cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethical Behavioral Intention in an Academic Setting: Models and Predictors

This study examines the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the multidimensional ethics scale (MES). Variables from both are included to determine which ones significantly correlate with student ethical behavioral intention in an academic setting. Using a survey, responses are collected from undergraduate business students from two southwestern universities in the United States using a scenario-based approach, looking at individual situations and group situations. SmartPLS was used to assess the results for four scenarios. From the theory of planned behavior, attitude was a significant predictor of behavioral intention across all four scenarios while subjective norm was significant in one scenario. From the multidimensional ethics scale, moral equity and relativism were significant in one group scenario while moral equity and utilitarianism were each significant in an individual scenario. The findings indicate support for the use of the TPB and the MES when exploring ethics in an academic setting and for the need to study both individual and group situations. A discussion of the findings and implications is given.
Studying Evolution of Multiple Myeloma with CanEvolve

Abstract 2886 Multiple Myeloma (MM) evolves from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), its pre-malignant stage at the rate of 1% per year. Moreover all MM patients eventually develop drug resistance. Currently, very little is known about this process of MM evolution, specifically about the changes in regulatory networks and signaling pathways responsible for it. One major difficulty in studying this is the lack of suitable functional genomics profiles covering all the stages of MM evolution from the same patients. We have now modeled this process using the knowledge stored in the canEvolve portal for cancer integrative genomics and evolution (available at http://www.canevolve.org). The current version of the portal stores gene and miRNA expression and copy number alterations information derived from microarray and next generation sequencing platforms for more than 10 cancer types. It also stores hundreds of thousands of instances of protein-protein interactions, and metabolic and signaling pathway information for the Human proteome. The primary analysis capabilities include identification of differential gene expression, survival analysis and reconstructed gene regulatory networks and their visualization. Finally, canEvolve stores integrative analysis carried out using Gene set enrichment (GSEA) and GemiNI. We carried out meta analysis of gene expression profiles of MGUS, smoldering Myeloma, MM and relapsed patients publicly available from multiple Gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. We carried out geneset enrichment analysis of normal-MGUS, normal-MM, normal-relapsed, MGUS-SMM, MGUS-MM and MM-relapsed pairs with different gene sets available from MSigDB. We identified transcription factors, miRNA, metabolic and signaling pathways whose targets/members significantly change expression. For example, targets of mir-17 and NF-Kappa B significantly change as MGUS turns to MM. Similarly, targets of miR-484 and CREL significantly changes as MM patients relapse. The CanEvolve portal thus provides us the ability to serially monitor and analyze various genomic datasets to provide targets that may play a crucial role in myelomagenesis as well as propgression of the disease. We are now validating some of the identified targets. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The molecular mechanism of the inherited phosphofructokinase deficiency associated with hemolysis and myopathy

Normal human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (ATP:c D-fructose-6, P-1- phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11; PFK) has recently been shown to consist of a heterogeneous mixture of five tetrameric isozymes: M4, M3L, M2L2, ML3, and L4 (M, muscle type; L, liver type). In the light of these findings, we have investigated the molecular basis of the inherited erythrocyte PFK deficiency associated with myopathy and hemolysis (Tarui disease). The propositus, a 31-yr-old male, suffered from muscle weakness and myoglobinuria on exertion. He showed mild erythrocytosis despite laboratory evidence of hemolysis. In his erythrocytes a metabolic crossover point was found at the level of PFK; 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was also significantly reduced. The PFK from the patient9s erythrocytes consisted exclusively of the L4 isozyme, and there was a complete absence of the other four. The leukocyte and platelet PFKs from the patient showed normal activities, chromatographic profiles, and precipitation with anti-M4 antibody. These studies provide direct evidence that in Tarui disease the M-type subunits are absent; but the liver- and platelet-type subunits of PFK are unaffected. The paradox of mild erythrocytosis despite hemolysis reflects the decreased production of 2,3-DPG.
Prospects for Health Care Reform in the U.S. Senate

The fate of the Affordable Care Act and the House’s American Health Care Act now rests in the Senate, where prospects are uncertain. Like their House counterparts, Senate Republican leaders are working hard to devise a bill negotiated only among the GOP members.
THE LANGUAGE OF STIGMATIZATION AND THE MARK OF VIOLENCE: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF CRIMINAL RECORD STIGMA

