cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence Strategies at Home and at Work: A Study of Sixty Dual Career Couples

This study investigated the extent to which several individual difference variables (specifically, access to resources, self-confidence levels, the tendency to be dominant as compared to nurturant and sex) as well as one context variable (home or work), predicted the frequency with which professional men and women used three kinds of influence strategies. The outcomes associated with each kind of strategy use were then assessed for men and women for each context. Direct strategies were reportedly used the most frequently. Indirect-unilateral strategies (e.g. withdrawal) were used more frequently at home while indirect-bilateral strategies (e.g. suggesting, smiling) were used more frequently at work. Women reported using suggesting and smiling more than men did, but sex, overall, was a poor predictor of strategy use. The less self-confident respondents were, the more frequently they used indirect-unilateral strategies. The more nurturant that women were, the more frequently they used indirect-bilateral str...
Resource competition among saline‐lake diatoms under varying N/P ratio, salinity and anion composition

1. A series of resource competition experiments were performed with four diatom taxa isolated from saline lakes in the Northern Great Plains of North America. Three variables were tested in a factorial design: N/P ratio (6 : 1, 12 : 1, 24 : 1, 48 : 1), salinity (5, 8, 11‰), and anion composition (sulphate versus bicarbonate-dominated medium). 2. Coexistence of Chaetoceros elmorei, Cyclotella quillensis, and Cymbella pusilla occurred at the two lowest N/P ratios. These three taxa have similar N requirements and thus competitive exclusion by the taxon with the lowest N requirement may have required more time. 3. Anomoeoneis costata, which had the highest nitrogen requirements and slowest growth rate of these four taxa, declined in all cases. Cyclotella biovolume concentration consistently declined at the two highest N/P ratios, indicating a higher P requirement, which is consistent with its distribution pattern. 4. In general, we found opposite trends with respect to all variables for Chaetoceros, a taxon that mainly inhabits sulphate systems, versus Cymbella, a bicarbonate-associated taxon. Our results suggest that Cymbella may be found mainly in bicarbonate systems because of a higher C requirement, whereas Chaetoceros may be less abundant in these systems, in part, because of competitive interactions with bicarbonate-associated taxa.
A structure for quantum measurements

This paper presents an additive and product structure for quantum measurements. The additive structure generalizes the orthosum of effects in effect algebras and preserves sums of expectations. The additive structure also provides a natural order for measurements and it is shown that an initial interval of measurements forms an effect algebra. In certain cases, this effect algebra retains the properties of the original effect algebra on which the measurements are defined. Various sequential products of measurements are introduced and compared. Conditional measurements are also studied.
A mechanism for keeping useful internal information in parallel programming tools: the data access descriptor

Abstract An important aspect of any parallel programming tool is its ability to provide useful information that can help the user optimize a program for efficient parallel execution or debug a parallel program. In many parallel programming tools, data dependence information is a fundamental requirement for the implementation of the various utilities provided by the tool. Experience has shown that while data dependence is a powerful concept, it sometimes causes several complexities both in internal analysis and in programmer-tool interaction. These problems can be overcome by summarizing the effect of data dependences in parts of the program. This paper presents a mechanism for summarizing data accesses in numerical scientific programs that is easy to implement and manipulate in a programming tool. Data dependence is viewed as an intersection between data access summaries, which allows data dependence and data access to be treated in a unified manner.
Urokinase bound to fibrocollagenous tubes: an in vitro kinetic study.

Urokinase (UK) has been immobilized to the inner surfaces of fibrocollagenous tubes (FCT) in an attempt to develop a fibrinolytic biomaterial which may be suitable for use as a small diameter vascular prosthesis. The enzyme was bound by adsorption followed by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. An in vitro kinetic study of immobilized urokinase was conducted by employing the tubular material as a flow through reactor operated in a batch recycle mode in which the esterolysis of the model substrate, N-alpha-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester (ALME), was monitored as a function of substrate concentration, recycle flow rate, and temperature. Results were compared with data from the soluble enzyme reaction, which was conducted in the presence and absence of 10% swine skin gelatin, in order to identify the specific effects of a collagenous microenvironment. Observed rates for the UK-FCT catalyzed reaction were observed to be dependent on recycle flow rates below 12 mL/min (Re = 107). Apparent Michaelis-Menten rate parameters were determined by a nonlinear search technique for two flow rates: one above the critical point for external diffusion effects (Re = 282) and one within the mass-transfer-limited region (Re = 71). When the latter data were corrected for external diffusion by applying the Graetz correlation for laminar flow in tubes to estimate the mass transfer coefficient, the corrected K(m) of 6.45 +/- 0.38 mM agreed very closely with the diffusion free parameter (i.e. 6.13 +/- 0.63). Furthermore, this value was observed to be an order of magnitude higher than that of the soluble enzyme but approximately equal to the K(m) of the soluble enzyme in a 10% gelatin environment (8.13 +/- 1.53 mM). It is postulated that the difference in kinetic parameters between soluble and collagen immobilized UK is due to an inherent interaction between collagen and enzyme rather than to mass transfer effects. Such an interaction is supported by the effects of collagen on thermal stability and energy of activation.
Regional GABA/benzodiazepine receptor/chloride channel coupling after acute and chronic benzodiazepine treatment.

