cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
XPS Studies of LSCF Interfaces after Cell Testing

The motivation of this investigation is to explore the possibility of using the depth profile capability of XPS to study interfaces after SOFC button cell testing. The literature uses XPS to study various cathode materials but has devoted little to the understanding of various cathode interfaces especially after testing. In this work, an SOFC button cell is first tested, and then, the LSCF cathode, barrier layer, and electrolyte are sputtered away to study the behavior of different interfaces. This work has shown that some elements have moved into other layers of the SOFC cell. It is argued that the migration of the elements is partly due to a redeposition mechanism after atoms are sputtered away, while the rest is due to interdiffusion between the SDC and YSZ layers. However, additional work is needed to better understand the mechanism by which atoms move around at different interfaces. The cell electrochemical performance is also discussed in some details but is not the focus.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SEATTLE HEART FAILURE MODEL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) is a validated risk assessment tool in heart failure (HF) patients, but its utility for predicting survival in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains to be evaluated. We enrolled 383 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR from
Fabrication Constrained Inverse Design of a 3-channel Wavelength Demultiplexer

We have implemented an automated nanophotonic design algorithm with fabrication constraints. This was used to demonstrate a compact 3-channel wavelength demultiplexer with a channel spacing of 40 nm, insertion loss < 2.29 dB, and under 10.7 dB crosstalk.
Aminophosphines as Versatile Precursors for the Synthesis of Metal Phosphide Nanocrystals

We have broadened the scope of the aminophosphine precursor chemistry that has been developed for InP quantum dots to the synthesis of cadmium, zinc, cobalt, and nickel phosphide nanocrystals. The ...
Similarity of Matrices

In applications of linear algebra, the linear substitutions that arise often describe transformations of an n-dimensional space. A “transformation of an n-dimensional space” is a function that changes a quantity described by n numbers (mathematicians habitually think of such a quantity as a “point” in “n-dimensional space” even when n > 3) into a new quantity of the same kind. A linear substitution with n new variables and n original variables can be thought of as describing such a transformation by giving the relation between the original values of the n numbers and their values after the transformation is applied. The matrix of coefficients of a linear substitution that arises in this way is square. This is one reason that square matrices are especially important.
Unsupervised Active Learning of CRF Model for Cross-Lingual Named Entity Recognition

Manual annotation of the training data of information extraction models is a time consuming and expensive process but necessary for the building of information extraction systems. Active learning has been proven to be effective in reducing manual annotation efforts for supervised learning tasks where a human judge is asked to annotate the most informative examples with respect to a given model. However, in most cases reliable human judges are not available for all languages. In this paper, we propose a cross-lingual unsupervised active learning paradigm (XLADA) that generates high-quality automatically annotated training data from a word-aligned parallel corpus. To evaluate our paradigm, we applied XLADA on English-French and English-Chinese bilingual corpora then we trained French and Chinese information extraction models. The experimental results show that XLADA can produce effective models without manually-annotated training data.
TRANSITION IN WATER MASS PROPERTIES BETWEEN 200 AND 500 METERS DEPTH IN THE GATE B-ARRAY

A transition in water mass properties was observed in the GATE B-array between 200 and 500 meters depth, separating what appears to be South Atlantic Central Water from a central water intermediate between the South and North Atlantic Central Waters. This transition is characterized by small or even positive changes in density flux with increasing density or depth, where density flux is a derived function of temperature and salinity that maps orthogonally to isopycnals on a T-S diagram. Dramatic changes in density flux distribution are observed over periods of several days, suggesting that external events or forces may contribute to its variability. These changes in the density flux distribution appear to propagate downward as they are observed first at shallower depths. Speculations are made as to the mechanisms that contribute to the observed variations in the transition.
Chernobyl: The aftermath: Ghost town serves as stark and barren reminder

Delegates to the International Conference on Environmental Protection held in the Soviet Union in October of 1988 visited the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, site of the April 1986 nuclear accident. Soviet scientists and officials openly discussed the accident and its consequences.
pmartR: Quality Control and Statistics for Mass Spectrometry-Based Biological Data

Prior to statistical analysis of mass spectrometry (MS) data, quality control (QC) of the identified biomolecule peak intensities is imperative for reducing process-based sources of variation and extreme biological outliers. Without this step, statistical results can be biased. Additionally, liquid chromatography-MS proteomics data present inherent challenges due to large amounts of missing data that require special consideration during statistical analysis. While a number of R packages exist to address these challenges individually, there is no single R package that addresses all of them. We present pmartR, an open-source R package, for QC (filtering and normalization), exploratory data analysis (EDA), visualization, and statistical analysis robust to missing data. Example analysis using proteomics data from a mouse study comparing smoke exposure to control demonstrates the core functionality of the package and highlights the capabilities for handling missing data. In particular, using a combined quantitative and qualitative statistical test, 19 proteins whose statistical significance would have been missed by a quantitative test alone were identified. The pmartR package provides a single software tool for QC, EDA, and statistical comparisons of MS data that is robust to missing data and includes numerous visualization capabilities.
Cadmium and zinc availability in soil irrigated with sludge containing a cationic conditioner

Tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, ‘Red Cherry Small’), grown in 15 cm diameter plastic pots with a standard greenhouse medium (1:1:1, by volume, soil:peat:sand) were irrigated for 15 weeks with liquid sewage sludge containing a liquid cationic conditioner (Petroset SB, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma) to determine the effect of the conditioner on Cd and Zn availability. Half of the plants received 50 ml week−1 liquid digested sludge with no conditioner and half of the plants received 50 ml week−1 sludge containing 0.25 ml conditioner (200:1, by volume, sludge:conditioner). Plant height was measured weekly. Plants were harvested 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 weeks after sludge treatments began and separated into roots, shoots, and fruits for dry weight determination and Cd and Zn analyses. Soil and sludge crusts were sampled at the same times and analyzed for extractable concentrations of Cd and Zn. Dry weights of plants grown with conditioned sludge were similar to those grown with nonconditioned sludge. Plants with conditioner flowered and fruited one and two weeks earlier, respectively, than plants without conditioned. Six weeks after treatments began, when the plants had grown to their greatest height, Cd concentrations in sludge crusts, soil, and roots receiving conditioner were 2.0, 1.5, and 2.1 times greater, respectively, than crusts, soil and roots not receiving conditioner. After the six weeks sampling time, Cd concentrations in crusts, soil, and roots receiving conditioned sludge were similar to those in crusts, soil, and roots receiving nonconditioned sludge. At the third-week sampling time, shoots of plants grown with conditioner had 2.6 times more Cd than shoots of plants grown without conditioner. Cadmium concentrations in shoots from both treatments were similar at later sampling dates. Cadmium content of fruits was the same for both treatments all sampling times. Zinc content of roots, shoots, fruits soil, and sludge crusts was no affected by the conditioner. Results showed that a cationic conditioner, added to sludge, increased the availability of Cd, but not of zn, for tomato plants until maximum height was reached.
Gender differences in platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation.

Gender differences in the development of thrombotic diseases have been described in numerous clinical settings. Enhanced platelet reactivity in both sexes is associated with the development of vascular thromboses. Because activation of platelet GPIIb-IIIa receptors is a central event in thrombus formation, we examined GPIIb-IIIa function in normal male and female volunteers. Using flow cytometry, we quantitated gender differences in the number of binding sites for FITC-labeled fibrinogen (FITC-FGN) and FITC-labeled PAC-1 antibody (FITC-PAC-1). Washed platelets were incubated with either FITC-FGN or FITC-PAC-1 and activated with either ADP or thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) prior to cytometric acquisition of data. The dissociation constant for FITC-FGN was the same in both sexes (approx. 1.6 x 10-7M), however, the number of GPIIb-IIIa receptors per platelet capable of binding fibrinogen was significantly greater in women than men in response to 20μM ADP (16,319 ± 1871 vs 9669±1994, p = 0.02), 20μM ADP (39,951 ± 4711 vs 25,948 ± 4953, p = 0.05) and 50μM TRAP (39,236 ± 3965 vs 21,848 ± 4159, p = 0.007). Similarly, the number of GPIIb-IIIa receptors capable of binding PAC-1 in response to ADP and TRAP was 50% to 80% greater in women than men. Binding experiments using specific anti-GPIIb-IIIa monoclonal antibodies (P2 and 10E5), as well as quantitative Western blotting experiments, showed no gender difference in the total number of GPIIb-IIIa molecules expressed. Analysis of data from female subgroups demonstrated an association of GPIIb-IIIa reactivity with menstrual phase. We conclude that GPIIb-IIIa receptors on platelets from premenopausal women are more “activatable” than those on platelets from young men. Variations in the serum concentrations of estrogens and/or progestins may modulate GPIIb-IIIa function.
Propofol Versus Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in a Pediatric Population.

