cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Hepatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection with Terminal Dissemination in a Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

An adult, female, pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) of Indonesian origin presented with profound weight loss, anemia (PCV, 29%; normal, 36% to 45%), hypoalbuminemia (1.0 g/dL; normal, 3.5 to 5.2 g/dL), elevated alkaline phosphatase (1990 U/L; normal, 26 to 98 U/L), and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (75 mm/h; normal, less than 20 mm/h). Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated an enlarged liver with hyperechoic areas. Euthanasia was performed. Grossly, the liver had multifocal, effacing, white masses throughout and was enlarged with rounded edges. There were 2, small nodules in the right lung lobes. Histologically, the hepatic masses were densely fibrous-encapsulated granulomas with vast central necrosis. The lung nodules also were maturing granulomas, and one kidney and one atrium had small, early granulomas. Fite acid-fast stains of liver and lung revealed very few acid-fast bacilli. PCR analysis of paraffin-embedded liver identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Culture of the liver was negative twice. This macaque had 16 negative intradermal tuberculin skin tests over the course of 6 y. We hypothesize that the animal arrived with a latent hepatic or enteric infection that later recrudesced and disseminated. Primary hepatic mycobacteriosis is not a typical presentation of tuberculosis in macaques. Negative tuberculin skin tests can be seen with latent infections and extrapulmonary tuberculosis such as Pott disease. This case underscores the problems associated with current surveillance procedures and the risks associated with latent mycobacterial infections in macaques.
Factors Affecting the Estimation of Pregnanediol in Human Urine

The chromatographic and spectrophotometric features of the estimation of pregnanediol in urine has been re-evaluated. Spectral data for pregnanetriol and pregnanediol and critical features for the preparation of the activated alumina chromatographic column are given. Pregnanediol excretion patterns of 4 successive menstrual cycles in a female of reproductive age is given.
Wavelet packet based transient signal classification

Nonstationary signals are not well suited for detection and classification by traditional Fourier methods. An alternate means of analysis needs to be used so that valuable time-frequency information is not lost. The wavelet packet transform is one such time-frequency analysis tool. The authors summarize efforts which examine the feasibility of applying the wavelet packet transform to automatic transient signal classification through the development of a classification algorithm for biologically generated underwater acoustic signals in ocean noise. The formulation of a wavelet-packet based feature set specific to the classification of snapping shrimp and whale clicks is given. >
Biochemical Polymorphism and Systematics in the Genus Peromyscus. III. Variation in the Florida Deer Mouse (Peromyscus floridanus), a Pleistocene Relict

Electrophoretically demonstrable variation was analyzed in proteins encoded by 41 structural gene loci in 71 individuals of the Florida deer mouse ( Peromyscus floridanus ) representing four sample areas. Of the 39 loci that were scorable in all individuals, 15 (38 per cent) were polymorphic in one or more populations. The average number of alleles detected per polymorphic locus was 2.01 (range 2 to 3). Average individual heterozygosity was 5.3 per cent. Populations of P. floridanus are less variable genetically than sympatric populations of the old-field mouse ( P. polionotus ), but similar in this regard to populations of the latter species from t0he Florida Panhandle and from South Carolina and Georgia. Coefficients of genetic similarity for paired geographical populations of P. floridanus ranged from 0.96 to 0.98, reflecting little geographical variation in allele frequencies. A comparison of P. floridanus with P. polionotus from five regions yielded coefficients of genetic similarity varying from 0.31 to 0.33.
B - HIVE: a heterogeneous, interconnected, versatile and expandable multicomputer system

A 24 node multiprocessor computer system is currently under development at the N. C. State University. A diameter oriented ALPHA structure is used for interconnecting the computers which will operate in a MIMD mode. A communications processor is added to each node to satisfy data communications requirements in an efficient manner in a packet switched environment. A host computer will be used for program development and compilation. The software complexity will be reduced by the use of a static mapping of the partitioned computational flow diagram representing the algorithm to be executed. The long range goal of this research project is to develop a hierarchical structure with each node being replaced by a cluster of simple processors which are custom designed to implement computational primitives associated with digital signal and image processing applications.
Three‐dimensional interplanetary stream magnetism and energetic particle motion

Cosmic rays interact with mesoscale configurations of the interplanetary magnetic field. A technique is presented for calculating such configurations in the inner solar system, which are due to streams and source conditions near the sun, and maps of magnetic field are constructed for some plausible stream and source conditions. One effect of these mesoscale configurations on galactic cosmic rays is shown to be an out-of-the-ecliptic gradient drift sufficient to explain Forbush decreases. The effects on solar energetic particles include small polar drifts due to the field gradients and a possibly large modification of the time-intensity profiles and anisotropy characteristics due to the formation of mirror configurations in space. If a diffusion model is applicable to solar particles, the true diffusion coefficient will be masked by the effects of streams. A conceptual model which incorporates these ideas and those of several other models is presented.
Are the costs of 'free' too high in online education?