Abstract GABA/benzodiazepine coupling was evaluated in 8 regions of rat brain by the ability of GABA to stimulate 0.5 nM [3H]flunitrazepam binding. Rats were treated acutely with diazepam (p.o) or chronically with flurazepam, offered in the drinking water for 4 weeks, and compared to a pair-handled vehicle-treated control group. Regional variations in GABA/benzodiazepine coupling were found in control membranes. GABA increased benzodiazepine binding maximally (40%) in cerebellum and medulla, and least (25%) in olfactory bulb. A significant decrease in the effect of GABA was found in cortex of chronically treated rats immediately after, but not 2 days following treatment. The Emax for GABA stimulation of [3H]flunitrazepam binding was significantly increased in medulla after acute treatment but was not altered after acute or chronic treatment in other brain areas evaluated. Treatment had no effect on the ability of bicuculline to inhibit [3H]flunitrazepam binding in cortex. Benzodiazepine /Cl− couping in cortex or hippocampus of acutely and chronically treated rats, evaluated by the ability of Cl− to stimulate specific [3H]flunitrazepam binding, was not changed. The results support the hypothesis that a functional uncoupling of the benzodiazepine recognition site from the GABA receptor in cortex, but not from the anion recognition site, may play a role in tolerance development.
Guest Editorial: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters Special Cluster on Transformation Electromagnetics

The articles in this special section present current and emerging research performed in the transformation electromagnetics (TE) area by the antennas and propagation community. The special section presents the latest research on this subject, including new applications as well as details on the design, simulations, fabricated implementation, and measurements of a variety of innovative TE devices.
Extended resection for locally advanced primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

To determine the perioperative mortality and morbidity and the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing extended pelvic resections for localized advanced primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum, the authors reviewed their experience with 65 patients operated on between 1956 and 1984. Local invasion without distant metastasis was present in all patients at operation anden bloc resection of all involved organs was performed with intent of cure. Average age at operation was 61 years; 15 (23 percent) were men and 50 (77 percent) were women. Operations included abdominoperineal resection in 37 patients (57 percent), low anterior resection in 20 patients (31 percent), and Hartmann procedure in 8 patients (12 percent). Additionally, 34 of 42 women (81 percent) with intact uteri underwenten bloc hysterectomy, 37 of 48 women (77 percent) with intact ovaries had oophorectomy, and 25 of 50 women (50 percent) had partial vaginal resection. Seventeen of the 65 patients (26 percent) had a cystectomy, and 2 patients had a portion of small intestine resected in continuity with their tumor. Pathologic examination revealed lymph node involvement in 29 patients (45 percent) and histologic confirmation of adjacent organ extension in 37 patients (57 percent). There were no perioperative deaths, the average survival was 5.7 years, and 25 patients (38 percent) were alive after a mean follow-up period of 9.3 years. Overall five-year survival was 52 percent. Forty patients died during the follow-up period, with 26 (65 percent) of the deaths attributable to either recurrent carcinoma (25 patients) or a new primary lesion (1 patient). The cumulative probability of tumor recurrence at five years was 39 percent.
Electrical testing of blind Through-Silicon Via (TSV) for 3D IC integration

In this study, a method to test blind TSVs in 3D IC integration for their electrical performance is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the development of a novel blind-TSV method by electrical testing on the top side of the TSV-wafer before backgrinding. Through leakage current testing, it is possible to determine whether there is short circuit between blind TSVs. Most conventional measurement methods can only be performed after wafer thinning to reveal the TSVs Cu and/or backside processing, which could lead to a higher manufacturing cost of 3D IC integration products if the electrical performances of the manufactured TSV don't meet the specification. Also, by providing analysis flow of high frequency simulation and measurement, we can define the thickness of the isolation layer (Silicon dioxide, SiO 2 ) of blind TSV into specification. Furthermore, the analysis flow can obtain the important high-frequency parameter of silicon material such as silicon conductivity. Finally, the SEM images of cross sections verify the current findings.
Bipolar coronary sinus lead for left atrial and left ventricular recording

T he use of transvenous pacing catheters is not without potential complications and problems. One of these, associated with a high incidence of failure to pace, is inadvertent passage of the catheter through the coronary sinus into a coronary veL1x2 The use of a routine posteroanterior chest x-ray film to diagnose this complication is often unreliable.2 A superior location of the catheter tip between the left atrium and the posterobasal (or lateral) aspect of the left ventricle suggests passage into the great cardiac vein or beyond.3 However, passage into the middle cardiac vein is more difficult to diagnose with a posteroanterior film, although a lateral view will demonstrate the posterior location of the tip.2 Electrocardiographic diagnosis of malposition may be of some help. For instance, the mean QRS vector of paced ventricular beats when the catheter tip is in the great cardiac vein is inferiorly directed and associated with a right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern due to delayed activation of the right ventricle,4 while a middle cardiac vein location is indicated by left axis duration (due to inferior site of stimulation) and a RBBB pattern (due to the posterior location of the electrodes) .2 Despite the fact that great cardiac vein catheterization is a troublesome complication for purposes of pacing, the intentional use of this technique for studies of human cardiac electrophysiology may prove to be quite useful. We are currently evaluating the use of coronary sinus and His bundle electrograms in analyzing the activation process of the human heart.
Methyl Group Dynamics as a Probe of the Protein Dynamical Transition

