cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vertical Wind Shear Associated with Left-Moving Supercells

Vertical wind shear parameters are presented for 60 left-moving supercells across the United States, 53 of which produced severe hail ($1.9 cm). Hodographs corresponding to environments of left-moving supercells have a tendency to be more linear than those of their right-moving supercell counterparts. When curvature is present in the hodographs of the left-moving supercells, it is typically confined to the lowest 0.5‐1 km. Values of 0‐6-km wind shear for left-moving supercells—both bulk and cumulative—are within the ranges commonly found in right-moving supercell environments, but the shear values do occur toward the lower end of the spectrum. Conversely, the absolute values of storm-relative helicity (SRH) for left-moving supercells are much smaller, on average, than what occur for right-moving supercells (although SRH values for many right-moving supercells also fall well below general guidelines for mesocyclone development). A significant fraction of the 0‐3-km SRH (25%) and 0‐1-km SRH (65%) for left-moving supercells is positive, owing to the shallow clockwise curvature of the hodographs. However, nearly all of the 1‐3-km SRH for left-moving supercells is negative, with absolute values comparable in magnitude to those for right-moving supercells. A limited climatological analysis of vertical wind shear associated with convective environments across parts of the central United States suggests that clockwise curvature of the low-level shear vector is most common in the central/southern plains, partially explaining the preeminence of right-moving supercells in that area. In contrast, hodographs are more linear over the northern high plains, suggesting left-moving supercells may be relatively more common there. It would be beneficial to implement operational radar algorithms that can detect mesoanticyclones across the United States.
Ultrastructural changes in the nucleoplasm of hamster facial neurons during a postnatal maturation period.

Abstract Changes in the characteristics of the nucleoplasm were examined in young hamster facial motoneurons of 15 and 20 days postnatal age and in the adult (100 days postnatal age) at both the light and electron microscope levels. In toluidine-blue stained 1-μm thick sections, a progressive increase in basophilic islands within the nucleoplasm occurred during maturation. Ultrastructural changes that were observed during final development included a transition from a homogeneous, ‘filled-in’ appearing nucleoplasm to a clumped-appearing nucleoplasm. This process principally involved the formation of distinct clusters of interchromatin granules that was associated with a loss of fine fibrils, an increase in clear spaces between intervening fibrillar and granular material, and an increase in small scattered clumps of heterochromatin. These changes in both ribonucleoprotein (RNP)- and DNA-containing nuclear constituents (interchromatin granules and heterochromatin, respectively) occurred during a postnatal maturational period previously demonstrated to involve other alterations in nuclear structures. It is interpreted that these cytomorphic changes in the nucleoplasm reflect an underlying metabolic shift at the transcriptional level during the transition from an actively growing neuron to an adult functioning neuron.
Preparation of Spherical Toner Particles for Atomic Force Microscopic Studies of Colloidal Forces

Abstract The experimental procedure for the preparation of spherical toner particles with diameters of a few micrometers is described. This procedure involves the formulation of a toner-in-glycerol emulsion at an elevated temperature (90–100°C), solidification of dispersed toner droplets at a reduced temperature (35–45°C), and filtration of toner particles with a cellulose acetate membrane. Such prepared toner particles can be used for the determination of particle interaction forces in wastepaper deinking systems by atomic force microscopy.
Human rights, Third World socialism and Cuba

Abstract Despite the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the subsequent covenants, the substance of human rights is not universally accepted. Different conceptualizations of human rights are contingent on the relationship among such factors as cultural patterns, philosophic and ideological underpinnings of particular societies, socio-economic structures, historical legacy and the national goals of various states. Socialist Third World countries at no time in their history experienced the radical transformations that led to the rise of capitalism in the West and the accompanying liberal doctrines including notions of the inalienable rights of individual man. Rather superimposed on traditional societies they experienced the disruption of authoritarian colonial or semi-colonial rule and economic exploitation. With independence those Third World countries that adopted socialism, such as Cuba, reinterpreted Marxism within the context of their particular societies. The mutuality of rights and obligations and the state's responsibiliy for fulfilling the basic needs of man/woman such as food, housing and health care are the substance of rights in contrast to the West's emphasis on individual civil and political rights.
Numerical Simulations of Fluidic Control for Transonic Cavity Flows

A numerical study is conducted to investigate fluidic control for transonic flow over an open cavity. Numerical results are obtained for the unsteady threedimensional flow with different steady mass injection rates upstream of the cavity. The simulations use a hybrid two-equation turbulence model in the Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) to calculate the flow and acoustic fields. Computational results are presented for RMS pressure load, SPL and kinetic energy spectra. Vorticity, Mach number, and kinetic energy contours are shown at different injection ratios. The computed sound pressure level (SPL) spectra without injection is compared with available experimental data. Nomenclature
Visualization of the Lytechinus pictus egg jelly coat in platinum replicas

