cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aminoisobutyric acid transport in primary cultures of normal adult rat hepatocytes.

SummaryIn contrast to suspensions of freshly isolated hepatic parenchymal cells (HPC), short-term monolayer cultures of HPC displayed properties of active transport for the amino acid analog aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). The uptake of AIB was inhibited by KCN and iodoacetate, failed to occur at 4°, and was stimulated by glucagon. The apparent Km for AIB uptake by cultured HPC was approximately 19 mM. Glucagon did not alter the apparent Km but did increase V.The Editorial assistance of Mrs. Phebe Summers, Drs. H. G. Dangerfield and W. R. Beisel, and the secretarial support of Mrs. Patricia Kemp and Rhonda Wetzel are gratefully acknowledged.
Coverage-Dependent Modification of the Surface Electronic Structure of an Organic-Semiconductor-Adsorbate Layer

The electronic structure of a hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)/Cu(111) interface is investigated by two-photon photoemission over a range of coverage from 0 to 2 ML monolayers. It is found that increasing the HBC coverage shifts the vacuum level of the Cu substrate until this shift saturates at a coverage of ∼2 ML. Over this same range of coverage, the Shockley and the bare-surface Cu(111) image-potential states are shown to be quenched, while new unoccupied states appear and grow in strength with coverage. The use of momentum- and polarization-resolved photoemission spectra reveals that the new states are modified image states.
Efficient Aerial Coverage Search in Road Networks

Wide-area coverage is well suited for small unmanned aircraft, however common coverage algorithms are particularly inefficient in many common environments such as urban areas. Classical open-loop spiral or lawn-mower patterns typically cannot represent large sub-regions that are unlikely to contain an object of interest that are thus wastefully covered. More general algorithms can maintain arbitrary likelihood distributions but fundamentally solve a complex continuous-space trajectory optimization problem, requiring a trade-off between look-ahead and computational complexity while providing at best asymptotic coverage guarantees. This paper considers generating global coverage patterns in the space of the coverage area, with specific focus on road networks, and mapping these to UAV actions. A new method is proposed for producing and following such patterns with dynamics-constrained vehicles, compared with existing coverage strategies, and shown to be advantageous in many realistic environments through simulations of real-world aircraft. Results suggest environment density as a metric for algorithm selection given a lack of dominance by any one strategy across all environments.
Spectrally based mapping of riverbed composition

Abstract Remote sensing methods provide an efficient means of characterizing fluvial systems. This study evaluated the potential to map riverbed composition based on in situ and/or remote measurements of reflectance. Field spectra and substrate photos from the Snake River, Wyoming, USA, were used to identify different sediment facies and degrees of algal development and to quantify their optical characteristics. We hypothesized that accounting for the effects of depth and water column attenuation to isolate the reflectance of the streambed would enhance distinctions among bottom types and facilitate substrate classification. A bottom reflectance retrieval algorithm adapted from coastal research yielded realistic spectra for the 450 to 700 nm range; but bottom reflectance-based substrate classifications, generated using a random forest technique, were no more accurate than classifications derived from above-water field spectra. Additional hypothesis testing indicated that a combination of reflectance magnitude (brightness) and indices of spectral shape provided the most accurate riverbed classifications. Convolving field spectra to the response functions of a multispectral satellite and a hyperspectral imaging system did not reduce classification accuracies, implying that high spectral resolution was not essential. Supervised classifications of algal density produced from hyperspectral data and an inferred bottom reflectance image were not highly accurate, but unsupervised classification of the bottom reflectance image revealed distinct spectrally based clusters, suggesting that such an image could provide additional river information. We attribute the failure of bottom reflectance retrieval to yield more reliable substrate maps to a latent correlation between depth and bottom type. Accounting for the effects of depth might have eliminated a key distinction among substrates and thus reduced discriminatory power. Although further, more systematic study across a broader range of fluvial environments is needed to substantiate our initial results, this case study suggests that bed composition in shallow, clear-flowing rivers potentially could be mapped remotely.
Surveillance of viral diarrhea in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City in 2012-2013

Objective To understand the incidence of viral diarrhea in Nanshan District in 2012-2013.Methods A total of 227 stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in Nanshan District between January 2012 and December2013, norovirus and rotavirus were detected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR).Results The viral positive rate was 39.2% in diarrhea patients, the positive rates of norovirus and rotavirus were 28.2% and 15.4%.Norovirus were detected in every month of the year and the infection peak of rotavirus appeared in Autumn and Winter. The infection of diarrhea showed no seasonal and age features. Infants and the elderly were the high- risk groups for rotavirus infection.Conclusion Norovirus and rotavirus were the important pathogens in this area. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of all viral diarrhea patients Viral diarrheaNorovirusRotavirus
"Calculating The Toll Of Trauma" in the headlines: Portrayals of posttraumatic stress disorder in the New York Times (1980-2015).

