cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bimetallic catalyst particle nanostructure. Evolution from molecular cluster precursors

A set of supported bimetallic catalysts, designated [Re7Ir−N], [Re7Ir−P], [Re5IrRe2−N], and [Re5IrRe2−P], has been prepared from two structural isomers (1 and 2) of the cluster compound [Z]2[Re7IrC(CO)23] (Z+ = NEt4+, N(PPh3)2+) by deposition onto high surface area alumina (≤1% Re) and activation in H2 at 773 K. The specific activities of the catalysts for ethane hydrogenolysis at 500 K vary significantly (3−63 mmol of CH4/mol of Re7Ir per s) and depend on both the metal framework structure and the counterion present in the precursor. Interpretation of EXAFS data (from both Re and Ir L3-edges) has enabled the development of specific models for the catalyst particle nanostructures that correlate with the catalytic activities. The more active catalysts ([Re7Ir−N] and [Re5IrRe2−N]) are modeled by a hemisphere of close-packed (hcp) metal atoms (average diameter 1 nm) with Ir at the core. On the other hand, the less active catalysts ([Re7Ir−P] and [Re5IrRe2−P]) are better described as two-dimensional layer str...
MicroRNA modulation in complex regional pain syndrome

Background Aberrant expression of small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) is a common feature of several human diseases. The objective of the study was to identify miRNA modulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) a chronic pain condition resulting from dysfunction in the central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Due to a multitude of inciting pathologies, symptoms and treatment conditions, the CRPS patient population is very heterogeneous. Our goal was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in blood and explore their utility in patient stratification.
The wavering midline: a diagnostic sign of fetal hydrocephalus.

Abstract The significance of midline wavering in the central nervous system as a diagnostic sign in hydrocephalus was evaluated prospectively in 27 hydrocephalic fetuses. No normal fetuses in a control group exhibited a wavering midline at three different times in pregnancy. Wavering along the entire length of the midline was seen in all 27 affected infants with hydrocephalus diagnosed from 12 to 42 weeks' gestation, prior to determination of an abnormal lateral ventricular width: hemispheric width ratio in one of 23 cases for which data were available and prior to an increased biparietal diameter in 25 (48%). One fetus, not included in the series, showed wavering of the midline echo and had an abnormal lateral ventricular width: hemispheric width ratio. The neonate was later shown to have trisomy 21 (47,XY,+21) and is suspected to have had a transient ventriculomegaly. Wavering along the complete length of the midline echo appears to be a constant finding in hydrocephalus in the fetus.
Development of a new standard reference material: SRM 1955 (homocysteine and folate in human serum).

Total homocysteine (tHCY) and folate are interrelated biomarkers for arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Although many different methods for both tHCY and folate are clinically available, the intermethod and interlaboratory results are often poor, resulting in the need for a matrix reference material and reference methods. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for determination of tHCY and several folate forms including 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MT) and folic acid (FA). Additionally, a method for simultaneous measurement of tHCY, 5MT, and FA has been developed and validated. In collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mass spectrometric methods and methods used in clinical laboratories have been applied to characterize a new Standard Reference Material (SRM), SRM 1955, “Homocysteine and Folate in Human Serum,” containing low, medium, and high levels of tHCY and 5MT. Additionally, FA, 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5FT), vitamin B12, and total folate values are provided. Use of the new SRM should improve clinical measurements and will permit traceability to internationally recognized certified reference materials, as described by European Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices.
The digital pads of the tree frog, Hyla cinerea. I. The epidermis

Abstract As the digital pad cells grow from the germinal epithelium, the desmosomes on the distal surface oF tile cells become aligned and form pegs filled with tonofilaments on the surface of the outer row of cells. The outer pad cells are separated from each other distally, thus the cell and the pegs form two sizes of protrusions in series on the pad surface which can fit into substratum/irregularities. A dense material, apparently derived from transforming bodies in the cells, coats the plasma membrane of the surface cells, presumably to strengthen them.
Iridescence and its applications in thin-film conformal uniformity

Iridescence is structural color, as opposed to pigment, in which the color is a result of constructive or destructive interference of light traveling through periodic structures, where the thickness of each layer plays a critical role in the color observed. Bragg fibers are man-made cylindrical structures with periodic layer coatings, modeled after the atomic lattice structure found in naturally occurring crystals. Bragg layers with even a slight deviation of micrometers in its thickness can result in a non-uniform color, which is the basis of our study. A non-invasive approach was taken to best approximate the dominant wavelength of the reflected hues through the use of microscopic imaging. The RGB values present in the images were extracted, and transformed into new coordinates using matrix operations, from which we were able to estimate the dominant wavelengths present in the Bragg fiber.
The effect of U.K. incentives on R&D activities in U.S.-owned electronics companies in Scotland

