cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online impact analysis via dynamic compilation technology

Dynamic impact analysis based on whole path profiling of method calls and returns has been shown to provide more useful predictions of software change impacts than method-level static slicing and to avoid the overhead of expensive dependency analysis needed for dynamic slicing-based impact analysis. This work presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of an online approach to dynamic impact analysis as an extension to the DynamoRIO binary code modification system and to the Jikes Research Virtual Machine. Storage and postmortem analysis of program traces, even compressed, are avoided.
Mass spectral fragmentations of aminoketones in which charge is not localized exclusively on nitrogen

The low resolution mass spectra of α-dimethylaminoacetophenone and γ-dimethylaminobutyrophenone are compared to those of δ-methylhexanophenone and dimethyl n-butylamine as well as to those of α-dimethylaminoacetonitrile and γ-dimethylaminobutyronitrile. Analysis indicates that significant fractions of the fragmentations of the aminoketones are directed by the carbonyl. In particular, McLafferty rearrangement of the γ-aminoketone is favored over α-cleavage from nitrogen at ionizing voltages below 15 eV. Although the overall fragmentation patterns are presumably determined both by the distribution of charge and by the relative rates of the fragmentation processes available to the two ionized groups, the intrinsic rates for α-cleavage at ionized nitrogen and at ionized carbonyls appear to be very similar. Kinetic analysis suggests that 26% of the charge resides on the carbonyl in the γ-aminoketone molecular ion. The extent of delocalization of charge in any aminoketone may be partially controlled by the extent of spatial overlap of the two groups. Correlations of mass spectral behavior with photochemical behavior are thus limited because electronic excitation is more localized in the lowest excited states of molecules than charge is in electron-impact produced molecular ions.
Non-communicable diseases--neglected diseases in global health work?

During the last few years we have seen a move from ‘international health’ to ‘global health’. This is a consequence of understanding how global trends and determinants increasingly influence public health everywhere in the world. There is a mushrooming of meetings, initiatives, programmes and centres on global health. Consequently, also financial aid to global health activities has much increased. Much of this goes to programmes on infectious diseases or other traditional health issues—many of them in form of vertical disease specific actions. Very little, i.e. less than 3% of the global development assistance for health, goes to prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).1 This is in sharp contrast to the observations on how global health is rapidly changing. Although many infectious diseases and other traditional health issues, like child and maternal mortality, remain serious problems and should be vigorously addressed, …
Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction

Based on accumulating evidence, simulation appears to be a basic computational mechanism in the brain that supports a broad spectrum of processes from perception to social cognition. Further evidence suggests that simulation is typically situated, with the situated character of experience in the environment being reflected in the situated character of the representations that underlie simulation. A basic architecture is sketched of how the brain implements situated simulation. Within this framework, simulators implement the concepts that underlie knowledge, and situated conceptualizations capture patterns of multi-modal simulation associated with frequently experienced situations. A pattern completion inference mechanism uses current perception to activate situated conceptualizations that produce predictions via simulations on relevant modalities. Empirical findings from perception, action, working memory, conceptual processing, language and social cognition illustrate how this framework produces the extensive prediction that characterizes natural intelligence.
Trans-dichotomous algorithms for minimum spanning trees and shortest paths

The fusion tree method is extended to develop a linear-time algorithm for the minimum spanning tree problem and an O(m+n log n/log log n) implementation of Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm for a graph with n vertices and m edges. The shortest-path algorithm surpasses information-theoretic limitations. The extension of the fusion tree method involves the development of a new data structure, the atomic heap. The atomic heap accommodates heap (priority queue) operations in constant amortized time under suitable polylog restrictions on the heap size. The linear-time minimum spanning tree algorithm results from a direct application of the atomic heap. To obtain the shortest path algorithm, the atomic heap is used as a building block to construct a new data structure, the AF-heap, which has no size restrictions and surpasses information theoretic limitations. The AF-heap belongs to the Fibonacci heap family. >
Spiritual Struggle and Religious Coping in Older Adults with Mood Disorders

approached significance (p1⁄4 .08). In a separate regression model, onset of depression, white matter lesion, and cortical thickness data were not significantly associated with ILS performance. Conclusions: Our results suggest that within LLD, impairments of financial capacity are common. Further, individuals with impaired financial capacity exhibit worse performance on measures of memory, attention and executive functioning than individuals with no financial capacity impairment but show no difference in language abilities. In contrast to our hypothesis, memory, and not attention and executive functioning, was the only significant cognitive predictor of financial capacity performance. Also cortical atrophy and WML volume was not significantly associated with financial capacity performance and these findings did not support our hypothesis. Taken together however, our findings suggest that impairment of financial capacity in LLD may result from specific cognitive impairments associated with LLD, and may not share the same association with cortical atrophy seen in neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Given our relatively small sample size we interpret these findings cautiously, and future research on the association of cognitive function and cortical atrophy on financial capacity in LLD is warranted.
Workshop Synthesis: Conducting Travel Surveys using Portable Devices- Challenges and Research Needs