After years of stagnation, labeling theory has recently gained new empirical support. Simultaneously, new policy initiatives have attempted to restructure criminal record stigma to reduce reintegration barriers, and subsequent recidivism, driven by labeling. For example, in a recent Department of Justice (DOJ) language policy, person-first terms (e.g., “person with a conviction”) were substituted for crime-first terms (e.g., “offender”). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has also issued guidelines to structure how decision-makers use criminal records. Unfortunately, little is currently known about the social construction and use of criminal record stigma or the potential effects of such policy changes. In the current study, we provide two unique empirical tests. In study 1, we examine the social construction of stigma by testing DOJ's language policy with experimental data from a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 996). In study 2, we use a separate nationwide experiment (N = 1,540) to examine how the contextualization of criminal records influences social exclusion decisions. Across both studies, we find consistent evidence of a “mark of violence.” The public perceives that individuals with violent convictions are the most likely to commit future crimes, and it is more supportive of excluding these individuals from employment. Crime-first terms exacerbate perceived recidivism risk for individuals with violent convictions.
HDL Cholesterol Metabolism and the Risk of CHD: New Insights from Human Genetics

Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood (HDL-C) represent one of the strongest epidemiological surrogates for protection against coronary heart disease (CHD), but recent human genetic and pharmacological intervention studies have raised controversy about the causality of this relationship. Here, we review recent discoveries from human genome studies using new analytic tools as well as relevant animal studies that have both addressed, and in some cases, fueled this controversy. Methodologic developments in genotyping and sequencing, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), exome sequencing, and exome array genotyping, have been applied to the study of HDL-C and risk of CHD in large, multi-ethnic populations. Some of these efforts focused on population-wide variation in common variants have uncovered new polymorphisms at novel loci associated with HDL-C and, in some cases, CHD risk. Other efforts have discovered loss-of-function variants for the first time in genes previously implicated in HDL metabolism through common variant studies or animal models. These studies have allowed the genetic relationship between these pathways, HDL-C and CHD to be explored in humans for the first time through analysis tools such as Mendelian randomization. We explore these discoveries for selected key HDL-C genes CETP, LCAT, LIPG, SCARB1, and novel loci implicated from GWAS including GALNT2, KLF14, and TTC39B. Recent human genetics findings have identified new nodes regulating HDL metabolism while reshaping our current understanding of known candidate genes to HDL and CHD risk through the study of critical variants across model systems. Despite their effect on HDL-C, variants in many of the reviewed genes were found to lack any association with CHD. These data collectively indicate that HDL-C concentration, which represents a static picture of a very dynamic and heterogeneous metabolic milieu, is unlikely to be itself causally protective against CHD. In this context, human genetics represent an extremely valuable tool to further explore the biological mechanisms regulating HDL metabolism and investigate what role, if any, HDL plays in the pathogenesis of CHD.
Who should teach? A Chinese teacher candidate’s understandings of a good teacher and racialised experiences

ABSTRACTBeing a good teacher depends on many cultural and linguistic assumptions. Dominant definitions of a good teacher are often based on these implicit assumptions. Probing notions of a good teacher, we examine the endeavors of a Chinese international pre-service teacher, Ling, to become a “good teacher” through her encounters with micro-aggression in the context of her coursework and fieldwork at a U.S. university. The data presented here were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes from 2014 to 2015 as part of a larger ethnographic case study. We find that the process of becoming a good teacher depends on many cultural and linguistic assumptions that are linked to micro-aggression. We conclude by reflecting on Ling’s understanding of a good teacher in light of dominant views on the matter and her ambivalence to speak up, and make recommendations for further research to allow for alternative views of good teachers to coexist.
Feeder flow control method with improved power sharing performance in microgrids

Feeder flow control (FFC) can be employed in microgrids to mitigate the power flow volatility experienced by the grid feeder connected to distributed energy resources (DERs) and loads that comprise the microgrid. FFC algorithm presented in earlier work based on power-vs-frequency droop concepts exhibits some shortcomings during islanded operation, resulting in degraded power sharing among multiple distributed generators connected to the microgrid. A modified FFC algorithm is presented that overcomes this limitation, significantly improving the power sharing among multiple microsources connected to the microgrid feeder. An extension of this modified FFC algorithm to a distributed power flow architecture with multiple FFC units that share the required regulation power is also described. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the key performance improvements that are achieved using the modified feeder flow control algorithm.
Female Doctor Referred to as a Nurse

This chapter contains a scenario in which a female physician is misidentified by the patient as a nurse. Pearls for communication and pitfalls to avoid are addressed.
Reading Incoherence: How Shakespeare Speaks Back to Cognitive Science

Helms argues that Shakespeare’s plays enable a balance of inference and imagination that lets readers contemplate states of mind outside the neurotypical realm of experience, such as early modern madness. Contemporary cognitive science has shown difficulty conceptualizing non-normative modes of thought, particularly those the field classifies as “empathy deficit disorders,” such as autism, psychopathy, and sociopathy. While theories of mindreading can break down in the face of such modes of thought, Shakespeare deliberately pursues such difficult cases of mindreading. Fletcher and Shakespeare’s The Two Noble Kinsmen depicts the mad as opaque to society, inaccessible to inference or imagination alone. Incoherence operates similarly in King Lear, a play where Shakespeare omits explicit motivations for his characters’ actions, crafting easily misread minds that catalyze his play’s conflicts and moral dilemmas.
National analysis of risk factors for nasal fractures and associated injuries in trauma

