cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Shape Deformations by Variation of Geometric Spectrum

This paper presents a registration-free method based on geometry spectrum for mapping two shapes. Our method can quantify and visualize the surface deformation by the variation of Laplace-Beltrami spectrum of the object. In order to examine our method, we employ synthetic data that has non-isometric deformation. We have also applied our method to quantifying the shape variation between the left and right hippocampus in epileptic human brains. The results on both synthetic and real patient data demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method.
Response of small mammals to no-till agriculture in southwestern Iowa

Small mammal populations were studied in no-till and disced corn fields during the 1982 and 1983 growing seasons in southwestern Iowa to determine population demographics, community structure, and habitat utilization. Tillage treatments included corn planted into corn residue, corn planted into chemically treated sod, and disced or plowed corn fields. Animals were live-trapped using trap grids placed along the field edge, in the center of the fields, and in unfarmed roadsides during May, July and November. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) dominated the populations of small mammals trapped on all treatments during both years, comprising 64% of all captures in 1982 and 70% in 1983. Tillage treatment's, and locations within fields did not influence total captures or demographic parameters of deer mice. Small mammal communities were more diverse near field edges and in no-till treatments compared with conventional tillage. Based on equal utilization of the three habitat types and similar home ranges at edge and middle locations, it was concluded that stable population levels occurred in all areas of these agroecosystems with no evidence of encroachment from surrounding unfarmed areas. Declines in rodent populations in 1983 were attributed to severe winter weather.
Climate change may speed democratic turnover

The electoral fate of incumbent politicians depends heavily upon voters’ well-being. Might climate change – by amplifying threats to human well-being – cause incumbent democratic politicians and parties to lose office more frequently? Here I conduct the first-ever investigation of the relationship between temperature, electoral returns, and future climate change. Using data from over 1.5 billion votes in over 4,800 electoral contests held in 19 countries between 1925 and 2011, coupled with meteorological data, I show that increases in annual temperatures above 21 °C (70 °F) markedly decrease officeholders’ vote share. I combine these empirical estimates with an ensemble of climate models to project the impact of climate change on the fate of future officeholders. Resulting forecasts indicate that by 2099 climate change may reduce average incumbent party vote share across all nations in the sample, with the most acute worsening occurring in poorer countries. If realized, these predictions indicate that climate change could amplify future rates of democratic turnover by causing incumbent parties and their politicians to lose office with increasing frequency.
Can Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Be Reliably Identified in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories?

Candida auris, an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast associated with a high mortality rate, has been increasingly reported outside the United States to cause outbreaks in hospital settings ([1][1]). Although this organism is rare in the United States, its prevalence may be underestimated because of
The concept of khranitel’nitsa domashnego ochaga: metaphorical construction of female identity in Russia

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the metaphor of khranitel’nitsa domashnego ochaga, which is often evoked in Russian social, political, religious, and media discourses as part of discussions of the biologically ‘pre-determined’ (and therefore ‘natural’) division of gender roles and the place of women in society. This metaphoric phrase has been translated as ‘custodian [or guardian] of the family hearth.’ In the present study, the metaphor serves as a guiding construct for analysis of the interview discourses of 20 Russian women who live in Moscow, Russia. Following Laclau and Mouffe, the concept of khranitel’nitsa domashnego ochaga is considered a nodal point around which discourses are organized to construct a specific form of cultural narrative that codifies differences between men and women. The study analyzes semantic connections the metaphor reflects in the meaning-making of Russian women, its enduring properties, and the discourses participants drew on in their articulations of khranitel’nitsa domashnego...
Wearable sensors for analyzing personal exposure to air pollution

This paper describes hardware developments in a wearable air quality sensor assembly for analyzing personal exposure to air pollution. According to the World Health Organization, exposure to air pollution is now the largest single environmental health risk globally, leading to approximately 7 million deaths in 2012 alone. Understanding personal exposure from traditional stationary and spatially disperse monitoring stations is challenging, particularly in urban environments with multiple pollutant sources and complex transport dynamics. Portable air quality sensors have the potential to fill in the gap left by traditional air pollution monitoring. Air pollution sensor technology is decreasing in cost and size, meaning it is now tenable to use low-cost portable air pollution sensors. The data collected by the wearable air quality sensor assembly, EnviroSensor 2.0, includes measurements of ozone, particulate matter, temperature, humidity, latitude, and longitude.
Sources and Generation of Surface Contaminants and Their Impact

Abstract Surface contaminants are ubiquitous. The most common types of contamination are particles, molecular contamination, ionic contamination, and microbial contamination. This chapter provides an overview of the sources and generation of these contaminants and discusses some of the impacts of the contaminants.
Investigating the Origins of Political Views: Biases in Explanation Predict Conservative Attitudes in Children and Adults.