Abstract This workshop examined the range of portable devices, their advantages and limitations in terms of technology, the methodologies to extract useful information for travel behavior analysis from portable device data, and how data from multiple sources may be fused together to obtain the data needed for travel demand modeling. In addition, the workshop identified challenges and the research opportunities ahead. But there was general consensus that the travel data collection field is at an exciting point in its history, with unprecedented opportunities to collect rich travel data at fine resolutions of space and time.
A “Good” Generalization of the Euler-Fermat Theorem

(1974). A “Good” Generalization of the Euler-Fermat Theorem. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 28-31.
The Ability of Teachers to Conform to Two Styles of Teaching

THAT THE TEACHER should use m e t h o d s of I instruction appropriate to his objectives is an axi om of teacher training (7). Although the results may be meager and inconclusive (6), the relation ships between teacher behavior and learning out comes have been the subject of educational re search. However, studies of the extent to which teachers can adapt their classroom behavior are practically non-existent. Withall (10), in determij ning the validity of his Climate Index, did have his teachers change from teacher-centered to learner centered behavior in the middle of a class period. A parallel problem involves the confirmation of the independent variable of teacher style in re search investigating the relationships between teacher behavior and learning outcomes (9). A fail ure to define operationally, for example, through systematic observation, the teaching procedures or methods used creates problems in the interpreta tion and evaluation of experimental results. Two styles of teaching which have a long history in the literature might be termed the ' Recitation' ' and the "socratic" Each might be appropriate to certain teaching aims. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine if the same teachers could use two such styles, as we defined them; and, [ concurrently, 2) to determine whether the indepen dent variable of teaching style was established in an experimental investigation into "teaching high school students a critical approach to contemporary national issues" (5).
Double-Acting Sleeve Muscle: Concept and Example Application in Powered Prostheses

Pneumatic muscle actuator is a type of muscle-like actuator that mimics human skeletal muscle action through an airtight elastic tube. This unique type of actuator is able to generate a large output force with a very lightweight structure, and thus has been used in various robotic systems. In this paper, the authors further expand the performance and functionality of pneumatic actuator by introducing a unique modification to the actuator structure. Specifically, a telescoping insert is integrated to the center of the actuator. This insert serves dual purposes. First, by eliminating the central space in the pneumatic muscle, this structural change increases the force output and reduces the energy consumption of the actuator. Second, the insert incorporates an additional pneumatic chamber at the center of the actuator, which enables the actuator to generate an extension force and become a double-acting actuator. Comparative experimental results demonstrated the advantages of the new actuator over the traditional pneumatic muscle with respect to the actuation force over the entire range of motion. Furthermore, a design example, knee actuation mechanism in a powered leg prosthesis, is presented to illustrate the application of the new actuator. To provide the desired performance, a double-acting sleeve muscle drives the knee joint through an inverted crank-slider mechanism. A graphic comparison shows that the actuation system is able to provide sufficient torque to support a 75 kg user’s level walking and stair climbing.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
G-protein-mediated regulation of a Ca2+-dependent K+ channel in cultured vascular endothelial cells

The purpose of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which bradykinin activates the small conductance, inwardly rectifying, Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) found in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Channel activity was studied using the patch-clamp technique in whole-cell, cell-attached, inside-out and outside-out configurations. Channel conductance at potentials positive to 0 mV was 10±2 pS and at potentials negative to 0 mV 30±3 pS (n=7) when examined in symmetrical K+ (150 mmol/l) solutions. The channel open probability (P o) was only weakly voltage dependent changing approximately 0.2 units over 160 mV. In contrast, raising the intracellular Ca2+ concentration from 100 nmol/l to 10 μmol/l at −60 mV produced a graded increase in channel P o from 0.15 to 0.96; the concentration required for half-maximum response (apparent K0.5) was 719 nmol/l. At a constant Ca2+ concentration, application of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to the cytoplasmic surface of the patch increased channel P o. This effect was dependent upon the simultaneous presence of both GTP and Mg2+, and was reversed by the subsequent application of the guanosine diphosphate (GDP) analogue, guanosine-5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDPβS). The hydrolysis-resistant GTP analogue, guanosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS), induced a long-lasting increase in channel P o. In the presence of Mg2+-GTP, the apparent K0.5 for Ca2+ decreased from a control value of 722 nmol/l to 231 nmol/l. Addition of bradykinin to outside-out patches previously exposed to intracellular Mg2+-GTP further enhanced KCa activity, shifting the apparent K0.5 for Ca2+ from 228 nmol/l to 107 nmol/l. This activation by bradykinin was not observed in patches following prior exposure to GDPβS. These results suggest that bradykinin can activate the KCa channel of vascular endothelial cells via a G-protein-mediated change in the sensitivity of the channel for Ca2+. We postulate that vasoactive agonists may use this mechanism to maintain an elevated K+ permeability as the intracellular Ca2+ concentration returns towards normal resting levels.
Control of Primary Zone Soot Formation in a Semi-Closed Cycle Gas Turbine

