cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subretinal fibrosis after laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema.

Seven eyes had subretinal fibrosis after grid laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. The fibrosis caused persistent loss in visual acuity, and in six of the seven eyes, was not associated with detectable laser-induced Bruch's membrane rupture or subretinal hemorrhage. Choroidal neovascularization was detected in only one patient, who was notably younger (27 years) than the median age of 70 years in this series. The median preoperative visual acuity was 20/80 (range, 20/40 to 20/ 400); the median postoperative visual acuity was 20/400 (range, 20/80 to counting fingers). The subretinal fibrosis was detected at a median of three months (range, 14 days to 4½ months) after laser therapy. In one of five bilaterally treated patients (20%), subretinal fibrosis developed in both eyes. Subretinal fibrosis may be caused by undetected choroidal neovascularization or by excessive proliferation after stimulation of an aged retinal pigment epithelium. Subretinal fibrosis may be a potential cause of loss in visual acuity after laser treatment for diabetic macular edema.
Experiments on parity non-conservation in nuclear gamma transitions of 181Ta and 175Lu☆

Abstract We have measured the circular polarization of γ -rays from unpolarized sources of 181 Hf and 175 Yb with a Compton polarimeter and a current integrating Ge-detector system. The results are P γ = (−3.8±1.3) × × 10 −6 for the 482 keV transition in 181 Ta, and P γ = (+6.2±0.8) × 10 −5 for the 396 keV transition in 175 Lu.
Human Dental Remains from Gough's Cave (Somerset, England)

The dental remains of nine individuals from Gough's Cave (Cheddar, Somerset) date from Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Descriptions are provided for all individuals for crown and root morphology, odontometric data, dental pathology (caries, abscess, periodontal disease, enamel hypoplasia), calculus deposition, enamel pressure chipping, occlusal attrition, and evidence of intentional/occupational modification. The analytical focus is on seven individuals who date from the Late Upper Paleolithic/Mesolithic (Creswellian) culture periods. Comparative data from nine world populations suggest five trends: 1) Gough's Cave individuals have a morphologically simplified dental pattern similar to other Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene populations of North Europe, South/Southwest Asia and North Africa. 2) Within Europe, Gough's Cave is consistent in post-Pleistocene trend towards reduction in tooth size. 3) There is a temporal trend in the British Isles towards lateral incisor reduction, while maintaining stable molar tooth size. 4) Pathology, wear, and enamel pressure chipping are consistent with a hunter/gatherer lifeway, with one individual who may have occupationally related microtrauma. 5) No evidence occurs of any cleaning striations (‘toothpick groves’) as has been suggested for Neanderthals.
Optimal surgical debulking in uterine papillary serous carcinoma affects survival

Abstract Objective UPSC is similar to papillary serous ovarian carcinoma in its histology and pattern of spread. The survival advantage with optimal debulking for ovarian cancer has been demonstrated. We examined our experience with UPSC. Methods Seventy-eight UPSC patients were seen between 1995 and 2008 at Rush University Medical Center for surgery and/or adjuvant treatment. Information was obtained retrospectively from the Rush computer system, National Death Registry, and charts from chemotherapy, radiation, and gynecologic oncology. Results Mean survival was 67.1months for all stages (95% CI 52.8–81.2), 47.6months for stage III (95% CI 26.7–68.3), and 21.7months for stage IV (95% CI 14.5–29.1). No deaths occurred in stages I and II. No significant survival difference was found between African–Americans and Whites (log-rank test, p=0.62), nor between full serous and mixed pathology (log-rank test, p=0.52). Optimally debulked stage IV patients had a mean survival of 30.9months, compared to 10.3months in suboptimally debulked patients (p The mean time to recurrence for stage I was 79.9months (95% CI 12.8–54.9), stage III was 27.4months (95% CI 7.8–47.1), and stage IV was 20.2months (95% CI 11.1–29.4) (p Conclusion Our results suggest that UPSC should be optimally debulked. Weight is a risk factor for suboptimal debulking, which decreases mean survival and time to recurrence.
The Post-Modern Self: A Retrospective

This paper examines the idea that the self is now post-modern, meaning fragmented, fluid, boundaryless, defenseless and lacking identity. This idea was popular a while back, but it now looks faddish and out-dated. The pomo self theorists over-emphasized some things and under-emphasized others, i.e. they engaged in the fallacy of reduction. They mistook minor changes in the self for major ones. They overlooked the power of the primary group. And they under-rated the self’s defenses, especially inner speech as a device for protecting the self and agency as a weapon for managing one’s environment.
In Vivo MRI of Macromolecular Transport Into the Rat Spinal Cord via Peripheral Nerve Infusion