We tested the hypothesis that political attitudes are influenced by an information-processing factor - namely, a bias in the content of everyday explanations. Because many societal phenomena are enormously complex, people's understanding of them often relies on heuristic shortcuts. For instance, when generating explanations for such phenomena (e.g., why does this group have low status?), people often rely on facts that they can retrieve easily from memory - facts that are skewed toward inherent or intrinsic features (e.g., this group is unintelligent). We hypothesized that this bias in the content of heuristic explanations leads to a tendency to (1) view socioeconomic stratification as acceptable and (2) prefer current societal arrangements to alternative ones, two hallmarks of conservative ideology. Moreover, since the inherence bias in explanation is present across development, we expected it to shape children's proto-political judgments as well. Three studies with adults and 4- to 8-year-old children (N = 784) provided support for these predictions: Not only did individual differences in reliance on inherent explanations uniquely predict endorsement of conservative views (particularly the stratification-supporting component; Study 1), but manipulations of this explanatory bias also had downstream consequences for political attitudes in both children and adults (Studies 2 and 3). This work contributes to our understanding of the origins of political attitudes.
What Makes New Ischemic Lesions Symptomatic after Aortic Valve Replacement

Background Acute cerebral infarctions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common after cardiothoracic surgery. However, most are asymptomatic and we aimed to identify features associated with clinical stroke symptoms. Methods Patients over 65 years of age undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for calcific stenosis were prospectively recruited (N = 196). All patients underwent neurological evaluation preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7, and MRI on planned postoperative day 5. Among those with new postoperative DWI lesions, we performed univariate and multivariable analyses to identify clinical, demographic, surgical, and imaging factors associated with clinical stroke symptoms. Results Of the 129 patients who completed a postsurgical MRI, 79 (61%) had DWI lesions and 17 (21.5%) of these had new stroke symptoms concordant with the infarct distribution. In an exploratory multivariable analysis, focal neurological symptoms were associated with increased age, a longer bypass duration, and a larger pre-existing lesion burden on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Limiting the analysis to the 61 patients with analyzable volume and location data, logistic regression failed to identify any location-related determinant of symptomatic lesions. Conclusions New DWI lesions are common after AVR, but most are asymptomatic. Patients are more likely to have symptoms with longer bypass durations, increasing age, and larger pre-existing lesion burdens.
Preparation of Tc99m-Labeled Pseudomonas Bacteriophage without Adversely Impacting Infectivity or Biodistribution

Bacteriophages (phages) are ubiquitous viruses which have adapted to infect and replicate within target bacteria, their only known hosts, in a strain specific fashion with minimal cross infectivity. The recent steep rise in antibiotic resistance throughout the world has renewed interest in adapting phages for the imaging and treatment of bacterial infection in humans. In this article, we describe the current limitations surrounding the radiolabeling of phage for the imaging and treatment of bacterial infection and methods to overcome these difficulties. Specifically, we examined the effects of hydrazinonicotinamide conjugation and removal of bacterial DNA on the infectivity, biodistribution, and radionuclide imaging of a phage lytic for a clinically relevant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common Gram-negative bacterial pathogen often resistant to multiple antibiotics. We found that all but the briefest reaction of concentrated phage with hydrazinonicotinamide (≤3 min) resulted in nearly complete loss...
Power distribution of magnetospheric whistler mode waves with finite electron and ion temperature

Whistler mode waves play an important role in energy dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere. A majority of the previous work on whistler mode raytracing in the Earth's magnetosphere was done assuming a cold background plasma (0 k) even though the temperature of electrons and ions is around 1eV In this work we present our recent results on power distribution and lifetime of whistler mode waves with the inclusion of finite electron and ion temperature. The simulated power distribution results with finite temperature effects show a better agreement with the Van-Allen Probe space craft observations than the simulated results under cold plasma assumptions.
Health policy: Towards greater equity in the global oncology workforce.

Despite the rising incidence of cancer in low-income and lower-middle-income countries, very few oncologists are present in these regions — or, in some areas, even none. However, limited evidence of the global oncology workload inequity is available in the literature. Herein, we summarize recent findings that shed some light on this problem and discuss potential oncology workforce solutions.
Metabolic consequences of HIF silencing in a triple negative human breast cancer xenograft.