OBJECTIVES Frequently, infants and children require sedation to facilitate noninvasive procedures and imaging studies. Propofol and dexmedetomidine are used to achieve deep procedural sedation in children. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of propofol versus dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients undergoing sedation in a pediatric sedation unit. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients sedated with either propofol or dexmedetomidine in a pediatric sedation unit by pediatric emergency physicians was performed. Both medications were dosed per protocol with propofol 2 mg/kg induction and 150 μg · kg-1 · min-1 maintenance and dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg induction for 10 minutes and 2 μg · kg-1 · h-1maintenance. The variables collected included drug dose, sedation time (time that the drug was given to the completion of the procedure), recovery time (end of the study to the return to the presedation sedation score for 15 minutes), need for dose rate changes, airway management, and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 2432 children were included- 1503 who received propofol and 929 who received dexmedetomidine. Propofol and dexmedetomidine resulted in successful completion of the study in 98.8% and 99.7%, respectively (P = 0.02). The mean recovery time for propofol was 34.3 minutes, compared with 65.6 minutes for dexmedetomidine (P < 0.001). The need for unexpected airway management was 9.7% for propofol and 2.2% for dexmedetomidine (P < 0.001). Adverse events occurred in 8.6% and 6% of patients in the propofol and dexmedetomidine groups, respectively (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Propofol use led to significantly shorter recovery times, with an increased need for airway management, but rates of bag-mask ventilation (2.3%), airway obstruction (1.1%), and desaturation (1.6%) were low. No patients required intubation. Propofol is a reasonable alternative to dexmedetomidine, with a clinically acceptable safety profile.
Retrospective single-centre analysis of IgG4-related disease patient population and treatment outcomes between 2007 and 2017

Objective The aim was to gain a better understanding of the prevalence, organ involvement, clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of medical and surgical treatments of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Methods Query of the Cleveland Clinic pathology database for IgG4 plasma cell staining between 2007 and 2017 yielded 1481 results, of which 57 cases were identified as highly likely (n = 28; 49%) or probable (n = 29; 51%) IgG4-RD by histopathological criteria and IgG4 serum concentrations. Patient demographics, type of treatment and outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Patients were designated as being in remission if indicated in the chart and/or symptom- and objective finding-free for >6 months, relapsed if symptoms/findings recurred after remission, active if no remission was achieved during follow-up, and as unable to determine if the duration of follow-up was Results Of all patients who met the IgG4 staining criteria (n = 119), half (n = 57) satisfied the IgG4-RD histopathological criteria; 63% were males, age 57.9 ± 14.8 years. The average follow-up was 2.7 ± 2.2 years. The pancreas was the most affected organ in our cohort (26.4%). Almost half of the patients (45.6%; n = 26) were managed surgically, 21.1% (n = 12) medically, and 24.6% (n = 14) received both types of treatment. Medical treatment included prednisone (45.6%), MTX (5.3%), AZA (7%) and rituximab (8.8%). Remission was achieved by 77% of patients receiving surgical, 67% receiving medical and 72% receiving both treatments. Conclusion A histological diagnosis of IgG4-RD could be made in half of the patients who had IgG4+ plasma cells ≥10/high-power field or IgG4+/IgG+ ratio >40%. In our cohort, surgical treatment compared with medical treatment had a higher proportion of remission according to our outcome classification.
2-[3-(Naphthalen-2-yl)phen-yl]naph-thal-ene.

The title compound, C26H18, consists of a benzene ring with meta-substituted 2-naphthalene substituents, which are essentially planar [r.m.s. deviations = 0.022 (1) and 0.003 (1) A]. The conformation is syn, with equivalent torsion angles about the benzene–naphthalene bonds of −36.04 (13) and +34.14 (13)°. The mol­ecule has quasi-Cs mol­ecular symmetry.
Epitaxial growth of MgxCa1−xO on 4H–SiC(0001) and β-Ga2O3 wide band gap semiconductors with atomic layer deposition

SiC and Ga2O3 are promising wide band gap semiconductors for applications in power electronics because of their high breakdown electric field and normally off operation. However, lack of a suitable dielectric material that can provide high interfacial quality remains a problem. This can potentially lead to high leakage current and conducting loss. In this work, we present a novel atomic layer deposition process to grow epitaxially MgxCa1−xO dielectric layers on 4H-SiC(0001) and β-Ga2O3 $\left( {\bar 201} \right)$ substrates. By tuning the composition of MgxCa1−xO toward the substrate lattice constant, better interfacial epitaxy can be achieved. The interfacial and epitaxy qualities were investigated and confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Mg0.72Ca0.28O film showed the highest epitaxy quality on 4H-SiC(0001) because of its closest lattice match with the substrate. Meanwhile, highly textured Mg0.25Ca0.75O films can be grown on β-Ga2O3 $\left( {\bar 201} \right)$ with a preferred orientation of (111).
Patient-perceived facilitators in the transition of survivorship care from the pediatric to adult care setting.

9587 Background: Survival rates in childhood cancer continue to rise. A new challenge has emerged in optimizing the transition of pediatric survivorship care to similarly focused programs that are ...
Examining black and white racial disparities in emergency department consultations by age and gender.