Nasal fractures account for up to 58% of facial fractures. However, the literature characterizing associated injuries and risk factors for nasal fractures is sparse and is mostly composed of single-center experiences. This study sought to provide a large descriptive analysis and identify associated injuries and risk factors for nasal fractures in trauma using a national database. A retrospective analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2007 to 2015 was performed. Patients ≥18 years of age with nasal fractures were included. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors for nasal fracture in trauma. Of 5,494,609 trauma patients in the NTDB, 255,533 (4.6%) had a nasal fracture. Most were male (74.8%) with a mean age of 45.6 years. Blunt trauma accounted for 90.5% of fractures, with motor vehicle accident being the most common mechanism (27.5%). Closed fractures occurred in 93.0% of patients. Concomitant injuries included traumatic brain injury (TBI; 56.9%), malar/maxillary fracture (27.9%), and open wound of the face (38.6%) and nose (9.5%). Of all patients, 10.1% underwent closed or open reductions at index hospitalization. The strongest associated injuries with nasal fracture included open wound of the nose (odds ratio [OR]: 8.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.49–8.94, p
Production of Non-Toxic Biosurfactant – Surfactin – Through Microbial Fermentation of Biomass Hydrolysates for Industrial and Environmental Applications

Abstract The economically viable large-scale production of the pure isoforms of the surfactin biosurfactants, involving bacterial – Bacillus subtilis – fermentation of biomass hydrolysate feedstock...
Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Functionalized cis- and trans-Siladecalins

We report the synthesis of both diastereomers of an all-silicon analog of decalin. Carbocyclic decalin is a ubiquitous bicyclic structural motif. The siladecalin synthesis provides materials functionalized with either Si–Ph or Si–H groups, versatile entry points for further chemical diversification. The synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes is significantly less precedented than the synthesis of asymmetric carbon centers, and strategies for control of relative stereochemistry in oligosilanes are hardly described. This study offers insights of potential generality, such as the epimerization of the cis-isomer to the thermodynamically downhill trans-isomer via a hypothesized pentavalent intermediate. Decalin is a classic example in the conformational analysis of organic ring systems, and the carbocyclic diastereomers have highly divergent conformational profiles. Like the carbocycle, we observe different conformational properties in cis- and trans-siladecalins with consequences for NMR spectroscopy, optic...
Enhanced Neural Reactivity to Threatening Faces in Anxious Youth: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by enhanced reactivity to threat, and event-related potentials (ERPs) are useful neural measures of the dynamics of threat processing. In particular, the late positive potential (LPP) is an ERP component that reflects sustained attention towards motivationally salient information. Previous studies in adults suggest that the LPP is enhanced to threatening stimuli in anxiety but blunted in depression; however, very little work has evaluated the LPP to threat in anxious youth. We measured the LPP during an emotional face-matching task in youth (age 7–19) with current anxiety disorders (n = 53) and healthy controls with no history of psychopathology (n = 37). We evaluated group differences, as well as the effect of depressive symptoms on the LPP. Youth with anxiety disorders exhibited enhanced LPPs to angry and fearful faces 1000–2000 ms after stimulus onset. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with reduced LPPs to angry faces across both groups. Enhanced LPPs to threatening faces were most apparent for social anxiety disorder, as opposed to generalized anxiety disorder or separation anxiety disorder. Results suggest the LPP may be a useful neural measure of threat reactivity in youth with anxiety disorders and highlight the importance of accounting for symptoms of both depression and anxiety when examining emotional processing.
Odontoblast processes of the mouse incisor are plates oriented in the direction of growth.

Odontoblast processes are thin cytoplasmic projections that extend from the cell body at the periphery of the pulp toward the dentin-enamel junction. The odontoblast processes function in the secretion, assembly and mineralization of dentin during development, participate in mechanosensation, and aid in dentin repair in mature teeth. Because they are small and densely arranged, their three-dimensional organization is not well documented. To gain further insight into how odontoblast processes contribute to odontogenesis, we used serial section electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions to examine these processes in the predentin region of mouse molars and incisors. In molars, the odontoblast processes are tubular with a diameter of ~1.8 μm. The odontoblast processes near the incisor tip are similarly shaped, but those midway between the tip and apex are shaped like plates. The plates are radially aligned and longitudinally oriented with respect to the growth axis of the incisor. The thickness of the plates is approximately the same as the diameter of molar odontoblast processes. The plates have an irregular edge; the average ratio of width (midway in the predentin) to thickness is 2.3 on the labial side and 3.6 on the lingual side. The plate geometry seems likely to be related to the continuous growth of the incisor and may provide a clue as to the mechanisms by which the odontoblast processes are involved in tooth development.
Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility

This paper focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission...
The relation between adhesion properties and network properties of hydrogels: A study based on an indentation adhesion method

Abstract Hydrogel adhesion plays a significant role in many applications. A systematic study of the surface interaction between hydrogels and other surfaces is of critical importance. In this study, we carry out indentation adhesion tests on polyacrylamide hydrogels of a wide range of compositions, across a wide range of contact sizes, and over a wide range of contact times. Based on a new contact model that we recently developed for hydrogels that can describe the length-dependent adhesion, we extract the adhesion properties including adhesion energy, cohesive strength and separation distance from the indentation measurements. It is found that hydrogel adhesion exhibits significant hysteresis. The possible mechanism that contributes to the time-dependent adhesion of hydrogels is discussed. It is also found that it is the cohesive strength that has a more direct correlation with the network features, rather than the conventionally discussed adhesion energy. Specifically, the cohesive strength is linearly proportional to the surface chain density for all the hydrogel compositions tested in this study. Moreover, by comparing the estimated network chain length with the separation distance obtained from the indentation measurements, it is concluded that dangling chains on the hydrogel surface are significantly longer than the length of the chains in the network and the longer chains play a more significant role in contributing to the adhesion of hydrogels.
A case study of strategic human resource management: implementation levels and communication

The communication of information relevant to strategic human resource management (SHRM) has the potential to support SHRM implementation and should be reflected in the activity of an organisation's inter- and intra-organisational communication networks as forms of organisational information processing. This multiple case study examined SHRM implementation levels in a sample of oil and gas companies with the aim of examining the extent to which communication flows reflect the level of SHRM implementation. The case studies showed similarly low levels of SHRM-related communication and SHRM implementation, suggesting the need for further research to explore this relationship. The authors propose that SHRM-related communication could be an additional factor in assessing SHRM implementation levels and that organisational design must be considered in understanding low levels of SHRM-related communication.
Addressing the Sophomore Slump: First-Generation College Students’ Completion of Year Two of Study in a Rural Bachelor’s Degree Granting College:

There is limited research on the experiences of first-generation students who have completed their second year and enrolled for a third year in order to continue their studies even though this popu...
The Compendium of U.S. jails: creating and conducting research with the first comprehensive contact database of U.S. jails

Millions of people pass through U.S. jails annually. Conducting research about these public institutions is critical to understanding on-the-ground policies and practices, especially health care services, affecting millions of people. However, there is no existing database of the number, location, or contact information of jails. We created the National Jails Compendium to address this gap. In this paper, we detail our comprehensive methodology for identifying jail locations and contact information. We then describe the first research project to use the Compendium, a survey assessing jails’ treatment practices for incarcerated pregnant people with opioid use disorder. This study sent surveys electronically or in paper form to all 2986 jails in the Compendium, with 1139 surveys returned. We outline the process for using the Compendium, highlighting challenges in reaching contacts through case examples, cataloging responses and non-responses, and defining what counts as a jail. We aim to provide tools for future researchers to use the Compendium as well as a pathway for keeping it current. The Compendium provides transparency that aids in understanding jail policies and practices. Such information may help devise interventions to ensure humane, evidence-based treatment of incarcerated people.
The Electoral Buzz: Rational Prospective Voting and the Politics of the Zika Epidemic in Brazil

This article reevaluates often-made assumptions of retrospective voting and voter irrationality in studies of voting behavior in political contexts colored by haphazard, apolitical events. To do so, it leverages the quasi-random 2015–2016 Zika epidemic in Brazil and the accompanying priming of “women’s issues” relating to infant health to empirically assess whether exposure to the virus increased political support for female candidates in the 2016 Brazilian local elections. Results of difference-in-difference analyses suggest that high incidences of the virus in the months immediately preceding the election increased female candidates’ vote shares. Conflicting with theories of irrational retrospective voting, the results are consistent with an understudied theory of rational prospective voting. Robustness and falsification tests and dubious support for alternative explanations lend additional support to the argument. The research contributes to an elucidation of both the complex calculations underlying voting behavior and the conditions favorable to female candidates’ electoral prospects. Resumo Esse artigo reavalia o tema do voto retrospetivo e do voto considerado irracional, ou seja, aquele em que eleitores punem incumbentes por eventos que estao fora do seu alcance. Para tanto, analisamos a epidemia do Zika virus no Brasil entre 2015 e 2016, cuja proliferacao e concentracao geografica pode ser considerada aleatoria e cujo efeitos danosos estao relacionados a saude do feto de gestantes, e testamos se lugares com maior prevalencia do virus deram maior suporte eleitoral para mulheres que se candidataram ao cargo de prefeita nas eleicoes municipais de 2016. Usando o metodo econometrico de diferenca em diferencas, achamos o resultado de que o voto para candidatas aumentou relativamente mais entre 2012 e 2016 em areas mais afetadas pelo virus. Esse resultado e consistente com o fato de que prefeitas provem resultados mais bem sucedidos na area de gestacao do que prefeitos. Nosso artigo, portanto, mostra evidencia contraria ao voto retrospetivo e irracional e se alia mais a hipotese de que eleitores votam de maneira prospectiva e em funcao de expectativas racionais de desempenho futuro. Nossos testes de robustez e consideracoes de hipoteses alternativas reinforcam essa ultima hipotese. Encerramos o nosso artigo com uma discussao de como nossos resultados podem ajudar pesquisadores no entendimento de comportamento eleitoral e das condicoes mais favoraveis ao sucesso eleitoral de mulheres que optam por carreiras politicas.
Somatic Alterations and Targeted Therapy