Considering the economic implications as educational institutions expand online learning initiatives.
Boundary element methods for transient convective diffusion. Part II: 2D implementation

A boundary element method for transient convective diffusion phenomena presented in Part I of the paper is extended to two dimensional problems. We introduce a series representation for the transient convective kernel and perform a time integration for the double integrals to evaluate coefficients of the time-discrete boundary integral equation. The time-integrated kernels are evaluated for the linear, quadratic and quartic time interpolation functions utilized in the paper. Then, linear, quadratic and quartic boundary elements as well as bi-linear, bi-quadratic and bi-quartic volume cells are introduced to ensure proper resolution in space for the two-dimensional formulation. Due to the singular nature of the transient convective diffusion kernels, integration of the kernels over the boundary elements and volume cells requires a considerable effort to maintain a desired level of accuracy. We define influence domains due to time-integrated and time-delayed kernels arising for the surface and volume integrals, respectively. Note that the kernel influences are extremely localized due to the convective nature of the kernels, thus, the surface and volume integrations are performed only within these domains of influence. The localization of the kernels becomes more prominent as the Peclet number of the flow increases. Due to increasing sparsity of the global matrix, iterative solvers become the primary choice for the convective diffusion problems.
The evolving literature on safety WalkRounds: emerging themes and practical messages

The evidence is clear: a strong culture of safety is necessary to deliver reliably safe care.1 Safety culture encompasses a group's shared values, assumptions, attitudes and patterns of behaviour regarding safety.2 ,3 In healthcare organisations with weak safety culture, employees perceive the low priority assigned to safety, and patient safety suffers as a result.4 Researchers measure safety culture using surveys that include items eliciting perceptions of policies, procedures and practices that reflect the extent to which the organisation prioritises safety relative to competing goals.4 Numerous studies find that higher safety climate correlates with better performance on a variety of outcomes.1 ,5–17 Research also shows that senior managers play a critical role in creating, changing and sustaining safety culture.2 ,4 Senior managers’ words and deeds receive outsize attention and greatly influence how frontline workers and middle managers perceive what their organisation values and rewards. We know less, though, about specific actions senior managers can take to effectively demonstrate their commitment to safety.18 Senior managers seeking to create a stronger culture of safety need to know what steps can overcome consistent differences between frontline workers’ and managers’ perceptions of safety climate. Frontline workers typically have more negative views of safety climate compared with senior managers.19–21 One approach for strengthening safety culture is for managers to spend time on the frontlines of care, talking with staff and observing work. The Lean literature refers to these types of programmes as Gemba walks.22 These walks aim to have senior managers observe concrete problems confronted by frontline staff in real time and foster stronger relationships with frontline staff.23 ,24 Gemba walks thus resemble ‘Management by Walking Around,’ popularised by Peters and Waterman's description of Hewlett–Packard's use of the programme in the 1980s. …
High incidence of sudden infant death syndrome among Northern Indians and Alaska Natives compared with Southwestern Indians: Possible role of smoking

Epidemiologic studies of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the United States have found a particularly high incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives compared with whites. This report shows that there is a remarkable difference in the incidence of SIDS between Northern Indians and Southwestern Indians. From 1984 through 1986, the incidence of SIDS was 4.6 per 1,000 live births among Indians and Alaska Natives in the Northern region of the United States, while the incidence among Southwestern Indians was 1.4 per 1,000 live births (risk ratio=3.4; 95 percent confidence interval=2.4–4.8). Among whites living in the same regions, the incidence of SIDS was 2.1 and 1.6 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The incidence among Native Americans in the Northern region was high in all five Indian Health Service Areas. Differences in socioeconomic status, maternal age, birth weight, and prenatal care did not appear to explain the higher incidence of SIDS among Northern Indians compared with Southwestern Indians. However, the prevalence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is exceptionally high among Northern Indians and Alaska Natives, while it is low among Southwestern Indians. This difference in smoking habits may explain, at least in part, the excess risk of SIDS among Indians in the Northern region. This report points to the need for effective smoking cessation programs for Native Americans, targeting in particular women of reproductive age.
Fundamental Investigation of Liquid Rubidium and Liquid Lithium Contamination

The increasing interest in possible applications of alkali metals in space technology is creating new demands in the area of liquid alkali-metal handling technology. The presence of contaminants in alkali-metal fluids can exert deleterious effects on thermophysical properties, corrosivity, and handling characteristics. This paper reviews the properties of pure rubidium and lithium and describes the extent and source of typical contamination. A current experimental investigation of the role of contamination in liquid rubidium and liquid lithium systems is discussed. An example of the rate o-f diffusion of atmospheric oxygen through a vent pipe into rubidium is given, and experimental evidence is cited for the influence of dissolved oxygen on the melting point, viscosity, and pumping characteristics of liquid rubidium. Based on the melting point depression data, it is confirmed that oxygen contaminant, in low concentrations, exists in liquid rubidium as rubidium monoxide.
Modeling cultural acquisition in online social networks

This research proposes to study the relationship between audience, context and disclosure in online social network sites. Studying a population of college students, the researchers will use a survey to explore how social maturity, perceived friend network size, and long-term goals affect the identity presented in online social networks. This goal of this analysis is to document a process of identity formation in online social networks. In the model, individuals choose strategies of identity presentation based on notions of in-group awareness, future-selves and social context. This model will be tested with survey methods.
A Quantitative Features Analysis of Recommended No- and Low-Cost Preschool E-Books.

