cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SEE ONE, DO ONE, BUT NEVER TEACH ONE? AN ANALYSIS OF RESIDENT TEACHING ASSIST CASES UNDER VARIOUS LEVELS OF ATTENDING SUPERVISION

Abstract Background Surgical training has traditionally relied on increasing levels of resident autonomy. We sought to analyze the outcomes of senior resident teaching assist (TA) cases performed with a structured policy including varying levels of staff supervision. Methods Retrospective review at a military medical center of TA cases from 2009 to 2014. The level of staff supervision included staff scrubbed (SS), staff present and not scrubbed (SP), or staff not present but available (NP). Operative variables were analyzed. An anonymous survey of residents and attendings at 6 military programs regarding experience and opinions on TA cases was distributed. Results 389 TA cases were identified. The majority (52%) were performed as NP. Operative times were shorter for NP cases (p 0.05). Survey results demonstrated agreement amongst staff and residents that allowing selective NP was critical for achieving resident competence. Conclusion There were no identified adverse effects on intraoperative or postoperative complications. This practice is a critical component of training senior residents to transition to independent practice.
2017 Elijah High-Altitude Balloon Launch Team Summer Proceedings Report

The 2017 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium Elijah High-Altitude Balloon Launch Team was comprised of one student from Lawrence University, two students from the Milwaukee School of Engineering, and one student from the University of Wisconsin â€“ Fox Valley. This year, three members of the team had experience with high altitude balloon launches due to previous participation on either the Elijah Payload or Launch Team, or both. A training session was hosted by Dr. Farrow to familiarize or refresh the team with the physical setup of a launch train as well as how to run track predictions and how to read the jet stream charts. Launches were planned and carried out for the Elijah High-Altitude Balloon Payload Team. This launch was successful, reaching a peak altitude of over 115,000 ft (35 km) above mean sea level.
Low-dose corticosteroids in septic shock: Has the pendulum shifted?

Purpose The utility of low-dose corticosteroids in septic shock is reviewed. Summary Low-dose corticosteroids are suggested as treatment for septic shock patients who remain hemodynamically unstable despite adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. However, the risks and benefits of corticosteroids are unclear in this patient population. Previous multicenter trials have yielded conflicting results on the survival benefits of corticosteroids. The recently published Adjunctive Corticosteroid Treatment in Critically Ill Patients with Septic Shock (ADRENAL) and Activated Protein C and Corticosteroids for Human Septic Shock (APROCCHSS) trials provide valuable but opposing insight into this ongoing debate. Discordant findings related to mortality in these trials are likely related to differences in study design, corticosteroid regimen, and baseline characteristics among enrolled patients. The utility of adding fludrocortisone to hydrocortisone compared with using hydrocortisone alone is unclear. There does not appear to be an advantage to administering corticosteroids as a continuous infusion to reduce the rate of hyperglycemia or providing a taper to prevent rebound hypotension. Conclusion The mortality benefit of corticosteroids appears to be greatest in septic shock patients with high vasopressor requirements, evidence of multiorgan failure, and primary lung infections. Corticosteroids consistently lead to a faster reversal of shock and may shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation. Corticosteroids do not seem to increase the risk of superinfection at low doses but frequently lead to a higher frequency of hyperglycemia. We recommend the administration of corticosteroids to septic shock patients with escalating doses of vasopressors and evidence of multiorgan dysfunction.
Plasma methionine concentrations and incidence of hypermethioninemic encephalopathy during infancy in a large cohort of 36 patients with classical homocystinuria in the Republic of Ireland

Background Classical homocystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by profound cystathionine β-synthase deficiency. Its biochemical hallmarks are high concentrations of plasma homocyst(e)ine and methionine. Clinical manifestations include lens dislocation, developmental delay, skeletal anomalies, or thromboembolism. Limited literature exists outlining the risk of encephalopathy associated with hypermethioninemia presenting in children with classical homocystinuria. Aim To assess the quality of metabolic control and plasma methionine concentrations in infancy in a cohort of 36 patients with classical homocystinuria in the Republic of Ireland. Methods Review of biochemical and clinical data including neuroradiological results that are available for the first year of life in our patients diagnosed on newborn screening was performed with appropriate consent and ethical approval. Results and discussion Median total homocyst(e)ine and methionine plasma concentrations were 78 and 55 μmol/L, respectively. Methionine concentrations were significantly higher in neonates as opposed to older children. The highest methionine level identified was 1329 μmol/L in a child who presented clinically with encephalopathy. Elevated homocyst(e)ine and methionine levels are associated with significant morbidities. Therefore, prevention of complications requires prompt recognition and treatment. Chronic and acute complications may be encountered in patients with classical homocystinuria and plasma methionine concentrations pose an additional risk factor.
Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus in Strongyles

