cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WoZ Way: Enabling Real-time Remote Interaction Prototyping & Observation in On-road Vehicles

Interaction designers often have difficulty understanding people's real-world experiences with ubiquitous systems. The automobile is a great example of these challenges, where on-road testing is time-consuming and provides little ability for rapid prototyping of interface behavior. We introduce WoZ Way, a system to connect designers to remote drivers. We use live video, audio, car data, and Wizard of Oz speech and interfaces to enable remote observation and interaction prototyping on the road. Our implementation integrates environmental, system level, and social information to make the invisible visible. We tested across three example deployments highlighting usage in interaction prototyping and observational studies. Our findings illustrate how designers explored the situated experiences of people on the road, and how they experimented with different improvisational Wizard of Oz interactions. WoZ Way is both a design research and a design prototyping tool, which can support the work of interaction designers through naturalistic observations, contextual inquiry, and responsive interaction prototyping.
Inflammation: Old, caffeinated, and healthy.

Inflammation is a recognized component of many diseases, including atherosclerosis and its complications. IL-1β is a crucial cytokine promoting the inflammatory cascade. In the February 2017 issue of Nature Medicine, Furman et al. show that metabolites can trigger inflammation via inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production in elderly individuals. Intriguingly, caffeine is protective by offsetting this activation.
Structure of Energetic Particle Mediated Shocks Revisited

The structure of collisionless shock waves is often modified by the presence of energetic particles that are not equilibrated with the thermal plasma (such as pickup ions [PUIs] and solar energetic particles [SEPs]). This is relevant to the inner and outer heliosphere and the Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM), where observations of shock waves (e.g., in the inner heliosphere) show that both the magnetic field and thermal gas pressure are less than the energetic particle component pressures. Voyager 2 observations revealed that the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) is very broad and mediated by energetic particles. PUIs and SEPs contribute both a collisionless heat flux and a higher-order viscosity. We show that the incorporation of both effects can completely determine the structure of collisionless shocks mediated by energetic ions. Since the reduced form of the PUI-mediated plasma model is structurally identical to the classical cosmic ray two-fluid model, we note that the presence of viscosity, at least formally, eliminates the need for a gas sub-shock in the classical two-fluid model, including in that regime where three are possible. By considering parameters upstream of the HTS, we show that the thermal gas remains relatively cold and the shock is mediated by PUIs. We determine the structure of the weak interstellar shock observed by Voyager 1. We consider the inclusion of the thermal heat flux and viscosity to address the most general form of an energetic particle-thermal plasma two-fluid model.
Abandoned but Not Forgotten: Providing Access While Protecting Foster Youth from Online Risks

Teens in the foster care system often have histories that involve severe trauma, such as physical and sexual abuse, substance use, incarceration, and early pregnancy. While studies have investigated foster teens' engagement with high-risk behaviors offline, there is a dearth of information regarding foster teens and their engagement in online activities that may facilitate increased risk behaviors. Moreover, the extent to which technology acts as a positive versus negative influence on foster youth is unclear. We synthesize the current literature on foster youth and online safety to illustrate: 1) the tensions between providing access to networked technologies versus keeping foster youth safe from risks, 2) the lack of empirical research or technology-based interventions to ensure the online safety of foster youth, and 3) the importance of pursuing future research to design solutions that can alleviate some of these tensions. Our goal is to inform researchers, designers, and educators on the importance of keeping in mind the needs of particularly vulnerable populations, such as teens within the foster care system, when designing interactive systems.
CARNITINE AND ITS ROLE IN FATTY ACID METABOLISM.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes carnitine and its role in fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine (s-hydroxy-γ-trimethylammonium butyrate) is widely distributed in tissues of animals, plants, and microorganisms, with highest concentrations in muscles of vertebrates and invertebrates. It has the property of increasing oxygen consumption and catalytically stimulating long- chain fatty acid oxidation by a variety of suitable tissue preparations, of which heart responds to the greatest degree. Carnitine is unable to substitute for dietary choline in the prevention of fatty liver formation in rats or as a growth factor in several choline-requiring organisms. In two species of the order Diptera, however, carnitine can replace choline. According to Fraenkel, Drosophila melanogaster could grow almost as well on carnitine as on choline, and Hodgson demonstrated that carnitine can completely replace choline in Phormia regina .
Phylogenic inference using alignment-free methods for applications in microbial community surveys using 16s rRNA gene

