cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The tactile perception of stimulus orientation.

Studies of the visual system suggest that, at an early stage of form processing, a stimulus is represented as a set of contours and that a critical feature of these local contours is their orientation. Here, we characterize the ability of human observers to identify or discriminate the orientation of bars and edges presented to the distal fingerpad. The experiments were performed using a 400-probe stimulator that allowed us to flexibly deliver stimuli across a wide range of conditions. Orientation thresholds, approximately 20 � on average, varied only slightly across modes of stimulus presentation (scanned or indented), stimulus amplitudes, scanning speeds, and different stimulus types (bars or edges). The tactile orientation acuity was found to be poorer than its visual counterpart for stimuli of similar aspect ratio, contrast, and size. This result stands in contrast to the equivalent spatial acuity of the two systems (at the limit set by peripheral innervation density) and to the results of studies of tactile and visual letter recognition, which show that the two modalities yield comparable performance when stimuli are scaled appropriately.
Accuracy in Detecting Potential Underage Drinkers: The Role of Contextual Effects in Proofing1

Three studies investigated the prevalence and influence of contextual effects in social judgments of age as they concern the purchase of alcohol. In Experiment 1, prior to rating a target individual, college students rated a series of photographs of persons considerably older or younger than the legal drinking age. Contrary to previous research on contrast effects, a cognitive assimilation effect was obtained for perceptions of age. Subjects rated a target person older when the prior stimuli were older, and younger when exposed to youthful stimuli. In Experiment 2, subjects again were exposed to older or younger stimuli or control stimuli (pictures of a university campus) and asked to rate a target individual. In an attempt to make salient the relevant perceptual category, subjects were asked specifically to make age ratings of the priming stimuli. Results again indicated an assimilation effect for age and the decision to proof. Attraction and liking data tended to demonstrate a contrast effect. Experiment 3 replicated the assimilation effects found in Experiments 1 and 2 using actual store clerks. These data are considered in light of the social factors that affect judgments in policies that seek to restrict access to alcohol among minors.
Lung contour detection in chest radiographs using 1-D convolution neural networks

The purposes of this research are to investigate the ef- fectiveness of our novel lung contour detection method in chest ra- diographs. The proposed method consists of five sections as fol- lows. First, in order to reduce the amount of information, the images are smoothed and subsampled fro m2kb y 2.5 kpixels to 256 by 310 pixels with rescaling from 12-bit to 8-bit based on the image maximum and minimum. Second, that the image is resolved into the profiles for two directions (i.e., horizontal x and vertical y axes). Then, for each direction, those profiles are tested by the neural net- work which has been trained using the profiles from 14 pairs of original and target images. Note that both horizontal and vertical neural networks are trained with the horizontal and vertical profiles, respectively. For each direction, the whole two-dimensional image is reconstructed from the output profiles of the neural network. Next, the binarization process followed by the labeling process is applied to each reconstructed image individually. Finally, two postprocessed images are combined through the OR operation, and the labeling process is performed for the combined image to get the final con- tour. A total of 85 screening chest radiographs from Johns Hopkins University Hospital were digitized t o2kb y 2.5 kpixels with 12-bit gray scale. Fourteen images were used for the training of the neural networks and the remaining 71 images for testing. The proposed method can detect the lung contour at 94% accuracy for test images following the same rules as for the training images. © 1999 SPIE and IS&T. (S1017-9909(99)00801-6)
Cholesonographic characteristics of cystic duct metastasis causing acute acalculous cholecystitis: Case report

A variety of epithelial malignancies are capable of metastasizing to the bile ducts and gall bladder in a fashion distinct from concurrent spread to the liver. Ultrasonography has proved useful in evaluating obstructive jaundice in this setting and, in the case described, accurately diagnosed acute acalculous cholecystitis caused by a solitary metastasis from carcinoma of the breast to the cystic duct. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the accuracy of this preoperative diagnosis.
Global health opportunities within pediatric subspecialty fellowship training programs: surveying the virtual landscape