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), or direct infusion, of therapeutic agents into peripheral nerves is of interest since it may provide an alternative delivery route to the spinal cord (SC). This delivery method requires only minimally invasive surgery, reducing the risk of SC injury during surgery. It may also allow targeting of specific neurons entering the SC. Previous studies have shown that transport in peripheral nerves is anisotropic with a preferred direction parallel to the fiber tracts [1, 2]. A large-scale longitudinal spread of macromolecular agents may be obtained and spread of agents into the SC may be possible (Fig. 1).© 2009 ASME
Seismic character of volcanic activity at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge

Never before has a volcanic eruption on a slow- or ultraslow- spreading mid-ocean ridge been both observed seismically and confirmed on the seafloor. During the first half of 1999, a long-lived volcanic-spreading event occurred on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean. The seismicity associated with this event was unprecedented in duration and magnitude for a seafloor eruption. Sonar images from the U.S.S. Hawkbill, which passed over the area within four months of the start of activity, are consistent with the presence of a large, recently erupted flow and a volcanic peak directly in the area of seismic activity. Seismic activity began in mid-January and continued vigorously for three months; a reduced rate of activity persisted for an additional four months or more. In total, 252 events were large enough to be recorded on global seismic networks. Although a limited number of volcanic-spreading events have been observed globally, the duration and magnitude of the Gakkel Ridge swarm, when compared with volcanic seismicity at ridges spreading at intermediate and fast spreading rates, suggest that a negative power-law relationship may exist between these parameters and spreading rate. Fault activation, in response to magmatic emplacement, appears to have occurred over a broad region, suggesting that magma may have been tapped from mantle depths. The slow migration of the largest magnitude events along the axis of the rift valley suggests multiple magmatic pulses at depth. In combination with bathymetric setting and sidescan sonar confirmation, the seismic data for this event have provided a unique look at the scale and character of eruption processes at ultraslow-spreading rates.
The morphogenesis of the thigh of the mouse with special reference to tetrapod muscle homologies.

In order to provide an ontogenetic basis for the establishment of tetrapod muscle homologies and for the analysis of complex mammalian muscle states, a descriptive analysis of the morphogenesis of the thigh of Mus musculus has been made. The pattern and sequence of muscle cleavage and the migrations of individual muscle primordia are characterized from the eleventh day of gestation, when cleavage begins, through early neonatal stages. Observations on skeletal differentiation and lumbosacral plexus formation are also included. Thigh muscle morphogenesis is compared to that in the lizard, Lacerta, (Romer, '42) and the chick (Romer, '27) and homologies identified. An onogenetic basis for the definition of ancestral and derived muscle states is provided in muscles that are morphologically variable in mammals. These include the gluteus minimus, gracilis, adductor brevis and several hamstring muscles. Certain muscles that show variable innervation patterns in adult mammals, i.e., pectineus, quadratus and adductor magnus, typically develop from premuscle regions that separate muscle anlagen innervated by different nerves. Two muscle anlagen appear in the embryonic mouse thigh and then disappear late in prenatal or early postnatal development. Comparisons with other mammals, especially the marsupial, Marmosa, reveal that these muscles are phylogenetic vestiges that degenerate before maturity. A sartorius vestige is identifiable through the thirteenth day of gestation. A tenuissimus anlage is present until shortly after birth and is clearly innervated by a branch of the peroneal nerve.
Metastable phase formation in thin films formed by laser breakdown chemical vapor deposition

Caracterisation structurale de couches minces produites par depot chimique en phase vapeur a partir des carbonyls de Fe et Ni. Formation d'une phase cubique faces centrees sursaturee et d'un carbure (Ni 3 CClFc 3 C respectivement). Les resultats montrent que ces carbures sont associes avec une force directrice thermodynamique forte, meme si ces phases sont metastables
Prospective Elementary Teachers’ Analysis of Children’s Science Talk in an Undergraduate Physics Course

We investigated how prospective teachers used physics content knowledge when analyzing the talk of elementary children during special activities in an undergraduate physics content course designed for prospective teachers. We found that prospective teachers used content knowledge to reflect on their own learning and to identify students’ science ideas and restate these ideas in scientific terms. Based on this research, we inferred that analyzing children’s ideas through videos provides a meaningful context for applying conceptual physics knowledge in physics courses. Activities that are embedded within a disciplinary curriculum, such as those studied here, may help prospective teachers learn to use disciplinary knowledge in exactly the type of activity in which their content knowledge will be most useful: listening to and interpreting children’s science ideas.
Adapting an Empirically Supported Intervention for a New Population and Setting: Findings and Lessons Learned from Proyecto Puentes

With an increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice, the need for social work researchers and practitioners to adapt empirically supported interventions for new populations and cultures is essential. However, social work suffers from a lack of guidance and detailed examples of intervention adaptations that may not proceed “by the book” and actually falter but recover. Many of these situations result from lack of attention to setting and context even when researchers believe they have full stakeholder buy-in. This article presents process evaluation findings from an intervention adaptation called Proyecto Puentes that allowed for self-correction and successful intervention development.
Heart Rate Variability Responses to Nipple Feeding for Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Three Case Studies

Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have cardiorespiratory compromise that prolongs the transition time from gavage to nipple feeding. Heart rate variability (HRV) provides an indirect measure of the autonomic nervous system's influence on heart rate and cardiorespiratory stability. The purpose of this case study was to describe HRV responses of three preterm infants with BPD during the transition from gavage to nipple feeding. The infants responded to nipple feeding with increases in sympathetic influence on heart rate, and the increase continued in the 10-minute postfeeding. The infants were capable of balancing sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on heart rate related to the work of feeding.
Rearrangement of substituted aromatic acetals catalysed by γ -alumina

Abstract Aromatic acetals over γ-alumina undergo rearrangement to give the corresponding esters (b) and ethers (c) in good yield. The product distribution varied unusually over the range of reaction temperatures. The effect of substituents has also been felt much in the study. Probable mechanisms have been suggested for the reaction. The catalyst has been characterized by various studies and the specific poisoning of the catalyst has been done with NH3, CO2 and H2S.
Utilization of a Time-Limited Holiday Hotline by Older Adults

Lonely older adults are frequently hesitant to reach out for help because they fear forced institutionalization or other loss of control over their lives. The utilization of a time-limited holiday hotline for outreach to lonely older persons is examined. There were 306 calls from aged persons. Grief and bereavement were the primary themes of these calls. Trained professionals and supervised students staffed the telephone bank and provided such services as responsive listening and community referrals.
Coherence and correlation in laser excitation of semiconductor quantum wells

The concept of coherence due to optical excitation of an ensemble of two-level atoms is relatively simple and well established. For the laser-excited electron-hole pairs or excitions in a semiconductor, the Pauli exclusion and the Coulomb interaction lead to the necessary evolution of the theory of coherence to incorporate the spin degree of freedom, the filling of phase space, the excitons and particularly, their correlation. We have developed two theoretical approaches: one using the Feynman diagrams and one in terms of a force-force correlation function. The former gives us a pictorial way to describe the optical processes and the latter gives us a prescription for computation beyond the perturbative approach. In this paper, we will attempt to use simple physical pictures based on our theory to describe the time development of the coherence, the role of correlation, the dependence on the polarization of light, and the nonlinear time-resolved optical experiments which measure the coherence.
Inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis and protein glycosylation by stepdown heating

Abstract Mammalian cells exhibit increased sensitivity to hyperthermic temperatures of 38–43 °C after an acute high-temperature heat shock; this phenomenon is known as the stepdown heating (SDH) effect. We characterized the SDH effect on (1) the synthesis of major heat shock proteins, HSP110, 90, 72/70, 60 (35S-amino acids label), (2) on heat-induced protein glycosylation (3H- d -mannose label), and (3) on thermotolerance expression, using cell survival as an endpoint. Partitioning of label between soluble and insoluble cell fractions was separately examined. Synthesis of high molecular weight HSPs (HSP110, 90, and 72/70) was increased both by acute (10 min, 45 °C) and chronic (1–6 h, 41.5 °C) hyperthermia, primarily in the soluble cytosol fraction. SDH (10 min, 45 °C + 1 to 6 h, 41.5 °C) completely inhibited labeling of HSP110, partially inhibited HSP90 labeling, and had virtually no effect on HSP72/70 synthesis, when compared with chronic hyperthermia alone. At the cell survival level, SDH increased sevenfold the rate of cell killing at 41.5 °C, but reduced the expression of thermotolerance by only a factor of two. This suggests that SDH sensitization did not result from changes in HSP72/70 synthesis, nor solely from inhibition of thermotolerance. 35S-labeled HSP60 and HSP50 were found primarily in the cellular pellet fraction after both acute and chronic hyperthermia. SDH completely inhibited 35S-labeling of both HSP60 and HSP50. Labeling of GP50 with 3H- d -mannose was also completely inhibited by SDH. Moreover, SDH progressively reduced N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase activity. The data demonstrate that heat sensitization by SDH is accompanied by complex and selectively inhibitory patterns of HSP synthesis and protein glycosylation. Profound inhibition of HSP110, HSP60, and HSP50/GP50 labeling suggests that these may be associated with mechanisms of SDH sensitization.
Mineralization and deformation of the Malanjkhand terrane (2,490–2,440 Ma) along the southern margin of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone

The Malanjkhand Cu–Mo–Au deposit, located near the northwest margin of the Malanjkhand batholith (terrane), is a strategic and significant porphyry-style deposit that experienced a protracted 50 m.y. deformational history shortly after its formation at 2,490±8 Ma (Stein et al. 2004). In a recent study, Panigrahi et al. (2004) averaged U–Pb SHRIMP zircon data from a pooled set of samples from the Malanjkhand batholith to advocate a meaningless intermediate age of ~2,476 Ma for the Malanjkhand granitoid and its Cu–Mo–Au deposit. In the northwest part of the Malanjkhand batholith, Re–Os dating of occurrence-specific molybdenite captures not only the age of porphyry-style mineralization and associated magmatism, but also elucidates a complex deformational history that extends to ~2,450 Ma. In the central part of the Malanjkhand batholith, Re–Os dating of delicate spindles of accessory molybdenite occurring with pristine muscovite in miarolitic cavities within the undeformed microgranitoid at the Devgaon Mo prospect unequivocally shows that deformation ceased at this location no later than 2,470–2,465 Ma. The deformational history recorded at the Malanjkhand deposit in the northwest most likely reflects prolonged transpressive convergence and docking of the Malanjkhand terrane with units in the poorly understood (proto) Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) along its southern margin, the Central Indian shear zone. The timing for this convergence is Late Archean–Early Paleoproterozoic.
Biosynthesis of Piperazic Acid via N5‐Hydroxy‐Ornithine in Kutzneria spp. 744

Which came first? We have investigated the biosynthesis of the piperazic acid (Piz) building blocks in the kutzneride family of metabolites. The flavin-dependent oxygenase KtzI was shown to convert ornithine to N(5)-OH-Orn. LC-MS/MS showed (13)C(5)-labeled versions of these two amino acids to be direct precursors of piperazic acid in vivo.
Comparison of Catch‐Curve Methods for Estimation of Mortality

Abstract Several methods are available to estimate mortality from catch curves. These methods include least squares, a maximum-likelihood method developed by Chapman and Robson, and a “simple” estimator proposed by Ssentongo and Larkin. All three of these methods are based on similar models for mortality, but data requirements are different, and they can give considerably different estimates of mortality. These three methods are compared by applying them to catch curves for natural populations, to catch curves generated by a deterministic model, and to catch curves generated by a stochastic model. In general, the least-squares estimator is the most precise under conditions encountered in assessment of fisheries, but if variation is unusually high, the maximum-likelihood estimator developed by Chapman and Robson is more precise. The “simple” estimator developed by Ssentongo and Larkin can result in serious error.
Modelling of atmospheric pollutant transport and deposition in lakeshore environments

Abstract In order to study the effects of lakes on weather modification, pollutant transport and deposition, the hydrodynamic equations were solved numerically on a variable horizontal and vertical grid. Time splitting was applied to couple an explicit pseudospectral and an implicit finite difference scheme. The resulted model difference equations were used to predict the local wind, temperature, and pressure fields as well as the evolution of the atmospheric planetary boundary layer parameters. The modeling domain was centered around a lake to investigate the potential impact of nearby industrial sources. The situation studied was characteristic of summertime conditions, driven by a synoptic weather system with air moving from land, over a cooler lake surface. This flow is shown to become highly modified by a mesoscale meteorological phenomenon known as lake-breeze. It is also shown that the presence of a lake limits pollutant deposition over its length, due to stabilization and plume entrainment in the lake-breeze. On the hand, deposition was enhanced over the upwind land due to the lake-breeze effect, and the downwind shore due to intense mxing.
Unbalance of twin-conductor lines

INDUCTIVE AND CAPACITIVE unbalances are present in transmission lines which are not transposed. Because of the expense and inconvenience involved in making transpositions, it is often desirable to omit them. This is especially true of twin-conductor lines which have certain advantages at extra-high voltages. When transpositions are omitted, it is desirable to compute the resultant unbalance. Considered here is the electrostatic unbalance to ground which is a result of unequal capacitances between the conductors of the three phases and ground. The basic conductor configuration is shown in Fig. 1.
Leader sequences of murine coronavirus mRNAs can be freely reassorted: evidence for the role of free leader RNA in transcription

Abstract Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), which replicates in cytoplasm of infected cells, contains an identical leader RNA sequence at the 5' end of each of the virus-specific mRNAs. Previous studies suggested that the synthesis of these mRNAs does not involve conventional RNA splicing and may instead require priming by a free leader RNA. In this communication, we demonstrate that, during a mixed infection with two different MHVs, the leader RNA sequences from one virus could be detected on the mRNAs of the coinfecting virus at a high frequency, as if the leader sequence and mRNAs were joined together from two randomly segregating RNA segments. This finding demonstrates that MHV mRNA transcription utilizes independently transcribed leader RNA species that possess the trans-acting property. This study thus provides further evidence in support of the unique model of "leader-primed transcription" for coronavirus mRNA synthesis.
Characterization of a 22 mm Torch for ICP-AES:

