cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrete regions of the kinesin-8 Kip3 tail differentially mediate astral microtubule stability and spindle disassembly

To function in diverse cellular processes, the dynamic properties of microtubules must be tightly regulated. Cellular microtubules are influenced by a multitude of regulatory proteins, but how their activities are spatiotemporally coordinated within the cell, or on specific microtubules, remains mostly obscure. The conserved kinesin-8 motor proteins are important microtubule regulators, and family members from diverse species combine directed motility with the ability to modify microtubule dynamics. Yet how kinesin-8 activities are appropriately deployed in the cellular context is largely unknown. Here we reveal the importance of the nonmotor tail in differentially controlling the physiological functions of the budding yeast kinesin-8, Kip3. We demonstrate that the tailless Kip3 motor domain adequately governs microtubule dynamics at the bud tip to allow spindle positioning in early mitosis. Notably, discrete regions of the tail mediate specific functions of Kip3 on astral and spindle microtubules. The region proximal to the motor domain operates to spatially regulate astral microtubule stability, while the distal tail serves a previously unrecognized role to control the timing of mitotic spindle disassembly. These findings provide insights into how nonmotor tail domains differentially control kinesin functions in cells and the mechanisms that spatiotemporally control the stability of cellular microtubules.
Commentary by Maurice Obstfeld

One of the most puzzling aspects of the post-1973 floating exchange rate system has been the apparently inefficient predictive performance of forward exchange rates. Richard Meese’s survey of research on international asset pricing ably documents both the evidence on forward rate determination and the attempts of researchers to pin down the empirical relationship between forward and spot exchange rates.
Does the Use of Hybrid Arch Bars for the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures Reduce the Length of Surgery

Purpose The use of hybrid arch-bar systems that use bone support is a relatively recent development in the management of mandibular fractures with the potential to reduce surgical time. The purpose of this study was to compare the length of surgery between hybrid arch bars and traditional Erich arch bars in the treatment of mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods The author implemented a prospective, randomized, nonblinded study of consecutive patients presenting with mandibular fractures to Grady Memorial Hospital. The primary predictor variable was the use of hybrid arch bars versus Erich arch bars. The primary outcome variable was the length of surgery. Secondary outcome variables included time to place the arch bars and fracture healing. Univariate and multivariate statistics were computed with P Results Fifty patients were enrolled and completed the study. The mean length of surgery was 108 minutes in the hybrid group and 117 minutes in the Erich arch-bar group (P = .62). The mean time taken to place the arch bars was 14 and 37 minutes in the hybrid and Erich arch-bar groups, respectively (P Conclusions Hybrid arch bars, although reducing the time needed to place the arch bars compared with traditional Erich arch bars, do not appear to result in a reduction in the length of surgery when treating isolated mandibular fractures.
Biomedical Research with Honey Bees

In addition to the economic benefits honey bees provide through pollination and honey production, this species is an important model system that provides insight into many areas of biomedical science. With a long history as a subject of studies of social behavior, learning and memory, and immunology (due to the allergens in their venom), the honey bee is emerging as a major model for phenotypic plasticity, development and aging, circadian rhythms, muscle metabolism and behavioral genomics. Sequencing of the honey bee genome revealed that honey bees share many genes and biochemical pathways with humans, thus opening new avenues of research. Biomedical research with honey bees benefits from this species’ well known physiology, the tractability of its natural behaviors both in and out of the laboratory, a fully sequenced genome with accompanying suite of cellular and molecular tools, and a large interactive community of basic and applied researchers. Only Drosophila rivals the honey bee as an insect model system for biomedical research.
A multi-tiered network with aerial and ground coverage

Abstract This paper examines a special type of aerial network with multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It focuses on multiple-hop communication and self-organization among UAVs. Each airborne UAV can communicate directly with other UAVs in the air or with ground stations. We provide a vision for a multi-tiered network consisting of airborne UAVs and traditional networks on the ground. We study how communication and self-organization evolve when network disconnections or outages occur in dynamic or hostile environments. Such network disconnections can occur in the air due to the fast movement of UAVs and/or in the ground due to changes in terrain, disasters, or military missions. We discuss five key challenges in the design: scalability and reliability, network formation, network connectivity, information delivery, and energy management. These challenges cover a subset of key issues for this futuristic network structure.
Exploration of PET and MRI radiomic features for decoding breast cancer phenotypes and prognosis.

