cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ACRIDINE ORANGE VIABILITY TEST APPLIED TO BONE MARROW CELLS. II. CORRELATION WITH AN IN VIVO IRRADIATED MOUSE ASSAY.

Summary The acridine orange (A-O) cell viability test and the dye exclusion tests using eosin and trypan blue are compared with the survival rate of lethally irradiated mice in an effort to prediet cell viability of marrow preserved by freezing for periods up to 12 months. A-O, eosin, and trypan blue tests compare favorably in estimating the degree of viability of the thawed specimens. However, only the A-O test is useful in indicating which type of marrow cell is viable, and thus allows a more preeise estimate of the effectiveness of frozen marrow to protect against the effects of lethal X-ray treatment. In these studies the marrow “lymphoeyte” appears to be more resistant to prolonged storage than other mature cells.
Teaching and assessing residents' skills in managing heroin addiction with objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs).

ABSTRACT Background: Heroin-abusing patients present a significant challenge. Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) allow evaluation of residents’ clinical skills. The objective of this study was to examine residents’ OSCE performance assessing and managing heroin abuse. Methods: Evaluation and comparison of heroin-specific communication, assessment, and management skills in a 5-station postgraduate year 3 (PGY3) substance abuse OSCE. Faculty used a 4-point Likert scale to assess residents’ skills; standardized patients provided written comments. Results: Two hundred sixty-five internal and family medicine residents in an urban university hospital participated over 5 years. In the heroin station, residents’ skills were better (P < .001 for both comparisons) in communication (mean overall score: 316 ± 0.51) than in either assessment (mean overall score: 2.66 ± 0.60) or management (mean overall score: 2.50 ± 0.73). The mean score for assessing specific high-risk behaviors was lower than the mea...
Synthesis of multi-dimensional applications in VHDL

The VHDL language is considered to be an important standard among the hardware description tools. Most of the existing loop optimization techniques that consider the parallelism inherent to multi-dimensional problems depend on loop transformations not available in the current VHDL Synthesis products. This study presents a coding technique on modeling multi-dimensional (nested) loops on VHDL, where pre-processor tools can rewrite the VHDL instructions in such a way that the optimized design can be synthesized. This new approach is expected to improve the VHDL design cycle by including multidimensional signal processing and other common applications in the scope of the VHDL Synthesis tools.
Ossifying metaplasia of urothelial metastases: original case with review of the literature

Ossifying metaplasia is an unusual feature of urothelial carcinoma, with only a few cases reported. The largest series included 17 cases and was published in 1991. The mechanism of ossification is unknown and hypotheses of osteogenic precursor cells, inducing bone formation, are proposed. A 75 year-old patient was treated for a high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histology showed foci of bone metaplasia, both at the periphery of the tumor, and in a lymph node metastasis. 1 year later, a heterotopic bone formation was discovered in the right retroperitoneal space, near the lumbar spine, increasing rapidly in size during follow-up. Several imaging exams were performed (2 CT, 1 MRI, 1 Pet-CT), but in the absence of typical features of sarcoma, diagnosis remained unclear. Histology of a CT-guided percutaneous biopsy showed urothelial carcinoma and mature lamellar bone. Integration of these findings with the radiological description of extraosseous localization was consistent with a diagnosis of osseous metaplasia of an urothelial carcinoma metastasis. The absence of bone atypia in both the primary and metastases argues against sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation. Osseous metaplasia of an urothelial carcinoma metastasis is unusual, and difficult to distinguish from radiotherapy induced sarcoma, or from sarcomatoid carcinoma. Rapid progression, sheathing of adjacent structures such as vessels (like inferior vena cava in our case) and nerves and bony feature of lymph node metastases necessitate histological confirmation and rapid treatment. Our case illustrates this disease and evaluates the imaging features. In addition we discuss the differential diagnosis of osseous retroperitoneal masses.
Even mark modulation for optical recording

A novel modulation coding technique, even mark modulation (EMM), is proposed and shown to improve the performance of input-restricted partial-response class I and II optical recording channels. The coding technique produces a spectral null in the code power spectrum which coincides with the zero in the partial-response channel transfer functions at one-half the symbol frequency. This matched spectral null property of the code signals provides coding gains of 3 dB and 4 dB, respectively, compared to the uncoded input-restricted channels. Viterbi detection algorithms are derived which realize the theoretical gains with reduced complexity trellis structures. A rate 2/3 sliding block code satisfying the EMM constraints is described, and bit-by-bit simulation results confirm the predicted gains. >
Pathophysiology of hypertension in pre-eclampsia: a lesson in integrative physiology