There is growing interest in global health among medical trainees. Medical schools and residencies are responding to this trend by offering global health opportunities within their programs. Among United States (US) graduating pediatric residents, 40% choose to subspecialize after residency training. There is limited data, however, regarding global health opportunities within traditional post-residency, subspecialty fellowship training programs. The objectives of this study were to explore the availability and type of global health opportunities within Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited pediatric subspecialty fellowship training programs, as noted by their online report, and to document change in these opportunities over time. The authors performed a systematic online review of ACGME-accredited fellowship training programs within a convenience sample of six US pediatric subspecialties. Utilizing two data sources, the American Medical Association-Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access (AMA-FREIDA) and individual program websites, all programs were coded for global health opportunities and opportunity types were stratified into predefined categories. Comparisons were made between 2008 and 2011 using Fisher exact test. All analyses were conducted using SAS Software v. 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Of the 355 and 360 programs reviewed in 2008 and 2011 respectively, there was an increase in total number of programs listing global health opportunities on AMA-FREIDA (16% to 23%, p=0.02) and on individual program websites (8% to 16%, p=0.004). Nearly all subspecialties had an increased percentage of programs offering global health opportunities on both data sources; although only critical care experienced a significant increase (p=0.04, AMA-FREIDA). The types of opportunities differed across all subspecialties. Global health opportunities among ACGME-accredited pediatric subspecialty fellowship programs are limited, but increasing as noted by their online report. The availability and types of these opportunities differ by pediatric subspecialty.
Impact of multiple births on late and moderate prematurity

Multiple gestations have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared with singletons. Delay in childbearing and assisted reproductive techniques have remained common reasons for the increase in multiple gestations over the last few decades. Higher rates of both spontaneous and indicated preterm birth in twins and triplets lead to a significant proportion of the moderate preterm birth and late preterm birth rates. The article is a review of the causes of preterm birth and morbidities associated with these pregnancies.
Adalimumab in dermatology

Adalimumab will be a welcomed addition to our psoriasis armamentarium. The data with respect to efficacy, safety, and quality of life in both psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis are promising.
The role of tectorial membrane stiffness and viscosity on traveling waves and resonance

Classical cochlear models have long suggested that the tectorial membrane (TM) is a resonant system, which contributes to both sensitivity and frequency selectivity. However, these models do not consider longitudinal coupling through the TM and assume damping in the subtectorial space controls sharpness of tuning. Recent TM wave motion results show that the TM can couple activity over several hundred rows of hair cells, suggesting that TM inertial and viscoelastic properties may overcome the dissipative effects of subtectorial damping. Here we manipulate the dynamic shear modulus (G′) and shear viscosity (η) of the TM by altering pH and adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the bath surrounding the TM. Analysis of a distributed impedance model shows that increasing TM shear viscosity (via addition of PEG) and decreasing shear modulus (via altering bath pH) both decrease wave decay constants by 35 − 42% over a broad range of frequencies. This reduction in spatial extent of TM waves is consistent with sharpened cochlear tuning (i.e. reduced spread of excitation), suggesting that TM wave and resonance models differ significantly. While both suggest that the TM plays an important role in determining cochlear tuning, the mechanism by which sharpened tuning is achieved in TM wave models is driven by spatial extent of TM waves.
The theoretical foundations of strategic marketing and marketing strategy: foundational premises, R-A theory, three fundamental strategies, and societal welfare

The strategic marketing field of study has long suffered from an identity problem: the field has lacked clarity and consensus as to its theoretical foundations, its nature, and its scope. There have been two recent approaches that contribute to resolving the identity problem. First, Varadarajan’s (Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38, 119–140, 2010) approach focuses on strategic marketing's (1) domain, (2) definition, (3) fundamental issues, and (4) foundational premises. Second, resource-advantage (R-A) theory's approach focuses on how R-A theory provides a theoretical grounding for eight forms of business and marketing strategy. This article evaluates how the two approaches relate to each other and shows how R-A theory (1) grounds extant business and marketing theories of strategy, (2) illuminates, informs, extends, and grounds the sixteen foundational premises of the strategic marketing field that Varadarajan (2010) proposes, (3) implies that there are three fundamental strategies, “superior value”, “lower cost”, and “synchronal”, and (4) shows how the three fundamental strategies promote societal welfare. Therefore, the two approaches, when considered jointly, complement each other and foster the development of the field of strategic marketing and the forms of marketing strategy.
Voxelized Model of Brain Infusion That Accounts for Small Feature Fissures: Comparison With Magnetic Resonance Tracer Studies

Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising novel technology to treat neural diseases, as it can transport macromolecular therapeutic agents greater distances through tissue by direct infusion. To minimize off-target delivery, our group has developed 3D computational transport models to predict infusion flow fields and tracer distributions based on magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging data sets. To improve the accuracy of our voxelized models, generalized anisotropy (GA), a scalar measure of a higher order diffusion tensor obtained from high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) was used to improve tissue segmentation within complex tissue regions of the hippocampus by capturing small feature fissures. Simulations were conducted to reveal the effect of these fissures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) boundaries on CED tracer diversion and mistargeting. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the effect of dorsal and ventral hippocampal infusion sites and tissue transport properties on drug delivery. Predicted CED tissue concentrations from this model are then compared with experimentally measured MR concentration profiles. This allowed for more quantitative comparison between model predictions and MR measurement. Simulations were able to capture infusate diversion into fissures and other CSF spaces which is a major source of CED mistargeting. Such knowledge is important for proper surgical planning.
Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA

Abstract In this study, we compared pre-lock-and-dam (ca. 1925) with a modern longitudinal survey of main-channel-bed sediments along a 740-km segment of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) between Davenport, IA, and Cairo, IL. This comparison was undertaken to gain a better understanding of how bed sediments are distributed longitudinally and to assess change since the completion of the UMR lock and dam navigation system and Missouri River dams (i.e., mid-twentieth century). The comparison of the historic and modern longitudinal bed sediment surveys showed similar bed sediment sizes and distributions along the study segment with the majority (> 90%) of bed sediment samples having a median diameter (D50) of fine to coarse sand. The fine tail (≤ D10) of the sediment size distributions was very fine to medium sand, and the coarse tail (≥ D90) of sediment-size distribution was coarse sand to gravel. Coarsest sediments in both surveys were found within or immediately downstream of bedrock-floored reaches. Statistical analysis revealed that the particle-size distributions between the survey samples were statistically identical, suggesting no overall difference in main-channel-bed sediment-size distribution between 1925 and present. This was a surprising result given the magnitude of river engineering undertaken along the study segment over the past ~ 90 years. The absence of substantial differences in main-channel-bed-sediment size suggests that flow competencies within the highly engineered navigation channel today are similar to conditions within the less-engineered historic channel.
Justice as Failure

In this reflection, I take up the contradiction of calling for justice to be delivered from the same institutions that, under contemporary conditions of settler-colonial and white supremacist hetero-patriarchy, are often themselves the sources of injustice. I argue for an orientation toward justice that grounds itself on its condition of failure, drawing on Beauvoir’s existentialist ethics and queer theory’s embrace of failure as a resource for critical analysis and liberation. From an abolitionist perspective, I thus call for thinking about justice as failure in order to better hear the voices and respond to the demands of those most marginalized by carceral logics and practices.
Relationships between Adolescent Well-Being and Friend Support and Behavior

This article examines friend support and behavior, assessing for interdependent relationships with adolescent behavior and well-being. Keeping with an ecological framework, relationships were examined in the context of other risk and protective factors in youths' homes, neighborhoods, and schools. Using data from the School Success Profile, findings show that, in the context of these relationships, friends remain important in our understanding of child well-being. Friend support was important for well-being, but support should also be examined alongside friends' behavior. Friend behavior may be as, or more, important for well-being than support from friends, as children with less support from well-behaved friends had better well-being than those with more support from friends with problem behavior. Implications for social workers and other school personnel are discussed. Language: en
Design and implementation of intelligent detection method for secondary side circuit fault of current transformer

Admittance method and principles of intelligent detection technology for open-short fault at secondary side of current transformer(CT) in distribution network are introduced in this paper,which is applied in load management terminals.Through detecting impedance characteristics of circuit at secondary side,the working state of CT can be judged.Furthermore electronic circuits design for secondary side circuit fault of CT is presented,which is applied in load management terminals,including signal transformation circuit,signal amplifier circuit,low-pass circuit,bandpass filter circuit and AC to DC conversion circuit,etc.The practical test and application indicate that,when measuring different variable current detection current transformer at work unusual open-short failure of different degree,the method is reliable and effective to make electric power measurement accurate,so that real-time detection and on-line monitoring correctly would be solved,which has always been a difficult issue.
Measurements and Modeling of DO2 Formation in the Reactions of C2D5 and C3D7 Radicals with O2

Time-resolved production of HO2 and DO2 from the reactions of nondeuterated and deuterated ethyl and propyl radicals with O2 are measured as a function of temperature and pressure in the “transition region” between 623 and 748 K using the technique of laser photolysis/long path frequency modulation spectroscopy. Experimental measurements, using both pulsed-photolytic Cl-atom-initiated oxidation of ethane and propane and direct photolysis of ethyl, n-propyl, and isopropyl iodides, are compared to kinetic models based on the results of time-dependent master equation calculations with ab initio characterization of stationary points. The formation of DO2 and HO2 from the subsequent reaction of the alkyl radicals with O2 is followed by infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy. The concentration of I atoms is simultaneously monitored by direct absorption of a second laser probe on the spin−orbit transition. The kinetic models accurately describe the time scale and amplitude of the DO2 and HO2 formation result...
CHAPTER 4 – MORE ABOUT THE DERIVATIVE