Abstract The jelly coat of Lytechinus pictus is composed of a three-dimensional network of interconnected fibers. Both the jelly ultrastructure and its individual molecular components were visualized using rotary-shadowed platinum/carbon replicas. Bulk egg jelly, shed dry onto mica chips, displays large rope-like strands composed of bundles of smaller fibers associated with an amorphous ground substance. Additional fibers extend laterally from the rope-like strands forming branching networks. Isolation of the major fucose sulfate-rich polysaccharide complex showed that its overall structure is similar to that of whole egg jelly. Individual molecular components of jelly, separated by acid extraction and sprayed onto mica chips in 50% glycerol, exhibit repeating topological features including branching and large numbers of internal and terminal loops. Size and complexity of individual components range from small circular molecules of less than 50 nm in diameter to highly branched networks exceeding 9.5 μm in total length.
Risk and FDI flows to developing countries

The explanatory power of institutional and macroeconomic variables for FDI stock accumulation in developing countries is investigated. Hypotheses are tested by means of pooled least squares regressions. The impact of institutional variables on FDI flows produced mixed results: levels of economic freedom facilitate inward FDI; political risk dampens investment. Some macroeconomic variables displayed significant explanatory power: market size (as measured by per capita income in the base year) and absolute growth of GDP positively impacts FDI inflows. Other key macroeconomic variables, such as lower current account balance, appreciation of host country’s currency, and lower inflation rate stimulate FDI inflows.
Design considerations for a wearable pediatric rehabilitative boot

Two therapies for pediatric cerebral palsy patients with spastic diplegia of the legs are physical therapy to stretch the calf muscles and serial casting in combination with Botox injection. Furthermore, patients often wear ankle orthotics to assist in ambulation and therapy. With the advent of new materials and controls technology, a new wearable active orthotic boot design is proposed. Design considerations characterizing the needs of this pediatric device are summarized. System components including the actuators, sensors and controllers are presented and evaluated. A proposed boot design that is currently under construction is presented and implementation issues are discussed. The development of a novel wearable rehabilitative boot for pediatric patients with spastic diplegia is plausible and may lead to improved rehabilitative therapy.
Endoscopic component separation for laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repair: a single institutional comparison of outcomes and review of the technique

To our knowledge, there are limited small case series reports on endoscopic component separation (ECS) and no single institutional study comparing the difference in outcomes between laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repairs following endoscopic component separation. A single institutional retrospective review was performed, identifying 42 patients who underwent endoscopic component separation at a single institution by a single surgeon for ventral hernia repair with prosthesis from 2010 to 2013. Seventeen patients underwent subsequent open ventral hernia repair (OHR) and 25 underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LHR). Demographics, surgical factors, wound complications and hernia occurrence post-operatively were reviewed. Surgical factors/demographics were similar between groups. All patients achieved primary fascial and skin closure. Operative time for the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than the open group (278 vs. 378 min; P = 0.0001), and there was a trend towards a shorter hospital stay in the laparoscopic group (laparoscopic, 4 days; open, 5 days; P = 0.063). Estimated blood loss per case with ECS and subsequent laparoscopy was significantly lower than in the open cases (63 vs. 147 cc; P = 0.0017). In both groups, wound complications occurred in five patients (laparoscopic, 20 %; open, 29 %; P = 0.71). There was one midline hernia recurrence and two lateral abdominal wall hernia occurrences post-operatively in the laparoscopic group, whereas there were no midline and one lateral wall hernia occurrence in the open group. Patients undergoing endoscopic component separation with subsequent laparoscopic fascial reapproximation had a significantly shorter operative time and estimated blood loss when compared with open fascial reapproximation. Wound complications were similar in both groups although there were a greater number of hernia occurrences post-operatively in the laparoscopic group, though of no statistical significance.
Charged particle multiplicity distributions in e + e- annihilation at 29 GeV: a comparison with hadronic data

The charged particle multiplicity distributions for two-jet events ine + e − annihilation at 29 GeV have been measured using the High Resolution Spectrometer at PEP. A Poisson distribution describes the data for both the complete event and for the single jets. In addition, no correlation is observed between the multiplicities in the two jets of an event. For fixed values of the prong number of the complete event, the multiplicity sharing between the two jets is in good agreement with a binomial distribution. The rapidity gap distribution is exponential with a slope equal to the mean rapidity density. These observations, which are consistent with a picture of independent emission of single particles, are contrasted to the results from soft hadronic collisions and conclusions are drawn about the nature of clusters.
Rethinking Merger Efficiencies