Despite being one of the leading causes of maternal death and a major contributor of maternal and perinatal morbidity, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia have yet to be fully elucidated. However, it is evident that this is a complex disorder involving multiple organ systems, and by using integrative approaches, enormous progress has been made towards understanding the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Growing evidence supports the concept that the placenta plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and that reduced uteroplacental perfusion, which develops as a result of abnormal cytotrophoblast invasion of spiral arterioles, triggers the cascade of events leading to the maternal disorder. Placental ischaemia leads to release of soluble placental factors, many of which are classified as anti-angiogenic or pro-inflammatory. Once these ischaemic placental factors reach the maternal circulation, they cause widespread activation and dysfunction of the maternal vascular endothelium that results in enhanced formation of endothelin-1 and superoxide, increased vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II and decreased formation of vasodilators such as nitric oxide. This review highlights these links between placental ischaemia, maternal endothelial activation and renal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hypertension in pre-eclampsia.
Effects of phencyclidine on shock-induced aggression in rats

The effects of phencyclidine were assessed under two distinctive paradigms. In a traditional laboratory assay where pairs of rats received intermittent foot shocks, phencyclidine at doses of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg decreased the number of shock-elicited fighting bouts in dose-dependent fashion. Similar dose-dependent decreases in biting were also observed under a procedure where single restrained rats received intermittent tail shocks, which evoked biting of an inanimate target.
Erratum to “Sexual dimorphism in desiccation responses of the sand scorpion Smeringurus mesaensis (Vaejovidae)” [J. Insect Physiol. 54 (5) (2008) 798–805]

Fig. 3. Mean ( S.E.) hepatopancreas water content (expressed as % of total body water content) of male and female S. mesaensis, as a function of experimental mass loss Relative hepatopancreas water content of females was significantly higher than that of males (ANOVA of arcsine-transformed %, p < 0.001). Relative hepatopancreas water con in both males and females decreases during prolonged desiccation (p < 0.01).
Fabric structure and mold curvature effects on preform permeability and mold filling in the RTM process. Part II. Predictions and comparisons with experiments

Abstract In Part I, an experimental study was completed in a series of five molds, each having corners of different radii (from 0.06 to 8.0 in.). The primary goal of this work has been to determine whether corners in LCM molds significantly affect the filling process, by altering the structure of the preform locally in such regions. Consistent trends were found for each series of experiments completed in the mold, for which the same preform type, and number of layers were used. For constant flow rate injection, the required injection pressures to fill the two molds with tighter radii was significantly increased as compared to the other molds. Composite parts were manufactured in these molds, measurements made on these parts revealing design flaws, the cavity thicknesses not being equal in all sections of the molds. Several numerical simulations are presented in this paper, the goal being to separate any effects due to the varying thicknesses from effects due to the corners present. Careful simulations have been completed, taking into account the actual thicknesses in each mold, and the resulting preform volume fraction. Experimentally measured permeability data was employed, and the predicted injection pressures match very well for all four molds studied, seeming to indicate that the corners present have not affected the filling. A simple model for preform compression in corners has been developed, which predicts local permeability modifications due to in-plane compression of the fabric layers. These predictions have been employed in conjunction with an existing tool to analytically predict the permeability components of a preform in a flat cavity. This code requires from the user a geometrical model of a preform unit cell, this data being measured from samples cut from the parts manufactured. The resulting predictions for injection pressure are good for an entirely predictive approach, underpredicting experimental values by only 30–60%. Sensitivity analyses have demonstrated the strong relationship between permeability and the details of the preform cell. Two numerical studies were completed to determine how sensitive the injection pressure curves are to reduced permeabilities in the corner regions. For the two injection schemes having two different gate locations, pressures were not significantly affected, while the permeabilities in this region were reduced up to 100 times. Though the molds used were not ideal for isolating effects on mold filling due to corner radii, the evidence presented does not show the existence of any strong behavior related to mold radii.
Airy Sums, Kloosterman Sums, and Salié Sums☆

Abstract We prove an identity between Airy sums and Salie sums, extending a Duke–Iwaniec result.
Beneficial effect of oestrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in women with coronary artery disease

