cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF AN AFTERGLOW HELIUM PLASMA.

The role played by individual atomic reactions and transport processes in the decay of a helium afterglow plasma in a long cylindrical vessel is studied by solving numerically a complete set of three-temperature transport equations. Comparison with the measured decay of a laboratory afterglow shows the equations to be realistic. Reactions which are found to be particularly important in determining the decay include electron-ion recombination, metastable formation, metastable-electron and metastable-metastable collisions, resonant charge exchange, and electron-ion collisions. The room-temperature wall bounding the plasma causes spatial gradients in the densities and temperatures to evolve, resulting in appreciable thermal conduction and particle convection. The relative importance of the various reactions and processes is presented quantitatively. Conclusions are reached which apply at least semiquantitatively to any afterglow helium plasma with densities, temperatures, and geometry comparable to those studied here.
The Ethics of Everyday Life

How To justify a poem In a world of statistics. How to explain Time spent dancing Writing, looking, listening When there is everywhere Disability, disease and death. But then again, How not to requ...
Vector analysis of three-dimensional evoked potentials: eccentric dipoles

The quantitative description of three-dimensional cerebral evoked potentials is extended to include eccentric dipolar sources. Eccentricity-related distortions in dipole orientation and magnitude are assessed. The use of nonstandard montages, the prediction of topographic surface maps, dynamic analysis, and theoretical mechanisms of planar segment formation are discussed. >
Correlates of imaginative and hypnotic suggestibility in children

As an extension of previous research by Braffman and Kirsch (1999) with adults, this study investigated the relationship between suggestibility and hypnotizability in a sample of 44 child psychiatric patients. Participants were assessed for various correlates of imaginative suggestibility while controlling for nonhypnotic suggestibility. Overall, nonhypnotic suggestibility accounted for most of the variance in hypnotizability (r = 0.73; p < 0.001), and vividness and absorption were found to predict unique variance in hypnotizability (r = 0.28; p < 0.001) when nonhypnotic suggestibility was controlled. These results support the view of hypnotic responsiveness as reflecting a continuum of suggestibility and serve to further weaken the contention that hypnosis produces an altered state of consciousness. Copyright © 2003 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Fidelity metrics and the test-pedestal approach to spatial vision

This paper has three parts. Part 1 contains musings on the title of this conference, 'Computational Vision Based on Neurobiology.' Progress has been slow in computational vision because very difficult problems are being tackled before the simpler problems have been solved. Part 2 is about one of these simpler problems in computational vision that is largely neglected by computational vision researchers: the development of a fidelity metric. This is an enterprise perfectly suited for computational vision with the side benefit of having spectacular practical implications. Part 3 discusses the research my colleagues and I have been pursuing for the past several years on the Test-Pedestal approach to spatial vision. This approach can be helpful as a guide for the development of a fidelity metric. A number of experiments using this approach are discussed. These examples demonstrate both the power and the pitfalls of the Test-Pedestal approach.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Trimethylsilane-based pretreatments in a Mg-rich primer corrosion prevention system

Abstract A trimethylsilane-based coating was investigated as a pretreatment for Al-2024 T3 in a novel Mg-rich primer corrosion prevention system. SiC-based thin films were deposited onto Al substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). A screening study of the pressure ( P ) dependence of films deposited at 350 °C showed an increase in growth rate from 0.6 to 1.9 Torr. A second screening study where P was fixed at 1.9 Torr and temperature ( T ) was varied from 125 to 550 °C showed decreasing growth rates with increasing temperature with an apparent transition around 300 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the SiC-based films on Al-2024 after exposure to a corrosive environment (i.e., dilute Harrison solution) indicated that samples coated using SiC-based films exhibit higher low frequency impedance (i.e., 100–1000× higher) than bare Al-2024 with open circuit potential remaining 0.1 V higher for the former suggesting the SiC-based films slow the corrosion process. A Mg-rich primer was coated onto the SiC on Al-2024 with the galvanic function of the system determined by EIS. As compared to SiC on Al-2024, a similar behavior for the low frequency impedance was observed for the Mg-rich primer-coated samples with some films exhibiting 1E + 8 Ω at 0.1 Hz indicating a strong barrier property. Initial gas jet erosion using acrylic media indicates the Mg-rich primer coatings are removed in preference to the Si–C films—the first step toward demonstrating a permanent pretreatment. When successfully developed and optimized, the value of such a hard, protective coating is the reduction of a three-component coatings system (i.e., pretreatment, primer, and topcoat) to a two-component system (i.e., primer and topcoat).
Spectrum of Physical States in a Dual-Resonance Model