The two leading merger systems - those of the United States and the European Union - treat the potential benefits and risks of mergers asymmetrically. Both systems require considerably greater proof of efficiencies than they do of potential harms if the efficiencies are to offset concerns over the accumulation or exercise of market power. The implicit asymmetry principle has important systemic effects for merger control. Not only does it stand in the way of some socially desirable mergers, but it may indirectly facilitate the clearance of some socially undesirable mergers. Neither system explicitly justifies this asymmetry and none of the plausible justifications is normatively supportable. The most likely positive explanations for the asymmetry stem from institutional frictions between the lawyer and economist classes in the antitrust agencies, self-preservationist biases by antitrust regulators, and misplaced ideological opposition to industrial concentration. In principle, the probability-adjusted net present value of merger risks should be treated symmetrically with the probability-adjusted net present value of merger efficiencies.
Guidelines for Empirical Papers on Group Care Programs

The Child and Youth Care Forum (CYCF) publishes a relatively large number of papers on youth served in residential or group care programs (in 2010, almost one-third, or 9 out of 32, of the papers were on group care). Across these papers the content of program description has varied widely. In this issue of CYCF, Lee and Barth note that knowledgebuilding about group care’s effectiveness and outcomes has been hindered by a lack of uniformity in the description of a program as well as its goals and outcomes. The basic point they make is simple but very important, and it is that a particular label may not always identify similar programs or intervention models. Residential or other group care programs may differ fundamentally on several levels but often share the same or similar label for widely differing programs, which may promote misunderstanding of the value of an individual program. Lee and Barth argue that providing clarity for external stakeholders (e.g., parents and youth) is essential and that more comprehensive and standardized program descriptions are needed to improve the research and interpretation of findings on group care programs. Reporting descriptive information about programs consistently will also facilitate systematic reviews by ensuring clearer comparison of the results from research studies. In their paper in this issue, Lee and Barth propose Group Care Reporting Standards, for which such characteristics as program goals, population served, and therapeutic components are detailed explicitly in reports on group care programs for youth. These standards specify the information that should be included in empirical papers that describe group care programs or outcomes of youth served in these programs. Lee and Barth emphasize the importance of transparency with regards to the program’s desired outcomes, population, location, size, model or theory of change, activities, staffing, and several other characteristics. This content is to be included in the methods section (or elsewhere as appropriate). Authors interested in submitting original research that include data from youth receiving group care services should therefore include all of the details noted by Lee and Barth, as relevant, in their manuscripts (See Table 1). Reviews of the literature should also attend to each of these issues (See Lee and Barth, this issue). The idea of reporting standards
Predicted color excess ratios versus interstellar grain size

Various color excess ratios, the ratio (R) of total to selective extinction, and values of the wavelength of maximum interstellar linear polarization (lambda max) are computed and displayed as functions of mean interstellar grain size and absorption coefficients. E(V-K)/E(B-V)-E(u-b)/E(b-y) is shown to be highly sensitive to changes of mean grain size. The shape of the R versus lambda max curve is shown to depend on the amount of absorption initially present in the grains, and on the absorptivity of the material added to the grains. While no simple model of grain growth has been found to fit all the observations, the two stars with the largest values of lambda max (HD 147889 and W67) support the concept of dielectric mantles growing on dielectric grains. It is further shown that more accurate uby and JKL photometry of heavily reddened stars would permit better discrimination between grain growth theories.
Fate and control of blistering chemical warfare agents in Kuwait's desalination industry

Kuwait, as most of the other states located along the Western shores of the Arabian Gulf, relies upon the Gulf as its main drinking water resource via desalination. In case of seawater contamination with blistering chemical warfare agents, traces of the agents and/or degradation products in the finished water might pose a serious health hazard. The objective of the present review is to study the potential contamination, transport, fate, effect and control of blistering chemical warfare agents (CWAs), in the Kuwaiti desalination industry. In general, all the environmental factors involved in the aquatic degradation of CWAs in Kuwait marine environment except for the high salinity in case of blistering agents such as sulphur mustard, are in favor of a fast degradation process. In case of massive releases of CWAs near the Kuwaiti shorelines, turbulence resulting from tidal cycles and high temperature will affect the dissolution process and extend the toxicity of the insoluble agent. Post‐ and pre‐chlorinatio...
Operation of a solid oxide fuel cell on a reformed FAME mixture

Abstract The operation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using a reformed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixture a biodiesel-like fuel, has been successfully demonstrated. This project had two main aspects: 1) determining the fuel reforming activity of a pyrochlore catalyst deposited onto a monolith; and 2) operating a SOFC on reformed fuel gas. Prior to integrated testing, parametric reforming studies of the FAME mixture were conducted using both Rh/γ-Al 2 O 3 and Rh-substituted pyrochlore catalyst powders to determine the operating conditions to maximize syngas selectivity. Using the same pyrochlore catalyst as in the parametric studies, a monolith reformer converted 0.5 cm 3 min −1 of the FAME mixture into mostly hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas). The syngas generated in the reformer was sent to an anode supported SOFC (H.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH & Co.) The SOFC operated on 98% H 2 /2% H 2 O for baseline testing before and after switching to the reformed FAME mixture for 100 h of operation. The results presented here demonstrate that FAME mixture can be successfully reformed to power a SOFC, making them a viable fuel for a SOFC-based auxiliary power unit that is both greenhouse gas neutral and renewable.
Structure of a complex between a voltage-gated calcium channel β-subunit and an α-subunit domain

Voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) govern muscle contraction, hormone and neurotransmitter release, neuronal migration, activation of calcium-dependent signalling cascades, and synaptic input integration1. An essential CaV intracellular protein, the β-subunit (CaVβ)1,2, binds a conserved domain (the α-interaction domain, AID) between transmembrane domains I and II of the pore-forming α1 subunit3 and profoundly affects multiple channel properties such as voltage-dependent activation2, inactivation rates2, G-protein modulation4, drug sensitivity5 and cell surface expression6,7. Here, we report the high-resolution crystal structures of the CaVβ2a conserved core, alone and in complex with the AID. Previous work suggested that a conserved region, the β-interaction domain (BID), formed the AID-binding site3,8; however, this region is largely buried in the CaVβ core and is unavailable for protein–protein interactions. The structure of the AID–CaVβ2a complex shows instead that CaVβ2a engages the AID through an extensive, conserved hydrophobic cleft (named the α-binding pocket, ABP). The ABP–AID interaction positions one end of the CaVβ near the intracellular end of a pore-lining segment, called IS6, that has a critical role in CaV inactivation9,10. Together, these data suggest that CaVβs influence CaV gating by direct modulation of IS6 movement within the channel pore.
The Ethnography of South Asian Foragers

Forty contemporary South Asian societies continue to carry out hunting and gathering as their primary subsistence strategy, but who are these societies? In which ways are they similar or dissimilar? Are they like contemporary foragers in other world areas? This article reviews ethnographic research concerning contemporary South Asian foragers with a focus on subsistence, cosmologies, and social organization. Major conclusions are that evolutionary/devolutionary theories about foragers during the documented ethnographic period lack reliable data and that theories of trade between farmers and foragers ignore the paramount importance of subsistence foraging practices. Currently, theories based on interpretations of foragers' own cultural categories and standpoints constitute the most reliable ethnographic studies, and notable contributions are highlighted. Contemporary foragers themselves advocate that their best chances for cultural survival depend on state governments that maintain environmentally diverse,...
Modernizing Message, Mystical Messenger: The Teatro Petul in the Chiapas Highlands, 1954–1974

The Mexican government's National Indigenist Institute (Instituto Nacional Indigenista, or INI) was at a crossroads in early 1954. Three years after opening its pilot Indigenist Coordinating Center (Centro Coordinador Indigenista, or CCI) in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, the INI had managed to launch several development projects in the highlands despite the hostility of local ladinos (non-Indians) and the indifference and distrust of most Tzeltal and Tzotzil Maya communities. The INI operated nearly fifty bilingual schools, called Literacy Centers, but attendance figures were low, especially for girls. It had built four medical clinics, but most highland Maya still turned to shamans when they fell ill. Although water-borne and flea-borne diseases ravaged the indigenous population on a seasonal basis, most Tzeltals and Tzotzils resisted the INI's vaccination and hygiene campaigns and refused to permit the encasement of their sacred springs. The INI also had trouble selling its consumer cooperatives. In short, it had established a foothold in a complicated region, but most Tzeltals and Tzotzils were reluctant to embrace its development programs.
Computational aspects in local image denoising and reconstruction with correlated errors

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTIn a range of imaging problems, effective algorithm is critical for image denoising and reconstruction. It becomes more important when images are blurred with spatially correlated noises. In this paper, we review multivariate local regression models for the use of image denoising and reconstruction, and propose an “indirect” algorithm for image denoising with spatially correlated errors. We discuss the effective computation of the algorithm in order to reduce the computational burden for high-dimensional problems. Finally, the resulting algorithm and analyses are illustrated with a case study.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RELATIONAL ETHICS SCALE

In order for empirical testing to be performed systematically on family therapy theories, appropriate testing instruments must be developed and validated. The purpose of this study was to develep a reliable and valid scale for measuring the related constructs of relational ethics as described in contextual family therapy (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Presented here is the five-stage procedure used in development in Relational Ethics Scale, data supporting the validity and reliability of the scale, and the final version of the instrument.
The low-temperature synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−δ under reduced oxygen pressure