Personalized medicine can be defined as studying an individual’s distinctive characteristics such as genetic variation, gender, age, family and social history, and environmental exposures in order to tailor a medical treatment regimen to that individual that will provide the most effective care. Genetic variation may be either of an inherited or sporadic nature. For example, inherited single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single base pair variations within human genomic DNA that are present in ≥1% of the population. Such variations may affect how a person responds to a drug (pharmacogenetics), how they react to an environmental exposure, whether they are at a greater or lesser risk for a disease, or they may have no effect at all.
Isoflurane causes concentration-dependent inhibition of medullary raphé 5-HT neurons in situ.

Abstract Background Anesthetics have a profound influence on a myriad of autonomic processes. Mechanisms of general anesthesia, and how these mechanisms give rise to the multifaceted state of anesthesia, are largely unknown. The ascending and descending serotonin (5-HT) networks are key modulators of autonomic pathways, and are critically involved in homeostatic reflexes across the motor, somatosensory, limbic and autonomic systems. These 5-HT networks are thought to contribute to anesthetic effects, but how anesthetics affect 5-HT neuron function remains a pertinent question. We hypothesized that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibits action potential discharge of medullary raphe 5-HT neurons. Methods We conducted extracellular recordings on individual neurons in the medullary raphe region of the unanesthetized in situ perfused brainstem preparation to determine how exposure to isoflurane affects 5-HT neurons. We examined changes in 5-HT neuron baseline firing in response to treatment with either 1, 1.5, or 2% isoflurane. We measured isoflurane concentrations by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Results Exposure to isoflurane inhibited action potential discharge in raphe 5-HT neurons. We document a concentration-dependent inhibition over a range of concentrations approximating isoflurane MAC (minimum alveolar concentration required for surgical anesthesia). Delivered concentrations of isoflurane were confirmed using GC–MS analysis. Conclusions These findings illustrate that halogenated anesthetics greatly affect 5-HT neuron firing and suggest 5-HT neuron contributions to mechanisms of general anesthesia.
An Assessment of the Suitability of FPGA-Based Systems for Use in Digital Signal Processing

FPGAs have been proposed as high-performance alternatives to DSP processors. This paper quantitatively compares FPGA performance against DSP processors and ASICs using actual applications and existing CAD tools and devices. Performance measures were based on actual multiplier performance with FPGAs, DSP processors and ASICs. This study demonstrates that FPGAs can provide an order of magnitude better performance than DSP processors and can in many cases approach or exceed ASIC levels of performance.
Some physiological characteristics of the esophagogastric junction in the opossum.

Abstract Bilateral cervical vagotomy did not change closure tension or abolish relaxation with swallowing in the lower esophageal sphincter of the opossum, studied by manometry in vivo. Field electrical stimulation of serial transverse muscle strips, 2 mm wide, cut from a zone spanning the opossum esophagogastric junction, distinguished three regions. Muscle distal to the junction contracted during the stimulus. Muscle at the junction relaxed during the stimulus. Muscle proximal to the junction contracted after the stimulus. Transitional responses occurred. All responses were sensitive to tetrodotoxin. Muscle from the junction showed a steeper length-tension curve than muscle from adjacent regions. A steep length-tension curve was correlated in space with stimulus-induced relaxation. Basal tension during stretch to 150% of resting length was not sensitive to tetrodotoxin. A fraction of sphincter closure tension and relaxation with swallows are independent of central vagal connections. Muscle of the esophagogastric junction differs from that of adjacent regions in showing a steeper length-tension curve and nerve-mediated stimulus relaxation. These characteristics seem to define the sphincter. The sphincter in the opossum is less than 1 cm long.
Eye and frontal pain in posterior lesions--a reappraisal.

