cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Research of an Integrated Platform System for Management and Control

This paper describes the current status of power communication systems, problems and solutions, proposed to build an integrated platform system for communications management and control.The integrated platform system is divided into four parts: Comprehensive Monitoring Subsystem, Resource Management Subsystem, Operation and Maintenance Management Subsystem, Security Management and Control Subsystem, which can monitor the resource, operation and maintenance, and security controls etc.This system can implement communication professional management, process management, user management, daily operation, maintenance work management standardization, process and automation; promote systematic and integrated for communication network, improve service management level and efficiency of operation and maintenance; and provide better support and protection for developing the grid and the smart grid.
Discrete connection Laplacians

SVETOSLAV ZAHARIEVAbstract. To every Hermitian vector bundle with connection over a compactRiemannian manifold M one can associate a corresponding connection Lapla-cian acting on the sections of the bundle. We deﬁne analogous combinatorial,metric dependent Laplacians associated to triangulations of M and prove thattheir spectra converge, as the mesh of the triangulations approaches zero, tothe spectrum of the connection Laplacian.
Cycloheptatriene syntheses through rhodium(II) acetate-catalyzed intramolecular addition reactions of N-benzyldiazoacetamides

Abstract Rhodium(II) acetate catalyzes high yield intramolecular conversions of N -benzyldiazoacetamides to azabicyclo[5.3.0]decatrienones, and the controlling influences of amide substituents on this transformation have been determined.
Breakup of liquid sheets and jets in a supersonic gas stream

Experimental and analytical results are presented with the objective of denning the mechanism of liquid sheet and j et breakup when subj ected to a supersonic gas stream. Liquid sheets are studied with photomicrographs and high-speed movies of the activity of a liquid layer maintained upon a porous plate test model in a parallel Macli 2.2 freestream. Tests with several different liquids show wave motion, with droplet and ligament shedding across the liquid surface. Numerical results from a liquid surface stability analysis are used to explain these observations. Liquid jets are studied with spark shadowgraphs, high-speed movies and photomicrographs of the normal injection of various liquids into a Mach 2.1 freestream. The results show that the breakup mechanism is characterized by gross jet fracture, as opposed to surface disintegration. 'the degree of breakup at a given streamwise location and jet spread after injection are found to be related to injection diameter and dynamic pressure, and certain liquid properties.
Multivariate statistical simulation

Univariate Distributions and Their Generation. Multivariate Generation Techniques. Multivariate Normal and Related Distributions. Johnson's Translation System. Elliptically Contoured Distributions. Circular, Spherical and Related Distributions. Khintchine Distributions. Miscellaneous Distributions. Research Directions. References. Supplementary References. Index.
What Works at Work: Six Lessons for the Classroom

The main purpose of this article is to help teaching faculty discover ways to improve the design and delivery of their courses. University faculty can learn much about the practice of teaching from their human resources development counterparts in business and industry who are responsible for designing and conducting training programs for working adults. The primary emphasis of the article is therefore directed toward specific training techniques and how they have been applied in actual training and classroom situations. The article's basic structure is organized around “lessons.” Every lesson is followed by one or more suggestions for its application.
Institutions in agricultural development

Institutions in agricultural development , Institutions in agricultural development , کتابخانه دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
Pessimism Reduction in Coupling-Aware Static Timing Analysis Using Timing and Logic Filtering

With continued scaling of technology into nanometer regimes, the impact of coupling induced delay variations is significant. While several coupling-aware static timers have been proposed, the results are often pessimistic with many false failures. We present an integrated iterative timing filtering and logic filtering based approach to reduce pessimism. We use a realistic coupling model based on arrival times and slews, and show that non-iterative pessimism reduction algorithms proposed in previous research may give potentially non-conservative timing results. On a functional block from an industrial 65 nm microprocessor, our algorithm produced a maximum pessimism reduction of 11.18% of cycle time over converged timing filtering analysis that does not consider logic constraints.
Linear optimization with cones of moments and nonnegative polynomials