Abstract Thermogravimetric data on the synthesis of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ below 800°C under reduced pressure are presented. It is demonstrated that the reaction pathway and rate are determined by the CO 2 , O 2 , and total pressure in the reaction vessel. The importance of these variables to the impurities generated during the synthesis is discussed.
Calcitonin in Metabolic Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses calcitonin in metabolic disorders. The balance between mineral deposition and mineral solubilization at the vast interphase between bone and extracellular fluid is quantitatively the predominant factor in the regulation of calcium levels in extracellular fluid and blood. The first submammalian species of calcitonin to be isolated and structurally defined was salmon calcitonin, which was extracted from ultimobranchial tissues and was resolved into three different hormones after purification. The pure human and the porcine hormones are adequate antigens and induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies, especially when given with impurities or conjugated to other proteins. Chemical modification of porcine calcitonin does not impair its immunogenicity despite total or nearly total loss of biological activity. Immunological evaluation of fragments of porcine and human calcitonin molecules suggests that major antigenic determinants are associated with the portion of the peptide extending from residues. The C-terminal amide group, although not essential for full biological activity, is important in immunogenicity.
The Union of the Manifold of Intuition in the Concept of an Object: B-Deduction § 17

Given our Chapter Seven stipulation, we have the actual-consciousness version of (S) at our disposal. As we have seen, that version of (S) states that H is conscious in thought that the I think accompanies all of i’s elements taken together. In B-Deduction § 17 Kant wishes to show that from the truth of that version of (S) and the opening Deduction assumption (K) (that H knows via i) it follows that the manifold of i is united in the concept of an object. He also must show that the object in whose concept that manifold is united is the object that H knows through i. These new conclusions go considerably beyond the claim, which we have noted already, that the holding of unity of apperception with respect to i implies that i’s elements form a combination and hence require synthesis. These conclusions imply that such a combination is, specifically, a combination of i’s elements such that H thinks there to be a single object — the object that H knows through i — that appears through those elements (or that is, as an appearance, identical to the synthesized manifold of those elements). Or, in other terms, the § 17 line of argument amounts to the reasoning that, to the extent that we self-ascribe our knowledge in a first-person way, our knowledge concerns a single object that is distinct from the mental states through which we know.
Probing Framework-Restricted Metal Axial Ligation and Spin State Patterns in a Post-Synthetically Reduced Iron-Porphyrin-Based Metal–Organic Framework

An iron-porphyrin-based metal organic framework PCN-222(Fe) is investigated upon postsynthetic reduction with piperidine. Fe K-edge X-ray absorption and Kβ mainline emission spectroscopy measurements reveal the local coordination geometry, oxidation, and spin state changes experienced by the Fe sites upon reaction with this axially coordinating reducing agent. Analysis and fitting of these data confirm the binding pattern predicted by a space-filling model of the structurally constrained pore environments. These results are further supported by UV–vis diffuse reflectance, IR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy data.
Effect of genetic obesity and phenobarbital treatment on the hepatic conjugation pathways.

The effect of genetic obesity and phenobarbital treatment on hepatic conjugation pathways was evaluated in the obese Zucker rat. Acetaminophen pharmacokinetic parameters were examined in vivo after a 30-mg/kg acetaminophen intravenous bolus dose in the presence and absence of phenobarbital treatment. Glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation pathways were studied in vitro in obese and lean Zucker rats after phenobarbital treatment. Obese Zucker rats demonstrated a higher glucuronidation capacity as evidenced by a higher formation clearance of acetaminophen glucuronide and greater UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) activity toward acetaminophen and p-nitrophenol compared with lean controls. Sulfate and glutathione conjugation pathways were not affected by genetic obesity. Obese Zucker rats possessed a higher total hepatic glutathione content due to greater liver weight. Phenobarbital treatment enhanced glucuronidation of acetaminophen and structurally related compounds (i.e., p-nitrophenol) similarly in both phenotypes, but the treatment failed to induce morphine UDPGT in the obese Zucker rat. No effect of phenobarbital was observed on sulfate conjugation, gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase activity or hepatic glutathione content in obese or lean Zucker rats. Similar increases in glutathione transferase activities were observed in animals of both phenotypes after phenobarbital treatment. This study demonstrates that glucuronidation is enhanced in genetically obese rats, whereas phenobarbital causes normal induction of several enzymes of the glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation pathways in the obese Zucker rat. However, morphine UDPGT was not induced by phenobarbital, suggesting that obese Zucker rats may possess a defect in the induction of this enzyme similar to that already described for the CYP2B gene in this strain.
Symbolic Consumption in Upscale Cafés: Examining Korean Gen Y Consumers’ Materialism, Conformity, Conspicuous Tendencies, and Functional Qualities

The growth in premium coffee consumption in South Korea along with increased incomes and lifestyle changes has created important opportunities for marketers to target customers in the international...
Phase Separation in Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) Ionomers by Spin Probe ESR: Effect of the Degree of Sulfonation and Water Content