The diversity of microbiota is best explored by understanding the phylogenetic structure of the microbial communities. Traditionally, sequence alignment has been used for phylogenetic inference. However, alignment-based approaches come with significant challenges and limitations when massive amounts of data are analyzed. In the recent decade, alignment-free approaches have enabled genome-scale phylogenetic inference. Here we evaluate three alignment-free methods: ACS, CVTree, and Kr for phylogenetic inference with 16s rRNA gene data. We use a taxonomic gold standard to compare the accuracy of alignment-free phylogenetic inference with that of common microbiome-wide phylogenetic inference pipelines based on PyNAST and MUSCLE alignments with FastTree and RAxML. We re-simulate fecal communities from Human Microbiome Project data to evaluate the performance of the methods on datasets with properties of real data. Our comparisons show that alignment-free methods are not inferior to alignment-based methods in giving accurate and robust phylogenic trees. Moreover, consensus ensembles of alignment-free phylogenies are superior to those built from alignment-based methods in their ability to highlight community differences in low power settings. In addition, the overall running times of alignment-based and alignment-free phylogenetic inference are comparable. Taken together our empirical results suggest that alignment-free methods provide a viable approach for microbiome-wide phylogenetic inference.
Implications of Emerging Vehicle Technologies on Rare Earth Supply and Demand in the United States

We explore the long-term demand and supply potentials of rare earth elements in alternative energy vehicles (AEVs) in the United States until 2050. Using a stock-flow model, we compare a baseline scenario with scenarios that incorporate an exemplary technological innovation: a novel aluminum–cerium–magnesium alloy. We find that the introduction of the novel alloy demonstrates that even low penetration rates can exceed domestic cerium production capacity, illustrating possible consequences of technological innovations to material supply and demand. End-of-life vehicles can, however, overtake domestic mining as a source of materials, calling for proper technologies and policies to utilize this emerging source. The long-term importing of critical materials in manufactured and semi-manufactured products shifts the location of material stocks and hence future secondary supply of high-value materials, culminating in a double benefit to the importing country. This modeling approach is adaptable to the study of varied scenarios and materials, linking technologies with supply and demand dynamics in order to understand their potential economic and environmental consequences.
Acute Food Deprivation Rapidly Modifies Valence-Coding Microcircuits in the Amygdala

In the quest for food, we may expend effort and increase our vulnerability to potential threats. Motivation to seek food is dynamic, varying with homeostatic need. What mechanisms underlie these changes? Basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (BLA->NAc) preferentially encode positive valence, whereas those targeting the centromedial amygdala (BLA->CeM) preferentially encode negative valence. Longitudinal in vivo two-photon calcium imaging revealed that BLA->NAc neurons were more active, while BLA->CeM neurons were less active, following just 1 day of food deprivation. Photostimulating BLA->CeM neurons inhibited BLA->NAc neurons at baseline, but food deprivation rapidly converted this inhibition into facilitation, supporting a model wherein BLA->NAc excitability mediates invigorated food-seeking behavior after deprivation. Indeed, inhibiting BLA->NAc reduced motivation for a caloric reinforcer in food deprived animals. Taken together, negative valence overrides positive valence processing in satiety, but changing homeostatic needs alter reward value via a rapid shift in the balance between projection-defined populations of BLA neurons.
A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy of Halobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment Once Daily versus Twice Daily in Combination with Ammonium Lactate Lotion in the Treatment of Stable Plaque Psoriasis:

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of halobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment administered once daily with that of the ointment administered twice daily in combination with 12...
How many words is a picture worth?: attention allocation on thumbnails versus title text regions

Cognitive scientists and psychologists have long noted the "picture superiority effect", that is, pictorial content is more likely to be remembered and more likely to lead to an increased understanding of the material. We investigated the relative importance of pictorial regions versus textual regions on a website where pictures and text co-occur in a very structured manner: video content sharing websites. We tracked participants' eye movements as they performed a casual browsing task, that is, selecting a video to watch. We found that participants allocated almost twice as much attention to thumbnails as to title text regions. They also tended to look at the thumbnail images before the title text, as predicted by the picture superiority effect. These results have implications for both user experience designers as well as video content creators.
Fetal kidney as a source of renin in the pregnant dog

Abstract In a study involving anephric dogs, plasma renin values in the nonpregnant dogs essentially fell to nondetectable levels within 48 hours, while in the pregnant animals detectable renin values were observed through 72 hours. Also, high renin concentrations were found in renal extracts of the fetuses of the nephrectomized dogs. These data suggested that under the stress of maternal bilateral nephrectomy renin from the uteroplacentofetal complex does augment and perhaps compensate for maternal renin deprivation. Whether or not other maternal pathologic states of pregnancy can provoke a similar response cannot be determined from this work. If the source of renin from the uteroplacentofetal complex can be proved to come mainly from the fetal kidney, the question will still remain as to whether or not there is a direct relationship between degrees of fetal maturity, total fetal renal mass, and renin production.
Role of Interfacial and Intrinsic Coulomb Impurities in Monolayer MoS2 FETs

