cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of the CRF1-receptor antagonist pexacerfont on stress-induced eating and food craving.

In rodents, antagonism of receptors for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) blocks stress-induced reinstatement of drug or palatable food seeking. To test anticraving properties of the CRF1 antagonist pexacerfont in humans. We studied stress-induced eating in people scoring high on dietary restraint (food preoccupation and chronic unsuccessful dieting) with body-mass index (BMI) >22. In a double-blind, between-groups trial, 31 “restrained” eaters were stabilized on either pexacerfont (300 mg/day for 7 days, then 100 mg/day for 21 days) or placebo. On day 15, they underwent a math-test stressor; during three subsequent visits, they heard personalized craving-induction scripts. In each session, stress-induced food consumption and craving were assessed in a bogus taste test and on visual analog scales. We used digital video to monitor daily ingestion of study capsules and nightly rating of food problems/preoccupation on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). The study was stopped early due to an administrative interpretation of US federal law, unrelated to safety or outcome. The bogus taste tests suggested some protective effect of pexacerfont against eating after a laboratory stressor (r effect = 0.30, 95 % CL = −0.12, 0.63, Bayes factor 11.30). Similarly, nightly YFAS ratings were lower with pexacerfont than placebo (r effect = 0.39, CI 0.03, 0.66), but this effect should be interpreted with caution because it was present from the first night of pill ingestion, despite pexacerfont’s slow pharmacokinetics. The findings may support further investigation of the anticraving properties of CRF1 antagonists, especially for food.
Vocabulary of Quranic Concepts: A semi-automatically created terminology of Holy Quran

The identification and organization of terminology is the foremost step while organizing the domain knowledge for any domain as it is the terms and their inter-relationships that define the conceptual knowledge base. Quran, comprising the divine words of wisdom has been considered and used as prime source of knowledge and guidance for Muslims throughout the world for fourteen centuries. The concepts/topics discussed in Quran have been organized/indexed by many scholars which are used by Muslims who use them to search for guidance regarding various issues of daily life. In current era of information technology, various search services for Quranic topics are available online. They mostly use the terminologies (concepts hierarchy) manually built by scholars. In our work, we have used a semi-automatic approach to identify important concepts/topics from six English translations of Quran, and organized them into a hierarchical structure, named as Vocabulary of Quranic Concepts (VQC). CNC Value method of term recognition is used to identify significant concepts, which are then manually analyzed by domain expert, and are then organized into a hierarchy using the term-head principle. Due to extreme sensitivity of this work, complete automation of system is avoided and outcomes at all steps are manually analyzed. Currently, we have developed a vocabulary from translation of only second chapter of Quran (Al-Bakara). VQC is available at: https://sites.google.com/a/mcs.edu.pk/codteem/projects/qwn
Forecasts of urbanization scenarios reveal trade-offs between landscape change and ecosystem services

Expansion of urban settlements has caused observed declines in ecosystem services (ES) globally, further stressing the need for informed urban development and policies. Incorporating ES concepts into the decision making process has been shown to support resilient and functional ecosystems. Coupling land change and ES models allows for insights into the impacts and anticipated trade-offs of specific policy decisions. The spatial configuration of urbanization likely influences the delivery and production of ES. When considering multiple ES simultaneously, improving the production of one ecosystem service often results in the decrease in the provision of other ES, giving rise to trade-offs. We examine the impact of three urban growth scenarios on several ES to determine the degree to which spatial configuration of urbanization and the development of natural land cover impacts these services over 25 years. We couple land change and ES models to examine impacts to carbon sequestration, surface water-run off, nitrogen and phosphorus export, organic farming and camping site suitability, to determine trade-offs among the six ES associated with each spatial configuration for western North Carolina. Consequences of urban configurations are dramatic, with degraded ES across all scenarios and substantial variation depending on urban pattern, revealing trade-offs. Counter-intuitive trade-offs between carbon sequestration and lands available for organic farming and camping were observed, suggesting that no configurations result in mutual benefits for all ES. By understanding trade-offs associated with urban configurations, decision makers can identify ES critical to an area and promote configurations that enhance those.
Adoptive Therapy for Lymphoma with CD4 Memory T Cells Depleted of CD137-Expressing Tregs.