Let $$\mathcal {A}$$A be a finite subset of $$\mathbb {N}^n$$Nn and $$\mathbb {R}[x]_{\mathcal {A}}$$R[x]A be the space spanned by monomials $$x^\alpha $$x? with $$\alpha \in \mathcal {A}$$??A. Let $$K$$K be a compact semialgebraic set of $$\mathbb {R}^n$$Rn such that a polynomial in $$\mathbb {R}[x]_{\mathcal {A}}$$R[x]A is positive on $$K$$K. Denote by $$\fancyscript{P}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$PA(K) the cone of polynomials in $$\mathbb {R}[x]_{\mathcal {A}}$$R[x]A that are nonnegative on $$K$$K. The dual cone of $$\fancyscript{P}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$PA(K) is $$\fancyscript{R}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$RA(K), the set of all truncated moment sequences in $$\mathbb {R}^{\mathcal {A}}$$RA that admit representing measures supported in $$K$$K. First, we study geometric properties of the cones $$\fancyscript{P}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$PA(K) and $$\fancyscript{R}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$RA(K) (like interiors, closeness, duality, memberships), and construct a convergent hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations for each of them. Second, we propose a semidefinite algorithm for solving linear optimization problems with the cones $$\fancyscript{P}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$PA(K) and $$\fancyscript{R}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$RA(K), and prove its asymptotic and finite convergence. Third, we show how to check whether $$\fancyscript{P}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$PA(K) and $$\fancyscript{R}_{\mathcal {A}}(K)$$RA(K) intersect affine subspaces; if they do, we show how to get a point in the intersections; if they do not, we prove certificates for the empty intersection.
Proper Motion of Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidals from Line-of-Sight Velocities

Proper motions for several Milky Way dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies have been determined using both ground- and space-based imaging. These measurements require long baselines and repeat observations, and typical errors are of order 10 mas century−1. In this Letter, we utilize the effect of "perspective rotation" to show that the systematic proper motion of some dSphs can be determined to a similar precision using only stellar line-of-sight velocities. We show that including the effects of small intrinsic rotation in dSphs increases the proper motion errors by about a factor of 2. We provide error projections for future data sets and show that proposed 30 m class telescopes will measure the proper motion of a few dSphs with mas century−1 precision.
Delamination buckling and postbuckling of composite cylindrical shells

A higher-order shear deformation theory is developed for accurately evaluating the transverse shear effects in delamination buckling and postbuckling of cylindrical shells under axial compression. The theory assures an accurate description of displacement field and the satisfaction of stress-free boundary conditions for the delamination problem. The governing differential equations of the present theory are obtained by applying the principle of virtual displacement. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to solve both linear and nonlinear equations by assuming a double trigonometric series for the displacements. Both linearized buckling analysis and nonlinear postbuckling analysis are performed for axially compressed cylindrical shells with clamped ends. Comparisons made with the classical laminate theory and a first-order theory show significant deviations.
The Role of COX‐2 in Intestinal Cancer

ABSTRACT Cyclooxygenase (COX), the key regulatory enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis is transcribed from two distinct genes. COX-1 is expressed constitutively in most tissues, and COX-2 is induced by a wide variety of stimuli and was initially identified as an immediate-early growth response gene. In addition, COX-2 expression is markedly increased in 85–90% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas, whereas COX-1 levels remain unchanged. Several epidemiological studies have reported a 40–50% reduction in the risk of developing colorectal cancer in persons who chronically take such nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as aspirin, which are classic inhibitors of cyclooxygenase. Genetic evidence also supports a role for COX-2, since mice null for COX-2 have an 86% reduction in tumor multiplicity in a background containing a mutated APC allele. These results strongly suggest that COX-2 contributes to the development of intestinal tumors and that inhibition of COX is chemopreventative.
Some open problems and conjectures on submanifolds of finite type: recent development

Submanifolds of finite type were introduced by the author during the late 1970s. The first results on this subject were collected in author's books [26,29]. In 1991, a list of twelve open problems and three conjectures on finite type submanifolds was published in [40]. A detailed survey of the results, up to 1996, on this subject was given by the author in [48]. Recently, the study of finite type submanifolds, in particular, of biharmonic submanifolds, have received a growing attention with many progresses since the beginning of this century. In this article, we provide a detailed account of recent development on the problems and conjectures listed in [40].
TRUCKING INDUSTRY PERCEPTIONS OF CONGESTION PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS IN MARITIME INTERMODAL OPERATIONS IN CALIFORNIA

Efficient maritime transportation is heavily dependent on the smooth operation of land transportation. Swift modal transfers are key to successful intermodal operations. In this paper we examine the efficiency of maritime intermodal transfer facilities in California, from the point of view of the trucking companies that use these facilities. We also examine the perceived effects of traffic network congestion on intermodal carriers' operations. Conclusions are based on a recent survey of nearly 1200 private and for-hire carriers operating in California. Over 450 of the companies surveyed had operations involving maritime ports in California. These provided a rich sample of responses and significant insights into the current state of the industry.
STRINGS IN LESS THAN ONE DIMENSION

