cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Participation of the insula in language revisited: A meta-analytic connectivity study

Abstract Despite the insula's location in the epicenter of the human language area, its specific role in language is not sufficiently understood. The left insula has been related to a diversity of speech/language functions, including articulatory planning, language repetition ability, and phonological recognition. To further our understanding of the role of the insula in language, a meta-analytic connectivity study using the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) technique was developed. By means of the BrainMap functional database, 26 papers corresponding to 39 paradigms, and including 522 participants were selected. Thirteen different activation clusters were found; insula connections included not only areas involved in language production (such as the Broca's area) and language understanding (such as the Wernicke's area), but also areas involved in language repetition (such as the supramarginal gyrus) and other linguistic functions, such as BA9 in the left prefrontal lobe (involved in complex language processes) and BA37 (involved in lexico-semantic associations). In conclusion, the insula represents a core area in language processing, as it was suggested during the 19th century.
Pharmacokinetics of abecarnil in patients with renal insufficiency

Objective To characterize the pharmacokinetics of a single 5 mg oral dose of abecarnil in subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment. Methods Twenty-six subjects were enrolled in this open-label parallel-group study. Ten subjects had normal renal function (NRF; creatinine clearance [CLCR] ≥85 ml/min/1.73 m2), six subjects had mild to moderate renal insufficiency (MMRI; CLCR between 25 and 73 ml/min/1.73 m2), and 10 subjects had severe renal insufficiency (SRI; CLCR ≤ 10 ml/min/1.73 m2). Abecarnil plasma concentrations were determined by means of HPLC, and plasma protein binding was determined by use of ultracentrifugation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained with use of model-independent and model-dependent methods. Results In subjects with SRI, area under the concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration were reduced by 36% and 31%, respectively, compared with demographically matched subjects with NRF. The apparent total body clearance in the NRF, MMRI, and SRI groups was 13.0 ± 6.89, 12.9 ± 3.64, and 25.0 ± 13 ml/min/kg, and the apparent volume of distribution was 14.0 ± 3.78, 12.8 ± 2.4, and 19.4 ± 5.76 L/kg, respectively (mean ± SD). The patients with SRI had a significantly lower protein bound fraction than subjects with NRF (0.850 ± 0.077 versus 0.948 ± 0.023). Despite an increase in the free fraction of abecarnil (fu), there was no significant change in the apparent unbound total body clearance and unbound volume of distribution between the SRI and NRF groups. The anticipated full effect of the increase in fu among the patients with SRI was not realized and suggests that the fu in tissue may be increased in patients with SRI. Conclusion Dose adjustment will need to be made on the basis of titration to the desired clinical response and tolerability in patients with SRI just as in subjects with NRF. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 520–528; doi:
NATURAL HISTORY OF MAGUIRE PRIMROSE, PRIMULA CUSICKIANA VAR. MAGUIREI (PRIMULACEAE)

ABSTRACT. Natural history information for rare plants can help land managers better understand the threats to extinction that a taxon may face. Our focus is on the natural history of Maguire primrose (Primula cusickiana var. maguirei, Primulaceae), an endemic, threatened plant found along a narrow corridor within a single canyon in northern Utah. We examined floral morphology, air temperature, relative humidity during flowering, dichogamy, blooming period, and visits from flying insects. As with most Primula, Maguire primrose displays distinct floral distyly. Within the distylous flowers, 17% of our samples had a timing difference in the maturation of anthers and stigmas, a trait not previously recorded in any other Primula species. Temperatures during the early-spring blooming period fluctuated widely between recorded minima below 0 °C and maxima above 33 °C. We captured 8 different species of flying insects visiting Maguire primrose flowers in air temperatures ranging from 6 to 15 °C. Bloom timing was n...
Image charge approximations of reaction fields in solvents with arbitrary ionic strength

In this paper, we report a new development of image charge approximations of reaction fields for a charge inside a dielectric spherical cavity immersed in an ionic solvent with arbitrary ionic strength. This new development removes the requirement of low ionic strength of the solvent in a previous result [S. Deng, W. Cai, Extending the fast multipole method for charges inside a dielectric sphere in an ionic solvent: high-order image approximations for reaction fields, J. Comput. Phys. 227 (2007) 1246-1266], thus extending the applicability of the image charge approximations of reaction fields in the modeling of biomolecular solvation.
Mother expectation of bother and infant attachment behaviors as predictors of mother and child communication at 24 months in children of methadone-maintained women