In recent years, recommended e-books have drawn increasing attention from early childhood education professionals. This study applied a quantitative descriptive features analysis of cost (n = 70) and no-cost (n = 60) e-books recommended by the Texas Computer Education Association. While t tests revealed no statistically significant differences between features of cost and no-cost e-books, certain features were present in cost e-books that occurred more frequently. In discussing the implications, emphasis is placed on connecting use of e-books to planned activities having specific learning objectives, targeted instructional strategies, and consideration of universal design for learning principles.
Balancing Pluralism and the Common Good: A Look at Open-Air Experiments of Biowarfare Agents

(2003). Balancing Pluralism and the Common Good: A Look at Open-Air Experiments of Biowarfare Agents. Accountability in Research: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 109-121.
Managing Differences and Making Legislation: Social Movements and the Racialization, Sexualization, and Gendering of Federal Hate Crime Law in the U.S., 1985-1998

This work addresses a central question in both social problems theory and sociolegal studies: how can we understand and account for the content of legal categories that define social problems and attendant victims? It offers an empirical analysis of the emergence and evolution of federal hate crime laws—the Hate Crimes Statistics Act, the Violence Against Women Act, and the Rate Crimes Penalty Enhancement Act—that determine who is and is not eligible for hate crime victim status. By examining the legislative histories of these laws as evidence of “critical discursive moments” (Gamson 1992), I show how the substantive character of the law was shaped over time: 1 first establish a historical context for federal hate crime law: then I analyze how an important element hate crime law—the adoption of select status provisions, such as race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and disabilities—unfolded such that some victims of discriminatory violence have been recognized as hate crime victims while others have gone unnoticed. In particular, people of color, Jews, gays and lesbians, women, and those with disabilities increasingly have been recognized as victims of hate crime, while union members, the elderly, children, and police officers, for example, have not. The findings suggest that the content of federal hate crime law was shaped by a series of temporally bound institutionally qualified processes whereby: 1) the empirical credibility of the scope of hate crime as a social problem was established by the claimsmaking of established social movement organizations; 2) a trio of core provisions for hate crime law—race, religion, and ethnicity—was cemented as the anchoring provisions of all hate crime law through discursive strategies that rendered particular types of violence empirically credible and worthy of federal attention; 3) the domain of the law expanded to include additional provisions, most notably sexual orientation and gender, in qualitatively distinct ways; and 4) the increased differentiation of legal subjects in subsequent law occurred in ways consistent with previously established and institutionalized policy pedigrees. Taken together, these findings reveal how microlevel processes of categorization work, mesolevel processes of social movement mobilization, and larger processes of institutionalization interface as political actors create and coalesce around legal meanings that define both “condition-categories” and “people-categories” (Loseke 1993).
Additional visit burden for universal influenza vaccination of US school-aged children and adolescents.

Objective To estimate the additional primary care visits needed for universal influenza vaccination of all US children and adolescents if all vaccinations occurred in primary care settings. Design Cross-sectional design. Setting Well-child care and other visits to primary care practices from the 2003-2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Participants Children aged 5 to 18 years (n = 3047) with a usual source of care. Main Outcome Measure Percentage of children needing 0, 1, or 2 additional visits to be immunized against influenza in a 3-, 4-, or 5-month vaccination window. Results In a 3-month window, if only well-child care visits were used for first immunization, 97% of 5- and 6-year-olds and 98% of 7- and 8-year-olds would need 1 or 2 additional visits for complete vaccination; 95% of 9- to 18-year-olds would need 1 visit. If instead all visits were used for immunization, 90% of 5- and 6-year-olds and 91% of 7- and 8-year-olds would need 1 or 2 visits; 78% of 9- to 18-year-olds would need 1 visit. Expanding the window to 4 or 5 months slightly reduces the need for additional visits. Nationally, using all opportunities for vaccination, 42 million additional visits would be needed in a generous 5-month window. Conclusions Most children and adolescents would need additional visits for universal influenza vaccination, even if all existing visits were used as vaccination opportunities. Efficient methods for vaccinating large numbers of children and adolescents are needed if primary care practices are to provide influenza vaccine for all children.
Chromosome abnormalities of leukaemic B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Chromosome analyses have revealed abnormalities in many cases of lymphoma, non-lymphocytic leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Most studies on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CCL), however, have shown normal karyotypes1–4 although chromosomal abnormalities have been reported5,6 . In most of these studies specific surface marker analyses on leukaemic lymphocytes have not been carried out. It has been difficult to establish whether the metaphases seen in the majority of the CLL studies were from normal or from leukaemic cells. Recently, in one of our laboratories special interest has centred on cases of CLL with monoclonal serum protein bands; in two such cases with immunoglobulin M (IgM) bands, it was demonstrated with idiotypic antisera against the serum IgM band that the leukaemic lymphocytes were the precursors of plasma cells responsible for the monoclonal serum IgM7,8. In addition, the leukaemic lymphocytes of these patients could be stimulated in vitro to divide and to differentiate to plasma cells8. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines were obtained from the two patients. With the idiotypic determinants as leukaemia specific markers, certain of these lines were shown to be derived from leukaemic cells9. Thus, rapidly proliferating populations of cells, which could be identified with certainty as being of CLL origin, were available for chromosome analysis. In the present study, conventional G- and Q-banding techniques for karyotypic analysis were carried out on the leukaemic lymphocytes induced to divide in vitro and on the cells of the leukaemic lymphoblastoid lines. Aneuploid karyotypes were found in the leukaemic B cells of both patients.
Modified surgical techniques for relief of aortic obstruction in {S,L,L} hearts with rudimentary right ventricle and restrictive bulboventricular foramen