Oestradiol-17 beta causes relaxation of isolated coronary arteries and increases blood flow in several vascular beds in human beings and animals. Oestrogen replacement therapy is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, but the acute effects of oestradiol-17 beta on myocardial ischaemia are unknown. We have studied the acute effect of sublingual oestradiol-17 beta on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in eleven women (mean age 58 [SD 8] years) with coronary artery disease. The women did two treadmill exercise tests on separate days; 40 min before the test they took sublingual oestradiol-17 beta (1 mg) or placebo, in random order. Plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentrations were confirmed to be higher after sublingual oestradiol-17 beta than after placebo (2531 [1192] vs 155 [168] pmol/L, p < 0.001). Oestradiol-17 beta increased both time to 1 mm ST depression (456 [214] vs 579 [191] s, p < 0.004; difference of medians 92 [95% CI 46-254]) and total exercise time (569 [249] vs 658 [193] s, p < 0.01; difference 54 [10-212]). Acute administration of oestradiol-17 beta therefore has a beneficial effect on myocardial ischaemia in women with coronary artery disease. This effect may be due to a direct coronary-relaxing effect, to peripheral vasodilation, or to a combination of these mechanisms. Oestradiol-17 beta may prove to be a useful adjunct to the treatment of angina in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease.
Extraction of two-photon contributions to the proton form-factors

Significant discrepancies have been observed between proton form factors as measured by Rosenbluth separation and polarization transfer techniques. There are indications that this difference may be caused by corrections to the one-photon exchange approximation that are not taken into account in standard radiative correction procedures. In this paper, we constrain the two-photon amplitudes by combining data from Rosenbluth, polarization transfer, and positron-proton scattering measurements. This allows a rough extraction of these two-photon effects in elastic electron-proton scattering and provides an improved extraction of the proton electromagnetic form factors.
Perineorrhaphy: Commonly Performed Yet Poorly Understood: A Survey of Surgeons

Introduction and hypothesis Perineorrhaphy is performed for the prevention of recurrent prolapse, improved sexual function, treatment of pain, and cosmesis. Its use is based on expert opinion with few objective data. We aimed to describe factors that are important to surgeons when deciding to perform perineorrhaphy and variations in surgical technique.
An inexpensive high pressure optical absorption cell for IR-VIS-UV studies

This contribution describes an optical cell suitable for high pressure studies between at least -130 degrees and 150 degrees which can be assembled for about $50 and is simple to use.
Stability analysis of the Ortloff-Ives equation

The unstable conclusion drawn by Ortloff & Ives of the cylinder motion in a viscous stream is shown to be incorrect. Furthermore, a region of stable solution is derived in the parameter space defined by the normal and tangential drag coefficients.
A three-dimensional model of cell movement in multicellular systems

A mathematical model for cell movement in multicellular systems has been developed that allows us to simulate and visualize, in three dimensions, individual cell movements in a number of multicellular systems. These include cell movement during aggregation and slug stage of Dictyostelium discoideum, embryogenesis, limb formation and wound healing. The model is quite adaptable to a number of systems, due to the way it is designed. The building blocks of the model are individual cells, where each cell has certain given properties that are not necessarily the same for all cells. The basic properties are that a cell can deform under force (either stretch or compress), while conserving its volume, it adheres to other cells and it can generate an active motive force. The response of a cell depends on its internal parameter state, and on the information it receives from its external environment, which includes neighbor cells, the extracellular matrix and chemical signals. The net force on a cell is calculated by summing up all the forces that a cell experiences at its surroundings. Each cell is then moved and deformed according to the equations of motion and deformation. Finally, the net movement of all the cells gives the collective movement of the entire tissue. Here we introduce this model and show examples of its applications and compare the results with experimental data. In the first simulations, we show how different cell types can be sorted out based solely on differences in adhesion. We compare our results to cell sorting experiments done by Steinberg and co-workers [R.A. Foty, C.M. Pfleger, G. Forgacs, M.S. Steinberg, Development 122 (1996) 1611–1620; M.S. Steinberg, Reconstruction of tissues by dissociated cells, Science 141 (1963) 3579] using values for adhesion within the range of the experimental values, and show that the model reproduces the experiments very well. We also present results from simulations of Dictyostelium movements. We first modeled the aggregation stage, where cells are aggregating chemotactically, towards a signaling center, in response to cAMP waves. In these simulations one can observe stream formation and how the mound arises due to the inward motion of the cells towards the signaling center. Later we studied simulations of 2D slugs, and compared them to observations of 2D slugs done by Bonner [J.T. Bonner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 9355–9359]. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Best of Times, the Worst of Times

The recent tragic death of a young gene therapy patient has marred the field of gene therapy research. Yet, as [Anderson][1] explains in a Perspective, encouraging new results from a study in which a severe immunodeficiency disease is corrected in two infants by delivery of the defective gene ([ Cavazzana-Calvo et al .][2]) have brought cautious optimism back to the gene therapy field. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5466/627 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5466/669
Time-varying tip-sample force measurements and steady-state dynamics in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy

Direct time-varying tip-sample force measurements by torsional harmonic cantilevers facilitate detailed investigations of the cantilever dynamics in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Here, we report experimental evidence that the mathematical relationships describing the steady-state dynamics are quantitatively satisfied by the independent measurements of tip-sample forces over a broad range of experimental conditions. These results confirm the existing understanding of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy and build confidence on the reliability of time-varying tip-sample force measurements by the torsional harmonic cantilevers.
The 115Sn, 117Sn and 119Sn nuclear spin-rotation constants in stannous monoxide, SnO, and a new multi-isotopomer analysis