A 22 mm torch has been developed and characterized for use in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. A stability curve (radio-frequency power vs. outer-gas flow rate) was constructed for the modified torch which indicates that the larger torch can be operated at flow rates and powers similar to those for an 18 mm torch. Four operating parameters were optimized by means of a simplex algorithm. Several criteria for optimization were used, including net signal intensity for Ca(II); signal-to-background noise (S/NB) for Ca(II), Mg(II), and Fe(II); and the Mg(II)/Mg(I) line intensity ratio. The results from these simplex optimizations are compared. Mg(II)/Mg(I) was used as the final criterion for optimization for both the 22 mm and the conventional 18 mm torches. Two-dimensional spatial images of the larger plasma were compared with those of a conventional plasma (18 mm) for a variety of plasma emission features. Detection limits were determined in two ways for a suite of analytes under conditions optimized for the Mg(II)/Mg(I) ratio. The 18 mm torch affords the better limits of detection by an averaged factor of 1.5 because its smaller volume gives a lower background level. Finally, nitrogen molecular-ion emission maps were collected from both the 22 mm and a conventional 18 mm plasma as an indicator of the degree of air entrainment in the plasma. Several spatial regions of the plasma have been evaluated on the basis of the local intensity of N2+ emission for their applicability for use in atomic emission and atomic mass spectrometry. The 22 mm torch shows a larger region in and around the central channel of low or zero N2+ emission and so may be better suited for sampling into a mass spectrometer.
Aldehydes potentiate α2(I) collagen gene activity by JNK in hepatic stellate cells

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are responsible for type I collagen deposition in liver fibrosis that leads to cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to examine potential molecular signals that lead to increased α2(I) collagen gene expression by acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of alcohol and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product known to be associated with chronic liver injury. MDA and the combination of MDA and acetaldehyde were employed to determine the effect on α2(I) collagen gene expression as assessed by transient transfection analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunoblot and subsequent immunoprecipitation analysis examined stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activity. Cotransfection with a dominant negative mutant for c-jun nuclear kinase (dnJNK1) was also employed with the α2(I) collagen promoter. MDA increased α2(I) collagen gene expression nearly 2.5- to 3-fold, however there was no synergistic effect of the combination of acetaldehyde and MDA on α2(I) collagen gene activation and expression. Acetaldehyde, MDA, or both significantly increased JNK activity when compared to untreated stellate cells. The dnJNK1 expression vector abrogated α2(I) collagen transgene activity. In conclusion, JNK activation appears to be critical in the signaling cascade of oxidative metabolites of chronic alcohol-related liver injury and collagen gene activation.
Depictions of Husbands in Miscarriage Accounts

Little research has employed social support literature to investigate the support needs of women coping with the loss of a child—or the potential of partners to fulfill those needs. The researchers gathered miscarriage narratives through interviews with 24 women and analyzed the depictions of supportive and unsupportive responses from husbands. Narrators perceived partners either as ideal support sources or as clueless to enact support.
Influence of Specified Farm Management Factors on Dairy Farm Net Income

Abstract The association between specified management factors and net income was investigated to determine the amount of variation in net income that could be explained by these factors and their relative importance in explaining this variation. The source of information was 340 Michigan dairy farms, utilizing both D.H.I.A. and mail-in farm account records from 1958 through 1962. A multiple regression analysis was used to study the relationship between 38 management factors and net income. Fourteen factors were significant (P R 2 , was .75. Factors related to size, cropping practices, and dairy herd operation accounted for 28, 25, and 29% of the explained variation, respectively. Machinery expense, organization and intensity factors accounted for the remaining 18%. Livestock income per $100 feed expense and crop value per tillable acre accounted for 87% of the variation in net income attributed to all livestock and crop factors. Efforts to determine sources of variation in livestock income per $100 feed expense and crop value per tillable acre resulted in coefficients of determination of .87 and .93, respectively.
Citizen participation and judgment in policy analysis: A case study of urban air quality policy

The emphasis currently placed on citizen participation in planning results in part from the recognition that planning requires judgments that have both value and technical components. This article describes a case study of a citizen participation process in which planners' judgments, rather than the judgments of the members of a citizens' task force, seemed to dictate the outcome. Although citizens were supposed to be influential in the policy analysis, they were, in effect, excluded from a meaningful role in the process. The analysis was actually guided by planners' supposedly technical judgments. Those judgments had important value implications, however, and those implications were not made clear to the citizens' task force. Examples are given of judgments made by planners at each stage of the analysis and the value components of those judgments are discussed. In each example, the judgments resulted in elimination of alternatives, selection of information, or integration of information. Two examples of methods of citizen participation which can increase the influence of citizens' judgments are also described.
Self-Report Measures of Job Characteristics and Affective Responses: An Examination of Discriminant Validity

This paper reports an exploration of the discriminant validity of job design as measured by the JDS and JCI and job satisfaction as measured by the JDI, MSQ, IOR, and Stogdill’s satisfaction with w...
Background Concepts and Philosophy of International Business from World War II to the present

