cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MATERNAL INHERITANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION: A QUANTITATIVE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL EFFECTS IN A NATURAL PLANT POPULATION

A mother can influence a trait in her offspring both by the genes she transmits (Mendelian inheritance) and by maternal attributes that directly affect that trait in her offspring (maternal inheritance). Maternal inheritance can alter the direction, rate, and duration of adaptive evolution from standard Mendelian models and its impact on adaptive evolution is virtually unexplored in natural populations. In a hierarchical quantitative genetic analysis to determine the magnitude and structure of maternal inheritance in the winter annual plant, Collinsia verna, I consider three potential models of inheritance. These range from a standard Mendelian model estimating only direct (i.e., Mendelian) additive and environmental variance components to a maternal inheritance model estimating six additive and environmental variance components: direct additive (σAo2) and environmental (σEo2) variances; maternal additive (σAm2) and environmental (σEm2) variances; and the direct-maternal additive (σApAm) and environmental (σEm2) covariances. The structure of maternal inheritance differs among the 10 traits considered at four stages in the life cycle. Early in the life cycle, seed weight and embryo weight display substantial σAm2, a negative σAoAm, and a positive σEoEm. Subsequently, cotyledon diameter displays σAo2 and σAm2 of roughly the same magnitude and negative σAoAm. For fall rosettes, leaf number and length are best described by a Mendelian model. In the spring, leaf length displays maternal inheritance with significant σAo2 and σAm2 and a negative σAoAm. All maternally inherited traits show significant negative σAoAm. Predicted response to selection under maternal inheritance depends on σAo2 and σAm2 as well as σAoAm. Negative σAoAm results in predicted responses in the opposite direction to selection for seed weight and embryo weight and predicted responses near zero for all subsequent maternally inherited traits. Maternal inheritance persists through the life cycle of this annual plant for a number of size-related traits and will alter the direction and rate of evolutionary response in this population.
Reevaluation of CMS' Competitive Bidding Program.

Given the ongoing epidemic and rising costs of diabetes in the U.S., it is critical that health care resources be allocated in both efficacious and cost-effective ways. Among Medicare beneficiaries, patients with diabetes consume >32% of total Medicare expenditures (1). In 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented competitive bidding for selected product categories in nine “test” markets. Among these products was diabetes testing supplies (2). The intent of the program was to lower costs without jeopardizing patient health. In 2012, CMS issued its report, stating that it had found “no disruption in access to needed supplies for Medicare beneficiaries” and that “there have been no negative health consequences to beneficiaries as a result of competitive bidding” (2). CMS has continued to make this claim. However, at least in our review of the issue, a recent study may suggest otherwise. As reported by Puckrein et al. (3) in Diabetes Care , implementation of the Competitive Bidding Program in nine Medicare “test” markets appeared to cause significant disruption among …
Short Range and Long Range Dependence

A discussion of the evolution of a notion of strong mixing as a measure of short range dependence and with additional restrictions a sufficient condition for a central limit theorem, is given. A characterization of strong mixing for stationary Gaussian sequences is noted. Examples of long range dependence leading to limit theorems with nonnormal limiting distributions are specified. Open questions concerning limit theorems for finite Fourier transforms are remarked on. There are also related queries on the use of Fourier methods for a class of nonstationary sequences.
MEANINGFULNESS AND CONCEPTS; CONCEPTS AND MEANINGFULNESS

Publisher Summary The meaningfulness of stimuli might be determined by the rules of the conceptual frameworks in which they could be imbedded. Some, if not most, concepts are not to be found in stimuli or even in responses but rather in sets of systematic relations or bodies of rules. The chapter explores an especially clear case involving the rules of language having to do with the formation of syllables in English and discusses experiments in which the set of rules provided a metric on which a psychological distance metric was found to depend. The linguistic scale predicted meaningfulness of the stimuli concocted to test the theory. The chapter discusses the more general case of accounting for the meaningfulness of CVC nonsense syllables. The meaningfulness of stimuli might be accounted for in terms of concepts, but concepts are not to be found in any simple way in the raw elements of the stimuli or responses.
Neighbourhood failures in covert communication network topologies

A covert communications network CCN is a connected, overlay, peer-to-peer network to support communications within a group in which the survival of the group depends on: a confidentiality and anonymity of the communications; b concealment of participation in the network to both other members of the group and external eavesdroppers; c resilience against disconnection. Anonymity is protected using source rewriting in which the network addresses are changed at each hop along the network path. Network membership is concealed through topology restrictions where each participant has limited knowledge of the network addresses of other participants. Resilience requires increased connectivity to protect against disconnection due to neighbourhood failure. In this paper, we propose measures for determining the suitability of both deterministic and random topologies for use in covert communication networks, and use these measures to analyse the suitability of various types of graphs.
On the steady-state behaviour of the autocatalator model A+2B⇄3B, B⇄C in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor

The steady-state behaviour of the ‘ autocatalator ’ model A + 2B⇌3B B⇌C in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) with flow rate as the bifurcation variable is investigated. It is shown that the model gives rise to a structurally stable singularity provided none of the rate constants is zero and all the species are present in the feed stream. When the inlet concentration of species A is greater than three times that of species C, there exist 14 stable bifurcation diagrams. Some of these bifurcation diagrams contain three different ranges of flow rates in which multiplicity exists. When the inlet concentration of species A is smaller than three times that of C, the organizing centre for the autocatalator is a winged cusp. The unfolding of this singularity gives seven stable bifurcation diagrams, which also exist for the physical system. In this case, the behaviour of the autocatalator is qualitatively the same as that of the classical problem of a single exothermic reaction in a CSTR.
Book review: MENTAL SPACES: ASPECTS OF MEANING CONSTRUCTION IN NATURAL LANGUAGE by Gilles Fauconnier (Bradford/MIT Press)

Expert systems are now recognized as key elements in the computing systems of the future, and the most significant applications of AI. Expert systems are already being used in such varied fields as medicine, engineering, chemistry and business.
Ferrimagnetic resonance and magnetoelastic excitations in magnetoelectric hexaferrites

Static field properties of magnetoelectric hexaferrites have been explored extensively in the past five years. In this paper, dynamic properties of magnetoelectric hexaferrites are being explored. In particular, effects of the linear magnetoelectric coupling $(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ on ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) and magnetoelastic excitations are being investigated. A magnetoelastic free energy which includes Landau-Lifshitz mathematical description of a spin spiral configuration is proposed to calculate FMR and magnetoelastic excitations in magnetoelectric hexaferrites. It is predicted that the ordinary uniform precession FMR mode contains resonance frequency shifts that are proportional to magnetoelectric static and dynamic fields. The calculated FMR fields are in agreement with experiments. Furthermore, it is predicted at low frequencies (approximately megahertz ranges), near zero magnetic field FMR frequencies, there is an extra uniform precession FMR mode besides the ordinary FMR mode which can only be accounted by dynamic magnetoelectric fields. Whereas the FMR frequency shifts in the ordinary FMR mode due to the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ coupling scale as $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, the shifts in the new discovered FMR mode scale as ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}$. Also, magnetoelastic dispersions were calculated, and it is predicted that the effect of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ coupling are the following: (1) The strength of admixture of modes and splitting in energy between spin waves and transverse acoustic waves is proportional to $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. (2) The degeneracy of the two transverse acoustic wave modes is lifted even for relatively low values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. Interestingly, at low frequencies near zero field FMR frequencies, the surface spin wave mode branch flip-flops with the volume spin wave branch whereby one branch assumes real values of the propagation constant and the other purely imaginary upon the application of a static electric field.
WEED HOSTS AND RELATIVE WEED AND COVER CROP SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA

The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) causes economic losses in cotton and soybean in the southeastern United States, and has the ability to reproduce on more than 300 plant species. Even when the host crop is protected through the use of nematicides or host plant resistance, the potential exists for other plants present in or near the field to support the reniform nematode population. Because of variations in weed susceptibility, nematode virulence, and environmental factors, determining the host status of weeds to local populations of the nematode is needed to provide management recommendations. To identify the most important weed and cover crop hosts for reniform nematodes in the Mississippi Delta, nematode infection was measured on 53 plant species in greenhouse and field surveys. Subsequent greenhouse and field tests were conducted to confirm the host status of nine of these plants. Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoeasp.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) were identified as excellent hosts for reniform nematode in this region, supporting nematode populations equivalent to or greater than those developing on susceptible cotton plants included in the tests. Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow (C. esculentus) nutsedges were poor hosts for reniform nematode, despite all underground plant parts supporting nematode infection. Sicklepod, velvetleaf, and entireleaf morningglory were reported to be important hosts for reniform nematode in tests in Alabama and Georgia indicating that efforts to manage these weeds across a wider geographic region may be needed.
Use of space-filling curves for additive manufacturing of three dimensionally varying graded dielectric structures using fused deposition modeling

In this paper the authors present a novel design tool for realizing dielectric structures with spatially varying electromagnetic properties via additive manufacturing (AM). To create tool paths ideal for AM processes, space-filling curves were utilized. Using fused deposition modeling (FDM), spatially varying structures were printed that produced a spatially varying relative permittivity. A wide range of varying fill fractions were printed and evaluated, demonstrating good agreement between the simulated and measured results. Furthermore, the authors verified that this design tool can be applied to practical structures by designing, printing and testing a gradient index flat lens.
Deletion of Sarm1 gene is neuroprotective in two models of peripheral neuropathy