Ramollissement ou hemorragie du lobe occipital ou du cervelet. L'innervation de la tente du cervelet, de la dure-mere occipitale et de la faux du cerveau explique qu'il s'agit d'une douleur rapportee
The participation of α-actinin in the capping of cell membrane components

Abstract By means of double fluorescence staining experiments, intracellular α-actinin was found to accumulate under caps and patches induced in several cells by a variety of ligands. This phenomenon was demonstrated in lymphocytes and lymphoma cells treated with anti-H-2 sera; spleen lymphocytes treated with concanavalin A or anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, and VSV-infected mouse fibroblast line MC57 treated with antiserum against viral antigens. It occurred during both rapid and slow capping processes, and could be obtained by either direct or indirect ligand-induced redistribution. These observations were carried out on whole cells. For other cytoskeletal proteins such as filamin, tropomyosin and myosin, a similar accumulation under caps was not readily apparent using whole cell mounts, although earlier experiments with frozen-sectioned cells had shown such an enrichment of myosin (as well as actin). The enrichment of α-actinin under the clustered surface molecules was already apparent in early stages (patching) of the capping process, with or without 10 mM sodium azide present. Prolonged incubation of the cells with the different ligands resulted in endocytosis of the ligand-receptor complex. α-Actinin was not associated with the internalized complex, however, suggesting that it may dissociate from the patched or capped surface structures at some stage during endocytosis.
Immunoglobulin origin of localized nodular pulmonary amyloidosis.

The major protein of an amyloid fibril concentrate from a patient with localized nodular pulmonary amyloidosis has been purified by sequential gel filtration on Sepharose 4 B and Sephadex G-100 columns using 5 M guanidine-HCl in 1 N acetic acid. The molecular weight of 15250, unreactive amino-terminal amino acid, peptide map pattern, and immunochemical cross-reactivity with some, but not all, lambda Bence Jones proteins identifies this amyloid fibril protein as being derived primarily from the aminoterminal segment of a homogeneous lambda light polypeptide chain of an immunoglobulin protein. Although the immunoglobulin origin of amyloid fibrils has been demonstrated in several pathologic settings, this is the first example of their immunoglobulin origin in a case of amyloidosis with restricted tissue involvement.
Dual modulation of hepatic and intestinal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity by (de-)phosphorylation and substrate supply in vitro

Abstract Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in microsomes from rat liver and rat intestinal epithelial cells was increased by incubation of the microsomes with the 100 000 × g supernatant fraction in the presence of ATP/MgCl2 and NaF. The measured activity was further increased by including cholesterol-rich liposomes in the preincubation. The ACAT activity in rat liver microsomes could be inhibited by preincubation in the presence of 100 000 × g supernatant and MgCl2 and microsomes preactivated by ATP/MgCl2 could also be inhibited in this way. The results suggest that ACAT activity in vitro is modulated by substrate supply and also reversibly by an ATP-dependent process which may be protein phosphorylation.
Stimulation of growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens by its homologous enterotoxin

C. perfringens enterotoxin shortened the lag phase and time of onset of sporulation of the same organism in a dose-dependent manner. The toxin stimulated macromolecular synthesis of pre-exponential phase cells.
The role of serum testosterone in the accelerated extinction of a conditioned taste aversion in fluid deprived male rats

Fluid deprivation decreases serum testosterone (T) levels and increases the rate of extinction of a conditioned taste aversion in Sprague-Dawley male rats. It has been suggested that the decreased serum levels may be the primary factor responsible for the accelerated extinction rates during fluid deprivation. To test the generality of this hypothesis, the effect of fluid deprivation on T levels and extinction rate was investigated in Fischer 344 male rats. Extinction rates were accelerated in Fischer 344 rats but T levels were not decreased. In a second study, the behavioral and hormonal responses of Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley males to fluid deprivation were compared. Extinction rates were increased in both strains of rat by fluid deprivation, but serum T levels were decreased in fluid-deprived Sprague-Dawley males and not Fischer 344 males. It was suggested that the accelerated extinction in fluid-deprived Sprague-Dawley males was primarily due to decreases in serum T levels, while the faster extinction in deprived Fisher 344 males could be accounted for by decreases in sensitivity to T.
Studies on the Specificity of Fluorimetric Determination of Plasma Corticosteroids ad Modum De Moor & Steeno