Hydrated proteins undergo a dynamical transition around 200 K from glasslike to liquidlike motion. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the temperature dependence of the dynamics of ribonuclease A in the hydrated crystal, a model dehydrated powder, and aqueous solution. Changes in the dynamics accompanying the transition throughout the protein have been quantified in terms of the mean-squared fluctuations (MSFs) of methyl hydrogen atoms on the 100 ps time scale. In solution at 300 K the MSFs span a broad distribution, consistent with NMR relaxation measurements. The MSF distribution in the hydrated crystal at 300 K is qualitatively similar to the solution result, except for a slight shift to lower values, and dehydration results in a dramatic shift of the MSFs to lower values. As the temperature is lowered, the whole distribution of methyl group fluctuations in the hydrated crystal shifts to lower values. Most of the methyl groups in the hydrated protein display a nonlinear temperature d...
Structural and spectral properties of the disulfide linkage in proteins and other molecules

All-valence-electron calculations by the EH and CNDO/2 molecular orbital methods have been found to yield satisfactory predictions on the electronic structure of disulfides (RSSR compounds). Electron density maps help explain the origin of the barriers to internal rotation and show an interesting contrast between the EH and deorthogonalized CNDO/2 wave functions. Variation in the calculated strength of the SS bond as a function of dihedral angle correlates well with measured SS stretching frequencies. The semiempirical wave functions not only explain the conformational dependence of the longest wave-length transition of the disulfide chromophore, but also allow a new assignment of the higher bands to be made.
Accessibility of crystallins to HCl gas

Different crystallins (alpha, beta H, beta L and LMW) were isolated from bovine lenses. Lyophilized samples of single components (homoaggregates) and those of mixtures (heteroaggregates) were exposed to HCI vapor in a high vacuum vapor sorption apparatus. Lyophilized 5-microns sections of bovine lens were similarly exposed to HCI vapors. Sorption and desorption isotherms were obtained at two temperatures on all samples. Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy was conducted on solid samples of crystallin with and without irreversibly sorbed HCI gas. From the IR spectra the nature of interaction between HCI and protein were ascertained. From the sorption parameters, mainly from the irreversibly sorbed HCI, the accessibilities of homo and hetero aggregates were calculated. The accessibilities provided information on the preferential interactions among crystallins. One of the main conclusions derived from this and also from previous ammonia sorption studies is that the supramolecular organization in the lens fibers is not governed solely by the thermodynamically preferential interactions of crystallins, but also by other possibly cytoskeletal organizations of crystallins.
Terrorism and democracy: What recent events disclose

This paper is the second in a series of analyses which explore relationships between terrorism and democracy. In this instance, the authors use the Rand‐St Andrews Chronology of International Terrorism for 1994, as well as the US State Department's Patterns of Global Terrorism collection of events for 1995. The authors use these data sets to determine if there is a linkage between the occurrence of terrorist attacks and the type of incumbent political regime in the countries where they are perpetrated. The two classifications of political regimes were drawn from Robert Wesson's 1987 study Democracy: a Worldwide Survey and the Freedom House Publication Freedom in the World for 1984–85 and 1994–95, in order to evaluate the impact of regime change on the incidence of terrorist events. Our principal finding, consistent with earlier work, is that terrorist events are substantially more likely to occur in free and democratic settings than in any of the alternatives. We do discover, though, that change in and of...
Maturation of nonmyelinated fiber bundles in a strain of dwarf (Snell's) mice.

Postnatal maturation of nonmyelinated fiber bundles (Schwann bundles) was studied in the sciatic nerves of Snell's dwarf mice. The homozygous recessive of this strain has been previously shown to be characterized by multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and secondary hypothyroidism. In the normal littermates a reduction occurred between 10 and 14 days in the number of fibers per fascicle, or subdivision, of each Schwann bundle, and by 26 days nearly all of the axons were separately embedded in cytoplasmic furrows of their associated Schwann cells. Only a few large fascicles were seen in normal sciatic nerve specimens at 26 and 50–53 days. In contrast, fiber bundle fascicles in the mutant nerves were still represented, even at 50–53 days, by numerous tightly-packed axons, as seen in the immature nerves at 10–12 days post-partum. On the basis of the dwarf's physiological background, these results suggest an involvement of the endocrine system during later stages of peripheral nerve maturation. The possible mechanisms affected by postnatal endocrine deficiency and thereby leading to delayed segregation of nonmyelinated fibers within Schwann bundles are discussed.
Risks and Benefits of Antiplatelet Therapy in Uremic Patients