Spectroscopic measurements were made on the primary zone flame of a constant speed, semi-closed cycle, and recuperated gas turbine. This was undertaken at various loads while introducing cooled exhaust gas into the combustor reactant stream as a diluent. Operating conditions included primary reaction zone equivalence ratios from 0.42 to 0.64 and reactant oxygen concentration from 15.4 to 20.7% at an average combustion pressure of 34.8 psia. The results demonstrated a power relationship between soot volume fraction and the oxygen concentration in the reactant gas mixture. Soot formation was reduced by an order of magnitude when oxygen concentration was reduced to 17.5%. Two predictive models, based on data regression analysis, were developed for soot temperature as a function of combustion pressure and oxygen concentration and for soot volume fraction, normalized to the maximum observed, as a function of equivalence ratio, oxygen concentration, soot temperature and combustion pressure. The models demonstrate a close agreement with data and predict both soot temperature and soot volume fraction will increase with primary zone oxygen concentration.
Progress in NCSX Construction

The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Its mission is to develop the physics understanding of the compact stellarator and evaluate its potential for future fusion energy systems. Compact stellarators use 3D plasma shaping to produce a magnetic configuration that can be steady state without current drive or feedback control of instabilities. The NCSX has major radius 1.4 m, aspect ratio 4.4, 3 field periods, and a quasi-axisymmetric magnetic field. It is predicted to be stable and have good magnetic surfaces at beta > 4% and to have tokamak-like confinement properties. The device will provide the plasma configuration flexibility and the heating and diagnostic access needed to test physics predictions. Component production has advanced substantially since the first contracts were placed in 2004. Manufacture of the vacuum vessel was completed in 2006. All eighteen modular coil winding forms have been delivered, and twelve modular coils have been wound and epoxy impregnated. A contract for the (planar) toroidal field coils was placed in 2006 and manufacture is in progress. Assembly activities have begun and will be the project's main focus in the next few years. The engineering challenge of NCSX is to meet the requirements for complex geometries and tight tolerances within the cost and schedule constraints of a construction project. This paper will focus on how the engineering challenges of component production have been resolved, and how the assembly challenges are being met.
Optical deflection of a metastable He Beam

We have used laser light at the resonance frequency of the 23S1 → 23P2 transition of metastable helium (He*) at λ = 1.083 μm to deflect a supersonic beam by an amount limited by our interaction time. The home-built diode-laser-pumped LNA laser1 provides a few milliwatts of tunable single-frequency light near 1.083 μm. Approximately 0.5 mW of this is formed into a 1 mm × 10 mm horizontally oriented rectangular beam to deflect the atoms. The He* beam is produced by a dc discharge in a supersonic beam of He that is skimmed by a 100-μm-wide vertical slit. Atoms then pass through a differentially pumped chamber and a beam-defining slit, which is 250 μm wide and 20 cm from the skimmer, and then to a 2-m-long beam line. At its end the 2.3-mm-wide atomic beam impinges on a microchannel plate where the He* atoms liberate electrons, which are multiplied and then accelerated to a phosphor screen. The screen is viewed by a television camera whose output goes to a frame grabber in a microcomputer, thus recording the image of the atomic beam.2
Individuals motivated to participate in adherence, care and treatment (imPACT): development of a multi-component intervention to help HIV-infected recently incarcerated individuals link and adhere to HIV care