The British Government provides numerous financial assistance programmes to assist electronics companies in funding investment projects, R&D activities, and applications of new technology. Interviews were conducted at fifteen U.S. electronics subsidiaries in Scotland to determine the effect of these government incentives in promoting technology and innovation. Results indicate that capital investment grants were widely used, but that financial aid schemes to encourage R&D and the adoption of advanced technology have no bearing on technical characteristics and decisions at the affiliates.
Assessment of video naturalness using time-frequency statistics

Successful video quality analysers make use of a reference video to compare against or by training on a database of human rated distorted videoes as priors, both of which are either not available or difficult to obtain in many practical scenarios. Although efforts have been made towards designing still picture quality analyzers that are ‘completely blind’ and do not require any prior training on, or exposure to, distorted images or human opinions of them [1], we are attempting to fill an important but challenging gap by designing a ‘completely blind’ video naturalness analyser. The principle of this new approach is based on the regularties observed in time-frequency relationships of natural vidoes across time. Our experimental results on the LIVE VQA (video quality assessment) database [2] show that, even with no prior knowledge, the new VQA algorithm performs better than the full reference (FR) quality measure PSNR. The approach is very lean in computational expense which makes it a very good candidate for real time signal processing applications.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is linked to insulin resistance and reversed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation.

Background— Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have reduced expression of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ in lung tissues, and deficiency of both has been linked to insulin resistance. ApoE deficiency leads to enhanced platelet-derived growth factor signaling, which is important in the pathobiology of PAH. We therefore hypothesized that insulin-resistant apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice would develop PAH that could be reversed by a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ agonist (eg, rosiglitazone). Methods and Results— We report that apoE−/− mice on a high-fat diet develop PAH as judged by elevated right ventricular systolic pressure. Compared with females, male apoE−/− were insulin resistant, had lower plasma adiponectin, and had higher right ventricular systolic pressure associated with right ventricular hypertrophy and increased peripheral pulmonary artery muscularization. Because male apoE−/− mice were insulin resistant and had more severe P...
Immune Modulation Associated with Extracorporeal Immunoadsorption Treatments Utilizing Protein A/Silica Columns

: The Prosorba column is designed for the removal of IgG and IgG containing immune complexes from plasma. Clinical studies employing patients presenting with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) indicate that this new form of therapy is effective in approximately 40% of treated patients. Responding patients exhibit a significant increase in platelet numbers associated with decreases in antiplatelet antibody and immune complexes suggesting the induction of immune modulation. Preliminary studies indicate that ITP patients presenting with antiplatelet IgG antibody are those most likely to respond. In addition, this subgroup of ITP patients also exhibit elevated levels of antiidiotypic IgG antibody, which may contribute to an exacerbation of the autoimmune process due to antigen mimicry of the platelet autoantigen. Interestingly, antiidiotypic IgG antibody levels appear to decrease in association with antiplatelet IgG autoantibody levels suggesting that removal of immune complexes composed of IgG autoantibody and platelet autoantigen and/or antiidiotypic IgG antibody may be related to the observed clinical responses. Additional studies with alloimmune patients refractory to platelet transfusion suggest that transfused platelet retention time may be increased as a consequence of immunoadsorption therapy. This clinical response appears to be related to decreases in IgG alloantibody, again suggesting the induction of immune modulation. Alloimmune thrombocytopenic patients also appear to present with elevated levels of antiidiotypic IgG antibody which may contribute to an exacerbation of the alloimmune process due to antigen mimicry of platelet alloantigen(s). Preliminary studies indicate that both IgG alloantibody and corresponding antiidiotypic IgG antibody levels appear to decrease during immunoadsorption therapy, which suggests that removal of these antibodies, possibly in the form of immune complexes, may be related to clinical responses. Finally, studies in rheumatoid arthritis patients suggest that immunoadsorption therapy may be of clinical benefit in this autoimmune disorder. Consistent with the results observed above, preliminary studies in patients responding to immunoadsorption treatments again suggest that there is a concomitant decrease in idiotypic IgG (rheumatoid factor) and antiidiotypic IgG antibodies levels during therapy.
Memory, Synapse Stability, and β-Adducin

In this issue of Neuron, two studies by Pielage et al. and Bednarek and Caroni suggest that the cytoskeleton regulator β-Adducin provides an activity-dependent switch controlling synapse disassembly and assembly at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the mouse hippocampus. In mice, the β-Adducin switch is required for the improvement of learning and memory induced by enriched environments.
Education and Beliefs About Gender Inequality