Public awareness about traumatic stress is needed to address trauma as a public health issue. News media influence public awareness, but little is known about how traumatic-related disorders are portrayed in the news. A content analysis was conducted of all articles that mentioned posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in The New York Times between 1980-2015. There were 871 articles analyzed. The number of PTSD articles published annually increased dramatically, from 2 in 1980 to 70 in 2014. Overall, 50.6% of articles were focused on military populations. Combat was identified as the trauma exposure in 38.0% of articles, while sexual assault was identified in 8.7%. Negative themes such as crimes perpetrated by people with possible PTSD (18.0%) and substance abuse (11.5%) were prominent, substance abuse being more prevalent in articles focused on military populations (16.4% vs. 6.3%, p = RESULTS suggest that public awareness of PTSD has increased, but may be incomplete, inaccurate, and perpetuate PTSD stigma at individual- and institutional-levels. These findings can inform advocacy strategies that enhance public awareness about PTSD and traumatic stress. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Training needs of pediatricians facing the environmental health and bioterrorism consequences of September 11th.

Objective: The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks have been called "the worst environmental disaster in the history of New York City." As a result of the extensive nature of the destruction, our objective as pediatricians was to determine the experience and training needs of tri-state child health professionals in responding to the environmental health and bioterrorism-related demands placed on their practices. Methodology: American Academy of Pediatrics members in New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey were sent either a web-based or a paper survey requesting demographic data and data about post-9/11 practice experience and perceived knowledge with regard to environmental health and bioterrorism. Results: Of the 1,396 respondents, 21% believed their practices to have been "very [much] affected" by the attacks. Eleven percent were often/very often asked by parents about air quality, 12.6% about environmental toxins, 4.3% about antibiotics for anthrax, and 4.2% about potassium iodide for nuclear events. Fifty-seven percent and 49.1% of respondents had patients present with environmental health and bioterrorism-related complaints, respectively. Most (86%) reported that their medical training had not sufficiently prepared them to meet these demands. Few considered themselves to be knowledgeable about bioterrorism (23.9%), local environmental issues (14%), air quality (11.4%), or environmental toxins (12.6%). Gender, race, practice setting, practice location, specialty, and level of training were associated with demands on practice. Location, age, years in practice, and gender were associated with level of preparedness. Conclusions: Our results indicate that nearly all child health professionals would benefit from post-disaster education, especially trainees. A role for the pediatric associations in the dissemination of this crucial information is implied.
Coexistence of putative neuromodulators in the same axon: pharmacological consequences at receptors

With the discovery that two or more molecular species of neuromodulators coexist in the same axon (Kerkut et al., 1967; Brownstein et al., 1974; Hanley et al., 1974; Cottrell, 1977; Hokfelt et al., 1980), Dale’s postulate that each neurone contains one and only one putative neurotransmitter can no longer be considered an acceptable generalisation. There are two versions of what has become to be known as Dale’s principle stating that a neurone contains and releases the same transmitter(s) from its various axon terminals (Dale, 1935), and its re-interpretation stating that a neurone contains and secretes one and only one neuromodulator (Eccles et al., 1956). The coexistence of two or more neuromodulators in the same axon makes the molecular uniqueness of the neuromodulator present in any given neurone a principle with several exceptions. Since the number of neuronal systems in which more than one putative transmitter coexists in the same axon is continually increasing (Hokfelt et al., 1980; Lundberg, 1981), it seems likely that in the not too distant future the idealised neurone thould be viewed as one containing more than one neuromodulator. Should the present trend continue, one might even predict that a neurone with only one putative neurotransmitter might become the exception.
Measuring Client-Server Anonymity

The primary intent of clients performing anonymous online tasks is to conceal the extent of their already encrypted communication with sensitive servers. We present an accurate method for evaluating the amount of anonymity still available to such clients in the aftermath of an attack. Our method is based upon probabilities arrived at by the attack of possible client-server association levels for being the real one, along with the correctness levels of those associations. We demonstrate how additionally taking correctness levels into account results in more accurate anonymity measurement than the customary approach of just computing the Shannon entropy of the probabilities.
Abstract 5293: NCI Office of Cancer Genomics: Generating publicly available data and resources for the advancement of precision medicine