Distal axon degeneration seen in many peripheral neuropathies is likely to share common molecular mechanisms with Wallerian degeneration. Although several studies in mouse models of peripheral neuropathy showed prevention of axon degeneration in the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wlds) mouse, the role of a recently identified player in Wallerian degeneration, Sarm1, has not been explored extensively. In this study, we show that mice lacking the Sarm1 gene are resistant to distal axonal degeneration in a model of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy caused by paclitaxel and a model of high fat diet induced putative metabolic neuropathy. This study extends the role of Sarm1 to axon degeneration seen in peripheral neuropathies and identifies it as a likely target for therapeutic development.
A comparison of programmable and nonprogrammable compression devices for treatment of lymphoedema using an administrative health outcomes dataset

Background Patients with lymphedema suffer lifelong swelling and recurrent cellulitis despite use of complete decongestive therapy. Pneumatic compression devices (PCDs), including non-programmable and programmable devices that meet individual patient needs, support long term self-care in the home. Yet, to date, no direct comparison of their relative benefits has been available. Objective Patients who acquired either a non-programmable device (NP-PCD) or a dynamic pressure programmable device (P-PCD; Flexitouch®) were evaluated to compare associated clinical and health utilization outcomes pre/post-device acquisition. Methods Retrospective analysis of de-identified administrative claims from 2007 through 2013 of a large United States insurer. The study populations were defined pre hoc as distinct cancer- and non-cancer-related lymphedema cohorts. Outcome variables included rates of lymphedema-related cellulitis, manual therapy use, outpatient services, and inpatient hospitalizations. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to: (1) compare outcomes for the 12 months pre- and post-device acquisition and (2) compare these two device types for their treatment-associated benefits. Results The sample consisted of 1,013 NP-PCD and 718 P-PCD recipients. Compared with the NP-PCD group, P-PCD patients’ baseline cellulitis rate was higher, while their post-device cellulitis rate was lower. In the cancer cohort, the NP-PCD group had a 53% reduction in episodes of cellulitis (from 17.9% to 8.5%), compared to a greater 79% reduction in the P-PCD group (from 23.7% to 5.0%) (p<0.001). In the non-cancer cohort, the P-PCD group also experienced a larger 76% decline (from 31.7% to 7.4%) vs. 54% decline (from 22.9% to 10.6%) in cellulitis rates (p=0.003). Outpatient service use reduced in both device groups, with greater reductions observed in P-PCD group. Both device groups experienced reductions in manual therapy use. Inpatient hospitalizations were largely stable with reductions observed only in the non-cancer cohort of the P-PCD group. Conclusions P-PCD receipt was associated with superior lymphedema-related health outcomes and reductions in cellulitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pericyclic or Pseudopericyclic? The Case of an Allylic Transposition in the Synthesis of a Saccharin Derivative

When new concepts, models, or theories are introduced in a course, their presentation should be accurate, even if depth is not the goal. In a recent publication in this Journal, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules were invoked in the context of a new laboratory experiment, but the associated description was inaccurate. Here we aim to clarify the theoretical background relevant to the described laboratory experiment, and we describe a new computational experiment that could be used to further illuminate the relevant theoretical concepts.
DNA scaffold nanostructures for efficient and directional propagation of light harvesting cascades

The development of light harvesting systems for directed, efficient control of energy transfer at the biomolecular level has generated considerable interest in the past decade. Molecular fluorophores provide a straightforward mechanism for determining nanoscale distance changes through Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and many systems seek to build off of this simple yet powerful principle to provide additional functionality. The use of DNA-based integrated biomolecular devices offer many unique advantages towards this end. DNA itself is an excellent engineering material – it is innately biocompatible, quickly and cheaply synthesized, and complex structures can be readily designed in silico. It also provides an excellent scaffold for the precise patterning of various biomolecules. Here, we discuss the systems that have been recently developed which add to this toolbox, including nanostructural dye patterning, photonic wires, and the incorporation of alternative energy propagation modalities, such as semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and the bioluminescent protein luciferase. In particular, we explore the incorporation of luciferase into various nanostructural conformations, providing the capability to efficiently control energy flow directionality. We discuss the nature of this system, including unexpected spectral complexities, in the context of the field.
Non-encapsulation approach for high-performance Li–S batteries through controlled nucleation and growth

