cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing on admission to the labor and delivery unit: Low prevalence among asymptomatic obstetric patients.

This article seeks to report on the prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in women presenting to the labor and delivery units in Boston, another high-prevalence community in the United States The 4 major hospitals affiliated with Mass General Brigham Health provide maternity care to ~14,750 women per year Over 18 days of universal testing on the labor and delivery units, 763 women were admitted and 757 (99 2%) were tested Of those, 139 had symptoms possibly consistent with COVID-19 Of symptomatic women, 11 of 139 (7 9%) tested positive Among asymptomatic women, 9 of 618 (1 5%) tested positive Thus, 9 of 20 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission (45%) had no symptoms of COVID-19 at presentation The percentage of asymptomatic women who tested positive varied by hospital: 2 7% and 1 5% in the 2 academic hospitals, 1 8% and 0 6% in the 2 community hospitals Across the 4 hospitals, none of the positive asymptomatic women developed COVID-19 symptoms during the delivery hospitalization and all 9 newborns tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 In a large healthcare system in metropolitan Boston, the study identified a low prevalence of COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic pregnant women presenting for admission to the labor and delivery units The incidence of asymptomatic infection amongst women admitted to the labor and delivery units in greater Boston was substantially lower than that of New York City despite similar case counts per capita Notably, the 1%-2% incidence of asymptomatic infection in our population more closely mirrors asymptomatic infection rates in other areas Several theories may explain the lower prevalence of asymptomatic infection in Boston compared to New York City: (1) we began testing >30 days after physical distancing orders were placed by the state and hence were sampling at a time with declining community transmission, the overall population density of greater Boston is lower than New York City, perhaps leading to less community-based transmission, and some New York hospitals transiently stopped or considered stopping birth partners from attending deliveries, which could have led to some women underreporting symptoms
Sea People: The Puzzle of Polynesia: By CHRISTINA THOMPSON. New York: Harper, 2019. xvi + 365 pp., Maps, plates, notes and bibliography. $35 (HB). ISBN 9780062060872.

The huge triangular area known as “Polynesia” extends from Hawaii in the north to Easter Island in the southeast and to New Zealand in the southwest. It forms the central area of the Pacific Ocean,...
[Compromising due to additive cerclages : Can surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures cause damage to the radial nerve?]

Background In many cases the treatment of humeral shaft fractures is challenging and despite the large diversity of available approaches, no standard treatment exists. In addition to conservative treatment, intramedullary nails and plate osteosynthesis are competing methods for healing humeral shaft fractures. Furthermore, cerclage is considered to be an additive treatment for spiral fractures; however, this also increases the risk of radial nerve neuropathy and is said to compromise the perfusion of bone fragments. The goal of this study was to investigate secondary radial nerve neuropathy using additive and limited invasive cerclages for nail osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures. Methods In the present study a total of 102 patients with humeral shaft fractures were clinically and neurologically re-examined after having been treated with nail osteosynthesis and additive cerclage via a limited invasive access over the past 5 years. In total 193 cerclages with limited invasive access were inserted during this time period. Results and conclusion Of the patients four (3.9%) showed a secondary radial neuropathy during operative stabilization. Neurophysiological and neurosonographic examinations revealed that this had not been caused by compromising, embedding or severance of the radial nerve due to the cerclage. Two out of these nerve lesions recovered spontaneously within 3 and 6 months, respectively. The other two cases could not be documented over a period of 12 months due to death of the patient. With 3.9% of iatrogenic radial nerve lesions the rate of nerve lesions falls into the lower range of that which has previously been described in the literature for nerve lesions due to operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures (3-12%). We thus conclude that there is no increased risk for iatrogenic injury of the radial nerve using additive and limited invasive cerclage.
Compact Configured 5G Dual-Band MIMO Loop Antenna System

This paper presents a compact configured 5G dual-band MIMO loop antenna system for laptop computers. The antenna system consists of two identical 95 × 2 mm2 four-antenna units that are arranged on ...
A Comparative Study of Braided versus Barbed Suture for Cystotomy Repair.

Background In this study, we aim to compare outcomes after cystotomy repair between standard sutures (910 polyglactin, poliglecaprone) versus barbed (V-LocTM 90) suture. As a secondary outcome, we analyzed factors for suture preference between the two groups. Methods A retrospective chart review was undertaken for surgeries complicated by cystotomy, identified by ICD-9/10 codes from 2016 to 2019 at West Virginia University (WVU) Hospital. Comparisons were made between cystotomy repair using barbed suture versus standard braided suture. Injuries were categorized by procedure, surgical route, type of suture used in repair, and subsequent complications related to repair. Primary endpoints were examined by Pearson's Chi-square test and interval data by t-test. A p < 0.05 was significant. Results Sixty-eight patients were identified with iatrogenic cystotomy at WVU. Barbed suture was used for cystotomy repair in 11/68 (16.2%) patients. No significant difference was seen in postoperative outcomes between patients repaired with barbed suture versus standard braided suture. Barbed suture was significantly more likely to be used for cystotomy repair in minimally invasive surgery (p = 0.001). It was most often utilized in a robotic approach 7/11 (63.6%) followed by laparoscopic 3/11 (27.3%). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients receiving a barbed suture repair (p = 0.005). Conclusion Barbed suture may be comparable to standard braided suture for cystotomy repair. Barbed suture may offer a practical alternative to facilitate cystotomy repair in minimally invasive surgery, especially in patients with a high BMI.
CO-SNE: Dimensionality Reduction and Visualization for Hyperbolic Data.