Patients with renal insufficiency are at an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite being at a substantial risk for thrombotic events, patients with renal insufficiency also experience a greater number of hemorrhagic complications associated with antiplatelet therapy than individuals with normal renal function. This review focuses on the benefits and risks of antiplatelet therapy in patients with impaired kidney function suffering from an acute coronary syndrome.
Evidence for a domain-general mechanism underlying the suffixation preference in language

The ability to distinguish between an inflectional derivation of a target word, which is a variant of the target, and a completely new word is an important task of language acquisition. In an attempt to explain the ability to solve this problem, it has been proposed that the beginning of the word is its most psychologically salient portion. However, it is not clear whether this phenomenon is specific to language. The three reported experiments address this issue. Experiments 1 and 2 established that suffixation-type preferences occur in language and in domains outside of language and that it is plausible that this same mechanism could account for alternative types of inflectional morphology. Experiment 3 indicated that the suffixation preference is both flexible and transferable across domains. In combination, these experiments suggest that the suffixation preference is driven by a cognitive mechanism that is both domain-general and flexible in nature.
Birch's diagram: Some new observations

Abstract Birch's diagram plotting the hydrodynamic sound velocity versus density for several metals is used in many of his publications and a number of textbooks to demonstrate the chemical changes from the earth's mantle to the core. This diagram is thoroughly discussed in this paper on the basis of theory and the periodic property for the density of elements. Birch's conclusion that “even without information concerning chemical abundances, these relations indicate that the mantle is composed principally of light elements and the core of elements of the iron group” is not convincing in the view of the present study. A more detailed velocity-density plot for all the solid elements having their densities in the range 1.5 – 8 g/cm 3 excludes any elements lighter (of lower atomic weight or number) than vanadium as likely candidates for core values.
Some Results on Small-Deviation Probability Convergence Rates for Sums of Independent Random Variables

Let \(\{X_j, j = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\}\) be a sequence of independent, non-degenerate random variables and write $$S_n = \sum^{n}_{j=1} X_j$$ Under quite a diverse variety of conditions we may obtain $${\rm Pr}(S_n < n^p x)\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}$$ as \(n \rightarrow \infty\) for all \(x, - \infty < x < \infty\), and some real \(\mathcal{P} \geqslant 0\). For example, suppose the \(\{X_j\}\) happen to be distributed identically and belong to the domain fo normal attraction of a symmetric stable law with characteristic exponent \(\alpha, 0 < \alpha \leqslant 2, \alpha \neq 1. \, {\rm If} \, EX_j = 0 \, {\rm whenever} E|X_j| < \infty, \) then $${\rm Pr}(S_n < n^p x) \rightarrow \frac{1}{2}$$ as \(n \rightarrow \infty\) for all \(x, - \infty < x < \infty\), as long as \(0 \leqslant \mathcal{P} < 1/\alpha,\) in view of the central limit theory. It is the purpose of this paper to establish some results on the rate of convergence of \({\rm Pr}(S_n < n^p x) \, {\rm to}\, \frac{1}{2}\) by investigating convergence properties of the series $$\begin{array}{lr}\sum^{\infty}_{n=1} n^{-\beta}|{\rm Pr}(S_n < n^p x) - \frac{1}{2}|, & -\infty < x < \infty, \beta \leqslant 1.\end{array}$$ Problems of this type could usefully be called small-deviation problems (following terminology that appears to have been introduced by Borovkov 2).
Mitotic chromosome structure.

The various models of chromatin fiber folding that have been proposed over the years are considered and evaluated. It is concluded that the radial loop / scaffold model is strongly supported by the available evidence, although the term ‘scaffold’ may be an unfortunate one. The scaffold is not a solid rod running the length of the chromatid but rather appears to be an aggregation of discrete anchoring complexes for the loops of the fiber. Despite support for this model, there is a need for more evidence to resolve the questions that remain.
Deoxygenation of oxovanadium(IV) complexes under mild conditions: Synthesis and structural characterization of cis- dihalobis(diakyldithiocarbamato)vanadium(IV)

Abstract A new procedure for the deoxygenation of VO +2 complexes is described. The synthesis and properties of mononuclear vanadium complexes VCl 2 (S 2 CNR 2 ) 2 [R = Me, Et, and Py/2 (Me = CH 3 , Et = C 2 H 5 , and Py = C 4 H 4 ) (pyrrolidyl)] and VBr 2 (S 2 CNEt 2 ) 2 are reported. The compounds were synthesized in high yield by the general reaction of VO(S 2 CNR 2 ) 2 with the appropriate acetyl halide in methylene chloride. Single crystal X-ray analysis was performed on both VCl 2 (S 2 CN(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ) 2 and VBr 2 (S 2 CN(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ) 2 . The analogous structures consist of a mononuclear unit with distorted C 2 v , symmetry, where the halogen atoms are on the same side of the distorted plane formed by the sulphur atoms. The VCl distances are inequivalent at 2.260(1) and 2.247(1) A, as are the VBr distances at 2.414(1) and 2.401(1) A. Two sets of VS bond lengths are also observed for both complexes. The complexes were examined by IR, and the spectra are similar to the spectra of the vanadyl starting material except for the absence of the VO band at approximately 1000 cm −1 . The ligand CS and CN bands are slightly higher in energy in the dihalide complexes than in the vanadyl counterpart, contrary to the effects expected from replacing the oxygen with the electron withdrawing halogen atoms. This behaviour, however is indicative of distortions out of the d x 2 − y 2 orbital bonding plane causing less π bonding and reducing delocalization of charge among the ligands and the metal centre. This is also seen structurally with the two sets of inequivalent VS and CS bond lengths. The UV-vis spectra show a weak maximum at around 570 nm with e m of approximately 2000 L mol cm −1 , typical of dihalogenated V IV complexes.
Gas-Bubble Disease Due to Oxygen Supersaturation in Raceway-Reared California Brown Shrimp