Radiomics is an emerging technology for imaging biomarker discovery and disease-specific personalized treatment management. This paper aims to determine the benefit of using multi-modality radiomics data from PET and MR images in the characterization breast cancer phenotype and prognosis. Eighty-four features were extracted from PET and MR images of 113 breast cancer patients. Unsupervised clustering based on PET and MRI radiomic features created three subgroups. These derived subgroups were statistically significantly associated with tumor grade (p = 2.0 × 10-6), tumor overall stage (p = 0.037), breast cancer subtypes (p = 0.0085), and disease recurrence status (p = 0.0053). The PET-derived first-order statistics and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural features were discriminative of breast cancer tumor grade, which was confirmed by the results of L2-regularization logistic regression (with repeated nested cross-validation) with an estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.62, 0.83]). The results of ElasticNet logistic regression indicated that PET and MR radiomics distinguished recurrence-free survival, with a mean AUC of 0.75 (95% CI = [0.62, 0.88]) and 0.68 (95% CI = [0.58, 0.81]) for 1 and 2 years, respectively. The MRI-derived GLCM inverse difference moment normalized (IDMN) and the PET-derived GLCM cluster prominence were among the key features in the predictive models for recurrence-free survival. In conclusion, radiomic features from PET and MR images could be helpful in deciphering breast cancer phenotypes and may have potential as imaging biomarkers for prediction of breast cancer recurrence-free survival.
Perceptions of caregivers and adolescents of the use of telemedicine for the child sexual abuse examination.

Abstract Background Childhood sexual abuse is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. All victims should receive a timely comprehensive medical exam. Currently there is a critical shortage of child abuse pediatricians who can complete the comprehensive child sexual abuse examination. Telemedicine has emerged as an innovative way to provide subspecialty care to this population. Despite the growing popularity of telemedicine, no literature exists describing patient and caregiver perceptions of telemedicine for this sensitive exam. Objective To explore caregiver and adolescent perspectives of the use of telemedicine for the child sexual abuse examination and discover factors that drive satisfaction with the technology. Participants and Setting Caregivers and adolescents who presented for a child sexual abuse medical evaluation at our county’s child advocacy center. Methods We completed semi structured interviews of 17 caregivers and 10 adolescents. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model interviews assessed perceptions about: general feelings with the exam, prior use of technology, feelings about telemedicine, and role of the medical team. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded and analyzed using content analysis with constant comparative coding. Recruitment ended when thematic saturation was reached. Results There was an overwhelming positive response to telemedicine. Participants reported having a good experience with telemedicine regardless of severity of sexual abuse or prior experience with technology. Behaviors that helped patients and caregivers feel comfortable included a clear explanation from the medical team and professionalism demonstrated by those using the telemedicine system. Conclusion Telemedicine was widely accepted by adolescents and caregivers when used for the child sexual abuse examination.
Addressing limits through tracking food

Tracking food along its supply chain is essential to ensuring aspects of food security such as quality and safety. Food tracking can be broadly aimed at promoting sustainable food systems. Based on the literature, we devise a preliminary framework describing how food tracking systems can be designed to promote sustainability. We present case studies of Sourcemap and Provenance, two functional platforms that support transparent tracking of products along the supply chain. We argue that such systems can be responsive to resource limits in light of the food insecurity encountered, and can complement other techniques that strive for sustainable food systems.
Refined Measurement of Verbal Learning and Memory: Application of Item Response Theory to California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition (CVLT-II) Learning Trials.

Objective This study was conducted to investigate how items contained within the California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition (CVLT-II; Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation) learning trials function and to evaluate whether weighted scoring approaches might improve quantification of verbal memory. Method Archival data from 577 individuals (338 healthy young adults, 239 medical or psychiatric patients referred to a neuropsychology clinic) were obtained and evaluated using item response theory. Results The serial position effect was evident across trials, but was most evident in Trials 1, 2, and 3. CVLT-II Trial 5 was the most effective among the five learning trials in quantifying verbal memory, although it was most effective when measuring lower memory ability levels. In contrast, CVLT-II Trial 1 items had, on average, the highest difficulty levels. Various weighted scoring approaches did not appear incrementally helpful in improving prediction of memory performance. Conclusion Specific items and trials differentially discriminate between examinees with low levels of memory ability; it is important to thoroughly evaluate item properties of tests used in clinical decision-making.
HOH—The Keystone of Earth’s ClimateOpen image in new window

Our planet differs from all other objects in our solar system in having both abundant HOH and a temperature very close to its phase triple point, so that it can exist abundantly in all three states, as a gas, vapor, as a liquid, water, and as a solid, ice.
Bridging the divide: exploring the connections between student governments and higher education governing boards

Student members of governing boards, commonly called student trustees, came about during the 1960s due to the student activist movement. These students were originally intended to bridge the gap be...
P31 A Statewide Local Wellness Policy Assessment Finds Marked Improvements Among SNAP-Ed-Supported School Districts

Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) encourages nutrition and physical activity in districts and schools where over 50% of students receive free-and-reduced-price lunch. In Arizona, the AZ Health Zone implements SNAP-Ed, which includes support for developing, implementing, and evaluating local wellness policies (LWPs). Objective To assess changes in written LWPs among SNAP-Ed-participating districts across Arizona. Study Design, Settings, Participants The AZ Health Zone developed a scoring system using the WellSAT 2.0 tool to measure the quality of written LWPs and encourage use of findings among partner districts. From October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2016, local SNAP-Ed agencies in 13 Arizona counties submitted 57 LWPs and received back scores and customized recommendations to share with districts. LWPs from the same districts were scored again between October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018 to assess changes. Measurable Outcome/Analysis We completed the six-section WellSAT 2.0 to generate scorecards for each LWP. Scorecards included section and total scores for comprehensiveness and strength, from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). We used the paired t-test to compare scores across time, and we explored changes in scores as they related to SNAP-Ed interventions, federal requirements, and state administrative reviews. Results From 2016 to 2018, total comprehensiveness and strength scores increased significantly (comprehensiveness: M = 12.33, SD = 16.05, P P P P Conclusion Written LWPs in Arizona's SNAP-Ed-supported school districts have improved in recent years. SNAP-Ed interventions may have worked synergistically with state administrative reviews and federal LWP guidelines to influence improvements. Further research is needed to understand these interrelationships.
Understanding patient engagement in breast cancer survivorship care: A national web-based survey.

223Background: Little is known about patient engagement (PE) into survivorship care (SC). Information is needed to further explore PE into SC, what factors may contribute to it and which patients a...
Cold water submersion attenuates post-submersion aerobic performance and orthostatic tolerance irrespective of partial rehydration with water.

Purpose This study examined the independent effects of cold-water submersion and a rehydration strategy on an aerobic endurance performance and orthostatic tolerance following a four-hour dive in cold water (10°C). Methods Nine male subjects completed a control (CON) performance and lower-body negative pressure test (LBNP) and two water immersion visits with either no rehydration (NR) or a post-immersion rehydration (RH) with 1 L of water. Following submersion, subjects ran to exhaustion and submitted to LBNP. Results Core body temperature declined during submersion and remained reduced from baseline until the run (P ⟨ 0.001) and was not different between NR and RH (P = 0.13). Total urine output during submersion was not different between groups (1.69 ± 0.49 (NR), 1.75 ± 0.52 (RH) L; P = 0.74) eliciting a body mass reduction of -2.2 ± 0.3 and -0.8 ±; 0.3% (P ⟨ 0.01), respectively. Run duration was not different (547 ± 141 (NR), 566 ± 152 (RH) s; P = 0.79); however, both NR and RH run duration was shorter compared to CON (722 ± 170 s; P = 0.04). Cumulative stress index was suppressed in NR (534 ± 163 mmHg*min) and RH (591 ± 129 mmHg*min) compared to CON (707 ± 170 mmHg*min, P V#8804; 0.03), with no differences between submersion trials (P = 0.23). Conclusion Compared to a non-submersed state, run duration and orthostatic tolerance was reduced following a four-hour cold-water submersion. Rehydration with 1 L of water following submersion did not offer a performance advantage over no rehydration.
Early Results of a Novel Single-Stage Hybrid Aortic Arch Replacement Technique to Reduce Bypass and Circulatory Arrest Duration.

OBJECTIVE Hybrid repair procedures of the aortic arch have been utilized to reduce surgical risks and apply this therapy to patients who would not traditionally be candidates for open surgical repair. We present a variation on the frozen elephant trunk technique to further reduce cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest duration. METHODS After initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and during systemic cooling, a wire is advanced from the femoral artery into the aortic arch. In the case of aortic dissection, intravascular ultrasound is used to confirm true lumen placement. Under circulatory arrest, the proximal aortic arch is resected and the wire externalized. Antegrade deployment of a stent graft is performed into the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. The ascending aortic graft is sewn to the cut end of the aorta, incorporating the stent graft. The graft is cannulated and cardiopulmonary bypass reinitiated. The remainder of the arch replacement is performed during re-warming. RESULTS Twenty two patients underwent this novel hybrid arch replacement procedure for aortic pseudoaneurysm, aortic dissection, or aneurysm. In comparison to the frozen elephant trunk procedure, where a dacron graft is inserted into the descending aorta, and later fixed with an endograft, this technique allows for immediate distal fixation. In the case of aortic dissection, there is immediate expansion of the true lumen with distal seal, potentially obviating the need for additional procedures. Mean duration of follow up is 12 months (range 1 - 14 months). The mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 109.32 ±3.14 minutes. The mean duration of circulatory arrest was 18.00 ±1.33 minutes at a mean temperature of 23.64 ±0.58 degrees Celsius. There were no mortalities, no permanent disabling strokes, and no renal failure (requiring dialysis). CONCLUSIONS This novel hybrid technique for aortic arch replacement is safe, significantly reduces cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest times, and is performed readily without need for fluoroscopy. In patients with thoracoabdominal aneurysms, the stent graft can be used as an elephant trunk for further thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair or branched thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedures.
Acoustic evidence for a broad, hydraulically active damage zone surrounding the Alpine Fault, New Zealand