Hyperbolic space can embed tree metric with little distortion, a desirable property for modeling hierarchical structures of real-world data and semantics. While high-dimensional embeddings often lead to better representations, most hyperbolic models utilize low-dimensional embeddings, due to non-trivial optimization as well as the lack of a visualization for high-dimensional hyperbolic data. We propose CO-SNE, extending the Euclidean space visualization tool, t-SNE, to hyperbolic space. Like t-SNE, it converts distances between data points to joint probabilities and tries to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the joint probabilities of high-dimensional data $X$ and low-dimensional embeddings $Y$. However, unlike Euclidean space, hyperbolic space is inhomogeneous: a volume could contain a lot more points at a location far from the origin. CO-SNE thus uses hyperbolic normal distributions for $X$ and hyberbolic \underline{C}auchy instead of t-SNE's Student's t-distribution for $Y$, and it additionally attempts to preserve $X$'s individual distances to the \underline{O}rigin in $Y$. We apply CO-SNE to high-dimensional hyperbolic biological data as well as unsupervisedly learned hyperbolic representations. Our results demonstrate that CO-SNE deflates high-dimensional hyperbolic data into a low-dimensional space without losing their hyperbolic characteristics, significantly outperforming popular visualization tools such as PCA, t-SNE, UMAP, and HoroPCA, the last of which is specifically designed for hyperbolic data.
The wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon, 1792-1815

1. The French Military and Its Enemies/ The Revolution Begins 2. The Revolution And War: First campaigns, 1789-1793 3. The Terror: Politics and army reform, 1793-1794 4. The Terror and War, July 1793-July 1794 5. The Government of Thermidor and Establishment of the Directory, July 1794-October 1795 6. War in Italy and Germany, 1796-1797 7. Egypt and the Coup D'etat de Brumaire, 1798-1799 8. Marengo and the Grande Armee (1800-1805) 9. Subduing the European Powers: Austerlitz-jena-auerstadt- Friedland, 1805-1807 10. "That Miserable Spanish Affair": The peninsular war, 1808-1813 11. The Wagram Campaign, 1809 12. The Russian Campaign, 1812 13. Campaigns of Germany and France, 1813-1814 14. The Hundred Days and Waterloo, 1815 15. Conclusions
Weak lensing and polarization

The traditional methods of measuring clustering—angular and red shift surveys—are powerful probes of the power spectrum, but share a common deficiency. They are measures of the distribution of galaxies, not the distribution of mass. Theories of the early universe can make very accurate predictions about the latter, but not about the former. This chapter introduces a very exciting new technology that probes the mass—not the light—distribution. The cosmological gravitational field distorts the paths travelled by light from distant sources to the earth. This fundamental fact carries with it an enormous amount of cosmological promise. Most important is the idea that light paths respond to mass. If one can measure distortions, one might be able to infer something about the distribution of mass in the universe. A very active field of research uses background galaxies to try to infer the mass distribution of clusters. Most times, the images are not that dramatic.
Local Optimality and Its Application on Independent Sets for k-claw Free Graphs

Given a graph G = (V,E), we define the locally optimal independent sets asfollows. Let S be an independent set and T be a subset of V such that S ∩ T = ∅ and Γ(S) \( \subseteq \) T, where Γ(S) is defined as the neighbor set of S. A minimum dominating set of S in T is defined as TD(S) \( \subseteq \) T such that every vertex of S is adjacent to a vertex inTD(S) and TD(S) has minimum cardinality. An independent setI is called r-locally optimal if it is maximal and there exists noindependent set S \( \subseteq \) V\I with |ID (S)| ≤ r such that|S| >|I ∩ Γ(S)|.In this paper, we demonstrate that for k-claw free graphs ther-locally optimal independent sets is found in polynomial timeand the worst case is bounded by \(\left| {I*} \right| \leqslant \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\frac{1}{{\sum _{i = 1}^r (k - 2)^{i - 1} }} + k - 1} \right]\left| I \right|\), where I and I* are a locally optimal and an optimal independent set,respectively. This improves the best published bound by Hochbaum (1983) bynearly a factor of two. The bound is proved by LP duality and complementaryslackness. We provide an efficientO(|V|r+3) algorithm to find an independent set which is notnecessarily r-locally optimal but is guarantteed with the above bound. Wealso present an algorithm to find a r-locally optimal independent set inO(|V|r(k-1)+3) time.
Interventions for Juvenile Offenders: A Serendipitous Journey