High-surface-area, nanostructured carbon is widely used for encapsulating sulfur and improving the cyclic stability of Li–S batteries, but the high carbon content and low packing density limit the specific energy that can be achieved. Here we report an approach that does not rely on sulfur encapsulation. We used a low-surface-area, open carbon fibre architecture to control the nucleation and growth of the sulfur species by manipulating the carbon surface chemistry and the solvent properties, such as donor number and Li+ diffusivity. Our approach facilitates the formation of large open spheres and prevents the production of an undesired insulating sulfur-containing film on the carbon surface. This mechanism leads to ~100% sulfur utilization, almost no capacity fading, over 99% coulombic efficiency and high energy density (1,835 Wh kg−1 and 2,317 Wh l−1). This finding offers an alternative approach for designing high-energy and low-cost Li–S batteries through controlling sulfur reaction on low-surface-area carbon. Sulfur encapsulation with nanoporous carbon is a widely adopted approach for Li–S batteries, but this often results in low sulfur utilization and low volumetric energy density. Here the authors report a non-encapsulation approach for the growth of S-containing species with low-surface-area carbon and high energy.
The mir-279/996 cluster represses receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to determine cell fates in the Drosophila eye

Photoreceptors in the crystalline Drosophila eye are recruited by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras signaling mediated by Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the Sevenless (Sev) receptor. Analyses of an allelic deletion series of the mir-279/996 locus, along with a panel of modified genomic rescue transgenes, show that Drosophila eye patterning depends on both miRNAs. Transcriptional reporter and activity sensor transgenes reveal expression and function of miR-279/996 in non-neural cells of the developing eye. Moreover, mir-279/996 mutants exhibit substantial numbers of ectopic photoreceptors, particularly of R7, and cone cell loss. These miRNAs restrict RTK signaling in the eye, since mir-279/996 nulls are dominantly suppressed by positive components of the EGFR pathway and enhanced by heterozygosity for an EGFR repressor. miR-279/996 limit photoreceptor recruitment by targeting multiple positive RTK/Ras signaling components that promote photoreceptor/R7 specification. Strikingly, deletion of mir-279/996 sufficiently derepresses RTK/Ras signaling so as to rescue a population of R7 cells in R7-specific RTK null mutants boss and sev, which otherwise completely lack this cell fate. Altogether, we reveal a rare setting of developmental cell specification that involves substantial miRNA control.
Places: Widening the Scope of an Ecological Approach to Perception–Action With an Emphasis on Child Development

An animal's habitat is filled with places that support activities in daily life. There are places, for example, that afford sleeping, eating, hiding, and gathering with others. Most places reflect ...
Regioselective C−H Xanthylation as a Platform for Polyolefin Functionalization

Polyolefins that contain polar functional groups are important materials for next-generation lightweight engineering thermoplastics. Post-polymerization modification is an ideal method for the incorporation of polar groups into branched polyolefins; however, it typically results in chain scission events, which have deleterious effects on polymer properties. Herein, we report a metal-free method for radical-mediated C-H xanthylation that results in the regioselective functionalization of branched polyolefins without coincident polymer-chain scission. This method enables a tunable degree of polymer functionalization and capitalizes on the versatility of the xanthate functional group to unlock a wide variety of C-H transformations previously inaccessible on branched polyolefins.
A Simulation-Based Approach to Assess Subpixel Vegetation Structural Variation Impacts on Global Imaging Spectroscopy

Consistent and scalable estimation of vegetation structural parameters—essential to understanding forest ecosystems—is widely investigated through remote sensing imaging spectroscopy. NASA’s proposed spaceborne mission, the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI), will measure spectral radiance from 380 to 2500 nm in 10-nm contiguous bands with a 60-m ground sample distance (GSD) and provide a global benchmark from which future changes can be assessed. The historic foci of spectrometers have been foliar/canopy biochemistry and species classification; however, given the relatively large GSD of a spaceborne instrument, there is uncertainty as to the effects of subpixel vegetation structure on observed radiance. This paper, therefore, evaluates the linkages between the within-pixel vegetation structure and imaging spectroscopy signals at the pixel level. We constructed a realistic virtual forest scene representing the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Pacific Southwest domain site. Anticipated HyspIRI data (60-m GSD) for this site were then simulated using the physics-driven Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model. Both the models were first validated via comparison to overflow classic Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer and NEON’s imaging spectrometer (NIS). Then, to assess the impact of within-pixel: 1) tree canopy cover (CC); 2) tree positioning; and 3) distribution on large-footprint HyspIRI signals, we generated the variations of the baseline virtual forest scene and measured the anticipated spectral radiance using DIRSIG. Results indicate that HyspIRI is sensitive to subpixel vegetation structural variation in the visible to a short-wavelength infrared spectrum due to vegetation structural changes. This has implications for improving the system’s suitability for consistent global vegetation structural assessments by adapting calibration strategies to account for this subpixel variation.
Assessing RTAs inter-regional trade enhancement in Sub-Saharan Africa

Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have been advocated as one way of securing trade liberalization by the IMF and World Bank. The study uses the gravity model of bilateral trade flows to empirically ...
The history, theory, and present status of brain transplantation.

