cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrition behaviors, perceptions, and beliefs of recent marathon finishers.

ABSTRACTObjectives: To describe the nutrition behaviors, perceptions, and beliefs of marathoners.Methods: A survey-based study was conducted with 422 recent marathon finishers (199 men, 223 women). Participants reported their running background, demographics, diets followed, supplements used, and food/fluid intake during their most recent marathon (median 7 days prior), as well as beliefs about hydration, fueling, and sources of nutrition information.Results: Median finishing times were 3:53 (3:26–4:35) and 4:25 (3:50–4:59) h:min for men and women during their most recent marathon. Most participants (66.1%) reported typically following a moderate-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet, while 66.4% carbohydrate-loaded prior to their most recent marathon. Among 139 participants following a specific diet over the past year, the most common were vegetarian/vegan/pescatarian (n = 39), Paleolithic (n = 16), gluten-free (n = 15), and low-carbohydrate (n = 12). Roughly 35% of participants took a supplement intended to i...
Experiment and forecast on dynamic characteristics of concrete with neural network

Based on the neural network with the capability to recognize and forecast in the non-linear system,the BP neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt method was adopted to forecast the dynamic characteristics of the polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete.Using Hopkinson pressure bar with variable cross-sections, a shock compression test with three kinds of strain rates was carried out and then the neural network was tested with the experimental data.The analysis indicates that the forecasted results are in accordance with experimental reasults and the neural network provides us a new method to study the relation between stress and strain of the concrete with high strain rate.
OPTIMAL REAL POWER FLOW IN WIND POWER INTEGRATED SYSTEM

An algorithm for calculating optimal active power flow based on chance-constrained programming for wind power integrated system is proposed. The randomvariables are introduced to represent wind farm outputs and buses loads. Acco rdingly, the constraints like branch power flow, bus voltage, spinning reserve and steady frequencydeviation are expressed by means of probability. To solve the problem, a calculation program implementing geneticalgorithm and stochastic simulation are developed, the testresults on IEEE30 system demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm.
A Kinetic Model for the Homing and Migration of Prenatally Transplanted Marrow

Currently little is known about the mechanisms regulating the homing and the early engraftment of prenatally transplanted hematopoietic cells due to the lack of a relevant functional assay. In this study, we have defined a reproducible kinetic profile of the homing and the early engraftment events in a murine model of prenatal stem cell transplantation. Light density mononuclear cells (LDMCs) from adult C57Pep3b and SJL/J marrow were transplanted by intraperitoneal (IP) injection into C57BL/6 fetuses (10 6 LDMCs/fetus) at 14 days of gestation. The fetuses were sacrificed at early time points (1.5 to 96 hours) after transplantation. Recipient fetal liver and cord blood were analyzed for donor cell frequency and donor cell phenotype by dual color flow cytometry. Pertinent findings included the following: (1) a triphasic kinetic profile exists after in utero hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (homing of circulating donor cells, rapid reduction of donor cell frequency, and donor cell competitive equilibration); (2) homing to the fetal liver is nonselective and reflects the phenotypic profile of the donor population; and (3) the kinetics after the prenatal transplantation of congenic or fully allogeneic cells are identical. This model will facilitate a systematic analysis of the mechanisms that regulate the homing of prenatally transplanted hematopoietic cells.
Human interferon in viral diseases.

SUMMARY Interferons have been studied in animals and man for local and systemic viral infections that are either rare or common.129,132,155,157,244,247,267,272 Recent clinical studies in humans with purified or recombinantly derived interferons have demonstrated significant clinical response in rhinovirus common colds, herpetic keratitis, condyloma acuminata, and laryngeal papillomatosis. However, only 40 per cent of published papers with IFN have been appropriately controlled. The toxicity of these newer preparations when administered either topically or parenterally prevents their immediate licensing for general use. The toxic to therapeutic ratio for HuIFN and rIFN appears to be close to one in most clinical situations in which it has been tested. Although interferons have not proved to be the "penicillin" for viruses many thought they would become, basic in vitro work and clinical studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of host defense and immunopathology. Future studies must focus on increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity, in addition to devising controlled clinical trials with interferon alone or in combination with other antiviral agents. Thus, after 30 years of research on interferons, it would appear our work has just begun.
Evolutionary divergence of phytochrome protein function in Zea mays PIF3 signaling