Policy-makers promote a seek, test, treat and retain (STTR) strategy to expand HIV testing, support linkage and engagement in care, and enhance the continuous use of antiretroviral therapy for those HIV-infected. This HIV prevention strategy is particularly appropriate in correctional settings where HIV screening and treatment are routinely available yet many HIV-infected individuals have difficulty sustaining sufficient linkage and engagement in care, disease management, and viral suppression after prison release. Our research team developed Project imPACT (individuals motivated to Participate in Adherence, Care and Treatment), a multi-component approach for HIV-Infected recently incarcerated individuals that specifically targets their care linkage, retention, and medication adherence by addressing multiple barriers to care engagement after release. The ultimate goals of this intervention are to improve the health of HIV-infected individuals recently released from prison and reduce HIV transmission to their communities by maintaining viral suppression. This paper describes the intervention and technology development processes, based on best practices for intervention development and process evaluation. These processes included: 1) identifying the target population; 2) clarifying the theoretical basis for intervention design; 3) describing features of its foundational interventions; 4) conducting formative qualitative research; 5) integrating and adapting foundational interventions to create and refine intervention content based on target audience feedback. These stages along with the final intervention product are described in detail. The intervention is currently being evaluation and a two arm randomized, controlled trial in two US state prison systems. Based on a literature review, qualitative research, integration of proven interventions and behavioral theory, the final imPACT intervention focused on the transition period two to three months before and three months after prison release. It emphasized pre-release readiness, pre- and post-release supportive non-judgmental counseling, linking individuals to a HIV care clinic and technological supports through videos and text messages. This article provides a useful model for how researchers can develop, test, and refine multi-component interventions to address HIV care linkage, retention and adherence. NCT01629316 , first registered 6-4-2012; last updated 6-9-2015.
External radiation is associated with limited improvement in overall survival in resected margin-negative stage IIB pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background The absolute benefit of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy after a margin-negative resection in early stage pancreatic cancer has not been determined. Methods We queried the National Cancer Data Base for patients with pathologic stage I–II pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent operative resection between 2004 and 2012. Multivariate Cox regression adjusted for age, race, comorbidities, facility type, location and volume, type of pancreatectomy, and tumor grade was used to estimate stage-specific survival. Results A total of 15,966 patients with stage I–II pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent upfront operative therapy (no neoadjuvant treatment) and had a margin-negative resection during the study period. A total of 835 (5.2%) patients were pathologic stage IA, 1,539 (9.5%) were stage IB, 3,378 (20.9%) were stage IIA, and 10,214 (63.1%) were stage IIB. Chemoradiation utilization increased with increasing stage (22.8% in stage IA vs 39.6% in stage IIB, P P P P P P P > .30). Conclusion Addition of radiation to adjuvant chemotherapy after margin-negative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is associated with a limited survival benefit in patients with pathologic stage IIB disease and should be weighed against its associated risks in these patient groups.
Give and You Shall Receive? Generosity, Sacrifice, & Marital Quality

This study seeks to determine if spouses who reject the individualistic tenor of contemporary life by embracing a spirit of generosity and sacrifice in their marriages enjoy higher-quality marriages than their peers who do not. Relying on data from the new, nationally representative Survey of Marital Generosity (N=3,146), we found that for both husbands and wives, generosity — defined here as small acts of kindness, regular displays of affection and respect, and a willingness to forgive one’s spouse their faults and failings — was positively associated with marital satisfaction and negatively associated with marital conflict and perceived divorce likelihood. However, the association between making major sacrifices and marital quality varied by gender. Uniformly, wives who reported making major sacrifices for their husband were less satisfied in their marriages. But for husbands, this association depended on their levels of satisfaction with sacrificing. The more satisfied husbands reported being with sacrificing for their wives, the less making a major sacrifice for their wife was associated with lower marital satisfaction. Overall, then, regular expressions of generosity, but not major acts of sacrifice, are linked to higher quality marriages among contemporary spouses (aged 18-55).
Coastal sea level variability in the US West Coast Ocean Forecast System (WCOFS)

Sea level variability along the US West Coast is analyzed using multi-year time series records from tide gauges and a high-resolution regional ocean model, the base of the West Coast Ocean Forecast System (WCOFS). One of the metrics utilized is the frequency of occurrences when model prediction is within 0.15 m from the observed sea level, F. A target level of F = 90% is set by an operational agency. A combination of the tidal sea level from a shallow water inverse model, inverted barometer (IB) term computed using surface air pressure from a mesoscale atmospheric model, and low-pass filtered sea level from WCOFS representing the effect of coastal ocean dynamics (DYN) provides the most straightforward approach to reaching levels F>80%. The IB and DYN components each add between 5 and 15% to F. Given the importance of the DYN term bringing F closer to the operational requirement and its role as an indicator of the coastal ocean processes on scales from days to interannual, additional verification of the WCOFS subtidal sea level is provided in terms of the model-data correlation, standard deviation of the band-pass filtered (2–60 days) time series, the annual cycle amplitude, and alongshore sea level coherence in the range of 5–120-day periods. Model-data correlation in sea level increases from south to north along the US coast. The rms amplitude of model sea level variability in the 2–60-day band and its annual amplitude are weaker than observed north of 42 N, in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast region. The alongshore coherence amplitude and phase patterns are similar in the model and observations. Availability of the multi-year model solution allows computation and analysis of spatial maps of the coherence amplitude. For a reference location in the Southern California Bight, relatively short-period sea level motions (near 10 days) are incoherent with those north of the Santa Barbara Channel (in part, due to coastal trapped wave scattering and/or dissipation). At a range of periods around 60 days, the coastal sea level in Southern California is coherent with the sea surface height (SSH) variability over the shelf break in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, more than with the coastal SSH at the same latitudes.
The Bad Harvest: Crop Insurance Reform has Become a Good Idea Gone Awry