An emulsion prepared from adult strongyles collected from an equine infectious anaemia (EIA) infected pony and inoculated subcutaneously into susceptible ponies transmitted the virus. The virus was not detected in the eggs of these parasites using the same procedure.
Novel Single and Multiple Shell Uniform Sampling Schemes for Diffusion MRI Using Spherical Codes

A good data sampling scheme is important for diffusion MRI acquisition and reconstruction. Diffusion Weighted Imaging DWI data is normally acquired on single or multiple shells in q-space. The samples in different shells are typically distributed uniformly, because they should be invariant to the orientation of structures within tissue, or the laboratory coordinate frame. The Electrostatic Energy Minimization EEM method, originally proposed for single shell sampling scheme in dMRI by Jones et al., was recently generalized to the multi-shell case, called generalized EEM GEEM. GEEM has been successfully used in the Human Connectome Project HCP. Recently, the Spherical Code SC concept was proposed to maximize the minimal angle between different samples in single or multiple shells, producing a larger angular separation and better rotational invariance than the GEEM method. In this paper, we propose two novel algorithms based on the SC concept: 1 an efficient incremental constructive method, called Iterative Maximum Overlap Construction IMOC, to generate a sampling scheme on a discretized sphere; 2 a constrained non-linear optimization CNLO method to update a given initial scheme on the continuous sphere. Compared to existing incremental estimation methods, IMOC obtains schemes with much larger separation angles between samples, which are very close to the best known solutions in single shell case. Compared to the existing Riemannian gradient descent method, CNLO is more robust and stable. Experiments demonstrated that the two proposed methods provide larger separation angles and better rotational invariance than the state-of-the-art GEEM and methods based on the SC concept.
An Agent-based Model to Study Competitive Construction Bidding and the Winner’s Curse

Abstract Reverse auction theory is the basis for competitive construction bidding process. The lowest bid method is utilized for selecting contractors in public projects. The winning contractor having the lowest bid value could be cursed when the submitted bid value results in negative profits. This is caused by many factors such as the contractor’s estimation accuracy and markup. This is addressed in this paper by providing a model simulating the construction competitive bidding and the occurrence of the winner’s curse. To this end, the authors show the extent to which the winner’s curse affects the status of contracting companies. The objectives are to understand the characteristics of the competitive bidding phase in construction and to study the behavior of contractors subject to competitive bidding and the occurrence of the winner’s curse. As such, the authors implemented a two-step methodology that incorporates (1) developing a general simulation model involving a population of contractors and projects using agent-based modeling for the competitive bidding process and (2) analyzing the results of the simulation model. This model should provide a better understanding to the construction profession as in contractors, project owners and Departments of Transportation of how decisions are made in this bidding environment.
Responses to Female Sexual Power Portrayals in Ads: An Abstract

Although previous research has investigated the impact of sexual objectification portrayals of women on receivers (Peterson and Kerin 1977), there is a dearth of research that examines the impact of females portrayed in a sexually powerful manner. The current research intends to fill this gap by studying these effects and identifying their underlying mechanisms. Sexual power has been identified as one of the dimensions of female power portrayals in contemporary advertisements (Kordrostami 2017). Female sexual power in advertisements is defined as the power of exercising sexuality and attractiveness in such a way that males view women as “alluring” and “seductive” (Kordrostami 2017).
Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Facilitate Removal of a Tracheal Foreign Body in an Adult.

Abstract The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been described to facilitate removal a laryngeal and/or tracheal and foreign body that resulted from aspiration. Most of these descriptions have been acute cases in the pediatric population. We present the case of a foreign body, cervical screw, in an adult female that resulted from dislodgment and migration into the sub-glottic space through the membraneous trachea. Atraumatic intubation was not possible, therefore a supra-glottic airway (SGA) was placed after induction, venous - venous (v-v) ECMO was used to oxygenate the patient and the foreign body was removed through the trachea.
Paradigm shifts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the business world in historic proportions. Whereas the short-term effects have been felt by many, the long-term effects of the pandemic will likely create paradigm shifts of unknown impact. The novelty of this situation has had drastic and potentially lasting organizational effects. We use existing research to explore and presage the effects of these paradigm shifts across multiple domains including: job security, financial consequences, remote work, worker wellbeing, and career attitudes. By exploring the implications in each area of business, the hope is that researchers and practitioners can better prepare for a post-pandemic future.
Saliency-based segmentation of dermoscopic images using color information.