This chapter describes derivatives. It presents an assumption where F is a function that is defined on [ a, b ] and is differentiable on ( a, b ).This means that if x 0 ( a, b ), then a function T can be defined as T(x) F = ( x 0 ) + F' ( x 0 )( x– x 0 ), having as its graph a line that is tangent to the graph of F at x 0 . The chapter presents a theorem that states that if F is defined and continuous on [ a, b ], then it has a derivative at every point of ( a, b ). It is always possible to find at least one x 0 ( a, b ) such that ( x 0 ).
Strategies to Target Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality rate among all major types of solid cancers. Due to early metastasis to other organs, late detection and high resistance to chemotherapy, only 5–6 % of pancreatic cancer patients will survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. Critical issues for increasing patient survival are (1) to develop new methods for early detection of tumor development or cancer cell dissemination, and (2) to develop new treatment strategies that target chemoresistance and the desmoplastic reaction and make tumor cells accessible to conventional chemotherapy. In this chapter, we discuss genetic alterations that can lead to the development of pancreatic cancer, possibilities for early detection of pancreatic cancer, as well as strategies targeting signaling pathways involved in mediating resistance to chemotherapy.
Response by Wirtz et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Access to Medications for Cardiovascular Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries”

We greatly appreciate the positive comments regarding our article1 in the letter from Antignac et al. We agree that there is a dearth of published information about the quality of noncommunicable disease medicines including cardiovascular. In 2011, contamination of a cardiovascular medicine in Lahore, Pakistan, caused nearly 200 deaths among up to 40 000 exposed patients.2,3 This major incident led to the establishment of the Judicial Inquiry Tribunal to determine the …
Reduced emergency room and hospital utilization in persons with multiple chronic conditions and disability receiving home-based primary care

Abstract Background Persons with multiple chronic conditions and disability face access barriers to office-based primary care and have very high rates of emergency department (ED) use and hospital admissions. Home-based primary care (HBPC) has been proposed as a way to improve disease management and prevent health crises. Hypothesis Enrollment of patients with disability and multiple chronic conditions in a HBPC program is associated with a subsequent decrease in ED visits and hospital admissions. Methods We abstracted electronic medical record (EMR) data among patients receiving HBPC and compared rates per 1000 patient days for ED visits, admissions, 30-day readmissions, and inpatient days for up to three years before and after enrollment. Results Of 250 patients receiving HBPC, 153 had admission data recorded in our EMR prior to enrollment. One year after HBPC enrollment, the rate of admissions dropped by 5.2 (95% confidence interval 4.3, 6.0), 30-day readmissions by 1.8 (1.3, 2.2) and inpatient days by 54.6 (52.3, 56.9) per 1000 patient-days. Three years post-enrollment, rates remained below baseline by 2.2 (1.3, 3.1) for admissions, 0.5 (0.04, 1.0) for 30-day readmissions and 32.2 (29.8, 34.7) for inpatient days. Among 91 patients with pre-enrollment ED data, the rate of ED visits also dropped at one and three years by 5.5 (4.6, 6.4) and 2.7 (1.7, 3.7), respectively. Conclusion Provision of HBPC for persons with multiple chronic conditions and disability is associated with a persistent reduction in ED and hospital use.
Future Directions in Sexual Medicine

Sexual medicine has progressed significantly its approach toward diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction, yet several new approaches remain on the horizon. The pharmacological approach continues to be a mainstay of therapy, as researchers discover new pharmacological targets and develop fast-acting drugs with fewer side effects. However, an increased focus on psychosocial and lifestyle factors is beginning to play a pivotal role in creating a more balanced approach to the treatment of sexual dysfunction. The broadening view of sexual dysfunction in the context of overall patient health and wellness has resulted in an increased focus on dietary changes and physical activity to combat disease. As the field continues to grow, it is important that education follow suit. This is especially important on the undergraduate medical education level, which prepares young physicians to deal with a wide range of sexual topics among their patients.
Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Data Collection in a Private Orthopedic Surgery Practice.

Background:The authors describe a method of collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) using computerized adaptive tests (CATs) in a high-volume orthopedic surgery practice with limited resources ...
Understanding Children’s Difficulties with Mathematical Equivalence

Abstract Most elementary school children (ages 7–11) solve mathematical equivalence problems incorrectly by adding all the numbers in the problem (e.g., 3 + 4 + 5 = 3 + 15 ). Moreover, children have limited transfer and poor retention of newly learned correct strategies for solving such problems. Several theories suggest that children’s difficulties with math equivalence are caused by something children lack, such as understanding of specific math symbols, a mature working memory system, or proficiency with basic math facts. In contrast, the change-resistance account suggests that difficulties are caused, at least in part, by something children have—overly narrow knowledge of arithmetic. In this chapter, we will consider several findings related to children’s difficulties with math equivalence, and we will examine how well several theories of children’s math learning difficulties account for that data. Although several theories can explain one or two findings, the change-resistance account provides the most comprehensive explanation of children’s difficulties understanding math equivalence.
Rotational-translational relaxation effects in diatomic-gas flows