The Office of Cancer Genomics (OCG), within the National Cancer Institute, supports cutting-edge genomics and translational research to advance the molecular understanding of cancer, with the ultimate goal of improving clinical outcomes through precision medicine. OCG-supported cancer research initiatives generate and analyze comprehensive genomics datasets, and translate these data into tools, resources, and clinically-relevant information. OCG currently supports three complimentary initiatives, each uniquely collaborative and innovative. The Cancer Genome Characterization Initiative (CGCI) and the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) Initiative collect high quality, clinically annotated, tumor and normal matched tissue samples for both discovery and validation cohorts. These initiatives aim to identify therapeutic targets and biomarkers in some malignancies prevalent in HIV-positive individuals and high-risk pediatric cancers. Samples are analyzed by whole genome, whole exome, and transcriptome sequencing and datasets are available to the research community in ways that protect patient privacy. The Cancer Target Discovery and Development (CTD⁁2) Network combines computational approaches, high-throughput functional assays, and high content small molecule and genetic screens to accelerate the translation of genomic data into discoveries that will inform patient-specific cancer treatments. The Network develops bioinformatics and analysis tools, generates diverse datasets, and further validates subsets of these data. All resources, datasets (https://ctd2.nci.nih.gov/dataPortal/), and validated results (http://ctd2-dashboard.nci.nih.gov/) are openly available to the research community. Data, analytical tools, and resources generated by OCG initiatives are made publicly available and can be accessed through the OCG website (https://ocg.cancer.gov/). Investigators can use and analyze the data according to their research interests. In addition, datasets generated by OCG-supported programs can serve as valuable resources for those seeking to validate genomic findings. For this poster presentation we will present the most up-to-date information about what data and resources are available, and how to access them. The use of OCG datasets and resources by the research community will further the collaborative goal of enabling precision medicine in the clinic. Citation Format: Nadia L. Jaber, Jessica N. Mazerik, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Subhashini Jagu, Nicholas Griner, Martin Ferguson, Daniela S. Gerhard. NCI Office of Cancer Genomics: Generating publicly available data and resources for the advancement of precision medicine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5293.
Significance of early-diagenetic water-rock interactions in a modern marine siliciclastic/evaporite environment: Salina Ometepec, Baja California

Although marine brines are a significant component of pore waters in sedimentary basins, there are few geochemical studies of modern analogues of such systems, especially in siliciclastic settings. For these reasons, we chose the evaporite-associated siliciclastic sediments deposited in the salt flats of the Salina Ometepec, Baja California, for an integrated investigation of sediment, pore-water, and overlying brine geochemistry. Here, the detrital components include quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, chlorite, biotite, and smectite, and authigenic minerals are dominated by halite, gypsum, and K-rich magnesium smectite. Thermal and saline stresses on the sediments of the Salina Ometepec keep both organic and inorganic carbon concentrations in the sediments unusually low relative to other coastal marine environments. Sediment pore waters exhibit little microbial sulfate reduction, and dissolved inorganic C contents are also very low. As a result, we did not observe carbonate and sulfide mineral authigenesis in the Salina Ometepec sediments. Instead, pore-water geochemical evolution is largely controlled by evaporative concentration of seawater, evaporite-mineral dissolution and recrystallization, and diagenetic alteration of detrital aluminosilicates. Evaporite-mineral recycling affects the compositional evolution of surficial brines even before they infiltrate the sediment. Specifically, Na+ and Cl− concentrations are increased owing to halite dissolution. We see significant Br− enrichment relative to expected seawater evaporation trends in near-surface pore water, secondary to dissolution of K- and Mg salts. Because bacterial sulfate reduction is inhibited in the Salina Ometepec sediments, sulfate concentrations are more accurate indicators of the degree of evaporation than Br−, a usually conservative element during geochemical reactions. Pore waters exhibit down-core increases in dissolved Mg2+, K+, and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(H\_{4}SiO\_{4}^{0}\) \end{document} over the upper 1 m. Authigenic K-rich Mg-smectite formation is promoted by the concurrent processes of brine concentration, selective dissolution of K- and Mg-bearing salts, and dissolution of detrital aluminosilicates. Pore waters at a depth of 1 m have 87Sr/86Sr ratios that require input of Sr that is less radiogenic than that of Gulf of California seawater. This Sr is likely derived from weathering of detrital aluminosilicates from nearby volcaniclastic sources. These results show that significant chemical interactions among marine brines, evaporite minerals, and detrital aluminosilicates can occur relatively soon after sedimentation.
Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Support Visual Coordination in Collaborative Problem-Solving Groups