Skin lesion segmentation is one of the crucial steps for an efficient non-invasive computer-aided early diagnosis of melanoma. In this paper, we investigate how saliency and color information can be usefully employed to determine the lesion region. Unlike most existing saliency-based methods, to discriminate against the skin lesion from the surrounding regions we enucleate some properties related to saliency and color information and we propose a novel segmentation process using binarization coupled with new perceptual criteria based on these properties. To refine the accuracy of the proposed method, the segmentation step is preceded by a pre-processing aimed at reducing the computation burden, removing artifacts, and improving contrast. We have assessed the method on two public databases including 1497 dermoscopic images and compared its performance with that of classical saliency-based methods and with that of some more recent saliency-based methods specifically applied to dermoscopic images. Results of qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the proposed method are promising as the obtained skin lesion segmentation is accurate and the method performs satisfactorily in comparison to other existing saliency-based segmentation methods.
IMPROVEMENT ON COMPLETE ODF DETERMINATION OF CUBIC SYSTEM MATERIALS

Suitable method and relevant software for micro-computer were developed on the basis of revision of the maximum entropy method (MEM) for determining the com- plete ODF of macrostatistical symmetrical cubic system materials. The method was verified by testing the complete ODF of the cold-rolled phosphoratic steel sheet, and seemed to be re- liable and practicable.
Crimes, Widgets, and Plea Bargaining: An Analysis of Charge Content, Pleas, and Trials

This article considers how the composition and gravamen of a charged crime can affect the parties’ willingness and ability to engage in plea bargaining. Most of the prevailing descriptions of plea bargaining ignore or discount the importance of charge content in plea negotiations. In fact, one leading commentator has likened crimes to widgets insofar as plea bargaining is concerned. In developing its counter-thesis, this article reviews seven years of federal conviction data, focusing on those crimes that produce the most and fewest trials relative to how often they are alleged; the most and fewest acquittals at trial; and the most and fewest plea bargains that involve a substantial alteration in charges. Overall, the data demonstrate that the character of and circumstances that surround a particular offense can catalyze or frustrate plea bargaining. Similar information to that utilized in and gleaned from this study, it is also argued, can and should be considered in connection with the adoption of new crimes and the re-evaluation of existing offenses. This information would provide legislatures with insight into how a proposed crime is likely to be utilized, and how current crimes are being used.
Giant sliding inguinal hernia requiring intraoperative aspiration of fluid: a case report and literature review.

Giant inguinal hernias are defined as inguinal hernias that extend below the midpoint of the inner thigh when the patient is in the standing position or an anteroposterior diameter of at least 30 cm or a laterolateral diameter of ~50 cm with non-reducibility for >10 years. This article presents a 39-year-old male with a five-year history of a giant left inguinal hernia that was treated with left inguinal hernia repair with mesh, orchiectomy, complicated scrotoplasty, intraoperative ultrasound and aspiration of 3.9 L of fluid from the hernia sac. Surgical repair of giant inguinal hernias can be challenging and is associated with a variety of complications. Various modalities have been described to assist in hernia reduction including debulking, or, as in this case, aspiration of the hernia sac and a preperitoneal incision. Although the Lichtenstein tension free repair is commonly used, no standard approach has been accepted.
Using SQL Windows and Centura: techniques for building client/server solutions

Partial table of contents: INTRODUCTION TO SQLWINDOWS. Overview of Client/Server Architecture. SQLWindows Architecture. Rapid Prototyping. Developing Codeless Applications. Using SQLBase with SQLWindows. CUSTOMIZATION. Application Tools: Outline, Tool Palette, and Options Bar. SQLWindows Application Language (SAL). Functions--Presentation. Connectivity Issues: Database and Other Products. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
Experiment‐Wise Error Rate

Multiple comparisons are frequently performed in medical experiments. These occur when dealing with multiple treatments, multiple endpoints, multiple subgroups, or multiple looks. Use of the nominal significance level for each comparison results in an inflated overall type I error rate, called the experiment-wise error rate. Approaches for controlling this error rate are discussed and a number of references are provided. Keywords: Bonferroni inequality; family-wise error rate; false discovery rate; hypothesis testing; multiple comparisons; multiplicity; power; type I error
Computer-assisted evaluation of polydisperse two-dimensional gel patterns of polysaccharide-protein conjugate preparations with regard to size and net charge.

Native Hemophilus influenzae polysaccharide-protein conjugate particles were analyzed by a two-dimensional agarose electrophoresis procedure. In view of their preparation by random chemical crosslinking, the conjugates necessarily exhibit a polydisperse two-dimensional gel pattern which varies depending on the conditions of the particular preparation. The polydisperse patterns were interpreted with regard to the size and surface net charge density of the conjugate on the basis of the extended Ogston model. Data processing was performed by a new program, designated ZWEIDI.DO, written in the language of M-LAB (modeling laboratory). The program computes particle and gel fiber specific parameters from the positions of standards and unknown(s) on the two-dimensional gel using a simultaneous linear least-square curve fitting routine. Based on these calculations, the program serves to compute a nomogram of iso-size and iso-free-mobility profiles. Superimposing these profiles on the gel patterns, the size and free mobility range of the polydisperse conjugate mixtures is obtained. Potentially, the procedure could serve as a tool for quality control in the production of conjugates as vaccines and for the physical characterization of polydisperse subcellular particles and vesicles.
Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program.