The dual-resonance model entails an exponentially growing resonance spectrum for the hadrons. It is well known that not all the states which achieve the factorization are physical ones; there are spurious and ghost states among them. We give a general formula for counting the ghost states at any given mass value and also an asymptotic expression for the ghost spectrum. The Virasoro model, in which the leading trajectory intercept is unity, is not considered here. A method for constructing the subspace of real states, which is orthogonal to the space of spurious states, is also given. After removing the ghost states from the real states, the remaining ones are taken as physical states, which then constitute the resonance spectrum. Implications of this resonance spectrum in the statistical approach are briefly discussed.
INCREASED SURVIVAL IN NEONATES GIVEN PROPHYLACTIC SURFACTANT COMPARED TO THOSE MANAGED UNDER A RESCUE SURFACTANT PROTOCOL. † 830

We analyzed the data from the ICST to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic surfactant for treatment of hyaline membrane disease compared to any other treatment in patients with birthweights of 501-1250 gms and gestational age <30 wks. The study population consisted of all patients admitted to the participating nurseries during the study period who met these birthweight and gestational age criteria. We excluded patients with congenital anomalies and patients who were admitted after 48 hrs of age. 12 of the 13 ICST centers participated; six used prophylactic surfactant preferentially and six almost never used prophylactic surfactant. We studied 1097 patients of whom 381 received prophylactic surfactant. All analyses controlled for birthweight and study center. Overall, we found that survival was significantly increased in the prophylactic surfactant patients (84% vs 72%, p<0.05). In addition, survival without supplemental oxygen at 36 wks postconceptional age was also increased in prophylactic surfactant patients(60% vs 46%, p<.05). Although the results were heavily influenced by the fact that nearly all of the patients treated with prophylactic surfactant came from only 6 of the 12 centers, these data support the conclusion that using or being predisposed to use prophylactic surfactant resulted in improved survival in patients at risk for developing hyaline membrane disease. This research was supported, in part, by funds from ONY, Inc and Forest Labs.
Rotational relaxation in the H2,Ar system: A Monte Carlo trajectory calculation

Abstract The rotational relaxation time is evaluated as a function of temperature using the modified Mies-Krauss HeH 2 surface for ArH 2 . The classical analog of the Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck relaxation equation is used to define ( p τ rot ) −1 ; energy transfer cross sections are calculated by use of a Monte Carlo trajectory technique. The rotational relaxation time is found to increase with temperature as does Z rot (above 600°K).
Buprenorphine and morphine produce equivalent increases in extracellular single unit activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegrnental area in vivo

Buprenorphine is a synthetic opioid proposed as a potential treatment for drug abuse. Although buprenorphine is widely considered to be a partial agonist at opioid receptors, little is known of its electrophysiological effects in the central nervous system. Because buprenorphine has been reported to have limited hedonic effects in humans, and since activation of the dopaminergic system is thought to be critical to the reinforcing effects of drugs, we compared the ability of buprenorphine and morphine to activate dopamine neurons. We report here that buprenorphine and morphine are equally effective in increasing the impulse flow of dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area. Extracellular single unit activity was recorded from dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of chloral hydrate anethestized rats. Standard physiological and anatomical criteria were used to identify DA neurons. Systemic injection of buprenorphine (5–200 μg/kg, i.v.) and morphine (1–10 mg/kg, i.v.) produced equal magnitudes of activation in a similar subset of DA neurons in the VTA (buprenorphine: 173%; morphine: 164%). Unlike morphine, the activation by buprenorphine was not reversed by the opioid antagonist naloxone (50–100 μg/kg, i.v.), but this is consistent with the known pharmacodynamics of buprenorphine at opioid receptors. These studies demonstrate that acute administration of buprenorphine has morphinelike effects on the impulse activity of DA neurons. The implications for use of buprenorphine as a clinical treatment for drug abuse are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gender differences among veterans deployed in support of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

BACKGROUND The changing scope of women’s roles in combat operations has led to growing interest in women’s deployment experiences and post-deployment adjustment.
Changes in Soil Phosphorus from Manure Application

Manure and mineral fertilizer P sources vary in their contributions to soil P pools. We conducted incubation experiments to (i) assess temporal changes in soil P concentration for 84 d following application of KH 2 PO 4 or manure (beef, dairy, poultry, or swine), and (ii) to evaluate interactive effects of P rate, P source, and background P level on soil P pools 90 d after P application. Changes in soil P over time were evaluated following the amendment of a coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthod soil (pH 5.8) at a rate of 100 mg total P kg -1 . Water soluble P (WSP), 0.01 M CaCl 2 -extractable P (CaCl 2 -P), and modified Morgan P (MMP) declined to <3 mg P kg -1 soil within 21 d of application, following an exponential decay function; P extracted by anion-exchange membrane (AEMP) and Mehlich-III (M3-P) also declined rapidly and are attributed to the high level of exchangeable Al and Fe in this soil. Ninety days after application, all soil P pools exhibited linear increases in concentration for application rates up to 800 mgP kg -1 soil, regardless of P source. Phosphorus applied as KH 2 PO 4 was more efficient at increasing CaCl 2 -P and M-3P. Manure P sources generally had a greater effect on MMP, and poultry manure was more efficient than all other sources. Efficiency of P sources at increasing soil P concentration (b, slope of linear regression) varied from <1% for rapidly available P pools (CaCl 2 -P) to nearly 50% for more recalcitrant P (M3-P). Efficiency also increased as background M3-P increased from 150 to 750 mg kg -1 soil. The amount of CaCl 2 -extractable P increased rapidly when soil P saturation ([Mehlich III-P]/[Mehlich-III Al + Fe]) exceeded 0.25 mol mol -1 . Manure and KH 2 PO 4 contribute to different soil P pools, and these differences are magnified at high application rates and high background soil P levels.
RZ Leonis Minoris, PG 0943+521, and V1159 Orionis: Three Cataclysmic Variables with Similar and Unusual Outburst Behavior