In this work, first, 2D scattering rates in monolayer MoS2 FETs due to interfacial and intrinsic Coulomb impurities as well as all other possible scatterers in an asymmetric dielectric environment have been calculated. Next, using the calculated 2D scattering rates, the electron mobility and current degradation in a monolayer MoS2 based FET have been studied employing a particle-based quantum-corrected Monte Carlo device simulator. The intrinsic phonon-limited electron mobility is found to be around $10^{5}\ cm^{2}/V.s$ . The interfacial effects (remote phonon and remote Coulomb scattering) degrade this value to $\sim 36cm^{2}/V.s$ and intrinsic Coulomb scattering further reduces the electron mobility to $\sim 3\ cm^{2}/V.s$ . It is found that Coulomb scattering is responsible for $\sim92\%$ of current degradation, while remote phonon and intrinsic phonon reduce the current by ~33% and $\sim 10\%$ , respectively. Among the Coulomb scattering rates, the remote Coulomb scattering from the top oxide (HfO 2 ) and the bottom oxide (SiO 2 ) reduce the current by $\sim24\%$ and $\sim72\%$ , respectively. Whereas, the intrinsic Coulomb scattering alone degrades the current by ~90%.
Relationship Consensus and Caregiver Burden in Adults with Cognitive Impairments 6 Months Following Stroke.

Background Caregiver burden is commonly experienced in caregivers of adults with cognitive impairment after stroke. This burden can be associated with caregiver-centered factors, including caregiver-perceived relationship quality. Objective To examine the role of caregiver-perceived relationship quality on caregiver burden at 6 months following stroke. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Community settings. Participants Adults enrolled in two randomized controlled trials after stroke (n = 60) and their caregivers (n = 60). Methods Three constructs of relationship quality (relationship consensus, cohesion, and satisfaction) were examined as predictors of caregiver burden (the Abbreviated Dyadic Adjustment Scale). A hierarchical logistic regression and a Poisson regression with robust standard errors were used to examine the effect of relationship quality on caregiver burden while controlling for characteristics of stroke survivors and caregivers. Main outcome measurements Caregiver burden was measured with the abridged version of the Zarit Burden Interview. Results Poor relationship consensus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-2.07; P = .02) increased the odds of high caregiver burden after controlling for characteristics of stroke survivors (age, comorbidity, cognitive fluency) and caregivers (gender, self-reported health). Relationship cohesion (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = .84-1.25; P = .81) and relationship satisfaction (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = .75-3.10; P = .24) did not predict caregiver burden. Conclusion Meaningful and agreeable goals and expectations between dyads are essential to reduce caregiver burden after stroke. Collaborative goal-setting between stroke survivors and their caregivers may be a promising intervention strategy to increase relationship consensus and reduce caregiver burden. Level of evidence III.
Humble doctors, healthy patients? Exploring the relationships between clinician humility and patient satisfaction, trust, and health status

Abstract Objective In medicine, numerous commentaries implore clinicians (e.g., physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners) to display more humility. However, given the complex power dynamics between patients and clinicians, one should not presume that patients desire and appreciate humble clinicians. This paper examines the relationship between clinician humility and patient outcomes, and aims to provide empirical evidence for the significance of clinician humility. Methods In two studies, patients (N = 497) recalled their most recent visit to a clinician through an online survey platform (Qualtrics). Patients rated their clinician’s humility, satisfaction and trust with their clinician, and health status. They also provided demographic information (e.g., gender, race, subjective SES), details about their clinician (e.g., gender, race, professional status) and information about their last medical visit with this clinician (e.g., purpose of visit, wait time during visit). Results Through hierarchical multiple regression, we demonstrated that clinician humility positively predicted patient satisfaction, trust, and self-report health (only in Study 2) above and beyond patient, clinician, and visit characteristics. Conclusion The results demonstrated that clinician humility can predict important patient outcomes above and beyond objective characteristics of the medical interaction. Practice Implications These findings may shape clinician-patient interactions by validating the pursuit of humility during medical encounters.
Razorback – A reactor transient analysis code for large rapid reactivity additions in a natural circulation research reactor

Abstract Research reactors play an important role in higher education, scientific research, and medical radioisotope production around the world. It is thus important to ensure the safety of facility workers and the public. This work presents a new reactor transient analysis code referred to as Razorback. The code has been developed for the evaluation of large rapid reactivity addition in research reactors. Its initial focus is the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) at Sandia National Laboratories. Results have been validated against ACRR pulse operations. Razorback models the reactor kinetics, fuel element heat transfer, fuel element thermal expansion, and natural circulation coolant channel thermal-hydraulic response. Simulation results for ACRR pulse operations are shown to agree very well with operational data obtained from the ACRR. Razorback is expected to be a valuable tool for ACRR pulse performance prediction and ACRR reactor safety analyses.
Cost trajectories as a measure of functional resilience after hospitalization in older adults.