This paper considers competing claims regarding the role of education in intergroup relations generally and its role in shaping gender ideology in particular. The data presented indicate that education tends to have a greater positive impact on recognition of gender inequality than on endorsement of group-based remedies for such inequality. This pattern is consistent with the argument that education reproduces rather than challenges social inequality. In addition, in some attitudinal domains with employment-related content, education has a stronger effect on women's gender-related attitudes than on men's. This suggests that differing interests may shape the effect of education on men's versus women's attitudes and that education may offer women resources that encourage some change in their interpretation of their subordinate group status.
A technique for incorporating large‐scale climate information in basin‐scale ensemble streamflow forecasts

Received 5 July 2004; revised 25 February 2005; accepted 2 June 2005; published 18 October 2005. [1] Water managers throughout the western United States depend on seasonal forecasts to assist with operations and planning. In this study, we develop a seasonal forecasting model to aid water resources decision making in the Truckee-Carson River System. We analyze large-scale climate information that has a direct impact on our basin of interest to develop predictors to spring runoff. The predictors are snow water equivalent (SWE) and 500 mbar geopotential height and sea surface temperature (SST) ‘‘indices’’ developed in this study. We use local regression methods to provide ensemble (probabilistic) forecasts. Results show that the incorporation of climate information, particularly the 500 mbar geopotential height index, improves the skills of forecasts at longer lead times when compared with forecasts based on snowpack information alone. The technique is general and could be used to incorporate large-scale climate information into ensemble streamflow forecasts for other river basins.
Design alternatives for implementing fence synchronization in MPI-2 one-sided communication for InfiniBand clusters

Scientific computing has seen an immense growth in recent years. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming model for distributed memory systems. As the system scale increases, application writers often try to increase the overlap of computation and communication. The MPI-2 standard expanded MPI to include one-sided communication semantics that has the potential for overlapping computation with communication. In this model synchronization between processes needs to be done explicitly to ensure completion before using the data. Fence is one of the mechanisms of providing such synchronization in the one-sided model. In this paper, we study a set of different alternatives for designing the fence synchronization mechanisms. We analyze the various trade-offs of these designs on networks like InfiniBand that provide Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) capabilities. We propose a novel design for implementing fence synchronization that uses RDMA write with Immediate mechanism (Fence-Imm-RI) provided by InfiniBand networks. We then characterize the performance of different designs with various one-sided communication pattern microbenchmarks for both latency as well as overlap capability. The new Fence-Imm-RI scheme performs the best in scenarios that require low synchronization overhead as well as good overlap capability (close to 90% overlap for large messages) as opposed to the other designs that can provide either low synchronization overhead or good overlap capability.
Guanosine regulates adenosine levels in the kidney

In cell culture, extracellular guanosine increases extracellular adenosine by attenuating the disposition of extracellular adenosine (American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology 304: C406-C421, 2013). The goal of this investigation was to determine whether this "guanosine-adenosine mechanism" is operative in an intact organ. Twenty-seven isolated, perfused mouse kidneys were subjected to metabolic poisons (iodoacetate plus 2,4-dinitrophenol) to cause energy depletion and thereby stimulate renal adenosine production. Adenosine levels in the renal venous perfusate increased from a baseline of 36 ± 8 to 499 ± 96, 258 ± 50, and 71 ± 13 nmol/L at 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively, after administering metabolic poisons (% of basal; 1366 ± 229, 715 ± 128, and 206 ± 33, respectively). Changes in renal venous levels of guanosine closely mirrored the time course of changes in adenosine: baseline of 15 ± 2 to 157 ± 13, 121 ± 8, and 50 ± 5 nmol/L at 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively (% of basal; 1132 ± 104, 871 ± 59, and 400 ± 51, respectively). Freeze-clamp experiments in 12 kidneys confirmed that metabolic poisons increased kidney tissue levels of adenosine and guanosine. In eight additional kidneys, we examined the ability of guanosine to reduce the renal clearance of exogenous adenosine; and these experiments revealed that guanosine significantly decreased the renal extraction of adenosine. Because guanosine is metabolized by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase), in another set of 16 kidneys we examined the effects of 8-aminoguanine (PNPase inhibitor) on renal venous levels of adenosine and inosine (adenosine metabolite). Kidneys treated with 8-aminoguanine showed a more robust increase in both adenosine and inosine in response to metabolic poisons. We conclude that in the intact kidney, guanosine regulates adenosine levels.
Suicide risk in long-term care facilities: A systematic review

Objective Suicide risk is highest in later life, however, little is known about the risk of suicide among older adults in long-term care facilities (e.g., nursing homes, assisted living facilities). The goal of this paper is to review and synthesize the descriptive and analytic epidemiology of suicide in long-term care settings over the past 25 years.
Severe infection with encapsulated bacteria as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: two case reports and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Severe bacterial infection is an unusual initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Case presentation: We describe two cases of severe encapsulated bacterial infection in women with previously undiagnosed SLE. Conclusion: Hypocomplementaemia associated with SLE is an important infection risk and should be considered in the evaluation of patients who present with unusual and severe infection with encapsulated bacteria.
Transient Global Amnesia Associated With Cardiac Arrhythmia and Digitalis Intoxication