Starting from the random triangulation definition of two-dimensional euclidean quantum gravity, we define the continuum limit and compute the partition function for closed surfaces of any genus. We discuss the appropriate way to define continuum string perturbation theory in these systems and show that the coefficients (as well as the critical exponents) are universal. The universality classes are just the multicritical points described by Kazakov. We show how the exact non-perturbative string theory is described by a non-linear ordinary differential equation whose properties we study. The behavior of the simplest theory, c = 0 pure gravity, is governed by the Painleve transcendent of the first kind.
The Returns of the Bison: Nostalgia, Profit, and Preservation

While touring the Missouri River valley in 1832, the itinerant artist George Catlin reflected that the bison was "so rapidly wasting from the world, that its species must soon be extinguished." To save the herds, Catlin recommended that the federal government create "a nation's Park" in the grasslands. He imagined that both the bison and the Plains Indians "might in future be seen (by some great protecting policy of government) preserved in their pristine beauty and wildness, in a magnificent park.", For most of the nineteenth century the United States government declined to pursue Catlin's vision; rather, federal authorities welcomed the diminution of the herds because it forced famished Plains Indians to submit to the reservation system. Not until 1872 did the federal government establish Yellowstone Park in the scenic Mountain West, far from the bison's primary range on the shortgrass plains. In the late nineteenth century, Yellowstone was the only public refuge for the bison apart from city zoos. By the 188os, a few hundred bison-the largest group of survivors in the United States-had found sanctuary there from commercial hunters, drought, and the destruction of grazing lands by farmers and livestock. This remnant herd and other scattered survivors might have eventually perished as well had it not been for the efforts of a handful of Ameri6ans and Canadians.2 Advocates of bison preservation fell largely into two groups: Western ranchers who speculated that ownership of the few remaining animals could be profitable, and elite Easterners possessed of a nostalgic urge to recreate a facsimile of the frontier. Beginning in the first decade of the twentieth century, this combination of Eastern sentiment and Western cupidity proved instrumental in persuading the United States and Canadian governments to create national reserves for the bison.3 Yet the preservation of the bison in parks and reserves occurred on a significantly reduced scale from what Caflin imagined and what might have been possible in 1832 when he first suggested the idea. Preservationists confined the bison to small reservations often outside or on the fringes of the shortgrass plains. Tour-
Light-Directed Electrophoretic Deposition: A New Additive Manufacturing Technique for Arbitrarily Patterned 3D Composites

Dr. A. J. Pascall, Dr. F. Qian, Dr. M. A. Worsley, Dr. J. D. Kuntz Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore , CA 94550 , USA E-mail: pascall1@llnl.gov G. Wang, Prof. Y. Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA
Group lending, repayment incentives and social collateral

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the impact on repayment rates of lending to groups which are made jointly liable for repayment. This type of scheme, especially in the guise of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, has received increasing attention. We set up and analyze the ‘repayment game’ which group lending gives rise to. Our analysis suggests that such schemes have both positive and negative effects on repayment rates. The positive effect is that successful group members may have an incentive to repay the loans of group members whose projects have yielded insufficient return to make repayment worthwhile. The negative effect arises when the whole group defaults, even when some members would have repaid under individual lending. We also show how group lending may harness social collateral, which serves to mitigate its negative effect.
A macromodular systems simulator (MS2)

The macromodular systems simulator is a control program and programming language implemented at Washington University to facilitate the design and subsequent realization of macromodular computer systems. The MS2 control program and language enable an engineer or programmer to describe macromodular systems and run programs on such systems simulated on a conventional digital computer (IBM 360/50). Input to the simulator consists of a standard set of function definitions for the basic macromodules, a description of the organization of the target machine, the program to be executed by the target machine, and data required by that program. Output from the present version of MS2 is a level change map (a continuous trace of the internal control network of the target machine as it executes its program) and the results of computations performed by the target machine. A procedure for preparing wiring tables and diagrams has been developed and will be incorporated into an improved version of the simulator.
Theory of Brillouin light scattering from ferromagnetic nanospheres

We develop the theory of Brillouin light scattering (BLS) from spin-wave modes in ferromagnetic nanospheres, within a framework that incorporates the spatial variation of the optical fields within the sphere. Our recent theory of exchange-dipole spin-wave modes of the sphere provides us with eigenvectors. When properly normalized, these eigenvectors allow calculation of the absolute cross section of various modes which contribute to BLS spectrum. We then present explicit calculation of the BLS spectrum associated with the first few dipole-exchange spin-wave modes with emphasis on their relative intensity.
The system CuF2-HF-H2O at 0 °C

Abstract The system CuF 2 -HF-H 2 O has been investigated at 0 °C. The solid phases in equilibrium with the solutions are CuF 2 · 2H 2 O and CuF 2 .
3D Point Cloud Reduction Using Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming

Large scale 3D image localization requires computationally expensive matching between 2D feature points in the query image and a 3D point cloud. In this paper, we present a method to accelerate the matching process and to reduce the memory footprint by analyzing the view-statistics of points in a training corpus. Given a training image set that is representative of common views of a scene, our approach identifies a compact subset of the 3D point cloud for efficient localization, while achieving comparable localization performance to using the full 3D point cloud. We demonstrate that the problem can be precisely formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic program and present a pointwise descriptor calibration process to improve matching. We show that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-theart greedy algorithm on standard datasets, on measures of both point-cloud compression and localization accuracy.
Equilibrium vacancy concentration measurements in solid argon

The direct technique of simultaneously measuring bulk and lattice expansion, to determine equilibrium vacancy concentrations, has been applied to solid argon. The results indicate that thermal vacancy concentrations do not exceed 0.025% even at the highest temperatures. Although the data obtained were not sufficiently precise to allow unique values to be determined for the formation parameters, it would appear from semiempirical considerations that both these results and previous ones, from a similar investigation of solid krypton, cannot be explained consistently within the context of presently existing theory.
Intra-Day and Inter-Market Volatility in Foreign Exchange Rates

Four foreign exchange spot rate series, recorded on an hourly basis for a six-month period in 1986 are examined. A seasonal GARCH model is developed to describe the time-dependent volatility apparent in the percentage nominal return of each currency. Hourly patterns in volatility are found to be remarkably similar across currencies and appear to be related to the opening and closing of the worlds major markets. Robust LM tests designed to deal with the extreme leptokurtosis in the data fails to uncover any evidence of misspecification or the presence of volatility spillover effects between the currencies or across markets.
Electrophilic cyclizations of vinylcyclopropanols to tethered aldehydes.

The intramolecular, stereoselective addition of 1-vinylcyclopropanols to tethered aldehydes has been achieved under mild conditions. Thus, sequential application of the titanium-mediated cyclopropa...
Regiochemical and mechanistic studies of the addition of tin hydride and oxide to substituted ketenes

Abstract The reactions of aryl-substituted ketenes with tri-n-butyltin hydride give rise to O-bound tin enolates. With unsymmetrically-substituted methyl phenyl ketene this process exhibits little or no stereoselectivity. The kinetic mixture consists of virtually equal proportions of E and Z enolate isomers, which then equilibrates to a 71 29 Z/E mixture under thermodynamic control. Mechanistic studies are not consistent with either radical or polar mechanisms, and a concerted pathway with differential rates of bond formation is proposed. With dimethyl ketene a similar reaction gives a vinyl ester enolate, which presumably results from an initially-formed aldehyde enolate. Finally, the reaction of diphenyl ketene with tri-n-butyltin oxide results in a tin carboxylate which adopts a polymeric structure in the solid state.
Comparing primate communities: a multivariate approach

Abstract Although there have been many studies of the ecology of primates in communities throughout the world, there have been few attempts to compare community ecology within and among continents. In this study the ecological characteristics of the sympatric primate species at eight localities—two from each of the major biogeographic areas inhabited by primates today—South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Asia—were compared using a multivariate technique (principal components analysis of the correlation matrix) to summarize the ten dimensional ecological niche space. The most striking clustering of species in ecological multivariate space is according to phylogeny with closely related species showing similar ecological features. Likewise, the ecological characteristics of individual communities are determined by phylogenetic groups present at each locality or biogeographic region. As a result, communities within any biogeographical region are more similar ecologically to one another than to communities from other continental areas. In several measures of ecological diversity among the species comprising each community, the neotropical communities show lower overall diversity than do communities from other continents.
Theory of semiconductor laser cooling at low temperatures

We present a comprehensive many-particle theory for optical refrigeration of bulk GaAs via luminescence up-conversion. We predict cooling in the regime of a partially ionized exciton gas and discuss its temperature dependence.
A general-equilibrium model of a traditional Soviet-type economy

Abstract This paper presents an abstract, static model of a traditional Soviet-type economy, in which there are three kinds of agents (planners, firms, and consumers). A quantity-oriented incentive system for managers is described, as is a planners' allocation mechanism. There are technology-determined prices for producer goods and market prices for labor and consumer goods, which are sold by retail stores from which the planners collect a turnover tax. There are also profit and income taxes. A consumer-market equilibrium is shown to exist for each plan, and the results of simulations using fixed-point computation techniques are discussed. J. Comp. Econ. , June 1977, 1 (2), pp. 147–165. International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.
On Singular Moduli for Arbitrary Discriminants