Abstract A Fourier transform microwave spectrometer has been used to make high resolution measurements on the J = 1–0 rotational transition for 11 isotopomers of SnO. For the most abundant isotopomer the transition was observed in the v = 0, 1, 2, and 3 states. Magnetic hyperfine structure was observed in the transitions for 115 Sn 16 O, 117 Sn 16 O and 119 Sn 16 O. The nuclear spin-rotation constant C I (Sn) has been determined for these isotopomers for the first time and these constants have been related to nmr shielding parameters. A multi-isotopomer analysis, including data from the 120 Sn 17 O and 120 Sn 18 O isotopomers, has been performed on the data. Born–Oppenheimer breakdown parameters were required in the fit and these parameters have been compared to those for the other Sn-chalcogenides.
Effects of residential location and work-commuting on long-term work disability

Purpose Little is known about the independent effect of workers’ residential location and work-commuting on their long-term disability due to work-related injuries. We examined 149,110 incident claims while adjusting for multiple risk factors in a large, population-based sample of Washington State workers’ compensation State Fund claims during 2002–2008. Methods Claimants’ residential addresses were geocoded with census tract and aggregated into four category classification of the Rural Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCAs) which takes into account for tract-level work-commuting. We used logistic regressions to assess the association between RUCAs and whether or not a person was off work for more than 180 days due to injury; Quantile regressions to predict various percentiles of cumulative lost workdays by RUCAs. Results Compared to those who live in the Urban Core, workers in other areas experienced longer average paid time loss days due to work-related injury. The association between residential location and long-term disability was significant, odds ratio (OR) 1.19 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.27) for residents of Small Town and Isolated Rural and OR 1.17 (95 % CI 1.12–1.22) for those of Sub Urban, and persisted after controlling for injury nature, socio-demographic, employment-related, and claim administrative characteristics. The impact of residential location and work-commuting elevated as the duration of disability increased. Conclusions This study shows that residential location and work-commuting has a significant and time-varying impact on duration of work disability. Workers living in Sub Urban and Small Town and Isolated Rural areas represent a particularly vulnerable group with respect to risk of long-term work disability.
Enhancement of mechanical Q factors by optical trapping.

The quality factor of a mechanical resonator is an important figure of merit for various sensing applications and for observing quantum behavior. Here, we demonstrate a technique to push the quality factor of a micromechanical resonator beyond conventional material and fabrication limits by using an optical field to stiffen or trap a particular motional mode. Optical forces increase the oscillation frequency by storing most of the mechanical energy in a nearly lossless optical potential, thereby strongly diluting the effect of material dissipation. By placing a 130 nm thick SiO_2 pendulum in an optical standing wave, we achieve an increase in the pendulum center-of-mass frequency from 6.2 to 145 kHz. The corresponding quality factor increases 50-fold from its intrinsic value to a final value of Q=5.8(1.1)×10^5, representing more than an order of magnitude improvement over the conventional limits of SiO_2 for this geometry. Our technique may enable new opportunities for mechanical sensing and facilitate observations of quantum behavior in this class of mechanical systems.
Categorizing Dynamic Textures Using a Bag of Dynamical Systems

We consider the problem of categorizing video sequences of dynamic textures, i.e., nonrigid dynamical objects such as fire, water, steam, flags, etc. This problem is extremely challenging because the shape and appearance of a dynamic texture continuously change as a function of time. State-of-the-art dynamic texture categorization methods have been successful at classifying videos taken from the same viewpoint and scale by using a Linear Dynamical System (LDS) to model each video, and using distances or kernels in the space of LDSs to classify the videos. However, these methods perform poorly when the video sequences are taken under a different viewpoint or scale. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic texture categorization framework that can handle such changes. We model each video sequence with a collection of LDSs, each one describing a small spatiotemporal patch extracted from the video. This Bag-of-Systems (BoS) representation is analogous to the Bag-of-Features (BoF) representation for object recognition, except that we use LDSs as feature descriptors. This choice poses several technical challenges in adopting the traditional BoF approach. Most notably, the space of LDSs is not euclidean; hence, novel methods for clustering LDSs and computing codewords of LDSs need to be developed. We propose a framework that makes use of nonlinear dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques combined with the Martin distance for LDSs to tackle these issues. Our experiments compare the proposed BoS approach to existing dynamic texture categorization methods and show that it can be used for recognizing dynamic textures in challenging scenarios which could not be handled by existing methods.
Changes in vocal loudness following intensive voice treatment (LSVT®) in individuals with Parkinson's disease: A comparison with untreated patients and normal age‐matched controls