After 100 years of experimenting with transplantation into the central nervous system, it appears clear that both specific and nonspecific neuronal and neuroendocrine functions can be restored by grafting the appropriate tissue into the proper host target regions. Success depends greatly on details of donor tissue preparation, technique of implantation, and understanding of the pathophysiology in order to insure the proper host-graft interaction. In a little over 10 years of clinical investigation, the application of this technology to Parkinson's disease is beginning to demonstrate a degree of efficacy that may allow for repair and restoration of neurologic function by grafting into the central nervous system.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CYCLING IN A GULF COAST SALT MARSH

Abstract The Gulf Coast salt marshes in the deltaic plain of the Mississippi River are in a rapidly subsiding zone. Accretion processes are essential for maintenance of the marsh surface within the intertidal range and for supplying essential nutrients for plant growth. Incoming sediment is the major source of plant nutrients for the Spartina alterniflora marsh grass with an input of 23 and 2.3 g m –2 yr –1 of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Nitrogen fixation also provides a significant source of nitrogen to the marsh. Mineralization of nutrients in the sediment from these sources provides a significant portion of the plants' requirements, but the marsh is still limited in nitrogen, as nitrogen fertilizer experiments show. Although there was no increase in plant biomass from added phosphorus, soil profile evidenced depletion of phosphorus with depth. Detrital export probably accounts for the largest losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from these salt marshes.
The Eigenvalue Method

Consider a stationary process (X t: t >0) and a first hitting time T = min{t: Xt ∊ B}. Under many circumstances one can show that T must have an exponential tail: $$P(T > t) \sim A\exp ( - \lambda t)ast \to \infty $$ and give an eigenvalue interpretation to λ. (In discrete time, “exponential” becomes “geometric”, of course.) In the simplest example of finite Markov chains this is a consequence of Perron-Frobenius theory reviewed below. See Seneta (1981) and Asmussen (1987) for more details.
PA 20-2-1227 Using small area estimation techniques to examine geographic trends in suicide rates in the united states

Background Since 2008, suicide has ranked as the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.), with nearly 45 000 suicides occurring in 2016. Suicide rates vary by state, with higher rates in the West. To target prevention efforts, a detailed understanding of geographic variation is needed, however interpreting county-level suicide rates can be challenging because rates based on small numbers can be unstable and highly variable year-to-year. Objective To use small area estimation methods to generate stable estimates of annual county-level suicide rates for 2005 through 2015 and to examine variation across counties by geography and over time. Methods Suicides were identified from National Vital Statistics System Mortality Data using ICD-10 underlying cause codes U03, X60-X84, Y87.0. Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to estimate suicide rates for 3140 counties. Models included time-varying county-level covariates representing risk factors for suicide (demographic, socioeconomic and health- and crime-related characteristics) and included terms to account for spatial and temporal dependence. Model-based estimates were mapped to explore geographic and temporal patterns and examine urban-rural differences. Findings From 2005 to 2015, model-based county-level suicide rates increased by at least 10% for 99% of counties, with 87% of counties showing increases of 20% or more. Counties with the highest model-based rates were consistently located across the western and northwestern U.S.; geographic patterns did not change over time. Rural counties had higher estimated rates than urban counties, and saw the largest increases in rates during the study period. Conclusion Small area estimation methods can be used to overcome many of the challenges associated with examining geographic variation in suicide rates at a more granular level. Policy implications Maps of model-based estimates can help target prevention efforts both within and across state boundaries, and inform research on community-level risk and protective factors for suicide mortality.
Adamantinoma of bone: Long-term follow-up of 46 consecutive patients.

BACKGROUND Adamantinomas are rare bone tumors, commonly affecting the tibia. Due to the rare nature of disease, previous studies are small or from multiple centers. The purpose of this study is to investigate outcomes of patients with adamantinoma treated in a single institution. METHODS Forty-six histological confirmed adamantinomas of the extremities were reviewed at our institution between 1939 and 2012. Follow-up data included clinical and radiographical information focusing on complications, local recurrence, metastasis, and overall survival after the treatment. The mean follow-up was 16 years (range 2-42 years). RESULTS The most common location was the tibia (n = 31). Patients commonly presented with pain and swelling. The mean age was 24 years (7-79 years). Thirty-seven patients were treated with limb salvage. The 39% of patients required a reoperation. The 10-year disease specific- and recurrence free survival was 92% and 72%, with three patients having a recurrence over 15 years postoperative. Older (> 20 years) patients and males were at increased risk of local recurrence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Treatment of adamantinoma of the long bone consists of limb-salvage surgery. Male patients should be cautioned on their increased risk of disease recurrence, and advocate for continued surveillance of patients even greater than 15-years postoperatively due to late tumor recurrence.
ABCB10 deletion in cardiomyocytes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and early death