Modified techniques of aortopulmonary anastomosis were performed in six neonates with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance {S,L,L}, double-inlet left ventricle, and restrictive bulboventricular foramen area (mean index 1.10 cm 2 /m 2 ) with unobstructed aortic arch ( n = 3) or with hypoplasia ( n = 2) or interruption ( n = 1) of the aortic arch. In cases of unobstructed aortic arch, a flap of autogenous aortic tissue was used to augment the posterior aspect of the anastomosis of the main pulmonary artery to the ascending aorta, thus creating the potential for anastomosic growth; this technique is applicable regardless of the position of the ascending aorta relative to the main pulmonary artery. In case of levotransposition of the aorta with hypoplasia or interruption of the aortic arch, a modified Norwood procedure was performed, in that the proximal ascending aorta was divided at the same level as the main pulmonary artery with subsequent homograft patch augmentation from the main pulmonary artery-ascending aorta anastomosis to the level of the proximal descending aorta; this technique avoids a spiraling incision of the aorta and therefore reduces the risk of torsion of the aortic root with its inherent risks of obstruction of the coronary circulation and aortic or pulmonary valve regurgitation. There was no early or late mortality. At a mean follow-up of 16 months, in all patients, there was unobstructed aortic outflow, as evidenced by echocardiographic absence of a significant ventricular-aortic systolic gradient (mean 4.5 ± 4 mm Hg) and absence of distal aortic arch obstruction. There was no evidence of aortic or pulmonary valve regurgitation. The reported modified techniques provide effective relief of restrictive bulboventricular foramen and aortic obstruction in {S,L,L} hearts.
Imaging isolated strands of DNA molecules by atomic force microscopy

Abstract We have employed an atomic force microscope (AFM) to image in air isolated strands of pBS + plasmid DNA adsorbed onto freshly cleaved mica. At a DNA concentration below 0.3 μg/ml isolated strands of the plasmid DNA are usually seen, while for concentrations higher than 3 μg/ml a uniform coverage of inteconnected DNA strands was observed. We found that the contrast and the width of DNA were dependent upon humidity. When the relatively humidity exceeds 60%, negative contrast images with strand widths 20 times the width of DNA are found, while positive contrast images with 7 to 10 times the width of DNA are found when the humidity is below 30%. By placing the AFM in an environment where the humidity could be controlled, we were able to switch between positive and negative contrasts.
The calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 of toxoplasma influences basal calcium levels and functions beyond egress as revealed by quantitative phosphoproteome analysis

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are conserved in plants and apicomplexan parasites. In Toxoplasma gondii, TgCDPK3 regulates parasite egress from the host cell in the presence of a calcium-ionophore. The targets and the pathways that the kinase controls, however, are not known. To identify pathways regulated by TgCDPK3, we measured relative phosphorylation site usage in wild type and TgCDPK3 mutant and knock-out parasites by quantitative mass-spectrometry using stable isotope-labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). This revealed known and novel phosphorylation events on proteins predicted to play a role in host-cell egress, but also a novel function of TgCDPK3 as an upstream regulator of other calcium-dependent signaling pathways, as we also identified proteins that are differentially phosphorylated prior to egress, including proteins important for ion-homeostasis and metabolism. This observation is supported by the observation that basal calcium levels are increased in parasites where TgCDPK3 has been inactivated. Most of the differential phosphorylation observed in CDPK3 mutants is rescued by complementation of the mutants with a wild type copy of TgCDPK3. Lastly, the TgCDPK3 mutants showed hyperphosphorylation of two targets of a related calcium-dependent kinase (TgCDPK1), as well as TgCDPK1 itself, indicating that this latter kinase appears to play a role downstream of TgCDPK3 function. Overexpression of TgCDPK1 partially rescues the egress phenotype of the TgCDPK3 mutants, reinforcing this conclusion. These results show that TgCDPK3 plays a pivotal role in regulating tachyzoite functions including, but not limited to, egress.
In vitro effects of insulin and RPE on choroidal and scleral components of eye growth in chicks.