Two maize phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family members, ZmPIF3.1 and ZmPIF3.2, were identified, cloned and expressed in vitro to investigate light-signaling interactions. A phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the maize bHLH transcription factor gene family revealed the extent of the PIF family, and a total of seven predicted PIF-encoding genes were identified from genes encoding bHLH family VIIa/b proteins in the maize genome. To investigate the role of maize PIFs in phytochrome signaling, full-length cDNAs for phytochromes PhyA2, PhyB1, PhyB2 and PhyC1 from maize were cloned and expressed in vitro as chromophorylated holophytochromes. We showed that ZmPIF3.1 and ZmPIF3.2 interact specifically with the Pfr form of maize holophytochrome B1 (ZmphyB1), showing no detectable affinity for the Pr form. Maize holophytochrome B2 (ZmphyB2) showed no detectable binding affinity for PIFs in either Pr or Pfr forms, but phyB Pfr from Arabidopsis interacted with ZmPIF3.1 similarly to ZmphyB1 Pfr. We conclude that subfunctionalization at the protein-protein interaction level has altered the role of phyB2 relative to that of phyB1 in maize. Since the phyB2 mutant shows photomorphogenic defects, we conclude that maize phyB2 is an active photoreceptor, without the binding of PIF3 seen in other phyB family proteins.
Implications of Non-Farm Work to Vulnerability to Food Poverty-Recent Evidence From Northern Ghana

Summary Using survey data from northern Ghana, this study seeks to establish the impact of participation in non-farm work on the vulnerability of resource poor households to food poverty. Vulnerability to food poverty is assessed based on expected future food expenditure of households. The potential endogeneity problem associated with participation in non-farm work by households is overcome using a novel instrumental variable approach. Analysis of the determinants of expected future food expenditure is done using a standard Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, location variables, and household facilities are included in the model as control variables. Our study finds that participation in non-farm work significantly increased the future expected food consumption, thereby alleviating the vulnerability of households to food poverty. Our study also confirms that current food poverty and future food poverty, i.e., vulnerability to food poverty, are not independent from each other. Non-farm work plays a crucial role in providing the means to overcome the risk of food poverty in these resource poor households. Policies that promote off-farm income generating activities, such as small businesses and self-employment, as well as the creation and support of businesses that absorb extra labor from the farm, should be encouraged in the study region. Because households in the study region are exposed to above average levels of hunger and food poverty, the study recommends the government of Ghana and development partners to take measures that enhance the resilience of these resource poor households.
The Searching Circle: Library Instruction for Tribal College Students

In spring 2016, students enrolled in a face-to-face graduate “Library Instruction and Information Literacy” (LIIL) class in the School of Information (iSchool) at the University of Texas at Austin created a suite of instructional videos for librarians at TCUs to use with their students. Over the past twenty years, librarians at the TCUs have attended a five-day Tribal College Librarians Professional Development Institute (TCLPDI), usually held on the campus of Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana. The iSchool students presented their work at the TCLPDI in June 2016, inviting feedback from patrons including projections on how the videos might be used at TCUs.
Abstract 15: The Helix-Loop-Helix Factor Id3 Links Natural Helper Cells to Proliferation of Atheroprotective B-1a Cells

Natural immunity is emerging as important for atheroprotection. Natural IgM antibodies, such as E06, that recognize oxidative epitopes on LDL or phospholipids prevent atherosclerosis and are produced by the atheroprotective B cell subset, the B-1a B cell. IL5, an important B-1a B cell mitogen, can be produced by the innate lymphoid cell, the natural helper (NH) cell. We previously demonstrated that splenic B cells provide atheroprotection to B cell deficient mice, an effect dependent on the helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Id3. Taken together, these results raise the hypothesis that Id3 may be an important regulator of splenic B-1a B cells and natural immunity in atheroprotection. Methods and Results Id3 -/- Apoe -/- mice at 8 weeks old had fewer B-1a cells in the spleen (200672 ±58019, n = 9) compared to Id3 +/+ Apoe -/- mice (511840 ±88811, n = 9) as determined by flow cytometry. Consistent with fewer B-1a B cells, there were lower levels of serum E06 in Id3 -/- Apoe -/- mice compared to Id3 +/+ Apoe -/- mice (1573 ±300 RLU vs. 2807 ±263 RLU respectively, n = 8 for each group) as assessed by ELISA. Id3 -/- Apoe -/- mice had decreased B-1a B cell homeostatic proliferation compared to Id3 +/+ Apoe -/- mice (30.0 ±3.3% vs. 54.4 ± 1.2% respectively, n = 4) as measured by in situ CFSE. However, B-1a B cell proliferation and number and levels of E06 were unchanged in mice with B cell specific deletion of Id3 compared to controls. To determine if Id3 is required for IL33 induced levels of IL5, IL33 or vehicle control was i.p. injected into Id3 +/+ Apoe -/- mice or Id3 -/- Apoe -/- mice every 3 days for 7 days. Id3 -/- Apoe -/- mice had less IL33 induced serum IL5 levels (5.1 ±3.1 pg mL -1 , n = 5) compared to Id3 +/+ Apoe -/- mice (67.4 ±22.9 pg mL -1 , n = 4). Indeed, loss of Id3 significantly attenuated IL33 induced IL5 production in NH cells measured by flow cytometric intracellular cytokine staining ( Id3 -/- Apoe -/- : 31.1 ±5.4%, n = 6 vs. Id3 +/+ Apoe -/- : 50.3 ±4.3%, n = 6). NH cells are also present and can to produce IL5 in response to exogenous IL33 (vehicle: 4.0 ±1.4%, n = 4 vs. IL33: 14.7 ±2.4%, n = 4) in the aortic adventitia/perivascular adipose tissue of Apoe -/- mice. Conclusion Results provide the first evidence implicating Id3 as a key regulator of NH cell IL5 production and B-1a B cell proliferation.
Introduction: Obesity and reproduction.