Let $d_1$ and $d_2$ be discriminants of distinct quadratic imaginary orders ${{\cal O}}_{d_1}$ and ${{\cal O}}_{d_2}$ and let $J(d_1,d_2)$ denote the product of differences of CM $j$ -invariants with discriminants $d_1$ and $d_2$ . In 1985, Gross and Zagier gave an elegant formula for the factorization of the integer $J(d_1,d_2)$ in the case that $d_1$ and $d_2$ are relatively prime and discriminants of maximal orders. To compute this formula, they first reduce the problem to counting the number of simultaneous embeddings of ${{\cal O}}_{d_1}$ and ${{\cal O}}_{d_2}$ into endomorphism rings of supersingular curves, and then solve this counting problem.Interestingly, this counting problem also appears when computing class polynomials for invariants of genus $2$ curves. However, in this application, one must consider orders ${{\cal O}}_{d_1}$ and ${{\cal O}}_{d_2}$ that are non-maximal. Motivated by the application to genus $2$ curves, we generalize the methods of Gross and Zagier and give a computable formula for $v_{\ell }(J(d_1,d_2))$ for any pair of discriminants $d_1\neq d_2$ and any prime $\ell \gt 2$ . In the case that $d_1$ is squarefree and $d_2$ is the discriminant of any quadratic imaginary order, our formula can be stated in a simple closed form. We also give a conjectural closed formula when the conductors of $d_1$ and $d_2$ are relatively prime.
Canal Configuration in the Mesiobuccal Root of the Maxillary First Molar and Its Endodontic Significance

T he ultimate objective of endodontic therapy has been stated to be the obliteration of the prepared root canal space with an inert material in order to restore the integrity and state of good health of the treated tooth in the dental arch.l According to Ingle,2 the most common cause of endodontic failure is apical percolation, with the largest percentage of eases failing due to incomplete canal obliteration. Other reasons for failure in this category include leaving a canal completely unfilled and inadvertently removing a silver point. Quite often a canal is left unfilled because the operator has failed to recognize its presence. Rankine-Wilson and Henry3 and others 4p 5 have described the not uncommon finding of a bifurcated canal in mandibular incisors, cuspids, and premolars. Green6 gave an exhaustive description of the presence of auxiliary and secondary canals among all the teeth in the dental arch. Therefore, it is the obligation of those interested in endodontics to be thoroughly familiar with root canal anatomy, in both normal and abnormal situations, in order to keep this cause of endodontic failure to a minimum.
Hypersurfaces of bounded Cohen–Macaulay type

Abstract Let R = k [ [ x 0 , … , x d ] ] / ( f ) , where k is a field and f is a non-zero non-unit of the formal power series ring k [ [ x 0 , … , x d ] ] . We investigate the question of which rings of this form have bounded Cohen–Macaulay type, that is, have a bound on the multiplicities of the indecomposable maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules. As with finite Cohen–Macaulay type, if the characteristic is different from two, the question reduces to the one-dimensional case: The ring R has bounded Cohen–Macaulay type if and only if R ≅ k [ [ x 0 , … , x d ] ] / ( g + x 2 2 + ⋯ + x d 2 ) , where g ∈ k [ [ x 0 , x 1 ] ] and k [ [ x 0 , x 1 ] ] / ( g ) has bounded Cohen–Macaulay type. We determine which rings of the form k [ [ x 0 , x 1 ] ] / ( g ) have bounded Cohen–Macaulay type.
Isotopic effect and temperature dependent intramolecular excitation energy transfer in a model donor–acceptor dyad

We consider here the non-adiabatic energy transfer dynamics for a model bi-chromophore system consisting of a perylenemonoimide unit linked to a ladder-type poly(para-phenylene) oligomer. Starting from a semi-empirical parameterization of a model electron/phonon Hamiltonian, we compute the golden-rule rate for energy transfer from the LPPP5 donor to the PMI acceptor. Our results indicate that the non-adiabatic transfer is promoted by the out-of-plane wagging modes of the C-H bonds even though theses modes give little or no contribution to the Franck-Condon factors in this system. We also predict a kinetic isotope effect of k((H))/k((D)) = 1.7-2.5 depending upon the temperature.
Colorectal adenomas and cancer link to chromosome 13q22.1-13q31.3 in a large family with excess colorectal cancer

Background Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. Approximately 5% of colon cancers arise in the presence of a clear hereditary cancer condition; however, current estimates suggest that an additional 15-25% of colorectal cancers arise on the basis of unknown inherited factors. Association studies report several low-penetrance genetic variants associated with colon cancer risk. Large families, whereby precise inheritance can be correlated with phenotype, offer another approach to identify moderately penetrant genes and to isolate responsible genetic loci and mutations. The aim of this study was to identify additional genetic factors responsible for colon cancer using large multigenerational pedigrees with excess colorectal cancer.
The Restrictions on Predictability Implied by Rational Asset Pricing Models