The problem of deriving the nonequilibrium gas dynamic equations from the first principles of the kinetic theory of gases was studied by Ferziger and Kaper [1] in the cases of near-equilibrium and slow-relaxation processes of the energy exchange between internal and translational degrees of molecular freedom. The case of the arbitrary energy exchange ratio was analyzed in [2], [3], [4], [5] for polyatomic gas mixtures. In the present study the problem of redistribution of translational and rotational energy has been solved for diatomic gases within the framework of the Chapman-Enskog method [1], [5], [6] and the Parker model [7] in the general case of the arbitrary energy exchange ratio. The gasdynamic equations, transport coefficients and relaxation time have been found for nonequilibrium processes in diatomic gases [5], [6]. The calculations of relaxation time, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients are carried out in the temperature range from 200 K to 10,000 K for nitrogen by using the technique of integral brackets [1], [4]. The calculated parameters are compared with the values obtained by the approximate method [8] as well as data from experiments [9], [10] in ultrasonic, shock-wave, and vacuum devices. The correlation of theoretical and experimental data is satisfactory. The applicability of oneand two-temperature relaxation models for para-hydrogen at the rotational temperature range from 0 to 1200 K is discussed. The numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are analyzed for spherical expanding nitrogen flow and supersonic flow near a sphere.
Occult spinal dysraphisms in newborns with skin markers: role of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging

The purpose of this paper is to investigate occult spinal dysraphisms (OSD) using lumbar ultrasonography (LUS) in newborns presenting with specific skin markers or sacrococcygeal dimple. From 2012 to 2015, we performed LUS in newborns with cutaneous stigmata and/or sacroccygeal dimple. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in all patients with abnormal ultrasound or features of neurological involvement in order to detect spinal lesions. We prospectively evaluated 475 newborns who presented cutaneous stigmata performing LUS during their 4 weeks of life though 439 completed the study. All patients had a follow-up of almost 12 months. Of these, 39 presented abnormal ultrasonography and underwent MRI. In this group, spinal dysraphism was confirmed in 12 patients. When considering skin markers, dermal sinus correlated with higher risk of spinal cord lesions, on the other hand the presence of simple sacral dimple alone denoted a very low risk of occult spinal dysraphism. The simultaneous presence of more skin markers and/or the presence of lumbar ultrasonography abnormality regarding the level of the conus, pulsatility, and the position of the cord, thickness of the filum terminale, or the presence of an intratecal mass, lipoma, or dermal sinus tract indicated the necessity to perform MRI in order to detect spinal cord abnormalities because of higher risk of spinal lesions. LUS in newborns with specific skin markers is a valid method to select patients in which MRI can be performed to detect OSD. The presence of a simple sacral dimple alone is a negligible marker for occult neural pathology while the presence of isolated dermal sinus or more than one cutaneous marker could be considered indicative of higher risk of spinal dysraphism.
Transfusion‐transmitted and community‐acquired babesiosis in New York, 2004 to 2015

BACKGROUND Babesiosis is a potentially life-threatening zoonotic infection most frequently caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite Babesia microti. The pathogen is usually tickborne, but may also be transfusion or vertically transmitted. Healthy persons, including blood donors, may be asymptomatic and unaware they are infected. Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for symptomatic disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS All reported community-acquired babesiosis cases in New York from 2004 to 2015 were evaluated, enumerated, and characterized. All potential transfusion-transmitted babesiosis (TTB) cases reported through one or more of three public health surveillance systems were investigated to determine the likelihood of transfusion transmission. In addition, host-seeking ticks were actively collected in public parks and other likely sites of human exposure to B. microti. RESULTS From 2004 to 2015, a total of 3799 cases of babesiosis were found; 55 (1.4%) of these were linked to transfusion. The incidence of both community-acquired babesiosis and TTB increased significantly during the 12-year study period. The geographic range of both ticks and tickborne infections also expanded. Among TTB cases, 95% of recipients had at least one risk factor for symptomatic disease. Implicated donors resided in five states, including in 10 New York counties. More than half of implicated donors resided in counties known to be B. microti endemic. CONCLUSION The increasing incidence of TTB correlated with increases in community-acquired babesiosis and infection of ticks with B. microti. Surveillance of ticks and community-acquired cases may aid identification of emerging areas at risk for Babesia transfusion transmission.
Solving the structure-function puzzle.