Women bear the predominant burden of our obesogenic environment, with a higher incidence of obesity than men, more impact on their fertility and success with treatment, and significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this series, the causes, consequences, and solutions regarding the obesity pandemic, the mechanisms of the effect of obesity on the female and male, the epigenetic consequences of male obesity, the marked effects on perinatal outcomes, and the effects of weight loss before conception and during pregnancy are explored. Lifestyle modifications, in particular a healthy diet and exercise during the 3–6 months before conception and during treatment, should result in better outcomes than requiring weight loss before fertility treatments. Such fundamental changes toward a healthier lifestyle will achieve steady and sustainable weight loss and long-term benefits for general health. The role of bariatric surgery before pregnancy requires careful consideration.
Ski protein levels and TGF-beta stimulated Ski trafficking are altered in HPV16-transformed human keratinocytes

4434 We have previously reported that differentiation resistant human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-immortalized human keratinocyte lines (HKc/DR) exhibit a marked increase in the protein levels of the Ski oncoprotein, compared to early passage HPV16-immortalized cells (HKc/HPV16). No changes were observed in mRNA levels for Ski between HKc/HPV16 and HKc/DR. Since alterations in the protein levels and subcellular distribution of Ski have been reported in several types of human cancer, we were interested in carefully characterizing protein levels and subcellular distribution of Ski, and its regulation by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) during HPV16-mediated transformation of HKc. Treatment of normal HKc, HKc/HPV16 and HKc/DR with TGF-beta (40 pM for 24 h) caused a dramatic decrease in Ski protein levels. However, using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we determined that Ski protein was transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for degradation after 30 min of TGF-beta treatment in normal HKc, while in HKc/DR trafficking of Ski to the cytoplasm was delayed. Using immunofluoresence, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis of partially synchronized HKc/DR, we determined that Ski protein levels change dramatically with the cell cycle. Ski levels are extremely low at G1/G0, and reach their peak at G2/M. However, mRNA levels for Ski remain constant during the cell cycle. Furthermore, Ski was localized to mitotic spindles and centrosomes in mitotic cells. Ski phosphorylation is also regulated throughout the cell cycle, and is maximal in the G2/M phase. We also explored Ski levels and localization using a cervical cancer tissue array containing 40 cervical carcinoma tissue samples and 40 adjacent “normal” cervical tissue samples. In normal cervical tissue samples, Ski was localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm, and mainly limited to the basal and suprabasal layers of the epithelium. Ski was detected in most cervical carcinoma specimens, and Ski staining was intense in about 60% of the samples. In addition, Ski was localized almost exclusively to the cytoplasm in most carcinoma cells. These studies indicate that altered protein levels, degradation and localization of Ski can be detected in HPV16-transformed human epithelial cells in vitro, and can be found in cervical cancer as well. The biological significance of cell cycle dependent regulation of Ski levels, phosphorylation, and localization to the mitotic spindle and centrosomes are currently being investigated. Supported by NIH grant 5R01CA089502
Forestry, the 1990s and beyond.

The creation of large-scale conifer plantations by both public and private forestry organisations has attracted much public criticism during the past decade. Foresters should seek to improve their image and actively influence the forestry debate so that commercial forestry may be seen as contributing a positive role to countryside conservation.
Laws and Regulations for Novel Food Processing Technologies

Abstract This is a synopsis of current (as of this writing) food laws and regulations and market-based regulatory programs that have an impact on novel technologies, such as ultrasound, but which affect other processing methods as well. The most important criteria for novel technologies from a legal and regulatory standpoint will be, as a processor, to clearly ascertain that the process used is effective for its intended purpose and that food prepared using such a processing method is not misrepresented in a way that could lead a consumer to think the food has properties that it does not possess. For ultrasound pasteurization processes, these would need validation to ensure food safety, along with a showing that the food after the processing treatment is not at an increased food safety risk that is not addressed with appropriate preventive controls. Emphasis is placed on the requirements of the new Food Safety Modernization Act being implemented as of this writing, particularly 21 CFR Part 117. This law is causing a shift in food regulations globally. Although adulteration and misbranding and labeling requirements for food, including country of origin labeling and organic foods, are important for any food regardless of how it is processed, these will not be covered in any great detail. Similarly, USDA food safety and market-based programs and environmental regulations affecting food producers are outlined to provide the reader with the scope of regulatory impact associated with food production.
Successful secure high-definition streaming telecytology for remote cytologic evaluation