This study used a transactional model of development (Sameroff, 1975) to test whether meth- adone exposure, mother's expectation of her future infant's degree of bother during pregnancy, infant attachment behaviors assessed at 12 months, and mother and child communication assessed at 24 months reciprocally influence each other in a sample of 30 full-term, African American toddlers exposed in utero to methadone and 42 comparison toddlers. Toddlers were videotaped at 24 months communicating with their mothers in eight scripted situations and at 12 months participating in a separation-reunion procedure to assess attachment behaviors. Mothers in both groups were comparable on race, education, age, SES, parity, IQ, and marital status. The relation between methadone exposure and the quality of mother com- munication was found to be moderated by mother's expectation of her future infant's degree of bother and mediated by avoidant attachment behavior. Infants' disorganized attachment behavior predicted their own lower quality communication at 24 months regardless of methadone exposure. The organization of affect regulation in both members of the dyad can differentially affect the ways in which methadone exposure impacts on the quality of mother communication by 24 months. Results suggest that preventive intervention is most likely to succeed when both mothers and children participate.
Pyruvate and lactate in human blood and saliva in response to different carbohydrates.

The possibility of using parotid saliva as a tool in measuring metabolic response to carbohydrates was investigated. Seven young women were given seven different carbohydrates (cornstarch, fructose, glucose, lactose, potato starch, sucrose, and wheat starch) and responses in pyruvate and lactate levels in blood and saliva were determined at 1 and 2 hours afterward. The responses in the blood were reflected in the saliva. There were significant increases in pyruvate levels in both blood and parotid saliva at 1 hour after fructose and sucrose. There were significant increases in lactate levels in both blood and parotid saliva at 1 hour after fructose, lactose, and sucrose. Significantly higher levels of lactate in blood and saliva persisted at 2 hours after lactose and sucrose. Significant correlations were detected between pyruvate in parotid saliva and pyruvate in blood at 1 hour after sucrose and between lactate in parotid saliva and lactate in blood at 1 hour after fructose and sucrose. There were no changes in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum after any of the carbohydrates. Lactate/ pyruvate ratios were significantly higher in blood and saliva at 1 hour after fruc tose and sucrose. Data suggest that the increased lactate/pyruvate ratio in saliva as well as in blood can be used as an index to assess the potential for lipogenesis from different carbohydrates in human subjects. J. Nutr. 102: 661-666, 1972.
TCAD for bipolar process development: a user's perspective

The author reviews the use of public domain TCAD tools (SUPREM and PISCES) for advanced bipolar process development. The simulators are utilized for device design and optimization, sensitivity analysis, and AC and DC parameter extraction. The various bipolar parameters that can be obtained from simulation are discussed. PISCES has been enhanced to model Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ heterojunction bipolar device structures. Some preliminary simulations of SiGe structures are presented. >
Assessing Landscape Change and Population‐Environment Interactions via Panel Analysis

Landscape change involving landuse/landcover (LULC) traditionally was considered the territory of remote sensing, a result of clustering of spectral responses and subsequent interpretation. However, a more integrative approach to landscape change has evolved into a spatially explicit and scale-dependent practice more appropriately couched in the context of Geographic Information Science (GISc). GISc promotes the importance of combining multiple data sources and techniques into a scientifically grounded information system with an integrative and derivative capacity for characterizing scale, pattern, and process variables across thematic and spatial/temporal domains. Combining GISc and landscape ecology provides a meaningful way to interrelate theory and practice in the analysis of scale, one of the most fundamental and inherently geographic factors in assessing landscape form, function, and change. This research models the relationship between 25-years of landscape change and variables derived in a Geographic Information System (GIS) representing population, environmental gradients, and accessibility. These relationships are statistically tested across spatial scales to assess human-environment interactions at work on the landscape. In addition, particular attention is given to the characterization of multitemporal LULCC (LULC change) over the landscape at the pixel level (900 m landscape cells) as well as the characterization of forces at work on the landscape via correlation analysis and tests of significance across spatial scales to discern population-environment interactions. Pattern metrics are used to examine the composition and spatial organization of the landscape across spatial scales by computing selected indicators of LULC structure from the panel change histories derived through an expert system approach, defining the emergent properties of LULC dynamics across space and time. Lastly, three measures of spatial autocorrelation are assessed relative to landscape trajectories. The basic intent of the research is to study humanenvironment relationships in Nang Rong district in northeast Thailand by examining the propensity of LULCC in support of agricultural extensification through deforestation as a consequence of 1) total population at the village level, 2) resource endowment reflected in soil moisture potential, and 3) access to critical infrastructure for agriculture. To this end, landscape classification trajectories are created to measure agricultural extensification, deforestation, and LULC stability.
Wegner's “illusion” anticipated: Jonathan Edwards on the will

Wegner's The Illusion of Conscious Will (2002) ignores an important aspect of the history of the concept: the determinism of Jonathan Edwards (1754) and the later response to this determinism by William James and others. We argue that Edwards's formulation, and James's resolution of the resulting dilemma, are superior to Wegner's.
Unsteady forces on an accelerating plate and application to hovering insect flight

