conclusions about the "meaning" of these patterns often seem to follow almost self-evidently. But there are many reasons for which such an approach is not nuanced enough to capture the dynamics underlying gender-related or any other linguistic patterns. First, a linguistic feature that can be used for one purpose can also be used for another, even opposite, purpose. I will illustrate with a linguistic strategy that is particularly relevant to the TESOL class, in which students are likely to have very different cultural backgrounds and consequently very different assumptions and habits with respect to its use, that is, overlap-more than one voice going at the same time. I prefer the term overlap to the more commonly used term, interruption, because interruption is interpretive: It implies that a second speaker is violating the conversational rights of the first, and assumptions about
Coreografía de una matanza: memoria y performance de la masacre de Accomarca en el carnaval ayacuchano en Lima, Perú

On August 14, 1985, during the long internal armed conflict between the Maoist guerrilla group Sendero Luminoso and the Peruvian state, an army patrol entered the Andean town Accomarca, located in the Ayacucho region, and killed 69 indigenous people, including children and elderly, alleged supporters of the insurgent group. The majority of survivors and relatives of victims were displaced to Lima and integrated into the victims’ organization and the Asociacion Hijos del Distrito de Accomarca - AHIDA. Since 2011, on the occasion of the extradition from the United States of Lieutenant Telmo Hurtado, main person responsible of the massacre, the AHIDA has recreated the painful experience of the massacre through an annual Ayacuchan Carnival performance incor- porating choreography and testimonial songs to demand justice for the victims of the massacre. In addition, this carnivalesque performance involves children and young people who did not lived the massacre, but imagine, interpret and create their own memory by communicating with the survivors and participating in the cultural production of the event. In this article, I expose how survivors and relatives of victims remember the massacre and transmit their memories to their children through a carnivalesque performance. I describe the production of an intergenerational memory through the intergenerational transmission, which is constructed in the domestic space (family), the communal/institutional space (AHIDA), and the public space (Carnival). Surely, the occasion of the Carnival is a powerful spacefor the production of other forms of memory, and for the demand for justice through participatory choreographic and musical performance.
Null Plane Field Theory

The purpose of these lectures is to present a coherent and logically consistent introduction into null plane field theory starting from first principles. We are dealing here with a well known subject to which have been added many new twists. The null planes open a variety of new aspects which are only beginning to be explored, the whole topic being just a few years old. Much of the material can be found in the published literature, especially where very recent publications are included; but there will also be a number of unpublished results making their first appearance.
Whale ankles and evolutionary relationships

There are two main hypotheses for the relationships of the mammalian order Cetacea (comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises). The first hypothesis, mainly supported by DNA sequence data1,2, is that one of the groups of artiodactyls (for example, the hippopotamids) is the closest extant relative of whales and that Artiodactyla are paraphyletic if Cetacea are excluded from it. The second hypothesis, mainly supported by palaeontological data3,4, identifies mesonychians, a group of extinct archaic ungulates, as the sister group to whales. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, because mesonychians and cetaceans could be sister groups, and this combined clade (Cete) could be the sister group to a group of artiodactyls.
Non‐Covalent Photo‐Patterning of Gelatin Matrices Using Caged Collagen Mimetic Peptides

To address the downside of conventional photo-patterning which can alter the chemical composition of protein scaffolds, we developed a non-covalent photo-patterning strategy for gelatin (denatured collagen) hydrogels that utilizes UV activated triple helical hybridization of caged collagen mimetic peptide (caged CMP). Here we present 2D and 3D photo-patterning of gelatin hydrogels enabled by the caged CMP derivatives, as well as creation of concentration gradients of CMPs. CMP's specificity for binding to gelatin allows patterning of almost any synthetic or natural gelatin-containing matrix, such as gelatin-methacrylate hydrogels and corneal tissues. This is a radically new tool for immobilizing drugs to natural tissues and for functionalizing scaffolds for complex tissue formation.
A review of evaluation of attributes for selecting advanced manufacturing technologies

This paper reviews the attributes used for selecting advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT). The early studies consisted of either case studies or field surveys. Later, several researchers started to identify different impact areas. The attributes used were found to be grouped under three major impact areas: technology, organization and market.
Finfet with isolated n+ and p+ gate regions strapped with metal and polysilicon