Since World War II international business has moved through three general episodes and now stands on the threshold of a fourth. These episodes are defined by the number of actors relevant to corporation decision making. The immediate postwar decade is characterized as a two-actor era – the firm itself and its overseas commercial associates. During the so-called growth years, of 1955 to 1970, increasingly the political impact of, and the political response to, corporate strategy entered the decision-making calculus. During the 1970s, the “time of trouble,” the parent governments became increasingly active. The new international order which began appearing around 1980 introduced the multi-actor era in which a wide variety of international organizations and interest groups became relevant to corporate decision making, thereby introducing a new degree of uncertainty. Generally, academic research and teaching have lagged the reality. Even now, much attention is focused on the multinational corporation, a special form of international business organization which appeared during the 1950s and 60s and which now may be giving way to the international service and trading companies. The conclusion is that little research is being done on the internal dynamics of international business.
New mean-value formulas for harmonic functions in polyhedral domains

We prove new mean value formulas for harmonic functions in polyhedra. Our approach is elementary and utilizes vanishing formulas for holomorphic functions of one complex variable and monogenic functions of one quaternionic or Clifford variable.
Pediatric ergot alkaloid exposures reported to the California Poison Control System: 1997–2008

AbstractContext. The risk of toxicity from exposure to ergot alkaloid-containing medications in children is uncertain. Due to the alarming historical experience with severe toxicity and the syndrome of ergotism from natural and synthetic ergot alkaloids, triage recommendations for pediatric exposures to medicinal agents containing ergot alkaloids may be inappropriate and inconsistent. Objectives. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical effects of unintentional ergot alkaloid exposures in children and to identify the need for hospitalization in these cases. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study of all pediatric (< 7 years old) ergot alkaloid exposures reported to the California Poison Control System (CPCS) from 1997 to 2008. Case narratives were reviewed and assessed for patient demographics, ergot alkaloid agent and dose, route of and reason for exposure, symptoms, therapy, hospitalization period, and final outcome. Results. Of the 374 cases, 353 met the inclusion criteria. The median...
Relative stability of armchair, zigzag and reczag graphene edges on the Ru(0001) surface

Abstract The relative stability of armchair, zigzag, and the reconstructed zigzag (reczag) graphene edges was studied using density functional theory with the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange correlation functional for graphene nanoribbons in vacuo and on the Ru(0001) surface. Although the reczag edge was found to be more stable in vacuo confirming previous predictions of Koskinen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 115502], the relative stability reverses upon adsorption on the Ru(0001) surface. The zigzag edge is more stable than the reczag edge on the surface by about 0.15 eV/A and the armchair ribbon was found to be approximately isoenergetic with the zigzag ribbon. For all three types of edges, strong edge–Ru interactions are observed that cause the edges to buckle down. The lowered edge height may facilitate C attachments at graphene edges during graphene synthesis.
Transcatheter embolization of hepatic arteriovenous fistula in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease--a case report.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) is asso ciated with arteriovenous fistulas throughout the body that can cause hemody namic abnormalities. Owing to their size and extent, surgical repair is often not feasible.A patient referred for presumed valvular heart disease is described. On the basis of oximetry data at cardiac catheterization, a large intrahepatic arterio venous fistula was discovered by aortography. This finding and a history of recurrent epistaxis were consistent with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. Owing to the size of the fistula, embolization of the right hepatic artery with Gianturco coils was chosen as treatment, with resultant symptomatic improvement and decreased arteriovenous shunting.
Transient convective burning of interactive fuel droplets in single-layer arrays

The transient convective burning of n-octane droplets interacting within double-layer arrays in a hot gas flow perpendicular to the layers is studied numerically, with considerations of droplet surface regression, deceleration and relative movement due to the drag of the droplets, internal liquid motion, variable properties, non-uniform liquid temperature and surface tension. Each layer in the double-layer array is a periodic droplet array aligned orthogonal to the free stream direction. The droplets in different layers are arranged either in tandem or staggered. Several different flame structures are found for the double-layer arrays. The transient behaviors of the droplets in both upstream and downstream layers are studied and compared, for various initial relative stream velocity and initial transverse droplet spacing. The average surface temperature and vaporization rate for the front (or upstream) droplets and back (or downstream) droplets are influenced by the flame structure. The front droplets in a double-layer array behave similarly to the droplets in a single-layer array for the streamwise droplet spacing considered in this study. The back droplets approach the front droplets because they generally have lower drag.
A new concept for a solid-state on-load tap changers

This paper presents a new approach for constructing a solid-slate on-load tap changer. Through a judicious choice of the tap changer topology and a novel use of the control, the proposed solid-state on-load tap changer uses fewer thyristors of lower rating than conventional thyristor based tap changer configurations. Further, it is able to accomplish the conventional 16 5/8% laps with fewer physical transformer tap winding leads. The tap changer concept has been experimentally verified at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. This paper contains a cost comparison for a 13.8 kV 10 MVA transformer and is presented to illustrate the economic potential of this concept. Depending upon the system voltage, power, and % taps, the approach presented can be 20-60% less expensive than previous efforts to realize solid-state on-load tap changers.
Information system model applications to global mobile personal communication systems