Abstract We present an analysis of the wireline sonic logs acquired through Alpine Fault hanging wall rocks during the second phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-2). Due to inaccuracy in the initial tool-processed slowness logs, a more robust reprocessing of the data using the slowness–time coherence method was required. The reprocessing of the data yielded slowness logs that provide a significantly better estimate of compressional and shear slowness. The average slowness values of compressional and shear waves are 68 μs/ft and 110 μs/ft, respectively, corresponding to velocities of 4.5 km/s and 2.8 km/s, with some excursions related to fractures, borehole conditions, and tool settings, but no systematic downhole trends. The log values are compared to laboratory measurements of P- and S-wave velocity for samples of Alpine schist and mylonitic rocks to examine the scale dependence of the measurement. The average log velocity is 2 to 18% slower than the laboratory measurements due to the presence of mesoscale fractures that are present in situ but are not sampled at the laboratory scale. Using effective medium theory, we estimate the crack density in the hanging wall host rock to be ≤0.4. Comparison to field-scale seismic studies indicates that there is a broad (500–600 m wide) outer damage zone surrounding the intensely deformed inner damage zone of the Alpine Fault. This fractured outer zone facilitates fluid flow through the hanging wall and around the Alpine Fault.
Wait Signals Predict Sarcasm in Online Debates

We examined the predictive value of wait signals for sarcasm in online debate forums. In a corpus comparison we examined the word frequency of um and uh across six corpora. In general, there were far more fillers in spoken corpora than written corpora. We also found that the proportion of um s to uh s varied by corpus type. In Experiment 1 we tested whether the inclusion of um or uh at the beginning of online debate forum posts led to higher probability of those posts being classified as sarcastic by Amazon Mechanical Turk workers. We found that posts beginning with these items were twice as likely to be labeled sarcastic. In Experiment 2 we tested fillers and ellipses in the middle of posts. We found that posts including these items were approximately three to five times more likely to be labeled sarcastic. We compared results to other signals like the word obviously and quotation marks. Signals that indicate delay in written communication cue readers to non-literal meaning.
The Standard-Model Extension as an Effective Field Theory for Weyl Semimetals

Recent progress in the condensed-matter literature has revealed that novel features of materials with Weyl fermions can be modeled by an action analogous to Lorentz-violating QED. This suggests an application of the Standard-Model Extension to certain condensed-matter systems, in particular Weyl semimetals. We propose a systematic study of Fermi surfaces and transport phenomena to generalize these observations.
Association of Bartholin cysts and abscesses and sexually transmitted infections.

Abstract Introduction Bartholin gland cysts or abscesses account for many gynecologic visits in the emergency department (ED). Previous smaller studies have suggested a link between Bartholin cysts/abscesses and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but few studies have involved the ED. Methods We retrospectively identified patients aged 18 years or older seen in 1 ED between January 2012 and March 2017 who had urinalysis and urine culture and/or were tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas by nucleic acid amplification testing. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate associations between Bartholin cysts/abscess and demographics, laboratory findings, and ED diagnoses. Results Data were collected for 75,000 ED patients; 64 patients had a diagnosis of Bartholin cyst or abscess, 40 of whom were also tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Ten percent of patients with a Bartholin cyst/abscess were infected with N gonorrhoeae, compared with 3% of those without a Bartholin cyst/abscess (P = .008). The rates of C trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis infections were 13% and 26%, respectively, among patients with a Bartholin cyst/abscess, compared with 8% and 30%, respectively, among those without a Bartholin cyst/abscess (P > .05 for both). On regression analysis, only increased urobilinogen level (β, 0.31; odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11–1.66; P = .003) and infection with N gonorrhoeae (β, 1.69; odds ratio, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.43–20.35; P = .01) were associated with a Bartholin cyst/abscess. Conclusions Clinicians in the ED should consider testing patients with a Bartholin cyst/abscess for gonorrhea.
Accuracy of Guided Implant Surgery in 25 Edentulous Arches: A Laboratory Observational Study.