The aerodynamic forces on a flat plate accelerating from rest at fixed incidence in two-dimensional power-law flow are studied analytically and numerically. An inviscid approximation is made in which separation at the two plate edges is modelled by growing spiral vortex sheets, whose evolution is determined by the Birkhoff–Rott equation. A solution based on a similarity expansion is developed, valid when the scale of the separated vortex is much smaller than the plate dimension. The leading order is given by the well-known similarity growth of a vortex sheet from a semi-infinite flat plate, while equations at the second order describe the asymmetric sweeping effect of that component of the free-stream parallel to the plate. Owing to subtle cancellation, the unsteady vortex force exerted on the plate during the starting motion is independent of the sweeping effect and is determined by the similarity solution, to the order calculated. This gives a mechanism for dynamic stall based on a combination of unsteady vortex lift and pure added mass; the incidence angle for maximum vortex lift is $\arccos \sqrt{3/8}\,{\approx}\,52.2^\circ$ independent of the acceleration profile. Circulation on the flat plate makes no direct contribution. Both lift and drag force predictions from the unsteady inviscid theory are compared with those obtained from numerical solutions of the two-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for an ellipse of high aspect ratio, and with predictions of Wagner's classical theory. There is good agreement with numerical results at high incidence and moderate Reynolds number. The force per unit span predicted by the vortex theory is evaluated for parameters typical of insect wings and is found to be in reasonable agreement with numerical simulations. Estimates for the shed circulation and the size of the start-up vortices are also obtained. The significance of this flow as a mechanism for insect hovering flight is discussed.
Reducing at-risk adolescents' display of risk behavior on a social networking web site: a randomized controlled pilot intervention trial.

Objective To determine whether an online intervention reduces references to sex and substance abuse on social networking Web sites among at-risk adolescents. Design Randomized controlled intervention trial. Setting www.MySpace.com. Participants Self-described 18- to 20-year-olds with public MySpace profiles who met our criteria for being at risk (N = 190). Intervention Single physician e-mail. Main Outcome Measures Web profiles were evaluated for references to sex and substance use and for security settings before and 3 months after the intervention. Results Of 190 subjects, 58.4% were male. At baseline, 54.2% of subjects referenced sex and 85.3% referenced substance use on their social networking site profiles. The proportion of profiles in which references decreased to 0 was 13.7% in the intervention group vs 5.3% in the control group for sex ( P = .05) and 26.0% vs 22% for substance use ( P = .61). The proportion of profiles set to “private” at follow-up was 10.5% in the intervention group and 7.4% in the control group ( P = .45). The proportion of profiles in which any of these 3 protective changes were made was 42.1% in the intervention group and 29.5% in the control group ( P = .07). Conclusions A brief e-mail intervention using social networking sites shows promise in reducing sexual references in the online profiles of at-risk adolescents. Further study should assess how adolescents view different risk behavior disclosures to promote safe use of the Internet.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Convectively Generated Potential Vorticity in Rainbands and Formation of the Secondary Eyewall in Hurricane Rita of 2005’”

Terwey et al. (2013, hereafter T13) have posted a few questions regarding the analysis of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) and the role of VRWs in secondary eyewall formation in Judt and Chen (2010, hereafter JC10). One of the main complaints in T13 is about a point made in JC10 that a numerical simulation of eyewall replacement and related intensity change shown in Terwey and Montgomery (2008, hereafter TM08) is unphysical and inconsistent with observations. We welcome the opportunity to respond to the questions raised by T13 and will further demonstrate the aforementioned inconsistency between the model simulation of TM08 and observations by Willoughby et al. (1982) and, more recently, Bell et al. (2012).
Membranes linked by trans-SNARE complexes require lipids prone to non-bilayer structure for progression to fusion

Like other intracellular fusion events, the homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles requires a Rab GTPase, a large Rab effector complex, SNARE proteins which can form a 4-helical bundle, and the SNARE disassembly chaperones Sec17p and Sec18p. In addition to these proteins, specific vacuole lipids are required for efficient fusion in vivo and with the purified organelle. Reconstitution of vacuole fusion with all purified components reveals that high SNARE levels can mask the requirement for a complex mixture of vacuole lipids. At lower, more physiological SNARE levels, neutral lipids with small headgroups that tend to form non-bilayer structures (phosphatidylethanolamine, diacylglycerol, and ergosterol) are essential. Membranes without these three lipids can dock and complete trans-SNARE pairing but cannot rearrange their lipids for fusion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01879.001
Impact of an Affective Intervention on the Friendships of Kindergarteners With Disabilities

This efficacy study investigated whether a class-wide disability awareness curriculum would result in increased close friendships for 26 kindergarteners with disabilities enrolled in six inclusive classrooms. Findings suggest that participation in a disability awareness curriculum alone does not lead to increased friendships. Evidence suggests that having a close friendship may partially mediate the relationship between children’s social competence and acceptance. These findings align with research that emphasizes the importance of individualizing class-wide programs based on children’s support needs and facilitating children’s friendship formation in kindergarten classrooms to promote peer acceptance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Capital Inflows, Resource Reallocation and the Real Exchange Rate