Introduction: Endonasal surgery represents a radical change in the practice of cranial base surgery and requires the acquisition of new knowledge and surgical skills. The optimal training program for surgeons has not been established. Methods: We reviewed our experience with endonasal cranial base surgery from 1998 to 2006 to develop a training plan for the acquisition of surgical skills. It consists of a modular and incremental approach to endonasal skull base surgery that is designed to train surgeons to function as a team, learn endoscopic skull base anatomy, and develop fundamental endoscopic skills. Results: Stages of training are established for the otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon and the neurosurgeon that are based on level of technical difficulty, potential risk of vascular and neural injury, and unfamiliar endoscopic anatomy. Mastery of each level is recommended before attempting procedures at a higher level. Conclusions: Standardization of training and the adoption of a modular, incremental training program are expected to facilitate the training of endonasal surgeons in both surgical specialties. Adherence to such a program during the growth phase of endoscopic skull base surgery may decrease the risk of complications as the surgeon's knowledge and surgical expertise develop.
Respiratory symptoms and intensity of occupational dust exposure.

Objectives: Occupational exposure to dusts may result in chronic respiratory symptoms. Methods: To investigate the utility of obtaining a history of occupational exposure to dust in US veterans, a respiratory health survey was conducted between 1988 and 1992 in a community-based cohort of US veterans in southeastern Massachusetts that were eligible for Veterans’ Affairs (VA) healthcare benefits but were not regular users. A mail questionnaire was used to obtain a history of cough, phlegm, and wheeze, work in a dusty job, and duration, type, and intensity of dust exposure. Information on cigarette use and other possible confounders was obtained. Results: In 2,617 white men, after the data had been adjusted for cigarette smoking, age, distance to the nearest major roadway, and chronic respiratory disease, the relative odds of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and persistent wheeze attributable to occupational dust exposure was increased twofold. Risk also increased, based on exposure intensity. For heavy dust exposure the OR was 1.98 (95% CI 1.39–2.81) for chronic cough, 2.82 (95% CI 2.03–3.93) for chronic phlegm, and 2.70 (95% CI 1.95–3.75) for persistent wheeze. Conclusions: After active cigarette smoking and other possible confounders had been considered, it was found that dust exposure was related to respiratory symptoms in US veterans and that the greatest risk was attributable to heavy intensity exposure.
Mdm2 sensitizes MCF7 breast cancer cells to cisplatin or carboplatin.

Overexpression of Mdm2 in cancer cells with otherwise wild‐type p53 is believed to be an alternative mechanism for p53 inactivation during carcinogenesis. Because a number of genetic alterations that inactivate p53, including mutation, homozygous deletion, or viral oncoprotein expression (e.g. HPV16‐E6), inhibit DNA repair, we tested the hypothesis that Mdm2 would likewise inhibit DNA repair. Repair of cisplatin‐induced DNA damage was reduced in MCF7 cells overexpressing Mdm2, compared to MCF7 cells in which wild‐type p53 function was intact. MCF7‐Mdm2 cells exhibited preferential sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin. MCF7‐Mdm2 cells showed a pronounced S‐phase arrest after cisplatin treatment, similar to that observed in mutant‐p53 cells in the present and prior studies. MCF7 cells with intact wild‐type p53, on the other hand, arrested primarily in G2/M phase after cisplatin treatment. These findings indicate that Mdm2 overexpression can recapitulate the effect of p53 mutations on DNA repair of cisplatin lesions.
Sonication-assisted extraction of chitin from shells of fresh water prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

The effect of sonication during chitin extraction from freshwater prawn shells on yield, purity, and crystallinity of chitin was investigated. Dry prawn shells were suspended for 4 h in 0.25 M HCl at 40 degrees C while they were sonicated for 0, 1, and 4 h. Demineralized shells were lyophilized, resuspended in 0.25 M NaOH, and sonicated again for 0, 1, and 4 h for protein removal. The yield of chitin decreased from 8.28 to 5.02% for nonsonicated and sonicated samples, respectively, which was attributed to losses of depolymerized materials in the wash water. The application of ultrasound enhanced the removal of proteins. In nontreated shells, the amount of protein was 44.01% and was reduced to 12.55, 10.59, and 7.45% after 0, 1, and 4 h of sonication treatments. The glucosamine content slightly decreased with sonication probably because of losses due to depolymerization. The crystallinity indices of chitins decreased as the time of sonication increased. The degree of acetylation of chitins was unaffected by sonication, but the degree of acetylation of chitosans produced from sonicated chitin decreased from 70.0 to 68.7 and 61.4% for 1 and 4 h sonicated samples, respectively.
A PROBABILISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CORROSION DAMAGE IN AGING AIRCRAFT

Damage tolerance analysis is deterministic although there is significant uncertainty in crack growth rate data and in the detection of cracks by NonDestructive Inspection. Sample mean and standard deviation of the crack growth constant for aluminum were determined from regression analysis of crack growth data for several corrosion conditions. The crack growth rate was numerically integrated to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the crack length. The reliability, defined as the probability that the crack length exceeds the critical crack length, was calculated as a function of loading cycles. Results show that although the crack growth rates for corroded material falls within the scatter bands from traditional damage tolerance analysis, corrosion has a very distinctive effect on the reliability function. Reliability analysis is proposed as a suitable design tool for damage tolerance of aircraft structures with hidden corrosion.
Psychological factors associated with poor sleep prior to breast surgery: an exploratory study.