Administrative data sets lack functional measures. We examined whether trajectories of cost can be used as a marker of functional recovery after hospitalization. Secondary analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study merged with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. Community-dwelling participants with a first hospitalization occurring after any annual survey were included (N = 937). Monthly total cost trajectories were constructed for the 3 months before and 3 months following hospitalization. Growth mixture models identified groups of patients with similar trajectories. The association of cost classes with five functional outcomes was examined using multivariate models, controlling for pre-hospitalization function and lead time. Four cost trajectory classes describing common recovery patterns were identified—persistently high, persistently moderate, low-spike-recover, and low variable. Cost class membership was significantly associated with change in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), instrumental ADL, Short Physical Performance Battery, and grip strength (p < 0.005), but not gait speed (p = 0.08). The proportion of patients who maintained or improved SPPB score was 46.8% in the persistently high, 49.2% in the persistently moderate, 52.7% in the low-spike-recover, and 57.2% in the low-variable groups. In models adjusted for known predictors of functional outcome, the magnitude and direction of association was maintained but significance was lost, indicating that cost trajectories’ mirror is mediated by predictors of recovery not available in administrative data. Cost trajectories and total costs are associated with functional recovery following hospitalization in older adults. Cost may be useful as a measure of recovery in administrative data.
Response Surface Methodology Design for Biobased and Sustainable Coatings for Water- and Oil-Resistant Paper

Reported herein is the synthesis of biobased and sustainable chitosan-graft-castor oil (CHI-g-CO)copolymer that can be used for paper coating. CHI-g-CO was obtained via chemical grafting of castor ...
Hyperprogressive NSCLC With Two Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors

Abstract Introduction Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are transforming the modern era of cancer therapy. As new treatment options are becoming available, new patterns of disease behavior are manifesting. One such phenomenon, known as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), is a rare complication resulting in exponential disease progression on exposure to an ICI. Herein, we report an uncommon case of a patient who experienced HPD on 2 different occasions with 2 different immunotherapy agents. Case Presentation A 77-year-old black man was diagnosed with stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. He was enrolled in a clinical trial that involved viral transduction and stereotactic body radiation followed by pembrolizumab administration. His disease progressed markedly after the first cycle of immunotherapy. He was switched to carboplatin and protein-bound paclitaxel. He continued to have steady disease progression. After the third cycle of chemotherapy, he was again given immunotherapy, this time with atezolizumab. Again, after a single infusion, he exhibited substantial disease progression and further clinical deterioration. Conclusions HPD is a rare yet disturbing complication of immunotherapy with devastating effects on morbidity and mortality. Although there is accumulating literature supporting the phenomenon of HPD, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HPD occurring with 2 different ICIs in the same patient. This case suggests that the presence of HPD during treatment with 1 checkpoint inhibitor may preclude the use of another one. It also raises concerns about using other forms of immunomodulating agents. As immunotherapy becomes a major form of cancer therapy, more data are needed to better understand HPD and determine which patients are at risk.
The Importance of Context in Moral Judgments

There is a gap between morality as experienced and morality as studied. In our personal and professional lives, moral judgments are embedded within a specific context. We know the who, what, where,...
Socioeconomic Disparities Associated With MGMT Promoter Methylation Testing for Patients With Glioblastoma.

This cohort study evaluates the national practice patterns of MGMT gene testing and identified potential factors associated with access to testing.
BOSE CONDENSATION AND ZN SYMMETRY BREAKING IN THE MIXED MODEL OF INDUCED QCD

The mixed model of the large-N induced QCD, with Nf≪N flavors of heavy fermions in fundamental representation, is solved in the local limit. The ZN symmetry is broken spontaneously in the large-N limit, evading the Elitzur “no-go” theorem. As a result of this symmetry breaking, there is the Bose condensate of the eigenvalues of the scalar field, proportional to . This condensate leads to the mass unit, which goes to zero as fractional power of thus defining the new kind of the local limit of this lattice theory. There is a strong coupling region below this mass scale, which revives the hopes of induction of realistic QCD.
Using COVID-19 cycle threshold and other lab values as predictors of hospitalization need.

SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) is a novel virus that has caused over 28 million cases worldwide and over 900,000 deaths since early 2020, rightfully being classified as a pandemic. COVID-19 is diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction testing which looks at cycle threshold (CT) values of two genes, N2 and E. This study examined CT values of COVID-positive patients at the VA hospital in Reno as well as other lab values and comorbidities to determine if any could aid clinicians in predicting the need for hospitalization and higher levels of care. Multiple variables, including N2 CT value, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and ferritin were evaluated for potential associations with N2 CT value as well as required level of care (based on World Health Organization [WHO] ordinal score). The results suggest that patients with a N2 CT value less than 34 are four times more likely to have WHO ordinal scores of 4-8 (p = .0021) while controlling for age and comorbidities (DM, cardiac, kidney, and lung disease). Patients of age 55 or greater were 15.18 times more likely to have WHO ordinal scores of 4-8 (p = .012) controlling for N2 CT value and comorbidities. Furthermore, patients with ALC less than 1 were 5.88 times more likely to have WHO ordinal score of 4-8 (p = .00024). N2 CT values also appear to be associated with many commonly obtained markers such as ALC, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer. Patients with N2 CT values less than 34 were 3.49 times more likely to have ALC values less than 1, controlling for age and comorbidities (p = .0072) while patients 55 or older were 6.66 times more likely to have ALC less than 1 (p = .027). Finally, this study confirms previous conclusions that patients with advanced age had more severe infections and thus will likely require higher levels of care.
Uniaxial Compression of [001]-Oriented CaFe 2 As 2 Single Crystal the Effect of Microstructure and Temperature on Superelasticity Part II: Modeling

Density functional theory simulations are combined with analytical models to describe the impact that defects and temperature have on the mechanical response of [001]-orientated compression of CaFe 2 As 2 . Our experiments, described in a companion paper, demonstrate that the solution in which CaFe 2 As 2 is grown (either in a Sn or FeAs solution), as well as post-growth heat treatment, can affect the mechanical response of these materials. To address these questions, we use DFT to understand the phase equilibria in the Ca-Fe-As systems and determine which defect structures and precipitates should form in the FeAs-grown CaFe 2 As 2 . Our results demonstrate that FeAs and iron should precipitate out of iron-rich CaFe 2 As 2 and that there should be a low-energy coherent interface between the precipitate and the CaFe 2 As 2 matrix that influences what actually precipitates. Additionally, the simulations show that off-stoichiometric CaFe 2 As 2 should occur through the formation of vacancies in the structure. The simulations of the mechanical response of CaFe 2 As 2 demonstrate that mechanical stiffening observed in experiments can be a result of point defects, the most likely source being As vacancies. Finally, by using free energy calculations within DFT, we show that the temperature dependent stress-strain curves can be partially explained by the inclusion of vibrational entropy differences between the orthorhombic and collapsed tetragonal phases in CaFe 2 As 2 .
Knowledge Enabled Approach to Predict the Location of Twitter Users

Knowledge bases have been used to improve performance in applications ranging from web search and event detection to entity recognition and disambiguation. More recently, knowledge bases have been used to analyze social data. A key challenge in social data analysis has been the identification of the geographic location of online users in a social network such as Twitter. Existing approaches to predict the location of users, based on their tweets, rely solely on social media features or probabilistic language models. These approaches are supervised and require large training dataset of geo-tagged tweets to build their models. As most Twitter users are reluctant to publish their location, the collection of geo-tagged tweets is a time intensive process. To address this issue, we present an alternative, knowledge-based approach to predict a Twitter user's location at the city level. Our approach utilizes Wikipedia as a source of knowledge base by exploiting its hyperlink structure. Our experiments, on a publicly available dataset demonstrate comparable performance to the state of the art techniques.
Youth Violence Prevention: Public Health Intervention and High Risk Populations

This chapter describes a public health approach to preventing youth violence in high-risk populations. The discussion uses two case studies to illustrate the potential impact of public health interventions on reducing delinquency among a population of youth in Southern California. It reviews evaluation data from two community-based studies conducted by the Southern California Academic Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention at the University of California at Riverside, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first study is an implementation of the Families and Schools Together intervention in Santa Ana, California, and the second is the Arlanza Neighborhood Initiative in Riverside, California. In addition to highlighting evaluation results, the chapter reviews the need for public health intervention across the life course, including long term assessment, the importance of family, school, and community outcomes, tailoring interventions to specific individuals and communities, and assessing effectiveness among subgroups.
Commercial wireless sensor networks: technical and business issues

In this paper we study the opportunities of commercial exploitation of applications based on sensor networks. Such applications are quite famous nowadays in many different domains of everyday life (e.g., health monitoring, traffic monitoring). We introduce a new business model for sensor based services. Such business model involves entities like the mobile network operator and capitalizes on existing standards for application service providers (e.g., the OSA/Parlay standard). We also present the required technical framework that would facilitate the introduction and rapid adoption of the proposed business schemes.
Neutron capture cross section in Zn-64