This study assessed the impact of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) on vocal loudness [sound pressure level (SPL)] in a group of dysarthric individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Pre- to post-treatment changes in SPL in the treated group were compared with changes in voice SPL during the same time in two control groups: individuals with IPD not treated with the LSVT and in non-disordered individuals, age-matched to the patients. All subjects produced the same voice and speech tasks--sustaining vowel phonation, reading the "Rainbow Passage," producing a short monologue, and describing a picture. These tasks were recorded at three different occasions: just prior to treatment, just after treatment, and 6 months following treatment. The individuals treated with LSVT increased voice SPL from baseline to post-treatment by an average of 8 dB and from baseline to 6 months follow-up by an average of 6 dB. These changes were statistically significant and perceptibly audible. No significant changes in SPL were observed in the control groups during the time corresponding to the treatment and follow-up. Differences in SPL between the treated and untreated patients at post-treatment and follow-up were statistically significant for all voice and speech tasks. These findings, along with others, provide additional support for the efficacy of the LSVT.
Effect of a Complex Mineral-Vitamin Supplement on Milk Production

Summary Four experiments were conducted with high-producing Holstein cows to measure the influence of a complex mineral-vitamin supplement on milk production. In the different experiments, widely varying types and qualities of forages were fed. Different hay to grain ratios were tested and various ingredients were used in the grain mixtures. The mineral-vitamin mixture had no measurable influence on milk or fat production, body weight gain, general appearance, health, or on the efficiency of milk production.
Silicide Schottky barriers: An elemental description

Abstract A model for reactive Schottky barrier formation is proposed and applied to silicide contacts on silicon. Approximate workfunctions calculated assuming a silicon excess near the silicide/silicon interface reconcile measured barrier heights with a simple Schottky description of their energetics.
Genetic evidence that invertase-mediated release of hexoses is critical for appropriate carbon partitioning and normal seed development in maize.

Cell wall-bound invertase (CWI) is spatially and temporally the first enzyme which metabolizes the incoming sucrose in developing seed of maize (Zea mays). Our previous studies have shown that the cell wall-bound invertase-2 (INCW2) isozyme encoded by the wild-type gene of the Miniature1 (Mn1) seed locus plays a critical role in seed development. Null mutations of the gene, such as the mn1 seed mutant which lacks invertase activity, are associated with a loss of ∼70–80% of the normal seed weight. We show here that under in vitro kernel culture conditions the hexose-based medium was similar to the sucrose-based medium in promoting the normal development of kernels of the Mn1, but not of the mutant mn1, genotype. Anatomical, biochemical, and immunohistological data showed that the mn1 kernels retain their mutant phenotype regardless of the presence of sucrose or hexoses in the culture media. The most drastic changes in the mn1 seed mutant were associated with a significant reduction in the size of the endosperm, but not in the pattern or the level of starch localization. Because Mn1 expression was temporally coincident with the endosperm cell divisions, INCW2 must play a critical role in providing hexose sugars for mitotic division, and only a minor role in generating carbon skeletal substrates for starch biosynthesis in the early stages of endosperm development. Furthermore, a lack of the wild-type seed phenotype of the mn1 mutant in hexose media suggests that a metabolic release of hexoses catalyzed by INCW2, rather than an exogenous source, is critical for both generating appropriate sugar-sensing signals for gene expression and for normal endosperm development.
Game theory control solution for sensor coverage problem in unknown environment

This paper studies the coverage problem in an unknown environment by a Mobile Sensor Network (MSN). Each agent in the MSN has sensing, communication, computation and moving capabilities to complete sensing tasks. Here the agents need to relocate themselves, from their initial random locations, to their optimal configuration. The proposed algorithm is based on game theory control where a collection of distributed agents use their local information to make decisions. A state-based potential game is defined in which each agent's utility function is designed to consider the trade off between the worth of the covered area and the energy consumption. The agents employ binary log-linear learning to update their actions in each iteration in order to converge to the Nash equilibrium. As the agents do not have the knowledge of the sensing area, a Maximum Likelihood estimation scheme is used to estimate the unknown parameters of a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Then in order to feed the estimation algorithm with more informative data, a mutual information term is added to the agents' utility functions. The mutual information is utilized to determine which observation can improve the agent's knowledge of the unobserved area more. Simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Jesus Christ as Poetic Symbol: Wilhelm Bousset’s Contribution to the Faith-History Debate