This is a story of a concatenation of largely unplanned and unexpected events that propelled a line of research on the effectiveness of interventions for juvenile offenders along a trajectory that is more coherent in retrospect than at the time of any of those events. In the course of that serendipitous journey, insights were gained on the limitations of individual studies, the value of systematic analysis of a body of research, and the challenges of transporting evidence into evidence-based practice.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Based on 6‐β‐Hydroxycortisol:Cortisol Ratios

Study Objective. To characterize cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women by evaluating the urinary 6-β-hydroxycortisokcortisol ratio. Design. Prospective study. Subjects. Thirteen premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women who were healthy and not receiving drugs known to affect CYP3A4 activity. Interventions. Beginning on day 2 of menses, premenopausal women collected first morning urine samples every other day for a complete menstrual cycle. Postmenopausal women collected first morning urine every other day for 28 days. Measurements and Main Results. Mean weekly 6-β-hydroxycortisol:cortisol ratios did not differ during the phase (week) of the menstrual cycle. Daily ratios did not differ in postmenopausal women. No difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women was found on comparing overall median ratios. Conclusion. Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity as measured by 6-β-hydroxy cortisol:cortisol ratio did not differ by week of menstrual cycle, suggesting no menstrual cycle-related changes. Menopause does not appear to be associated with differences in CYP3A4 activity, compared with premenopause.
Protease Inhibitors: Mechanisms

Relatively few design principles underlie the mechanisms of inhibition of a myriad range of protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors tend to be competitive and to compete with substrate binding, either through direct competition or deformation of the protease active site. Although protein inhibitors can gain potency through the burial of a large surface area and specificity through contacts with specific exosites, small-molecule inhibitors primarily gain potency through interactions with the catalytic machinery of the enzyme and specificity through interactions with the substrate binding sites. Incorporation of these design principles into chemical probes and drugs have improved greatly our ability to create potent and specific protease inhibitors.
A FACTORIZATION THEOREM FOR THE DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION IN HP

We show that a function G is the derivative of a function f in the Hardy space HP of the unit disk D for 0 1 there are maximal functions N, and A, associated with the approach regions IF(() = Iz E D: 11z-1 < a(,1-|Z12)1 Received by the editors May 28, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 32A35. ?)1999 American Mathematical Society 509 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.231 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 04:05:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Unraveling the Fanconi anemia-DNA repair connection

How the Fanconi anemia chromosome stability pathway functions to cope with interstrand crosslinks and other DNA lesions has been elusive. The identification of two new Fanconi anemia–associated proteins with helicase motifs, FANCM and BRIP1 (also called FANCJ or BACH1), implicates the FANC nuclear core complex in recognizing or processing damaged DNA and the BRIP1 helicase as acting independently of this complex.
A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of RAFT Chain Transfer Agents via Atom Transfer Radical Addition−Fragmentation

A simple, versatile, and one-step atom transfer radical addition−fragmentation (ATRAF) technique is reported for the synthesis of chain transfer agents (CTA) containing dithio groups (dithiobenzoate, dithiocarbamate, and xanthate), with various alkyl substituents, in the presence of copper catalyst, alkyl halide, and bis(thiocarbonyl) disulfide. The ATRAF procedure is efficient and selective, leading to almost quantitative conversion of alkyl halide initiators and formation of CTAs in high isolated yield under stoichiometric conditions as well as in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper(I) species. The CTAs synthesized by this process were used for reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate without any further column purification, producing well-controlled polymers with low polydispersity, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of ATRAF. Moreover, a simple one-pot, two-step RAFT polymerization was successful, starting from CTA synthesi...
Borane-protected cyanides as surrogates of H-bonded cyanides in [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site models

Triarylborane Lewis acids bind [Fe2(pdt)(CO)4(CN)2]2– [1]2– (pdt2– = 1,3-propanedithiolate) and [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2– [3]2– (adt2– = 1,3-azadithiolate, HN(CH2S–)2) to give the 2:1 adducts [Fe2(xdt)(CO)4(CNBAr3)2]2–. Attempts to prepare the 1:1 adducts [1(BAr3)]2– (Ar = Ph, C6F5) were unsuccessful, but related 1:1 adducts were obtained using the bulky borane B(C6F4-o-C6F5)3 (BArF*3). By virtue of the N-protection by the borane, salts of [Fe2(pdt)(CO)4(CNBAr3)2]2– sustain protonation to give hydrides that are stable (in contrast to [H1]−). The hydrides [H1(BAr3)2]− are 2.5–5 pKa units more acidic than the parent [H1]−. The adducts [1(BAr3)2]2– oxidize quasi-reversibly around −0.3 V versus Fc0/+ in contrast to ca. −0.8 V observed for the [1]2–/– couple. A simplified synthesis of [1]2–, [3]2–, and [Fe2(pdt)(CO)5(CN)]− ([2]−) was developed, entailing reaction of the diiron hexacarbonyl complexes with KCN in MeCN.
Costs of controlling environmental emissions from the manufacture of silicon dendritic web photovoltaic cells