We present the effect of the degree of sulfonation (DS) and water content on the phase separation in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) ionomers, using the method of spin probe electron spin resonance (ESR). The ionomer contained the nitroxide radical 4-oxo-TEMPO (TEMPONE) as the spin probe. ESR spectra in the temperature range 110–350 K were measured in order to obtain information on the dynamics of the spin probe, and the local polarity of the probe site in SPEEK membranes with DS = 38%, 58%, and 70%. ESR spectra at 110 K and at 350 K were simulated for each DS value, in samples soaked at ambient temperature and at 60 °C. For all samples the hyperfine splittings for the 14N nucleus, aiso, was in the range 15.4–15.8 G, indicating a hydrophilic environment of the probe, based on the comparison with the aiso value measured for TEMPONE in bulk water at 350 K. The local dynamics of the probe is reflected in the type and number of spectral components as a function of DS and type of soak. At 350 K spe...
Integration of Palliative Care Into the Care of Children With Serious Illness

1. Tammy I. Kang, MD, MSCE* 2. David Munson, MD* 3. Jennifer Hwang, MD, MHS* 4. Chris Feudtner, MD, PhD, MPH* 1. *The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA * Abbreviations: AAP: : American Academy of Pediatrics CCC: : concurrent care for children NICU: : neonatal intensive care unit PPC: : pediatric palliative care The 2013 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement “Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Care: Commitments, Guidelines, and Recommendations” urges broader integration of palliative care into overall medical care plans not only for terminally ill infants and children but also for those with life-threatening or life-shortening illnesses. Despite supportive federal legislation, the AAP recommendations have not been implemented consistently because of inadequate training, lack of funding, entrenched professional attitudes, and lack of an evidence base for assessments and interventions. To overcome these barriers, pediatric health care clinicians should educate themselves, their patients, their practices, and their health care systems on the benefits of earlier palliative care intervention. During the past decade the field of pediatric palliative care (PPC) has transformed. Palliative care services, once thought to be suitable only for patients in the last stages of life or reserved for patients engaging hospice services, are now being used much more broadly. No longer restricted to just the provision of end-of-life care, palliative care for children is now best understood as encompassing a combination of medical, psychosocial, and spiritual care that enables children with serious, life-threatening illnesses to maximize quality of life while making medical decisions based on the goals and values of the patient and family. Integrating palliative care into the overall plan of medical care for children with serious illness is a key therapeutic goal. In 2013, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a policy statement entitled “Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Care: Commitments, Guidelines, and Recommendations” that aimed to promote the welfare of infants and children living with life-threatening or inevitably life-shortening conditions and their …
Health impact of centralized air conditioning system on employees in public places in Fengtai district,Beijing

Objective To understand the health impact of centralized air conditioning system on employees in public places in Fengtai district, Beijing. Methods From November to December, 2012, 703 employees from 18 units(hotels, restaurants and supermarkets) with centralized air conditioning system were chosen as the exposed population, 447 employees from the same type of public places without centralized air conditioning system were chosen as the control population. Questionnaire investigation and blood samples collecting were conducted in target population. Serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE were tested. Results The exposed population caught cold for(1.7±1.6) times in the most recent year, which was higher than the control population which was(1.4±1.2) times(P0.05). The exposure group suffered higher incidence of discomfort symptoms about ocular symptoms, respiratory system, skin and nervous system than the control group. The average concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in exposed group were all significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that, using centralized air-conditioning system in public places maybe the influence factor on the immunity level of employees. The average IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE serum concentrations in exposed group were 0.19 g/L, 1.3 g/L, 0.07 g/L, 44 IU/ml respectively,which were higher than those of control group with significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion Exposure to centralized air conditioning system in public places may have adverse effects on the immunity and ocular symptoms, respiratory system, skin and nervous system.
Effects of Microwave Ablation on Arterial and Venous Vasculature after Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose To characterize vessel occlusion rates and their role in local tumor progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent microwave tumor ablation. Materials and Methods This institutional review board approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective review included 95 patients (75 men and 20 women) with 124 primary HCCs who were treated at a single center between January 2011 and March 2014. Complete occlusion of the portal veins, hepatic veins, and hepatic arteries within and directly abutting the ablation zone was identified with postprocedure contrast material-enhanced computed tomography. For each vessel identified in the ablation zone, its size and antenna spacing were recorded and correlated with vascular occlusion with logistic regression analysis. Local tumor progression rates were then compared between patent and occluded vessels for each vessel type with Fisher exact test. Results Occlusion was identified in 39.7% of portal veins (29 of 73), 15.0% of hepatic veins (six of 40), and 14.2% of hepatic arteries (10 of 70) encompassed within the ablation zone. Hepatic vein occlusion was significantly correlated with a smaller vessel size (P = .036) and vessel-antenna spacing (P = .006). Portal vein occlusion was only significantly correlated with a smaller vessel size (P = .001), particularly in vessels that were less than 3 mm in diameter. Local tumor progression rates were significantly correlated with patent hepatic arteries within the ablation zone (P = .02) but not with patent hepatic (P = .57) or portal (P = .14) veins. Conclusion During microwave ablation of HCC, hepatic veins and arteries were resistant to vessel occlusion compared with portal veins, and only arterial patency within an ablation zone was related to local tumor progression. © RSNA, 2016.
Speech perception adjusts to stable spectrotemporal properties of the listening environment.