We call attention to a small group of cataclysmic variable stars (whose prototype might be considered RZ LMi) that have complex light curves fo similar shape which repeat with typical periods of a few weeks. The predictability of the time of each superoutburst and the stability of the shape of the light curve is unexpectedly high for cataclysmic variables, which are well-known for erratic variations in both the timing and the shape of their outbursts. The phenomenon appears to be closely related to SU Ursae Majoris-type superoutbursts, especially since superhumps appear in these stars. The similiarities and differences between these RZ LMi stars and SU UMa systems are summerized and discussed in the context of extant models for the superoutbursts of SU UMa-type dwarf novae.
A Study of Corrosion and Pitting Initiation of AA2024-T3 Using Atomic Force Microscopy

This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract no. F49620-96-1-0479.
Understanding Changes in Teacher Roles Through Collaborative Action Research

The purpose of this article is to present the design and findings of a collaborative action research study that involved five secondary science teachers as action researchers and me, as facilitator, collectively articulating the teachers’ changing teaching roles when the teachers taught with computer technology. Data included interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. Data analysis entailed thematic analysis of data to identify initial and changes in teachers’ roles. Collaborative action research context helped the teachers to perceive their changing teaching roles through collective negotiation. Implications for facilitators of action research include the need to articulate their theoretical orientation prior to the onset of facilitating action research projects and to acknowledge and accept action researchers as fellow active knowledge producers.
In vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

We have investigated the effects of interleukin 3 (IL-3) and IL-1 on in vitro expansion of murine hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells using a highly purified progenitor population. Lineage negative, Ly-6A/E+, c-kit+ bone marrow cells from male mice were cultured in suspension in the presence of stem cell factor, IL-6, IL-11 and erythropoietin with or without IL-3 or IL-1. An exponential increase in total nucleated cell counts and about a 10-fold enhancement of nucleated cells by IL-3 were observed during the initial 10 days. Addition of IL-3 hastened the development but significantly suppressed the peak production of colony-forming cells. Addition of IL-1 also significantly suppressed the numbers of progenitors. We then tested the reconstituting ability of the cultured cells by transplanting cells together with "compromised" marrow cells into lethally irradiated mice. The cells expanded from enriched cells in the absence of IL-3 or IL-1 revealed engraftment at two, six and 10 months, while addition of IL-3 or IL-1 to the cultures significantly reduced the reconstituting ability. IL-3 and IL-1 may have negative modulatory effects on the self-renewal of stem cells.
Transnasal transseptal endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus

A modified transseptal approach to the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland utilizing rigid endoscopy has been developed by the Departments of Otolaryngology, Plastic Surgery, and Neurosurgery at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. When compared with alternate approaches or the nonendoscopic transseptal procedure, the modified approach provides better visualization and increased illumination of the surgical sites. Other advantages include a decrease in operating time, dissection, bleeding, and postoperative morbidity without compromising nasal function in the postoperative period.
The Mongol Īlkhāns and their Vizier Rashīd al-Dīn

The Mongol Īlkhāns and their Vizier Rashīd al-Dīn, Dorothea Krawulsky, Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2011, ISBN 978-3-631-61130-2, 156 pp. Any student of Mongol history will be familiar with the name an...
Translational attenuation mediated by an mRNA intron

Abstract Background: The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular signaling pathway that is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The UPR results in an increase in transcription of ER-resident proteins that facilitate protein folding in the ER. A key regulatory step in UPR activation is the regulated splicing of HAC1 mRNA, which encodes Hac1p, a transcription factor dedicated to this pathway. Hac1p can be detected only when the spliced form of HAC1 mRNA (termed HAC1 i mRNA, for i nduced) is produced; this was surprising because the unspliced HAC1 u mRNA ( HAC1 u for u ninduced) is equally stable in cells. Results: We show that in contrast to most other unspliced pre-mRNAs, the HAC1 u mRNA is transported from the nucleus into the cytosol. Although HAC1 u mRNA is associated with polyribosomes, no detectable Hac1p u is produced unless the intron is removed, indicating that the presence of the intron prevents mRNA translation. When it is produced, Hac1p u has a stability similar to that of Hac1p i , the form of the Hac1p that is produced from the spliced mRNA and that differs from Hac1p u by a short carboxy-terminal tail sequence. Hac1p u , however, is differently modified and less active in activating transcription. Interestingly, when transplanted into the 3′ untranslated region of a completely unrelated mRNA, the HAC1 intron is sufficient to attenuate translation of the preceding open reading frame. Conclusions: We have shown that the HAC1 mRNA intron is both necessary and sufficient to prevent complete translation of polyribosome-associated mRNAs. To our knowledge, this identifies a new way by which translation of a mRNA can be attenuated.
Novel calibration technique for headspace analysis of semivolatile compounds