Background: The use of minimally invasive procedures to obtain material for diagnostic purposes has become more prevalent in recent years. As such, there is increased demand for immediate cytologic adequacy assessment of minimally invasive procedures. The array of different locations in which rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is expected requires an ever-increasing number of cytology personnel to provide support for adequacy assessment. In our study, we describe the implementation process of a telecytology (TC) system in a high case volume setting and evaluate the performance of this activity. Methods: We performed retrospectively an analysis of all consecutive remote TC ROSE evaluations obtained for 15 months. The specimens were evaluated using a TC system. The ROSE adequacy assessment obtained at the time of the procedure was compared to the final cytopathologist-rendered adequacy assessment when all the material was available for review, including the alcohol-fixed preparations. Results: A total of 8106 distinct cases were analyzed. TC-assisted preliminary adequacy assessment was highly concordant with the final cytopathologist-rendered adequacy assessment. Perfect concordance or accuracy was at 93.1% (7547/8106). The adequacy upgrade rate (inadequate specimen became adequate) was 6.8% (551/8106), and the initial adequacy downgrade (adequate specimen became inadequate) was <0.1% (8/8106). Conclusions: The TC outcome demonstrates high concordance between the initial adequacy assessment and final cytopathologist-rendered adequacy assessment. Adequacy upgrades were minor but, more importantly, our results demonstrate a minimal adequacy downgrade. The process implemented effectively eliminated the need for an attending pathologist to be physically present onsite during a biopsy procedure.
No Randomization? No Problem: Experimental Control and Random Assignment in Single Case Research

Randomization of large number of participants to different treatment groups is often not a feasible or preferable way to answer questions of immediate interest to professional practice. Single case designs (SCDs) are a class of research designs that are experimental in nature but require only a few participants, all of whom receive the treatment(s) of interest. SCDs are particularly relevant when a dependent variable of interest can be measured repeatedly over time across two conditions (e.g., baseline and intervention). Rather than using randomization of large numbers of participants, SCD researchers use careful and prescribed ordering of experimental conditions, which allow researchers to improve internal validity by ruling out alternative explanations for behavior change. This article describes SCD logic, control of threats to internal validity, the use of randomization and counterbalancing, and data analysis in the context of single case research.
Flux Crystal Growth of the RE2Ru3Ge5 (RE = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb) Series and Their Magnetic and Metamagnetic Transitions

Previously synthesized only as powders, single crystals of the RE2Ru3Ge5 (RE = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb) series of compounds have now been obtained from molten In. These materials crystallize with the U2Co3Si5-type structure in orthorhombic space group Ibam with lattice parameters a ≈ 10.00–9.77 A (La–Tb), b ≈ 12.51–12.35 A, and c ≈ 5.92–5.72 A. The structure is a three-dimensional framework consisting of RuGe5 and RuGe6 units, as well as Ge–Ge zigzag chains. This structure type and those of the other five (Sc2Fe3Si5, Lu2Co3Si5, Y2Rh3Sn5, Yb2Ir3Ge5, and Yb2Pt3Sn5) to compose the RE2T3X5 phase space are discussed in depth. For the three compounds with RE = Nd, Gd, Tb, multiple magnetic transitions and metamagnetic behavior are observed. Electronic band structure calculations performed on La2Ru3Ge5 indicate that these materials have a negative band gap and are semimetallic in nature.
Hippocampal involvement in latent inhibition

For a long time, experimental data consistently indicated that LI is impaired by electrolytic or aspiration lesions that compromise the dorsal hippocampus (Ackil, Mellgren, Halgren, & Frommer, 1969; Kaye & Pearce, 1987a, Kaye & Pearce, 1987b; MacFarland, Kostas, & Drew, 1978; Solomon & Moore, 1975; Schmajuk, Lam, & Christiansen, 1994), but is spared by aspiration lesions of the ventral hippocampus (Clark, Feldon, and Rawlins, 1992). These lesions are nonselective, damage the hippocampal formation (dentate, hippocampus proper, subiculum, presubiculum, and entorhinal cortex), and are referred to as hippocampal formation lesions (HFL).
Spatial–Temporal Prediction Models for Active Ticket Managing in Data Centers

Performance ticket handling is an expensive operation in data centers, where physical boxes host multiple virtual machines (VMs). A large body of tickets arise from resource usage warnings, e.g., CPU and RAM usages that exceed predefined thresholds. The transient nature of CPU and RAM usage as well as their strong correlation across time among co-located VMs within boxes drastically increase the complexity of ticket management. Based on large resource usage data collected from production data centers, with 6K physical boxes and more than 80K VMs, we first discover patterns of spatial and temporal dependencies among/within the usage series of co-located resources. Leveraging our key findings, we develop an active ticket managing (ATM) system that aims to drastically reduce usage tickets. ATM consists of: 1) a spatial–temporal dependency-based time series prediction methodology and 2) a proactive capacity planning policy for CPU and RAM resources for VMs co-located within a box and boxes within a single data center client, that aims to drastically reduce usage tickets. ATM exploits the spatial–temporal dependency across/within multiple resources of co-located VMs and single-client boxes for usage prediction, and then actuates proactive capacity planning. Evaluation results on traces of 6K physical boxes from operating data centers show that ATM is able to provide accurate prediction of usage series in cloud data centers with low computational overhead. At the same time ATM achieves significant ticket reduction up to 60% for both VM and box usage series.
Radical Chemistry in a Femtosecond Laser Plasma: Photochemical Reduction of Ag⁺ in Liquid Ammonia Solution.