This study explored the relationship between psychological factors (including intrusive thoughts, anxiety, well-being, depressed mood) and poor sleep the night before surgery. Patients (N = 39) scheduled for breast surgery (mean age = 47 years) wore an actiwatch at home the night before surgery to provide an objective indication of sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Participants also completed 3 measures of their psychological experience during the week prior to surgery. In separate regression analyses, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, and emotional well-being were each related to sleep duration the night before surgery, when controlling for age, body mass index, ethnicity, and marital status. No relationships were found between depressed mood, physical or social well-being, and sleep duration. In a multiple regression model that included all significant variables, intrusive thoughts were most strongly associated with sleep duration. Intrusive thoughts were also significantly related to sleep efficiency. Re...
Sensitivity to Madden–Julian Oscillation variations on heavy precipitation over the contiguous United States

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the most prominent mode of tropical intraseasonal variability in the climate system and has worldwide influences on the occurrences and forecasts of heavy precipitation. This paper investigates the sensitivity of precipitation over the contiguous United States (CONUS) in a case study (boreal 2004–05 winter). Several major storms affected the western and eastern CONUS producing substantial economic and social impacts including loss of lives. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to perform experiments to test the significance of the MJO amplitude. The control simulation uses the MJO amplitude observed by reanalysis, whereas the amplitude is modified in perturbation experiments. WRF realistically simulates the precipitation variability over the CONUS, although large biases occur over the Western and Midwest United States. Daily precipitation is aggregated in western, central and eastern sectors and the frequency distribution is analyzed. Increases in MJO amplitude produce moderate increases in the median and interquartile range and large and robust increases in extreme (90th and 95th percentiles) precipitation. The MJO amplitude clearly affects the transport of moisture from the tropical Pacific and Gulf of Mexico into North America providing moist rich air masses and the dynamical forcing that contributes to heavy precipitation.
Theoretical Isotherms for Adsorption on a Square Lattice

A method which is not self‐consistent has been used by J. K. Roberts to calculate the adsorption isotherm of adatoms, which are larger than the spacing of the adsorption sites on the substrate so that each adatom excludes all others from neighboring sites. It consists in completely formulating the internal statistics of a sample of the film surface and allowing for the effect of the rest of the film by introducing one or more “environmental” parameters as undetermined functions. These are determined by the requirement that each site of the sample shall be an average site. The failure of this method is traceable to the fact that these functions, when determined, are found to vary with surface concentration in a manner inconsistent with the physical requirements. The same difficulty is found to be latent in Peierls’ treatment of adsorption with interaction between adatoms and in Bethe’s treatment of superlattices. The adsorption isotherms for two cases with no interaction between neighbor adatoms are here c...
WE-B-342-01: Estimating Cancer Risk Attributable to Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography

CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has become a popular diagnostic test for patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. CTCA generates images of sub‐millimeter spatial resolution and has been validated in multicenter clinical trials to have high predictive value to exclude coronary disease. CTCA is now typically performed on a 64‐or‐greater slice multidetector‐row scanner in helical mode with low pitch. The resulting effective dose is on the order of 20 mSv, with breast and lung doses roughly 70 mGy. My colleagues and I have estimated potential cancer risks attributable to CTCA, using a combination of Monte Carlo methods to estimate organ doses of various protocols, and radioepidemiological modeling using the approach of the National Academies' Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII report. In this lecture, I will address the clinical utilization of CTCA, methodology for estimating attributable cancer risks, cancer risk from CTCA, and the effects of patient age, gender, and scan protocol on risk. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the information provided by CTCA, in comparison to other cardiac imaging modalities. 2. Know typical organ and effective doses from CTCA. 3. Learn how cancer risk attributable to CTCA depends on age and gender. 4. Understand approaches to lower radiation dose and cancer risk from CTCA.
User involvement in mental health service development: How far can it go?