Abstract Background While significant racial inequities in health outcomes exist in the United States, these inequities may also exist in healthcare processes, including the Emergency Department (ED). Additionally, gender has emerged in assessing racial healthcare disparity research. This study seeks to determine the association between race and the number and type of ED consultations given to patients presenting at a safety-net, academic hospital, which includes a level-one trauma center. Method Retrospective data was collected on the first 2000 patients who arrived at the ED from 1/1/2015–1/7/2015, with 532 patients being excluded. Of the eligible patients, 77% (74.6% adults and 80.7% pediatric patients) were black and 23% (25.4% adults and 19.3% pediatric patients) were white. Results White and black adult patients receive similar numbers of ED consultations and remained after gender stratification. White pediatric males have a 91% higher incidence of receiving an ED consultation in comparison to their white counterparts. No difference was found between black and white adult patients when assessing the risk of receiving consultations. White adult females have a 260% higher risk of receiving both types of consultations than their black counterparts. Black and white pediatric patients had the same risk of receiving consultations, however, white pediatric males have a 194% higher risk of receiving a specialty consultation as compared to their white counterparts. Discussion Future work should focus on both healthcare practice improvements, as well as explanatory and preventive research practices. Healthcare practice improvements can encompass development of appropriate racial bias trainings and institutionalization of conversations about race in medicine.
Case 74: How Much Oxygen Is Left in an E-cylinder?

Many cases in this book describe oxygen being delivered only from cylinders. I will predict that if you work in low-resource settings, this will most likely be your form of oxygen supply.
Perceived Stress Among Faculty and First Year Students at a College of Pharmacy

Abstract Purpose Female faculty and students could be affected by stressors disproportionately compared to male counterparts, especially those with children or family obligations. A study was undertaken to determine: 1) stress levels of pharmacy faculty and first-year pharmacy students; 2) whether gender affected faculty and/or student stress levels disproportionally; and 3) how child and family care responsibilities influenced stress levels. Methods All first-year (P1) students enrolled in a College of Pharmacy were surveyed along with faculty. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). Additional demographic information, including items related to children and family obligations, was collected. Results Faculty reported average perceived stress levels (M=15.50) while first-year students reported high perceived stress levels (M=21.14). Perceived stress levels of female faculty (M=16.43) were higher than those of male faculty (M=12.00). Perceived stress levels of female students (M=22.60) were higher than those of male students (M=16.78). Perceived stress levels of female faculty with younger children (M=18.85) were higher than those of male faculty with younger children (M=9.67). Perceived stress levels of female students with ≥10 hours of family obligations per week (M=22.71) were higher than male pharmacy students with ≥10 hours (M=12.80). Conclusion Lower levels of perceived stress for faculty compared to students may be due to the development of coping strategies coinciding with maturity. Results suggest more time spent on family obligations is negatively associated with stress levels for females, but not males. Colleges of pharmacy should invest resources to help reduce stress levels in faculty and student populations, particularly for the female gender.
Prostaglandin metabolism. I. Cytoplasmic reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent and microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase activities in monkey and pigeon tissues.

Abstract Homogenates of pigeon heart, brain, lung, liver, and the formed elements of blood and of monkey brain, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, uterus, heart, and the formed elements of blood contain an enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of the 9-keto group of prostaglandin E to form prostaglandin F. The prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase in all of these tissues uses NADPH much more effectively than NADH and is found in the cytoplasmic fraction. In monkey liver, there is a second prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase, which is present in the microsomal fraction and uses NADH much more efficiently than NADPH. The activities of the prostaglandin 9-ketoreductases are extremely sensitive to the oxidized cofactors, and in vivo may be regulated by the relative concentrations of reduced and oxidized coenzymes. Such enzyme activities may, in turn, regulate the diverse physiological processes involving these two classes of prostaglandins.
Mice with duplications and deletions at the Tme locus have altered MnSOD activity.

Superoxide radicals that result from normal cellular metabolism have been implicated as a cause of multiple age-related degenerative diseases (Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J. M. (1990) Methods Enzymol. 186, 1-85; Harman, D. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 84, 155-161; Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K., and Hagen, T. M. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 7915-7922). Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is thought to be the sole enzymic scavenger of superoxide in mammalian mitochondria. We have investigated MnSOD activity and gene dose in mice with deletions and a duplication of the Tme (t-associated maternal effect) locus on chromosome 17. We find that MnSOD activity is significantly correlated with gene dose in these animals; animals with heterozygous deletions of Tme have 50% of normal activity, and animals with a heterozygous duplication of Tme have 150% of normal activity. These ratios of activity appear to be systemic, as they were observed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle and liver. The results support the model that basal MnSOD activity is regulated solely by cis elements, in that variation in MnSOD activity caused by altered gene dose on one chromosome is not compensated by gene activity on the other. Since gene knockouts of MnSOD have not yet been generated, the tlub2 and Thp animals may become useful models for those studying the role of mitochondrial superoxide in pathophysiological processes. A model for the maternal-lethal effect of Tme deletions is proposed.
Testimony Before the House Oversight Committee Concerning the AIG Trust