Wilhelm Bnusset, a leading member هء the reli^ngschichtliche school and authnr of a seminal work on early Christology, Kyrios Christos, is typically regarded by reviewers of his work as a classic nineteenth-century liberal who sought a secure foundation for faith in the historical Jesus. However, this view of Bousset fails to appreciate the significant development of his theological perspective on the relationship between faith and history, a perspective that underwent a profound shift due to the influence of the English historian Thomas Carlyle and the Kantian philosopher Jakob Friedrich Fries. It is the influence of these two figures that enables Bousset to justify a full-scale flight from history and to seek faiths foundation elsewhere, in the poetic symbol of Jesus Christ. The resulting solution to the problem of faith and history represents a unique and compelling alternative t© the solutions of the leading theologians and New Testament scholars of the early twentieth century.
Strategic Stewards: Managing Accountability, Building Trust

This study examines professional accountability systems as a potential source of conflict in the relationships between librarians and their overseers. The structure of these governance systems, combined with the motivations of the stakeholders within the system, generates conflict. Potential for conflict is not uniform across the professional accountability systems in public libraries because librarians strategically manage in the conflict-generating structure and because the professionalism generates trust, offsetting some potential for conflict. This study enriches our understanding of the strategic behavior of professionals, utilizes a positive model to study accountability relationships, and sheds light on the work of a very common, but little studied, public agency. Libraries and conflict? Joining the two seems to be a contradiction of terms. As many of the participants in my study commented, "Everyone loves libraries." Yet city managers report that these well-loved local public services are often a thorn in their flesh.1 Likewise, librarians circulate stories in their professional network of skirmishes between librarians and the elected city officials. If everyone loves libraries, what causes these conflicts? 'In personal interviews, several city managers noted that stories of conflicts with the public library are common at professional meetings. 2The quote is from the American Library Association Code of Ethics (ALA 1998). J-PART 10(2000):4:757-777 This study examines the potential for conflict under a mandated professional accountability relationship. Conflict arises when elected officials are unable to influence a professional's decision on a matter of importance to the officials' constituents. In public libraries, this situation may arise because an autonomous library board serves as a buffer between the elected official and the librarian on matters of policy in many states. In this study, specific attention is paid to the strategic behavior of librarians as professionals seeking to "provide the highest level of service to all library users" while managing accountability relationships with their overseers.2 757/Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory I This content downloaded from 207.46.13.15 on Sat, 23 Apr 2016 05:07:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Managing Accountability, Building Trust
Comparison of the DESSIM Model With a Finite Difference Solution for Rotary Desiccant Dehumidifiers

A heuristic “pseudo-steady-state” model of the heat and mass transfer occurring in desiccant dehumidifiers, embodied in the program DESSIM, has been proposed as a conceptually and numerically simple analysis tool (Barlow, 1982). A comparison is made with a finite difference solution to determine the accuracy and limitations of the pseudo-steady-state model. The comparison indicates that the pseudo-steady-state model can produce accurate results of dehumidifier performance relative to the finite difference solution when used carefully, although at greater computational expense. Substitution of the finite difference solution into the overall DESSIM program results in a potentially accurate and useful analysis tool.
Comprehension of main ideas and details in coherent and noncoherent discourse by aphasic and nonaphasic listeners

Aphasic and nonaphasic listeners' comprehension of main ideas and details within coherent and noncoherent narrative discourse was examined. Coherent paragraphs contained one topic to which all sentences in the paragraph related. Noncoherent paragraphs contained a change in topic with every third or fourth sentence. Each paragraph contained four main ideas and one or more details that related to each main idea. Listeners' responses to yes/no questions following each paragraph yielded the following results: (1) Nonaphasic listeners comprehended the paragraphs better than aphasic listeners. (2) Both aphasic and nonaphasic listeners comprehended main ideas better than they comprehended details. (3) Coherence did not affect comprehension of main ideas for either group. (4) Coherence did not affect comprehension of details by nonaphasic subjects. (5) Coherence affected comprehension of details by aphasic subjects, and their comprehension of details in coherent paragraphs was worse than their comprehension of details in noncoherent paragraphs. There was no significant correlation between Token Test scores and measures of paragraph comprehension.
Intention or Experience? Predictors of Continued Breastfeeding

Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding, many women do not breastfeed their infants or stop breastfeeding early. This study examines the effects of prenatal intention and initial breastfeeding experiences on breast-feeding initiation and duration among 1,665 U.S. women completing questionnaires on infant feeding practices. Outcomes included no initiation of breastfeeding at birth and termination at <10 weeks, 10 to <20 weeks, or 20 to <30 weeks. Predictor variables included intended breast feeding duration and early breast feeding experiences with analyses controlling for demographic characteristics, previous breastfeeding experience, and prenatal intentions to work after delivery. Prenatal intentions to never initiate or to stop breastfeeding early were significant risk factors for all breastfeeding outcomes. Initial breastfeeding experiences were significant risk factors for early termination. This study supports using the intention construct from the theory of reasoned action to predict initiation of behavior but suggests the need to include initial experience when predicting maintenance of behavior.
An electrophysiological study of attention capture by salience: Does rarity enable capture?