Abstract The principle of user involvement in mental health services is now advocated by central government, encouraged by service commissioners and accepted as a feature of service development by provider managers. In the wake of the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act, most localities have witnessed one or more consultation exercises which have informed mental health strategy documents produced by NHS and social service commissioners. This paper reports a piece of action research about user involvement in one locality, which attempted to take users beyond the role of passive suppliers of opinion and encouraged their role as active negotiators of change. achievements and limits of success of this exercise, the socio-political context of user involvement in British mental health service development is considered. In order to understand both the
Arterial Lesions in Gnotobiotic Mice congenitally infected with LCM Virus

MICE, infected congenitally or neonatally with lympho-cytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, manifest lupus-like glomerulonephritis, extensive infiltrations of various tissues with mononuclear cells and hypergammaglobulinaemia1,2. This communication describes the development of necrotizing arteritis previously unreported in mice with persistent LCM virus infection.
Is low energy supergravity consistent with cosmology and particle physics experiments

Abstract We construct a low energy supergravity model consistent with all cosmological and particle physics constraints, by omitting some of the usual simplifying assumptions in the hidden sector. The model has heavy squarks, light gluinos and a higgsino as the lightest supersymmetric particle. The experimental implications of the model are discussed. In particular, the possibility of detecting photinos in monojet events, and a new way of producing Higgs bosons in e + e − collisions with a good signature, H 0 + missing energy, occur as new results.
Collection Assessment and the Library Liaison Program: A Practical Focus

In the fall of 2013, the George T. Harrell Health Sciences Library (HHSL) undertook a collection assessment and development project to determine journal and monograph holdings across the Penn State University Libraries in subject areas related to librarian liaison assignments in the health sciences at Penn State Hershey. This project had several aims: a) to assist in collection development activities by showing current journal and monograph holdings in relation to liaison areas in a way related to the strategic plans of the HHSL, the medical center, and University Libraries; b) to inform library users of holdings and improve access; and c) to assist liaison librarians in acquiring a more complete understanding of core resources in their liaison areas. This article presents the process involved in the assessment and development project, connections with relevant areas of the strategic plans, and areas for further improvement.
Correspondence Between Uncoupled Flame Macrostructures and Thermoacoustic Instability in Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Combustion

In this paper, we conduct an experimental investigation of a confined premixed swirl-stabilized dump combustor similar to those found in modern gas turbines. We operate the combustor with premixed methane-air in the lean range of equivalence ratio ϕ ∈ [0.5–0.75]. First, we observe different dynamic modes in the lean operating range, as the equivalence ratio is raised, confirming observations made previously in a similar combustor geometry but with a different fuel [1]. Next we examine the correspondence between dynamic mode transitions and changes in the mean flame configuration or macrostructure. We show that each dynamic mode is associated with a specific flame macrostructure. By modifying the combustor length without changing the underlying flow, the resonant frequencies of the geometry are altered allowing for decoupling the heat release fluctuations and the acoustic field, in a certain range of equivalence ratio. Mean flame configurations in the modified (short) combustor and for the same range of equivalence ratio are examined. It is found that not only the same sequence of flame configurations is observed in both combustors (long and short) but also that the set of equivalence ratio where transitions in the flame configuration occur is closely related to the onset of thermo-acoustic instabilities. For both combustor lengths, the flame structure changes at similar equivalence ratio whether thermo-acoustic coupling is allowed or not, suggesting that the flame configuration holds the key to understanding the onset of self-excited thermo-acoustic instability in this range. Finally, we focus on the flame configuration transition that was correlated with the onset of the first dynamically unstable mode ϕ ∈ [0.61–0.64]. Our analysis of this transition in the short, uncoupled combustor shows that it is associated with an intermittent appearance of a flame in the outer recirculation zone (ORZ). The spectral analysis of this “ORZ flame flickering” — based on flame chemiluminescence data — shows the presence of unsteady events occurring at two distinct frequency ranges. A broad band at low frequency in the range ∼[1 Hz – 10 Hz] and a narrow band centered around 28 Hz.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Is memory for spatial location automatically encoded

Naveh-Benjamin (1987, 1988) has shown that memory for spatial location does not meet the criteria for automatic encoding as claimed by Hasher and Zacks(1979). Age, intention, concurrent processing demands, practice, strategies, and individual differences affected memory for location. These variables should have affected effortful but not automatic processing. The experiments reported in the present paper, in which a different task was used, showed that intention, practice, and concurrent processing demands did not affect memory for location. I concluded that (1) the location task used by Naveh-Benjamin included effortful subtasks and also incidental, cover or concurrent processing tasks that interfered directly with performance, and (2) the variables that he manipulated may not have affected the encoding of location. The need to differentiate processes from task performance in analyzing the automaticity issue is discussed. The dominant mode for remembering location is automatic, but such information may also be remembered voluntarily.
Towards seamless mobility on pervasive hardware