This written testimony accompanied Professor J.W. Verret's oral testimony before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. This testimony outlines flaws in the Trust Agreement established by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to manage the government's $180 Billion investment in AIG. Also testifying during the hearing were Ed Liddy, the CEO of AIG, and the three trustees nominated by the Federal Reserve to manage the Trust.
Collapsing Nondeterministic Automata

With respect to minimization, the situation for nondeterministic automata is not as satisfactory as that for deterministic automata. For example, minimal NFAs are not necessarily unique up to isomorphism (Miscellaneous Exercise 60) . However, part of the Myhill—Nerode theory developed in Lectures 13 through 16 does generalize to NFAs. The generalization is based on the notion of bisimulation, an important concept in the theory of concurrency [87]. In this lecture we briefly investigate this connection.
Nerve Endings in the Human Lumbar Spinal Column and Related Structures

The nerve terminals of the human lumbar vertebral column and its related structures were studied with cholinesterase and silver-impregnation techniques in specimens from twenty-one autopsies (including two fetuses and two newborn infants) and fifteen surgical procedures. Nerve endings of three morphological types were found: (1) free fiber endings, (2) complex unencapsulated endings which sometimes had expanded tips, and (3) encapsulated endings. In the fetuses and newborn infants, encapsulated (Vater-Pacini) endings were primarily concentrated around the facet-joint capsules and on the ventrolateral surface of the annulus fibrosus. Many free nerve fibers and nerve networks were found in the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and in the peripheral layers of the annulus fibrosus. No nerve elements were found in the deeper zones of the annulus or in the nucleus pulposus. The cartilaginous end plates of the vertebrae had a nerve supply closely associated with the vascular sinusoids in the developing tissues of the fetuses and infants. In the adult specimens, fine free nerve fibers were observed in practically all anatomical locations studied. Complex, unencapsulated endings were concentrated primarily in the periosteum of the lumbar vertebrae and within the synovial intervertebral facet-joint capsules. Encapsulated nerve terminations were found only in the region of the fibrous facet capsules in the adult tissues. No significant increase in nerve elements was observed in several degenerated lumbar dises studied with the cholinesterase technique. Nerve fibers usually considered to be pain sensitive were found in the loose areolar tissue and periphery of the annulus fibrosus but none was seen within the body of the disc or in the nucleus pulposus.
Exploring atomic resolution physiology on a femtosecond to millisecond timescale using molecular dynamics simulations.

Discovering the functional mechanisms of biological systems frequently requires information that challenges the spatial and temporal resolution limits of current experimental techniques. Recent dramatic methodological advances have made all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations an ever more
Adapting an evidence-based intervention for HIV to avail access to testing and risk-reduction counseling for female victims of sexual violence in post-earthquake Haiti

Haiti has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean. Before the 2010 earthquake, Haitian women bore a disproportionate burden of HIV/AIDS, had lower HIV knowledge, less capacity to negotiate for safer sex, and limited access to HIV testing and risk-reduction (RR) counseling. Since 2010, there has been an increase in sexual violence against women, characterized by deliberate vaginal injuries by non-intimate partners, increasing victims' risk of sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Needed is an adaptation of evidence-based interventions for HIV that include HIV testing and counseling for this stigmatized population. We reviewed several features of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 103 evidence-based interventions for HIV (e.g., measures used, participant risk characteristics, theoretical framework, outcome variables, and evidence tier) in an attempt to seek a feasibly adaptable evidence-based intervention for HIV that could be used for victims of sexual violence (VOSV). RESPECT, one of the reviewed evidence-based HIV interventions, comprises of one-on-one, client-focused HIV prevention/RR counseling, and RAPID HIV testing. Adapting RESPECT can enhance access to testing for Haitian VOSV and can influence their perceptions of HIV risk, and establishment of RR goals for future consensual intimate relations. Adapting and implementing RESPECT can increase uptake of evidence-based HIV interventions among Haitians and positively affect a region with high HIV prevalence and increased rates of sexual violence.
Exploring the role of child sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in gay and bisexual men reporting compulsive sexual behavior