This article shows how rational asset pricing models restrict the regression-based criteria commonly used to measure return predictability. Specifically, it invokes no-arbitrage arguments to show that the intercept, slope coefficients, and R[superscript 2] in predictive regressions must take specific values. These restrictions provide a way to directly assess whether the predictability uncovered using regression analysis is consistent with rational pricing. Empirical tests reveal that the returns on the CRSP size deciles are too predictable to be compatible with a number of well-known pricing models. However, the overall pattern of predictability across these portfolios is reasonably consistent with what we would expect under circumstances where predictability is rational. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
“String” formulation of the dynamics of the forward interest rate curve

We propose a formulation of the term structure of interest rates in which the forward curve is seen as the deformation of a string. We derive the general condition that the partial differential equations governing the motion of such string must obey in order to account for the condition of absence of arbitrage opportunities. This condition takes a form similar to a fluctuation-dissipation theorem, albeit on the same quantity (the forward rate), linking the bias to the covariance of variation fluctuations. We provide the general structure of the models that obey this constraint in the framework of stochastic partial (possibly non-linear) differential equations. We derive the general solution for the pricing and hedging of interest rate derivatives within this framework, albeit for the linear case (we also provide in the appendix a simple and intuitive derivation of the standard European option problem). We also show how the “string” formulation simplifies into a standard N-factor model under a Galerkin approximation.
Random disturbances and the choice of exchange regimes in an intergenerational model

Abstract An overlapping generational model is used to derive the consumption demand for individuals of each generation under expected utility-maximizing behavior: these demand functions are used to derive macroeconomic equilibrium under fixed and flexible exchange rates. The standard aggregate results concerning the insulating role of flexible rates for real external disturbances and fixed rates for internal disturbances are shown. However, the variability of an individual's utility need not be the same as the variability of aggregate variables. It is shown that the form of the utility function and the sources of disturbances are crucial in determining which exchange regime is preferable.
X-Rays from Radio Millisecond Pulsars: Comptonized Thermal Radiation

X-ray emission from many rotation-powered millisecond pulsars (MSPs) is observed to be of predominantly thermal nature. In PSR J0437-4715, the nearest MSP known, an additional faint power-law tail is observed above 2.5 keV, commonly attributed to nonthermal magnetospheric radiation. We propose that the hard emission in this and other similar MSPs is instead due to weak Comptonization of the thermal (blackbody or hydrogen atmosphere) polar cap emission by energetic electrons/positrons of small optical depth presumably in the pulsar magnetosphere and wind. This spectral model implies that all soft X-rays are of purely thermal origin, which has profound implications in the study of neutron star structure and fundamental pulsar physics.
Perfect Information Leader Election in log*n+O(1) Rounds

In the leader election problem, n players wish to elect a random leader. The difficulty is that some coalition of players may conspire to elect one of its own members. We adopt the perfect information model: all communication is by broadcast, and the bad players have unlimited computational power. Protocols proceed in rounds: although players are synchronized between rounds, within each round the bad players may wait to see the inputs of the good players. A protocol is called resilient if a good leader is elected with probability bounded away from 0. We give a simple, constructive leader election protocol that is resilient against coalitions of size sn, for any s 0.
An Examination of Macroeconomic Effects on the Liquidity of REITs

In this research, we investigate the effects of changes in and levels of selected macroeconomic variables on the liquidity of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT, henceforth) stocks. We study in particular REIT market trading liquidity and REIT funding liquidity. We use debt service coverage ratios, loan-to-value ratios and the number of loans on commercial commitments as proxies for the funding liquidity of REITs. We use Amihud Illiquidity measurement and Turnover Ratio measurement to estimate REIT market trading liquidity. Our results are fourfold: one, funding liquidity is influenced by changes in macroeconomic factors; two, macroeconomic effects are different across phases of the business cycle; three, funding liquidity is significantly positively related to REIT market liquidity (this is supportive of Brunnermeier and Petersen’s Review of Financial Studies, 22:2201–2238 (2009) findings); and four, these effects vary across economic regimes. A key outcome of this work is that increases in debt to equity reduce market liquidity for REIT stocks.
Nanohardness and chemical bonding of Boron Nitride films