(1976). Gas-Bubble Disease Due to Oxygen Supersaturation in Raceway-Reared California Brown Shrimp. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 158-159.
The role of companionship, esteem, and informational support in explaining physical activity among young women in an online social network intervention.

The primary objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between social support and physical activity within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) theoretical framework. This study used data from the Internet Support for Healthy Associations Promoting Exercise randomized controlled trial. A total of 134 female undergraduate students participated in the study, which included baseline and post measures of perceived social support for physical activity (esteem, informational, and companionship), TPB variables related to physical activity (perceived behavioral control, intention, and attitude), and physical activity behavior. Path analysis revealed a significant indirect relationship between change in companionship support and physical activity mediated by change in intention (.13, p < .01) and a significant direct relationship between change in esteem support and change in physical activity (.26, p = .03). The model explained 27 % of the variance in physical activity and 59 % of the variance in intention. Overall, change in social support exerted a small to medium amount of influence on change in physical activity in this modified TPB model when controlling for traditional model constructs. Encouraging companionship and esteem support should be considered as a strategy for increasing physical activity in this population.
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on resonant phonon scattering for depopulation.

We report our development of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), in which the depopulation of the lower radiative level is achieved through resonant longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering. This depopulation mechanism, similar to that implemented in all the QCLs operating at mid–infrared frequencies, is robust at high temperatures and high injection levels. The unique feature of resonant LO–phonon scattering in our THz QCL structures allows a highly selective depopulation of the lower radiative level with a sub–picosecond lifetime, while maintaining a relatively long upper level lifetime (more than 5 ps) that is due to upper–to–ground–state scattering. The first QCL based on this mechanism achieved lasing at 3.4 THz ( λ ≈ 87 μm) up to 87 K for pulsed operations, with peak power levels exceeding 10 mW at ca. 40 K. Using a novel double–sided metal waveguide for mode confinement, which yields a unity mode confinement factor and therefore a low total cavity loss at THz frequencies, we have also achieved lasing at wavelengths longer than 100 μm.
Petrology of lavas from the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea Volcano: III. The Kupaianaha episode (1986-1992)

The Puu Oo eruption has been remarkable in the historical record of Kilauea Volcano for its duration (over 13 years), volume (>1 km3) and compositional variation (5.7–10 wt.% MgO). During the summer of 1986, the main vent for lava production moved 3 km down the east rift zone and the eruption style changed from episodic geyser-like fountaining at Puu Oo to virtually continuous, relatively quiescent effusion at the Kupaianaha vent. This paper examines this next chapter in the Puu Oo eruption, episodes 48 and 49, and presents new ICP-MS trace element and Pb-, Sr-, and Nd-isotope data for the entire eruption (1983–1994). Nearly aphyric to weakly olivine-phyric lavas were erupted during episodes 48 and 49. The variation in MgO content of Kupaianaha lavas erupted before 1990 correlates with changes in tilt at the summit of Kilauea, both of which probably were controlled by variations in Kilauea's magma supply rate. These lavas contain euhedral olivines which generally are in equilibrium with whole-rock compositions, although some of the more mafic lavas which erupted during 1990, a period of frequent pauses in the eruption, accumulated 2–4 vol.% olivine. The highest forsterite content of olivines (∼85%) in Kupaianaha lavas indicates that the parental magmas for these lavas had MgO contents of ∼10 wt.%, which equals the highest observed value for lavas during this eruption. The composition of the Puu Oo lavas has progressively changed during the eruption. Since early 1985 (episode 30), when mixing between an evolved rift zone magma and a more mafic summit reservoir-derived magma ended, the normalized (to 10 wt.% MgO) abundances of highly incompatible elements and CaO have systematically decreased with time, whereas ratios of these trace elements and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes, and the abundances of Y and Yb, have remained relatively unchanged. These results indicate that the Hawaiian plume source for Puu Oo magmas must be relatively homogeneous on a scale of 10–20 km3 (assuming 5–10% partial melting), and that localized melting within the plume has apparently progressively depleted its incompatible elements and clinopyroxene component as the eruption continued. The rate of variation of highly incompatible elements in Puu Oo lavas is much greater than that observed for Kilauea historical summit lavas (e.g., Ba/Y 0.09 a–1 vs ∼0.03 a–1). This rapid change indicates that Puu Oo magmas did not mix thoroughly with magma in the summit reservoir. Thus, except for variable amounts of olivine fractionation, the geochemical variation in these lavas is predominantly controlled by mantle processes.
Inhibition of neointima formation by a nonpeptide alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptor antagonist in a rabbit cuff model.