A large capital inflow to a developing economy can potentially cause a real exchange rate appreciation that is detrimental to the prospects of its tradable sector; a phenomenon known as the Dutch Disease. I analyse the effects of both the level and share of capital inflow on resource reallocation and real exchange rate movements in a small open economy. I find that there exists a trade-off between resource reallocation and the degree of real exchange rate appreciation. In particular, the less labour the tradable sector loses to the non-tradable sector, the greater is the real exchange rate appreciation. This result is driven by the share of investment accounted for by foreign capital, and suggests that an emerging market economy that adopts a production technique which utilizes a greater share of foreign capital relative to domestic capital will be more susceptible to the Dutch Disease following an increase in capital inflow. The results also imply that a policy designed to minimize real exchange rate appreciation during capital inflow episodes should encompass measures aimed at stabilizing prices of non-tradables.
Increased superoxide in heart failure: a biochemical baroreflex gone awry.

Increased peripheral vascular resistance is a hallmark of advanced chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and contributes to the phenomenon of “increased afterload” that complicates this condition. Multiple factors probably underlie this phenomenon, including increased water and sodium content of the vasculature, increased neurohormonal activation, and intrinsic abnormalities of the vasculature.1 During the past decade, it has also been shown that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is strikingly abnormal in both experimental animals and humans with compromised cardiac function.2 3 Given that endothelial regulation of vasomotion plays a major role in the control of systemic hemodynamics, this phenomenon is probably a major cause of increased systemic vascular resistance and afterload in heart failure. Because endothelial regulation of vascular tone is mediated predominantly by endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO), numerous studies have examined abnormalities of the l-arginine/NO pathway in heart failure. Two major abnormalities have surfaced as important. Several studies have suggested that CHF leads to a decline in expression of endothelial cell NO synthase (eNOS), which is ultimately responsible for endothelial production of NO. Wang et al4 produced heart failure in dogs by cardiac pacing at a rapid rate for 4 weeks. Microvascular endothelial cells released markedly less nitrite (the stable degradation product of NO) than cells from hearts of normal animals. Using the same heart failure model, Smith and colleagues5 observed a decrease in the expression of both eNOS and cyclooxygenase 1, the enzyme responsible for production of prostacyclin. CHF is also associated with increased circulating levels of the cytokine TNF-α.6 In vitro, TNF-α increases degradation of eNOS mRNA, most likely via …
Tiger beetles pursue prey using a proportional control law with a delay of one half-stride

Tiger beetles are fast diurnal predators capable of chasing prey under closed-loop visual guidance. We investigated this control system using statistical analyses of high-speed digital recordings of beetles chasing a moving prey dummy in a laboratory arena. Correlation analyses reveal that the beetle uses a proportional control law in which the angular position of the prey relative to the beetle's body axis drives the beetle's angular velocity with a delay of about 28 ms. The proportionality coefficient or system gain, 12 s(-1), is just below critical damping. Pursuit simulations using the derived control law predict angular orientation during pursuits with a residual error of about 7°. This is of the same order of magnitude as the oscillation imposed by the beetle's alternating tripod gait, which was not factored into the control law. The system delay of 28 ms equals a half-stride period, i.e. the time between the touch down of alternating tripods. Based on these results, we propose a physical interpretation of the observed control law: to turn towards its prey, the beetle on average exerts a sideways force proportional to the angular position of the prey measured a half-stride earlier.
Lymphoma immunophenotype of dogs determined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements.