// Santosh K. Bharti 1 , Yelena Mironchik 1 , Flonne Wildes 1 , Marie-France Penet 1, 2 , Eibhlin Goggins 1 , Balaji Krishnamachary 1 and Zaver M. Bhujwalla 1, 2, 3 1 Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Zaver M. Bhujwalla, email: zaver@mri.jhu.edu Balaji Krishnamachary, email: bkrishn1@jhu.edu Keywords: breast cancer xenografts; hypoxia inducible factor; hypoxia; MR spectroscopy; metabolism Received: August 25, 2017 Accepted: February 20, 2018 Epub: February 24, 2018 Published: March 16, 2018 ABSTRACT Hypoxia is frequently encountered in tumors and results in the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). These factors transcriptionally activate genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxia. In cancers, hypoxia and HIFs have been associated with increased invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemo and radiation therapy. Here we have characterized the metabolic consequences of silencing HIF-1α and HIF-2α singly or combined in MDA-MB-231 triple negative human breast cancer xenografts, using non-invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( 1 H MRSI) of in vivo tumors, and high-resolution 1 H MRS of tumor extracts. Tumors from all three sublines showed a significant reduction of growth rate. We identified new metabolic targets of HIF, and demonstrated the divergent consequences of silencing HIF-1α and HIF-2α individually on some of these targets. These data expand our understanding of the metabolic pathways regulated by HIFs that may provide new insights into the adaptive metabolic response of cancer cells to hypoxia. Such insights may lead to novel metabolism based therapeutic targets for triple negative breast cancer.
The Suicide Call—An Affective Learning Experience

Dissatisfaction with traditional methods of teaching the topic of suicide to medical students led to the design of an innovative approach, the suicide call. A simulated “patient” places a call to the classroom. Students are chosen to interact with the “patient” via the telephone. Utilizing the telephone adds such a sense of immediacy to the situation that students have difficulty denying their feelings about suicide. Thus, the psychodynamics of suicide can be demonstrated so clearly that there is little resistance on the part of the students.
Pentoxifylline interferes with potential sources of free radical generation during endotoxemia.

Increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor concentrations, activated neutrophils, and inadequate oxygen delivery to tissue are associated with free radical generation and also with endotoxic shock. Pentoxifylline suppresses the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor in endotoxin stimulated macrophages1 and when administered in vivo significantly attenuates circulating tumor necrosis factor and survival in mice challenged with endotoxin.2 Pentoxifylline also inhibits neutrophil activation induced by tumor necrosis factor.3 Additionally, pentoxifylline possesses antithrombotic activity and induces synthesis of endothelial cell prostacyclin, both of which should promote tissue perfusion during endotoxin-induced low flow conditions. This study was designed to determine the effect of pentoxifylline on the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and pathologic responses to endotoxin.
Allozyme diversity in non-social spiders: pattern, process and conservation implications

In this article we summarize estimates of genetic variation based on allozymes for 30 non-social spider species. Overall, these species show moderate levels of genetic variability (mean Ho = 6.8%) compared to other invertebrate species surveyed for allozymes, although a number of spiders possess only minimal variation. Fossorial spiders, especially those which are coastal dune dwellers, typically display less variation than other non-social arachnids. In general, differences in heterozygosity estimates between groups of non-social spiders in this article are not confounded by the varying mix of proteins that have been assayed by individual investigators. There is a significant positive relationship between genetic variability and gene flow (Nm), indicating that non-social spider populations which exhibit reduced variability are likely to be genetically isolated. Population bottlenecks, directional selection and environmental homogeneity have all been cited to account for reduced variability in particular non-social spiders. In addition, an analysis using the genus Lutica suggests that low genetic variation may be accompanied by decreased population fitness. Since the potential for evolutionary change is dependent on the existence of genetic variability, our findings indicate that a number of non-social spiders may be at risk in terms of long-term population viability. This conclusion should be verified/extended via a combination of more genetic surveys; genetic and ecological monitoring of populations and their fitnesses in the wild; and experimental studies of the mechanisms underlying fitness differences.
Andromeda and Astronomy at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

Astronomy traveled the distance of a galaxy in the nineteenth century. It entered the century as a study premised upon the impressionistic, snapshot observations by the human senses, while exiting it far more a science. Many forces, building from the time of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton contributed to that transformation, including the adoption of mathematics as a predictive tool and the increased reliance upon empirical evidence and data to support cosmological claims. Moreover, the legacy from Copernicus – not necessarily to trust what your senses tell you but instead seek what makes explanatory sense – also drove the field of astronomy into the nineteenth century.
First Critique of the Fair and Equitable Health Care Act

Dr. Crippen has assembled this volume to explore how critical care medicine (CCM) professionals approach the care of patients when they or their proxies request marginal or no-benefit care consuming increasingly limited resources in the global critical care village. Most chapters in this volume attest to how CCM professionals operationalize the dilemma of supply versus demand imbalance in their national systems and cultures under variable numbers of ICU beds, technology infrastructure, professional manpower, and historical and cultural precedents in the context of worldwide bioethical pleuralism [1].
Analysis of Ordinal Paired Comparison Data