Rare species tend to degrade complex substrates while common species contribute most to biomass and respiration, moving us towards a solution for structure–function mapping in microbial communities.
Towards An Experience Innovation Canvas: A Framework for Measuring Innovation in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry

As organizations transition from a service to experience economy, they will need to reimagine their business performance “scorecards” to reflect practices that place the co-created guest experience...
Impact of Physician–Pharmacist Covisits at a Primary Care Clinic in Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes:

Purpose:A popular method for enhancing medication management within a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is the physician–pharmacist collaborative management (PPCM) model. To improve efficiency o...
Application Analysis of Electric Power ASON Based on SDH

As the technology of electric power system protection developed, the scope and area of services needs for power system protection are gradually expanding, and it needs the support of a safe and reliable communication network with convenient deployment. Currently SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is an important basic communication network for power system wide area protection and distribution network protection to transmit and exchange information. This paper briefly describes the principle of SDH-based control plane technology ASON (Automatically Switched Optical Network), and introduces the performance constraints of protection transmission links and routing control test cases according to the special application requirements of power system. Based on the test results of performance and functions of different manufacturers' ASON system, this paper presents the prospect of access mode, potential risks and application trends of ASON technology based on SDH in power system.
53 Year Old Female with Multiple Areas of Erythema on Scalp

An 53-year-old female presented with an erythematous area on her scalp. The patient also presented with chronic pruritus on her right lower extremity. She was a new patient that was living in a local assisted living facility.
Natural Regularity of Correlated Acoustic Frequency and Intensity in Music and Speech: Auditory Scene Analysis Mechanisms Account for Integrality of Pitch and Loudness

Dynamic changes in acoustic intensity can produce perceptual changes in pitch as large as half an octave. Here we investigate the functional roots behind these large distortions. We propose a natur...
Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles.

Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs) are overdamped particles in an interaction potential subject to external Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noises. They can be transformed into a system of underdamped particles under additional velocity dependent forces and subject to white noise forces. There has been some discussion in the literature on whether AOUPs can be in equilibrium for particular interaction potentials and how far from equilibrium they are in the limit of small persistence time. By using a theorem on the time reversed form of the AOUP Langevin-Ito equations, I prove that they have an equilibrium probability density invariant under time reversal if and only if their smooth interaction potential has zero third derivatives. In the limit of small persistence Ornstein-Uhlenbeck time $\ensuremath{\tau}$, a Chapman-Enskog expansion of the Fokker-Planck equation shows that the probability density has a local equilibrium solution in the particle momenta modulated by a reduced probability density that varies slowly with the position. The reduced probability density satisfies a continuity equation in which the probability current has an asymptotic expansion in powers of $\ensuremath{\tau}$. Keeping up to $O(\ensuremath{\tau})$ terms, this equation is a diffusion equation, which has an equilibrium stationary solution with zero current. However, $O({\ensuremath{\tau}}^{2})$ terms contain fifth- and sixth-order spatial derivatives and the continuity equation no longer has a zero current stationary solution. The expansion of the overall stationary solution now contains odd terms in the momenta, which clearly shows that it is not an equilibrium.
One Size Does Not Fit All: A Review of How Personal Influences Affect Workplace Feedback Processes

Over the past few decades, researchers have considered how a number of between-person differences (i.e., personal influences) impact workplace feedback processes. This chapter provides a review of research that has examined various personal influences (i.e., personality traits, demographics variables, and other individual differences) in relation to three critical aspects of the feedback process (i.e., feedback-seeking behavior, recipient reactions to feedback, and feedback giving), with a primary focus on identifying and describing research trends and gaps in this literature. Drawing from our review, we provide suggestions for practitioners who are interested in enhancing the effectiveness of feedback processes in organizations.
Representative Bureaucracy and Performance: Empirical Evidence from South Africa

This chapter investigates the impact of representation of historically disadvantaged groups and workforce diversity on organizational performance in South Africa. Multivariate regression analysis is used to analyse longitudinal data from a ten-year panel of national departments. The empirical analysis offers compelling evidence that representative bureaucracies perform better. As these public organizations become increasingly representative by hiring historically disadvantaged persons, especially blacks, their performance improves, controlling for a range of factors.
The Problem of Microplastics and Regulatory Strategies in Italy