Plasmas with dense concentrations of reactive species such as hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals are generated from focusing intense femtosecond laser pulses into aqueous media. These radical species can reduce metal ions such as Au3+ to form metal nanoparticles (NPs). However, the formation of H2O2 by the recombination of hydroxyl radicals inhibits the reduction of Ag+ through back-oxidation. This work has explored the control of hydroxyl radical chemistry in a femtosecond laser-generated plasma through the addition of liquid ammonia. The irradiation of liquid ammonia solutions resulted in a reaction between NH3 and OH·, forming peroxynitrite and ONOO−, and significantly reducing the amount of H2O2 generated. Varying the liquid ammonia concentration controlled the Ag+ reduction rate, forming 12.7 ± 4.9 nm silver nanoparticles at the optimal ammonia concentration. The photochemical mechanisms underlying peroxynitrite formation and Ag+ reduction are discussed.
Treatment outcomes in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia

Abstract Objective There are conflicting reports about outcomes after infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in patients with diabetes. We compared perioperative outcomes between patients with and patients without diabetes in the current era. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program vascular module, 2011 to 2014, was used to identify patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularization for CLTI. Patients with and without diabetes were compared in terms of presentation, comorbidities, operative approach, and 30-day outcomes. Major adverse limb events (MALEs) included 30-day major reintervention or amputation, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) included 30-day myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, or death. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for baseline differences. Results We identified 8887 patients undergoing open (5744; 50% diabetic) or endovascular (3143; 62% diabetic) treatment for CLTI. Patients with diabetes were younger and more often nonwhite, nonsmokers, and obese. Patients with diabetes presented more often with tissue loss (71% vs 47%; P P P = .53]; endovascular, 2.6% vs 2.1% [ P = .37]) and after adjustment for baseline differences (open: odds ratio [OR], 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7-1.5]; endovascular: OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.7-2.0]). Patients with diabetes had longer lengths of stay (open, 8 vs 6 days [ P P P P P P Conclusions CLTI patients with diabetes undergoing revascularization have similar 30-day outcomes compared with those without diabetes, although they appear to be at lower risk for MALEs after bypass. Prolonged length of stay and readmission in patients with diabetes is not due to underlying diabetic disease but likely secondary to other baseline comorbidities, such as higher rates of tissue loss. Concern for worse perioperative outcomes in patients with diabetes after lower extremity bypass is unsubstantiated and should not discourage a physician from performing an open bypass.
Current studies on two separate topics: breastfeeding postpartum length of hospital stay.

In this column, the author examines recent research on two separate topics: 1) breastfeeding; 2) postpartum length of hospital stay. Recent studies suggest long-term effects of breastfeeding that benefit both mother and infant. Benefits include a reduced risk of breast cancer in breastfeeding mothers and a reduced level of total and LDH cholesterol in adults who were breastfed as infants. Infants of mothers with maternal asthma had lower rates of asthma if the mother breastfed. In a study of women in the United States who planned to breastfeed, those mothers who breastfed exclusively and planned to breastfeed more than three months were more likely to achieve their goals than mothers who planned to combine breast and human-milk substitute feeds and to breastfeed less than three months.In a Canadian study, shortened postpartum stays led to increased re-admission to hospital for mothers with cesarean births. In contrast, in a Massachusetts study, shortened postpartum stays did not lead to an increase in infant visits for urgent care. However, the Massachusetts study did not reflect a decrease in maternity-related costs associated with shortened length of postpartum stay.
Southern Mediterranean Neolithic

RELATIVE TIME PERIOD: Follows the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Maghreb tradition and precedes the North African Protohistoric tradition.
Abstract 1: DAWN versus Modified Clinical-ASPECTS Mismatch Selection for Stroke Endovascular Therapyin the Early and Late Time Windows

Background and Purpose: Optimal patient selection for thrombectomy in large vessel acute ischemic stroke (LVOS) remain to be established. We evaluated the performance of imaging paradigms in a coho...
Discrete electrocortical predictors of anxiety and anxiety-related treatment response in youth with autism spectrum disorder

There are two established electroencephalogram (EEG) indices that putatively relate to anxiety symptoms: a) the error-related negativity (ERN), which reflects endogenous threat sensitivity, and b) resting-state EEG relative right frontal activity (rRFA), which relates to approach/withdrawal motivation. We examined these indices conjointly to better elucidate differential mechanisms underlying the common anxiety phenotype in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in relation to subjective reports of symptomatology and treatment response. EEG was recorded from 53 youth with ASD who participated in a 10-week social skills intervention (SSI). More negative ERN related to higher self-reported social anxiety symptoms at baseline, and predicted improvements in self-reported social anxiety symptoms following SSI. Although rRFA did not relate to anxiety symptoms at baseline, more rRFA predicted improvement in parent-reported anxiety domains but worsening in self-reported anxiety symptoms. This study provides evidence for unique neural mechanisms of anxiety symptoms and changes in anxiety after SSI in youth with ASD.
Computer Science in Physics