This study was performed to determine whether a highly selective nonpeptide alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist (SH306) would prove effective in inhibiting neointima formation in a rabbit cuff model. The animals were dosed with SH306, 5 mg/kg i.v., followed by 10 mg/kg s. c., 3 times daily for 3 days, or with vehicle (10% DMAC). Rabbits were sacrificed and perfused on days 1, 3, and 21; the vessels were paraffin embedded. A reduction in the intima/media (I/M) of the SH306-treated rabbits, as compared with the vehicle-treated control group, was noted (0.20 vs 0.36 [n = 4]). A significant increase in the area of the media was observed in the SH306-treated group versus the control group (0.20 vs 0.13). No difference was observed in cell proliferation between SH306 and vehicle after 1-day and 3-day dosing. Thrombi were found in 43% of the control vessels and in only 14% of the drug-treated vessels. No anticoagulant was used during the surgical procedure. No increase in inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa was observed in SH306-treated animals, as compared with the vehicle control group. We conclude that selective inhibition of alpha(v)beta(3) reduced neointima formation in a rabbit model at 3 weeks.
Isospin splitting of giant E1 excitations in the N = 82 nucleus 142Nd

Abstract The distribution of E1 strength in N = 82 nuclei has been investigated by proton-capture reactions. For 142Nd, the reaction 141Pr(p, γ0)142Nd reveals the “usual” 1−, T analogue resonances, which interfere in a characteristic manner with the broad T strength is pushed up into the high-lying resonances. For 140Ce, preliminary observations on 139La(p, γ0)140Ce have confirmed the relative weakness of the reaction.
Breast cancer metastasis to bone: evaluation of bioluminescent imaging and microSPECT/CT for detecting bone metastasis in immunodeficient mice.

This study sought to determine if weekly X-ray exposure affected breast cancer cell metastasis to bone and to also evaluate the use of bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and microSPECT for detection of metastatic bone lesions. Five week old nude mice were randomly assigned to the CT exposed (n = 7) and no CT exposure (n = 6) treatment groups. Mice received an intracardiac injection of MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells transduced with luciferase, or a sham injection (saline). The CT exposed group of mice received CT irradiation once a week for 5 weeks. All mice underwent weekly BLI and select mice received Tc-99m-MDP followed by microSPECT imaging after 5 weeks. Pathological evaluation and histomorphometry were used to assess the affect of CT X-rays on bone metastasis and to evaluate BLI. BLI results found no significant difference in metastasis between animals that received CT and those that did not (P > 0.05); however, histomorphometry of the knee joints revealed a significant increase (P = 0.029) in tumor area of the leg bones in mice that received CT exposure (60% ± 7%) compared to animals that did not receive CT scans (33% ± 8%). Compared to histological analysis, BLI of the leg and spine was determined to have excellent sensitivity (100%), good specificity (80–90%) and accuracy (90–96%), a positive predictive value of 81–93% and a 100% negative predictive value. Thus, multi-modality imaging techniques can be very useful for monitoring bone metastasis, however microCT X-rays should be used judiciously in order to limit irradiation that may stimulate increased metastasis to specific regions of the skeleton. MicroSPECT imaging did not detect metastatic lesions in the legs of these young nude mice.
Phosphide from metorites: barringerite, a new iron-nickel mineral.

Schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)3P, and a higher phosphide, barringerite, occur in the Ollague pallasite. The composition of the higher phosphide, determined by electron probe microanalysis, is (Fe0.58Ni0.42Co0.003)1.95P. It is hexagonal, with space group P62m and a = 5.87 ± 0.07 angstroms and c = 3.44 ± 0.04 angstroms. If we assume a primary origin, the new mineral indicates that troilite and schreibersite crystallized at high temperatures. The occurrence of a higher phosphide in a pallasite indicates local nonequilibria within a group of meteorites that are remarkable for their overall degree of equilibrium crystallization.
Cantharidin blister studies.

Abstract 1.1. The differential eosinophile count of cantharidin blister fluid showed variations in groups of various diseases. Such variations were independent of the number of eosinophiles in the peripheral blood. 2.2. Injection of histamine and filtered fluid from blisters rich in eosinophiles into developed blisters of normal individuals and of ragweed extract into developed blisters of ragweed-sensitive patients failed to alter the differential blister counts within three hours after injection. Injection of histamine into blisters of normal and allergic persons and of ragweed extract into blisters of ragweed-sensitive patients caused edema and erythema of the skin surrounding the blister site. 3.3. Passive transfer of nasal filtrate and of serum of ragweed-sensitive patients into the skin of nonallergic individuals did not, as a rule, induce eosinophilia in blisters raised at the site of injection, although the latter caused an increase in the percentage of eosinophiles in a few isolated instances. In allergic patients under treatment, the differential eosinophile count of blisters raised at the site of previous injection of the specific antigen showed marked variations. In some cases, it was significantly higher than the eosinophile count of blisters raised at control sites in the same individual. Other patients of equal clinical sensitivity, however, failed to show significant changes. 4.4. The theoretic implications of these discrepancies are discussed.
A paleomagnetic study of secular variation in New Zealand