Abstract Large-scale manufacturing of photovoltaic cells creates enviromental emissions that may require controls to meet pollution-control regulations and protect public health. The control costs, if excessive, could limit the technology's commercial viability. In this study, control costs associated with a hypothetical 10 megawatt-peak (MWp) silicon dendritic web photovoltaic cells manufacturing plant are determined. The annual incremental environmental control costs, based on capital recovery over a ten-year plant life, are stimated to be 1.4 ¢ Wp−1 and 2.8 ¢ Wp−1 for integrated and disaggregated plant designs respectively. Capital costs and ranged from 50–55% (integrated) and 36–40% (disaggregated) of the estimated costs. Total control costs are small in comparison with current production costs for silicon photovoltaic devices (approximately $5 Wp−1), but will be of greater importance at projected production cost of $0.5 Wp−1 - $1.0 Wp−1. These conclusions are specific to the material and process options examined.
The use of comic theory in the study of silent screen comedy

A revival of interest in the silent screen comedy has now made many works by some of the best clowns of this century available to the general public. Both the stage and, the film director of today will find that the analysis of these films will assist them in their direction. An examination of comic theories which furthers the understanding of the silent film comedy may, therefore, throw light on comic drama in general.
Intra‐Industry Effects of Earnings Restatements Due to Accounting Irregularities

: This paper investigates the intra-industry effects of earnings restatements due to accounting irregularities. We detect a significant contagion effect for rival firms whose cash flow characteristics are similar to those of the restating firm. The restatement doesn't seem to influence all the firms in the industry or firms that have a high probability of involving the same type of accounting irregularity as the restating firm does. We do not detect any competitive effect; nor do we find a significant change in the implied cost of equity capital of the rival firms, suggesting that the contagion effect is due to the revision in the expected short-run future earnings of the rival firms.
Perception of Parental Roles in Preschool Children

Socioeconomic class and sex differences in preschoolers' concepts of parental roles were investigated using 40 preschool children, 20 each from non-professional and professional class families with 10 boys and 10 girls in each group. A Perception of Parents Pictorial Interview was administered and analyzed using 2-way analyses of variance of (1) caretaking roles, (2) companionship roles, and (3) the total, reflecting both roles. Social class was significant in all three analyses and sex was significant for total scores and for companion ship. Professional class children, particularly boys, are more apt to perceive both parents fulfilling parental roles rather than either one alone.
132-Kv. Shielded Potentiometer for Determining the Accuracy of Potential Transformers

The potentiometer principle is well understood. Its application to the determination of the ratio and phase angle accuracy of potential transformers is not new, but has been limited in unshielded form to about 66 kv. and in shielded form to about 33 kv. The paper describes a shielded potentiometer for 132 kv. which is designed for ultimate extension to 220 kv.
Corporate Characteristics and Union Organizing

This study examines the effect of several corporate characteristics on union organizing success, using NLRB representation election data matched to the Industrial Comp stat. The results show that, within a corporation's primary (two-digit) industry, union success is influenced positively by firm size, capital intensity, the ratio of labor costs to total cost, and by either very low or very high profits. Outside a corporation's primary industry, unions are most successful organizing large, unprofitable firms.
Spirituality in Social Work Practice

This article traces the origins of spirituality in clinical social work and psychotherapy from the nineteenth century to contemporary practice. Cases involving bereavement, terminal illness, and immigration often incorporate spirituality into traditional treatment. The author discusses his own spiritual journey, and the incorporation of spirituality into his work with agency-based clients. He also draws a distinction between religion and spirituality, noting the importance of including the latter into work with interested clients.
Tyrosine aminotransferase induced in cells genetically and epigenetically deficient for this enzyme.

Abstract Mice homozygous for lethal deletions around the albino ( c ) locus are deficient for several liver-specific enzymes, including tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). The structural gene coding for this enzyme appears to be intact in these mutants and can be “activated” in homozygous mutant mouse liver-rat hepatoma cell hybrids. The present study demonstrates that the mouse form of TAT can also be induced in both normal and mutant mouse skin-rat hepatoma cell hybrids. Thus, a liver-specific enzyme is expressed in skin cells, both normal and mutant, the normal differentiated state of which excludes TAT expression.
Novel syntheses of camptothecin alkaloids, part I. Intramolecular [4+2] cycloadditions of N-arylimidates and 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones as 2-aza-1,3-dienes

Abstract The first reported intramolecular [4+2] cycloadditions of both N-arylimidates and 4 H -3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones acting as 2-aza-1,3-dienes are described. Reaction with unactivated alkynes leads to pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolines which constitute the ABC ring system of camptothecins.
Selenoprotein K Is a Novel Target of m-Calpain, and Cleavage Is Regulated by Toll-like Receptor-induced Calpastatin in Macrophages