Many agriculture policy analysts have argued that partially subsidized crop insurance would be a more efficient and equitable way to protect farmers from disaster than ad hoc aid. Those arguments led to major crop insurance legislation in 1980, 1994, and 2000, as well as other significant reforms in several farm bills over the past twenty years. But the current federal crop insurance program is expensive, complex, and inefficient. The process has been captured by a set of stakeholders who have helped compound the scope, costs, and inefficiency of what at one time was a good idea. Benefits from the program are bid into land prices, creating barriers to entry for young farmers. And the subsidies have had unintended and perverse consequences on insurance company behavior. The current program favors the highest risk farmers and regions and has become so heavily subsidized that it may be even more inefficient and inequitable than ad hoc assistance.
Condition Number Estimates for C0 Interior Penalty Methods

where f ∈ L2(Ω). Let Th be a simplicial or convex quadrilateral triangulation of Ω. In C 0 interior penalty methods, we choose the discrete space Vh ⊂ H 1 0 (Ω) to be either a P` (` ≥ 2) triangular Lagrange finite element space or a Q` (` ≥ 2) tensor product finite element space associated with Th. By an integration by parts argument [4], it can be shown that the solution u of (1), which belongs to H(Ω) for some α > 1/2 by elliptic regularity [11, 9, 13, 2], satisfies
Base-catalyzed diastereoselective trimerization of trifluoroacetone

Amphiphilic fluorocarbons have unique properties that facilitate their self assembly and adhesion to both inorganic and biological substrates. Incorporation of these moieties into valuable constructs typically require complex synthetic routes that have limited their use. Here, the base-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of 6-methyl-2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4-diol is reported. Trimerization of trifluoroacetone in the presence of 5 mol% KHMDS delivers one of four diastereomers selectively in 81% yield with no column chromatography. Temperature screening revealed the reversibility of this trimerization and the funneling of material into the most thermodynamically stable oxane. Subsequent functionalization with boronic acids is reported.
Consumers’ Responses to Service Failures and Recoveries

This paper presents the results of a study examining the nature of consumers’ emotional reactions following a significant service failure. In addition to measuring consumers’ feelings about the outcome that occurred (including the remedy), the emotional response to the service provider and the emotional response about the decision makers own choice to use that provider were captured separately. Consumers regretted their decision to use a provider if the provider only offers them compensation and not an apology when there was a delay in the service. Negative emotions focused toward the self and toward the provider played significant roles in the continuation intentions of the consumers. Offering a small amount of compensation ($10) for a delay with an apology was as effective as offering a large amount of compensation ($350) without an apology. An apology was significantly related to all of the feelings and to the continuation behavior. The level of compensation, however, was only related to greater satisfaction and continuation intentions. The mediating role of these emotional responses on satisfaction and continuation intentions showed that the emotions experienced were important mediators of satisfaction with the handling of the failure and with continuation intentions.
Neural Networks for Robotic Detection of Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Netherlands and New Zealand Perspectives

This paper describes two parts of a continuing research project on developing neural network models for automated early diagnosis of mastitis in dairy cows milked by robotic milking systems. The justification for the project is that mastitis costs industry millions of dollars and severely compromises the health of cows. In the first part, robotic milking data from the Netherlands were used to develop Self Organising Map (SOM) networks providing 96% accuracy and revealing the nature of healthy and sick data regions. In the second part, New Zealand robotic data were used to map the development of mastitis from healthy, marginally ill through to ill stages. Models revealed that the characteristics of mastitis and healthy cases in terms of mastitis indicators are similar for the two countries.
Applications of Operant-Based Behavioral Principles to Toilet Training

In this chapter, we describe the application of principles and mechanisms derived from basic experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) and applied behavior analysis (ABA) to toilet training methods and procedures. Going back to the seminal studies published by Azrin and Foxx (Behavior Analysis, 4:89–99, 1971) and Foxx and Azrin (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11:435–442, 1973), ABA has an effective and extensive record of success in terms of the application of operant-based behavioral principles and mechanisms in the area of toilet training. Specifically, reinforcement, punishment, and stimulus control-based procedures have served, historically, as the operant-based foundations for effective toilet training procedures. Within this chapter, we define operant-based behavioral principles and describe ABA-based procedures and examples of the application of various behavioral principles to toilet training. In this chapter we provide a brief review of the relationship between EAB and ABA, a review of the application of behavioral principles (i.e., reinforcement, punishment, stimulus control) within toilet training procedures, and we discuss additional toilet training behavioral techniques (i.e., prompting strategies, scheduled sitting procedures, increased fluid intake, urinary alarm systems). Each of the subsections pertaining to the application of operant-based behavioral principles begins with a definition of the principle followed by the description of several empirical-based studies illustrating their application within toilet training procedure.
Organizing the Precariat: The Fight to Build and Sustain Fast Food Worker Power:

The structure of work is undergoing a fundamental transformation in the United States as employers have pushed for more flexible forms of employment including subcontracting, independent contractin...
Single-step flash-heat synthesis of red phosphorus/graphene flame-retardant composite as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Red phosphorus (RP) has attracted considerable attention as the anode for high-performance Na-ion batteries, owing to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity of ∼ 2,600 mAh/g. In this study, a facile single-step flash-heat treatment was developed to achieve the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the simultaneous deposition of RP onto the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The resulting RP/rGO composite was shown to be a promising candidate for overcoming the issues associated with the poor electronic conductivity and large volume variation of RP during cycling. The RP/rGO flexible film anode delivered an average capacity of 1,625 mAh/g during 200 cycles at a charge/discharge current density of 1 A/g. Average charge capacities of 1,786, 1,597, 1,324, and 679 mAh/g at 1, 2, 4, and 6 A/g current densities were obtained in the rate capability tests. Moreover, owing to the RP component, the RP/rGO film presented superior flame retardancy compared to an rGO film. This work thus introduces a highly accessible synthesis method to prepare flexible and safe RP anodes with superior electrochemical performance toward Na-ion storage.
ILP-Based Optimal PMU Placement with the Inclusion of the Effect of a Group of Zero-Injection Buses

Zero-injection buses (ZIBs) can reduce the number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) required to be installed for complete observability. It has been demonstrated that a group of neighboring ZIBs can further reduce this required number of PMUs. In contrast to a single ZIB, the effect of a group of ZIBs has not been incorporated into the model of optimal PMU placement (OPP) using mathematical approaches, except for some heuristics methods. In this paper, a novel methodology to incorporate the effect of a group of ZIBs into the OPP model is proposed, using the integer linear programming approach. Two common contingencies—line outage and PMU loss—are also considered. Moreover, two visualization techniques are used for illustrating the locations of PMUs obtained from OPP: (1) using a graph-based force-directed method and (2) on a map using the geographic information system. The proposed method is verified using several small- and large-scale test systems and compared with other related studies.
The Personality Background of Susceptibility to Hypnosis

All investigators have found that some subjects are much more readily hypnotizable than others. It is sometimes assumed that all individuals can be hypnotized if circumstances are favorable, and successes have in fact been reported following hundreds of hours of failure. It is usually found, however, that if a person is not at least moderately susceptible within a few sessions, he is likely to remain refractory to hypnosis. In any case, the differences in susceptibility are striking enough to make it of interest to try to answer the question: Why is person A more hypnotizable than Person B?
Phase-Shifting Interferometry

Interierometric methods permit us to measure the shape oi an optical suriace with high accuracy, using the wavelength as a unit oi length. On the other hand, spherical suriaces are the most common, but aspherical surfaces i.e., not spherical, are more and more popular due to their great design advantages. Aspherical surfaces generally have the shape of a conic of revolution. The prozedure to determine the quality of an aspherical surface is not an easy one. However, these methods are absolutely necessary in order to manufacture the very precise modern optica! surfaces. Phase shifting interferometry started about ten years ago. It has many great advantages with respect to the traditiona! methods, mainly when it's applied to the testing of optical surfaces. Here, we present a review of these advances.
The clinical application of laboratory diagnostic procedures for rubella and measles (rubeola).

The laboratory diagnosis of rubella and measles (rubeola) involves reliance on serologic tests or virus isolation, or both. Although antibodies to these two diseases can be detected by hemagglutination-inhibition, neutralization, complement fixation, and immunofluorescent procedures, most diagnostic needs can be met by the use of hemagglutination-inhibition test. Rubella and measles hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies are a reliable indication of immunity. Isolation of rubella virus is frequently attempted in cases of congenital rubella as well as in the study of materials obtained from therapeutic abortions in pregnancies complicated by rubella or rubella vaccination. Measles virus recovery is more difficult and usually is attempted only in the study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Interferon therapy of hematologic malignancies

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematologic neoplasm characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of mature myeloid cells and their progenitors. It is a clonal disorder caused by somatic mutation in a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell; consequently, there is involvement of myeloid and erythroid cells, monocytes/macrophages, megakaryocytes, and lymphocytes. Clonality has been conclusively demonstrated by polymorphic genetic systems such as glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in heterozygous individuals with CML, X-chromosome DNA restriction fragment-length polymorphism of hypoxanthine glucuronyl ribosyl phosphoryl transferase, and the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph’) chromosome and other clonal cytogenetic markers [1-5].
Network Traffic Issues for Interactive Multipoint Multimedia Applications