Several behavioural studies have suggested that rarity is critical for enabling irrelevant, salient objects to capture attention. We tested this hypothesis using the N2pc thought to reflect attentional allocation. A cue display was followed by a target display in which participants identified the letter in a specific colour. Experiment 1 pitted rare, irrelevant abrupt onset cues (appearing on only 20% of trials) against target-relevant colour cues. The relevant colour cue produced large N2pc and cue validity effects even when competing with a rare, salient, simultaneous abrupt onset. Similar results occurred even when abrupt onset frequency was reduced to only 10% of trials (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 examined rare, irrelevant colour singleton cues (20% of trials). Despite being rare and salient, these singleton cues produced no N2pc or cue validity effect indicating little attentional capture. Experiment 4 greatly increased colour cue salience by adding four background boxes, increasing colour contrast ...
Recognition of nascent polypeptides for targeting and folding

A major difference between the refolding of proteins in vitro and the in vivo folding process, in which we include localization and assembly, is the need for additional factors in vivo, apart from the protein product itself. Thus, the amino acid sequence of a naturally selected protein contains not only the information specifying its three-dimensional structure, but also the information that enables these factors to recognize the nascent polypeptide. In this review, we consider how this latter information may be encoded and, in turn, interpreted by binding species.
An oxygen effect in dry bacterial spores and its temperature dependence.

Abstract The sensitivity of dry spores of Bacillus megaterium to X-rays is higher in the presence of oxygen than it is in helium or in nitrogen. The sensitivity in oxygen (air) relative to that in helium is temperature dependent, being 1.00 at 125 °K (−148 °C) and below, rising gradually to 1.25 at about 310 °K (37 °C), and then rising steeply to 2.25 at 355 °K (82 °C). The final sharp rise is due to the almost complete disappearance in oxygen of the marked inversion in radiation sensitivity observed in this system between these temperatures under anoxic conditions.
Precipitation of crystallins from young rat lens by endogenous calpain

The purpose of these experiments was to study the mechanism for precipitation of lens crystallins in cataract. An in vitro model was developed to activate the endogenous protease calpain II in the soluble proteins from young rat lens by addition of calcium in the presence of 120 m m KCl. Light-scattering, insoluble proteins were produced approximately 4–6 days after calpain II activation. Results showed that proteolysis was caused by activation of lens calpain II, proteolysis preceded precipitation by several days, and α-crystallin acted as a molecular chaperone against precipitation of crystallins caused by proteolysis. These data supported our hypothesis that calpain-induced proteolysis of the N-terminal arms of β-crystallin polypeptides leads to a loss of normal oligomerization of β-crystallin polypeptides and formation of abnormal insoluble aggregates, possibly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions.
Journey into night: Elements of tragedy in Eugene O'Neill

(1966). Journey into night: Elements of tragedy in Eugene O'Neill. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 139-145.
Encoding-decoding optical fibre network

Two multicoupled multimode fibres can act either as an encoder or as its matched-filter decoder, depending on which terminals are used. Such a network which may find applications in communications and microwave systems has been demonstrated using fused T couplers, fibre connectors, and multimode optical-fibre delay lines.
Religiosity and Deviance: An Examination of the Moral Community and Antiasceticism Hypotheses Among U.S. Adults

Several hypotheses regarding the relationship between religiosity and deviance are examined using data from the geocoded General Social Survey. An inverse relationship between religiosity and several forms of deviance was documented; however the moral community hypothesis, which would predict that the interaction between group-level religiosity and individual-level religiosity would be inversely related to deviance, was not supported for any of the forms of deviant behavior examined. Additionally, the antiasceticism hypothesis, which argues that religiosity is more effective at deterring minor rather than serious forms of deviance, is only partially supported by the results of the analysis. The theoretical implications of this line of research, as well as suggestions for future avenues of research, are also discussed. Language: en
Properties and use of an antiserum to cytochrome oxidase from baker's yeast.