Background Immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry (FC), and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR) are 3 widely utilized tests to determine immunophenotype in dogs with lymphoma (LSA). Objectives This study evaluated the ability of FC and PARR to correctly predict immunophenotype as defined by IHC and to determine the level of agreement among the 3 tests. Animals Sixty-two dogs with lymphoma. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records were searched to identify dogs with LSA that had concurrent IHC, FC, and PARR performed. Immunophenotype results were categorized as B-cell, T-cell, dual immunophenotype (B- and T-cell), or indeterminate. The results of FC and PARR were evaluated for correctly classifying B- and T-cell LSA as compared with IHC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated in addition to concordance between each test. Results The sensitivity of FC was significantly higher than PARR for both B-cell (91% versus 67%; P < 0.0072) and T-cell (100% versus 75%; P < 0.0312) LSA. The percent agreement between FC and IHC was 94%, between PARR and IHC was 69%, between FC and PARR was 63%, and among all 3 tests was 63%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Flow cytometry is superior to PARR in correctly predicting immunophenotype when evaluating lymph nodes from dogs already diagnosed with B- or T-cell LSA. If fresh samples are not available for FC, PARR is an acceptable assay for determination of immunophenotype given its high specificity.
The present and the future in the diagnosis and management of celiac disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In celiac disease, adaptive and innate immune activation results in intestinal damage and a wide range of clinical manifestations. In the past, celiac disease was thought to result in signs and symptoms solely related to the gastrointestinal tract. Now, more than half of the adult population presents with extra-intestinal manifestations that can also be expected to improve on a glutenfree diet. For this reason, it is recommended that physicians have a low threshold of suspicion for celiac disease. Current knowledge of the immune pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease has served as a catalyst for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutics. Over the years, highly sensitive and specific serological assays, in addition to genetic markers, have been found to target specific steps in the cascade pathway of celiac disease. Also the advent of the gluten challenge has enabled experts to design diagnostic algorithms and monitor clinical responses in clinical trials. The gluten challenge has provided substantial benefit in the advance of novel therapeutics as an adjuvant treatment to the gluten free diet. Generally, a strict gluten-free diet is highly burdensome to patients and can be limited in its efficacy. Alternative therapies—including gluten modification, modulation of intestinal permeability and immune response—could be central to the future treatment of celiac disease.
Mode-Matching of Wineglass Mode Disk Resonator Gyroscope in (100) Single Crystal Silicon

In this paper, we present four design methods to overcome (100) silicon crystalline anisotropy and achieve mode-matching in wineglass-mode disk resonator gyroscope (DRG). These methods were validated through experimental characterization of more than 145 different devices that arose from simulations. With the proposed methods, the frequency split of the 250-kHz DRG wineglass modes in (100) silicon was reduced from >10 kHz to as low as 96 Hz (<0.04% of 250-kHz resonant frequency) without any electrostatic tuning. Perfect mode-matching is then achieved using electrostatic tuning. Mode-matching was maintained within ±10 Hz over a temperature range from −20 °C to 80 °C. The temperature dependence of quality factor is also discussed in this paper. These results allow for the development of high-performance miniature DRGs tuned for degenerate wineglass mode operation from high-quality crystalline silicon material. [2013-0303]
Control of a linear sampled-data system using round robin output feedback

A linear control problem is defined; the main feature of the problem is a constraint that the control be piecewise constant, as in a sampled-data system, and that updating of the control values depends on prior sampled values of the output variables obtained via a round-robin measurement scheme. Such constraints may arise as a consequence of the use of a microcomputer as part of the control and signal processing logic. The control problem is shown to be equivalent to a classical sampled-data control problem if a certain observability criterion is satisfied. In particular, the state is shown to be reconstructible from the output measurements, so that any classical state-feedback control can also be expressed in terms of the output measurements.
A Simulation Based Approach to Solve A Specific Type of Chance Constrained Optimization

We solve the chance constrained optimization with convex feasible set through approximating the chance constraint by another convex smooth function. The approximation is based on the numerical properties of the Bernstein polynomial that is capable of effectively controlling the approximation error for both function value and gradient. Thus we adopt a first-order algorithm to reach a satisfactory solution which is expected to be optimal. When the explicit expression of joint distribution is not available, we then use Monte Carlo approach to numerically evaluate the chance constraint to obtain an optimal solution by probability. Numerical results for known problem instances are presented.
Time-Aware Truth Discovery in Social Sensing

This paper presents a new principled framework for exploiting time-sensitive information to improve the truth discovery accuracy in social sensing applications. This work is motivated by the emergence of social sensing as a new paradigm of collecting observations about the physical environment from humans or devices on their behalf. These observations maybe true or false, and hence are viewed as binary claims. A fundamental problem in social sensing applications lies in ascertaining the correctness of claims and the reliability of data sources. We refer to this problem as truth discovery. In this paper, we develop a new time-sensitive truth discovery scheme that explicitly incorporates the source responsiveness and the claim lifespan into a rigorous analytical framework. The preliminary results showed that our new scheme outperforms all compared baselines and significantly improves the truth discovery accuracy in social sensing applications.
The maximum accumulation of effectors in solid tumors by pretargeting is independent of the antibody