Abstract Objectives Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is an impairing yet understudied clinical phenomenon. The experience of child sexual abuse (CSA) has been implicated as an etiological factor in the development of some cases of CSB ( Kuzma & Black, 2008 ); however, research regarding the role of CSA and related psychopathology in CSB symptomatology has been limited in the literature. The present study aimed to examine the uniqueness of the association of CSA with CSB as compared to other experiences of child maltreatment; the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in CSB symptoms for individuals reporting CSA; and clinical differences between individuals with and without histories of CSA. Methods Hypotheses were tested using data from a sample of 182 gay and bisexual men reporting CSB symptoms. Results CSA prevalence was high in the tested sample (39%). CSA severity was a unique predictor of CSB symptoms, above child physical and emotional abuse, and poly-victimization status was not significantly related to CSB symptoms. Contrary to hypotheses, PTSD symptoms did not significantly mediate the role of CSA severity, although PTSD symptoms explained additional variance in CSB symptoms, with the final model accounting for over a quarter of the variance in CSB symptoms (27%). Finally, men with a history of CSA reported more CSB, depressive, and anxious symptoms than those without a history of CSA. Conclusions Findings from the present study support the hypothesis that CSA may be uniquely related to CSB symptoms, above other forms of child maltreatment, and indicate that men with a CSA history are likely to present more severe clinical comorbidities. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Arterial Pressure Gradient of Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Access Steal Syndrome: Treatment Implications

Purpose: Treatment options after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) associated steal include ligation, banding, and distal revascularization-interval ligation (DRIL). The purpose of this study was to eval...
Effect of Spatially Varying Thermal Conductivity on the Magnitude of Thermal Stress in Brittle Ceramics Subjected to Convective Heating

The effect of a spatial variation of the thermal conductivity on the magnitude of the maximum tensile thermal stress in a solid circular cylinder subjected to sudden convective heating was calculated by finite element methods. The general results show that by lowering the thermal conductivity in the surface region of the cylinder, the magnitude of the maximum tensile thermal stress at the center of the cylinder is reduced significantly. The negative temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity in dielectric materials, which indirectly creates a spatial variation in thermal conductivity, also causes a significant decrease in the magnitude of the tensile thermal stresses, as demonstrated by a numerical example for aluminum oxide. It is also shown that a spatial variation in thermal conductivity can significantly affect the time to maximum tensile stress as well.
The Best of Both Worlds: Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Telepractice in the Treatment of Aphasia

Telepractice is an appropriate model of service delivery for a person with aphasia (PWA). We define telepractice and its two modes of delivery (i.e., synchronous and asynchronous). We detail a technology, web-Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (web-ORLA™), developed to provide aphasia treatment intensively from a distance and subsequently evaluated during a clinical trial. In this article, we describe our experiences using web-ORLA™, highlighting the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this unique combination of synchronous and asynchronous telepractice. Web-ORLA™ was delivered to PWAs in their homes by a digital agent, or “virtual therapist,” who served as a model and provided instructions similarly to a real therapist. An SLP at a distant geographical location monitored the sessions remotely, either synchronously or asynchronously, provided feedback, made appropriate adjustments to the difficulty level of the stimuli, and conducted weekly pr...
A “Migration of Despair”: Unemployment, the Search for Work, and Migration to Farms During the Great Depression

Objective. This study examines migration to farms during the Great Depression, when many displaced workers moved to farms in nearby rural areas searching for a means of livelihood. Methods. Regression analyses of data from the USDA, Census Bureau, and other sources are used. Results. (1) The rate of migration was greatest in places where the search for work by the unemployed was most intense. (2) The “push” of economic dislocation was a more significant factor in the migration than was the “pull” of the expected payoff to the movement. (3) Those who moved tended to be the long-term unemployed and labor force dropouts, suggesting that the migration was most sensitive to lengthy spells of joblessness. Conclusions. The results support hypotheses derived from theory and research and are most consistent with the classic “push-pull” model, which holds that the jobless will move to look for work or for other means of sustenance.
Surgical treatment for colic in the foal (67 cases): 1980-1992.

Summary Sixty-seven foals age 2 years following surgery, compared to 69% of foals with nonstrangulating lesions. The age of foals on admission had a significant effect on survival. Only 10% of foals less than 14 days of age survived, compared to 45.8% of foals between age 15 and 150 days.
Teaching autistic children to use extra-stimulus prompts

Abstract Autistic children often do not transfer from extra-stimulus prompts, and thus do not utilize a frequent learning aid. It has been hypothesized that this is due to stimulus overselectivity; a failure to respond to simultaneous multiple cues. This study was designed to determine if autistic children who initially respond only to single cues can be taught a set to respond to two cues and subsequently utilize an extra-stimulus (pointing) prompt. Four autistic children were pretested to determine if they could learn a complex visual discrimination by either trial and error or an extra-stimulus prompt fading procedure. Since they did not, the children were then taught to respond to two cues through a multiple-cue training procedure and subsequently tested to determine if they could now utilize a pointing prompt. Results indicated that while all four children initially did not transfer from an extra-stimulus (pointing) prompt, they did so subsequent to multiple-cue training. The results are discussed in terms of implications for treatment (remediating overselectivity) and in relation to normal child development.
The teaching penalty in higher education: Evidence from a public research university