Two types of model are discussed for paired comparisons of several treatments using ordinal scales such as (A B, A » B, A ⋙ B), where A ≪ B denotes strong preference for treatment B over treatment A, A ≪ B denotes moderate preference for B, A B), special cases of the models using logit transforms simplify to the Bradley‐Terry model. When the same raters compare each pair of treatments, one can allow within‐rater dependence by fitting the models with constrained maximum likelihood.
New Perspectives on Materials Design

In order to have a good perspective on “materials design”, it is necessary to define the concept. Materials design can be viewed as the best application of available information and understanding for the prediction and synthesis of materials with desired properties. Here, understanding is differentiated from information and is used to imply correlations usable to formulate workable concepts. We know what functions a material should have or with better understanding what properties a material should have to provide a given function. However, the means to predict and then prepare the material with the desired properties for a given function or process is now generally lacking.
On Finite and Nonfinite Generation of Associated Graded Rings of Abhyankar Valuations

We consider the condition that the associated graded ring of a local ring along an Abhyankar valuation is finitely generated. We characterize when this holds for regular local rings of domension two, and give some examples of maximal rank Abhyankar valuations for which the associated graded ring is not finitely generated on two dimensional normal local rings and regular local rings of dimension larger than two. We characterize two dimensional normal local rings for which all divisorial valuations which dominate the ring have a finitely generated associated graded ring.
Sport and Physical Activity Level Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life Among Collegiate Students

Purpose:To examine and compare the role of self-assessed sport and physical activity involvement on the health-related quality of life among undergraduate student-athletes and general undergraduate...
Book Review: Just Around Midnight by Jack Hamilton

Jack Hamilton. Just Around Midnight: Rock and Roll and the Racial Imagination . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016, 340 pp. In the history of rock, the subject of race, specifically that of black and white relations, has long served as a major point of contestation and contention. How
Effectiveness of intracorneal ring segments for keratoconus.

Purpose of review To review the efficacy of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) for keratoconus and with other interventions such as contacts lens, keratoplasty, and corneal collagen cross-linking. Recent findings Changes in ICRS thickness and size, combination of procedures, and the adaptation of a more sophisticated classification system have broadened our application of ICRS. Recent studies have shown the long-term efficacy of ICRS in visual acuity, keratometry, and astigmatism. Summary Studies have demonstrated the short-term and long-term efficacy of ICRS implantation in patients with keratoconus.
An OpenRBAC Semantic Model for Access Control in Vehicular Networks

Inter-vehicle communication has the potential to significantly improve driving safety, but also raises security concerns. The fundamental mechanism to govern information sharing behaviors is access control. Since vehicular networks have a highly dynamic and open nature, access control becomes very challenging. Existing works are not applicable to the vehicular world. In this paper, we develop a new access control model, openRBAC, and the corresponding mechanisms for access control in vehicular systems. Our approach lets the accessee define a relative role hierarchy, specifying all potential accessor roles in terms of their relative perception to the accessees. Access control policies are defined for the relative roles in the hierarchy. Since the accessee has a clear understanding of the relative roles defined by itself, the policy definitions can be precise and less flawed.
Evaluating sepsis definitions for clinical decision support against a definition for epidemiological disease surveillance

ABSTRACT Epidemiological definitions for sepsis have been used to improve disease surveillance and assist in national assessment of sepsis detection and treatment. However, epidemiological definitions are often optimized for retrospective review and alignment of epidemiological and real-time clinical decision support definitions is unknown. This 15-month retrospective observational study involving 43,046 adult patient encounters and 30,973 unique patients compared cohorts captured by the EHR-based Sepsis-1, Sepsis-3, and Duke Adult Sepsis definitions. We assessed hospital length of stay, in-hospital mortality, admission to the intensive care unit, and sensitivity and specificity of these definitions compared to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention epidemiological ‘gold-standard’ definition. Both Duke Adult Sepsis and Sepsis-3 maintained a high specificity, but the former had higher sensitivity. By directly comparing definitions designed for clinical decision support with an epidemiological disease surveillance tool, this work provides guidance to health systems seeking to implement clinical decision support to improve sepsis management.
Proposing an Examen for Living the Ecology of Daily Life and Building a Culture of Care