Information system models provide direction, goal clarification and organization, and aid in the selection of a technology during the concept and development stages of projects. Information system models introduced include a Top-Down Model, an Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model, an Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model, a Hardware-Software-Media (HSM), and a technology analysis grid. The evolution of information system service is discussed to demonstrate the usefulness of the information system models. Investigations in worldwide communications systems revealed a demand for services such as voice, fax, data communication, and paging in remote locations and on a global scale. Several Global Mobile Personal Communication System (GMPCS) satellites are in early development stages, and financed by multinational consortiums.
Effecting parallel graph eigensolvers through library composition

Many interesting problems in graph theory can be reduced to solving an eigenproblem of the adjacency matrix or Laplacian of a graph. Given the availability of high-quality linear algebra and graph libraries, one might expect that one could merely use a graph data structure within a eigensolver. However, conventional libraries are rigidly constructed, requiring conversion to library-specific data structures or using heavyweight abstraction methods that prevent efficient composition. The generic programming methodology addresses the problems of reusability and composability by careful factorization of a domain into efficient library abstractions. We describe the composition process that makes the data structures from a library supporting one domain usable with the algorithms of another library for a disjoint domain without conversion or heavyweight abstractions. To illustrate the process, we compose two separately-developed libraries, one for solving eigenproblems sequentially and the other for solving graph problems in parallel, effecting an efficient, scalable parallel graph eigensolver.
PICASSO: an end-to-end image simulation tool for space and airborne imaging systems

The design of any modern imaging system is the end result of many trade studies, each seeking to optimize image quality within real world constraints such as cost, schedule and overall risk. Image chain analysis - the prediction of image quality from fundamental design parameters - is an important part of this design process. At The Aerospace Corporation we have been using a variety of image chain analysis tools for many years, the Parameterized Image Chain Analysis & Simulation SOftware (PICASSO) among them. In this paper we describe our PICASSO tool, showing how, starting with a high quality input image and hypothetical design descriptions representative of the current state of the art in commercial imaging satellites, PICASSO can generate standard metrics of image quality in support of the decision processes of designers and program managers alike.
trade and sociability: balanced reciprocity as generosity in the New Guinea highlands

Analyses of material exchanges have concentrated on ceremonialized forms. Approaches to trade are poorly developed and are materialist and utilitarian. After presenting a distinction between prestations and trade based on actors' interpretations, this paper explores aspects of the sociable dimensions of Maring trade. While trade is indigenously defined as self-interested and pragmatic, it actually has the capacity to express and construct social relationships through the appearance of generosity in otherwise balanced transactions. [economic anthropology, exchange, trade, generosity, New Guinea, Maring]
Overview of Focus Group Research

This overview is intended to be a very general introduction to the use of focus groups as a research tool within the social and behavioral sciences. For more detailed information, readers are encouraged to seek out the primary sources cited here, particularly Krueger and Morgan, as well as their contributions in Qualitative Health Research (this issue).
Enhanced secondary organic aerosol formation due to water uptake by fine particles

[1] This study characterizes the partitioning behavior of a significant fraction of the ambient organic aerosol through simultaneous measurements of gas and particle water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). During the summer in Atlanta, WSOC gas/particle partitioning showed a strong RH dependence that was attributed to particulate liquid water. At elevated RH levels (>∼70%), a significant increase in WSOC partitioning to the particle phase was observed and followed the predicted water uptake by fine particles. The enhancement in particle-phase partitioning translated to increased median particle WSOC concentrations ranging from 0.3–0.9 μg C m−3. The results provide a detailed overview of the WSOC partitioning behavior in the summertime in an urban region dominated by biogenic emissions, and indicate that secondary organic aerosol formation involving partitioning to liquid water may be a significant aerosol formation route that is generally not considered.
New Voices in the Struggle/ Nuevas Voces en la Lucha Toward Increasing Latina/o Faculty in Theological Education

Little progress has been made to increase Latina/o faculty representation in theological education. In this study, 33 interviews with Latina/o theological faculty identify supports and challenges t...
Toward Multiresolution Estimation and Efficient Representation of Gravitational Fields

In this paper we demonstrate performance of several local and multi-resolution gravity models derived from existing spherical harmonic models. A model of this type was provided to USAFSC in 1997, and additional variants have been developed since then. We also begin to address the problem of estimating multi-resolution models directly from gravity measurements. We hope to demonstrate that it is reasonable to expect gravity models with greater accuracy and flexibility once the spherical harmonic basis has been eliminated from the process.
Semiconductor Quantum Dot Nanostructures and their Roles in the Future of Photonics

This paper discusses the growth and the properties of semiconductor nanostructures based on self-assembled quantum dots (QDs). These QDs confine electrons or excitons in zero-dimension (0D), similar to an artificial atom or to an artificial molecule in the case of coupled QDs with vertical alignment. They are obtained in a simple step during the epitaxy of strained III-V semiconductors such as InAs on GaAs, or InAs on InP. We will elaborate on the unique optical properties and the physics of self-assembled QDs and their applications, including QD lasers.
Power performance optimization of a new smart power IC technology targeted for 42V automotive electrical system and high-power applications