This talk describes how techniques developed by Computer Scientists have helped our understanding of certain problems in statistical physics which involve randomness and ``frustration''. Examples will be given from two problems that have been widely studied: the ``spin glass'' and the ``random field model''.
A comparison of protocols for simulating hemorrhage in humans: step versus ramp lower body negative pressure.

Ramp lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocols have been utilized to simulate the continuous nature of bleeding injuries. However, it unknown if tolerance or the physiological responses to ramp...
Separation and recovery of rare earth elements using novel ammonium-based task-specific ionic liquids with bidentate and tridentate O-donor functional groups

Abstract In the present work, two novel ammonium-based functional ionic liquids (FILs) with oxygen donating groups: trioctyl(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)ammonium dihexyl diglycolamate, [OcGBOEt][DHDGA], and tricaprylmethylammonium dihexyl diglycolamate, [A336][DHDGA] were synthesized and tested for the recovery and separation of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions. The synthesized FILs were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), disc scanning calorimetry (DSC) in addition to density and viscosity analysis. The extraction behavior of europium ions (Eu3+) in HNO3 solution was investigated in detail by changing key process parameters, including solution acidity, concentration of Eu3+ ions, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the type of organic diluent. Kinetic studies indicated that the extraction process was relatively fast with 97% of Eu3+ions recovered after 5 min using [OcGBOEt][DHDGA], whereas it took 15 min for [A336][DHDGA] system to reach 80% recovery. Extraction thermodynamics was evaluated by analyzing the effect of temperature on the extractability of Eu3+ ions in nitrate solution. Results indicated that the extraction reactions were favorable for both FILs. Back extraction studies indicated that ~99% of Eu3+ can be stripped off [OcGBOEt][DHDGA] and [A336][DHDGA] using 0.1 and 0.5 molL−1 HNO3, respectively. Separation efficiencies of rare earth ions, including La3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Y3+, Er3+, and Lu3+ were also investigated to examine the selectivity of the synthesized FILs. Results showed that both FILs have significant affinity to heavy rare earth elements, however, the separation efficiency of [A336][DHDGA] was superior to that of [OcGBOEt][DHDGA].
The Comparative Endurance and Efficiency of Religion: A Public Choice Approach

Religion long has been the neglected child of the social sciences thanks to the stranglehold secularization theory has had on the field. Despite ignoring religious institutions as major actors, the fact remains that all the world's largest faith traditions -- Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam -- have outlasted every single secular institution, government, or dynasty. The Catholic Church holds the record for the longest-surviving formal hierarchy in human history and boasts over one billion members. This paper examines why the major faith traditions have been more enduring than secular institutions, states, and social movements. Using a public choice framework, and spring-boarding the argument from the thought of James Buchanan, this paper argues that religious institutions tend to be more enduring than their secular counterparts for three reasons. First, religious institutions provide valuable public goods, namely the ability to coordinate human behavior around a set of cultural expectations that reduce uncertainty and promote transactions. Second, federalist forms of organization within these institutions helps to leverage local information and supports an ongoing renewal of a "social contract." Finally, ultimate authority for judgement regarding adherence to rules of social order exists outside the temporal whims of individuals who write and execute the laws of the religious society. In other words, "God" serves as Buchanan's ideal neutral arbitrator in his contract theory of government. A case is also made that this form of institutional design is efficient for society, including non-believers in the particular faith.
Transfer of reactive balance adaptation from stance-slip perturbation to stance-trip perturbation in chronic stroke survivors.

BACKGROUND Chronic stroke survivors demonstrate the potential to acquire reactive adaptations to external perturbations. However, such adaptations in postural stability and compensatory stepping responses are perturbation-type specific and the ability to generalize such adaptation to an opposing perturbation has not been studied. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine whether improved reactive balance control acquired through prior slip-perturbation training would positively transfer to, or interfere with, the reactive response to an unexpected novel trip. METHODS Twenty-six chronic stroke survivors were assigned to either the training group (TR) who received treadmill-induced slips (12 m/s2) while standing followed by a novel trip (16.8 m/s2) or the control group (TC) who experienced a single unannounced trip. The primary outcome measure was postural stability (examined by relative center of mass position (RCoMP) and velocity (RCoMV)) with step length and trunk angle being secondary measures. Perturbation outcome (fall vs recovery) and number of compensatory steps were also recorded. RESULTS The TR group showed an anterior shift in RCoMP via longer compensatory backward step and reduced number of steps from first to last slip-perturbation (p < 0.05). Post-slip adaptation, the TR group exhibited a more posterior RCoMP on the novel trip along with a longer forward step and decreased trunk flexion compared to the TC group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic stroke survivors demonstrated improved direction-specific compensatory stepping response on a novel trip-perturbation following reactive adaptation to large-magnitude, stance-slip perturbation training.The present study investigates the ability of chronic stroke survivors to generalize motor adaptation from stance-slip perturbation training to a novel, diametrically opposing trip-perturbation. We report that people with chronic hemi-paretic stroke could execute the acquired adaptation in reactive postural stability to improve reactive stepping responses to a novel stance-trip perturbation via generation of a direction-specific effective compensatory stepping response, such that the training group demonstrated a longer forward compensatory step and better control of postural stability than the control group.
Ion-optical design of the high-rigidity spectrometer for FRIB