Purpose To assess the accuracy of template-guided implant surgery for edentulous arches. Materials and methods The stone master casts of 25 edentulous arches treated with either 4 or 6 implants with CBCT generated template-guided surgery were included in this observational cohort study. The stone casts generated from the surgical templates (group one) prior to implant placement were digitized into Standard Tesselation (STL) files with a reference scanner. For comparison, the stone master casts derived from intraoral complete-arch impressions after implant placement (group two) were also digitized. The resultant STL files were superimposed and best-fit-alignment algorithm was used to quantify the 3D deviations present between the two groups. Descriptive statistics were computed for all categorical variables. Due to the presence of nonindependent samples between maxillary and mandibular casts, a mixed-effects model was used. Results Deviations between the implant analogs of the stone casts representing digitally planned versus actually placed implants were found. The mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) between all 25 arches was found to be 0.2 mm (SD ± 0.15). The mean RMSE between presurgical and postsurgical maxillary stone casts were 0.19 ± 0.15 mm, while between mandibular stone casts were 0.21 ± 0.16 mm and were not significant (p = 0.67). The mean RMSE between presurgical and postsurgical stone casts arches with 4 versus 6 implants were found to be significant (p = 0.01). Conclusions According to the results of the study and based on the amount of 3D deviations between the digitally planned implant positions and the actually placed implants, template-guided surgery is a safe treatment modality for implant placement in edentulous arches.
A retrospective comparison of outcomes for open vs . laparoscopic surgical techniques in pediatric ulcerative colitis

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an aggressive disease in the pediatric population and a cause of significant, lifelong morbidity. The aim of this study is to compare surgical complications in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic vs. open surgical treatment for UC. Methods We queried the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for all cases of UC undergoing surgical treatment in 2009 and 2012. We identified patients who received total colectomy without proctectomy (n=413) or total proctocolectomy (n=196) and performed univariate and multivariate analyses comparing laparoscopic vs. open procedures. Results In pediatric UC patients undergoing total colectomy without proctectomy, open procedures were associated with more complications than laparoscopic, including fluid and electrolyte disorders (40% vs. 28%), surgical wound dehiscence (6% vs. 2%), septicemia (18% vs. 2%), and gastrointestinal disorders (16% vs. 7%) among others, all P 2.4; all P<0.001). Conclusions The laparoscopic approach was associated with significantly lower rates of surgical complications in pediatric patients undergoing total colectomy with or without proctectomy for UC. These findings demonstrate that laparoscopic technique compares favorably, and may be preferable, to the open approach in selected pediatric patients with UC.
Cemented versus uncemented fixation of second-generation Trabecular Metal glenoid components: minimum 5-year outcomes.

Background Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with second-generation Trabecular Metal™ implants (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN, USA) has shown good short-term outcomes. Differences in outcomes between cemented and uncemented fixation are unknown. This study compared the clinical, radiographic, and patient-rated outcomes of TSA with cemented vs. uncemented TM glenoids at minimum 5-year follow-up. Methods Patients who underwent anatomic TSA with second-generation TM glenoid components for primary osteoarthritis were identified for minimum 5-year follow-up. The patients were divided into 2 groups: cemented and uncemented glenoid fixation. Outcome measures included implant survival, patient-rated outcome scores (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores), shoulder range of motion, and radiographic analysis. Findings were compared between groups. Results The study included 55 shoulders: 27 in the cemented group (21 with full radiographic follow-up) and 28 in the uncemented group (22 with full radiographic follow-up). Both groups had similar follow-up times (6.6 years in cemented group vs. 6.7 years in uncemented group, P = .60). Moreover, the groups did not differ significantly in sex composition, age at the time of surgery, or preoperative Walch glenoid grade distribution. No patients required revision surgery. The 2 groups had similar preoperative range of motion, but patients in the uncemented group had greater follow-up forward flexion (P = .03), external rotation (P 2 mm). The presence of metal debris and radiolucent lines did not have a significant effect on clinical outcomes. Conclusion At minimum 5-year follow-up, TSA patients with TM glenoids demonstrated excellent clinical and patient-reported outcomes with a 100% implant survival rate, regardless of cemented vs. uncemented fixation. However, the uncemented group showed a significantly higher rate of radiolucent lines and a higher frequency of mild metal debris. These radiographic findings did not affect the clinical outcomes, and their implications for long-term outcomes and prosthesis survival is unknown.
Using Poverty Simulation to Help Nutrition Students Develop Sensitivity Toward Low-Income Individuals

Objective: Explore the effects of poverty simulation integrated into an upper level nutrition course as a preparation for working with low income individuals. Background: The number of poor people ...
Experiences of Transgender and Nonbinary Physicians During Medical Residency Program Application.