Abstract Abstract 1693 Poster Board I-719 A central goal of cancer immunotherapy is an adaptive immune response against tumors. The memory T cell is a critical mediator of this response as it can give rise to effector cells as well as self-renew. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) present a barrier to effective cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, cancer patients have increased numbers of CD4+CD25+ Tregs and cancer vaccination strategies in some cases expand this cell population. Here, we demonstrate that (1) CD4+CD44hi memory T cells are effective in mediating anti-tumor immunity and (2) that expression of CD137 can be used to exclude tumor-reactive Tregs from the CD4+CD44hi population. We have established a model for adoptive therapy of mantle cell lymphoma in which CD4 T cells mediate anti-tumor immunity. Specifically, we use a whole tumor-cell vaccine to induce anti-tumor immune cells in vivo. These cells are isolated and adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated, syngeneic, recipient mice. We show that CD4 but not CD8 T cells from vaccinated donor mice can prevent tumor growth when adoptively transferred into irradiated recipient mice. We observed that a majority of anti-tumor T cells display a memory phenotype. 10 days after transfer, T cells from recipient mice were co-cultured with irradiated lymphoma cells for 24 hours. Only CD4 T cells produced IFN-γ in response to co-culture and greater than 95% of IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells expressed the memory marker CD44. Finally, we observed that transferred CD4+CD44hi T cells persisted for over 100 days suggesting that this CD4 subset is important for lasting anti-tumor immunity. Contaminating Tregs may limit the effectiveness of our CD4 T cell adoptive therapy. In order to functionally deplete these Tregs from the CD4 population, we sought to identify a surface marker that could uniquely distinguish tumor-reactive Tregs from other CD4 T cells. T cells from vaccinated donor mice were co-cultured with irradiated lymphoma cells for 24 hours. We evaluated a panel of activation markers and observed that CD137 expression defined a distinct population of Tregs. Based on these results, we used flow cytometry to isolate a sub-population of CD4+CD44hiCD137- T cells from vaccinated donor mice. Adoptive transfer of less than 100,000 CD44hiCD137- but not other sub-populations of CD4 T cells provided significant protection from tumor challenge. These results suggest that CD137 defines a novel population of tumor-reactive Tregs. This marker can facilitate the enrichment of anti-tumor CD4 memory T cells within the CD44hiCD137- population. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential use of CD4 T cells in adoptive therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Influence of flake thickness on the feeding value of steam-rolled wheat for feedlot cattle.

Seventy-two medium-framed, crossbred steers (348 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design performance trial. Experimental diets contained (DM basis) 6% alfalfa hay, 6% sudangrass hay, 79% wheat, 2% yellow grease, 4% cane molasses, and 3% supplement. Treatments were 1) dry-rolled wheat (DRW, density = .52 kg/L); 2) steam-rolled wheat, coarse flake (SRW-C, density = .39 kg/L); and 3) steam-rolled wheat, thin flake (SRW-T density = .30 kg/L). Steam processing increased amyloglucosidase reactivity of wheat starch by 238 and 287% for SRW-C and SRW-T, respectively. Cattle performance was similar (P > .10) for SRW-C and SRW-T. Steam processing wheat increased ADG (13.5%, P .10) for DRW and SRW. Postruminal and total tract digestibility of OM (P < .10) and starch (P < .01) were increased with SRW. Dietary DE and ME values were greater (6.1 and 6.6%, respectively; P < .10) for SRW than for DRW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Disruption of the Glutamate–Glutamine Cycle Involving Astrocytes in an Animal Model of Depression for Males and Females

Background: Women are twice as likely as men to develop major depression (MD). The brain mechanisms underlying this sex disparity are not clear. Disruption of the glutamate-glutamine cycle has been implicated in psychiatric disturbances. This study identifies sex-based impairments in the glutamate-glutamine cycle involving astrocytes using an animal model of depression. Methods: Male and female adult Long-Evans rats were exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for 21 days, using a modified resident-intruder paradigm. Territorial aggression was used for males and maternal aggression was used for females to induce depressive-like deficits for intruders. The depressive-like phenotype was assessed with intake for saccharin solution, weight gain, estrous cycle, and corticosterone (CORT). Behaviors displayed by the intruders during daily encounters with residents were characterized. Rats with daily handling were used as controls for each sex. Ten days after the last encounter, both the intruders and controls were subjected to a no-net-flux in vivo microdialysis to assess glutamate accumulation and extracellular glutamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The contralateral hemispheres were used for determining changes in astrocytic markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1). Results: Both male and female intruders reduced saccharin intake over the course of CSDS, compared to their pre-stress period and to their respective controls. Male intruders exhibited submissive/defensive behaviors to territorial aggression by receiving sideways threats and bites. These males showed reductions in striatal GLT-1 and spontaneous glutamine in the NAc, compared to controls. Female intruders exhibited isolated behaviors to maternal aggression, including immobility, rearing, and self-grooming. Their non-reproductive days were extended. Also, they showed reductions in prefrontal and accumbal GFAP+ cells and prefrontal GLT-1, compared to controls. When 10 µM of glutamate was infused, these females showed a significant accumulation of glutamate compared to controls. Infusions of glutamate reduced extracellular glutamine for both male and female intruders compared to their respective controls. Conclusions: Twenty-one days of territorial or maternal aggression produced a depressive-like phenotype and impaired astrocytes in both male and female intruders. Disruption of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the PFC-striatal network may be linked to depressive-like deficits more in females than in males.
Digital Media for Low-Income Preschoolers' Effective Science Learning: A Study of iPad Instructions with a Social Development Approach