Oxidative stress is a major driver of the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases; however, there are currently no effective antioxidant therapies. We have identified the mitochondrial transporter ABCB10 as a potential component of a novel cardiac antioxidant system. Hearts from mice with a heterozygous deletion of ABCB10 had decreased cardiac function and increased oxidative stress after ischemia reperfusion; perfusion with an antioxidant corrected the phenotype suggesting the potential of ABCB10 as an antioxidant. To test the role of ABCB10 in cardiomyocytes, we developed a cardiomyocyte-specific ABCB10 homozygous knockout mouse (CM-ABCB10 -/-) using Myh6 cre. Mitochondria were isolated from the hearts of CM-ABCB10 -/- and wild type control mice (WT). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using Amplex Ultra Red, and oxygen consumption was measured using Seahorse. CM-ABCB10 -/- mice died earlier than WT cre+ controls. At 10 months of age, only 29% of CM-ABCB10 -/- mice were alive (n=5/17), compared to 86% of wild type cre+ controls (n=13/15, p
Effect of Storage Temperature and Seed Moisture on Germination of Stored Flowering Dogwood Seed

Abstract Dogwood producers occasionally face a shortage of flowering dogwood seed. Storing excess seed during years when seed are abundant would allow growers to stabilize their seed supply. This s...
The Disappearing Aggregate Ratchet Effect

This study investigates the effect of SEC Rule 10b-18 on long-run aggregate payout ratios and the information content hypothesis. Prior to 1984, long-run aggregate payout ratios are mean reverting and signal higher future earnings growth. The subsequent significant rise in repurchase activity in 1984 eliminates the pre-1984 mean reversion and information content of aggregate payout ratios. After 1984, payout ratios are not mean reverting and do not signal aggregate future earnings growth. Therefore, the expansion of firm choice regarding payout form has caused the ratchet effect to disappear.
Traductologie et double réflexivité : genèse de TTR et sociologie de la traduction de la littérature anglo-américaine en français

Il s’agit dans le present article d’effectuer une analyse en « double reflexivite », c’est-a-dire une analyse de l’habitus de la traductrice ou du traducteur sur les objets traductifs et une analyse de l’habitus du traductologue qui realise son auto-analyse en relation avec ses recherches. Je tente d’effectuer une double reflexivite depuis la genese de TTR (1987) jusqu’a la publication de mon premier article sur la sociologie de la traduction (1994) et des monographies qui ont suivi. J’interroge d’abord la pertinence de Bourdieu pour ce qui est des recherches en traduction et j’aboutis a une justification de l’emploi des idees sociales du sociologue en traductologie. Sur la base des notions de champ, d’habitus et d’illusio sont analyses les textes a l’etude dans les espaces sources et cibles. Puis, operant un bref retour sur l’histoire de la traductologie, j’examine les conditions de l’emergence de TTR. J’aborde enfin la litterature anglo-americaine traduite et/ou adaptee dans les champs de la litterature francaise : le roman d’aventures anglo-americain dans l’espace litteraire francais pour les jeunes (1826-1960); le roman realiste anglo-americain dans le champ litteraire francais (1920-1960); la science-fiction americaine dans l’espace culturel francais des annees 1950; les metamorphoses du roman policier anglo-americain en francais (Serie Noire, 1945-1960). En conclusion est brievement rappele ce qui distingue l’agent traductif de l’agent traductologique et ce en quoi consistent le champ de la traductologie et ses enjeux.
Understanding Older Workers’ Decisions to Participate in Voluntary Training Opportunities

Abstract. Age-related changes in training decisions were examined using a within-subject experimental design presenting training framing cues of topic (generativity vs. non-generativity), goal (dir...
Introduction to the special issue gender and white-collar crime

In 2015 Erin Harbinson, then a PhD candidate in criminal justice at the University of Cincinnati approached the U. S. Probation and Pre-Trial Services Office (PPSO) and offered to conduct a study o...
Spoken Word Recognition

Publisher Summary Spoken word recognition is a distinct subsystem providing the interface among low-level perception and cognitive processes of retrieval, parsing, and interpretation. The narrowest conception of the process of recognizing a spoken word is that it starts from a string of phonemes, establishes how these phonemes should be grouped to form words, and passes these words onto the next level of processing. Some theories, though, take a broader view and blur the distinctions among speech perception, spoken word recognition, and sentence processing. The broader view of spoken word recognition has empirical and theoretical motivations. One consideration is that by assuming that the input to spoken word recognition is a string of abstract, phonemic category labels, one implicitly assumes that the nonphonemic variability carried on the speech signal is not relevant for spoken word recognition and higher levels of processing. However, if this variability and detail is not random but is lawfully related to linguistic categories, the simplifying assumption that the output of speech perception is a string of phonemes may actually be a complicating assumption.
Isolation and Enrichment of Human Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells for Organoid Culture.