In this paper we present the results of an eye-tracking study on collaborative problem-solving dyads. Dyads remotely worked on contrasting cases to study how the human brain processes visual information. In one condition, dyads saw the gaze of their partner on the screen; in a control group, they did not have access to this information. Results indicate that this real-time mutual gaze perception intervention helped students achieve a higher quality of collaboration and a higher learning gain. Implications for supporting group collaboration are discussed.
The Mysterious and Sometimes Maddening

This issue’s column considers several questions raised by the use of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Form 1572, otherwise known as the “Statement of Investigator” form.
Diabetes, depressive symptoms, and functional disability in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

Abstract Aims To investigate the degree to which comorbid depression contributes to the relationship of diabetes with functional disability in African Americans (AAs), a population at high-risk for complications. Methods We examined 2989 African Americans (AAs) in the Jackson Heart Study who had diabetes and depressive symptoms (CES-D) assessed at baseline. Overall functional disability was defined as the inability to perform at least one task of daily living. Multivariable logistic regression models explored the association of diabetes and depressive symptoms with functional disability. Results Prevalence of overall functional disability was highest with both diabetes and depressive symptoms (54%), similar with diabetes alone (31%) or depressive symptoms alone (33%), and lowest with neither (15%). Adjusting for demographics, smoking, BMI, cardiovascular comorbidities, and hsCRP, the association of depressive symptoms alone (OR = 2.30,95% CI 1.75–3.03) and both diabetes and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.75,1.88–4.04) with overall functional disability was significant, but not for diabetes alone (OR = 1.26,0.95–1.67), compared to neither. In regression analyses including any diabetes and any depressive symptoms together in models, the main effect of depressive symptoms but not diabetes was associated with overall functional disability, and the interaction term was not significant (p-value=0.84). Conclusions Functional disability was highest among AAs who have both diabetes and depressive symptoms; the latter was a stronger contributor. Future studies should explore mechanisms underlying functional disability in diabetes, particularly the role of depression.
SATELLITES AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING | Orbits

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 5, pp 2024–2038, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Debris interaction with different vapors and condensed materials in NIF

When an ICF fuel pellet explodes, the energy produced is divided among neutrons, x rays, and target debris. This work is conducted to study how target debris as charged particles deposits its energy in the stopping media on its way out from the chamber center. An attempt is also made to verify the continuum assumption that is used in chamber gas dynamics calculations by codes like TSUNAMI. 6 refs., 7 figs.
The Connex Array™ as a neural network accelerator

We discuss the parallel implementation of neural networks on a Connex Array™circuit. By estimating the number of memory cycles, we approximate the real performance of the machine. We show how to implement a basic neural learning algorithm. Our preliminary study suggests that the Connex Array™is a good neural network accelerator, due to its high performance for vector operations. The execution time obtained is significant: 5 GCUPS, at 2.5 watts, on less than 1 cm2 area.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia-the Promise of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Discontinuation.

Some believe that tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is as close to perfect as it gets in oncologic therapy. Patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are treated with a daily oral therapy, through which most achieve remission. TKI therapy is not associated with classic chemotherapy side effects, and most patients are able to resume their normal activities of daily living. Moreover, recent data has demonstrated that CML does not affect the life expectancy of patients whose disease is well controlled with a TKI. However, TKI therapy is actually not that perfect. Patients need to stay on therapy forever. They have to remember to take their medications daily. TKIs are expensive, and the financial burden to patient and society cannot be overstated. Most patients’ health-related quality of life is affected; common side effects include fatigue, muscle cramps, pain, edema, skin problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, concerns about long-term side effects remain. Recently several studies have shown the feasibility and safety of discontinuation in a select group of patients. Herein, we will review the currently available data on stopping TKIs in CML.
Functions of SMARCAL1, ZRANB3, and HLTF in maintaining genome stability.

A large number of SNF2 family, DNA and ATP-dependent motor proteins are needed during transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair to manipulate protein–DNA interactions and change DNA structure....
Quantitative analysis of trace levels of surface contamination by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II: Systematic uncertainties and absolute quantification