We consider interactive multipoint multimedia communications over heterogeneous networks. In order to support such applications in an effective and efficient manner, we advocate the use of Multi-resolution Layered Coding (MLC) and present architectural alternatives that can support MLC within the scope of existing standards and technologies. In particular, in order to support real-time video transmission over ATM networks, we have proposed the use of multiple virtual-channels with different Quality of Service (QoS) levels, instead of the standard two-level priority scheme based on the Cell Loss Priority bit Similarly, implicit (for IPv4) or explicit (for IPv6) flow IDs can be used in the Internet environment We have also considered the combined use of both guaranteed QoS streams, for the critical but highly compressible components of continuous media, and “best-effort” service, for the enhancement layers, as a means to provide a statistical multiplexing gain and increase the number of flows admitted by networks supporting QoS guarantees. Finally, we provide some illustrative examples of the impact of congestion or transmission errors leading to cell or packet loss on images coded with MLC.
Hybrid steam/solvent wellbore design for an optimal operation

To have an efficient oil recovery in hybrid steam-solvent injection, the solvent must condense at the steam chamber edge. Thus, the injection well must deliver the solvent near its dew point at the sand face. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis to study how different operational parameters and well design affect the behaviour of steam and solvent along the wellbore before reaching the perforation intervals. This study highlights the importance of wellbore modelling in the solvent assisted steam injection process. Results show that with some specific operational parameters and solvent composition, up to 23% of the solvent condense along the wellbore before reaching the sand face, meaning that only 77% of the solvent mixture effectively is used for the heavy oil recovery. Also, in a case study, it was shown that using 2 7/8 inch tubing instead of a 3 1/2 inch leads to a temperature improvement of 54°F. [Received: December 16, 2016; Accepted: June 18, 2017]
Spontaneous Healing of a Ruptured Blood Blister-Like Aneurysm.

Background Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) are an uncommon group of arterial aneurysms with a high risk of rupture, progression, and repeat rupture. The best intervention is unclear; however, their clinical behavior typically requires urgent intervention. We describe a BBA managed conservatively with complete resolution found at follow-up. Case Description A 50-year-old woman presented with a Hunt-Hess grade 2, Fisher grade 3 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Computed tomography (CT) revealed mild hydrocephalus with a thick basal SAH that was eccentric to the left. The findings from CT angiography were negative. Digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) revealed a focal protuberance along the dorsal surface of the left ophthalmic segment that was concerning for a dorsal variant BBA. Repeat angiography 48 hours later demonstrated receding of the ectasia, with replacement by a Conclusions DSA remains an important imaging study for the detection of small aneurysms, because CT angiography might not have sufficient resolution. Our unique case provides strong evidence that BBAs represent a parent artery focal dissection. BBAs can remodel over time, usually with enlargement and repeat rupture if untreated. It is possible, as we have demonstrated, that some small lesions presenting with SAH might spontaneously heal without intervention.
The Mark of Criminality: Rhetoric, Race, and Gangsta Rap in the War-on-Crime Era

Despite sporadic uptakes throughout the history of the discipline, rhetorical scholars’ attention to matters of race, racialization, and racial inequalities and oppressions is primarily marked by a...
Exosomes mediate Zika virus transmission through SMPD3 neutral Sphingomyelinase in cortical neurons

The harmful effects of ZIKA virus (ZIKV) infection are reflected by severe neurological manifestations such as microcephaly in neonates and other complications associated with Guillain-Barre syndro...
Learning from own and others: The moderating role of performance aspiration

Abstract This study uses an organizational learning perspective to examine how hotel experience (both accumulated from own and others) affects performance outcomes as evaluated by customer dissatisfaction. To this end, we show that hotel experience has a curvilinear effect on customer dissatisfaction, but the relationship has different shapes based on the source of learning (own vs. others). The learning outcome is also contingent on how a hotel aspires for performance improvement. We discuss the implications of these findings and highlight the fact that although learning from others can be more beneficial in the short term, hotels need to rely on their own experience as a source of learning for long-term benefits.
Stress: An evolutionary mutagen.