Epithelial organoid models serve as valuable tools to study the basic biology of an organ system and for disease modeling. When grown as organoids, epithelial progenitor cells can self-renew and generate differentiating progeny that exhibit cellular functions similar to those of their in vivo counterparts. Herein we describe a step-by-step protocol to isolate region-specific progenitors from human lung and generate 3D organoid cultures as an experimental and validation tool. We define proximal and distal regions of the lung with the goal of isolating region-specific progenitor cells. We utilized a combination of enzymatic and mechanical dissociation to isolate total cells from the lung and trachea. Specific progenitor cells were then fractionated from the proximal or distal origin cells using fluorescence associated cell sorting (FACS) based on cell type-specific surface markers, such as NGFR for sorting basal cells and HTII-280 for sorting alveolar type II cells. Isolated basal or alveolar type II progenitors were used to generate 3D organoid cultures. Both distal and proximal progenitors formed organoids with a colony forming efficiency of 9-13% in distal region and 7-10% in proximal region when plated 5000 cell/well on day 30. Distal organoids maintained HTII-280+ alveolar type II cells in culture whereas proximal organoids differentiated into ciliated and secretory cells by day 30. These 3D organoid cultures can be used as an experimental tool for studying the cell biology of lung epithelium and epithelial mesenchymal interactions, as well as for the development and validation of therapeutic strategies targeting epithelial dysfunction in a disease.
Recording and quantifying fetal magnetocardiography signals using a flexible array of optically-pumped magnetometers.

Objective Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) is a non-invasive biomagnetic technique that provides detailed beat-to-beat fetal heart rate analysis, both in normal rhythm as well as in fetal arrhythmias. New cryogenic-free sensors called optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have emerged as a less expensive and more geometrically flexible alternative to traditional Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) technology for performing fMCG. The objective of the study was to show the ability of OPMs to record fMCG using flexible geometry while seeking to preserve signal quality, and to quantify fetal heart rate variability (FHRV). Approach Biomagnetic measurements were performed with OPMs in 24 healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies between 28 and 38 weeks gestation (GA). A total of 96 recordings were analyzed from OPM data that was collected using sensors placed in two different maternal configurations over the abdomen. The fMCG signals were extracted and the quality of the recordings were quantified by peak amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). R peaks were used to perform both time and frequency domain FHRV analysis. FHRV measures obtained from OPMs were compared descriptively to the same measures obtained from GA-matched existing SQUID data. Main results The fMCG derived from OPMs were observed in 21 of the 24 participants. Higher detection rates (85%) of fMCG signals were observed in the data sets recorded at GA >32 weeks. Peak amplitudes and SNR values were similar between two maternal configurations, but peak amplitudes were significantly higher (p = 0.013) in late GA compared to early GA. FHRV indicators were successfully extracted and their values overlapped substantially with those obtained from SQUID recordings. Significance Taking advantage of the geometric flexibility of the OPMs, we have demonstrated their ability to record and quantify fMCG in different maternal positions as opposed to rigid SQUID configurations.
Through a Glass Darkly: How Natural Science and Technical Communities Looked at Social Science Advances in Understanding Risk

This article is one piece in a series of articles that reflect on advances in ideas about risk made by social science over the past 40 years and more. It differs from the other articles: its focus is not on specific advances themselves, but rather on how those advances were received and were encouraged or discouraged by the natural science and technical members of the risk community. Thus, the principal goal of this article is to provide some context for the other articlers in this series. Those articles describe work and intellectual developments that consider human responses to particular sorts of issues, concerns, and needs that relate to risk. The framing of this work was partly driven and shaped by natural science and engineering communities. It is illuminating to reflect on how these technical communities viewed the social science developments and on the perspectives they brought to the framing of issues and concerns. Their views are described in three minihistories of risk developments pertaining to nuclear accidents, high level radioactive waste disposal, and toxic chemicals. After considering common themes among the stories, the article considers characteristics of expert communities and their implications. It then concludes with discussions of its secondary goals, (i) a look at some opportunities for future social science studies relating to risk, (ii) a consideration of the extent to which risk analysis and broader considerations of risk can be considered a truly interdisciplinary field rather than a loose assemblage of perspectives.
The River Corridor's Evolving Connectivity of Lotic and Lentic Waters