We discuss analyses of trace levels of surface contamination using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The problem of quantifying common sources of statistical and systematic uncertainties for these measurements is formulated in terms of the needs of extreme ultraviolet lithography, but the results and conclusions are applicable to a broad range of XPS applications. We quantify the systematic uncertainties introduced by particular cases of overlapping peaks on different substrate structures by simulating measured spectra with the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA). One example demonstrates that the relative atomic concentrations of trace elements such as S, P, and halogens on a Ru surface could be dramatically overestimated if the fitting of the overlapping Ru 3d and C 1s peaks excludes the contribution from carbon. We also show how spectra generated by SESSA can be compared with measured spectra to determine absolute amounts of surface impurities on layered samples of the type used for extreme ultraviolet lithography. We provide estimates of the total uncertainty for such measurements by considering the systematic limitations of SESSA and the statistical uncertainties of the measurements. The same procedure can be employed for other multilayered materials. Finally, we describe two approaches for converting XPS detection limits for an elemental impurity in an elemental matrix to the corresponding detection limits for the impurity as a thin film on the surface of the matrix material.
Optimal Process Configurations of Bioethanol Dehydration for Different Ethanol Inlet Concentrations and Throughputs

Abstract Purification of low concentration ethanol solutions is an energy intensive process that comprises a significant portion of the overall cost of biobased ethanol. Optimization models of two hybrid ethanol separation processes, distillation-membrane pervaporation process and vapor-compression-membrane-gas-permeation technology, are developed. These options are compared for different feed concentrations and throughputs. Different feed concentrations change the optimal separation process because the top composition of the column using vapor compression is more sensitive to feed concentration than the pervaporation case. The pervaporation annualized capital cost increases more slowly with increasing throughput, but its operating cost increases more quickly, leading to very little impact on scale on the optimal decision at any given feed concentration.
Workshop 2: Characteristic mode and characteristic basis analyses of real world antenna design problems

The Characteristic Mode theory of antenna analysis and design has received the attention of many researchers in recent years, because it provides a brand new way of looking at the problem of placing antennas on a given platform to achieve a desired radiation pattern; to reduce coupling between antennas in a MIMO design; to achieve a wideband performance compared to that of the original antenna, etc. In this presentation, we will begin by reviewing the fundamentals of the Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) to bring the audience up-to-date with the fundamentals of CMA as well as with its latest developments. Next, we will discuss a number of real-world problems arising in practical antenna applications, and identify some challenging issues that have been encountered by the antenna designers in the process of applying the CMA to these problems. These include, among others, excitation of the Characteristic modes on complex platforms; antenna placement on these platforms to achieve a desired radiation pattern, specified over a limited angular range; determining excitation coefficients of antennas to achieve interference suppression of unwanted signals.
Distributed leader selection in switching networks of high-order integrators

We consider the problem of leader selection in a team of interconnected agents, modeled as higher-order integrators. The leader selection problem aims to determine the minimum number of agents, i.e., the leaders, that are required to receive an external input to ensure a control-theoretical property. The remaining agents, i.e., the followers, update their states based only on local information gathered from the other agents they interact with. In this paper, given the communication topology, our goal is to design distributed protocols that determine the minimum number of leaders and the communication protocol to ensure a desirable property, without any knowledge about the global structure of the network. The main contributions consist of determining the solution to this problem when the controllability and stabilizability are sought. In addition, we extend these results to the case where the communication topology switches over time. Finally, we illustrate the main results by providing a simulation example.
Understanding Attachment Transitions Through the Lived Experiences of Young Black Gay and Bisexual Men.

We conducted a mixed-methods study to identify factors that influence transitions in attachment style between childhood and adulthood among 28 young Black gay and bisexual men (YBGBM) in the United...
Monitoring ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) in wheat and barley leaves by using spectral slope features with branch-and-bound algorithm.

Ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration (C/N) that can illuminate metabolic status of C and N in crop leaves is one valuable indicator for crop nutrient diagnosis. This study explored the feasibility of using spectral slope features from hyperspectral measurements with Branch-and-Bound (BB) algorithm to monitor leaf C/N in wheat and barley. Experimental data from barley in 2010 and wheat in 2012 were collected and used. The analyses prove that leaf C/N is closely related to leaf N concentration (LNC), which implies that it is feasible to apply spectral technology to monitor leaf C/N in that LNC may have been effectivly estimated by hyperspectral measurements. The results also show that many spectral slope features proposed in this study exhibit the significant correlations with leaf C/N. The best slope feature could evaluate changes of leaf C/N well, with R2 of 0.63 for wheat, 0.68 for barley and 0.65 for both species combined, respectively. using BB algorithm with input of optiaml four slope features can improve the accuracy of leaf C/N estimations with R2 over 0.81. It is concluded that using the spectral slope new features with BB method appears very promising and potential for remotely monitoring leaf C/N in crops.
Commentary on A Note on the Dirichlet Process