This article examines a relatively unexplored aspect of integral ecology in Laudato Si’ called “the ecology of daily life” and considers how living a healthy ecology of daily life relates to the unique vocation of humans to care for creation. Specifically, what does the Pope intend by “the ecology of daily life”? What are some obstacles to living it? How can living the ecology of daily life help build a culture of care? Based upon the principles articulated in the encyclical, the article proposes an examen for assessing progress in living the ecology of daily life. This examen is applied to two case studies in order to discern a fruitful practice of the ecology of daily life. The case studies represent environmental situations that, while affected by larger scale industrial/commercial processes, are primarily driven by micro-scale decision-making and small daily actions of individuals and local communities. The first case study focuses on endocrine disrupting chemicals as an example of a polluted ecology of daily life, and the second highlights a zero waste initiative as an exemplar of an integral ecology of daily life. The article concludes with comments on lessons learned from the exercise of applying the examen to two concrete situations. This approach can help individuals and communities discern how to build a culture of care based upon the principles of the ecology of daily life as they are presented in Laudato Si’ .
La reeducación y la reinserción social en prisión: El tratamiento en el medio penitenciario español

espanolEl tratamiento penitenciario es un tema frecuentemente desconocido por el publico general, pues a menudo, cuando se habla de reeducacion y reinsercion en los medios de comunicacion es para poner de manifiesto su fracaso, convirtiendo asi el funcionamiento y los efectos positivos del tratamiento penitenciario en algo ignorado; la labor que realizan los profesionales del medio penitenciario en materia de reeducacion y reinsercion es muy intensa y amplia, e implica grandes esfuerzos, pues existen muchos obstaculos que vencer para implementar los programas de tratamiento en un medio como el carcelario. Asi, en este articulo, se pretende dar una vision general del tratamiento penitenciario, desde la finalidad primordial de reeducacion y reinsercion social asignada a las penas privativas de libertad hasta la amplia oferta tratamental vigente en la institucion penitenciaria, pasando por una breve exposicion sobre el concepto, dinamica de funcionamiento y obstaculos en la implementacion del tratamiento en prision EnglishPrison treatment is a topic quite unknown by the public opinion, used to receive a distorted information because when talking about reeducation and reinsertion into the media, it is to reveal its failure, thus turning the positive effects and functioning of the prison treatment into something ignored; the work done by prison professionals in the field of reeducation and reintegration is very intense and large, and involves great efforts, because there are many obstacles to overcome to implement treatment programs in a prison environment. Thus, in this article, it is intended to give an overview of prison treatment, from the primary purpose of reeducation and social reinsertion assigned to custodial sentences up to the wide range of treatments in force in the penitentiary institution, going through a brief explanation on the concept, operational dynamics and obstacles in the implementation of the prison treatment
Frequency Control of Multi-Pulse 2-micron Laser Transmitter for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Measurement

Laser sources with highly stabilized emission wavelength is of paramount importance for a long term atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement from a space platform. Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar is a promising instrument for such a task. The design of a laser transmitter, with emphasis on the method used to control and select several wavelengths, is presented. This multi-pulsed, injection seeded, 2-µm transmitter uses a Ho:Tm:YLF laser crystal which has matching emission to the absorption of CO2 in the R30 spectroscopic area. The injection seeded laser produces triple single longitudinal mode transform limited line width pulses with a total of 80 mJ at a repetition rate of 50 Hz.
Manure Management at Ohio Confined Animal Feeding Facilities in the Maumee River Watershed

Abstract In 2015, 48 permitted Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) housed approximately 90% of poultry and 20% of swine and cattle within the Ohio portion of the Maumee River watershed. Recently, concerns about the impact CAFOs may have on nutrient loading in the watershed have been raised. In this study, we used manure management plans and inspection reports obtained from the Ohio Department of Agriculture Division of Livestock Environmental Permitting (ODA-DLEP) to assess how these CAFOs managed their manure for the years 2014 and 2015. A majority of liquid manure was applied between April and October, closely matching the amount of liquid manure planned to be applied during this period. Approximately 79% of the acres under control of the CAFOs that received manure had Bray P1 soil test phosphorus values below 50 ppm. The average distance between a swine CAFO’s livestock holding barn to the fields they control that can receive manure was 1.43 miles while for cattle CAFOs this distance was 1.91 miles. Approximately 78% of manure phosphorus generated on CAFOs was planned to be transferred through Distribution and Utilization, a process in which ownership of manure changes hands, including virtually all solid poultry manure phosphorus. While publicly available data show that, in general, CAFOs in the region are adhering to their state-approved permits, a knowledge gap regarding the management of approximately 80% of manure phosphorus exists due to manure transferred through Distribution and Utilization and manure produced from non-permitted livestock operations.
Holding Paradox: Activating the Generative (Im)possibility of Art Education Through Provocative Acts of Mentoring With Beginning Art Teachers

We describe the theorization and implementation of a collaborative pilot initiative that took place over the course of one school year as we implemented provocative acts of mentoring for beginning ...
Progress in laboratory detection of human enterovirus 71

In recent years,human enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections show rising trend all over the world,especially in Asia-Pacific area.EV71 infections mostly result in hand,foot and mouth disease and may cause central nervous system complications,which are associated with death or permanent muscle paralysis.EV71 has attracted widely attention in medical field.The research progress in laboratory detection of EV71 is mainly summarized in this paper. Key words: Enterovrus; Laboratory techniques and procedures; Epidemiology
Short single-wedge stems have higher risk of periprosthetic fracture than other cementless stem designs in Dorr type A femurs: a finite element analysis