ABSTRACTAs digital media devices have been increasingly used in early childhood educational settings, this study examined whether the iPad with a Vygotskian social development approach—namely, More Knowledgeable Other—can be integrated into low-income preschool classrooms to improve science learning. An analysis of variance was used to examine the overall improvement and differences in improvement among English language learners, children with special needs, and children without special needs or English language learner status. Results showed that all participants improved their science learning abilities as a consequence of the iPad instruction. Among all groups, English language learner children benefitted more than the other groups, but only with a game that had less verbal directions. There were no significant differences by gender.
Spatiotemporal presentation of exogenous SDF-1 with PLGA nanoparticles modulates SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis in the rodent cortex

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its key receptor CXCR4 have been implicated in directing cellular recruitment for several pathological/disease conditions thus also gained considerable attention for regenerative medicine. One regenerative approach includes sustained release of SDF-1 to stimulate prolonged stem cell recruitment. However, the impact of SDF-1 sustained release on the endogenous SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis is largely unknown as auto-regulatory mechanisms typically dictate cytokine/receptor signaling. We hypothesize that spatiotemporal presentation of exogenous SDF-1 is a key factor in achieving long-term manipulation of endogenous SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling. Here in the present study, we sought to probe our hypothesis using a transgenic mouse model to contrast the spatial activation of endogenous SDF-1 and CXCR4 in response to exogenous SDF-1 injected in bolus or controlled release (PLGA nanoparticles) form in the adult rodent cortex. Our data suggests that the manner of SDF-1 presentation significantly affected initial CXCR4 cellular activation/recruitment despite having similar protein payloads over the first 24 h (∼30 ng for both bolus and sustained release groups). Yet, one week post-injection, this response was negligible. Therefore, the transient nature CXCR4 recruitment/activation in response to bolus or controlled release SDF-1 indicated that cytokine/receptor auto-regulatory mechanisms may demand more complex release profiles (i.e. delayed and/or pulsed release) to achieve sustained cellular response.
Whole grain consumption is negatively correlated with obesity-associated aortic stiffness: A hypothesis.

Abstract Objective Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that increases aortic stiffness, which predicts future cardiovascular events. Additionally, obesity is associated with overconsumption, which contributes to aortic stiffening. Recent work has highlighted the role of various foods and nutrients on aortic stiffness among the general population. The objective of the present study was to explore the influence of dietary factors on obesity-associated aortic stiffness, as food choices might be a potential explanation for accelerated aortic stiffening in obesity rather than overconsumption alone. Methods Data collected in our laboratory were evaluated in aggregate considering obese men with available measures of aortic stiffness and habitual dietary intake (n = 22). Aortic stiffness was assessed with the gold standard carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and habitual dietary intake was determined with the National Institutes of Health's Dietary History Questionnaire-II. Results Whole grain consumption predicted obesity-associated aortic stiffness in regression analyses (R 2 = 0.29, P = 0.010). This correlation remained significant after adjusting for traditional risk factors (age, body mass index, blood pressure) (R 2 = 0.27, P = 0.027). Overconsumption determined by daily caloric intake was not predictive of aortic stiffness (R 2 = 0.09, P = 0.17) nor was total fiber content (R 2 = 0.06, P = 0.29). Conclusions These findings suggest a potential role of whole grains to protect against aortic stiffness even when dietary overconsumption is present. Fiber content has been proposed as a major beneficial component in whole grains, but it did not correlate with obesity-related aortic stiffness, suggesting whole grains may have a unique and potentially synergistic role in the protection of obesity-associated aortic health.
Latent Fingerprint Image Segmentation Using Deep Neural Network

We present a deep artificial neural network (DANN) model that learns latent fingerprint image patches using a stack of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), and uses it to perform segmentation of latent fingerprint images. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are biologically inspired architectures that produce hierarchies of maps through learned weights or filters. Latent fingerprints are fingerprint impressions unintentionally left on surfaces at a crime scene. To make identifications or exclusions of suspects, latent fingerprint examiners analyze and compare latent fingerprints to known fingerprints of individuals. Due to the poor quality and often complex image background and overlapping patterns characteristic of latent fingerprint images, separating the fingerprint region of interest from complex image background and overlapping patterns is very challenging. Our proposed DANN model based on RBMs learns fingerprint image patches in two phases. The first phase (unsupervised pre-training) involves learning an identity mapping of the input image patches. In the second phase, fine-tuning and gradient updates are performed to minimize the cost function on the training dataset. The resulting trained model is used to classify the image patches into fingerprint and non-fingerprint classes. We use the fingerprint patches to reconstruct the latent fingerprint image and discard the non-fingerprint patches which contain the structured noise in the original latent fingerprint. The proposed model is evaluated by comparing the results from the state-of-the-art latent fingerprint segmentation models. The results of our evaluation show the superior performance of the proposed method.
Simultaneous ipsilateral knee arthroscopy and unicondylar knee arthroplasty is effective for bicompartmental symptoms.