Background Increasing numbers of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people seek careers in medicine, but little is known about their experiences and the effect of their gender identity during residency application. Objective This project sought to evaluate the experiences and needs of TNB individuals during the residency application and Match process in order to inform the practice of residency programs. Methods An online survey was distributed in 2019 via social media, professional groups, and snowball sampling to TNB persons, who were current residents or recent graduates (within the past 3 years) of a US residency program. Results Twenty-six eligible respondents from 10 medical specialties completed the survey. Eighteen (69.2%) respondents felt unsafe disclosing their gender identity or discussing it during interviews some or all of the time due to fear of discrimination and how it might affect their match; 26.9% (7 of 26) felt they were ranked lower than their qualifications due to their gender identity. Eleven (42.3%) were misnamed or misgendered some or all of the time during interviews through use of incorrect name and pronouns. Respondents' recommendations for programs included: (1) adopt gender-affirming practices; (2) offer gender-affirming health benefits; (3) advertise nondiscrimination policies; (4) understand experiences of discrimination during medical training; and (5) value resident gender diversity. Conclusions TNB residents and recent graduates perceived gender identity discrimination during residency application, including feeling unsafe to disclose their gender identity and being misnamed or misgendered. Suggestions for programs to improve the experience of TNB applicants are included.
Curated collection for clinician educators: Six key papers on residency recruitment.

Introduction All emergency medicine (EM) residency programs must recruit new medical school graduates each year. The process is often overwhelming, with each program receiving far more applicants than available positions. We searched for evidence-based best practices to guide residency programs in screening, interviewing, and ranking applicants to ensure a high-performing and diverse residency class. Methods A literature search was conducted on the topic of residency recruitment, utilizing a call on social media as well as multiple databases. After identifying relevant articles, we performed a modified Delphi process in three rounds, utilizing junior educators as well as more senior faculty. Results We identified 51 relevant articles on the topic of residency recruitment. The Delphi process yielded six articles that were deemed most highly relevant over the three rounds. Transparency with selection criteria, holistic application review, standardized letters of evaluation, and blinding applicant files for interviewers were among noted best practices. Conclusions Well-supported evidence-based practices exist for residency recruitment, and programs may benefit from understanding which common recruitment practices offer the most value. The articles discussed here provide a foundation for faculty looking to improve their program's recruiting practices.
Prognostics and Health Monitoring in the Presence of Heterogeneous Information

Diagnosis and prognosis methodologies have used dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) to fuse many types of information. These methodologies, however, fuse problem- specific information and focus only on a subset of information types. By using only a subset of information, the interactions between or individual behaviors of subsystems, components, and faults may not be fully realized. In this paper, a general framework for system level diagnosis and prognosis of a mechanical system in the presence of heterogeneous information using dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is proposed. Due to their ability to fuse heterogeneous information — information in a variety of formats from various sources — and give a probabilistic representation of a system, DBNs provide a platform naturally suited for diagnosis and uncertainty quantification. In the proposed methodology, a DBN is first constructed via an established machine learning algorithm from heterogeneous information. The DBN is then used to track the system and detect faults by monitoring the Bayes’ factor of the system state estimate. When a fault occurs, the underlying system model changes, and the Bayes’ factor of the DBN system model decreases. The state estimate provided by tracking indicates the most likely fault scenario and quantifies the diagnosis uncertainty. Estimation of remaining useful life and quantification of uncertainty in prognosis can then proceed based upon the diagnosis results. The proposed methodology is then demonstrated using a cantilever beam example with a possible loose bolt at the connection or a crack in the middle of the span.
A need to belong: the impact of institutional diversity ideologies on university students’ belonging and interracial interactions

This study investigated the impact of diversity ideologies (i.e., colorblindness vs. multiculturalism) on students’ sense of belonging (SOB) to the university and comfort with interracial interactions, and the moderating effects of racial/ethnic identity and group membership. White students (n = 234) and students of color (n = 111) from a predominantly white institution (PWI) were primed with either a colorblind or multicultural approach to improving campus race relations. Attitudes towards interracial interactions, racial/ethnic centrality, and SOB were assessed.Overall, White students reported a greater SOB than students of color. Results did not reveal a significant effect of diversity approaches or racial/ethnic identity on SOB, but both were associated with students’ comfort with interracial interactions. Students primed with multiculturalism reported greater comfort with interracial interactions, and students who considered race to be important to their self-concept reported less comfort with interracial interactions. A significant ideology × racial/ethnic identity interaction further revealed that exposure to messaging around multiculturalism eliminated the negative association between students’ racial/ethnic identity and comfort with interactions. Implications for campus diversity and inclusion initiatives are discussed.
A Comparative History of Catholic and Ašʿarī Theologies of Truth and Salvation: by Mohammed Gamal Abdelnour, Leiden, Brill, 2021, 192 pp., €49.00/57.00 (paperback), ISBN 9789004461703