Calpains are proteolytic enzymes that modulate cellular function through cleavage of targets, thereby modifying their actions. An important role is emerging for calpains in regulating inflammation and immune responses, although specific mechanisms by which this occurs have not been clearly defined. In this study, we identify a novel target of calpain, selenoprotein K (SelK), which is an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein important for Ca2+ flux in immune cells. Calpain-mediated cleavage of SelK was detected in myeloid cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) but not in lymphoid cells (B and T cells). Both m- and μ-calpain were capable of cleaving immunoprecipitated SelK, but m-calpain was the predominant isoform expressed in mouse immune cells. Consistent with these results, specific inhibitors were used to show that only m-calpain cleaved SelK in macrophages. The cleavage site in SelK was identified between Arg81 and Gly82 and the resulting truncated SelK was shown to lack selenocysteine, the amino acid that defines selenoproteins. Resting macrophages predominantly expressed cleaved SelK and, when activated through different Toll-like receptors (TLRs), SelK cleavage was inhibited. We found that decreased calpain cleavage was due to TLR-induced up-regulation of the endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin. TLR-induced calpastatin expression not only inhibited SelK cleavage, but cleavage of another calpain target, talin. Moreover, the expression of the calpain isoforms and calpastatin in macrophages were different from T and B cells. Overall, our findings identify SelK as a novel calpain target and reveal dynamic changes in the calpain/calpastatin system during TLR-induced activation of macrophages.
Schrödinger's Cat and Divine Action: Some Comments on the Use of Quantum Uncertainty to Allow for God's Action in the World

I present results of recent work in the field of quantum optics and relate this work to discussions about the theory of quantum mechanics and God's divine action in the world. Experiments involving atomic decay, relevant to event uncertainty in quantum mechanics, as well as experiments aimed at elucidating the so–called Schrodinger’s–cat paradox, help clarify apparent ambiguities or paradoxes that I believe are at the heart of renewed attempts to locate God within our constructed physical theories and tend to narrow the gaps proposed as an opening for divine action. Some problems arise because of imprecise use of nonmathematical language to force quantum mechanics into an intuitive “classical” framework.
The Significance of Race and Geography on Legislative Behavior: Exploring the Legislative Agenda in Post-Katrina Louisiana:

Hurricane Katrina dramatically altered the political landscape in Louisiana, and a clear racial gap in public opinion formed regarding the governmental response to the storms. Using data from the 2005 and 2006 legislative sessions, the authors examine the changes in the legislative agenda in response to Hurricane Katrina with a focus on the role of race and district geography on these changes. They find an important influence for both district location and race on the post-Katrina agenda of disaster relief and Black-interest legislation. This article provides a look at what factors influence the introduction of a new issue to the policy agenda and highlights how a new issue can bring more attention to previously existing ones.
Gray code enumeration of families of integer partitions

In this paper we show that the elements of certain families of integer partitions can be listed in a minimal change, or Gray code, order. In particular, we construct Gray code listings for the classes Pδ(n, k) and D(n, k) of partitions of n into parts of size at most k in which, for Pδ(n, k), the parts are congruent to one modulo δ and, for D(n, k), the parts are distinct. It is shown that the elements of these classes can be listed so that the only change between successive partitions is the increase of one part by δ (or the addition of δ ones) and the decrease of one part by δ (or the removal of δ ones), where, in the case of D(n, k), δ = 1.
Neonatal congestive heart failure due to mediastinal cyst.

A case is reported of cardio-respiratory failure in a neonate due to the pressure effect of a posterior mediastinal cyst. The plain film and angiographic findings of this lesion are discussed.
Lowe's Ethical Choices: Not Taking A Stand Means Taking A Stand

The Journal of Mass Media Ethics publishes case studies in which scholars and media professionals outline how they would address a particular ethical problem. Cases are drawn from actual experience...
Density functional theory study of palladium‐catalyzed aryl‐nitrogen and aryl‐oxygen bond formation

A density functional theory study of the kinetics and thermodynamics of Pd-phosphine-catalyzed heteroatom bond formation ArX + REH n → ArE(H) n - 1 R + HX was carried out. Individual steps in the catalytic cycle-ArX oxidative addition, REH n coordination, HX loss and ArE(H) n - 1 R reductive elimination and β-hydride elimination-were investigated. The effects of modification of the ligand (PH 3 versus PMe 3 ), leaving group (X = Cl versus X = Br), heteroatom substrate (REH n = H 2 O and NH 3 ), aryl (Ar = phenyl, p-cyanophenyl, p-aminophenyl, pyridyl) and metal coordination number (Pd(PH 3 ) versus Pd(PH 3 ) 2 ) were investigated.
Stabilization of acyclic phosphazides using the ortho-closo-dicarbadodecaboranyl residue.