In chick eyes, exogenous insulin prevents the choroidal thickening caused by wearing positive lenses and increases ocular elongation and scleral glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, an indicator of eye growth. Using in vitro eye-cups, a novel experimental system, we examined the role of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and insulin on choroidal thickness and scleral GAG synthesis. Specifically, we asked whether insulin causes the release of diffusible factors from the RPE that affect the choroid. We studied the effect of insulin on choroidal thickness and scleral GAG synthesis by making eye-cups consisting of RPE, choroid, and sclera (RCS), choroid and sclera (CS), or just sclera from pairs of eyes. One eye-cup was cultured in 0.037, 0.37, 3.7 or 37 μM insulin dissolved in L-15 medium, and its pair was cultured in L-15 medium without insulin. Choroidal thickness in eye-cups was measured by A-scan ultrasonography before and after 20 h of incubation. Sulfate incorporation into GAGs (scleral GAG synthesis) was measured after 44 h of incubation. To further study the effect of RPE and insulin on the choroids, we prepared pairs of CS eye-cups cultured with vs. without RPE transplanted from donor eyes, in the presence or absence of 37 μM insulin. To study if insulin caused the RPE to produce diffusible factors that affected the choroid, we prepared medium conditioned by the RPE in the presence (experimental conditioned medium) or absence (control conditioned medium) of 37 μM insulin for 20 h. Experimental and control conditioned media were pooled separately, and an equal volume of medium containing 37 μM insulin was added to both experimental and control media. Pairs of CS eye-cups were cultured in conditioned medium (experimental vs. control). Choroidal thickness was measured before and after 20 h of incubation. Choroids in all eye-cups thickened after 20 h of incubation. Insulin reduced this natural choroidal thickening seen in culture significantly, but only if the RPE was present. This effect was dose-dependent and strongest at 37 μM. Insulin increased scleral GAG synthesis in both RCS and CS eye-cups, having a greater effect in the CS eye-cups. Insulin had no effect on scleral GAG synthesis in scleral eye-cups. Choroids of CS eye-cups cultured with transplanted RPE plus insulin thickened significantly less than choroids of eye-cups cultured with insulin but without the RPE. The reduction in choroidal thickening was similar to that seen in eye-cups with intact RPE (RCS). Choroidal thickening of CS eye-cups cultured with experimental conditioned medium was significantly reduced compared with their pairs cultured with control conditioned medium. In vitro, as in vivo, insulin prevents choroidal thickening and increases scleral GAG synthesis. Insulin causes the RPE to synthesize diffusible molecules that inhibit choroidal thickening. Insulin might also cause the choroid to produce secondary signals that affect scleral GAG synthesis.
Corrections for off-resonance effects and incomplete saturation in conventional (two-site) saturation-transfer kinetic measurements.

The effects of off-resonance irradiation and incomplete saturation on saturation-transfer measurements of chemical-exchange rates are discussed. With off-resonance effects there is no exact formula for the exchange rate constant from spin D to spin E, k(DE), in terms of observable signal intensities and relaxation rates. However, k(DE) can be estimated by measuring the effective spin-lattice relaxation rate constant of spin D when spin E is saturated, *R(1), plus signal intensities with no RF irradiation, M(0D) and M(0E); with irradiation of a control position, M'(D) and M'(E); and with saturation of spin E, *M(D) and *M(E). Several formulas are compared and the best formula for calculating k(DE) appears to be either k(DE) = *R(1) [(M'(D)- *M(D))/M(0D)]/[(M'(E) - *M(E))/M(0E)], or the same formula with M(0D) and M(0E) replaced by M'(D) and M'(E). These formulas are exact with incomplete saturation and no off-resonance effects, and are better than previously published formulas when off-resonance effects are present. More accurate formulas are available if signal intensities and relaxation rates can be measured while the exchange process is stopped. Magn Reson Med 43:810-819, 2000.
Laboratory simulation of impregnated filter collection of stratospheric hydrogen chloride and chlorine nitrate

Abstract Laboratory simulation suggests high collection efficiencies for chlorine nitrate (ca. 0.8) and hydrogen chloride (ca. 1.0) on chemically impregnated filters used in stratospheric in-situ chemical sampling. Measurements of stratospheric acidic chlorine using this technique would therefore include chlorine from ClONO 2 if the latter is present.
Urinary excretion of radioactive iodine, I131, in a case of severe hyperthyroidism.