In the larger field of religious studies, cross-traditional comparison of hard-core systematic or ‘doctrinal’ creedal formularies as a sub-discipline is still in its infancy. Broad mono-traditional...
Evaluation of the Performance of Cold In-Place Recycled Base Layer Supported with Geogrid

The research presented in this study sought to determine the overall performance benefit of utilizing geogrid reinforcement in cold in-place recycled (CIR) pavement layers. A Superpave mixture with nominal maximum aggregate size of 9.5 mm was used as the control mixture while eight CIR mixtures were also evaluated. A balanced mix design approach was used to produce the eight CIR mixtures in which binder content varied (3 and 4% of CSS-1h emulsion), compaction level varied (30 and 70 gyrations) and use of geogrid reinforcement varied (with and without reinforcement). The cement and water contents of all mixtures were 1 and 3% of total mixture weight, respectively. All test specimens with and without geogrid were allowed to cure for three days at 60 °C. The approach adopted involved: performing the dynamic modulus (|E*|) tests on all mixtures and conducting a layered elastic analysis using KenLayer. The results of the layered elastic analysis were then used to compare the relative rutting and cracking performance of the CIR mixtures (geogrid reinforced and –unreinforced). The CIR mixture that contained 3% binder, compacted at 70 gyrations with no geogrid reinforcement, was found to be the best performing CIR mixture.
Sparse Hensel Algorithms

The last chapter gave the framework for the type of Hensel method we will use for polynomial factorization problems. This chapter discusses a slight modification of the Hensel technique that allows us to take advantage of sparsity in the problem. The key idea used is the same as that of sparse interpolation. Based on some preliminary computation, the skeleton of the answer polynomial is developed. From then on, it is only necessary to reconstruct the the coefficients of those monomials that actually appear in the skeleton. In the Hensel approach this means that when proceeding from one stage to another, certain unknowns will be assumed to be zero and can be omitted when constructing the system of equations.
Carboxyalkyl peptide inhibitors of kininase II: chiral synthesis.

Heretofore, carboxyalkyl peptide inhibitors of kininase II (e. g. N-[l-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Pro, “enalaprilic acid”) have been synthesized by means that yield racemic product. Typically, the secondary amine bond is formed by reacting an amino acid or dipeptide with a 2-keto carboxylic acid ester or imide. The group providing the 2-keto function must be used in excess, and the desired S, S, S isomer must be obtained by resolution procedures. We have developed a procedure whereby enalaprilic acid, RAC-X-64 and related compounds are synthesized stereospecifically and in relatively high yields.
Frontotemporal Dementia and Psychiatric Illness: Emerging Clinical and Biological Links in Gene Carriers

Objective To describe psychiatric presentations in individuals with genetic mutations causing frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Design Case descriptions from five carriers of FTD-related gene mutations with symptoms associated with non-neurodegenerative psychiatric disease. Setting A comprehensive research program investigating genetic and non-genetic FTD at the University of California, San Francisco Memory and Aging Center. Participants Three proband and two non-proband gene carriers. Measurements Medical history and neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance and/or positron emission tomography imaging, and a genetic analysis to screen for dementia-related mutations. Genetic status was unknown at the time of initial evaluation. Results The chosen cases are illustrative of the variety of presentations of psychiatric symptoms in FTD gene carriers. In some cases, a non-neurodegenerative psychiatric illness was diagnosed based on specific symptoms, but the diagnosis may have been inappropriate based on the overall syndrome. In other cases, symptoms closely resembling those seen in non-neurodegenerative psychiatric illness did occur, in some cases immediately preceding the development of dementia, and in other cases developing a decade prior to dementia symptoms. Conclusions Psychiatric symptoms in FTD gene carriers can be very similar to those seen in non-neurodegenerative psychiatric illness. Psychiatric symptoms with atypical features (e.g., late-life onset, insidiously worsening course) should prompt careful assessment for neurodegenerative disease. Guidelines for such an assessment should be established.
A temporal model and query language for ER databases

A temporal extension to an extended ER (entity-relationship) model is proposed. The concept of life span for entities and relationships is incorporated in the ER model. Also specified is a temporal query and update language which is an extension of the GORDAS language. The concepts of temporal Boolean expressions, temporal selection, and temporal projection are introduced, and their use in the query language is illustrated. Temporal constraints are incorporated into the ER model, and the semantics of temporal update operations is defined. >
Antenatal taurine reduces cerebral cell apoptosis in fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction.