1680 Objectives: MORF pretargeting requires both a MORF conjugated antitumor antibody and a radiolabeled cMORF effector. This complexity necessitates investigations into the influence of each factor. We earlier reported on a semiempirical approach to predicting the biodistribution of Tc99m-cMORF in LS174T tumored mice pretargeted by MORF-conjugated MN14 antibody with variations in both dosages and injection interval. One of the important remaining factors is the antibody. We have now extended this approach to predict the effector behavior in mice pretargeted with the MORF-conjugated antitumor antibodies MN14, B72.3 and CC49. Methods: The biodistribution at 2 days of each antibody radiolabeled with In111 was determined in LS174T tumored mice. Based on these results, the dosage of Tc99m-cMORF was selected to be just below that necessary to saturate the MORF in tumor, using the previously established cMORF delivery efficiency and MORF accessibility in tumor. The animals received the Tc99m-cMORF at this dosage and were sacrificed at 3 h (N = 4). Under these conditions, the levels of Tc99m-cMORF in tumor and normal tissues were predicted as before and the results compared to experimental observations. Results: The tumor accumulation of each labeled antibody varied in proportion to the blood level such that the tumor to blood ratios were essentially identical. Antibody accumulations in normal organs were generally also identical in all organs other than kidneys. The tumor accumulations of Tc99m-cMORF in pretargeted mice was in good agreement with prediction for MN14 and CC49 (experimental 6.28 and 6.16 vs predicted 6.24 %ID/g) but differed for B72.3 (8.89 vs 6.24 %ID/g) because of smaller tumors in this case (0.43 g) than that used in the prediction calculations (0.52 g). Conclusions: By comparing the pretargeting results in mice bearing different antibodies, the maximum tumor accumulation of the radiolabeled cMORF was independent of the antibody as predicted. Thus, while the tumor to normal tissue ratios may be improved using different antibodies, the development of novel antibodies to improve tumor accumulation of effectors by pretargeting will be unproductive.
PULMONARY EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE

Pulmonary manifestations of systemic disorders are common. Almost all systemic diseases can involve the lung. In many illnesses, lung complications remain relatively benign, producing few or no symptoms; such is the case with pleural effusions related to renal or hepatic failure. In others diseases, lung involvement becomes a nuisance but is manageable; this occurs in gastroesophageal reflux disease and arteriovenous malformations in Osler–Rendau–Weber disease. On the other hand, in certain diseases lung involvement progresses relentlessly, causing death or serious injury that influences the course of the primary illness; such is the case in severe pneumonia in a diabetic patient or portopulmonary hypertension in chronic liver failure.
Self-induced topological transitions and edge states supported by nonlinear staggered potentials

The canonical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) array is one of the basic geometries that have spurred significant interest in topological band-gap modes. Here, we show that the judicious inclusion of third-order Kerr nonlinearities in SSH arrays opens rich physics in topological insulators, including the possibility of supporting self-induced topological transitions, as a function of the applied intensity. We highlight the emergence of a class of topological solutions in nonlinear SSH arrays localized at the array edges and with unusual properties. As opposed to their linear counterparts, these nonlinear states decay to a plateau of nonzero amplitude inside the array, highlighting the local nature of topologically nontrivial band gaps in nonlinear systems. We study the conditions under which these states can be excited and their temporal dynamics as a function of the applied excitation, paving the way to interesting directions in the physics of topological edge states with robust propagation properties based on nonlinear interactions in suitably designed periodic arrays.
Autonomy and History: How a Desire Becomes One’s Own

A common view among autonomy theorists is that a desire is autonomous only if it has the right sort of history. Usually, an autonomy-compatible history is taken to consist in the desire’s having had proper origins. In a recent article in this journal, Mikhail Valdman has proposed an alternative historical theory on which a desire’s origins are irrelevant. On Valdman’s “agent-engagement” theory, a desire is autonomous if and only if the agent has made it her own by deliberatively deciding it is worth maintaining and acting on. I argue that both of these approaches are overly demanding: the history of many autonomous desires lack proper origins, agent-engagement, or both. Taking as my starting point Alfred Mele’s account, which I go on to revise and supplement in several important ways, I outline a more flexible historical theory of autonomy which recognizes multiple ways in which a desire can become one’s own.
Neural tube (canal) morphogenesis in notochordless amphibian (Xenopus laevis) embryos

Neural tube (canal) morphogenesis was examined in embryos which exhibited notochord defects. Embryos which displayed a range of notochord defects were produced by either ultraviolet irradiation or cold shock treatments. Both treatments produced similar results. The neural canal appeared normal in morphology and internal ciliation in many of the embryos which contained severe notochord defects.
Recurrent Primary CNS Lymphoma Presenting with Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation (P6.283)