Background:The use of total hip arthroplasty (THA) femoral stems that transmit force in a favourable manner to the femur may minimise periprosthetic fractures. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a co...
Fiduciary Boilerplate: Locating Fiduciary Relationships in Information Age Consumer Transactions

The result of applying general contract principles to consumer boilerplate has been a mass transfer of unrestricted rights to use and sell personal information from consumers to companies. This has enriched companies and enhanced their ability to manipulate consumers. It has also contributed to the modern data insecurity crisis. Consumer transactions should create fiduciary relationships between firm and consumer as a matter of law. Recognizing this fiduciary relationship at law honors the existence of consumer agreements while also putting adaptable, context-sensitive limits on opportunistic behavior by firms. In a world of ubiquitous, interconnected, and mutable contracts, consumers must trust the companies with which they transact not to expose them to economic exploitation and undue security risks: the very essence of a fiduciary relationship. Firms owe fiduciary duties of loyalty and care to their customers that cannot be displaced by assent to boilerplate. History, doctrine, and pragmatism all support this position.
Refractory Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Patient With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage—A Clinical Conundrum:

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) often resolves with discontinuation of heparin/ heparinoid products. Severe HIT with platelet counts <20,000/µL and disseminated intravascular coagulation is ...
Fabrication and Characterization of I-cord Knitted SMA Actuators

Knitted SMA actuators provide greater actuation stroke than single-strand SMA wire actuators by leveraging its knitted structure. However, due to short-circuiting through interlacing knit loops, existing knitted SMA sheet actuators are unsuitable for joule-heating actuation when uniform contractile actuation is desired. We explore an axially symmetric tubular i-cord knitted actuator as a possible solution. The fabrication process of an i-cord knitted SMA actuator and its electrical, thermal, and mechanics models are presented. After modifying existing models for single-strand SMA wire and adjusting their parameters, the proposed electrical, thermal, and mechanics models were verified with experimental results.
Transition of the adolescent transplant patient to adult care

Summary The transition from pediatric transplant care to adult-centered transplant care has received increased attentionbecause more pediatric liver transplant recipients are surviv-ing into adulthood. Routine and standardized assessmentsof transition readiness may help in identifying a high-riskpopulation for interventions both before and after the trans-fer to adult care. There remains a need for the developmentof evidence-based practices to guide the transition processand to identify predictors of successful outcomes. CORRESPONDENCEEmily M. Fredericks, Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics and CommunicableDiseases, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Room 6E07, AnnArbor, MI 48109-5456. E-mail: emfred@med.umich.edu. References 1. Ng VL, Alonso EM, Bucuvalas JC, Cohen G, Limbers CA, Varni JW, et al.; forStudies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) Research Group. Healthstatus of children alive 10 years after pediatric liver transplantation per-formed in the US and Canada: report of the Studies of Pediatric Liver Trans-plantation experience. J Pediatr 2012;160:820-826.2. LaRosa C, Glah C, Baluarte HJ, Meyers KE. Solid-organ transplantationin childhood: transitioning to adult health care. Pediatrics 2011;127:742-753.3. Kennedy A, Sawyer S. Transition from pediatric to adult services: are we get-ting it right? Curr Opin Pediatr 2008;20:403-409.4. Fredericks EM, Dore-Stites D, Well A, Magee JC, Freed GL, Shieck V, et al.Assessment of transition readiness skills and adherence in pediatric livertransplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2010;14:944-953.5. Kieckhefer GM, Trahms CM. Supporting development of children withchronic conditions: from compliance toward shared management. PediatrNurs 2000;26:354-363.6. Annunziato RA, Emre S, Shneider B, Barton C, Dugan CA, Shemesh E.Adherence and medical outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients whotransition to adult services. Pediatr Transplant 2007;11:608-614.7. Magee JC, Thomas SE, Fredericks EM, Guidinger MK, Port FK,Kalbfleisch JD, et al. Effect of recipient age and ‘‘transition’’ on graft lossin pediatric transplant recipients [abstract]. Am J Transplant 2006;6(suppl2):214.8. Dobbels F, Van Damme-Lombaert R, Vanhaecke J, De Geest S. Growing pains:non-adherence with the immunosuppressive regimen in adolescent trans-plant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2005;9:381-390.9. Shemesh E, Shneider BL, Savitzky JK, Arnott L, Gondolesi GE, Krieger NR,et al. Medication adherence in pediatric and adolescent liver transplant recip-ients. Pediatrics 2004;113:825-832.10. Suris JC, Michaud PA, Viner R. The adolescent with a chronic condition. PartI: developmental issues. Arch Dis Child 2004;89:938-942.11. Bell LE, Bartosh SM, Davis CL, Dobbels F, Al-Uzri A, Lotstein D, et al. Adoles-cent transition to adult care in solid organ transplantation: a consensus con-ference report. Am J Transplant 2008;8:2230-2242.
Political preference functions, trade wars, and trade negotiations