A 54-year-old woman with transient global amnesia (TGA) was found to have digitalisinduced bradyarrhythmia with atrioventricular dissociation. The amnesia cleared only upon resolution of the arrhythmia. Cardiac arrhythmia has been postulated as a cause, but TGA in the setting of cardiac arrhythmia has not been documented previously. Cardiac arrhythmia should be excluded in patients with TGA, and TGA, a syndrome diagnosed on clinical grounds alone, must be recognized as one possible manifestation of treatable, potentially serious cardiac or cerebrovascular disease.
Medical Pneumonectomy: Interventional Bronchoscopic and Endovascular Management of Massive Hemoptysis Due to Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm, a Consequence of Endobronchial Brachytherapy

Endobronchial brachytherapy serves as an excellent adjunct to standard external beam radiation therapy. The high dose of local radiation is still used to manage airway obstructions at some institutions, despite the well-known risks of airway fistulae to the esophagus or cardiovascular structures. A less reported complication is the development of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm into the mainstem bronchi. The formation of an arterial pseudoaneurysm can lead to massive hemoptysis, which often is fatal. We present a case of massive hemoptysis due to this complication of brachytherapy managed entirely through bronchoscopic and endovascular techniques.
Linearizable feedforward systems: A special class

We address the problem of linearizability of systems in feedforward form. In a recent paper, we completely solved the linearizability for strict feedforward systems. We extend here those results to a special class of feedforward systems. We provide an algorithm, along with explicit transformations, that linearizes the system by change of coordinates when some easily checkable conditions are met. We also re-analyze type II class of linearizable strict feedforward systems provided by Krstic and we show that this class is the unique linearizable among the class of quasi-linear strict feedforward systems. Our results allow an easy computation of the linearizing coordinates and thus provide a stabilizing feedback controller for the original system. They can also be implemented via software like Mathematica/Matlab/Maple using simple integrations, derivations of functions.
New Treatments for Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Challenges in new drug development for antiphospholipid syndrome include the controversy about the strength of association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and thrombotic events, and the unknown mechanism of aPL-induced thrombosis. In the long-term management of patients who have antiphospholipid syndrome, controlled studies with warfarin alternatives (such as antiplatelet agents), the new anticoagulant agents (such as direct and indirect thrombin inhibitors), and newer therapeutic agents are vital. It is highly possible that the current antithrombotic approach to patients who are aPL-positive will be replaced by a "more specifically targeted, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory" approach in the future.
A MEMS Coulter counter for cell monitoring and detection

A novel MEMS Coulter counter for cell monitoring and detection is designed, fabricated and tested in this paper. Microfabrication is employed to form a multilayered sandwich structure consisting of an SU-8 microchannel on a glass substrate covered by a PDMS lid. The microchannel is further divided into a passive mixing region, a focusing region using negative dielectrophoretic forces and a measuring region by multiple thick electroplated electrode pairs. The MEMS Coulter counter is used for detection and monitoring the impedance changes of cells as a function of time after mixing with different experimental extracellular environments. This paper presents the modeling of our design and testing results with fabricated devices.
EFFECTS OF BICARBONATE ION ON CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE TRANSIENTS AND DELAYED LIGHT EMISSION FROM MAIZE CHLOROPLASTS

Using high-intensity actinic light, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient from HC0,-- depleted chloroplasts shows a rapid initial rise (0 + 1) followed by a slow phase (I + P). In the presence of HC0,-, the 0 -+ I rise is delayed but the I + P phase is much more rapid. Using low- intensity actinic light, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient from 3-(3.4-dichlorophenyI)- I, I dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated chloroplasts is delayed in the presence of HC0,-. Bicarbonate in- creases the amount of delayed light emission from chloroplasts given 10 s illumination with weak blue light (0.4 W/m2)). DCMU greatly increases the amount of delayed light seen in the presence of HC03- under these conditions but decreases the amount seen in the absence of HCO,-. It is suggested that HCO:3- may somehow form or stabilize, in the dark, a number of reaction centers corresponding to the S, state in the model of B. Forbush, B. Kok and M. McGloin (Photochem. Phoiobiol. 14, 307-321, 1971).
The Prophet's Pulpit: Islamic Preaching In Contemporary Egypt

The Prophet's Pulpit: Islamic Preaching In Contemporary Egypt Patrick D. Gaffney. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. viii. 367 pp., maps, tables, notes, appendixes, bibliography, index.
Use of wavelets for out of step blocking function of distance relays