The simple and convenient fluorimetric method of estimating cortisol in small volumes of plasma as described by De Moor et al. has been re-examined and compared with a specific isotope dilution method. It has been shown that there is a good correlation although values found by the less specific fluorimetric method are about twice as high.The method was studied in detail and some investigations were done in an attempt to elucidate the problem of the unspecific fluorogens.Diurnal variations in 18 normal persons and results of ACTH stimulations in 16 normal persons are mentioned and the results are compared with the findings of others using fluorimetric procedures.The unspecific fluorogens and the influence of some interfering steroids are discussed and it is concluded that in spite of its unspecificity the method is well suited for following spontaneous diurnal variation in plasma cortisol, variation during ACTH stimulation, and dexamethasone suppression.It is also a valuable supplement to the determination...
Study of angular effects for optical systems into the EUV

As EUV lithography attempts to outperform other lithographical methods to the sub-14 nm node, the demand for a larger NA traditionally dominates the drive for scaling. There are, however, many challenges to overcome in order to accomplish this [1]. Due to the reflective optics in EUV systems, angular effects of oblique illumination, and non-zero chief ray angle at the objective (CRAO), must be carefully considered and will need to be well understood if high-NA EUV is to be successful. This study investigates impact on of the bias between horizontal and vertical feature CD, image placement error and NILS. Effects of sidewall absorber angle, absorption coefficient (k) and absorber thickness are observed through pitch with various source shapes in an EUV lithography system.
Kinesthetic perceptions of intrinsic anterior-posterior axes

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether kinesthetic and proprioceptive perceptions of “straight ahead” were defined by a head- or trunk-fixed axis. Subjects were instructed to align the forearm with the head or trunk anterior-posterior (a/p) axis by elbow flexion or extension in the horizontal plane in five different conditions. In each condition the experimenter varied initial elbow and shoulder horizontal flexion or extension angles and head and/or trunk orientation (by rotation about a vertical axis) on each trial before the subject moved the forearm to align it with the head or trunk axis. The upper limb motion was voluntarily constrained to the horizontal plane through the shoulder. Variable errors were significantly lower when subjects aligned the forearm to the trunk-fixed a/p axis. Furthermore, the perceptual errors showed a greater dependence on body segment orientations when the forearm was aligned to the head axis than to the trunk axis. We conclude that the trunk a/p axis is preferred to the head a/p axis for specifying upper limb segment orientations in the horizontal plane at the kinesthetic perceptual level.
Spatial representation of objects in the young blind child.

Abstract Four experiments investigated the young blind child's ability to discover, construct and transform representation of objects, in particular those that preserve the spatial relationships among object parts. Experiment 1 showed that three 18–36-month-old blind children systematically explored novel objects using distinctive haptic manipulations linked to novel shape versus texture. Experiments 2, 3 and 4 pursued a single blind child's ability to represent and transform the spatial configurations of objects. By 2 1 12 years, this child was able to rapidly recognize and identify familiar geometric figures following brief exploration (Experiment 2). By 3 years, she was able to recognize novel objects under 180° rotations when their configurations differed from distractors only in the spatial relationships holding among object parts (Experiment 3). At this age, she was also able to infer the locations corresponding to spatial parts of novel objects (the top, bottom, front, back and side) when the objects were upright or rotated, defined only by the location of a single “anchor” term that established their orientation (Experiment 4). In all cases, the blind child's performance was quite similar to that of sighted controls. The results indicate that visual experience is not necessary for the early natural emergence of the capacity to represent and transform spatial descriptions of objects.
A unified approach for multilevel database security based on inference engines

A multilevel relational database system handles data at different security classifications and provides access to users with different security clearances. Many methods for enforcing security in this environment have been investigated. This paper presents a unified approach to multilevel database security based on two ideas: a trusted filter and an inference engine. These two approaches are introduced separately and then the motivation for the unified system and the system model itself are presented.
The vaginal wall sling: A compressive suspension procedure for recurrent incontinence in elderly patients

Abstract Objective . To determine the efficacy of the vaginal wall sling in the management of recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in an elderly female population. Method . Eighteen elderly female patients (average age 68.4 years) with recurrent stress urinary incontinence were studied with a thorough evaluation including videourodynamics. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with type III SUI and 5 patients had type II SUI. A description of the technique, first described by Raz, is provided. Results . Follow-up ranged from six to forty-two months (average 18 months.) All patients are completely dry and express satisfaction with their outcome. Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) are voiding spontaneously. One patient at twelve months' postoperation requires clean intermittent catheterization. Conclusion . Many elderly female patients with recurrent stress urinary incontinence have intrinsic urethral sphincteric incompetence as well as recurrent hypermobility that often classifies them as type II SUI. The vaginal wall sling addresses both problems and is a safe, simple, and effective procedure in the management of recurrent incontinence in elderly female patients.
Dislocation core structures in YAg, a ductile B2 CsCl-type intermetallic compound