River corridors supply a substantial proportion of the fresh water for societal and ecological needs. Individual functions of flowing (lotic) streams and rivers and ponded (lentic) waterbodies such as lakes and reservoirs are well studied, but their collective functions are not as well understood. Here we bring together nationally consistent river corridor datasets to characterize the contributions of lotic and lentic features and to estimate changes over the past centuries. High-resolution datasets describing waterbodies across 10 million kilometers of the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) river network were classified by waterbody type and origin (historic versus human-made or intensively managed), surface areal coverage, and degree of connectivity as estimated by a change in water residence timescale in river corridors. Four centuries of human disturbance drove large swings in river corridor makeup, with a transition towards more lotic systems caused by beaver extirpation and abandonment of waterwheel mill ponds by end of the 19th century. The twentieth century saw a vast expansion (49%) in river corridor areal coverage resulting from construction and management of small ponds for drinking water, hydropower, irrigation and livestock watering, and stormwater control. As a result, water residence timescale in river corridors doubled or quadrupled over large areas, and more in specific locations, during the twentieth century as a result of the increased coverage of reservoirs and managed small ponds. Although reservoirs and lakes now dominate river corridor surface areas, we found that the growing number of small ponds impacts a greater proportion of network length through their influence on headwater streams where most water and chemical runoff enters the river corridor. We close with an agenda for integrated modeling of the physical, biogeochemical, and ecological drivers of river corridor functions, trajectories of change, and management opportunities.
Real-time Monitoring of Autonomous Vehicle's Time Gap Variations: A Bayesian Framework.

This paper proposes a novel monitoring methodology for car-following control of automated vehicles that uses real-time measurements of spacing and velocity obtained through vehicle sensors. This study focuses on monitoring the time gap, a key parameter that dictates the desired following spacing of the controlled vehicle. The goal is to monitor deviations in actual time gap from a desired setting and detect when it deviates beyond a control limit. A random coefficient modeling is developed to systematically capture the stochastic distribution of the time gap and derive a closed-form Bayesian updating scheme for real-time inference. A control chart is then adopted to systematically set the control limits and inform when the time gap setting should be changed. Simulation experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposes method for monitoring the time gap and alerting when the parameter setting needs to be changed.
From Conflict to Communion: Ecclesiology at the Center of Recent Lutheran-Orthodox Dialogues and the 2016 Orthodox Council of Crete

This essay first briefly outlines the history of the Orthodox-Lutheran dialogue, beginning in the sixteenth century, when the Ecumenical Patriarchate had contacts with Melanchthon and Tubingen’s theologians, up to today’s dialogue, focused on ecclesiology. Then, to anticipate the direction of future Orthodox-Lutheran dialogues, it addresses three themes that were prominent at the 2016 Council of Crete: first, under the influence of anti-ecumenical elements, the council did not consistently designate Western Christians as “churches,” instead using “confessions” or “communities,” which is a most recent innovation; second, the Lutheran-Orthodox dialogue will have to seriously consider the role of politics in ecclesial matters, since both our churches have suffered over the centuries from the state’s hindering of Church unity; and third, despite paralyzing intra-Orthodox dynamics and negative experiences at the WCC that have now been addressed, Orthodoxy remains committed to ecumenical dialogue, now with a conciliar mandate.
Actinide cyanometallates

Simple salts of the tetracyanoplatinate (TCP) anions with the general formula M[Pt(CN)4]x·H2O have been described for over 200 years. A major structural feature of these compounds are pseudo one dimensional Pt···Pt interactions between the square planar tetracyanoplatinate anions. These interactions form quasi one-dimensional chains in the solid state and are believed to be the source of their unique spectroscopic and emission properties. The lanthanides offer the ability to tune the Pt···Pt spacing of these pseudo one dimensional chains, predictably by taking advantage of the lanthanide contraction. Here, we describe the emission and structural characteristics of new actinide tetracyanometallates.
The Trinity 2.0 Arrangement of Sraffa Papers Section D3/12: Notes on Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities

With the uploading of the digital images on the Wren website in their raw form, Sraffa’s wishes are being honored and respected. However, there is a downside to this too in that the material as it appears is vastly disorganized in terms of its structure, conceptual clarity, and analytical cogency. It is to the provision of this much-needed clarity and cogency that the pages below are directed. This takes the form of the Trinity 2.0 arrangement of Sraffa’s archival material, primarily an online endeavor that, beginning with the “mass of old notes” used in preparation of PCMC (archived at D3/12), organically interfaces the different conventions that have heretofore been applied to the material. This develops a complementary co-convention which renders Sraffa’s archival material better prepared for scientific study. Deep study of the archive requires that not only the individual pages written be studied, but also that the overall structure and content of the material be understood and contextualized. This is especially important for a scholar whose archival legacy is as rich and whose theoretical foundations as robust as Sraffa’s. The Trinity 2.0 arrangement attempts to provide this much needed structure and context by viewing the entirety of the material as a complete organic text and organizing upon this foundation. To date, Trinity 2.0 has been developed for the first 102 of the 115 files in Wren Trinity Sections D3/12 Sraffa’s Notes on PCMC, as well as Section D2/4 which contain Sraffa’s Lecture Notes on the Advanced Theory of Value given in 1928-31.
Learning in the Counterspace of Not School

This article considers the way that intergenerational familial settings have functioned as counterspaces where deficit narratives are challenged and youth identities are affirmed. These counterspac...