The papers Blackwell (1973) and Blackwell and MacQueen (1973) appeared in the same journal issue where Ferguson’s article appeared. These papers gave other ways to define a Dirichlet prior and to establish its properties.
Dietary status of Seventh-Day Adventist vegetarian and non-vegetarian elderly women

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intakes of Seventh-Day Adventist elderly women who were similar in many demographic and life-style factors except for choice of diet. Twenty-three vegetarian and 14 non-vegetarian elderly women (mean +/- standard error ages 72.2 +/- 1.3 and 71.1 +/- 1.4 years, respectively) were recruited on the basis of several selection criteria, including race, religion, education, geographic area, Quetelet index, self-reported absence of major chronic disease and use of medications, and physical activity. Average years +/- SE of adherence to dietary regimens were 47.0 +/- 2.9 and 71.2 +/- 1.4 in the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups, respectively. Results from analysis of 7-day food records showed that vegetarians consumed significantly less cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and caffeine but more carbohydrate, dietary fiber, magnesium, vitamins E and A, thiamin, pantothenic acid, copper, and manganese than non-vegetarians (p less than .05). On the basis of group means, 67% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance was met for all nutrients except zinc and vitamin D in both groups, and vitamins B-6, folacin, and vitamin E in the non-vegetarians. Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarians had significantly lower serum glucose (5.18 +/- 0.11 vs. 4.65 +/- 0.09 mmol/L), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (4.08 +/- 0.25 vs. 3.34 +/- 0.19 mmol/L), and total cholesterol levels (6.46 +/- 0.27 vs. 5.62 +/- 0.21 mmol/L) (p less than .05). In summary, when healthy elderly vegetarian women were compared with closely matched non-vegetarian peers, the vegetarian diet was associated with improved nutrient intake and associated reductions in blood glucose and lipid levels.
A program that learns to solve rubik's cube

This paper describes a program which learns efficient strategies for solving problems such as Rubik's cube and the eight puzzle. It uses a new general problem solving method based on macro-operators. The strategics learned by the program are equal to or superior to strategies used by humans on these problems, in terms of number of moves required for solution.
Opportunities to improve measurement-based care practices in mental health care systems: A case example of electronic mental health screening and measurement.

Introduction Measurement-based care (MBC) involves the systematic collection of data to inform clinical decision-making and monitor treatment outcomes. In addition to benefitting patients and providers, data on MBC implementation can also be used to inform quality improvement efforts within existing health care systems. Method The method was retrospective chart review. We collected data on electronic mental health (MH) screens and symptom measures recorded by MH providers. Patients were 28,376 veterans who received MH services in a northeastern region. Results Although rates varied by MH condition and clinic type, screening for alcohol misuse, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder appeared to occur with regularity. MH symptom measurement was less frequent than screening but included measures of alcohol and substance use, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation. Patient demographics (e.g., age, military service era, sex, MH diagnosis) and frequency of clinic contact emerged as significant predictors of symptom measurement. Discussion In this article, we illustrate how data on MH screening and measurement can be organized, analyzed, and interpreted to identify opportunities to enhance MBC practices in MH care. We conclude with a discussion of how large data set analyses can contribute to programmatic MBC initiatives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Unraveling Anhydrous Proton Conduction in Hydroxygraphane.

We predict that graphane functionalized with hydroxyl groups, hydroxygraphane, can conduct protons in the complete absence of water, as shown from density functional theory calculations. Hydroxygra...
Estimating Implicit and Explicit Gender Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Surgeons.