A vertical double gate MOSFET structure with a new gate stack architecture has been demonstrated. The gate stack consists of two isolated polysilicon regions that are doped N+ and P+ with a metal/polysilicon strap connecting the doped regions. The device has an undoped channel yet performs as an enhancement mode MOSFET due to the asymetric doping of the gate regions on either side of the channel. The advantages of this structure include: 1) reduction of the Vt variations caused by dopant fluctuation in the channel region; 2) enhanced mobility due to an undoped channel region; 3) flexibility to adjust Vt across a wide range from depletion mode to very high Vt depending on the application; 4) lower interconnect resistance due to the use of metal/polysilicon gate components; 5) better manufacturability due to easier patterning of gate over spacer. The devices are enhancement mode with Vt /spl sim/=(0.1-0.3V) at 100 nm gate length and channel thickness of less than 30 nm gate length and height 100 nm tall have been demonstrated. Functional devices at the 100 nm gate have Ion=191 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m, Vt=0.3 V Ioff =0.5 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m, SS=94 mV/decade. A different device with different implant dose and drive demonstrated Vt=0.15 V and SS=80mV/decade at Lgate=0.25 /spl mu/m.
Effects of buffer concentration on voltage-gated H+ currents: does diffusion limit the conductance?

The single-channel proton conductance of the voltage-gated H(+)-selective channel, like that of the F0 component of the H(+)-ATPase, is nearly constant over a wide range of pH encompassing the physiological range. To examine the possible contributions of buffer diffusion and buffer-channel proton transfer reactions to this phenomenon, the effects of buffer concentration on voltage-activated H+ currents were explored in voltage-clamped rat alveolar epithelial cells. Changes in the external buffer concentration ([B]o), evaluated using the whole-cell configuration, had only small effects on H+ currents (IH). Lowering [B]o from 100 to 1 mM did not alter the voltage-activation curve or reversal potential (Vrev) but reduced IH, typically by 10–30%. Changes in internal buffer concentration ([B]i), examined in inside-out patches, usually altered IH more distinctly and subtly changed the kinetics. Overall, the effects of changing buffer concentration were small and subtle. The maximum attenuation of the single-channel H+ current at 1 mM buffer was estimated to be approximately 20% at either mouth of the H+ channel. Therefore, the rate-determining step in H+ permeation is neither deprotonation of buffer at the inner mouth of the channel nor protonation of buffer at the external surface. Evidently the rate of H+ permeation through the channel is itself small enough that diffusion of buffer in bulk solution does not directly limit the conductance significantly.
A New Tolerance Test as a Guide to Clinical Heparin Therapy

It is a common clinical observation that the response to a specific dose of heparin in a retarding menstruum is unpredictable. The fallacy of using weight as a guide to dosage is well shown by the results here reported. To simplify the approach to a therapeutic regimen, it seemed advisable to assess all of the variables in an individual patient by the administration of a test dose of intravenous heparin. A dosage schedule is outlined, based on the response to the tolerance test, which proved accurate in 105 patients and requires the performance of only one coagulation time every 24 to 36 hours.
The effect of stimulus bandwidth on the nonlinear-derived tone-burst-evoked otoacoustic emission.

Intermodulation distortion has been hypothesized as a mechanism contributing to the generation of short-latency (SL) components in the transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE). Presumably, nonlinear interactions between the frequency components within the evoking stimulus induce cochlear distortion products, which mix in the cochlea and ear canal with reflected energy from each stimulus-frequency’s tonotopic place. The mixing of these different components is evidenced in the bandpass-filtered emission waveform as a series of different latency peaks. The current study tested the hypothesis that intermodulation distortion, induced within the spectral bandwidth of the evoking stimulus, is the primary mechanism through which the SL components are generated. The nonlinear-derived tone-burst-evoked OAE (TBOAEnl) was evoked using 2-kHz tone bursts with durations of 3, 6, 12, and 24 cycles. As tone burst duration doubled, the spectral bandwidth was halved. It was hypothesized that contributions to the TBOAEnl from SL components would decrease as tone burst duration increased and spectral bandwidth decreased, if the SL components were generated through intermodulation distortion. Despite differences in spectral bandwidth between the evoking stimuli, the latencies and magnitudes of the different latency components between the 3- and 6-cycle TBOAEnl were comparable. The 12- and 24-cycle TBOAEnl envelopes were characteristic of destructive phase interactions between different latency components overlapping in time. The different latency components in the 3- and 6-cycle TBOAEnl introduced a characteristic level dependency to TBOAEnl magnitude and latency when analyzed across a broad time window spanning the different components. A similar dependency described the 12- and 24-cycle TBOAEnl input/output and latency-intensity functions, suggesting that the SL components evident in the shorter-duration TBOAEnl equally contributed to the longer-duration TBOAEnl, despite reductions in spectral bandwidth. The similarity between the different TBOAEnl suggests that they share a common generation mechanism and casts doubt on intermodulation distortion as the generation mechanism of SL TEOAE components in humans.
A Summing Up