We present the High-Rigidity Spectrometer (HRS) planned at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The current status of the layout and the ion-optical design of the HRS is discussed.
A meltpool prediction based scan strategy for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Abstract In this study a feedforward control method for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing is demonstrated. It minimizes the meltpool variation by updating the laser power based on a data-driven predictive meltpool model. A rectangular pattern is scanned multiple times on a customized LPBF testbed. The meltpool is monitored in situ by a high-speed camera, optically aligned with the heating laser. Constant laser power is applied for the first scan, and its meltpool images are used to train the model and adjust the laser power for the following scans. The meltpool images from these scans are compared, and a significant reduction in meltpool variation is achieved.
Corrosion of nickel and nickel–phosphorous-coated AISI 430 in dry (Ar–3%H2) and humid hydrogen (Ar–3%H2–3%H2O) atmosphere

The corrosion behavior of uncoated, nickel (Ni) and nickel–phosphorous (Ni–P)-coated AISI 430 alloy was investigated in Ar–3%H2 and Ar–3%H2–3%H2O atmosphere at 800 °C for 100 h. Microstructure, chemical composition, and reaction products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The corrosion extent of Ni–P-coated AISI 430 is higher than Ni-coated AISI 430. Oxidation promotes corrosion in the uncoated and coated alloy. The oxidation rate of Ni-coated alloy is the lowest in Ar–3%H2 but Ni–P-coated alloy in Ar–3%H2–3%H2O for initial 20 h. The oxidation rate of the Ni–P-coated sample is ~14 times higher in 20–100 h in Ar–3%H2–3%H2O. External growth of Cr2O3 is observed for Ni-coated alloy in Ar–3%H2 and for Ni–P-coated alloy in both the atmospheres. Inward growth of Cr2O3 by AISI 430 alloy consumption attributes to the lowest oxidation rate and the corrosion extent of Ni-coated sample in Ar–3%H2–3%H2O.
An Interview with Jennifer Bowen

As Jennifer Bowen's career progressed from music cataloging to administration, her personal involvement in and responses to a great number of the major issues and challenges is covered. These inclu...
Appendices - Parametric Keyframe Interpolation Incorporating Kinetic Adjustment and Phrasing Control

These are the unpublished appendices for the paper entitled, "Parametric Keyframe Interpolation Incorporating Kinetic Adjustment and Phrasing Control." Disciplines Computer Engineering | Computer Sciences Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-85-18. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/1009 PARAMETRIC KEYFRAME INTERPOLATION INCORPORATING KINETIC ADDJUSTMENT AND PHRASING CONTROL Scott N. Steketee Norman I. Badler MS-CIS-85-18 GRAPHICS LAB 04 Department Of Computer and Information Science Moore School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 July 1985
Text-only communications may offer a research springboard for learning more complex communications and literacy skills for individuals with autism spectrum disorders utilizing AAC

Q 1) Prior to instruction, are there differential effects of picture symbol with paired text and text-only representations on communicating high and low imageability words through an AAC app for sc...
Development of a weight bias reduction intervention for third-year nursing students.

To explore whether case-based learning will enhance a weight bias reduction (WBR) programme among nursing students to improve their attitudes and beliefs towards persons with obesity. A cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRT) among 13 medical-surgical clinical practicum groups consisting of six to eight third-year baccalaureate nursing students was conducted to compare a WBR training enhanced by case-based learning (WBR-I, n = 7) with a standard WBR control group (n = 6). All participants completed the Attitudes Towards Obese Persons (ATOP) and Beliefs About Obese Persons (BAOP) questionnaires before the randomized assignment and at the end of the 14-week semester. The BAOP scores of participants in the WBR-I group were significantly improved compared to controls (26.68 ± 7.85 and 22.93 ± 2.80, respectively; F = 18.23; p = .001 (<.01) indicating improved beliefs about the controllability of obesity. There were no significant changes to attitudes about individuals with obesity, as indicated by the ATOP scores. The findings of this pilot study suggest that a more intensive WBR programme that includes case-based learning scenarios that elicit critical thinking coupled with a standard WBR programme may reduce some aspects of weight bias.
Experimental results of EPCglobal phase 2 pilot with active RFID