Abstract Ancient secular variation in New Zealand was determined from paleomagnetic measurements on 22 volcanic formations with ages of less than 0.68 m.y. The angular standard deviation from the field of an axial dipole is 13.2° with 95% confidence limits between 10.9° and 16.7°. The angular standard deviation of the corresponding virtual geomagnetic poles is 19.6° with confidence limits between 16.2° and 24.7°. These values are larger than those predicted by most models for secular variation. No difference was detected between the angular secular variation in New Zealand and that at the same latitude in North America.
Hypoglycorrhachia in meningeal carcinomatosis

A case of malignant melanoma with diffuse meningeal carcinomatosis and hypoglycorrhachia is presented. The combination of low spinal fluid glucose and bizarre or unexplained neurologic signs should bring to mind meningeal carcinomatosis. In the presence of known malignant disease and fever hypoglycorrhachia should stimulate a diligent search of the spinal fluid for recognizable malignant cells. The proposed mechanism for development of hypoglycorrhachia in malignant disease is either accelerated anaerobic glycolysis by malignant cells or mechanical blockade of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier or a combination of both factors. The advent of techniques for meningeal perfusion with cancer chemotherapeutic agents further emphasizes the importance of pursuing the diagnosis of neoplastic meningeal implants.
Isolation of a novel lipid hapten, cytolipin S, from rat spleen.

Abstract Antisera against rat erythrocytes contain agglutinins directed against unknown lipid determinants. Complement-fixation shows more reactivity with lipid extracts of rat spleen than of other rat tissues. The isolation of the reactive lipid from rat spleen, cytolipin S, is described. Cytolipin S is a glycosphingolipid containing glucose, galactose, and galactosamine with molar ratios of 1 : 2 : 1. It migrates on TLC like asialo GM1 (more slowly than cytolipin R, a ceramide tetrasaccharide, or cytolipin F, a ceramide pentasaccharide). Asialo GM1 and cytolipin S, when properly combined with auxilliary lipids, react very similarly with anti-rat erythrocyte sera by complement-fixation. However, cytolipin S is much more effective than asialo GM1 in inhibiting the hemagglutination reactions. It is concluded that cytolipin S and asialo GM1 are ceramide tetrasaccharides having different chemical structures and that the structural differences probably will be found in the carbohydrate linkages other than that between the terminal and penultimate residues.
Equilibria in data injection attacks

Data injection attacks are studied in a game theoretic setting. Assuming that the network operator acquires the state variables via generalized least squares (GLS) estimation, different attack performance metrics are proposed. The scenarios defined by the performance metrics are then analyzed. In particular, closed form expressions for best response functions and Nash equilibria (NEs) are given. First the case in which the attack vector can be constructed without energy constraints is studied. It is shown that for unconstrained attacks infinitely many optimal attack vectors exist and that the construction requires knowledge of the state variables in the grid. Alternatively, when energy constraints are included, the attack vector construction does not depend on the state variables. As a consequence, the optimal energy constrained attack strategy follows a correlated multivariate Gaussian distribution. It is shown that for unconstrained attacks infinitely many NEs exist and that in the constrained case at least one NE exists.
An Ethic of Caring: The Fuel for High Teacher Efficacy

In this article I discuss ways of increasing teacher efficacy identified as a key belief system in the enhancement of teacher effectiveness. Teacher efficacy is defined and its impact on teacher effectiveness explored. The need to increase teacher efficacy to enhance the design, implementation and outcomes of instruction is discussed with special focus on caring and its potential as a catalyst for expanding teachers’ perception of their power to make a difference in the lives and performance of their students.
Assessment of Internal Thoracic Artery Vasoreactivity in Response to Sublingual Nitroglycerin

Abstract Background . We have previously shown the feasibility of assessing internal thoracic artery (ITA) size and blood flow hemodynamics before and after coronary artery bypass grafting using color-flow duplex ultrasound. This noninvasive method would be an ideal diagnostic tool for the evaluation of ITA graft status after therapeutic interventions in a patient with angina after coronary artery bypass grafting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nitroglycerin on the diameter and blood flow velocities of the left native ITA before coronary artery bypass grafting and the ITA graft postoperatively. Methods . The study consisted of 24 male patients (mean age, 59 ± 2.3 years) who had undergone elective coronary artery bypass grafting using a left ITA graft to the left anterior descending artery, with additional saphenous vein grafts. Color-flow duplex ultrasound (5.0-MHz transducer) was used for both the preoperative imaging of native ITAs and the postoperative study of ITA grafts before patient discharge. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare measurements of the ITA size and flow velocities (peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity) at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after a single dose of sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) with the baseline values obtained without nitroglycerin. Results . The preoperative native left ITA and the postoperative left ITA graft diameters responded to sublingual nitroglycerin by showing a rapid and significant increase beginning at 5 minutes and lasting up to 15 minutes ( p = 0.0001). Sublingual nitroglycerin caused the peak systolic velocity of the native left ITA to be augmented at 5 minutes ( p = 0.0002), and this effect was still apparent at 10 minutes ( p = 0.0001) and 15 minutes ( p = 0.0192). However, postoperative left ITA graft peak systolic velocities remained unaffected by the sublingual nitroglycerin ( p = not significant). Conclusions . We conclude that instantaneous noninvasive measurement of ITA graft size and blood flow velocities after a therapeutic drug intervention may be clinically useful, particularly in a post–coronary artery bypass grafting patient with recurrent angina. (Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:1041–3)
P-186 - Mania-induced foreign accent syndrome: a case study