Abstract Background Patients with unicompartmental radiographic arthritis but bicompartmental symptoms pose a clinical challenge. Some surgeons may perceive it as a contraindication for unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). We investigated patient outcomes 2 years after simultaneous ipsilateral arthroscopy and UKA as compared to a similar group of patients who had total knee replacement (TKA) for a similar clinical presentation. Methods We identified 9 patients with simultaneous ipsilateral arthroscopy and UKA between 2004 and 2013, and 12 clinically similar patients treated with TKA. Results At 1- and 2-years, SF-12 physical scores were significantly improved in the UKA-scope group than in the TKA group (47.2 vs 40.3, p = 0.042; 48.3 vs 32.6, p = 0.026). WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score, WOMAC function and KSFS were significantly improved in the UKA-scope group at 2 years as compared to the TKA group (98.7 vs 63.8, p = 0.030), (90.1 vs 43.8, p = 0.013), (92.3 vs 55.2, p = 0.027 and (92.3 vs 55.2, p = 0.027), respectively). Change in score from baseline for KSFS, SF-12 physical and WOMAC stiffness were significantly improved in the UKA-scope group at 2 years compared to TKA, (28.3 vs −5, p = 0.041), (13.6 vs 3.0, p = 0.026), (52.6 vs −6.3, p = 0.025), respectively. Conclusion This study shows that patients with isolated compartment radiographic disease but with bicompartmental symptoms can benefit from UKA and simultaneous arthroscopy. Further, TKA for isolated compartment radiographic disease in this limited series had poorer outcomes. We obtain MRI selectively when physical exam and radiographic findings suggest isolated arthritic disease in patients with bicompartmental symptoms.
Five Star Teacher: In-Service on the Move

ABSTRACTTeachers learned knowledge, skills, values, and dispositions through spending significant amounts of time working with heritage sites as they learned more about social studies. Elementary social studies teachers engaged in teacher in-service to increase their abilities to meet geography standards. Teacher professional development that caused instructors to engage with cultural and historic sites benefited them and should be considered as well as other models of teacher in-service. Teachers used study travel opportunities to engage in geographic investigation and exploration to accomplish inquiry. Teachers determined that extended time was required to experience the place, to value it, and to harbor the disposition to teach about it; they learned in-depth content from spending time on-site, and they learned skills to extract knowledge from site through reading the landscape. Teachers encountered multiple perspectives, technology, and controversial issues through their studies of regions in the Ohio...
In the Beatific Vision, both Freedom and Necessity

According to Aquinas, the souls in heaven (hereafter, the blessed) are both necessitated (i.e., determined) and free in their choice to love God. But if Aquinas is right, it may seem that we cannot give an incompatibilist account of the freedom of the souls in heaven to love God. Roughly put, incompatibilism is the thesis that free will is incompatible with determinism. In this paper, I take inspiration from Kevin Timpe and Timothy Pawl’s account of the impeccability of the blessed to argue for a more refined view of incompatibilism, consistent with some of the literature, according to which free will is compatible with a certain kind of determinism. I then modify Timpe and Pawl’s account along Thomistic lines, removing a problematic character-based contingency, to argue that anyone, regardless of character, is necessitated to love God in the beatific vision – necessitated in a sense consistent with incompatibilism.
The Association of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Self-Reported Knee Function in Patients With a Knee Injury: A Critically Appraised Topic

Clinical Question: Are fear-avoidance beliefs associated with self-reported knee function in patients with a knee injury? Clinical Bottom Line: There is currently consistent, good-quality, patient-...
Evaluating E-Commerce Projects Using an Information Fusion Methodology

E-commerce is changing the business landscape, but applications carry investment risks. E-commerce applications redefine business models ranging from retailing to trading stocks to originating mortgages. Organizations will be making significant investments in e-commerce applications that may or may not realize their potential payoff. In this paper we propose a methodology to evaluate investments in e-commerce applications. We frame investment issues in the e-commerce environment and present qualitative models to augment quantitative investment analysis. We introduce the power average as an aggregation operator for information fusion in group decision-making in e-commerce project selection. We outline a collaborative methodology to arrive at a group consensus involving individual qualitative assessments. We present a scoring model for individual applications, and a portfolio model for groups of applications.
Dislocation Density-Based Finite Element Method Modeling of Ultrasonic Consolidation