Vapor phase trap spiking methods have been developed and used for the analysis of volatile organic compounds. Because of their lower vapor pressures, this approach is not suitable for some semivolatile analytes, such as tributyl phosphate (TBP) and dibutyl butyl phosphonate (DBBP). A method was developed to independently quantify TBP and DBBP using a unique trap loading technique, and subsequent thermal desorption/gas chromatographic analysis. Modification of a gas chromatograph injection port allowed methanolic standards to be loaded onto sorbent traps quantitatively. The loaded calibration traps were then thermally desorbed and analyzed. Linearity, reproducibility, accuracy and method detection limits were established and will be reported for TBP and DBBP standards.
Sex and Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease

Significant sex differences exist between men and women with regard to coronary artery disease. Most notably, this lethal disease kills more women than men each year and remains the leading cause of death for both men and women. Women and men clearly have different risk profiles when diagnosed with coronary artery disease and fare much differently after myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting. This review summarizes the sex differences in clinical presentation, diagnosis, and the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease between men and women; and potential multifactorial reasons for sex disparities are suggested.
A zymogram method to detect endoglucanases fromBacillus subtilis, Myrothecium verrucaria andTrichoderma reesei

A purified endoglucanase (Eg) fromBacillus subtilis and crude Eg preparations fromMyrothecium verrucaria andTrichoderma reesei were denatured by heat in the presence of SDS and separated by using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eg zymogram activity bands were detected directly in carboxymethylcellulose-laden separating gels after enzyme renaturation. Denaturing zymogram analysis was a simple method for the separation and detection of Egs.
A new CrV doping agent for polarized targets

Abstract Proton dynamic polarization in excess of 70% has been obtained in a first test of a new Cr V complex which can be isolated in a pure, stable form.
The Case of the Case History: Detecting the Medical Report in Sherlock Holmes

Critics have examined both the influence of the medical case model and the newer laboratory sciences on Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes tales, but they have often overlooked key aspects of the stories' turn-of-the-century historical context. I argue that in response to the indefinite rewards offered by the up-and-coming laboratory sciences and the grandiose claims of many of those practicing these sciences, Conan Doyle chose to circle back to an earlier clinical method and to echo a type of case narrative that provides both closure and disclosure via post-mortem exam. Thus, Conan Doyle's stories, with their breakdown into Watsonian history and Holmesian summation, register the value of clinical procedures by using the established medical case study that ends in autopsy as a template. In his fictional echoing of the case culminating in post-mortem exam, Conan Doyle's Holmes stories draw attention to the accuracy of knowledge that only such cases can provide, and in doing so, Conan Doyle highlights the...
Late Cenozoic history and styles of deformation along the southern Death Valley fault zone, California

Late Cenozoic deposits in the southern Death Valley region have been offset ∼35 km by right-lateral, strike-slip faulting on the southern Death Valley fault zone since Miocene time. Virtually all slip took place prior to ∼1 m.y. ago along western traces of the fault zone. During the past 1 m.y., the eastern traces of the fault zone have been active and characterized by oblique slip, with a lateral component of only a few hundred metres. Movement along these eastern traces has formed normal faults and gentle-to-isoclinal folds that have uplifted fan gravel and lacustrine sediments as much as 200 m above the modern alluvial fan surface. Surveying of the longitudinal profile of the Amargosa River, which flows within the eastern traces of the fault zone, suggests that vertical deformation continues today. The 35 km of right-lateral offset, which is based on matching offset alluvial fan gravel with its source area, refines earlier estimates of 8 to 80 km of movement for the southern Death Valley fault zone, and it is consistent with the geometry of a pull-apart basin model for central Death Valley. Causes for the observed differences in the style and timing of movement of the eastern and western subzones are not well understood. The study area, however, is located a few kilometres north of the intersection of the southern Death Valley and Garlock fault zones. The Garlock fault zone changes its sense of movement from left-lateral strike-slip to east-vergent thrusting against the southern Death Valley fault zone. The resulting compression may have caused the shift in activity and the change in style of deformation along branches of the southern Death Valley fault zone.
Rethinking the Social Studies Curriculum in the Context of Globalization: Education for Global Citizenship in the U.S.