The fundamental conflicts in Western literature—person vs. nature and person vs. person—shape protagonists into more-evolved characters by the ends of their stories. This is no less true in biological evolution, where the environment and competing organisms shape a species’ form and behavior over vast time scales, and thus its likelihood of adaptation and survival. Specific examples of variation and selection are relatively easy to come by in the natural or laboratory worlds. However, what has been much harder to find are the biological pathways, discrete molecular mechanisms that govern these broad evolutionary concepts. This is because, unlike self-aware literary characters and their responses to life’s stresses, the evolution of a species’ genome is constrained by a fundamental ignorance—they must be random mutations that generate the variation upon which selection occurs. In PNAS, Cappucci et al. (1) reveal a key insight that shows how a genome can seemingly intentionally respond to stress and pass those favorable adaptations on to its young. The essence of the problem they solve is about “direction” and speed of evolutionary change. Two historic figures loom large over the theoretical concepts of the work being reported in this paper. First is Conrad Waddington, who famously coined the term “epigenetic” to explain the then- (and now-) mysterious “connection” between genotype and phenotype. He wondered how a phenotype “unfolds” from a DNA sequence (2). How exactly are long necks, fast running, thumbs, growling, or self-awareness encoded in DNA? Waddington knew the answer to this question must accommodate his and others’ empirical and experimental observations of living and changing populations. One of the most vexing concepts for Darwinian evolution was how environmentally induced changes to an organism’s shape or behavior—changes that affected the soma, the body, of the organism in question—found their way back into genotypes in the germ plasm … [↵][1]1Email: kamaggert{at}email.arizona.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Experiences of Early Career Counseling Psychologists Working in Integrated Health Care

Psychologists are increasingly represented among interprofessional health care teams, yet little is known about counseling psychologists who fulfill these roles. We interviewed 13 early career coun...
Analysis of injected cement volume and clinical outcomes following kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures.

Background It has been suggested that greater volumes of cement injected during kyphoplasty correlate with improved vertebral body height restoration and kyphotic angulation correction. However, there is little evidence tying cement volume to patient outcomes. Here, we analyzed the association between cement volume and outcome utilizing indices of pain, disability, and quality of life. Methods One hundred and thirty-six patients undergoing kyphoplasty were analyzed retrospectively. The total volume of bone cement injected was recorded intraoperatively for each patient; the average total cement volume was 5.44 cc. Pre- and postoperative outcome indices were documented, using the visual analog scale (VAS), Roland-Morris disability index (RMDI), and the EuroQol 5 Dimension instrument (EQ5D). Pearson's correlations and linear regression models were derived for the association of total cement volume with each of the patient outcome measures. This was a retrospective cohort study. Results The average change in VAS, RMDI, and EQ5D scores for all patients was -6.8, +8.3, and +0.41, respectively. For VAS, RMDI, and EQ5D improvements, neither Pearson's correlations nor multiple linear regression models revealed a correlation or an association with total cement volume. Conclusion For patients undergoing kyphoplasty, outcomes were not associated with the total injected cement volume; all had a significant reduction in pain and most exhibited decreased disability with improved quality of life.
Geologic characterization of nonconformities using outcrop and core analogs: hydrologic implications for injection-induced seismicity

Abstract. The occurrence of induced earthquakes in crystalline rocks kilometres from deep wastewater injection wells poses questions about the influence nonconformity contacts have on the downward and lateral transmission of pore fluid pressure and poroelastic stresses. We hypothesize that structural and mineralogical heterogeneities at the sedimentary-crystalline rock nonconformity control the degree to which fluids, fluid pressure, and associated poroelastic stresses are transmitted over long distances across and along the nonconformity boundary. We examined the spatial distribution of physical and chemical heterogeneities in outcrops and whole-rock core samples of the great nonconformity in the midcontinent of the United States, capturing a range of tectonic settings and rock properties that we use to characterize the degree of historical fluid communication and the potential for future communication. We identify three end-member nonconformity types that represent a range of properties that will influence direct fluid pressure transmission and poroelastic responses far from the injection site. These nonconformity types vary depending on whether the contact is sharp and minimally altered, or if it is dominated by phyllosilicates or secondary non-phyllosilicate mineralization. We expect the rock properties associated with the presence or absence of secondary non-phyllosilicate mineralization and phyllosilicates to either allow or inhibit fractures to cross the nonconformity, thus impacting the permeability of the nonconformity zone. Our observations provide geologic constraints for modelling fluid migration and the associated pressure communication and poroelastic effects at large-scale disposal projects by providing relevant subsurface properties and much needed data regarding common alteration minerals that may interact readily with brines or reactive fluids.
Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Assessment of Arteriole Flow Impedance

Cerebrovascular impedance relates vascular flow dynamics to pressure changes and has been challenging to be measured in the microvasculature. We present a method to measure impedance using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Police use of force and nativity: revisiting standing evidence of public opinion on police use of force

Police use of force is a topic of longstanding and ongoing concern in the criminal justice literature. Carter & Corra (2016) studied citizen perceptions of police use of force, establishing an empi...