A dislocation density based constitutive model has been developed and implemented into a crystal plasticity quasi‐static finite element framework. This approach captures the statistical evolution of dislocation structures and grain fragmentation at the bonding interface when sufficient boundary conditions pertaining to the Ultrasonic Consolidation process are prescribed. Hardening is incorporated using statistically stored and geometrically necessary dislocation densities (SSDs and GNDs), which are dislocation analogs of isotropic and kinematic hardening respectively. The GND considers strain‐gradient and thus renders the model size‐dependent. The model is calibrated using experimental data from published refereed literature and then validated for the Aluminum 3003 alloy. Introduction As a direct result of ongoing research efforts in ultrasonic consolidation (UC) worldwide [1], it has become apparent that a new approach to modeling of UC bonding is needed. A model which provides a better understanding of the effects of process parameter changes on grain refinement, plastic deformation and bonding during UC will better enable researchers to predict which materials will bond, how the mechanical properties of UC-produced parts can be improved, and how to better design the next generation of UC equipment. The continuum properties of parts made using UC are strongly dependent upon the micromechanics of the bonded interface [1]. Interfacial-scale microstructures can be studied fundamentally using electron microscopy [1] and can be used to correlate atomic and mesoscopic mechanisms of deformation to their continuum counterparts. A dislocation density-based crystal plasticity Finite Element Model (FEM) can capture the statistical distribution of dislocations, partials and various deformation mechanisms at the bonding interface as inputs to predict macroscopic deformation profiles as a function of energy input characteristics. These input characteristics are a function of the process parameters used in a UC machine, namely vibration amplitude, normal force, ultrasonic frequency, welding speed, sonotrode geometry and temperature. Problem Formulation It has been shown that material sheets subjected to UC undergo inhomogeneous plastic deformation through their thickness [1]. Classical continuum plasticity theories do not fully explain this phenomenon [2]. Therefore, a study of strain localization and grain refinement at the material interfaces during UC bonding is required. The following steps lead to the calculation of these localized strains and their effects. Large Deformation Quasi-Static Crystal Plasticity Description The deformation map in space and time is described by the total deformation gradient tensor F (Figure 1). Applying the Kroner-Lee assumption, F is decomposed into elastic Fe and plastic gradient Fp tensors using multiplicative operator theory
23 – Virtual Geographic Information Systems

Interactive visualization is of prime importance to the effective exploration and analysis of integrated geospatial data. For systems dealing with geospatial data of any extent, the two capabilities of interactive visualization and integrated data organizations are inextricably intertwined. This chapter discusses both the capabilities in the context of virtual geographic information systems (GISs). One of the main ways in which a virtual GIS differs from a traditional GIS is that it supports highly interactive visualization of the integrated geospatial data. Visual navigation is a prime way of investigating these data, and queries are by direct manipulation of objects in the visual space. Virtual GIS systems are almost universally useful. With appropriate urban data, virtual GIS can also be used for urban planning. The chapter discusses the key work in the development of current virtual GIS capabilities, geospatial data-collecting organizations, and multiresolution techniques. The chapter reviews interactive techniques for navigating and interacting with data at the wide range of scales in global geospatial systems. The chapter then discusses the application of virtual GIS to urban visualization and to 3D, time-dependent weather visualization.
Connectionism Isn’t Just for Cognitive Science: Neural Networks as Methodological Tools

Neural networks are presented as a complementary methodological tool to common statistical methods for certain types of classification problems. Prior research has suggested that neural networks can classify cases more accurately than many commonly used statistical techniques in situations where a data set does not fully meet the required assumptions, there are missing data, or there is a large amount of variance in several of the variables. There is also evidence to suggest that neural networks are a useful interpretive tool in these situations. Several neural networks were applied to a classification problem involving a problematic data set. The analyses were compared to a series of logistic regressions. Initially the logistic regression models provided greater predictive accuracy than the neural network models. However, as the data sets became more problematic, the accuracy of the neural network models surpassed that of the logistic regression models. It was concluded that neural networks are most useful as classification tools when insight and explanation are of less interest than predictive accuracy in problematic data sets.
The Effect of Solvent Viscosity on Production of Few-layer Graphene from Liquid-phase Exfoliation of Graphite

Prior research into the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite to produce few-layer graphene has focused primarily on the surface energy matching between graphite and solvent; however, the effect of other solvent properties, such as liquid viscosity, have not been systematically explored. In principle, a higher viscosity solvent should enable the production of graphene and other graphitic nanomaterials by liquid-phase exfoliation at lower shear rates than traditionally used organic solvents of low viscosity, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Thus, at a given shear rate, more material should be exfoliated in the higher viscosity solvent. Hence, graphite suspensions in NMP, benzyl benzoate, and propylene glycol were exfoliated at various shear rates in a rheometer. Exfoliant concentrations were measured by ultraviolet- visual (UV-vis) spectroscopy and quality characterization was performed by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Graphite exfoliation in the more viscous propylene glycol solvent resulted in a higher exfoliant concentration than in the less viscous NMP and benzyl benzoate solvents across all shear rates. Benzyl benzoate lowered exfoliant levels, likely due to a poor surface energy match, resulting in particle attraction and aggregation. Characterization showed that at least some of our material is few-layer graphene.
Some Thoughts on Econometric Information Recovery