Preserving one's uniquely customized computing environment as one moves to different locations is an enduring challenge in mobile computing. We examine why this capability is valued so highly, and what makes it so difficult to achieve for personal computing applications. We describe a new mechanism called Internet Suspend/Resume (ISR) that overcomes many of the limitations of previous approaches to realizing this capability. ISR enables a hands-free approach to mobile computing that appears well suited to future pervasive computing environments in which commodity hardware may be widely deployed for transient use. We show that ISR can be implemented by layering virtual machine technology on distributed file system technology. We also report on measurements from a prototype that confirm that ISR is already usable today for some common usage scenarios.
Liver Transplantation for Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess outcome after liver transplantation for fulminant (FHF) and subfulminant (SHF) hepatic failure and to determine the factors responsible for outcome. Patients and Setting: Thirty-five patients who underwent 42 liver transplantations for FHF and eight patients who underwent eight liver transplantations for SHF at a large university medical center were followed up for 1 month to 5 years. Outcome Measures: Actuarial patient and graft survival for FHF and SHF were assessed and compared with the outcome for all patients who underwent liver transplantation at the same center over the same period (445 transplants in 420 patients). Patients were treated with intracranial pressure monitoring, aggressive measures to decrease intracranial pressure, and rapid transplantation. Functional status and recurrent disease were additional end points. Results: One-year actuarial patient survival rates for FHF and SHF were 92% and 100%, respectively. Minor neurological sequelae were noted in two patients. Functional status was excellent. Posttransplant hepatitis was present in two patients with an original diagnosis of FHF and acute hepatitis B and in three patients with an original diagnosis of FHF and non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. Conclusion: Patients with FHF and SHF can achieve excellent results after liver transplantation. Rapid assessment of candidacy with monitoring of intracranial pressure and aggressive treatment for intracranial hypertension are thought to be essential in the outcome of these patients. (Arch Surg. 1993;128:677-682)
SSC 50mm Dipole Magnet Cryostat Thermal Measurement Results

A prototype Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) 50 mm dipole magnet cryostat, DCA323, was instrumented at Fermilab and delivered to the SSC Laboratory for installation into the accelerator systems string test facility. In series with other magnets, the instrumented cryostat will be used to quantify and verify cryostat thermal performance with respect to design requirements. Prior to leaving Fermilab, DCA323 was subjected to magnetic testing at the Magnet Test Facility (MTF). This presented an opportunity to obtain preliminary thermal performance data under simulated operating conditions. It should be noted that measurements of overall cryostat thermal performance were not possible during the MTF measurements as the magnet test stands are designed for magnetic rather than thermal testing. They are not designed to limit heat inleak to the ends of the cryostat, which has been shown to have a significant effect on overall measured thermal performance1. Nonetheless, these measurements do offer insight into the performance of several of the cryostat components and sub-systems.
Algorithm-safe privacy-preserving data publishing

This paper develops toolsets for eliminating algorithm-based disclosure from existing privacy-preserving data publishing algorithms. We first show that the space of algorithm-based disclosure is larger than previously believed and thus more prevalent and dangerous. Then, we formally define Algorithm-Safe Publishing (ASP) to model the threats from algorithm-based disclosure. To eliminate algorithm-based disclosure from existing data publishing algorithms, we propose two generic tools for revising their design: worst-case eligibility test and stratified pick-up. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our tools by using them to transform two popular existing l-diversity algorithms, Mondrian and Hilb, to SP-Mondrian and SP-Hilb which are algorithm-safe. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of SP-Mondrian and SP-Hilb in terms of data utility and efficiency.
Aqueous alteration and brecciation in Bells, an unusual, saponite-bearing, CM chondrite

The petrological and mineralogical characteristics of the unusual CM2 chondrite, Bells, have been investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microprobe analysis (EPMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bells is a highly brecciated chondrite which contains few intact chondrules, a very low abundance of refractory inclusions, and is notable in having an unusually high abundance of magnetite, which is disseminated throughout the fine-grained matrix. Fragmental olivines and pyroxenes are common and, based on compositional data, appear to have been derived from chondrules as a result of extensive brecciation. The fine-grained mineralogy of matrix in Bells differs considerably from other CM chondrites and has closer affinities to matrix in CI chondrites. The dominant phases are fine-grained saponite interlayered with serpentine, and phases such as tochilinite and cronstedtite, which are typical of CM chondrite matrices, are entirely absent. Pentlandite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, anhydrite, calcite, and rare Ti-oxides also occur as accessory phases. Based on its oxygen and noble gas isotopic compositions (Zadnik, 1985; Rowe et al., 1994), Bells can be considered to be a CM2 chondrite, although its bulk composition shows some departures from the typical range exhibited by this group. However, these variations in bulk chemistry are entirely consistent with the observed mineralogy of Bells. The unusual fine-grained mineralogy of Bells matrix can be reasonably attributed to the combined effects of aqueous alteration and advanced brecciation in a parent body environment. Extensive brecciation has assisted aqueous alteration by reducing chondrules and mineral grains into progressively smaller grains with high surface areas, which are more susceptible to dissolution reactions involving aqueous fluids. This has resulted in the preferential dissolution of Fe-rich chondrule olivines, which are now completely absent in Bells although present in other CM chondrites. The formation of saponite in Bells probably resulted from the dissolution of relatively silica-rich phases, such as pyroxene and olivine, that were derived from chondrules. The result of such dissolution reactions would be to increase the activity of silica in the fluid phase, at least on a localized scale, stabilizing saponite in preference to serpentine. An increase in aSiO2 would also have destabilized preexisting cronstedtite which may have reacted to form magnetite and MgFe serpentine under conditions of constant ƒO2 .
Adenocarcinomas arising in tongues or short segments of Barrett's esophagus.