Total neutron capture cross section measurements of the separated isotope of /sup 64//sub 30/Zn have been made in the energy interval of 2.5--900 keV. These were made using time-of-flight techniques and a total energy ..gamma..-ray detector system with a nominal resolution of about 0.12 ns/m. Resonance energies and capture areas were determined for 191 resonances up to 131 keV. Values of the radiation widths and neutron widths for many resonances have been determined making use of the results available from transmission measurements. From these results mean values of 726=(plus-or-minus60) meV for s-wave and 272=(plus-or-minus30) meV for p-wave resonances have been determined. A value for the p-wave strength function S/sub 1/0.75=(plus-or-minus0.08) x 10/sup -4/ eV/sup -1/2/ was obtained for neutron energy up to 130 keV. Bayes' theorem for conditional probability was used to identify d-wave levels and from these resonances a lower limiting value for d-wave strength function S/sub 2/0.78=(plus-or-minus0.12) x 10/sup -4/ eV/sup -1/2/ was obtained. The values for the p-wave mean level spacing for all resonances observed up to 130 keV, and after elimination of d-wave resonances, were found to be (0.68 +- 0.04) and (1.10 +- 0.07) keV, respectively. An analysis of the linear correlation coefficient (rho) betweenmore » GAMMA/sup 0//sub n/ and GAMMA/sub ..gamma../ gave a value of (0.47 +- 0.08) at a confidence level of 99.7%.« less
Extended weighted pushdown systems

Recent work on weighted-pushdown systems shows how to generalize interprocedural-dataflow analysis to answer “stack-qualified queries”, which answer the question “what dataflow values hold at a program node for a particular set of calling contexts?” The generalization, however, does not account for precise handling of local variables. Extended-weighted-pushdown systems address this issue, and provide answers to stack-qualified queries in the presence of local variables as well.
Signals and sensors in the ATR-mediated DNA damage response

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 SY28-3 The ATR-mediated DNA damage response pathway displays remarkable flexibility in terms of the types of lesions that it can detect, responding to such different genotoxic agents as ultraviolet radiation, alkylating agents and cis-platinum. In addition, agents that inhibit DNA replication, such as aphidicolin, activate a pathway that utilizes many of the same proteins. This suggests that these responses may be activated by a common intermediate and not the lesion itself. Using a cell-free system derived from Xenopus egg extracts and plasmid DNA, we have identified a common DNA intermediate generated by both aphidicolin and DNA damage damage. In this talk we will discuss the nature of this intermediate, the mechanism by which it is generated, and the role it plays in activation of the DNA damage and replication checkpoints. Other factors that contribute to the activation of ATR will also be discussed.
Self-Employment Transitions among Older American Workers with Career Jobs

What role does self-employment play in the retirement process? Older Americans are staying in the labor force longer than prior trends would have predicted and many change jobs later in life. These job transitions are often within the same occupation or across occupations within wage-and-salary employment. The transition can also be out of wage-and-salary work and into self employment. Indeed, national statistics show that self employment becomes more prevalent with age, partly because self employment provides older workers with opportunities not found in traditional wage-and-salary jobs, such as flexibility in hours worked and independence. This paper analyzes transitions into and out of self employment among older workers who have had career jobs. We utilize the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally-representative dataset of older Americans, to investigate the prevalence of self employment among older workers who made a job transition later in life and to explore the factors that determine the choice of wage-and-salary employment or self employment. We find that post-career transitions into and out of self employment are common and that health status, career occupation, and financial variables are important determinants of these transitions. As older Americans and the country as a whole face financial strains in retirement income in the years ahead, self employment may be a vital part of the pro-work solution.
A journey into nursing.

FIVE YEARS AGO, I was teaching middle and high school science in a rural South Dakota community and eagerly anticipating the birth of my first child. My goal was to obtain my master's of science degree in biology and someday teach at the collegiate level. My son arrived 11 weeks early, and I spent two months with him in a neonatal intensive care unit. My journey into nursing had begun. For two months, the NICU nurses provided for the physical needs of my son while also providing for my emotional needs. Their exceptional holistic care for my family and the other families in the NICU drew me into the nursing profession. I began to understand that somehow, I wanted to be part of making health care more readily available to the families in our rural community, where the nearest large medical facility was at least 65 miles away. Therefore, when the school where I was teaching consolidated due to low enrollment numbers, I decided that the time was right to search for a program that would allow me to pursue a nursing degree. After meeting with the director of the University of South Dakota nursing campus in Pierre, I decided to pursue an associate of science degree in nursing at USD. The director told me that the USD nursing program was a National League for Nursing Center of Excellence, but that had little meaning to me at the time. However, in reflecting back on these past two years, I truly feel the USD program is a wonderful example of a Center of Excellence. USD is responsive to the needs of rural citizens within the state, as well as the needs of its rural students. I could pursue my degree without my family having to move several hundred miles away. In my first year, I drove 120 miles round trip three days a week to attend class, but with technology integrated into every aspect of our education, my overall travel was greatly reduced in the second year. Our class was the first to purchase notebook computers as part of the program's requirements, enabling us to have references at our fingertips at all times. We could access PowerPoint lecture materials, gather support data, complete webquests, and email in-class group projects to classmates and the instructor ... without leaving our desks. Further, we could work on group projects with classmates more than 100 miles away. And being able to email assignments to instructors was an indescribable luxury when due dates fell on those days I was not scheduled to be in Pierre for class or clinical. …
The Reasons for Being of Two Minds: A Comment on Schelling's “Enforcing Rules on Oneself”