The term “microplastics” was first used in 2004 to describe very small fragments of plastic (~50 μm) in the water column and in sediments. In 2009, Arthur et al. (Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris, Sep 9–11, 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-30. 49 p, 2009) proposed that microplastics should include all fragments <5 mm. Over the past decade, microplastic debris in both marine and freshwater systems has become an emerging environmental issue. Currently, the topic of microplastics is regulated at the European level only in the marine environment with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), ignoring that a very high percentage of microplastics that reach the sea come from inland waters and are closely connected with consumption styles. Recently, the Italian Parliament has adopted a proposal of the Italian NGO Marevivo to forbid microbeads scrub particles in cosmetics as of 2020. In addition, Italy has been the first country in the world to ban plastic non-biodegradable cotton buds as of 1 January 2019. In this way, the excellence of the Italian cosmetic industry focuses on the environment and on sustainability: an example that we hope will be emulated in other sectors. Although 70–95% of the marine litter, including microplastics, comes from the land environment, studies of microplastics in freshwater systems are limited in comparison to those focused on marine habitats. Rivers and inland waters are responsible for microplastics transport to marine habitats and could represent a vector for the downstream transport of pollutants suggesting an overlooked and potentially significant component of the global microplastics life cycle. In this frame, the MICROPLASMA (MIcro and maCRO PLAStic pollution Monitoring with Advanced technologies) research project funded by Apulia region aims to set up an integrated and innovative monitoring system along an urban river located in South Italy focusing on the seasonal and spatial trends of plastic wastes.
Scoring of Middle Cerebral Artery Collaterals Predicts RAPID CT-Perfusion Analysis and Short-Term Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Thrombectomy.

Objective The rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion (RAPID) system for automating perfusion and diffusion data from head computed tomography has improved acute ischemic stroke treatment by quickly and accurately identifying those patients who may benefit from thrombectomy. Collateral scoring (CS) of cerebral arteries using computed tomography angiography (CTA) has proven useful in predicting postintervention infarct volumes and functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Here we evaluate the relationship between CS and RAPID software in an effort to augment triage and provide improved predictability of functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Methods A retrospective review of 77 mechanical thrombectomy patients from January 2017 to October 2018 with large vessel occlusions of the anterior circulation who underwent RAPID and CTA imaging was performed. Baseline characteristics, RAPID data, CS, modified Rankin Scale score, and procedural data were collected. magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate the postintervention stroke volume. Results CS inversely correlates with the volume of RAPID cerebral blood flow 6s (β= –22.205, 95% CI –39.125 to –5.285, P = 0.011), postintervention stroke volume (β= –30.637, 95% CI –41.554 to –19.720, P Conclusions CS on CTA may be a useful way to identify patients who would benefit from mechanical thrombectomy and predict functional outcomes postintervention. CS may allow the stroke team to optimize the care of patients who may not be able to obtain RAPID analysis.
Modeling the average population of La Crosse vectors in Knox County, Tennessee

La Crosse Virus (LACV) is an arbovirus found in Eastern Appalachia and can cause pediatric encephalitis in prepubescent children. To assess the risk and transmission of this disease, it is particularly important to understand the average population of Aedes mosquitoes, which are the vectors of this virus. We use a deterministic compartmental model to study the effects of environmental factors on the population dynamics of Aedes mosquitoes in the Knox County area. We use locally-collected mosquito population data to adjust our model outputs and find that model transitions are heavily dependent on the fluctuations of both temperature and accumulated precipitation. These findings should be considered for mosquito management in Southern Appalachia, as well as in other regions with slight modifications to our model.
Generalization of the strain-split method and evaluation of the nonlinear ANCF finite elements

This paper discusses the generalization of the strain-split method (SSM) for the locking alleviation of curved structures. The generalization is achieved by using proper definitions of the stress and strain tensors along the curved-coordinate lines using the matrix of position vector gradients in the reference configuration. This matrix, which accurately captures the element geometry at the integration points, allows using consistent gradient transformation in the calculation of the stress and strain tensors. The generalized SSM implementation is used to verify the results and evaluate the performance of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) finite elements (FE). The focus of this study is on the Poisson locking that characterizes fully parameterized ANCF elements that employ different orders of interpolation in different directions. ANCF beam and plate nonlinear problems are presented, and the obtained simulation results are compared with analytical solutions as well as results obtained using commercial FE computer programs. These results are also compared with the results obtained using ANCF beam and curved plate elements in the case of nonzero Poisson ratio in order to demonstrate the SSM effectiveness in alleviating the Poisson locking. It is shown that a much smaller number of ANCF plate elements is required to achieve approximately 0.9% difference from the results of commercial FE computer programs.
“What Did the Emperor Ever Say?”—The Public Transcript of Confucian Political Obligation

The idea that imperial Confucianism demands the commoners’ absolute political obedience is widespread. Although some scholars have tried to challenge this popular idea, they leave a theory of imperial Confucian political obligation unaddressed. By engaging with political propaganda of the Qing 清 dynasty, specifically The Amplified Instructions of the Sacred Edict (Sheng Yu Guang Xun 聖諭廣訓), I argue that imperial Confucian political obligation is a theory of paternalistic gratitude. Accordingly, the commoners’ political obligation is conditioned upon the ruler’s parental benevolence, and as a matter of history, this theory guided discursive interaction between the Qing court and the commoners. Indeed, when the empire’s policies made their lives difficult, the commoners tended to appeal to the public transcript of paternalistic gratitude to justify their political disobedience. Both in theory and practice, then, imperial Confucian political obligation is not absolute, but rather a conditional theory of paternalistic gratitude.
The role of affect, emotion management, and attentional bias in young adult drinking: An experience sampling study