Introduction Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a rare condition involving speech output that usually occurs subsequent to cerebrovascular injury. Articulatory distortions of the native language are perceived as foreign/dialectical by others of the region. Objectives This report considers a case of FAS during two distinct periods of mania without evidence of cerebrovascular injury. The case provides a detailed explanation of the patient's history, course, speech and neuropsychological testing patterns. Aims To describe in the literature the first case of mania-induced FAS. Methods This case study was detailed retrospectively, providing a thorough psychiatric and medical history, formal neuropsychological testing, and speech analysis of baseline and exacerbation periods via voice recordings. Results The patient displayed two distinct episodes of FAS only present during mania. Due to signs of limited effort, as well as potential effects of anxiety on performance, neuropsychological testing reflected inconsistent findings irreconcilable with any particular diagnostic pattern. Speech samples from both exacerbation and recovery periods parsed for comparison showed excess-equal stress, and consonant-vowel distortions when symptomatic. Elevated fundamental frequency, higher intensity, decreased speech intelligibility, and faster rate of speech were produced during exacerbation. No significant medical abnormalities were revealed by laboratory, CT scan or physical exam results. Conclusions As the patient had no history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, negative medical workup, negative brain imaging, and neuropsychological testing failing to demonstrate an etiology for the FAS exacerbation, we conclude the patient's FAS was a result of mania. Speech analysis also supported this theory.
Fractionation of Calf Thymus Dna by Deae Cellulose Column Chromatography

Abstract Commercially available calf thymus DNA could be fractionated into different populations by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, presumably due to the tertiary folding of the solid fibrous form of DNA which opened up gradually in solution. Depending on the duration in solution or the concentration of the solution, various peaks could be obtained by eluting the DEAE column with 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 0,01, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 1.0 M NaCl in the same buffer. The DNA fraction in each peak gave very narrow bands on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, probably reflecting the folding and thus shielding of charges rather than molecular weight. The present fractionation procedure might be useful in characterizing the complicated network structure of calf thymus DNA and in studying the unfolding of DNA tertiary structure.
A Synopsis of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Practice Parameter on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evaluation of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children

1. Kenneth B. Roberts, MD* 1. 2. *Moses Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, NC. This article provides a summary of the practice parameter on urinary tract infection. The reader is urged to refer to the original document for a more thorough presentation.(1)1 When the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) decided to undertake the creation of practice parameters in 1989, the chairs of the various chapters around the United States were asked to nominate conditions for which guidance would be useful. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was selected as one of the first subjects for practice parameter development, along with hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn, asthma in young children, gastroenteritis, febrile seizures, and closed head trauma. The specific selections were based on: 1) variation in diagnosis or management, 2) morbidity, 3) frequency, and 4) cost. Variation in the evaluation and management of children who have UTIs was documented more than two decades ago. For example, pediatricians learned to evaluate boys who had their first documented UTI, but many hesitated to evaluate girls in the same situation and would wait until the second UTI. To meet the morbidity criterion, febrile infants who had UTI were selected as the target group, specifically those 2 months to 2 years of age. Infants younger than 2 months of age are likely to be at an even higher risk for renal damage, but they are considered a special group and are receiving the attention of another subcommittee of the Committee on Quality Care. The considerable amount of data generated about febrile infants ages 2 months to 2 years focused initially on occult bacteremia, but concern subsequently expanded to include what has been termed “serious bacterial infections,” including UTI. It is clear that UTI is the most common of these serious bacterial infections. Moreover, morbidity is not limited to the acute period of illness. UTI also may result in renal scarring, …
Mathematical descriptions of Rhyacionia frustrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) cumulative catches in pheromone traps, cumulative eggs hatching, and their use in timing of chemical control.

We developed a technique for predicting optimum times for chemical control of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), on 1- to 7-year-old pines in the southern United States. We performed regressions of the percentage of cumulative catch in pheromone traps against degree-days, and percentage cumulative eggs hatching against degree-days. Information from these analyses was used to develop a technique by which one can predict optimum timings for spraying each tip moth generation. The beginning of each generation is defined as the date on which the first moths are caught in pheromone traps. Degree-days are accumulated from this date until the appropriate sum is reached indicating the optimum date for insecticide application.