Dislocations are thought to be the primary mechanism for plastic deformation in the ductile B2 YAg compound, but no reports have been made on whether partial dislocations are operating. Here, direct observations made by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that in YAg superlattice dislocations dissociate into two superpartials bound to either a stacking fault or an antiphase boundary. A better understanding of dislocation core structures in YAg should improve the understanding of deformation mechanisms in the family of ductile rare-earth B2 intermetallics.
Parent–offspring resemblance for specific cognitive abilities in two ethnic groups

A LARGE scale study of familial factors in mental ability is in progress in Hawaii and data are being obtained on 15 cognitive variables (Table 1), various environmental indices, and blood group and enzyme systems. After three years of testing, there are now sufficient data (1,490 families; 5,077 individuals) for preliminary genetic analyses. Measures of parent–offspring resemblance for members of the two largest ethnic groups in our sample, Americans of European ancestry (AEA; 739 families) and Americans of Japanese ancestry (AJA; 244 families), are presented here. These measures provide upper-bound estimates for the heritability of performance on the individual tests and factor scores1,2, in addition to a test of the hypothesis3,4 that spatial visualisation ability is influenced by a sex-linked major gene. Relatively small scale studies of parent–offspring resemblance for specific cognitive abilities have been reported for a Caucasian sample5 and a Korean sample6; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of parent–offspring resemblance for measures of cognitive abilities in two ethnic groups.
SIMPLE RELATIONS AMONG MULTIPLE SCATTERING AMPLITUDES IN LIGHT NUCLEI.

Abstract We show that the amplitudes for multiple scattering in nuclei with A ⩽ 4 are related in a very simple way. It is therefore possible to calculate explicitly the contribution of double and triple scattering to the π ± 4 He total cross section if the π ± 3 He and π ± p total cross sections are also known, without the need of fitting the differential cross sections. These contributions contain information about Regge cuts as well as the nuclear structure.
High‐Temperature Oxidation of Molybdenum Disilicide

The oxidation of MoSi2 in air at atmospheric pressure was studied by electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. The oxidation process occurs in two parts: (1) formation of MoO3 and SiO2 at temperatures below the boiling point of MoO3, and (2) formation of Mo5Si3 and SiO2 at higher temperatures. Evidence is presented which indicates that oxygen permeation through a silica layer, which may be of a mixed crystalline-glassy nature, controls reaction rate at high temperatures and that Mo5Si3 is present directly beneath the protective oxide. The activation energy for oxidation of MoSi2 above 1200°C was calculated as 81.3 kcal mole−1.
Pulmonary Artery Rupture as a Complication of Pulmonary Hypertension: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

A 57-year-old woman with severe thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension died suddenly, approximately 3 hours after pulmonary angiography. Autopsy revealed a hemopericardium (350 mL) due to rupture of the pulmonary artery. Three acute partial intimal-medial tears also were observed. Fatal rupture of the mediastinal pulmonary arteries is a rare complication of severe pulmonary hypertension. A review of eight similar cases indicates that rupture tends to occur in patients with systemic levels of pressure, thrombotic (rather than plexogenic) forms of pulmonary hypertension, and survival longer than two years (mean, 4.5 years) from diagnosis.
P62/Ubiquitin IHC Expression Correlated with Clinicopathologic Parameters and Outcome in Gastrointestinal Carcinomas

P62 and ubiquitin are small regulatory proteins demonstrated to have implications in the prognosis and survival of various malignancies including: hepatocellular, breast, ovarian, and some gastrointestinal carcinomas. Several trials studied the link of their activity to the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and showed that their autophagy modification has a critical stand point in tumorigenesis. These findings explain their vital role in controlling the process of cell death and survival. It has been shown recently that p62 and ubiquitin overexpression in different types of cancers, such as triple negative breast and ovarian cancers, have directly correlated with incidence of distant metastases. We aim to evaluate p62/ubiquitin expression in gastrointestinal carcinomas of gastric, colonic and pancreatic origin. In gastric carcinoma (45), positive p62 nuclear expression was noted in 53% and cytoplasmic in 57%, while positive ubiquitin was nuclear expressed in 80%, and cytoplasmic in 24%. In colon carcinoma (70), positive p62 nuclear expression was noted in 41% and cytoplasmic in 68.5%, while positive ubiquitin was nuclear in 57% and cytoplasmic in 42%. In pancreatic cancer, positive p62 nuclear expression was noted in 86% and cytoplasmic in 60%, while positive ubiquitin was nuclear in 100% and cytoplasmic in 80%. Normal gastric (6), colon (4) and pancreatic (4) tissues were negative for both P62 and ubiquitin (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining <20%). The results suggest that p62 and ubiquitin are highly expressed in nuclei and cytoplasm of gastric, colonic and pancreatic carcinomas. More studies are needed to correlate IHC expression of p62/ubiquitin with clinicopathologic parameters and overall survival in GI carcinomas.