T.C. Schelling's subject is our frequent desire to use our present judgment to influence our own future behavior because we know or suspect that our future judgment will be different; we will be of two minds about what to do. His paper is intended to suggest a structure, a hierarchy, of the rules we use to exercise that influence and to evaluate the characteristics of those rules that make for their success or failure. At the outset he compares these issues of self-control with those interpersonal conflicts on contract performance in which society, through the courts, is willing to intervene. The subject is rules. Not rules as routinized, repetitive behavior-habituation in the manner of Scitovsky or Nelson and Winter-that economizes on our bounded rationality, leaving more of it available for unresolved issues. Here rules are standards of acceptable behavior, set up to guide our future selves. Professor Schelling's discussion of the dimensions of those behaviors is characteristically rich and nicely illustrated, distinguishing between sins of omission and commission; the periodicity or constancy of the need for selfcontrol; the ease or difficulty of monitoring the desired behavior; its ambiguity or visibility; target levels as zero or average values, discrete or continuous; differences in the time lags between moral lapse and the unwanted behavior; internal-thought behavior as against external-physical behavior. It is a useful catalogue, essential to any full understanding of this sort of behavior. But the sense of structure-of organizing these complicated behaviors-that Schelling promises does not clearly emerge. Part of the problem is complexity: there is a lot going on here with different characteristics of behavior interacting with different incentives over different time periods. So, for instance, with considerable insight Schelling suggests that piecemeal rules may work better to induce desired actions (taking things one at a time) while all-or-nothing rules may work best to induce desired abstinence (all must be lost with that first drink). But taking it the next step, if
Dissecting the Heart of Organ Allocation Policy: Evaluating the Eastern District of Pennsylvania's Grant of Life in Murnaghan v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

This Note argues that the Murnaghan decision demonstrates how judicial interference with the organ allocation system destroys the balance of bioethical principals upon which the system is formed.
Increased Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity of Serum after in Vitro Supplementation with Pyridoxal Phosphate

We examined the effect of pyridoxal phosphate supplementation on the apparent aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1.) activity of human serum. Supplementation by 25 µmol/liter effected an average increase of 16% in the results for kinetic assay. The increase was not the result of increased enzymatic or nonenzymatic blanks, and, within a small range, sample dilution had no significant effect. Part of the increase was attributable to the enzyme being protected against the loss of activity that occurs during preincubation with L-aspartate. A similar increase was not demonstrated in a two-point colorimetric method, perhaps because of the short reaction time, without preincubation, and the initial presence of both substrates in the assay. We attempted to Correlate such stimulation of aminotransferase activity and the patient’s diagnosis or treatment. Pyridoxal phosphate should be included in the reaction mixture when aspartate aminotransferase activity is being measured clinically
Observation of a 1.9-psec polarization beat.

We have observed polarization beats by simultaneously exciting both the D1 (589.6-nm) and the D2 (589-nm) lines of sodium in a vapor with a 0.4-psec resonant laser pulse. This impact excitation of both D lines produces two oscillating macroscopic polarizations, which interfere with each other and procedure a beat note at their difference frequency in the intensity of the light emitted from the cell. The beat period of 1.9 psec is the fastest ever observed optically.
Surgical adhesives for laser-assisted wound closure.

Solid protein solder-doped polymer membranes were developed for laser-assisted tissue repair. Biodegradable polymer membranes of controlled porosity were fabricated with poly(L-lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and salt particles, using a solvent-casting and particulate-leaching technique. The membranes provided a porous scaffold that readily absorbed the traditional protein solder composed of serum albumin, indocyanine green dye, and de-ionized water. In vitro investigations were conducted to assess the influence of various processing parameters on the strength of tissue repairs formed using the new membranes. These parameters included PLGA copolymer and PLGA/PEG blend ratios, membrane pore size, initial albumin weight fraction, and laser irradiance used to denature the solder. Altering the PLGA copolymer ratio had little effect on repair strength, however such variations are known to influence the degradation rate of the membranes. The repair strength increased with increased membrane pore size and bovine serum albumin concentration. The addition of PEG during the membrane casting stage increased the flexibility of the membranes but not necessarily the repair strength. Typically, the repair strength increased with increasing irradiance from 12 to 18 W/cm2. The new solder-doped polymer membranes provided all of the benefits associated with solid protein solders including high repair strength and improved edge coaptation. In addition, the flexible, moldable nature of the new membranes offers the capability of tailoring the membranes to a wide range of clinically relevant geometries.
Factor Structure of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised, Forms G and H

The Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised (WRMT-R) is a test battery that is used to measure basic reading skills, reading comprehension skills, and total reading achievement. According to Woodcock (1987), the Word Identification and Word Attack tests measure two elements of basic reading skills, whereas the Word Comprehension and Passage Comprehension tests measure two elements of reading comprehension. Collectively, according to Woodcock, the four tests measure an individual's total reading achievement. This study evaluated Woodcock's claims by analyzing the factor structure of the WRMT-R for Forms G and H. Principal axis factor analyses with promax rotations were used to evaluate evidence that the WRMT-R contains a large unrotated general factor and, when rotated obliquely, two correlated factors representing basic skills and reading comprehension. Variables with pattern coefficients of .55 or greater were considered to be significant. Using these criteria, the WRMT-R produced a robust unrotated gener...
Randomized, controlled trial of low dose inhalational nitric oxide in presistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). • 848

At birth, pulmonary blood flow increases dramatically. In some children, PPHN occurs, resulting severe hypoxemia. Reports indicate that inhalational nitric oxide (INO) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation, increases arterial oxygen tension and may decrease the use of ECMO in PPHN. However, the optimal dose and timing of INO administration in PPHN remains unclear. We hypothesized that in PPHN (i) NO at 2 ppm is effective at acutely increasing oxygenation as measured by oxygenation index (OI); (ii) Early use of 2 ppm NO is more effective than control (0 ppm) in preventing clinical deterioration; and (iii) NO at 20 ppm is effective at acutely decreasing OI in infants with OI >35. To test these hypotheses, we initiated a randomized, controlled trial of inhalational NO in 3 nurseries in a single metropolitan area. 26 children, gestational age of 37.3 weeks and average age less than 1.5 days were enrolled. 23 of 26 infants had echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Upon enrollment, average OI in the control group, NO at 0 parts per million (ppm) (n=13) was 41.5±3, compared to 42.9±2 in the 2 ppm NO (n=13) group (p=NS). Treatment with NO at 2 ppm for an average of 52 minutes was associated with a decrease in OI to 33.4±3. 11 of 13 (85%) control patients and 12 of 13 (92%) of the low dose NO group demonstrated clinical deterioration and were treated with NO at 20 ppm. In the control group, treatment with NO at 20 ppm decreased OI from 50±2 to 40±2, whereas in the 2 ppm NO group with a change in NO concentration from 2 to 20 ppm OI did not change. Interestingly, 6 of 12 patients in the low dose NO group required ECMO, compared to 1 of 11 in the control group. We conclude that in infants with PPHN inhalational NO at 2ppm can acutely improve oxygenation, but does not prevent clinical deterioration. We speculate that initial treatment with 2 ppm NO may attenuate the clinical response to 20 ppm NO.
An Approach to the Measurement of Prestige Loss among the Aged

While it is often assumed that the aged are accorded low prestige status in the stratification systems of urban-industrial societies, direct empirical research demonstrating the existence and extent of prestige loss and delineating sources of variation has not been undertaken. Using a format similar to the NORC occupational prestige studies, an exploratory approach to this problem is made by asking a sample of older persons to evaluate the prestige of a series (“E”) of 9 general occupational titles and a matched series (“R”) of 9 occupational titles prefaced by the age-status designation “retired” (e.g., plumbers/retired plumbers). The hypothesis of low perceived prestige is supported as the summary prestige score for the R-series is significantly lower than the score for the E-series. Further analysis suggests the existence of an “order of presentation” effect: a greater difference between the summary prestige scores is found for those evaluating the R-series early in the interview and the E-series later...
Robust durbin's and portmanteau goodness-of-fit test statistics and their limit distributions

Robust analogue of Durbin's(1970)statistic is derived and its limiting distribution is obtained under both null and alternative hypotheses. Also, robust version of the portmanteau goodness-of-fit test statistic for AR(p)model is given and the asymptotic distribution is derived.
DEMONSTRATION OF LITERAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING

In a recent paper a new technique was proposed for remote ranging and topographical mapping by using a system with a single-photon-counting detector and a low-power pulsed laser [Appl. Opt.35, 441 (1996)]. We report on the results from the laboratory and the field demonstration of this literal three-dimensional imaging technique. Using a detector system developed at Los Alamos with a commercial pulsed laser and observing from a single remote vantage point, we demonstrate use of this technique in the literal mapping of three-dimensional topography and the probing of a complex scene. With a reasonably short exposure this system can resolve features with height variations as small as 5 cm.