This paper is concerned with the problem of information recovery and measuring evidence that involves uncontrolled indirect noisy effects data and stochastic ill posed inverse problems in economics-econometrics. Information theoretic methods based on a multi parametric family of power divergence measures are suggested as an estimation and inference framework for dealing with these problems, analyzing questions of a causal nature and learning about hidden dynamic economic processes and systems that may or may not be in equilibrium. The paper concludes with some comments on the implications for information recovery of continuing to use traditional economic-econometric models and methods.
What is a scream? Acoustic characteristics of a human call type

Recent research suggests that human screams comprise an innate call type, yet the defining acoustic structure of screams has not been determined. In this study, participants listened to 75 human vocal sounds, representing both a broad acoustical range and array of emotional contexts, and were asked to classify each as either a scream or a non-scream. Participants showed substantial agreement (Fleiss’ kappa test, κ = 0.62) on which sounds were considered screams. To characterize the acoustic structure of screams, we measured the stimuli on 28 acoustic parameters. PCA and GLMM analyses indicated that the classification as a scream was positively correlated with 3 acoustic factors: one corresponding to high pitch and roughness, another corresponding to a wide fundamental frequency range and narrow bandwidth, and a third negatively correlated with roughness. Thus, the role of roughness in identifying screams appears to depend in part on pitch. Twenty-six stimuli were agreed upon by > 90% of participants to be screams, but others evoked mixed responses, suggesting that while screams might represent an innate call type, their acoustic structure is not narrowly fixed, perhaps reflecting the range of emotions and contexts in which humans employ them. The evolutionary significance of scream acoustics is discussed.
Morice at the Peak, 1720–1727

The documentation for three voyages by Morice’s ships in 1721 shows the inner workings of his multiple-ship strategy during his period of greatest commercial success and upward social mobility. On the other hand, marine insurance records indicate that the strategy, though less expensive than the RAC’s system of trading posts, still tied up a great deal of capital, causing Morice to seek additional financing through creative and illicit means. All the while, Morice enjoyed increasing favor in English society, culminating in his purchase of a country estate and his election as Governor of the Bank of England. The ultimate cost of his upward mobility was paid in the relentless commodification of the thousands of Africans forcibly transported on his ships.
Barriers and bottlenecks in engineering mathematics: Math completion predicts persistence to graduation

This Full-Paper in the Research Category analyzed longitudinal data from the University of Louisville’s J. B. Speed School of Engineering to better understand the relationship between 1) progression and performance in the required mathematics courses for all engineering majors, 2) retention in engineering (year 1 and year 2) and 3) persistence to graduation. Analysis revealed that engineering students who complete the required sequence of four mathematics courses have a 93% graduation rate. What we call math completion is a compelling statistic when compared to the more common first year retention metric, which in our case, leads to a graduation rate of 68%. While few student’s complete math by the second fall semester, many students do complete math during the second fall semester, allowing math completion to be a comparable and possibly more relevant metric than first- and second-year retention rates. This paper further investigated paths to mathematics sequence completion, finding that the first mathematics course (Calculus I or Precalculus) and first-semester mathematics grade are significant predictors of math completion, and hence graduation.
Tracking Citizen’s Concerns during COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19, the disease caused by the Corona Virus, started from Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, and quickly swept the Asian countries with confirmed cases and deaths. Within two and half months, it started spreading to European countries, and to the US, triggering the pandemic declaration by WHO. Governments around the globe have declared a public health crisis in specific regions and nationwide, with drastic measures taken to contain the spread of the disease. Citizens in this public health crisis are going through a wide range of emotions, such as disbelief, shock, concerns about health, fear about food supplies, anxiety, panic, etc., through directly and viscerally experiencing the disease spreading. We present an approach to measure and monitor citizens’ concern levels using public sentiments in Twitter data. Our approach shows temporal and geographic spread of citizens’ concerns during the COVID-19 public health crisis.
Technical Results for Univariate Stable Distributions

This chapter contains proofs of the results stated in Chapter 1, as well as mathematical results about stable distributions. Both theoretical and computational expressions are derived for stable densities and distribution functions. Readers who are primarily interested in using stable distributions in applications may want to skip this chapter and return to it later for specific facts they need.
Towards a Fermi Liquid Theory of the $\nu$=1/2 State : Magnetized Composite Fermions