Abstract Scholarship on globalization suggests that new forms of democratic citizenship and politics are emerging, yet the U.S. educational system remains resistant to global perspectives in the curriculum and continues to favors national identity and patriotism over learning about the world. A national approach to citizenship, which is the norm in U.S. social studies classrooms, is unable to explain the complexity of global issues and their impact on students' lives. The argument is made that a new orientation to social studies education is necessary in order to understand and address the effects of globalization. Two exemplary programs that teach about the world illustrate some of the problems and issues with global perspectives specific to the U.S. educational context. These cases indicate that, significant aspects of globalization are overlooked in the social studies curriculum.
Multireader, multicase receiver operating characteristic methodology: A bootstrap analysis

Rationale and Objectives. We evaluated by boot-strapping the conclusions obtained by the Dorfman—Berbaum—Metz (DBM) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method and by the Toledano—Gatsonis (TG) method on a well-known data set. Methods. We bootstrapped in two ways: resampled cases while holding readers fixed and resampled both cases and readers. Results. When an analysis of variance of pseudovalues implies that reader variance and all random interactions with treatment are essentially zero, then case-resampling bootstrap and the DBM and TG methods should give the same results. Case-resampling bootstrap and the DBM and TG methods did give highly similar results for both individual readers and the averages over all readers. Both the case-resampling bootstrap and the reader—case resampling bootstrap gave smaller standard errors for group than for individual reader means, thereby providing evidence for a trade-off of readers and cases with regard to precision and power in this data set. Conclusion. Case-resampling bootstrap provides some justification for the DBM and TG methods.
Nonlinear Feed Effect in Machining Chatter Analysis

Regenerative chatter is a major limitation to the productivity and quality of machining operations due to the excessive rate of tool wear and scrap parts which are produced. Machining chatter analysis techniques examine the stability of the closed-loop model (force process and machine tool-part structure) of the machining operation to determine the stable process parameter space. Almost all chatter analysis techniques assume a linear force process and develop stability lobe diagrams (i.e., plots of the stable and unstable regions in the process parameter space) for a specific feed. It is well known that machining force processes inherently contain a nonlinear relationship between the force and the feed, which is typically described by a power law. In this paper, the linear chatter analysis technique developed by Budak and Altintas is extended to account for the force-feed nonlinearity. The analysis provides insight into the effect feed has on chatter in machining operations. Also, by directly including the force-feed nonlinearity in the chatter analysis, the need to calibrate the force process model at different feeds is alleviated. The analysis is developed for turning and face milling operations and is validated via time domain simulations for both operations and by experiments for a face milling operation. The analyses show excellent agreement with both the time domain simulations and the experiments. Further, several end milling experiments were conducted that illustrate the nonlinear effect feed has on chatter in machining operations.
Standardization of 67Ga by live-timed anti-concidence counting with extending dead time

Abstract It is shown that live-timed 4 πe-γ anti-coincidence counting can readily be used to provide a direct standardization of a radionuclide such as 67Ga with its 9.2-μs delayed state. With an extending dead time of at least 70 μs, measurements may be performed as if the nuclide were a prompt γ-ray emitter.
A Study on the Passive Detection of Clandestine Tunnels

The results and methods used in an experimental study on the passive seismic detection of underground tunnels are presented. The study included the characterization of some man-made activities within tunnels, the use of triangulation and seismic imaging as source localization techniques, and preliminary results of using a laser Doppler vibrometer for detecting vibrational activities within a tunnel. Some properties of the ground that pertain to the detection of tunnels and the experimental methods used to extract them are also described.
Electron-interface phonon interaction in multiple quantum well structures

Intersubband relaxation rates due to electron interactions with the interface phonons are evaluated for multiple quantum well structures designed for step quantum well lasers operating at mid-infrared to submillimetre wavelengths. The interface phonon modes and electron-phonon interaction Hamiltonians for the structures are derived using the transfer matrix method, based on the macroscopic dielectric continuum model, whereas the electron wavefunctions are obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation. Fermi's golden rule is employed to calculate the electron relaxation rates between the subbands in these structures. The relaxation rates for two different structures are examined and compared with those calculated using the bulk phonon modes and the Frohlich interaction Hamiltonian. The sum rule for the relationship between the form factors of the various localized phonon modes and the bulk phonon modes is verified. The results obtained in this work illustrate that the transfer matrix method provides a convenient way for deriving the properties of the interface phonon modes in different structures of current interest and that, for preferential electron relaxation in intersubband laser structures, the effects of the interface phonon modes are significant and should be considered for optimal design of these laser structures.
Is i.v. iron really superior in CKD patients not on dialysis