Abstract Boron-nitride (BN) films are deposited by the reactive sputter deposition from fully dense, boron targets utilizing a planar magnetron source and an argon-nitrogen working gas mixture. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveals distinguishing features of chemical bonding within the boron 1 s photoabsorption cross-section. The hardness of the BN film surface is measured using nanoindentation. The sputter deposition conditions as well as the post-deposition treatments of annealing and nitrogen-ion implantation effect the chemical bonding and the film hardness. The hardness of a layered B/BN coating is decreased twofold after an anneal whereas the hardness of a BN film is increased four-fold by a 90 keV N − implant. A model is proposed to quantify the film hardness that ranges from 0.1 to 30 GPa using the relative peak intensities of the π * -resonances to the boron 1 s spectra.
Modeling of dynamical processes in laser ablation

Various physics and computational approaches have been developed to globally characterize phenomena important for film growth by pulsed-laser deposition of materials. These include thermal models of laser-solid target interactions that initiate the vapor plume, plume ionization and heating through laser absorption beyond local thermodynamic equilibrium mechanisms, hydrodynamic and collisional descriptions of plume transport, and molecular dynamics models of the interaction of plume particles with the deposition substrate.
Synthesis of 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate ester derivatives

Attempts to prepare ethyl 5-cyano-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (7) by the reaction of the corresponding 5-chloro derivative 1b with cyanide ion were unsuccessful. The chloro ester was synthesized from the corresponding amino ester la utilizing nonaqueous diazotization with nitrosyl chloride. An alternate process was developed which allowed the preparation of 7 from the corresponding 5-methyl ester 3 in four steps. The structure of the N-methylamide 8 synthesized from 7 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Regulatory hindsight review and innovation by electric utilities

Regulation is often thought to discourage innovation. This problem is not evidenced by electric utility behavior up through the mid-1970s, during which time utilities adopted various new generation technologies. However, retrospective “prudence” reviews, common since the 1980s, may discourage utilities from investing in promising but risky new technologies. When innovative technologies have lower expected costs but greater cost variance than conventional technologies, the threat of hindsight review may cause a utility to switch from an innovative technology to a more costly conventional one, and may cause underinvestment. Profit-sharing schemes, properly designed, can promote efficient levels of investment in innovative technologies.
The fine structure of puromycin-induced changes in mouse entorhinal cortex.

Bitemporal intracerebral injections of puromycin in mice suppress indefinitely expression of memory of avoidance-discrimination learning. Ultrastructural studies of the entorhinal cortex of puromycin-treated mice revealed the following: (a) Abnormalities were not observed in presynaptic terminals and synaptic clefts; many postsynaptic dendrites or somas contained swollen mitochondria. (b) Dispersion of polyribosomes into single units or condensation of ribosomes into irregular aggregates with loss of "distinctiveness" was noted in a few neurons 7–27 hr after puromycin treatment. (c) Cytoplasmic aggregates of granular or amorphous material were frequently noted within otherwise normal neuronal perikarya. (d) Mitochondria in many neuronal perikarya and dendrites were swollen. Mitochondria in axons, presynaptic terminals, and glial cells were unaltered. The relationships between these lesions and the effect of puromycin on protein synthesis and memory are examined. It is suggested that the disaggregation of polysomes is too limited to explain the effect of puromycin on memory. Special emphasis is given to the swelling of mitochondria. The possible mechanisms and the significance of this lesion are discussed.
Socially Optimal Districting: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration

This paper investigates the problem of optimal districting in the context of a simple model of legislative elections. In the model, districting matters because it determines the seat-vote curve, which describes the relationship between seats and votes. The paper first characterizes the optimal seat-vote curve, and shows that, under a weak condition, there exist districtings that generate this ideal relationship. The paper then develops an empirical methodology for computing seat-vote curves and measuring the welfare gains from implementing optimal districting. This is applied to analyze the districting plans used to elect U.S. state legislators during the 1990s.
The Gaussian primes contain arbitrarily shaped constellations

We show that the Gaussian primesP[i] ⊆ ℤ[i] contain infinitely constellations of any prescribed shape and orientation. More precisely, we show that given any distinct Gaussian integersv 0,…,v k−1, there are infinitely many sets {a+rv 0,…,rv k−1}, witha ∈ℤ[i] andr ∈ℤ{0}, all of whose elements are Gaussian primes.
A taxonomic view of pretend play activity among 4- and 5-year-old children

Based on findings from a 6-month study that explored the nature of literate behavior in the pretend play episodes of eight preschoolers, a taxonomy of their pretend play activity is described and analyzed. Relationships between the different kinds of pretend play activity as demonstrated by these youngsters are examined in light of the taxonomy and other research. Implications of certain kinds of pretend play activity for emergent literacy development are also briefly discussed.
A synthesis of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl α-D-mannopyranoside

Abstract The first high yield synthesis is reported of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl α- D -mannopyranoside using 2- O -benzoylated mannosyl donors, as precursors.
Employee trip reduction in Southern California: First year results