The integration of elementary political considerations into computable general equilibrium models is considered, and an extended illustration to agricultural trade negotiations provided. The application involves an evaluation of the payoffs of alternative support levels to agricultural and non-agricultural interests in the EC and the US. A government political preference function for each region is calibrated as a CES aggregation of the payoffs to the two interest groups, with weights corresponding to their benchmark political influence. The political preference function is presumed to be employed by each government to determine the level of agricultural support. The analysis illustrates how sensitive such computable general equilibrium models can be to elementary political considerations, mainly due to the flatness of the implied Pareto frontier. It also illustrates how one can modify the traditional political preference function approach to accommodate possible convexities of the Pareto frontier in empirical models.
Ultrarelativistic decoupling transformation for generalized Dirac equations

The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is known to uncover the nonrelativistic limit of a generalized Dirac Hamiltonian, lending an intuitive physical interpretation to the effective operators within Schr\"odinger-Pauli theory. We here discuss the opposite, ultrarelativistic limit which requires the use of a fundamentally different expansion where the leading kinetic term in the Dirac equation is perturbed by the mass of the particle and other interaction (potential) terms, rather than vice versa. The ultrarelativistic decoupling transformation is applied to free Dirac particles (in the Weyl basis) and to high-energy tachyons, which are faster-than-light particles described by a fully Lorentz-covariant equation. The effective gravitational interactions are found. For tachyons, the dominant gravitational interaction term in the high-energy limit is shown to be attractive and equal to the leading term for subluminal Dirac particles (tardyons) in the high-energy limit.
Vademecum Contemporary History Moldova: A Guide to Archives, Research Institutions, Libraries, Associations, Museums and Sites of Memory by Klaus Bochmann and Marina Dumbrava, eds

Vademecum Contemporary History Moldova is more of an annotated directory than a handbook. It compiles a list of institutions and sources that may be of interest to those researching contemporary1 h...
The Effect of Chronic Ethanol Ingestion on Myocardial Glucose and Energy Metabolism

To determine the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion, rats were given 15 or 25% v/v of alcohol in water for a period of 6 months. The activities of some key enzymes involved in the metabolism of glucose, mitochondrial respiratory rates, and efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation were studied in the hearts of alcohol-treated and untreated rats. In the group receiving 15% alcohol, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) was elevated. In rats given 25% alcohol, activities of G-6-PDH, aldolase, and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase were elevated but isocitrate dehydrogenase was reduced. Mitochondrial respiratory rates and the efficiency of phosphorylation were depressed in rats given 25% of alcohol. Except for mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate, all biochemical parameters studied were within normal limits a month after alcohol was discontinued.
Can Cool Japan save Post-Disaster Japan? On the Possibilities and Impossibilities of a Cool Japanology

This article considers Cool Japan in light of catastrophe, first theoretically through a phenomenological analysis of Cool Japan and Cool Japanology, suggesting that the study of Cool Japan itself is way of uncooling the object of inquiry, itself a reaction to the apocalyptic realities of everyday life since the dawn of the modern world. The article finishes with a sociological reflection on current events through a detourner of the sekai kei genre in Summer Wars' inclusion of two sociological types in its rendition of catastrophe. This article then is intended as a preliminary step to understanding the specificity and commonalities of Japanese cool power through an understanding of the phenomenon of cool and the contents to which cool often refers.
Magnetic Flux Pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 Films

The magnetic hysteresis was studied for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 films of different epitaxial orientations on single-crystal SrTiO 3 and KTaO 3 substrates. Deposition by coevaporation of Y, BaF 2 , and Cu was followed by annealing in flowing, wet oxygen at 800-850°C. The critical current density J c deduced from magnetic hysteresis loops was compared with four-terminal transport-current results. Thermally activated magnetic flux flow was manifest in the audio-frequency data. J c fits a scaling law similar to one used for describing Nb 3 Sn and other A15 materials.
Neonatal pancytopenia associated with de novo 1q43-44 deletion and 10p15 duplication