The Fermionic Chern-Simons approach has had remarkable success in the description of quantum Hall states at even denominator filling fractions $\nu=\frac{1}{2m}$. In this paper we review a number of recent works concerned with modeling this state as a Landau-Silin Fermi liquid. We will then focus on one particular problem with constructing such a Landau theory that becomes apparent in the limit of high magnetic field, or equivalently the limit of small electron band mass $m_b$. In this limit, the static response of electrons to a spatially varying magnetic field is largely determined by kinetic energy considerations. We then remedy this problem by attaching an orbital magnetization to each fermion to separate the current into magnetization and transport contributions, associated with the cyclotron and guiding center motions respectively. This leads us to a description of the $\nu=\frac{1}{2m}$ state as a Fermi liquid of magnetized composite fermions which correctly predicts the $m_b$ dependence of the static and dynamic response in the limit $m_b \rightarrow 0$. As an aside, we derive a sum rule for the Fermi liquid coefficients for the Chern-Simons Fermi liquid. This paper is intended to be readable by people who may not be completely familiar with this field.
Chapter 5: “It’s Always Something”; The Scrutiny of Female Sportscasters’ Professional Clothing

As women working in sports media encounter gender-related barriers, female sportscasters in particular are routinely scrutinized for their physical appearance by fans, athletes, and bosses. Applying critical discourse analysis, we examine women sportscasters’ conversations about clothing-related expectations, examining how women-led collectives deconstruct sexist attitudes and disrupt gender norms related to professional attire.
DebarcodeR increases fluorescent cell barcoding capacity and accuracy

Fluorescent cell barcoding (FCB) enables efficient collection of tens to hundreds of flow cytometry samples by covalently marking cells with varying concentration of spectrally distinct dyes. A key consideration in FCB is to balance the density of dye barcodes, the complexity of cells in the sample, and the desired accuracy of the debarcoding. Unfortunately, barcoding bench and computational methods have not benefited from the high dimensional revolution in cytometry due to a lack of automated computational tools that effectively balance these common cytometry needs. DebarcodeR addresses these unmet needs by providing a framework for computational debarcoding augmented by improvements to experimental methods. Adaptive regression modeling accounted for differential dye uptake between different cell types and Gaussian mixture modeling provided a robust method to probabilistically assign cells to samples. Assignment tolerance parameters are available to allow users to balance high cell recovery with accurate assignments. Improvements to experimental methods include: (1) inclusion of an "external standard" control where a pool of all cells was stained a single level of each barcoding dyes and (2) an "internal standard" where each cell is stained with a single level of a separate dye. DebarcodeR significantly improved speed, accuracy, and reproducibility of FCB while avoiding selective loss of unusual cell subsets when debarcoding microtiter plates of cell lines and heterogenous mixtures of primary cells. DebarcodeR is available on Github as an R package that works with flowCore and Cytoverse packages at github.com/cytolab/DebarcodeR.
Heteronormativity and Gender Issues in Education: Representing Silent Voices through Radical Re-Imagination in Empirical Research

Drawing from gender and queer studies, this article argues for reimagining empirical research as inclusive of the experiences of transgender and gender-minoritized communities hitherto silenced in ...
Cryobanking of human distal lung epithelial cells for preservation of their phenotypic and functional characteristics

The epithelium lining airspaces of the human lung is maintained by regional stem cells including basal cells of pseudostratified airways and alveolar type 2 pneumocytes (AT2) of the alveolar gas-exchange region. Despite effective methods for long-term preservation of airway basal cells, methods for efficient preservation of functional epithelial cell types of the distal gas-exchange region are lacking. Here we detail a method for cryobanking of epithelial cells from either mouse or human lung tissue for preservation of their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Flow cytometric profiling, epithelial organoid-forming efficiency, and single cell transcriptomic analysis, were used to compare cells recovered from cryopreserved tissue with those of freshly dissociated tissue. Alveolar type 2 cells within single cell suspensions of enzymatically digested cryobanked distal lung tissue retained expression of the pan-epithelial marker CD326 and the AT2 cell surface antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody HTII-280, allowing antibody-mediated enrichment and downstream analysis. Isolated AT2 cells from cryobanked tissue were comparable with those of freshly dissociated tissue both in their single cell transcriptome and their capacity for in vitro organoid formation in 3D cultures. We conclude that the cryobanking method described herein allows long-term preservation of distal human lung tissue for downstream analysis of lung cell function and molecular phenotype, and is ideally suited for creation of an easily accessible tissue resource for the research community.
Giants of Orthopaedic Surgery: Melvin J. Glimcher MD.