To the Editor: Van Wyck et al.1 administered 1 g intravenous (i.v.) iron over the first 2 weeks, whereas oral iron was given over 8 weeks. As the rates of administration of iron were different, the appropriate comparison should be the proportion of patients achieving the primary end point at the end of 10–12 weeks and make the results more clinically relevant. In the analysis presented, it is assumed that patients who achieved 1 g/dl increase in hemoglobin at 2 weeks would also have the same response at 56 days. In the interest of intention-to-treat, the authors should also present the data for all patients randomized even when erythropoietin dose was not stable at baseline. The authors should be cautious in concluding that i.v. iron is safe in the long term. Progression of chronic kidney disease takes years and it would appear naive to declare safety of i.v. iron by reporting two estimated glomerular filtration rates over a course of 56 days! Notably, the improvement in hemoglobin with i.v. iron was only 0.3 g/dl more in the i.v. iron group, and 2/30 patients who received the high dose of 500 mg iron sucrose experienced severe hypotension sufficient to visit the emergency room. Thus, caution is warranted, when using high-dose i.v. iron. The authors measured C-reactive protein, yet do not report the data. Change in proteinuria was not reported and the multivariate logistic model for odds of hemoglobin response was also not presented as stated in the methods. These additional data would help interpret the results of this trial better.
Older drivers and accidents: A meta analysis and data mining application on traffic accident data

Teenage driving and associated accidents have been thoroughly studied. With the graying of our population in the United States, a focus on senior drivers and related accidents is needed. Unfortunately, there is not one comprehensive study that reviews the major existing studies conducted on senior drivers and accidents. In examining the literature, it also appears that data mining has rarely been applied in studying relationships between senior driver characteristics and accidents. This paper addresses these two needs by providing a meta-analysis of the existing literature on senior drivers and showing how data mining techniques could be used in this application.
Design, Construction, and Installation of an Intact Soil Core Lysimeter

An intact soil core lysimeter with its insertion device and process was developed to facilitate the collection of leachate and soil water samples from a series of field plots in eastern Pennsylvania. This design was developed to minimize disturbance of the soil within and around the lysimeter. The lysimeter was constructed of 76.2-cm-diam. steel well casing with a 79-mm wall thickness. The casings were cut to lengths of 1.15 and 0.75 m and were inserted by means of direct downward force to a depth of 1 m. An access hole 38 cm in diameter by 161 cm deep was then augered next to the inserted casing for the installation of a collection device beneath and beside the cylinder. The soil-filled cylinder was removed and set on a prefabricated base and welded in place. The prefabricated base had drain holes and a fitting for attachment of the collection device. The collection unit was attached and the entire lysimeter was reinserted into the cavity. Leachate caught in the collection device was removed by pumping through attached surface tubes alongside the cylinder. This design has proved to be efficient and cost-effective. The insertion method kept soil compaction to a minimum while maintaining a watertight seal between the casing and soil core.
Cluster condensation reactions. The synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of Os6(CO)14(μ2-PPh2)2(μ3-S)3(μ4-S)

Abstract Thermal degradation of the cluster compound Os3(CO)8(PPh2H)(μ3-S)2 (I) at 125°C leads to decarbonylation and formation of the new ligand bridged hexanuclear cluster Os6(CO)14(μ-PPh2)2(μ3-S)3(μ4-S) (II) in 11% yield. Space Group: P 1 , No. 2, a 10.427(5), b 13.552(3), c 17.919(3) A, α 84.87(2), β 75.41(3), γ 78.43(3)°, V 2399(2) A3 Z = 2, ϱcalc 2.82 g cm−3. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined (3223 reflections) to the final residuals R = 0.042 and Rw = 0.036. The molecule consists of two sulfido bridged open triosmium clusters which are linked by a bridging sulfido ligand and a bridging diphenylphosphino ligand.
Dynamic Modeling of Shoulder Girdle Range of Motion Limits

For some applications of musculoskeletal modeling it may be important to simulate the passive responses of joint range-of-motion limits. For example, Lemay and Crago [1] enforced dynamic limits of flexion and extension in an elbow model. In cases such as the elbow where the joint can be modeled as a simple hinge, the range of motion can be easily specified in terms of a minimum and maximum joint angle, and the motion limits can be enforced using simple visco-elastic restraining torques against any limit violations. For joints such as the shoulder girdle, however, which involve multiple articulating bones and multiple degrees of freedom, dynamic enforcement of joint range-of-motion limits requires a more complex approach.© 2007 ASME
Moisture Adsorption and Thermodynamic Properties of California Grown Almonds (Varieties: Nonpareil and Monterey)

Moisture adsorption characteristics of California grown almonds (Nonpareil: pasteurized and unpasteurized almonds; Monterey: pasteurized, unpasteurized and blanched almonds) were obtained using the gravimetric method over a range of water activities from 0.11 to 0.98 at 7-50oC. The weights of almonds were measured until samples reached a constant weight. The relationship between equilibrium moisture content and water activity was established using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model. The diffusion coefficient of water in almond kernels was calculated based on Ficks second law. The monolayer moisture value of almonds ranged from 0.020 to 0.035 kg H2O kg-1 solids. The diffusion coefficient increased with temperature at a constant water activity, and decreased with water activity at a constant temperature. The thermodynamic properties (net isosteric heat, differential enthalpy and entropy) were also determined. The net isosteric heat of adsorption decreased with the increasing moisture content, and the plot of differential enthalpy versus entropy satisfied the enthalpy-entropy compensation theory. The adsorption process of almond samples was enthalpy driven over the range of studied moisture contents.
Exploring the Relationship between Gay Affirmative Practice and Empathy among Mental Health Professionals.