BACKGROUND: Tumor-induced central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is exceedingly rare, about half resulting from primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) despite comprising only <1[percnt] of all brain tumors. RESULTS: We present a 75 year-old, immunocompetent woman with recurrent PCNSL leading to CNH. She was initially diagnosed with PCNSL via left caudate biopsy of the single enhancing focus among diffuse, nonehancing bihemispheric and brainstem infiltrative disease without diffusion restriction or CSF or intraocular dissemination. She received 5 cycles of biweekly rituximab and methotrexate, initially dosed at 3.5 gm/m2 with procarbazine and vincristine, then dosed at 8 gm/m2 with monthly temozolomide 150 mg/m2. Repeat brain MRI revealed no residual enhancement; residual confluent subcortical nonenhancing signal without brainstem involvement suggested methotrexate-related leukodystrophy. Two weeks after cytarabine consolidation, she presented with intractable emesis without gastrointestinal cause. A week later, she developed marked tachypnea without cardiopulmonary etiology. Blood glasses revealed respiratory alkalosis (maximal pH=7.67, respiration=27, pO2=241; minimum pCO2=10). She remained otherwise neurologically intact. For suspicion of CNH, she was intubated and brain MRI revealed interval development of nonenhancing disease without restricted diffusion extending periventricularly from dorsal midbrain to the vermis. CSF profile revealed normal protein (40 mg/dL), RBC 97/uL, WBC 3/uL (88[percnt] lymphocytes) with negative bacterial cultures, toxoplasma IgG and HSV, JC, CMV, EBV and JC PCRs. Flow cytometry and cytology revealed no lymphoma. Brain and body PET, however, revealed avid FDG-uptake corresponding to the new hyperintensity in the periaqueductal region and confirming lymphoma recurrence; no extracranial disease was evident. She improved slightly on dexamethasone 40 mg/day. We will detail her response to palliative involved field radiation followed by PD1 inhibitor immunotherapy for her chemotherapy refractory PCNSL. CONCLUSION: This represents the first case of PCNSL recurrence leading to CNH, which was a presenting symptom in all prior PCNSL cases reported and lead to death in the majority. Disclosure: Dr. Odia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kreisl has nothing to disclose.
The birth of the flexible mine: Changing geographies of mining and the e-waste commodity frontier:

Mining companies, in recent decades, have been changing how they source and refine ores by seeking metal-bearing wastes to be smelted alongside “traditional” mining concentrates. I propose the term “flexible mine” to describe this expansion of ore supply chains, and I demonstrate how it operates through multiple registers of flexibility: spatial, temporal, and interpretational. The flexible mine is both a “widening” and a “deepening” commodity frontier for the mining industry promising a disarticulation from geophysical processes and, by extension, mining country geopolitics. The organizational and technical changes associated with mining above-ground ores seem to suggest a new phenomenon, wholly different than traditional mining and refining. Instead, however, the mining of waste streams blurs the boundaries between extraction, production, manufacturing, consumption, and disposal. Further, the flexible mine challenges the distinction between urban and non, arguing against relying on too-familiar binaries...
Intersectional Perspectives on Gender and Gender Identity Development.

The authors analyze intersectional perspectives on gender and gender identity development among college students.
Photoionization of ground and excited levels of P II

Abstract Photoionization cross section (σPI) of P II, (hν + P II → P III + e), from ground and a large number of excited levels are presented. The study includes the resonant structures and the characteristics of the background in photoionization cross sections. The present calculations were carried out in the Breit–Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) method that includes relativistic effects. The autoionizing resonances are delineated with a fine energy mesh to observe the fine structure effects. A singular resonance, formed by the coupling of channels in fine structure but not allowed in LS coupling, is seen at the ionization threshold of photoionization for the ground and many excited levels. The background cross section is seen enhanced compared to smooth decay for the excited levels. Examples are presented to illustrate the enhanced background cross sections at the energies of the core levels, 4P3/2 and 2D3/2, that are allowed for electric dipole transitions by the core ground level 2 P 1 / 2 o . In addition strong Seaton or photo-excitation-of-core (PEC) resonances are found in the photoionization of single valence electron excited levels. Calculations used a close coupling wave function expansion that included 18 fine structure levels of core P III from configurations 3s23p, 3s3p2, 3s23d, 3s24s, 3s24p and 3p3. Photoionization cross sections are presented for all 475 fine structure levels of P II found with n ≤ 10 and l ≤ 9. The present results will provide high precision parameters of various applications involving this less studied ion.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Receipt of Pressure Equalization Tubes Among US Children, 2014.

Abstract Objective Pressure equalization tube (PET) placement (also referred to as tympanostomy tube placement) is among the most common ambulatory surgical procedures performed on US children. More than 20 years ago, differences according to race/ethnicity in the national prevalence of having had PETs placed were documented. Whether these differences persist is unknown. Methods We used data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey to examine the percentage of children 0 to 17 years of age who have ever undergone PET placement. Unadjusted logistic regression with predictive margins was used to assess the relationship between having received PETs and race/ethnicity, as well as other clinical, socioeconomic, and geographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether other factors could account for any observed differences according to race/ethnicity. Results Overall, 8.9% of children 0 to 17 years of age had undergone PET surgery. By race/ethnicity, 12.6% of non-Hispanic white children received PETs, which was significantly greater than the 4.8% of non-Hispanic black, 4.4% of Hispanic, and 5.6% of non-Hispanic other/multiple race children who had this surgery ( P P Conclusions Nearly 9% of US children have had PETs placed. Non-Hispanic white children still have a greater prevalence of PET placement compared with non-Hispanic black and Hispanic children. These differences could not be fully explained by other demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, or geographic differences between racial/ethnic groups.
A Model for Conducting a Functional Analysis of Academic Performance Problems