From pregnancy to parturition, Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administered a low protein diet to establish a model of intrauterine growth restriction. From the 12th day of pregnancy, 300 mg/kg rine was daily added to food until spontaneous delivery occurred. Brain tissues from normal neonatal rats at 6 hours after delivery, neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction undergoing taurine supplement were obtained for further experiments. The terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in the brain tissue of neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction significantly increased. Taurine supplement in pregnant rats reduced cell apoptosis in brain tissue from neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction. nohistochemical staining revealed that taurine supplement increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression and decreased caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex of intrauterine growth-restricted fetal rats. These results indicate that taurine supplement reduces cell apoptosis through the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-caspase-3 signaling pathway, resulting in a protective effect on the intrauterine growth-restricted fetal rat brain.
Characterization of Liquefied Natural Gas Tanker Steel from Cryogenic to Fire Temperatures

The increased demand for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a fuel source in the U.S. has prompted a study to improve our capability to predict cascading damage to LNG tankers from cryogenic spills and subsequent fire. To support this large modeling and simulation effort, a suite of experiments were conducted on two tanker steels, ABS Grade A steel and ABS Grade EH steel. A thorough and complete understanding of the mechanical behavior of the tanker steels was developed that was heretofore unavailable for the span of temperatures of interest encompassing cryogenic to fire temperatures. This was accomplished by conducting several types of experiments, including tension, notched tension and Charpy impact tests at fourteen temperatures over the range of -191 oC to 800 oC.
Beef-heart malic dehydrogenases. I. Properties of the enzyme purified from extracts of acetone-dried powders.

Abstract Malic dehydrogenase has been purified from acetone-dried powders of thoroughly washed minces of whole beef heart. The enzyme appears to be homogeneous as determined by ultrcentrifugation studies and electrophoretic analysis over a wide pH range. The enzyme was found to have a sedimentation velocity constant of 4.3·10 −13 sec at 20° and a diffusion constant of 6.45·10 −7 cm 2 ·sec −1 , corresponding to a molecular weight of 62000 assuming a partial specific volume of 0.74 ml·g −1 Some kinetic constants have been determined and compared with the corresponding values obtained with other purified malic dehydrogenase preparations. The oxidation of DPNH is sensitive to elevated concentrations of oxaloacetate a finding which would characterize this enzyme kinetically as originating from the mitochondrial fraction. Malic dehydrogenase prepared directly from acetone-dried powders of light-layer beff-hart mitochondria yielded a preparation with molecular constants which agree well with those reported above for the enzyme obtained from whole beef-heart acetone powders. This finding further indicates that the enzyme under considerations is of mitochondrial origin.
Nutritional and Quality Traits of Pasta Made from SSIIa Null High-Amylose Durum Wheat

Food products that are high in fiber and low in glycemic impact are healthier. Amylose is a form of resistant starch that mimics dietary fiber when consumed. A durum wheat (Triticum durum) line was created that lacks starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) activity, a key enzyme in amylopectin biosynthesis, by identifying a null mutation in ssIIa-B following mutagenesis of a line that has a naturally occurring ssIIa-A null mutation. Our objective here was to compare seed, milling, pasta, and nutritional characteristics of the SSIIa null line with a wild-type control line. The SSIIa null line had increased amylose and grain protein with lower individual seed weight and semolina yield. Refined pasta prepared from the SSIIa null semolina absorbed less water, had increased cooking loss, had a shorter cook time, and was considerably firmer even after overcooking compared with the wild-type line. Color of the SSIIa null cooked and uncooked pasta was diminished in brightness compared with the wild type. Nutritionally, the S...
Direct costs of first-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C viral infection

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis C therapy, robust real-world data are needed to understand the costs and benefits of treatment alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the true direct cost of treatment in an unselected sequential population of patients treated at a tertiary care centre for hepatitis C virus genotype 1. A total of 200 consecutive patients were treated with interferon, ribavirin and a first-generation direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) between 2011 and 2013. A total of 41% had cirrhosis, 31% were prior relapsers, and 41% were prior partial or null responders. Costs used were wholesale acquisition cost prices for medications, average hospital costs per day for each diagnosis code based on US inpatient hospital charges. All costs were adjusted to 2013 dollars. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 97 patients (48.5%). A total of 14% experienced relapse, 19% breakthrough or nonresponse, and 18.5% discontinued secondary to side effects. Twenty per cent of patients had at least one hospitalization attributable to a complication of therapy. Thirty-seven per cent of patients required erythropoietin-stimulating agents, 16% received filgastrim, and 15% needed a red blood cell transfusion. The mean overall cost of treatment was $83,851 per patient. The cost per SVR was $172,889; $266,670 for patients with cirrhosis. The costs per SVR after treatment with first-generation DAAs are dependent on the stage of disease and therapy side effects. These real-world costs significantly exceed those described in prior cost-effectiveness assessments and should be used instead for future studies.