Trip reduction policies are increasingly utilized in U.S. metropolitan areas to address congestion and air quality problems. These policies typically focus on the journey to work and are aimed at reducing the amount of drive-alone commuting by providing transit and ride-sharing incentives. Severe air quality problems in Southern California have prompted the air pollution control agency for the Los Angeles metropolitan area to enact Regulation XV. The regulation requires employers to develop and implement a trip reduction program to achieve specified ride-sharing goals. It is the most ambitious and far-reaching such program implemented to date, and offers a unique opportunity to determine whether such programs can significantly affect travel behavior. This paper presents results from the first year of Regulation XV's implementation.
Minimal network coding for multicast

We give an information flow interpretation for multicasting using network coding. This generalizes the fluid model used to represent flows to a single receiver. Using the generalized model, we present a decentralized algorithm to minimize the number of packets that undergo network coding. We also propose a decentralized algorithm to construct capacity achieving multicast codes when the processing at some nodes is restricted to routing. The proposed algorithms can be coupled with existing decentralized schemes to achieve minimum cost multicast
Joint server scheduling and proxy caching for video delivery

We consider the delivery of video assets over a best-effort network, possibly through a caching proxy located close to the clients generating the requests. We are interested in the joint server scheduling and prefix/partial caching strategy that minimizes the aggregate transmission rate over the backbone network (i.e. average output server rate) under a cache of given capacity. We present multiple schemes to address various service levels and client resources by enabling bandwidth and cache space tradeoffs. We also propose an optimization algorithm selecting the working set of asset prefixes. We detail algorithms for practical implementation of our schemes. Simulation results show that our scheme dramatically outperforms the full caching technique.
Geometric realizations of BPS states in N=2 theories

Abstract We study the BPS spectrum of the theory on a D3-brane probe in F-theory. The BPS states are realized by multi-string configurations in space-time. Only certain configurations obeying a selection rule give rise to BPS states in the four-dimensional probe theory. Using these string configurations, we determine the spectrum of N = 2 SU (2) Yang-Mills. We also explore the relation between multi-string configurations, M-theory membranes and self-dual strings.
Random matrices: Universality of local eigenvalue statistics

In this paper, we consider the universality of the local eigenvalue statistics of random matrices. Our main result shows that these statistics are determined by the first four moments of the distribution of the entries. As a consequence, we derive the universality of eigenvalue gap distribution and k-point correlation, and many other statistics (under some mild assumptions) for both Wigner Hermitian matrices and Wigner real symmetric matrices.
Splines as embeddings for generalized cylinders

Generalized cylinders are an attractive representation for three-dimensional objects. One of their principal features is that the representation contains an intrinsic coordinate frame. The intrinsic (object-centered) frame computed from image data facilitates the matching of an object with a similarly represented stored prototype. The definitions of generalized cylinders are loose and do not specify how a generalized cylinder is to be represented digitally. Previous digital representations have tended to be either nonparametric renditions, which makes them computationally cumbersome, or parametric simplifications, which limit the class of objects that can be represented. It is shown that splines provide an attractive representation technique for generalized cylinders. In fact splines provide a parametric representation for the full generalization of the generalized cylinders concept.
Complete problems for deterministic polynomial time

Log space reducibility allows a meaningful study of complexity and completeness for the class P of problems solvable in polynomial time (as a function of problem size). If any one complete problem for P is recognizable in logk(n) space (for a fixed k), or requires at least nc space (where c depends upon the program), then all complete problems in P have the same property. A variety of familiar problems are shown complete for P, including context-free emptiness, infiniteness and membership, establishing inconsistency of propositional formulas by unit resolution, deciding whether a player in a two-person game has a winning strategy, and determining whether an element is generated from a set by a binary operation.
Growth and government: Is there a difference between developed and developing countries?

I examine the role of government in the growth of 64 industrialized and developing countries, considering both expenditure and financing aspects of government. Recognizing that there may be differences between the two country groups, I estimate both standard OLS and dummy variable regressions. The general conclusion is that although most fiscal variables are not significantly related to economic growth, the means of financing matters more than government spending. I find that seigniorage and the budget surplus are important for growth, but the LDCs is the group that drive the results in all regressions.
Organic spin-valves based on fullerene C60

Abstract Recent work suggests that the spin-transport length in organic semiconductors is limited by hyperfine coupling. Therefore, to potentially overcome this limitation, we fabricated spin-valves based on C60 for which the hyperfine coupling is minute. However, our devices do not show a significantly larger spin-diffusion length. This suggests that either a mechanism other than hyperfine coupling causes the loss of spin-polarization, or that in thick devices an increasing conductivity mismatch limits spin-injection.