Importance The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a validated tool used to measure implicit biases, which are mental associations shaped by one’s environment that influence interactions with others. Direct evidence of implicit gender biases about women in medicine has yet not been reported, but existing evidence is suggestive of subtle or hidden biases that affect women in medicine. Objectives To use data from IATs to assess (1) how health care professionals associate men and women with career and family and (2) how surgeons associate men and women with surgery and family medicine. Design, Setting, and Participants This data review and cross-sectional study collected data from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2017, from self-identified health care professionals taking the Gender-Career IAT hosted by Project Implicit to explore bias among self-identified health care professionals. A novel Gender-Specialty IAT was also tested at a national surgical meeting in October 2017. All health care professionals who completed the Gender-Career IAT were eligible for the first analysis. Surgeons of any age, gender, title, and country of origin at the meeting were eligible to participate in the second analysis. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2018, through March 31, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Measure of implicit bias derived from reaction times on the IATs and a measure of explicit bias asked directly to participants. Results Almost 1 million IAT records from Project Implicit were reviewed, and 131 surgeons (64.9% men; mean [SD] age, 42.3 [11.5] years) were recruited to complete the Gender-Specialty IAT. Healthcare professionals (n = 42 991; 82.0% women; mean [SD] age, 32.7 [11.8] years) held implicit (mean [SD]Dscore, 0.41 [0.36]; Cohend = 1.14) and explicit (mean [SD], 1.43 [1.85]; Cohend = 0.77) biases associating men with career and women with family. Similarly, surgeons implicitly (mean [SD]Dscore, 0.28 [0.37]; Cohend = 0.76) and explicitly (men: mean [SD], 1.27 [0.39]; Cohend = 0.93; women: mean [SD], 0.73 [0.35]; Cohend = 0.53) associated men with surgery and women with family medicine. There was broad evidence of consensus across social groups in implicit and explicit biases with one exception. Women in healthcare (mean [SD], 1.43 [1.86]; Cohend = 0.77) and surgery (mean [SD], 0.73 [0.35]; Cohend = 0.53) were less likely than men to explicitly associate men with career (Bcoefficient, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.04;P Conclusions and Relevance The main contribution of this work is an estimate of the extent of implicit gender bias within surgery. On both the Gender-Career IAT and the novel Gender-Specialty IAT, respondents had a tendency to associate men with career and surgery and women with family and family medicine. Awareness of the existence of implicit biases is an important first step toward minimizing their potential effect.
Racing Law: Legal Scholarship and the Critical Race Revolution.

ABSTRACTThe advent of critical race theory (CRT) in legal scholarship changed the way in which legal scholars think about race and racism in at least three ways. First, CRT scholars argue that the ...
On Corporate Inequality

Research in the social sciences regarding income and wealth inequality among individuals continues unabated fueling important societal and policy debates. This theme has not been extended to corpor...
Survival with splenectomy in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

8044 Background: The role of splenectomy as the primary therapy for splenic marginal zone lymphoma has been questioned. We studied relative survival in SMZL and the impact of splenectomy on lymphom...
Insects as phyllosphere microbiome engineers: effects of aphids on a plant pathogen.

Abstract Insect herbivores are common in the phyllosphere, the above-ground parts of plants, and encounter diverse plant-associated bacteria there, yet how these organisms interact remains largely unknown. Strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae grow well epiphytically and have been shown to grow within and kill hemipteran insects like the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Aphids are hypothesized to be an alternative host for these epiphytic bacteria but it is unclear if aphids provide fitness benefits to these bacterial pathogens. To determine if epiphytic bacteria could be adapted for infecting aphids, we characterized 21 strains of P. syringae for epiphytic ability and virulence to pea aphids and found that the two traits were positively correlated. For a subset of strains, we tested if the bacteria derived a fitness benefit from the presence of aphids. Some strains benefited significantly, with up to 18.9% higher population densities when aphids were present, and lower starting population density was predictive of higher benefit from aphid presence. However, further investigation found that honeydew, the sugary waste product of aphids, and not growth in aphids, increased P. syringae growth on leaves. This suggests that aphids may be important microbiome engineers in the phyllosphere, but evolutionarily dead-ends for epiphytic bacteria.
Metastatic Neoplasms in the Lung

The imaging findings for specific types of metastases to the lungs are discussed and described, with emphasis on radiologic patterns, including cavitary disease, miliary disease, and multiplicity. Specific imaging signs are defined.
Sciatic neuropathy with preserved sensory nerve action potentials, a case series

Background: Sciatic neuropathy is differentiated from lumbosacral radiculopathy based on the finding of abnormal sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs). Cases of sciatic neuropathy with intact SNAPS have not been well described. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 12 patients with sciatic neuropathy in a single institution. Results: We describe 12 patients in whom a sciatic neuropathy was diagnosed based on a combination of history, physical exam, radiological and electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings. Lower extremity SNAPs were found to be within normal range in all patients, although SNAP amplitude asymmetry between both sides was observed in 3. Included patients were young (mean age of 40.3 years) and mostly female (9 patients). Conclusions: Sciatic neuropathy may occur with a relative sparing of sensory fibers. Recognition of this group of patients should help to avoid making a misdiagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Impulsivity as a multifactorial construct and its relationship to PTSD severity and threat sensitivity