Abstract This article investigates whether faculty members are rewarded for teaching. We find that teaching a wider variety of courses and devoting more time to teaching results in a significant wage penalty, even when research productivity is carefully controlled.
Analysis of dynamical low-energy electron diffraction mechanisms

Abstract It is shown that low-energy electron diffraction intensities off crystal surfaces can, despite their apparent complexity, be fully understood with such simple and familiar concepts as Bragg reflections, zero-angle scattering phase shifts, electron penetration depth, and intdermediate beams in multiple scattering. Our emphasis is on direct physical understanding rather than on calculational methods.
Atmospheric Pressure Active Nitrogen (APAN)—A New Source for Analytical Spectroscopy

An atmospheric pressure "active nitrogen" (APAN) afterglow was generated in pure flowing nitrogen (<10 ppm O2) excited in an electrodeless ozonizer discharge. The afterglow, which contains several metastable species, has been observed to be an efficient source for the excitation of atomic emission, through energy transfer. The application of the APAN afterglow for the detection and determination of ultratrace levels of Hg and the volatile hydride forming elements, As, Bi, Ge, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Te is documented.
Vantage Theory and the use of English demonstrative determinerswith proper nouns

Abstract This article discusses some apparently paradoxical behavior of the English demonstratives this/these and that/those as determiners of proper nouns and as metaphorical signals of epistemic and affective stance within the proximal–distal opposition. It is argued that the apparent paradoxes are actually cases of shifting perspectives or points of view on the part of the speaker and that Vantage Theory provides an elegant and motivated account of otherwise perplexing behavior.
CHARLES A. FERGUSON , Sociolinguistic perspectives: Papers on language in society, 1959–1994 . Ed. by Thom Huebner. (Oxford studies in sociolinguistics.) Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 348. Hb $75.00, pb $35.00.

This collection of Ferguson's articles brings together his research over four decades. When Ferguson started writing about topics related to language and society, the term “sociolinguistics” was barely used and had no recognized status as a field of inquiry. Today, the term seems too diffuse for all the strands of specialization that range from the examination of micro-socio-phonetic detail to the consideration of broad-based macro-sociological and linguistic institutions. Perhaps better than those of any other individual scholar, Ferguson's research interests reflect the breadth of the field. His topics of study have ranged “from Arabic linguistics to applied linguistics, from child language acquisition to language planning, from language and religion to language universals, from Bengali syntax to American sports announcer talk” (p. 3). His impact on the field is undeniable; but because of his expansive interests in an age of increasingly (and sometimes myopic) specialization, few readers are familiar with the full range of sociolinguistic topics that bear this scholar's mark. In Huebner's selection of articles, Ferguson's overall contribution to the field is put in perspective, although the collection is hardly exhaustive of his impact. (See now also Huebner's 1999 obituary of Ferguson.)
Effect of exogenous ANP on initial renal function following 24-hour cold preservation

Effect of exogenous ANP on initial renal function following 24-hour cold preservation. The impact of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide (sANP) on renal function following cold ischemic injury was studied in a canine autotransplant model. Following a prenephrectomy inulin clearance determination (C In ), the left kidney was excised, flushed with Eurocollins solution, and cold-stored for 24 hours. Immediately following reperfusion and a 10 minute equilibration period, baseline C In was measured over a 20-minute time interval (Collection Period I). Experimental animals (N = 11) then received 1 mcg/kg s ANP by intravenous bolus followed by a continuous infusion at 0.3 mcg/kg/min for 30 minutes. C In was measured throughout the infusion (Collection Period II). Normal saline was substituted for sANP in control animals (N = 11). C In was also measured 24 hours following reimplantation in seven control and seven sANP-treated animals. Autograft inulin clearance increased from 0.32 ± 0.11ml/min during Period I to 2.5 ± 0.6ml/min during sANP infusion (P In associated with ANP infusion was accompanied by increases in urine flow rate (V) (0.15 ± 0.05ml/min to 0.98 ± 0.21ml/min, P In , V, or RBF occurred in control animals between periods I and II. Although systemic blood pressure declined during sANP infusion, it did not decrease to an extent that compromised peripheral perfusion. C In determined 24 hours after autograft reimplantation in the ANP-treated animals approximated or exceeded values determined during ANP infusion (Period II). In summary, systemic administration of sANP 30 minutes following reperfusion of canine renal autografts significantly improved immediate renal autograft function following 24 hours of cold preservation. The beneficial impact of sANP on immediate autograft function was sustained 24 hours following administration. These observations suggest that the protective effect of sANP derives from prevention or amelioration of pathophysiologic events initiated at the time of reperfusion.
Preparation, size control, surface deposition, and catalytic reactivity of hydrophobic corrolazine nanoparticles in an aqueous environment.