The purpose of this article is to describe a simple conceptual framework for academic intervention that extends functional analysis procedures to basic academic skills. We organized the empirical r...
Debates Around Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality

Poverty and inequality lie at the heart of the controversy around globalization. Specifically, global economic integration is often perceived as widening the divide between poorer and richer countries, families, and individuals. Sen (2002) suggests that the main intent of the “anti-globalization” movement, which is itself a highly global form of organizing, is not globalization per se, but the perceived growing economic disparities that seem to stem from globalizing processes. While there is immense debate over poverty measurement and the actual number of individuals and families that live below certain standards, there is no disputing that poverty and inequality continue to impact the lives of millions around the globe. Moreover, in today’s world, visual images of poverty and wealth spread more easily and faster than ever before. This influences assessments of the material and ideological circumstances of external observers, as well as by the individuals of concern themselves.
Review: Pharmacogenetics of alcoholism treatment: Implications of ethnic diversity

Background and Objectives Pharmacogenetic studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have suggested that the efficacy of treatments for AUD is, in part, influenced by the genetic background of an individual. Since the frequency of alleles associated with pharmacotherapy for AUD varies by ancestral background, the effectiveness of medications used to treat AUD may vary among different populations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing pharmacogenetic studies of treatments for AUD in individuals of European, East Asian, African, and American Indian/Alaska Native ancestry. Methods Electronic databases were searched for pharmacogenetic studies of AUD treatment that included individuals of diverse ancestral backgrounds. Results Pharmacogenetic studies of AUD reviewed here have primarily investigated genetic variation thought to play a role in the response to naltrexone, ondansetron, and topiramate. There is support that the A118G polymorphism should be further investigated in individuals of East Asian ancestry. Discussion and Conclusions Given the lack of pharmacogenetic research on response to AUD medication in ethnic minority populations and the mixed results, there is a critical need for future studies among individuals of different ancestries. More efforts should be devoted to standardizing procedures such that results can be more readily integrated into a body of literature that can directly inform clinical practice. Scientific Significance This review highlights the importance for future research to aim for inclusiveness in pharmacogenetic studies of AUD and increase diversity of clinical trials in order to provide the best treatment outcomes for individuals across different racial and ethnic groups. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1–10)
Achieving high capacity with small cells in LTE-A

Due to the explosive growth of mobile data traffic, operators are increasingly facing the pressure of providing high data capacity to consumers while maintaining an efficient and low-cost network. In 3GPP LTE-A evolution, it has become clear that cell deployment is migrating towards a hybrid of macro-cell and small cells, where the macro-cell provides coverage and the small cells provide high capacity for hotspot and indoor users. This paper discusses the issues and solutions related to enhancing performance for such hybrid deployment in LTE-A, including interference management, mobility, carrier aggregation, and energy efficiency.
Relationship quality and couples’ unhealthy behaviors predict body mass index in women

Research on the connection between relationship quality and body weight yields mixed results, suggesting the presence of a moderating variable. We tested whether the connection between four measures of relationship quality (conflict, ambivalence, maintenance, and love) and body mass index (BMI) was moderated by gender and couples’ unhealthy behaviors. The results showed that among women, those reporting good relationship quality had lower BMI than those with poor relationship quality, but only if they also showed little evidence of couples’ unhealthy behaviors. In other words, only the combination of high relationship quality and low prevalence of couples’ unhealthy behaviors was linked to lower BMI among women. In contrast, low relationship quality, regardless of couples’ unhealthy behaviors, and the combination of high relationship quality and high prevalence of couples’ unhealthy behaviors were all linked to higher BMI among women. These associations were not observed among men. The results suggest the...
Stochastics and EUV Patterning in the 1x-nm Regime

Author(s): Naulleau, P; Anderson, C; Chao, W; Bhattarai, S; Neureuther, A | Abstract: The problem of stochastics in photoresist patterning is gaining increased attention. Understanding this problem requires new modeling methods. Here we describe the use of the Multivariate Poisson Propagation Model (MPPM) to study the relative importance of a variety of stochastic terms in both chemically amplified and non-chemically amplified resists. The results show that for the chemically amplified case, materials stochastic effects are on par with photon stochastics effects. The model is used to study both line-width roughness (LWR) impacts as well as contact size variations (CDU). As one might expect, contact CDU follows the same trends as LWR, but places even more sever constraints on the stochastic terms when considering the same feature size. Noting the contact patterning challenge, we also describe a phase-shift mask patterning method enabling the photon effect to be greatly reduced. At equivalent CDU, we demonstrate an effective 7x reduction in required source dose when patterning 25-nm half pitch contacts.