Coping with negative affect is central to several prominent etiological models of alcohol use. These models posit that alcohol use becomes negatively reinforced due to its ability to alleviate negative affect. However, there have been mixed findings when testing this association at the event-level. The current experience sampling study sought to clarify this by testing if (1) within-person changes in the perceived difficulty of managing emotional distress is a significant predictor of alcohol consumption, over and above levels negative and positive affect and (2) whether acute changes in affective experiences give rise to increased attentional bias toward alcohol-related cues in the environment and if attentional bias mediates the association between difficulty managing emotions and alcohol consumption. Participants were 92 college students aged 18–25, who drink alcohol at least moderately. Participants completed 28 days of experiencing sampling measures on their mood, difficulty managing emotions, alcohol-related attentional biases, and drinking. Findings showed that neither negative affect nor difficult managing emotions had significant effects on alcohol use. However, positive affect exhibited the expected associations with both attentional biases and drinking. State positive affect predicted acute increases in attentional biases and drinking, whereas trait positive affect was inversely associated with trait attentional biases and alcohol use. Alcohol-related attentional biases exhibited significant within-person variance; however, its relationship with drinking was only significant when the constructs were assessed concurrently at night and did not mediate the relationship between affect and alcohol use. Results highlight the importance of positive affect in this population.
5 – Atmospheric photochemistry

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the important photochemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere and that are significant for the nature of our environment. Anthropogenic emissions of oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons from internal combustion automobile engines and stationary furnaces are major contributors to photochemical reactions in the trophosphere that drastically affect the quality of our environment. The chapter illustrates mechanisms and consequences of various photochemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere. The formation of ozone, which is another important and remarkable minor constituent of the atmosphere, (stratosphere) depends on the photodissociation of molecular oxygen by the sun. Various mechanisms of formation and catalytic destruction of ozone and strategies for control of ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere are reviewed in the chapter. Photochemical smog can have serious long-range global effects on the earth's radiation balance that may cause unfavorable changes in weather patterns, in addition to its local influence. The chapter also entails the photochemical and other types of smog, particularly the Los Angeles smog that occurs commonly in urban environments.
Cystic Fibrosis and Genotype-Dependent Therapy: Is There a Need for a Sex-Specific Therapy?:

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulation (CFTR) anion channel. Loss of CFTR protein and/or func...
Narrative metaphor as a tool for exploring character formation

An assessment of character development naturally entails assessing the narrative sources that a person draws upon in that formative process. I argue that narrative metaphor provides a lens to gain ...
Geometry-Aware Gradient Algorithms for Neural Architecture Search

Recent state-of-the-art methods for neural architecture search (NAS) exploit gradient-based optimization by relaxing the problem into continuous optimization over architectures and shared-weights, a noisy process that remains poorly understood. We argue for the study of single-level empirical risk minimization to understand NAS with weight-sharing, reducing the design of NAS methods to devising optimizers and regularizers that can quickly obtain high-quality solutions to this problem. Invoking the theory of mirror descent, we present a geometry-aware framework that exploits the underlying structure of this optimization to return sparse architectural parameters, leading to simple yet novel algorithms that enjoy fast convergence guarantees and achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on the latest NAS benchmarks in computer vision. Notably, we exceed the best published results for both CIFAR and ImageNet on both the DARTS search space and NAS-Bench-201; on the latter we achieve near-oracle-optimal performance on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. Together, our theory and experiments demonstrate a principled way to co-design optimizers and continuous relaxations of discrete NAS search spaces.
Saint-Venant’s Principle for Sandwich Structures

A review is provided of results on Saint-Venant decay lengths for self-equilibra ted edge loads in symmetric sandwich structures. In linear elasticity, Saint-Venant’s principle is used to show that self-equilibrated loads generate local stress effects that decay away from the loaded end of a structure. For homogeneous isotropic linear elastic materials this is well-documented. Self-equilibrated loads are a class of load distributions that are statically equivalent to zero, i.e., have zero resultant force and moment. When Saint-Venant’s principle is valid, pointwise boundary conditions can be replaced by more tractable resultant conditions. Saint-Venant’s principle is also the fundamental basis for static mechanical tests of material properties. It is shown in the present paper that material inhomogeneity and anisotropy significantly affect the practical application of Saint-Venant’s principle to sandwich structures.