Out of step blocking function in distance relays is required to distinguish between a power swing and a fault. Detection of symmetrical faults during power swings can present a challenge. In cases when the values of the apparent impedances seen by a distance relay before and after a three-phase fault during a power swing are very close, most of the proposed schemes can run into problems. If such values fall into zone-1 of the relay, not only the detection, but the speed of detection is also crucial. This paper introduces wavelet analysis to detect power swings as well as reliably and quickly detect a symmetrical fault during a power swing. Total number of dyadic wavelet levels of voltage/current waveforms and the choice of particular levels for such detection are carefully studied. Different power swing conditions and fault instants are simulated with PSCAD/EMTDC/spl reg/ software to test the proposed methodology.
A novel DFE using a priori information in turbo equalization

Original turbo equalization, using a trellis-based channel equalizer and channel decoder, improves the bit error rate performance significantly. However, given that large alphabet modulation is employed in the system with multipath channels causing significant inter-symbol interference (ISI), the optimal maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) equalizer is prohibitively complex. Therefore, sub-optimum equalizers such as decision feedback equalizer (DFE) have to be considered. The gain in BER offered by an iterative receiver when using DFE is, however, limited by error propagation. In this paper, we propose a novel low complexity DFE algorithm to replace the BER-optimal MAP equalizer in turbo equalization without loss in BER performance. This is accomplished by extracting and delivering the extrinsic information as a priori information for the detection and decoding step. According to both analytical and simulation results, we show that the performance of the proposed modified DFE algorithm significantly improves BER performance over conventional DFE based turbo equalization.
"The public is part of the audience": Information access for citizens, democratic accountability, and climate change science

Information access has been identified by several scholars as an important research area within information science; with intellectual, physical, and social components, genuine access to information can be difficult to secure. According to the theory of democratic accountability, information access is particularly important for citizens in a democracy, who must have access to public policy information—and the information that informs policy decisions—in order to hold their elected officials accountable. This research conducted two case studies into the accessibility of climate change research utilizing qualitative semi-structured interviews. Respondents indicated that citizens’ intellectual, physical, and social access to the information in question was curtailed, thereby hindering their ability to practice democratic accountability. This research extends previous work done in information access and scientific research and demonstrates a need for further investigation into citizens’ access to government and scientific information.
MS-14PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT ATYPICAL MENINGIOMA AFTER UPFRONT SURGICAL RESECTION SALVAGED WITH RADIOSURGERY REQUIRE MORE SALVAGE PROCEDURES THAN PATIENTS SALVAGED WITH CONVENTIONAL RADIATION

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal salvage radiation treatment for recurrent atypical (WHO grade II) meningiomas after upfront surgery alone. METHODS: 35 patients (1997-2013) were treated at the Cleveland Clinic for histologically confirmed atypical meningiomas with upfront surgery alone and eventually required salvage radiation for recurrence. Patients were treated with either fractionated conventional radiation (RT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Patients were grouped into a gross total resection group (GTR) or a subtotal resection group (STR) based on Simpson grade and operative notes. Local failure (LF) was defined as failure at or immediately adjacent to the resection cavity. Univariate analysis and Cox regression modeling was used for statistical analysis. Kaplan-Meier and log rank tests were used for survival analysis. RESULTS: Median age and follow up were 62 years (range 30-77) and 28 mo (range: 10-240), respectively. 23 patients received salvage RT and 12 had SRS. Median total dose for RT and SRS were 5940 cGy (range: 2500 - 6000) and 1400 cGy (range: 1000 - 1800), respectively. 10/23 patients (43.4%) experienced LF in the RT group and 8/12 patients (66.7%) experienced LF in the SRS group. Extent of initial resection (STR vs GTR, p = 0.12), number of pre-salvage radiation surgeries (1 vs 2 + , p = 0.79), and choice of salvage (RT vs SRS, p = 0.96) did not correlate with local relapse-free survival (LRFS). The number of additional salvage procedures after radiation (post-RT salvage) was significantly different (p = 0.02) between the RT (mean: 0.52 ± 1.1) and SRS groups (mean: 1.33 ± 1.3). OS was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.32). CONCLUSION: Patients initially salvaged with SRS were more likely to require additional salvage procedures, suggesting that the entire resection bed is at risk for recurrence and comprehensive radiation may be necessary. SRS can be used to salvage recurrence after salvage RT.
Transplacental Chemical Induction of Microencephaly in Two Strains of Rats. I