Passive RFID and barcode system and are adopted to supply chain market and logistic service. However, barcodes can only be read at close proximity. Passive RFID relies on RF energy transferred from the reader to the tag to power the tag, so they can be read at short distances. This limits the usage of tag for certain applications. On the other hand, active RFID that has a battery increase the read range and reliability, it is promising for supply chain management and logistics. In 2007, EPCglobal that is the global RFID standards organization announced to experiment with active and passive RFIDs attached to pallet and items from Shanghai to Long beach by air. We implemented new active RFIDs for this trial experiment. Our new active RFID has an LF (Low Frequency) module, HF (High Frequency) module, UHF (Ultra High Frequency) module, sensors, and a logger that is installed in an actual pallet for air transportation with the function to be activated and/or be slept by HF Reader. The results of the pilot confirmed that our new active RFID has the enough functions for air transportation and logistics service with low power consumption.
Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms and Inflation in the Slovak Republic

This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis into monetary policy transmission mechanisms and inflation in the Slovak Republic. The estimated vector autoregression (VAR) model suggests that inflation is determined by changes in foreign prices, the exchange rate, and wage costs, with a modest effect of aggregate demand, in line with theory for small, open economies. Monetary policy is shown to affect inflation via these channels. Changes in money supply seem to have a modest but rapid impact on prices. The measured effect of interest rate changes is modest and gradual, although it appears to have become more important in recent years.
Requirement of Differentiative Signals of Both Interferon-γ and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 for Induction and Secretion of Interleukin-1 by HL-60 Cells

HL-60, a promyelocytic cell line, was treated with both recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (D3), and the effect on monocyte-specific markers was assessed. IFN-gamma and D3 modulated different stages in the monocytic differentiation with respect to interleukin-1 (IL-1) production and secretion. D3 induced production of an intracellular IL-1 activity that was not secreted after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. IFN-gamma did not induce intracellular IL-1 but differentiated HL-60 cells, which had been treated with D3, so that lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL-1 release. Both D3 and IFN-gamma individually enhanced expression of nonspecific esterase; in combination the two agents potentiated each other. Expression of cell surface Leu-M3 antigen was also enhanced by the combination of these two agents. Thus, IFN-gamma not only potentiated expression of D3-induced markers but also conferred phenotypic properties characteristic of monocytes. IFN-gamma may play a role in the differentiation of bone marrow cells to mature monocytes.
The Effects of Urban Form on Ambient Air Pollution and Public Health Risk: A Case Study in Raleigh, North Carolina

Since motor vehicles are a major air pollution source, urban designs that decrease private automobile use could improve air quality and decrease air pollution health risks. Yet, the relationships among urban form, air quality, and health are complex and not fully understood. To explore these relationships, we model the effects of three alternative development scenarios on annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) concentrations in ambient air and associated health risks from PM2.5 exposure in North Carolina's Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area. We integrate transportation demand, land-use regression, and health risk assessment models to predict air quality and health impacts for three development scenarios: current conditions, compact development, and sprawling development. Compact development slightly decreases (-0.2%) point estimates of regional annual average PM2.5 concentrations, while sprawling development slightly increases (+1%) concentrations. However, point estimates of health impacts are in opposite directions: compact development increases (+39%) and sprawling development decreases (-33%) PM2.5-attributable mortality. Furthermore, compactness increases local variation in PM2.5 concentrations and increases the severity of local air pollution hotspots. Hence, this research suggests that while compact development may improve air quality from a regional perspective, it may also increase the concentration of PM2.5 in local hotspots and increase population exposure to PM2.5 . Health effects may be magnified if compact neighborhoods and PM2.5 hotspots are spatially co-located. We conclude that compactness alone is an insufficient means of reducing the public health impacts of transportation emissions in automobile-dependent regions. Rather, additional measures are needed to decrease automobile dependence and the health risks of transportation emissions.
Dislocation Kinetics Behind Shear Shocks

High velocity oblique impact experiments result in both compression and shear shock waves. Behind the shear shock wave the particle velocity is transverse to the shock front. At large transverse particle velocities, dislocation kinetics can contribute a portion of the velocity. Based on a kinematic and thermodynamic model of dislocation kinetics, an analysis is made of the transverse strain and velocity behind a shear shock. Kinematics of dislocations in transverse motion behind the shock is formulated. A solution is given for an ideal case where the dislocation density function propagates as a pulse behind the shear shock.
A GRID-FREE DFT IMPLEMENTATION OF NON-LOCAL FUNCTIONALS AND ANALYTICAL ENERGY DERIVATIVES

Abstract We have previously developed a grid-free approach to implement local density functionals based entirely on matrix representations of operators known from conventional electronic structure methods (Y.C. Zheng and J. Almlof, Chem. Phys. Lett., 214 (1993) 397). In this article we present a scheme to implement non-local gradient corrected functionals and analytical energy derivatives of density functional theory. The results obtained show that our grid-free DFT approach is indeed a viable alternative to these grid-based methods.