When perceiving speech, listeners compensate for reverberation and stable spectral peaks in the speech signal. Despite natural listening conditions usually adding both reverberation and spectral coloration, these processes have only been studied separately. Reverberation smears spectral peaks across time, which is predicted to increase listeners' compensation for these peaks. This prediction was tested using sentences presented with or without a simulated reverberant sound field. All sentences had a stable spectral peak (added by amplifying frequencies matching the second formant frequency [F2] in the target vowel) before a test vowel varying from /i/ to /u/ in F2 and spectral envelope (tilt). In Experiment 1, listeners demonstrated increased compensation (larger decrease in F2 weights and larger increase in spectral tilt weights for identifying the target vowel) in reverberant speech than in nonreverberant speech. In Experiment 2, increased compensation was shown not to be due to reverberation tails. In Experiment 3, adding a pure tone to nonreverberant speech at the target vowel's F2 frequency increased compensation, revealing that these effects are not specific to reverberation. Results suggest that perceptual adjustment to stable spectral peaks in the listening environment is not affected by their source or cause.
Redox and phase behavior of Pd-substituted (La,Sr)CrO3 perovskite solid oxide fuel cell anodes

Abstract The use of palladium and strontium in LaCrO 3 perovskites for solid oxide fuel cell anodes is known to lead to improved performance, in part due to the formation of palladium at the surface under reducing conditions that can act as a catalyst, with regeneration of the catalyst possible by cycling between oxidizing and reducing conditions. Whether this cycling involves dissolution and exsolution of the palladium into the perovskite is unclear. We describe a detailed analysis of the perovskites La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Cr 1 − x Pd x O 3 − δ (LSCrPd, nominal stoichiometry x = 0.1 and 0.2) under reducing and oxidizing conditions. A LSCrPd perovskite was found to be the main phase, further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Secondary phases including metallic Pd, PdO, and La 4 PdO 7 , as well as SrCrO 4 , were also present. Some phases, such as PdO, SrCrO 4 , and La 4 PdO 7 , were no longer present following reduction while other phases such as metallic Pd and La 2 O 3 , were found in increasing amounts. When used as active solid oxide fuel cell anode layers both with and without Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2 − β (GDC) in La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 − e /La 0.4 Ce 0.6 O 2 electrolyte-supported cells, SOFCs with anodes containing GDC and higher amounts of Pd demonstrated higher maximum power densities and lower anode polarization resistances compared to cells with GDC-free, lower Pd content anodes. While the Pd is important to improve the anode performance, the results indicate that cycling does not lead to simple dissolution/exsolution into the perovskite, instead many other phases are present while a limited amount of Pd was actually observed in the perovskite.
La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile's Frontier Territory. By Thomas Miller Klubock. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. xiii, 385. $27.95.)

This exceptional book is a rare combination of the best traditions of social history and environmental history in a powerful analysis of Chile's forestry sector from the late nineteenth century to ...
Probing feature selectivity of neurons in primary visual cortex with natural stimuli

One way to characterize neural feature selectivity is to model the response probability as a nonlinear function of the output of a set of linear filters applied to incoming signals. Traditionally these linear filters are measured by probing neurons with correlated Gaussian noise ensembles and calculating correlation functions between incoming signals and neural responses. It is also important to derive these filters in response to natural stimuli, which have been shown to have strongly non-Gaussian spatiotemporal correlations. An information-theoretic method has been proposed recently for reconstructing neural filters using natural stimuli in which one looks for filters whose convolution with the stimulus ensemble accounts for the maximal possible part of the overall information carried the sequence of neural responses. Here we give a first-time demonstration of this method on real neural data, and compare responses of neurons in cat primary visual cortex driven with natural stimuli, noise ensembles, and moving gratings. We show that the information-theoretic method achieves the same quality of filter reconstruction for natural stimuli as that of well-established white-noise methods. Major parameters of neural filters derived from noise ensembles and natural stimuli, as well as from moving gratings are consistent with one another. We find that application of the reverse correlation method to natural stimuli ensembles leads to significant distortions in filters for a majority of studied cells with non-zero reverse-correlation filter.
Spin-orbit torque switching of ultralarge-thickness ferrimagnetic GdFeCo