The reactions of triphenylphosphine with the azido-ortho-closo-dicarbadodecaboranes 1-N3-2-R-closo-1,2-C2B10H10 [R = Me (1a), Ph (1b)] produce the stable and isolatable carboranyl phosphazides 1-(N3PPh3)-2-R-closo-1,2-C2B10H10 [R = Me (2a), Ph (2b)] in good yields. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that, in the solid state, phosphazide 2a adopts an unusual s-cis conformation, whereas 2b adopts an s-trans conformation.
Comparison and Validation of Nonlethal Techniques for Estimating Condition in Juvenile Salmonids

Abstract Fish proximate composition influences growth, reproduction, and survival and is commonly used to determine physiological condition; however, proximate composition is time-consuming to measure and typically requires a lethal sample that cannot be analyzed in situ. As a result, researchers are increasingly interested in using nonlethal techniques that are quicker and less expensive to estimate proximate body components in fish. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and microwave energy meters have been used with success on large-bodied fishes, although no evaluation on small-bodied Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. has been conducted. We evaluated three nonlethal techniques (BIA, energy meter, and condition factor) as predictors of individual body composition (determined through lethal whole-body proximate analysis) in juvenile hatchery steelhead O. mykiss (minimum fork length = 138 mm; minimum wet mass = 24.5 g). The BIA values were positively correlated with measured total body water (R 2 = 0.77)...
DYNAMICAL COUPLING OF THE DIATOM VIBRATIONAL MOTIONS IN COLLISIONS OF N2 WITH N2

Abstract A three-dimensional quantum mechanical treatment of N 2 + N 2 + collisions has been performed. State-to-state cross sections for vibrational excitations of the products have been computed. These calculations include dynamical coupling of the diatom vibrational motions which arises from intermolecular forces. The results show a propensity for the energy of excitation to be distributed symmetrically between the products, as observed in experiments. By comparison with earlier classical trajectory studies, insight can be gained into the nature of classical-quantum correspondence in molecular collisions.
MOLECULAR ASSOCIATION OF HEMOCYANIN PRODUCED BY X-RAYS AS OBSERVED IN THE ULTRACENTRIFUGE.

1. When normal, monodisperse hemocyanin (60.5S) from Limulus Rolyphemus was irradiated in neutral buffer with x-rays, several new, more rapidly sedimenting ultracentrifugal components (86S, 107S, 122S) were produced, with a corresponding loss in the amount of the unaffected protein. The amount of the effect was roughly proportional to the amount of irradiation. 2. The new resolvable components apparently represented an association of the primary particles into aggregates of 2, 3, and 4 primary particles respectively. 3. The proportional amount of hemocyanin affected decreased almost to the vanishing point as the concentration of the protein was raised to high levels. 4. The absolute effect, i.e. the total number of particles affected in a given volume, increased with the concentration of hemocyanin, at least for concentrations below 15 per cent. 5. The presence of 33 per cent horse serum during irradiation inhibited the effect on the hemocyanin almost completely, with hemocyanin concentrations of both 0.8 and 14 per cent. 6. The presence of 2.8 per cent egg albumin during irradiation lowered the effect by about 70 per cent in the case of dilute preparations (0.8 per cent hemocyanin), but by only about 25 per cent in the case of 14 per cent solutions. 7. A lowering of the solution's oxygen tension during irradiation enhanced the effect, almost doubling it in some cases. 8. The probable theoretical significance of these and other observations are discussed in the text.
Ovarian remnant syndrome

Objective To review different diagnostic and surgical procedures for ovarian remnant syndrome and suggest that complete primary resection is the only method to avoid recurrence. Data sources Sources include original articles and reviews on various ovarian remnant surgical techniques, on comparisons of laparotomy with laparoscopy and on the employment of possible medical methods for treatment, and reviews of methods and techniques for diagnosing ovarian remnant syndrome. The technical sources dated from 1953 to the present. Methods of study selection Studies of methods and follow up of ovarian remnant techniques currently used. Review articles including surgical and medical techniques with long-term outcomes and patient selection criteria were utilized to formulate a strategy for appropriate selection of ovarian remnant removal. Data extraction and synthesis The methods reviewed include clinically applied surgical and medical techniques. Articles including surgical and nonsurgical treatment for ‘remnant removal’ were utilized with a review of laparotomy and laparoscopy data. Conclusions Complete excision of ovarian remnants via exploratory laparotomy affords patients the best option for avoiding future corrective surgery for pelvic pain from persistent ovarian remnants.
Calcium does not augment phenylephrine's hypertensive effects.