The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus is established when the esophageal mucosa is lined by 2–3 cm of columnar epithelium or when specialized (intestinal type) columnar epithelium of any length is present. Emphasis is frequently placed on long segments of Barrett's because these patients reportedly are at higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma than patients with shorter segments. We present four cases of adenocarcinoma that arose in tongues or short segments (less than 2 cm) of specialized columnar epithelium near the gastroesophageal junction. We emphasize the need for biopsy of minimal appearing abnormalities in this area, and we suggest that histologic subtype, rather than length of involvement, be the major criterion for establishment of Barrett's esophagus.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Reduces Acetaminophen Toxicity and Increases HIF‐1α Expression

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. The authors further evaluated the effects of APAP poisoning and HBO2 on the expression and function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) in an effort to further describe the mechanisms of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In vitro assays were performed to better understand the effects of HBO2 on HIF-1alpha function. METHODS In vivo, four groups of C57BL/6 mice were treated as follows: APAP only, APAP followed by HBO2, HBO2 only, and untreated shams. Plasma alanine aminotransferase activity was measured, and hepatic HIF-1alpha induction was determined by Western blot. In vitro, cultured HEP G2 hepatocytes were exposed to HBO2, hypoxia (2.5% O2), or normoxia. HIF-1alpha DNA-binding and transcriptional activity were assessed. RESULTS Alanine aminotransferase activity was reduced in the APAP+HBO2 group (2,606 IU/L +/- 4,080; vs. APAP: 6,743 +/- 3,397, p = 0.01 at 6 hours). APAP-only, HBO2-only, and APAP+HBO2 treatments all increased HIF-1alpha expression relative to shams (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p < 0.01, respectively). HBO2 increased HIF-1alpha DNA binding 5.7 (+/- 1.2)-fold relative to controls (p < 0.01); however, a parallel increase in HIF functional transcriptional activity did not occur. CONCLUSIONS Hyperbaric oxygen reduced early APAP-induced hepatocellular injury. APAP poisoning increases HIF-1alpha protein levels and functional activity. HBO2 increases HIF-1alpha protein levels and DNA binding without a corresponding increase in transcriptional activity.
Tryptophan Prototrophy Contributes to Francisella tularensis Evasion of Gamma Interferon-Mediated Host Defense

Francisella tularensis is able to survive and replicate within host macrophages, a trait that is associated with the high virulence of this bacterium. The trpAB genes encode the enzymes required for the final two steps in tryptophan biosynthesis, with TrpB being responsible for the conversion of indole to tryptophan. Consistent with this function, an F. tularensis subsp. novicida trpB mutant is unable to grow in defined medium in the absence of tryptophan. The trpB mutant is also attenuated for virulence in a mouse pulmonary model of tularemia. However, the trpB mutant remains virulent in gamma interferon receptor-deficient (IFN-γR(-/-)) mice, demonstrating that IFN-γ-mediated signaling contributes to clearance of the trpB mutant. IFN-γ limits intracellular survival of the trpB mutant within bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type but not IFN-γR(-/-) mice. An F. tularensis subsp. tularensis trpB mutant is also attenuated for virulence in mice and survival within IFN-γ-treated macrophages, indicating that tryptophan prototrophy is also important in a human-virulent F. tularensis subspecies. These results demonstrate that trpB contributes to F. tularensis virulence by enabling intracellular growth under IFN-γ-mediated tryptophan limitation.
Megapixel imaging camera for expanded H− beam measurements☆

Abstract A charge coupled device (CCD) imaging camera system has been developed as part of the Ground Test Accelerator project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the properties of a large diameter, neutral particle beam. The camera is designed to operate in the accelerator vacuum system. The CCD contains 1024 × 1024 pixels with pixel size of 19 × 19 μm2. It employs 4-phase parallel and 2-phase serial clocking, provided by an external word generator with serial pixel rate of 2.5 × 105 Hz. Reset switching noise and base line shift are reduced by an external signal processor. The video signal is digitized to 12 bits and data flow is controlled by a local processor in a VME-type crate. Image analysis occurs in a workstation communicating with the crate via ethernet. Under cooled conditions the camera shows linearity to 2100 digitized counts and dark noise fluctuations of about ± 1 2 count. Full well capacity of the CCD is about 5 × 105 electron charges. A description of the camera design and performance is given.