David R. Eyre was a newly minted PhD in biochemistry from the University of Leeds when he joined Melvin Glimcher’s lab in 1971. Eyre’s new lab in Boston, MA, USA was a far cry from his previous one in the United Kingdom, where he routinely had to hunt for well-worn equipment. Glimcher’s lab featured cutting-edge resources from state-of-the-art protein sequencers to electron microscopes and nuclear magnetic resonance equipment. There was an entire floor dedicated to biochemistry. The lab housed more than 100 scientists, a large program for its day, providing an atmosphere that encouraged collaboration. His lab was even a research center for the training of senior scientists and postdoctoral fellows who wished to develop their own research centers in the basic sciences and musculoskeletal system [9]. “The size and scale of the lab was like nothing I had ever seen before,” Eyre told CORR® in a phone interview. “No one had a lab of this scale. It takes a quite exceptional person to lead a lab of that magnitude.” Melvin J. Glimcher MD was that person (Fig. 1). The scale of Glimcher’s educational background and professional experience matched the scale of his lab. The first tenured Chair in Orthopaedic Surgery at Harvard Medical School at the age of 39, Glimcher was also Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Children’s Hospital in Boston, MA, USA. His work in orthopaedics, clinical medicine, biology, mechanical engineering, and the basic sciences afforded him the opportunity to collaborate with exceptional scientists using the most advanced technological tools of the day. Fig. 1 The scale of Glimcher’s educational background and professional experience matched the scale of his lab. Published with permission from Boston Children’s Hospital. “The lab, and more specifically, Glimcher himself, could infuse you with his enthusiasm,” Eyre said. “You were on the cutting edge of everything. This was high-level basic research. It certainly sparked my interest in research.” Glimcher’s decision to pursue a career in orthopaedics reportedly was based on a conversation he had with one of his professors, who told him that orthopaedics was a “barren field” [6]. But Glimcher seemed to understand the potential in orthopaedics early on, and quickly recognized where the field was headed. In 1966, Glimcher told The Boston Globe, “Orthopaedics in the future will not be simply surgery, or medicine, but a combination of both plus knowledge of the whole area of skeletal structure, its biology, chemistry, and biomechanics” [13]. “He thought he could really make a difference in the field,” Laurie Glimcher MD, his daughter and Stephen and Suzanne Weiss Dean of Weill Cornell Medical College in New York, NY, USA told CORR® in a phone interview.
Compensation and Reward Systems in a Multicultural Context

Series Preface J. Cleveland and E. Fleishman. Culture H. Triandis and S. Wasti. A Model of the Influence of Cultural Values on Job Application Intentions and Behaviors D. Stone, L. Isenhour and K. Lukaszweski. The Clash Between 'Best Practices' for Selection and National Culture R. Dipboye and S. Halverson. Culture and Human Resource Management Practices: Personnel Selection based on Personality Measures E. Stone-Romero and C. Thornson. Designing and Delivering Training for Multi-Cultural Interactions in Organizations E. Salas, K. Wilson and R. Lyons. Culture Diversity and Performance Appraisal Systems: Culture, Feedback, and Motivation G. Ferris and D. Treadway. Compensation and Reward Systems in a Multicultural Context A. Joshi and J. Martocchio. Cultural Variations in Employee Assistance Programs in an Era of Globalization R. Bhagat, P. Steverson and J. Segovis. Work and Family Concerns and Practices: A Cross-National and Cultural Comparison of Ireland and the US J. Cleveland, A. McCarthy and J. Hemelright. A Sensemaking Approach to Understanding Multicultural Teams: An Initial Framework C. Burke, H. Priest, C. Upshaw, E. Salas and L. Pierce. Culture and Human Resource Management: Prospects for the Future E. Stone-Romero and D. Stone
Health Care Utilization and Costs of Publicly-Insured Children with Diabetes in California.

Objective To examine diabetes-related health care utilization and costs for a population-based sample of children with presumed type 1 diabetes (T1D) enrolled in the California Children's Services program. Study design Our data source was the California Children's Services claims data for the period July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2012. We studied a sample of 652 children aged 0-21 years who were continuously enrolled for at least 365 days, had an outpatient visit for T1D, and were taking insulin. Results Compared with the younger age groups, individuals in the 19-21 year age group had the highest rates of hospitalization, T1D-specific bed-days, and emergency department visits. The overall median cost for this population was $7654. The overall median costs per year (and proportion of total costs) were $5603 (59%) for hospitalizations, $58 (0.4%) for emergency department visits, $144 (1.3%) for outpatient utilization, $2930 (23%) for insulin, and $1579 (13%) for blood glucose monitoring supplies. For those who used them, the median cost of pumps was an additional $2162. Conclusion Further studies are needed to provide more insight into patterns of care and adverse health outcomes for children with T1D as they transition into young adulthood. The costs of insulin, glucose monitoring supplies, and pump therapy for children with T1D is substantial and may factor into future policy considerations regarding coverage and cost-sharing with families.
Will Japan's Current Account Turn to Deficit?

The Japanese current account has been in surplus since 1981, ranging from 1% to more than 4% of GDP. In this paper, we review the macroeconomic forces that have driven the surplus and describe likely changes in the first part of the next century. In coming years, structural change in Japan's economy-population aging, the globalization of production, and financial market reforms-will alter the underlying determinants of the surplus. While the net effect of these forces is difficult to predict, the most likely outcome is a gradual closing of the current account gap. We use large-model simulation analysis to evaluate the potential for specific developments to alter the current account, and we assess their likely impact on the Japanese economy.