Ca and phenylephrine, both of which increase mean arterial pressure (MAP), are often administered concurrently during resuscitation of critically ill patients. To determine whether the response to phenylephrine is potentiated by Ca administration, we studied eight adult patients 24 h after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Each patient received three doses of phenylephrine (150, 300, and 450 ng/kg.min), administered both with and without CaCl2 (5 mg/kg bolus followed by a 2-mg/kg.h infusion). Phenylephrine alone at 150, 300, and 450 ng/kg.min increased MAP by 2%, 6%, and 17%, respectively. Ca alone increased serum ionized Ca levels from 1.00 +/- .03 (SEM) to 1.20 +/- .02 mM (p less than .05) and increased MAP from 84 +/- 1 to 90 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than .05), but had no effect on cardiac index (CI). When administered concurrently with Ca, phenylephrine at 150, 300, and 450 ng/kg.min increased MAP by 6%, 7%, and 13%, respectively. Phenylephrine had no effect on CI, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, CVP, or heart rate whether or not it was administered with Ca. We conclude that concomitant Ca administration does not augment the hypertensive response to phenylephrine in normotensive patients recovering from open heart surgery.
Effect of test condition parameters on IRMr

The index of retained resilient modulus (IRM sub r) is used to assess moisture-induced distress in asphalt concrete mixtures. The IRM sub r represents the ratio of two moduli and is sensitive to slight deviations in each measured value of modulus. A laboratory and analytical research program was conducted to examine the effect of variations in test condition parameters on the resilient modulus, M sub r, and the IRM sub r. In the laboratory test program, the strain and temperature dependencies of the M sub r were determined for a dense-graded asphalt concrete mixture. The results indicate that constant stress testing may result in a misinterpretation of the IRM sub r and further, tests conducted within the currently accepted temperature range may result in a +/- 20% deviation in the IRM sub r. In the analytical program, the effect of diametral test boundary conditions on the mesured value of M sub r was evaluated using two- and three-dimensional finite element models. The results indicate that the resilient-modulus diametral test is adequately represented by elastic theory based on an assumed plane stress condition.
Transforming binary code for low-power embedded processors

Two program code transformation methodologies reduce the power consumption of instruction communication buses in embedded processors. Aimed at deep-submicron process technologies, these techniques offer an efficient solution for applications in which low power consumption is the key quality factor. We have developed two techniques for power minimization on the instruction bus of embedded processors. The first is compiler-driven register name adjustment (RNA), with the main goal of power minimization on instruction fetch and register file access. The second technique, more general in nature, incorporates transformations into the binary program code and necessitates hardware support on the processor side to efficiently restore the power-optimized program code.
Embedding quantum logics in Hilbert space

We show that an orthomodular lattice is embeddable in a Hilbert space if and only if states of a certain kind exist. A physical motivation for the existence of such states is given and a connection is provided between the quantum logic, algebraic, and operational approaches to quantum mechanics.
Very Low Intensity Storage-Ring Profile Monitor

The Fermilab Colliding Beams Group has now accomplished several cooling experiments (electron and stochastic methods) on proton beams in the ''electron cooling'' synchrotron ring built for this purpose. A key to analyzing the performance of any test cooling system is a complete set of beam diagnostics to measure the beam emittances in all three planes. For longitudinal emittance the authors use Schottky scans (although very low intensities make this difficult, necessitating a departure from the conventional method by bunching the beams). A description is given of the MCP telescope and readout which evolved independently as a complete monitor system using residual gas in lieu of Mg vapor. To date all transverse measurements of coasting beam profiles have been obtained in this mode. 2 refs.
Effects of folic acid fortification on twin gestation rates.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have reported an increase in twinning of as much as 40% associated with folic acid‐ containing supplements, and folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grains was authorized in 1996. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether twinning rates have increased since that time. METHODS: We used United States birth and fetal death records to calculate twin gestation rates from 1990 through 2000. To eliminate the influence of fertility treatments, our analysis was limited to nulliparous women aged 16‐19. We compared time trends in twin gestation rates before and after folic acid fortification in 1996. RESULTS: A total of 25,065 twin and 3,362,245 singleton pregnancies were included. Twin gestation rates were stable from January 1990 through December 1996, at 7.2 per 1,000, and then began a steady increase, averaging 2.4% (95% confidence interval 0.1‐4.2%, P .006) per year, which continued through 2000 and reached 8.2 per 1,000. This translates to 2 additional twin pregnancies per 10,000 gestations per year. Twin rates continued to increase well beyond 1998, when the maximal fortification effect on folate status had been reached. CONCLUSION: Although twin gestation rates in women not using fertility treatments increased after food fortification with folic acid, they rose by much less than the 40% rate previously reported; the observed pattern of increase in twin gestation rates is not consistent with a folic acid fortification effect. (Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:757‐62. © 2005 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies

Abstract Mercury emissions from US coal-fired power plants will be regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) before the end of the decade. Because of this, the control of Hg in coal is important. Control is fundamentally based on the knowledge of the amounts of Hg in mined, beneficiated, and as-fired coal. Eastern Kentucky coals, on a reserve district level, have Hg contents similar to the USA average for coal at mines. Individual coals show greater variation at the bench scale, with Hg enrichment common in the top bench, often associated with enhanced levels of pyritic sulfur. Some of the variation between parts of eastern Kentucky is also based on the position relative to major faults. The Pine Mountain thrust fault appears to be responsible for elemental enrichment, including Hg, in coals on the footwall side of the thrust. Eastern Kentucky coals shipped to power plants in 1999, the year the USEPA requested coal quality information on coal deliveries, indicate that coals shipped from the region have 0.09 ppm Hg, compared to 0.10 ppm for all delivered coals in the USA. On an equal energy basis, and given equal concentrations of Hg, the high volatile bituminous coals from eastern Kentucky would emit less Hg than lower rank coals from other USA regions.
Scapuloperoneal neuropathy: A distinct clinicopathologic entity