Nanoparticles, each consisting of one of the three molecular corrolazine (Cz) compounds, H3(TBP8Cz), MnIII(TBP8Cz), and FeIII(TBP8Cz) (TBP8Cz = octakis(4-tert-butylphenyl)corrolazinato), were prepared via a facile mixed-solvent technique. The corrolazine nanoparticles (MCz-NPs) were formed in H2O/THF (10:1) in the presence of a small amount of a polyethylene glycol derivative (TEG-ME) added as a stabilizer. This technique allows highly hydrophobic Czs to be “dissolved” in an aqueous environment as nanoparticles, which remain in solution for several months without visible precipitation. The MCz-NPs were characterized by UV−visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and shown to be spherical particles from 100−600 nm in diameter with low polydispersity indices (PDI = 0.003−0.261). Particle size is strongly dependent on Cz concentration. The H3Cz-NPs were adsorbed on to a modified self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface and imaged by atomic force ...
Deficits in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes

People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to people's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, people with and without ASD were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. Participants viewed a brief video of a person or an inanimate object (the "figure") moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the "goal"). We hypothesized that individuals with ASD would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with people, particularly elements that might be the person's goal. Alternately, people with ASD might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a person. Our results indicate that, like controls, people with ASD noticed a change in the "goal" object at the end of a person's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with ASD did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with ASD that were not specific to scenes with people or to "goals." Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in ASD, suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected.
Melt processing and rheology of an acrylonitrile copolymer with absorbed carbon dioxide

The purpose of this study is to determine under what conditions it is possible to use CO2 to plasticize and, thereby, reduce the viscosity of an acrylonitrile (AN) copolymer in an extrusion process and render it melt processable. To assess whether it was possible to absorb adequate amounts of CO2 in short residence times by injection into a single screw extruder, a slit-die rheometer was attached to the end of the extrusion system for the purpose of directly assessing the viscosity reduction. A chemorheological analysis was performed on 65 and 85% AN copolymers to establish the temperature at which the 85% material would be as stable as the melt-processable 65% material at its recommended extrusion temperature. This, coupled with studies correlating the degree of Tg and viscosity reduction with the amount of absorbed CO2, and comparison to previous data obtained in batch processes allowed one to predict conditions for melt extrusion of the 85% AN. Preliminary studies using a pressurized chamber attached to the exit of the die allowed one to assess the conditions under which suppression of foaming is possible. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of a poly(imide siloxane) and zeolite L mixed matrix membrane

Mixed matrix membranes based on zeolite LTL dispersed in a glassy polyimide, 6FDA–6FpDA, as well as in block copolymers composed of 6FDA–6FpDA and amine-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were fabricated and characterized for gas transport properties. Pure gas permeability tests were performed using He, O2, N2, CH4 and CO2 for each membrane. Permeability was shown to increase for all gases as the siloxane content in the copolymer increased. The addition of zeolite L to the polymer matrix lowered the permeability of all gases regardless of the polymer matrix, and did not offer improvements in the ideal selectivity of any gas pair investigated.
Prevention of nausea and vomiting following breast surgery.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of nausea and vomiting in women following breast surgery (PONV) under general anesthesia (GA), before and after the introduction of a standardized prophylactic anti-emetic (AE) regimen. Methods We performed a retrospective review of eligible patients, between July 2001 and March 2003. Patients operated on before September 2002 had standard preoperative care (old cohort [OC]); patients operated on after September 2002 were treated prophylactically with oral dronabinol 5 mg and rectal prochlorperazine 25 mg (new cohort [NC]). Data were collected from hospital records regarding age, diagnosis, comorbid conditions, previous anesthesia history, anesthesia and operative details, episodes PONV, and use of AE. The rate and severity of PONV was calculated for both cohorts. Results Two hundred forty-two patients were studied: 127 patients in the OC and 115 patients in the NC. The median age was 56 years (range 32 to 65). The rate of nausea and vomiting were significantly better in the patients treated prophylactically with dronabinol and prochlorperazine (59% vs. 15%, P P P Conclusion PONV is a significant problem in breast surgical patients. Preoperative treatment with dronabinol and prochlorperazine significantly reduced the number and severity of episodes of PONV.
Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West

This book examines the sobering realities associated with the participation of ordinary Americans in the development of the nation's nuclear weapons arsenal. A former Chicago Tribune reporter and one-time editor of 'The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists', Len Ackland explores the fascinating story of Rocky Flats, Colorado for the first time. He skilfully weaves together the experiences of individuals with clear explanations of nuclear weapons technology , the dangers posed by plutonium and radiation, and the bitter fight between government agencies over environmental degradation.