SummaryInformation is given of the urinary excretion of radioactive iodine following administration of relatively large doses in a patient with severe hyperthyroidism. Administration of stable iodine (in Lugol's solution) after the urinary excretion of I131 had reached a low level resulted in a pronounced increase in this excretion, which lasted some 48 hours after discontinuing Lugol's solution. This increase in excretion of I131 was not observed following administration of Lugol's solution in one case of carcinoma of the thyroid with metastasis. Retention of 85% of the I131 by the thyroid agrees with other figures on the retention of I130 by the hyperplastic thyroid, when iodine has been withheld for a period of over 4 weeks prior to radioactive iodine.‡
Genetic and Clonal Dissection of Murine Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Progression by Genome Sequencing

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly lethal, smoking-associated cancer with few known targetable genetic alterations. Using genome sequencing, we characterized the somatic evolution of a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of SCLC initiated by loss of Trp53 and Rb1. We identified alterations in DNA copy number and complex genomic rearrangements and demonstrated a low somatic point mutation frequency in the absence of tobacco mutagens. Alterations targeting the tumor suppressor Pten occurred in the majority of murine SCLC studied, and engineered Pten deletion accelerated murine SCLC and abrogated loss of Chr19 in Trp53; Rb1; Pten compound mutant tumors. Finally, we found evidence for polyclonal and sequential metastatic spread of murine SCLC by comparative sequencing of families of related primary tumors and metastases. We propose a temporal model of SCLC tumorigenesis with implications for human SCLC therapeutics and the nature of cancer-genome evolution in GEMMs.
Numerical approach to hole shape effect on film cooling effectiveness over flat plate including internal impingement cooling chamber

Abstract Numerical approach have been conducted on a flat, three-dimensional discrete-hole film cooling geometries that included the mainflow, injection tubes, impingement chamber, and supply plenum regions. The effects of blowing ratio and hole’s shape on the distributions of flow field and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness over a flat plate collocated with two rows of injection holes in staggered-hole arrangement were studied. The blowing ratio was varied from 0.3 to 1.5, while the density ratio of the coolant to mainstream is kept at 1.14. The geometrical shapes of the vent of the cooling holes are cylindrical round, simple angle (CYSA), forward-diffused, simple angle (FDSA) and laterally diffused, simple angle (LDSA). Diameter of different shape of cooling holes in entrance surface are 5.0 mm and the injection angle with the main stream in streamwise and spanwise are 35° and 0° respectively. Ratio of the length of the cooling holes and the diameter in the entrance surface is 3.5. The distance between the holes in the same row as well as to the next row is three times the diameter of hole in the entrance surface. The governing equation is the fully elliptic, three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The mesh used in the finite-volume numerical computation is the multi-block and body-fitted grid system. The simulated streamwise distribution of spanwise-averaged film cooling effectiveness exhibited that low Reynolds number k – e model can give close fit to the experimental data of the previous investigators. Present study reveals that (1) the geometrical shape of the cooling holes has great effect on the adiabatic film cooling efficiency especially in the area near to the cooling holes. (2) The thermal-flow field over the surface of the film-cooled tested plate dominated by strength of the counter-rotating vortex pairs (CRVP) that generated by the interaction of individual cooling jet and the mainstream. For LDSA shape of hole, the CRVP are almost disappeared. The LDSA shape has shown a highest value in distribution of spanwise-averaged film cooling effectiveness when the blowing ratio increased to 1.5. It is due to the structure of the LDSA is capable of reducing the momentum of the cooling flow at the vent of the cooling holes, thus reduced the penetration of the main stream. (3) The structure of the LDSA can also increase the lateral spread of the cooling flow, thus improves the spanwise-averaged film cooled efficiency.
An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Free Surface Segregation of Impurities in Platinum and Palladium

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to observe the free surface segregation of impurities in samples of platinum and palladium. Heating in vacuo to 600°C promoted the surface segregation of silver, gold, and carbon in platinum and the surface segregation of silver and sulfur in palladium. All species segregated in their elemental form. The core level binding energies of the silver and gold segregants were lower than those measured for the corresponding pure metal states.
Blindness From Bad Bones

Abstract Progressive visual loss is the most common neurologic finding in osteopetrosis. Several mechanisms may explain this phenomenon, including compression of the optic nerves caused by bony overgrowth of the optic canals and retinal degeneration. We report a child with osteopetrosis and progressive visual loss, even though patent optic canals were demonstrated by computed tomography and digital holography. This patient’s visual loss was caused by increased intracranial pressure secondary to obstruction of cerebral venous outflow at the jugular foramen. This case points to the importance of a full evaluation of the skull base foramina in the diagnostic workup of visual loss in patients with osteopetrosis.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING VARIABLES ON MICROBIAL QUALITY AND SHELF‐LIFE OF BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) MEAT