High energy implantation becomes increasingly attractive for CMOS and BiCMOS technologies due to significant benefits in performance and cost. This paper reports the electrical and thermal performance of the power devices in a new cost-effective smart power technology based on the high energy implantation process. characteristics in safe operating area and transient power capability of the power devices are investigated in terms of process and geometry optimizations, compared to the conventional implantation technology.
Isotopic nitrogen in fecal fiber as an indicator of winter diet in caribou and muskoxen

Rationale The ratios of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ(15)N values) in excreta have been used to examine aspects of trophic and nutritional ecology across taxa. Nitrogen fractions in feces of herbivores include endogenous (e.g., sloughed intestinal cells, unresorbed digestive secretions, and microbial debris) and dietary sources. For animals such as large herbivores, that have diets and feces with high concentrations of indigestible fiber, endogenous (15)N may constrain the use of fecal δ(15)N values to estimate dietary δ(15)N values and reconstruct diets. Methods We compared two techniques (detergent and detergent-free) to isolate fractions of plant fibers in the forages of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus); estimated the discrimination factors between the δ(15)N values of fecal fiber residues and of the diets of captive animals; and used the more effective isotopic tracer of dietary δ(15)N values to examine the relationships between the δ(15)N values of fecal residues and diet composition in several populations of wild caribou and muskoxen throughout North America in winter. Results The detergent-based approach contaminated the fractions of plant fibers in forages and feces with (14)N, whereas the detergent-free method was a good proxy to estimate δ(15)N values of plant fibers (r(2) = 0.92) and provided a better estimate of the fecal-fiber to diet discrimination factor for both species (caribou = 3.6‰; muskoxen = 2.8‰). In wild populations, the δ(15)N values of fecal fibers reflected diet composition in muskoxen (adjusted R(2) = 0.43) but not caribou (adjusted R(2) = 0.06). Conclusions Contamination from detergent residues prohibited the use of detergent extraction in isolating forage (15)N from endogenous (15)N in the feces of herbivores. Although δ(15)N values in fecal fibers can be used to track dietary δ(15)N values in wild herbivores, discrimination between fecal extracts and diet may vary with the contribution of endogenous nitrogen (N), and, therefore, residual endogenous (15)N in feces may limit dietary reconstructions from fecal δ(15)N values for some large herbivores.
Apparent transfer constants of mercaptans in emulsion polymerization. I. Role of diffusion and distribution coefficients

The chain transfer constants of normal and tertiary mercaptans with polystyrene radicals at 50°C. are, respectively, 19 and 4.5, with polybutadiene radicals, respectively, 19 and 3.7. The values are somewhat larger at 5°C., corresponding to an activation energy for transfer about 1 kcal./mole smaller than for propagation. At equilibrium 0.58 g. of n-octyl, 0.62g. of tert-octyl, 0.25 g. of n-tetradecyl, and 0.26 g. of tert-hexadecyl mercaptan can be dissolved per gram of polystyrene in emulsion, but the rate of attainment of equilibrium is extremely slow with the higher molecular mercaptans. The small apparent transfer constants of the higher mercaptans in emulsion polymerization are due to the slow rate of transport to the polymer particles. This transport is greatly accelerated by the addition of alcohol, which makes the distribution toward the water layer more favorable. In general the solubility in water of the mercaptan (or modifier in general) is the most important factor, the diffusion coefficient being of only secondary significance in a comparison of compounds of approximately the same molecular weight.
Meta-theory of electric powers and present state of power theory of circuits with periodic voltages and currents

Historically justified goals of the power theories development, general expectations and mathematical tools used for it are discussed in the paper. General features of the power theory of single-phase circuits with sinusoidal voltages and currents, the only commonly accepted power theory, were used as a reference for the presented discussion. Also discussed in this paper are the major issues of power theories development such as these: Should the power theory be formulated in the frequency or in time-domain? Should it be based on quantities averaged over a period or on instantaneous values? It was shown that in spite of the name "power" theory, the load currents rather than powers convey information on power properties of electrical circuits. Streszczenie. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykulu są historycznie uzasadnione cele rowoju teorii mocy, oczekiwania wzgledem niej oraz sluzące temu rozwojowi matematyczne narzedzia teorii mocy. Odniesieniem dla tej dyskusji są ogolne wlaściwości teorii mocy obwodow jednofazowych z sinusoidalnymi przebiegami prądu i napiecia, jedynej teorii mocy, co do ktorej nie ma w elektrotechnice zastrzezen. W artykule omawia sie czestotliwościowe i czasowe podejscia do teorii mocy a takze formulowanie tej teorii w oparciu o wielkości otrzymane poprzez uśrednianie lub oparte na wielkościach chwilowych (Meta-teoria mocy i obecny stan teorii mocy obwodow z okresowymi przebiegami prądow i napiec)