Abstract An antiserum against highly purified cytochrome oxidase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Shakespeare and Mahler (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246 , 7649) has been prepared. Addition of this antiserum to reaction mixtures containing either purified cytochrome oxidase or mitochondrial membranes results in inhibition of the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c competitive to the latter: K m for cytochrome c equals 95 μ m with both preparations; in the presence of 5 μg of antiserum this value is raised to 210 and 250 μ m , with the purified enzyme and the membranes, respectively. The antibody preparation has been labeled with 3 H by reductive methylation (condensation with HCHO followed by reduction) and used to study and compare binding to mitochondrial membranes from controls with those from cells in which all cytochrome oxidase synthesis has been stopped by growth in the presence of ethidium bromide. The binding isotherms for the two preparations were quantitatively similar. Thus the two types of membranes appear to contain roughly equivalent amounts of material (s) able to interact with an antibody preparation, itself capable of blocking the cytochrome c binding sites of cytochrome oxidase. The use and limitations of studies with antibodies designed to probe the function and biogenesis of cytochrome oxidase are discussed.
High Sierra Industries: IS Gridlock

High Sierra Industries (HSI) is a not-for-profit (NFP) organization with the dual purpose of being a competitive light manufacturer, while also providing productive jobs for physically and mentally disabled members of the community. This case documents how HSIâ€™s accounting information system (AIS) failed to evolve with organizational needs. Throughout the case, HSI was able to rely upon temporary system fixes each time it faced a system failure. Each temporary fix brings them closer to a debilitating loss of information and business functionality. The case places the reader in the shoes of a student/consultant (SC) who was called upon to help HSI plan its next revision of the AIS. Analysis confirms the need for new software and renewed attention to internal controls. A legitimate debate among corporate directors and officers about priorities resulted in decision-making gridlock. This case consequently draws attention to the role of governance in a NFP and the leadership dynamics necessary for a systems project. The five key stakeholders are the chief executive officer (CEO), operations manager, accountant, an executive board member, and the SC. They need to find a way to move forward. The SC decides to use an evaluation matrix to organize the competing perspectives to help HSI decide on the goals of its first planned system development life cycle.
Attenuation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity and ATP Levels in Rat Brain Synaptosomes by Acrylamide*

The effect of neurotoxin acrylamide (AC) on energy metabolism has been studied in a purified preparation of the synaptosomes. The synaptosomes were prepared by the flotation technique in a discontinuous Ficoll/sucrose gradient. The purity of the synaptosomes was checked by electron microscopy and by assaying the activity of marker enzymes. By these criterias, free mitochondrial contamination in the synaptosomes was found to be >2%. Incubation of the synaptosomes with different concentrations of AC (2.5, 5.0, and 10mM) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition (15, 35, and 60%, respectively) of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Acrylamide also produced a time-dependent decrease of ATP concentrations in the synaptosomes; about 25% loss of ATP was seen within 1h, while about 60% ATP was lost after 120 min incubation with 10 mM AC. The effect of known inhibitors of glycolysis-iodoacetic acid (IAA), and of oxidative phophorylation-rotenone and antimycin A, was also studied on ATP synthesis by the synaptosomes. IAA was found to be the most potent inhibitor of ATP synthesis, while both rotenone and antimycin A were equally effective in blocking ATP synthesis in the synaptosomes. These studies show that the synaptosome might be used as a suitablein vitro model to study the effect of neurotoxin such as AC on neuronal energy metabolism.
Exploring ocean data

In fall of 2004, we met Jim Gray and began to converse about the data needs of ocean scientists. The conversations ultimately led to the development of a unique portal for exploring multidisciplinary data sets, which we call the Metadata Oriented Query Assistant (MOQuA). At the time, we were working with an extremely rich data set which included measurements from ships, satellites, aircraft, moorings, and a variety of underwater robots. The data set also included output from both atmospheric and ocean models. We initially made the data available via a state-of-the-art data server. However, serious users did not use the server, instead approaching us for copies of the relevant portions. Our experience convinced us that we needed a far more capable portal, but framing the seemingly divergent needs of ocean scientists in a way which could be satisfied via an intuitive interface was challenging. In the course of many conversations and interactions with Jim, we realized that we needed to structure the interaction around questions rather than visualizations, and this simple insight lead to the development of MOQuA system.
Engineering the Substrate Specificity of the DhbE Adenylation Domain by Yeast Cell Surface Display

The adenylation (A) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) activate aryl acids or amino acids to launch their transfer through the NRPS assembly line for the biosynthesis of many medicinally important natural products. In order to expand the substrate pool of NRPSs, we developed a method based on yeast cell surface display to engineer the substrate specificities of the A-domains. We acquired A-domain mutants of DhbE that have 11- and 6-fold increases in k(cat)/K(m) with nonnative substrates 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-aminobenzoic acid, respectively and corresponding 3- and 33-fold decreases in k(cat)/K(m) values with the native substrate 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, resulting in a dramatic switch in substrate specificity of up to 200-fold. Our study demonstrates that yeast display can be used as a high throughput selection platform to reprogram the "nonribosomal code" of A-domains.