We report on spin-orbit torque measurements in ferrimagnetic ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{21}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{90}{\mathrm{Co}}_{10})}_{79}$ films with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and thicknesses up to $30\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The dampinglike and fieldlike torques have been quantified using second harmonic Hall voltage detection. Both torques show an inverse linear dependence on the thickness that is indicative of the interfacial nature of the torques. The spin-Hall angle remains constant over the thickness range of 10 to $30\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{21}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{90}{\mathrm{Co}}_{10})}_{79}$. Remarkably, we find that this interfacial torque is able to switch a $30\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thick ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{21}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{90}{\mathrm{Co}}_{10})}_{79}$ film with a reasonably large thermal stability of $\ensuremath{\approx}100\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{k}_{B}T$.
Is an Intact Posterior Vertebral Body Cortex Protective for Percutaneous Ablation

After the lung and liver, bone is the most common site for metastatic disease and the spine is the most common site of bony metastases.[1][1] Roughly 70% of patients with cancer will develop metastatic disease. Of these, 40% develop spinal metastatic disease and 10%–20% of these will develop
Corporate Governance: The Jack Wright Series (9) Dealing with External Pressures (Spanish)

This is a Spanish translation of the May 16, 2011, version of UVA-OM-1091. In this case, for which case 10 in the series provides a coda, Jack Wright and the Mega Corporation board must deal with external pressures regarding the company's recent poor financial performance and the threat that a large amount of cash on hand might lead to a hostile takeover. Excerpt UVA-OM-1626 Rev. May 16, 2011 Gobierno CorporativoCaso N.° 9 de la Serie Jack WrightEl manejo de las presiones externas Luego de la reunion de directorio realizada en abril, Jack Wright decidio que estaba listo para reunirse con Sam Bigger y tratar de lograr que la compania avanzara en la direccion correcta. Habia llegado a la conclusion de que los temas a tratar debian incluir varias ideas necesarias para asegurar el progreso de la compania y el planeamiento de la sucesion gerencial. No esperaba un compromiso de parte de Sam, pero si queria recordarle que John Rock se acercaba a la edad de jubilacion y que Sam mismo debia comenzar a pensar cuando dejaria el cargo de Presidente del directorio. Jack tuvo una reunion con Sam en junio y planeaban acordar la fecha para otra reunion luego de que Sam regresara de unas largas vacaciones en agosto. La reunion transcurrio bastante bien. Jack mostro respeto por los logros de Sam y preocupacion por las tendencias recientes. Recalco sus esperanzas de que la compania continuara prosperando. Al principio de la reunion, Sam parecia estar un poco a la defensiva, pero comenzo a sentirse tentado por la idea de llevar a cabo una importante tarea final para concluir su carrera con exito. Dio senales de querer participar en el planeamiento de la sucesion, en especial para asegurar un buen tratamiento para John Rock. Una llamada telefonica de Phil Agee desperto a Jack Wright muy temprano una manana de sabado a principios de septiembre. Phil le informo que, de pronto, habia descubierto que probablemente las ganancias de Mega en el trimestre en curso resultarian sustancialmente inferiores a lo planeado y a las expectativas de Wall Street. El comite de auditoria debia reunirse de inmediato para tratar la situacion. . . .
UB-ANC planner: Energy efficient coverage path planning with multiple drones

Advancements in the design of drones have led to their use in varied environments and applications such as battle field surveillance. In such scenarios, swarms of drones can coordinate to survey a given area. We consider the problem of covering an arbitrary area containing obstacles using multiple drones, i.e., the so-called coverage path planning (CPP) problem. The goal of the CPP problem is to find paths for each drone such that the entire area is covered. However, a major limitation in such deployments is drone flight time. To most efficiently use a swarm, we propose to minimize the maximum energy consumption among all drones' flight paths. We perform measurements to understand energy consumption of a drone. Using these measurements, we formulate an Energy Efficient Coverage Path Planning (EECPP) problem. We solve this problem in two steps: a load-balanced allocation of the given area to individual drones, and a minimum energy path planning (MEPP) problem for each drone. We conjecture that MEPP is NP-hard as it is similar to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). We propose an adaptation of the well-known Lin-Kernighan heuristic for the TSP to efficiently solve the problem. We compare our solution to the recently proposed depth-limited search with back tracking algorithm, the optimal solution, and rastering as a baseline. Results show that our algorithm is more computationally efficient and provides more energy-efficient solutions compared to the other heuristics.
THE COMMITMENTS OF DEMOCRACY

It underplays the significance of James Kloppenberg's monumentally ambitious and massively learned Toward Democracy to call it a big book—though at seven hundred pages of text, a hundred pages of notes and another five hundred pages of additional endnotes online it is surely that. It is, in voice and subject, several books in one. The first is a sweeping narrative account of the struggles for self-rule in England, the United States, and France from the seventeenth century through the middle third of the nineteenth century. The great revolutions stand at this history's center—the Puritan Revolution of the 1640s, the British North Americans’ revolt against monarchy and their construction of an enduring kingless polity in the 1770s and 1780s, and the revolutionary upheaval in France in the years after 1789—their origins, struggles, and dramas etched with a skilled narrative historian's hand.