During the last several decades, psychologists have placed emphasis on multicultural competence as an essential aspect of training and practice. However, despite this emphasis, empirical data on the effects of multicultural training and practice are generally limited to variables such as race and ethnicity, with very little research on sexual minorities. However, a framework for understanding competent practice with sexual minorities does exist in the form of the concept of gay affirmative practice (GAP), which has been successfully operationalized by Crisp (2006b). Using the GAP measure and scores of empathy, the authors examined students and practitioners in the helping profession to explore the relationship between empathy and level of gay affirmative work. Findings indicated that levels of empathy predicted overall levels of GAP. The authors discuss the clinical implications of these findings and explore how the findings fit within the literature surrounding empathic understanding. Durante las ultimas decadas, los psicologos han puesto un enfasis especial en la competencia multicultural como un aspecto esencial en la formacion y la practica. Sin embargo, a pesar de este enfasis, los datos empiricos sobre los efectos de la formacion multicultural y su practica estan generalmente limitados a variables como raza y etnicidad, con escasas investigaciones realizadas sobre minorias sexuales. Aun asi, existe un marco teorico para comprender la practica competente con minorias sexuales denominado terapia afirmativa gay (GAP, por sus siglas en ingles), que fue operacionalizado con exito por Crisp (2006b). Usando las medidas GAP y puntuaciones de empatia, los autores examinaron a estudiantes y profesionales del campo de la consejeria para explorar la relacion entre empatia y el nivel de trabajo afirmativo con la comunidad gay. Los resultados indicaron que los niveles de empatia pronosticaron niveles totales de GAP. Los autores discuten las implicaciones clinicas de estos resultados y exploran como estos encajan con la literatura sobre comprension empatica.
Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen isotopes in solvent-extractable organic matter from carbonaceous chondrites

Solvent extractions were done on the carbonaceous chondrites Murray, Murchison, Orgueil and Renazzo, using CCl_4 and CH_3OH. Between 2 and 10% of the total carbon in these meteorites is extractable by ordinary techniques, most of it in CH_3OH. After demineralization with HF, perhaps as much as 30% of the total carbon in Murray may be extractable with CH_3OH. The extracts from Renazzo have isotopic ratios which suggest that they are mainly terrestrial organic matter, with lesser contributions from indigenous organics. The CH_3OH-soluble organic matter from Murchison and both untreated and HF-treated Murray has δ^(13)C values of about +5 to +10%. and δ^(15)N values of about +90 to +100%., both of which are significantly higher than the bulk meteorite values. The Orgueil CH_3OH-extract also has a δ^(15)N value well above the value in residual organic matter. Values for δD of +300 to +500%. are found for the CH_3OH-soluble organic matter. The combined data for C, H and N isotopes makes it highly unlikely that the CH_3OH-soluble components are derivable from, or simply related to, the insoluble organic polymer found in the same meteorites. A relationship is suggested between the event that formed hydrous minerals in CI1 and CM2 meteorites and the introduction of water-soluble (methanol-soluble) organic compounds. Organic matter soluble in CCl_4 has essentially no nitrogen, and δ^(13)C and δD values are lower than for CH_3OH-soluble phases. Either there are large isotopic fractionations for carbon and hydrogen between different soluble organic phases, or the less polar components are partially of terrestrial origin.
Shrew‐taming and other rituals of aggression: Baiting and bonding on the stage and in the wild

(1982). Shrew‐taming and other rituals of aggression: Baiting and bonding on the stage and in the wild. Women's Studies: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 121-143.
Ethylene signaling is required for pollination-accelerated corolla senescence in petunias

Abstract Senescence in Petunia × hybrida ‘Mitchell Diploid’ (MD) flowers is characterized by petal wilting, which is observed approximately 8 days after flower opening. Pollination accelerates corolla senescence and associated wilting symptoms are observed within 48 h. This pollination-accelerated corolla senescence was not observed in transgenic petunias with reduced ethylene sensitivity (35S∷etr1-1). The growth of the pollinated etr1-1 ovary physically separated the corolla from the receptacle and the corolla was shed. Under most conditions the growing ovary resulted in the separation of a nearly turgid corolla. When this occurred, the up-regulation of the senescence specific cysteine protease, PhCP10, and the endonuclease, PhNUC1, was not detected. While a reduction in the N, P, and K content of the corollas accompanied the senescence of wild type MD flowers, a similar decrease was not detected in etr1-1 corollas. Lowering production temperatures increased the time until pollinated etr1-1 corollas were shed, and the growing ovary did not begin to separate the corolla from the receptacle until after the petals were wilting. Senescence was induced in wilted etr1-1 corollas, as evidenced by the induction of PhCP10 gene expression and PhNUC1 activity. A reduction in the macronutrient content of the wilted, pollinated etr1-1 corollas was also observed, although P levels were not reduced as much as in pollinated MD flowers.
High and low renin subgroups of essential hypertension: differences and similarities in their renin and sympathetic responses to neural and nonneural stimuli.