Deletion of 1q43-44 has been reported in >50 cases. Phenotype-genotype correlation of this deletion has recently been described based on 20 pure cases. This led to the definition of critical regions and candidate genes for microcephaly, corpus callosum abnormalities, and seizure disorders. Variable penetrance and expressivity are associated with 1q43-44 microdeletion syndrome, explaining the lack of correlation in rare cases. Despite variation in size of the deletion, most cases are characterized by typical dysmorphic features, but none have demonstrated neonatal pancytopenia. We report on a newborn with partial monosomy 1q43-44 and partial trisomy 10p15.1→10pter born with dysmorphic features and neonatal pancytopenia. Array-CGH analysis characterizes the deletion and the duplication as terminal with estimated sizes of 8 to 9 and 5 to 6 Mb, respectively. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed the 10p duplication as unbalanced and translocated onto 1q. The deletion in the 1q43-44 region is the largest among the 20 cases reported most recently. The 10p partnership with the derivative 1q43-44 region is unique. We discuss the association of neonatal pancytopenia with 1q deletion and 10p duplication, in light of a recent published case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a constitutional case of 1q deletion and 1p duplication.
Enter the dragon: China's courtship of Hong Kong, 1982–1999

Abstract From 1982, when the Chinese government first signalled its intention to take back Hong Kong, to the actual transfer of sovereignty in 1997, the PRC engaged in a long-term campaign to “win friends and influence people” in the British colony. Hoping to prevent a large-scale flight of capital and manpower, and wishing to cultivate a core group of sympathetic local notables as future political leaders, Beijing issued frequent pledges of non-interference in Hong Kong's affairs and adopted classic “united front” tactics — flattering, cajoling, and otherwise wooing potential supporters while snubbing (and sometimes smearing) outspoken critics. Despite intensely negative local reaction to the 1989 “Tiananmen Massacre”, over the long haul Beijing largely succeeded in disarming public fears of a heavyhanded Chinese takeover. Consequently, the handover itself was an extremely calm, tranquil affair. And in the first 2 years of Hong Kong's new status as a “Special Administrative Region” of China, the PRC earned generally high marks for honoring its pledge to uphold the principle of “one country, two systems”.
Risk Factors for Sleep Bruxism in the General Population

Objective: Sleep bruxism can have a significant effecton the patient's quality of life. It may also be associated with anumber of disorders. However, little is known about the epidemiology ofsleep bruxism and its risk factors in the general population. Design: Cross-sectional telephone survey using the, Sleep-EVAL knowledge based system. Settings: Representative samples of three general populations (United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy) consisting of 158 million inhabitants. Participants: Thirteen thousand fifty-seven subjects aged≥15 years (United Kingdom, 4,972 subjects; Germany, 4,115 subjects; and Italy, 3,970 subjects). Intervention: None. Measurements: Clinical questionnaire on bruxism (using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders [ICSD]minimal set of criteria) with an investigation of associatedpathologies ( ie , sleep, breathing disorders, andpsychiatric and neurologic pathologies). Results: Grinding of teeth during sleep occurring at least weekly was reportedby 8.2% of the subjects, and significant consequences from teethgrinding during sleep ( ie , muscular discomfort onawakening, disturbing tooth grinding, or necessity of dental work) werefound in half of these subjects. Moreover, 4.4% of the populationfulfilled the criteria of ICSD sleep bruxism diagnosis. Finally, subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (odds ratio [OR],1.8), loud snorers (OR, 1.4), subjects with moderate daytime sleepiness(OR, 1.3), heavy alcohol drinkers (OR, 1.8), caffeine drinkers (OR,1.4), smokers (OR, 1.3), subjects with a highly stressful life (OR,1.3), and those with anxiety (OR, 1.3) are at higher risk of reportingsleep bruxism. Conclusions: Sleep bruxism is common inthe general population and represents the third most frequentparasomnia. It has numerous consequences, which are not limited todental or muscular problems. Among the associated risk factors, patients with anxiety and sleep-disordered breathing have a highernumber of risk factors for sleep bruxism, and this must raise concernsabout the future of these individuals. An educational effort to raisethe awareness of dentists and physicians about this pathology isnecessary.
Power Perfomance Tests on a Different Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Design

Most blades available for commercial grade wind turbines incorporate a straight, span-wise profile and airfoil-shaped cross-sections. These blades are found to be very efficient at low and medium wind speeds compared with the potential energy that can be extracted. This paper explores the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the blades by modifying the blade design to incorporate a swept edge. The design intends to maintain efficiency at low to medium wind speeds by selecting the appropriate orientation and size of the airfoil cross-sections based on an oncoming wind speed and given constant rotation rate. The torque generated from a blade with straight edge geometry is compared with that generated from a blade with a swept edge as predicted by CFD simulations. To validate the simulations, the experimental curve of the NTK500/41 turbine using LM19.1 blades will be reproduced using the same computational conditions. In addition, structural deformations, stress distributions, and structural vibration modes are compared between these two different turbine blade surfaces.Copyright © 2010 by ASME