SummaryAn experimental model for successful chemical induction of microencephaly is described. Methylazoxymethanol, the aglycone of cycasin, when administered to rats at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight on day 14 or 15 of pregnancy, uniformly produces microencephaly in all litter mates. This effect occurs independent of the strain of rats used and is highly reproducible. The condition is not associated with microsplanchnia and appears to be limited to the cortical hemispheres of the brain. Preliminary pathologic studies indicate a marked cytotoxic effect of the chemical on the neuroblast. Gliomas have occurred in about 10% of microencephalic rats permitted to live beyond 1 year.
The Multivariate Roles of Family Instability and Interparental Conflict in Predicting Children’s Representations of Insecurity in the Family System and Early School Adjustment Problems

This study examined the moderating role of family instability in relations involving destructive interparental conflict, children's internal representations of insecurity in the family system, and their early school maladjustment. Two hundred forty-three preschool children (M age = 4.60 years; 56 % girls) and their families participated in this multi-method (i.e., observations, structured interview, surveys) multi-informant (i.e., observer, parent, teacher), longitudinal study. Findings indicated that the mediational role of children's insecure family representations in the pathway between destructive interparental conflict and children's adjustment problems varied significantly depending on the level of family instability. Interparental conflict was specifically associated with insecure family representations only under conditions of low family instability. In supporting the role of family instability as a vulnerable-stable risk factor, follow up analyses revealed that children's concerns about security in the family were uniformly high under conditions of heightened instability regardless of their level of exposure to interparental conflict.
Effects of total flavonoids from the leaves of Myrica rubra on cultured rat cortical neurons during combined oxygen and glucose deprivation

Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoids from the leaves of Myrica rubra on the primary cultured rat cortical neurons during combined oxygen and glucose deprivation.Methods Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were randomly divided into the normal control group,the model group and total flavonoids from the leaves of Myrica rubra on low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose(100 mg·L-1,10 mg·L-1,1 mg·L-1)group.The cortical neurons viability was determined by MTT assay.LDH leakage,concentration of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),the intracellular levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdelyde(MDA)production were assessed by chromatometry.Results Total flavonoids treatment significantly reduced LDH leakage,H2O2,MDA production and increased the cell viability and SOD levels in cortical neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation.Conclusions The results indicate that total flavonoids from the leaves of Myrica rubra strongly protect primary cultured neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced oxidative stress.
Dense granule trafficking in Toxoplasma gondii requires a unique class 27 myosin and actin filaments

The survival of Toxoplasma gondii within its host cell requires protein release from vesicles, called dense granules (DGs). Through imaging of the motions of DGs in live intracellular parasites, it...
Current Status of Skin Substitutes

Viable human allograft is the best skin prosthesis available but it leaves much to be desired. Characteristics of skin substitutes can be defined and measured, resulting in a rational approach to design and testing of synthetic skin substitutes. Thin silicone polymer and modified plastic membranes, collagen films, and adherent methacrylate polymer applied by a spray technique are the most promising materials at present.
Integrating Mental Health Services through Reimbursement Reform and Managed Mental Health Care

People with serious and persistent mental illness require a range of community services typically provided by different specialized agencies. At the clinical level, assertive team case management is the strategy commonly used to achieve integration of services across specialized sectors. The USA also has used various financial and organizational approaches to reduce fragmentation and increase effectiveness, including development of stronger public mental health authorities, use of financial incentives to change professional and institutional behavior, requirements to allocate savings from hospital closures to community systems of care, and introduction of mental health managed care on a broad scale. These approaches have potential but also significant problems and there is often a large gap between theory and implementation. These US developments are discussed with attention to the implications for mental health services in the UK.
Practitioner to Academic: An Interdisciplinary View from Both Sides of the Looking Glass

I can trace my interest in urban places back to childhood but my career path took several turns as I progressed from a geographer concerned about neighborhood change to a career studying why crime happens where it does. Along the way, I had the opportunity to experience the research process as a practitioner and an academic. This chapter traces my development as an interdisciplinary scholar and offers some observations from both sides of the looking glass.
Guest work as sex work: Some preliminary thoughts on Margaret Radin and black women selling sex across borders

International development policymakers persistently struggle to formulate policies to aid the increasing number of poor and jobless women in developing economies. These efforts are especially urgent because the global financial crisis has displaced many women from the "real" economies of developing countries. Across the developing world, governments have been implementing structural reforms through austerity measures. In developing countries, these measures have consistently led to rising unemployment rates associated with the closing of local firms and - as government seeks to contain their burgeoning debts - the downsizing of government workers.
Intimate Partner Violence Fatalities in the United States