Peripheral neuropathy as a cause for the scapuloperoneal syndrome continues to be controversial. This report provides further evidence in support of a scapuloperoneal neuropathy as a separate nosologic entity. Three men had a slowly progressive disorder of 5-17 years duration with prominent weakness and atrophy of scapular stabilizer, shoulder girdle and distal lower extremity muscles accompanied by a distal pan-modality sensory loss. Electrodiagnostic studies and sural nerve biopsies indicated a primary axonal neuropathy with secondary demyelination and remyelination.
Using semantics to extend the space physics data environment

The space physics data environment is evolving with the advent of virtual observatories. With the primary function of most virtual observatories being data search and retrieval, an emphasis has been placed on providing value-added data processing services. That is, creating web services that take discovered data and provide common and routine processing such as coordinate transformations and data sub-setting. As these services proliferate, finding, accessing and using them no longer becomes a trivial task. This paper discusses a semantic registry that enables the searching of these services via ontology. We discuss the benefits of such a registry and illustrate how the web and application programming interfaces benefit the space physics community.
Regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin A receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rodent uteri: effect of sex hormones.

Previously we have shown that estradiol stimulates the production of secretory component, the external domain of the polymeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) receptor (pIgR) responsible for transporting IgA from tissues into secretions. In the present study, levels of pIgR messenger RNA (mRNA) in uterine tissues of rats were correlated with pIgR expression in epithelial cells and secretory component in uterine secretions. Analysis of uterine pIgR mRNA and pIgR expression in epithelial cells during the estrous cycle indicated that levels were high at proestrus and estrus and low at diestrus. When ovariectomized rats were treated with estradiol for 3 days, and pIgR mRNA was measured 4 and 12 h after the last injection, levels of uterine pIgR mRNA were significantly greater than those in saline-treated controls. High levels of pIgR were also detected in uterine epithelial cells and uterine secretions. When estradiol and progesterone were given in combination, progesterone partially reversed the effect of estradiol o...
Data Collection and New Technology

Interview has become a popular method of data collection in qualitative research. This article examines the different interview methods for collecting data (e.g., structured interviews, group interviews, unstructured, etc.), as well as the various methods for analyzing interview data (e.g., interpretivism, social anthropology, collaborative social research). It also evaluates the interview types and analysis methods in qualitative research and the new technology for conducting interviews such as e-mail, telephone, skype, webcam, Facebook chat etc to ascertain how they limit interviewees from giving full picture of moral and ethical Issues.
Psychological distress and psychiatric diagnoses among primary caregivers of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant: an examination of prevalence, correlates, and racial/ethnic differences

Abstract Objective The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, examine the prevalence of interview-rated psychiatric diagnoses, identify correlates of psychological distress and psychiatric diagnosis and examine racial/ethnic group differences on measures of psychological distress among primary caregivers of children preparing to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Methods Caregivers ( N =215) completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Impact of Events Scale, and a psychiatric interview assessing major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Regression analyses examined correlates of distress and psychiatric diagnosis. Comparisons were made between racial/ethnic groups. Results Posttraumatic stress symptoms were reported by 54% of caregivers during the time preparing for the child's HSCT. Twenty-seven percent of caregivers met diagnostic criteria for at least one of the psychiatric diagnoses during this time. Few factors were associated with distress or psychiatric diagnosis, except the child scheduled for allogeneic transplant, being married and prior psychological/psychiatric care. Sociodemographic factors accounted for racial/ethnic group differences, except that Hispanic/Latino caregivers reported higher BDI scores than non-Hispanic white caregivers. Conclusion Caregivers may be at greater risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms than anxiety or depression. Prior psychological/psychiatric treatment is a risk factor for greater psychological distress and psychiatric diagnosis during this time. Racial differences are mostly due to sociodemographic factors.
Photoelastic and finite element stress analysis of a restored axisymmetric first molar

Abstract First molars with full gold crown preparations and a shoulder geometry were idealized by an axisymmetric model and analyzed by the photoelastic, as well as the finite element method. The photoelastic model was constructed in two pieces, the restoration and the tooth with the preparation. The two pieces were then luted together and the model was loaded axisymmetrically with 100 lb; it was stress frozen, sliced, and analyzed with the help of a polariscope. The finite element model was subdivided into 348 elements. The radial and axial stresses were plotted as a function of the radius along various horizontal planes in the model. The maximum shear stresses calculated by the finite element method were compared to those obtained by the photoelastic method, and they were found to compare favorably.