Changes to the DSM-5's conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlight the importance of impulsivity within the context of PTSD-related arousal dysregulation. While the relationship between PTSD and threat sensitivity is well defined, how they relate to impulsivity remains understudied. We examined the relationship between PTSD symptom severity, threat sensitivity, and impulsivity. 124 participants completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th ed (BIS-11). BIS-11 items were separated to define cognitive and behavioral impulsivity subdomains. A trauma-exposed subsample of 39 participants were also exposed to no, ambiguous, and high threat conditions in a threat-enhanced acoustic startle paradigm with psychophysiological response as the outcome variable. PTSD severity was significantly associated with greater overall impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity. Greater overall impulsivity and both cognitive and behavioral impulsivity subdomains were significantly associated with psychophysiological magnitudes across threat conditions in the traumatized subsample. Our results suggest PTSD severity may linked to behavioral impulsivity and both cognitive and behavioral impulsivity are associated with threat sensitivity and hyperarousal. Assessing impulsivity within the context of PTSD, particularly in terms of its cognitive and behavioral subdomains, may provide important, clinically relevant information.
Predictors of Long‐Term Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Score Stability Following Septoplasty With Inferior Turbinate Reduction

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Determine the postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score stability between 1 and ≥6 months after septoplasty with inferior turbinate reduction (ITR). Education level and occupation were evaluated to determine their effects on NOSE score stability during the postoperative period. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS This was a retrospective case series. Patients were included if they underwent septoplasty with ITR for nasal obstruction due to septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. NOSE scores were collected preoperatively, and at 1 and ≥6 months postoperatively. Education level and occupation were collected postoperatively via telephone survey. Changes in NOSE scores were compared between the different time points. Education level and occupation were analyzed to determine if they affected NOSE scores. RESULTS There were 98 patients included, and 56 were male (57.1%). Mean NOSE scores preoperatively and at 1 and ≥6 months postoperatively were 72.1, 17.1, and 12.0, respectively. Patients demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant reduction in NOSE score at 1 month (-54.9, P < .001) and at ≥6 months postoperatively (-60.0, P < .001). The mean 6.2-point decrease in NOSE score from 1 to ≥6 months was statistically, but not clinically significant. There were no significant differences in NOSE score changes based on educational level and occupation. CONCLUSIONS Patients achieved statistically and clinically significant reductions in NOSE scores at 1 months, with no clinically significant differences in NOSE scores at ≥6 months, suggesting NOSE score stability between these postoperative time points. Neither education level nor occupation influenced NOSE scores. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2105-E2110, 2021.
Introduction to High-Level Synthesis

Advanced microelectronic capabilities are widely regarded as essential for an advanced industrial base. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits are used ubiquitously in industrial products, and are critical to the progress of many fields. The competitiveness of the electronic industry requires ever-decreasing design and fabrication times for increasingly complex circuits. In addition, higher circuit speeds, close to zero defects, high yields, and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) produced in smaller volumes are further stressing the limits of design and fabrication. In the design of digital circuits in particulardesign automation(DA) has been instrumental in achieving these goals.
Mammalian target of rapamycin complexes: protein synthesis and autophagy, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia

Abstract Novel targets to arrest neurodegeneration in several dementing conditions involving misfolded protein accumulations may be found in the diverse signaling pathways of the mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR has important homeostatic functions to regulate energy metabolism and support neuronal growth and plasticity. However, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mTOR alternately plays important pathogenic roles by inhibiting both insulin signaling and autophagic removal of beta amyloid and tau aggregates. It also plays a role in the cerebrovascular dysfunction of AD. mTOR is a serine kinase residing in either of two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. New data suggest that their balanced actions also have implications for Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Beyond rapamycin, rapalogs having lesser toxicity hold promise in arresting these age-dependent conditions.
The children's climate crusade

Working pro bono on behalf of a group of young people seeking climate action, environmental leader James Gustave Speth produced a lengthy report tracing nearly 60 years of US federal action on climate change and fossil fuel development. That report is the foundation for this book. Parts of this story have been told before, but Speth9s volume covers a broader period of time, says more about federal encouragement of fossil fuels, and, as befits a legal filing, is richly documented.
Tunable reflective colors in holographically patterned liquid crystal gels

Thin film holographic liquid crystal gratings are of great interest due to their controllable photonic properties. Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) with a polymer concentration of 40-90% is an example of a system where nonuniform irradiation is used to template alternating polymer-rich and polymer-poor regions with a periodicity related to the illumination wavelength. Here, we present a tunable holographic polymer stabilized liquid crystal (H-PSLC) reflection grating using a relatively small amount of polymer (6-20 wt%). Switching behavior from transparent to reflective state will be discussed by heating or applying an AC field. Heating above the isotropic temperature of the polymer-poor regions leads to the refractive index mismatch between the ordered LC polymer-rich regions and the disordered isotropic polymer-poor. Alternatively, the application of an AC field can be used as an Ohmic heat source to induce the thermal color change.