The effects of cooking time, cooking method, season, and storage condition on the microbiological quality, sensory characteristics, and shelf-life of crabmeat were determined under commercial processing conditions. Microbial flora content of the meat was inversely proportional (p 0.05) to the cooking time in both total aerobic and anaerobic plate counts after 6 and 9 days at 2.2C during summer. Boiled cooked crabmeat showed higher microbial count (1–2 log cycle) and shorter shelf-lives than 10 and 12 min retort cooked meat. During summer, the shelf-life of the meat as determined by a sensory evaluation, was: 15.5 days at 0.0C; 12.5 days at 2.2C; and 8.5 days at 5.6C.
Whispering-gallery modes in microring lasers made from conjugated polymers

Stimulated emission has been reported in various semiconducting conjugated polymers, and the prospect of compact electrically pumped polymer lasers is exciting. Very recently, we were able to obtain unambiguous features of optically pumped laser emission from a poly[2,5-bis-(2'ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (BEH-PPV) film contained in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Independent measurements revealed large optical gain that enables lasing in very small volumes, assuming that the suitable feedback is provided. Microcavities are easy to integrate and have the advantage that high Q values can be obtained even in very small and controllable mode volumes in which the current densities necessary for electrical pumping can in principle be achieved. We demonstrate threshold behavior of laser modes in two different microring configurations under optical excitation.
A Theoretical Test of Bullying Behavior: Parenting, Personality, and the Bully/Victim Relationship

An index of bullying behavior was used to measure the extent that 527 university students (51% female and 49% male) were involved in bullying in the past couple of months. This index included measures of physical, verbal, indirect-relational, property, coercive, racial, and sexual bullying. Participants were classified into the categories of bully (23.7%), victim (19.9%), bully/victim (9.6%), and not involved in bullying. The type of parenting the students were exposed to growing up and the presence of personality traits reflective of Reintegrative Shaming Theory were also measured. Current bullying was positively associated with being a bully during childhood, impulsiveness, having a tendency to displace shame, being male, being exposed to parental stigmatization, and being younger. Being a victim was positively associated with a tendency to internalize shame, being a victim during childhood, being younger, and being a childhood bully. Shame displacement was negatively associated with being a victim.
The use of groups in a city psychiatric hospital.

Few would disagree that therapy of 80 minimally verbal and otherwise impoverished ward patients, on a shortterm basis, is “a formidable challenge.”
Abstract 5567: Pancreatic disease-specific carriers of the CA 19-9 antigen identified by antibody microarrays and mass spectrometry

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Distinguishing patients with malignant pancreatic tumors from those with benign conditions is critical for doctors to make proper treatment decisions. However, this process is usually costly and invasive due to the lack of a simple detection method such as a blood test. The current standard serological biomarker of pancreatic cancer, the CA 19-9 antigen, is not accurate enough for early diagnosis due to its occasional elevation in benign pancreatic diseases. The CA 19-9 antigen is a carbohydrate epitope found on multiple protein carriers. We sought to determine whether the protein carriers of the CA 19-9 antigen are different between benign and malignant pancreatic disease, and whether these differences could be harnessed to develop improved biomarkers. Two approaches were used to investigate this question. In the first, we used antibody microarrays to capture multiple different mucins from the sera of early-stage pancreatic cancer patients (n = 33), late-stage pancreatic cancer patients (n = 17), pancreatitis patients (n = 38), and healthy control subjects (n = 20), and we probed the level of the CA 19-9 antigen on the captured proteins using a monoclonal antibody. Pancreatic cancer progression was associated with a shift in CA 19-9 carriers from MUC16 to MUC1 and MUC5AC. Certain monoclonal antibodies captured glycoforms of MUC1 that predominantly carried CA 19-9 in the cancer patients. Because of that relationship, the detection of CA 19-9 on specific protein glycoforms improved the discrimination of cancer from control subjects over total CA 19-9 (AUC= 0.93 vs. AUC=0.86. In the second approach, we immunoprecipitated CA19-9 carrier proteins from pooled sera of late-stage cancer, early-stage cancer, pancreatitis, and control subjects, followed by deglycosylation and mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/TOF). Several proteins were identified in the sera of the cancer patients but not in the sera of pancreatitis or control subjects, indicating the possible identification of state-specific carriers of CA 19-9. Ongoing studies are aimed at verifying these identifications and testing performance as biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. These findings may lead to more accurate methods of discriminating benign from malignant pancreatic disease, which would improve the ability to render proper care to patients at the earliest possible stages. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5567.
Characterization of Devonian Shales With X-Ray-Computed Tomography

The paper investigates use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) for determining properties of Devonian shales. A dual-scan method is used to determine storage distribution quantitatively. Fractures considerably smaller than the resolution of the instrument were detected. Features observed in the CT images were validated by thin-section analysis.
3D ultrasound as sparse data for intraoperative brain deformation model