I. The simplest Austrian and more general models, 568. â€” II. Why reswitching can occur, 571. â€” III. Reswitching in a durable-machine model, 573. â€” IV. The well-behaved factor-price frontier, 574. â€” V. Unconventional relation of total product and interest, 576. â€” VI. Unconventional capital/output ratios, 577. â€” VII. Reverse capital deepening and denial of diminishing returns, 579. â€” VIII. Conclusion, 582.
Disruption of a coronal streamer by an eruptive prominence and coronal mass ejection

The coronal mass ejection of August 18, 1980 is analyzed using images from the coronagraph on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite. The event occurred at the site of a large coronal helmet streamer and evolved into the three-part structure of a bright frontal shell, followed by a relatively dark space surrounding a bright filamentary core as seen in many mass ejections of the SMM epoch. The bright core can be identified as material from a prominence whose eruption was observed from the ground. The mass of the frontal shell is equal to that of the coronal helmet streamer, indicating that the shell is the coronal material previously in the helmet streamer, displaced and set into motion by the erupting prominence and surrounding cavity. The mass ejected in the bright core (or prominences) is estimated to be 50 percent larger than the 'coronal' material in the front loop.
Helix-destabilizing properties of the human single-stranded DNA- and RNA-binding protein purα

Puralpha is a ubiquitous nucleic acid-binding protein which has been implicated in the control of eukaryotic gene transcription. Further, Puralpha associates with DNA sequences positioned in close proximity to viral and cellular origins of replication suggesting a role for this protein in DNA replication. As initiation of transcription and replication require alteration in the structure of duplex DNA, we investigated the DNA unwinding activity of this single-stranded nucleic acid-binding protein. Here we demonstrate that Puralpha has the ability to displace an oligonucleotide annealed to single-stranded M13 DNA. The helix unwinding activity of Puralpha was dose-, time- and temperature-dependent and ATP-independent. Results from mapping studies revealed that the central region of Puralpha, spanning amino acids 72-274, was important for the helix-destabilizing activity of this protein. The region of Puralpha which was involved in the helix-destabilizing activity mapped to the DNA-binding domain of this protein. Results from heat inactivation experiments demonstrated that the helix-destabilizing activity of Puralpha correlates with its capacity to interact with DNA containing the PUR element. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Puralpha possesses helix-destabilizing activity and that this activity maps to and correlates with its ability to interact with DNA.
Rate Constants for Reactions of O(1D) with Partially Fluorinated Ethers, E143A (CH3OCF3), E134 (CHF2OCHF2), and E125 (CHF2OCF3)

The rate constants for the reaction of O({sup 1}D) with CH{sub 3}OCF{sub 3} (E143a), CHF{sub 2}OCHF{sub 2} (E134), and CHF{sub 2}OCF{sub 3} (E125) have been measured at 298 K using the relative rate method relative to CH{sub 4}, CH{sub 3}F, and CH{sub 2}F{sub 2}. The results are discussed with respect to previous literature data. For E143a, E134, and E125 the 298 K rate constants have been determined to be (1.0 {+-} 0.3) {times} 10{sup {minus}10}, (2.4 {+-} 0.7) {times} 10{sup {minus}11} and (1.5 {+-} 0.6) {times} 10{sup {minus}11}cm{sup 3} molecule{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1}, respectively. The authors find that reaction with O({sup 1}D) may be a significant loss mechanism for E125 and E134 in the atmosphere.