Intimate partner violence fatalities refers to the murder of one member of a couple or ex-couple by the other. Intimate partner violence fatalities may occur among people who are married, cohabiting, simply dating, or ex-partners. It is the most severe outcome of physical violence: homicide. Intimate partner violence fatalities can be intentional or result from a severe beating that may last minutes or hours and that leaves the victim dead. Keywords: family; feminism; homicide; intimate partner violence; violence
Do Investors Value Securitization Activities: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract We perform an empirically analysis on how investors in stock market and bond market react to the issuances of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securitizations issued by different entities. Using standard an event study method, we find that securitization activities are generally associated with negative abnormal returns in the stock market. This is true for both asset-backed and mortgage-backed securitizations. Further, we partition the sample according to the time period of securitizations. We find in the 1988–1997 time span, the overall stock market reaction to securitization is insignificantly different from zero. The negative relation is mainly driven by securitization activities during the 1998–2007 time span. We report that banking capitalization has an important implication for the stock market reaction to a sample of securitizations issued by banking institutions. Our regression results indicate that the size of the sponsor plays an important certification role and is positively associated with announcement returns. In addition, frequent participants in the securitization market experience unfavorable reactions on the announcement of securitizations. Our results from bond market indicate that bondholders of asset sellers experience positive excess returns on the announcement of securitizations.
Incorporating Development Into Evolutionary Psychology: Evolved Probabilistic Cognitive Mechanisms

Developmental thinking is gradually becoming integrated within mainstream evolutionary psychology. This is most apparent with respect to the role of parenting, with proponents of life history theor...
Noun complement clauses as referential modifiers

A number of recent analyses propose that so-called noun complement clauses should be analyzed as a type of relative clause. In this paper, I present a number of complications for any analysis that equates noun complement clauses to relative clauses, and conclude that this type of analysis is on the wrong track. I present cross-linguistic evidence showing that the syntactic behavior of noun complement clauses does not pattern with relative clauses. Patterns of complementizer choice and complementizer drop as well as patterns involving main clause phenomena and extraction differ in the two constructions, which I argue is unexpected under a relative clause analysis that involves operator movement. Instead I present an alternative analysis in which I propose that the referentiality of a noun complement clause is linked to its syntactic behavior. Following recent work, I claim that referential clauses have a syntactically truncated left-periphery, and this truncation can account for the lack of main clause phenomena in noun complement clauses. I argue that the truncation analysis is also able to accommodate complementizer data patterns more easily than relative clause analyses that appeal to operator movement.
Analysis of the partially closed interface crack in orthotropic materials

The determination of fracture parameters such as mode I and II stress intensity factors, KI and KII, is of considerable practical importance in the analysis and failure prediction of various types ...
A Qualitative Evaluation of a Fitness and Nutrition-Focused Wellness Program

Nutrition education interventions have shown some effectiveness at promoting healthy diets. However, qualitative investigations might enhance understanding of factors that facilitate behavior change. The purpose of this study was to explore factors that facilitate behavior change among participants of a nutrition intervention for underserved citizens in Southern California. A focus group with eight participants suggested themes that included changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and skills; successful program components; and applied knowledge. Participants valued hands-on learning and indicated use of new food selection and preparation skills outside of class. The results of this program suggest that further study of community-based dietary interventions in varied settings and with larger samples is needed.
Predictors of Seizure Recurrence and Longitudinal Outcome after Epilepsy Surgery (P04.198)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate seizure recurrence and longitudinal outcome after epilepsy surgery. BACKGROUND: Although studies have shown favorable results at fixed intervals after epilepsy surgery, the longitudinal outcome remains poorly understood. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients who underwent epilepsy surgery between January 2009 and August 2012, and extracted relevant characteristics. We defined outcome as favorable (Engel I/II) or unfavorable (III/IV) at 6-month, 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. We evaluated outcome using univariate and survival analyses. RESULTS: Among 48 operated patients (21-68 years, 25 male), there were 37 (77%) temporal and 11 (23%) extratemporal resections. Intracranial monitoring and intraoperative electrocorticography were done in 7 and 23 patients respectively. Mean epilepsy duration was 15 years. MRI was normal in 10 (21%), abnormal in 38 (79%); abnormalities included MTS (n=22), tumor (n=5), other (n=11). In 4, abnormalities extended beyond the intended resection. In 44 patients with a 6-month minimum follow-up, outcome at last follow-up (mean 17 months) was favorable in 82% (n=36, temporal 30, extratemporal 6) and unfavorable in 18% (n=8, temporal 3, extratemporal 5). Extratemporal seizure onset predicted unfavorable outcome at 1 and 2 years (p=0.035, 0.037). Discordance between EEG onset and resection (p=0.108), and presence of widespread MRI lesions (p=0.065) tended to predict unfavorable outcome only at 2 years. Outcome was not associated with age, gender, history of generalized seizures, epilepsy duration, preoperative seizure frequency, Wada memory impairment, interictal EEG, lesional status or pathology. Presumed reasons for unfavorable outcome were inadequate seizure focus localization and incomplete resection. Survival analysis showed that the chance of recurrence was lower for temporal than extratemporal resections (p=0.001, logrank test). At 1 year, recurrence risk leveled off for temporal resections but not for extratemporal resections. CONCLUSIONS: Extratemporal epilepsy, discordant EEG and widespread MRI abnormalities can be associated with unfavorable outcome. One year seizure freedom supports future seizure freedom after temporal resections. Disclosure: Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Agostini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ding has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Madden has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mickey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Van Ness has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Archives of Neurology editorial board. Dr. Van Ness has received research support from NeuroPace, UCB Pharma & Sunovian Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Modur has received research support from UCB, Upsher-Smith and Eisai.
Resource or Hindrance? The benefits and costs of social support for functional difficulties and its implications for depressive symptoms.