Abstract This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the abnormally high and abnormally low levels of renin observed in essential hypertension may reflect different levels of sympathetic nervous activity and to evaluate the alternative possibility that they are due to different levels of renin responsiveness to neurogenic stimuli. Thus, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and renin activity were measured at rest and during 30 minutes of head-up tilt in 43 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension classified as having high, normal and low plasma renin activity during a constant sodium intake of 100 mEq/day. In addition, to investigate the renin responsiveness to nonneural stimuli, the same humoral variables were measured at rest in 18 patients after dietary sodium restriction. While patients were consuming the 100 mEq sodium diet, supine plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were similar, whereas supine plasma renin activity was significantly different among the three subgroups. During tilt, 40 percent of patients in the high renin subgroup had vasovagal episodes whereas only 5 percent in the normal renin and none in the low renin subgroup experienced similar reactions. Excluding the data obtained from patients who fainted, the tilt-induced absolute increments in norepinephrine and epinephrine were again similar whereas the percent renin responses were significantly greater in the high than in the low renin subgroups. In contrast, sodium deprivation caused similar percent increases in supine plasma renin activity without inducing significant changes in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. To the extent that plasma catecholamine measurements reflect sympathetic nervous activity, the results indicate that the differences in plasma renin activity among patients with essential hypertension cannot be attributed to differences in neural activity or in ability to produce renin, but rather are due to discrepancies in renin responsiveness to neural stimuli. Because the renin response to tilt is mediated through the juxtaglomerular beta adrenoreceptors, it is possible that patients with high and low renin activity have different sensitivities of these receptors to similar adrenergic stimulation.
Synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 and reduced titanium oxides via rapid and exothermic metathesis reactions

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide is conventionally produced by aqueous precipitation reactions, followed by annealing post-treatment, which can also cause structural conversions from the photocatalytically active anatase to rutile phases. Solvent-free exothermic solid-state metathesis (SSM) reactions have shown wide utility in the synthesis of binary solids. This paper describes the application and chemical flexibility of the SSM method for the synthesis of TiO2 from TiCl3 and Na2O2. The use of an insulating crucible and addition of a NaCl heat sink to this rapid and exothermic SSM led to improved product crystallinity and increases in anatase to rutile TiO2 phase content. Small particle size products were synthesized at high salt dilution levels. The photocatalytic activity of SSM synthesized TiO2 powders containing some anatase TiO2 were comparable to a commercial TiO2 standard, even though the SSM powders had 30−50% lower surface areas. By changing the Na2O2 reagent to a more oxygen deficient one, Na2O...
The effects of olfactory and frontal pole lesions on the drinking response to hypertonic loading in rats

The drinking response to hypertonic loads can be depressed by frontal pole and/or olfactory bulb lesions. In order to evaluate the role of each of these structures, 36 rats were mechanically or electrolytically lesioned in the olfactory bulbs or frontal poles. Following hypertonic loading by IP injection of NaCl, animals with olfactory lesions always drank like normal control animals, while animals with frontal lesions showed depressed, normal, or elevated drinking responses. These results were interpreted in relation to the known physiology of the hypothalamus and connections between hypothalamus and frontal poles.
More than a great poster: Lord Kitchener and the image of the military hero

Lord Kitchener was once a great legendary figure but the imagery and iconography used to create the legend is less well known. By using his papers and contemporary literature this article attempts to shed light on how Kitchener was regarded by his peers and the public. Instead of the wholesome English traits attributed to his predecessors, Kitchener's admirers and enemies described him as ‘oriental’, ‘teutonic’, devious, cruel, machine-like and efficient, which made him the ideal champion for a country undergoing a collective crisis of confidence before 1914. Thus Kitchener was, in many ways, a new kind of hero.
Insiders' profits, costs of trading, and market efficiency

This study investigates the anomalous findings of the previous insider trading studies that any investor can earn abnormal profits by reading the Ofi&/ Summan/. Availability of abnormal profits to insiders, availability of abnormal profits to outsiders who imitate insiders. determinants of insiders’ predictive ability, and effect of insider trading on costs of trading for other investors are examined by using approximately 60,000 insider sale and purchase transactions from 1975 to 1981. Implications for market efficiency and evaluation of abnormal profits to active trading strategies are discussed.
Role of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Diagnosis of Caroli's Disease

Caroli's disease is a relatively uncommon form of hepatic cystic disease which, in the past, was best diagnosed conclusively by surgical exploration. The present case is reported to illustrate the utility of technetium-labeled hepatobiliary agents in establishing the diagnosis.