During neurosurgery, intraoperative brain shift comprises the accuracy of image guided techniques. We are investigating the use of ultrasound as an inexpensive means of gaining 3D data on subsurface tissue deformation. Measured displacement of easily recognizable features can then be used to drive a computational model for a description of full volume deformation. Subsurface features identified in the ultrasound image plane are located in world space using a 3D optical tracking system mounted to the ultrasound scanhead. This tracking system is also co- registered with the model space derived from preoperative MR, allowing the ultrasound image plane to e reconstructed in MR space, and the corresponding oblique MR slice to be obtained. The ultrasound image tracker has been calibrated with a novel strategy involving multiple scans of N-shaped wires positioned at several depths. Mean calibration error is found to range from 0.43 mm to 0.76 mm in plane and 0.86 mm to 1.51 mm out of plane for the two ultrasound image scales calibrated. Improved ultrasound calibration and co- registration facilitates subsurface feature tracking as a first step in obtaining model constraints for intraoperative image compensation. Estimation of and compensation for brain shift through the low cost, efficient technology of ultrasound, combined with computational modeling is feasible and appears to be a promising means of improving intraoperative image guided techniques.
Negative magnetoresistance in glassy carbon

Abstract The magnetoresistance of glassy carbon, heat treated for 3 hours between 1200 and 2700°C, has been measured at temperatures from 3 to 100 K in magnetic fields of up to 5 T. The magnetoresistance is generally negative and saturated with reciprocal temperature, but still increases as a function of magnetic field. The maximum negative magnetoresistance measured was 2.2% for material heat treated at 2700°C. Several empirical models based on the idea that negative magnetoresistance is proportional to the square of the magnetic moment have been used in an attempt to fit the data the best fit is obtained for the simplest model combining Curie and Pauli paramagnetism for heat-treatment temperatures greater than 1600°C. The proportionality parameters increase approximately linearly with heat-treatment temperature. Positive magnetoresistance was found only in material heat treated to less than 1600°C and at low measurement temperatures.
Detection of Activated Platelets in Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Thromboembolism is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). To the authors' knowledge, the role of platelets in thromboembolic events associated with IMHA has not been extensively investigated. In the study reported here, we evaluated cell membrane expression of P-selectin with flow cytometry to determine whether platelets circulate in an activated state in association with primary IMHA. Median P-selectin expression for 20 dogs with primary IMHA was 8.1-fold greater, compared with values for 20 healthy dogs. Fifteen of 20 dogs (75%) with IMHA had P-selectin median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values that exceeded the reference interval for healthy dogs. Additionally, P-selectin MFI after activation of platelets with phorbol myristate acetate was 2.1-fold greater for dogs with IMHA than for healthy control dogs. Despite treatment of all dogs with immunosuppressive therapy and 18 dogs with subcutaneously administered low-dose unfractionated heparin, 7 dogs developed clinical signs consistent with thromboembolism. These data provide support for the hypothesis that platelets circulate in an activated state in many dogs with IMHA.
Broadening the concept of marketing.

Marketing is a pervasive societal activity that goes considerably beyond the selling of toothpaste, soap, and steel. The authors interpret the meaning of marketing for nonbusiness organizations and...
Prophylactic fluconazole promotes reepithelialization in full-face carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing.

Background and Objective: Laser skin resurfacing is used to treat photodamaged skin, rhytids, and acne scarring. Many patients are placed on antibiotics and antivirals pre- and postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prophylactic fluconazole increased the rate of reepithelialization in patients undergoing full-face CO 2 laser skin resurfacing. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ninety-one patients underwent full-face CO 2 laser skin resurfacing with the Coherent Ultrapulse 5000C. At least two passes of 300 mJ, density 5, were used except peri-ocularly. Study group I consisted of 48 consecutive patients who received either cephalexin or ciprofloxacin for 7 days postoperatively. Study group II consisted of 43 patients who received 300 mg of fluconazole on postoperative days 3-8, in addition to ciprofloxacin. Both groups received acyclovir 400 mg t.i.d. pre- and postoperatively. Results: Time to complete reepithelialization was compared between the groups by t-test. Group II reepithelialized significantly faster than group I (7.65 ± 1.20 days vs. 10.27 ± 2.94 days; P < 0.0001). Ninety-five percent of patients receiving fluconazole (group II) healed completely by day 9 versus only 53% of patients in group I. Conclusion: Fluconazole administered postoperatively between days 3 and 8 significantly promotes reepithelialization in patients undergoing full-face CO 2 laser skin resurfacing.
The vocational interests of drug-dependent patients.

-To investigate che Strong Vocational Interest Blank profiles of a group of drug abusers participating in a voluntary VA Drug Abuse Program profiles were obtained for 65 male veterans ranging in age from 1 8 to 44 yr. Mean scores are reported for the Basic Interest Scales, the Occupational Scales. and the Non-occupational Scales. The responses by the patients did not yield significant numbers of high or low scores. Among the Occupational Scales there was nor a single mean standard score in the " A range. The profiles were basically bland but suggested a people orientation with manipulative aspirations. An interpretation of the high and low scores is discussed. It appeared that the profiles were relatively stable and were not likely to change substantially over time.