Objectives:The impact of social support on the relationship between stress and well-being remains somewhat inconclusive, with work suggesting either null, buffering, or amplification effects. The c...
Relationship quality among young gay and bisexual men in consensual nonmonogamous relationships

Consensual nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships (e.g., open relationships) are common among adult gay and bisexual men, and thus, younger gay and bisexual men may also engage in consensual nonmonogamy...
Synapse maintenance is impacted by ATAT-2 tubulin acetyltransferase activity and the RPM-1 signaling hub

Synapse formation is comprised of target cell recognition, synapse assembly, and synapse maintenance. Maintaining established synaptic connections is essential for generating functional circuitry and synapse instability is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. While many molecules impact synapse formation generally, we know little about molecules that affect synapse maintenance in vivo. Using genetics and developmental time course analysis in C.elegans, we show that the α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT-2 and the signaling hub RPM-1 are required presynaptically to maintain stable synapses. Importantly, the enzymatic acetyltransferase activity of ATAT-2 is required for synapse maintenance. Our analysis revealed that RPM-1 is a hub in a genetic network composed of ATAT-2, PTRN-1 and DLK-1. In this network, ATAT-2 functions independent of the DLK-1 MAPK and likely acts downstream of RPM-1. Thus, our study reveals an important role for tubulin acetyltransferase activity in presynaptic maintenance, which occurs via the RPM-1/ATAT-2 pathway.
Safety and feasibility of nephrectomy after receipt of immune checkpoint inhibitors for renal cell carcinoma.

619Background: With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the role, timing, and safety of surgically excising the primary tumor remain unclea...
Cigarette Smoke Extract Activates Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase-Positive Macrophage.

Background It has been reported that smoking is one of the strongest positive risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Although many studies have been directed to decipher the effect of smoking on AAA, its effect on macrophage activation has not yet been explored. Objectives We have reported the importance of osteoclastogenesis (OCG) in aneurysm formation. Therefore, we examined the effect of cigarette smoking on OCG and arterial aneurysmal formation by using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in this study. Methods Macrophage cell lines were stimulated with CSE, and their activation and differentiation were examined in vitro. Since macrophages activated through the OCG pathway are identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression, these cells are referred to as TRAP-positive macrophages (TPMs) in this study. We also applied CSE-contained PBS in the calcium chloride-induced mouse carotid aneurysm model in vivo. Results Macrophages stimulated with CSE expressed significantly higher levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), TRAP, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and membrane-type metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). CSE-treated mouse aneurysms showed increased aneurysm size with increased TPM infiltration and protease expression compared to non-CSE-treated mouse aneurysms. Conclusions These results suggest that CSE intensifies OCG in macrophages and promotes arterial aneurysmal progression.
Incidence and prognostic impact of KRAS and BRAF mutations in patients undergoing liver surgery for colorectal metastases.

3616 Background: Molecular biomarkers offer the potential for refining prognostic determinants in patients undergoing cancer surgery. Among patients with colorectal cancer metastases, KRAS and BRAF...
Use of AC Faraday rotation as a complementary technique in material characterization

Magnetic measurements like Hall Effect, etc. have a long history of providing useful information related to material characterization. Here, we study glasses using a very sensitive AC Faraday rotation (FR) setup to show that magneto-optic techniques can also be utilized to study types of samples that are not necessarily known for their magnetic response. Samples included in this study are widely used in technological and research applications ranging from microscopy to solar cell applications. The experimental setup employs a stabilized He-Ne lase (633 nm) along with AC magnetic field that enables lock-in detection. We investigate a series of glass samples that include borosilicate glass (BSG) and quartz subjected to UV treatment and glass with transparent conducting oxide films (TCO). The TCO samples include the more widely used Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and the relatively newer Fluorine doped Tin Oxide films, usually referred to as FTO. Various other measurements like absorbance, four-point probe, and ellipsometry have been conducted on these samples as well. We mention the results of these measurements in conjunction with FR measurements, where needed. This work is focused on reporting novel results. A much more comprehensive manuscript is under preparation that explores the deeper connections between FR and the above-mentioned measurements.