cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Density functional theory for d‐ and f‐electron materials and compounds

Here, the fundamental requirements for a computationally tractable Density Functional Theory-based method for relativistic f- and (nonrelativistic) d-electron materials and compounds are presented. The need for basing the Kohn–Sham equations on the Dirac equation is discussed. The full Dirac scheme needs exchange-correlation functionals in terms of four-currents, but ordinary functionals, using charge density and spin-magnetization, can be used in an approximate Dirac treatment. The construction of a functional that includes the additional confinement physics needed for these materials is illustrated using the subsystem-functional scheme. If future studies show that a full Dirac, four-current based, exchange-correlation functional is needed, the subsystem functional scheme is one of the few schemes that can still be used for constructing functional approximations.
Death, and Life

Most of us, were we faced with a life threatening situation, would try to avoid it; we do not want to die. Yet Lucretius has argued that death can be ‘nothing to us,’ for when death has occurred we don't exist: we can't suffer something if we don't exist. If death can be a misfortune, what is the misfortune suffered, and who suffers it? The misfortune must be suffered by the person who dies, before death has occurred, otherwise – as Lucretius points out – there is no subject to suffer the misfortune. But what kind of misfortune can the misfortune of death be, that a person can suffer it before he or she dies? This question provides the focus of the paper. Our attitudes towards death and life are determined in part by beliefs we have about a variety of things, for example, whether or not there is a life after death. As I shall assume that life ceases at death the attitudes towards death for which I seek explanations will not be universally endorsed; nor are the attitudes towards life, in terms of which the explanations will be given, universally endorsed. My project is not to defend a set of attitudes but to show that the set of attitudes towards life that I consider provide an explanation of a set of attitudes that some people have towards death.
Failure of certain growth factors to inhibit sulfonamide bacteriostasis in simple media.

Summary and ConclusionsNicotinic acid, thiamin chloride, cocarboxylase, riboflavin, pyridoxine and para-amino benzoic acid have been shown to have no effect on the photometrically determined growth rate of S. aureus and E. coli in simple media. Calcium pantothenate definitely accelerated the rate of multiplication of S. aureus but not of E. coli when present in a concentration of 200 μg per milliliter. None of these substances except para-amino benzoic acid antagonized sulfathiazole bacteriostasis although present in amounts 40 times as great as the sulfonamide. Concentrations of sulfonamide 2,500 times that of the accompanying para-amino benzoic acid were completely ineffective in inhibiting bacterial growth.These observations, therefore, support the view that the sulfonamides directly affect that part of the microbial metabolic system which specifically utilizes para-amino benzoic acid, since relatively large amounts of 6 other important growth factors completely failed to inhibit their bacteriostatic a...
Nonuniform distribution of occult blood in feces.

Inhibition of anti-Rh29 by erythrocytic stroma in feces was devised as a specific test for fecal occult blood. The sensitivity of this test was equivalent to that of a standard Hemoccult® test, namely, 108 erythrocytes/g feces. Comparison of results of this test with results of Hemoccult tests of random stool specimens and of stools following ingestion of autologous blood revealed nonuniform distribution of occult blood in feces. The extent of nonuniformity was determined by testing samples of stool specimens following ingestion of 51Cr-labeled autologous blood. This allowed comparison of Hemoccult, inhibition of anti-Rh, and radioactivity, and showed that the three labels could separate in the feces and that some single small samples of feces could be relatively free of blood while blood was readily demonstrable in other portions. The variability of a standard Hemoccult test was somewhat reduced by dispersing the feces in distilled water before performing the test.
Poststenotic signal loss in MR angiography: effects of echo time, flow compensation, and fractional echo.

PURPOSE To evaluate with steady and pulsatile flow the influence of echo time, gradient strength and duration, and flow compensation on the degree of turbulent signal loss, factors that have been implicated in MR angiography9s overestimation of the degree of stenosis. METHODS We examined poststenotic turbulent flow in two models, one that created a turbulent jet and another that simulated a plaque-like stenosis. The pulse sequence used in these experiments allowed for a single variable (flow compensation, echo time, or gradient strength) to be varied without changing the others. RESULTS Poststenotic signal loss can lead to overestimation of the degree of a stenosis. The area of signal loss in the turbulent jet was influenced by fractional echo and flow compensation, but not by echo time. We found that the dominant mechanism in poststenotic signal loss is related to the strength and duration of the imaging gradients. CONCLUSIONS Flow-compensated sequences with reduced gradient strength and duration will reduce poststenotic signal loss and may lead to more accurate estimations of the extent of stenotic lesions.
Approach to tectonic genesis and future natural gas exploration direction in the northeast of Sichuan Basin

Because the geomechanical environment in the northeastern area of Sichuan basin is complicated and unstable,the combination of structural features is special,especially the planar structural feature.Structural feature is the outcome of the comprehensive action of paleo-terrestrial stress fields.Combining present structural features with tectonic evolutionary history,this paper analyzes the geometrical characteristics of structural features,approaches the reason of planimetric change of the structural features,and verifies the structural genesis on the basis of geologic analysis.At the same time,the paper points out the main explorative directions of natural gas in this area.
Study on Performance of Hydraulic Paint for Electric Power Poles and Towers

Polyurethane is taken as film forming matter,and tetrafluoroethlene(PTFE) and polyether ether ketone(PEEK) are respectively added into paint to produce composite materials that are able to discharge.Impacts of PTFE and PEEK with different mass fractions on drainage performance of the coat are studied.The result indicates that when the mass fraction of the two substances is large,water contact angle is proportional to the hydrophobicity.However,under the same circumstance,PEEK coat is superior to PTFE coat in hydrophobicity.In the mean time,impact of UV aging test on performance of PEEK coat is studied.The result shows that hydrophobicity of the coat changes indistinctively after 700 hours of aging test,gloss retention rate remains above 94%.It is practically proved that the coat is superior in hydrophobicity and durability.
T lymphocyte induction of metastatic tumors in the nude mouse model.

Abstract This study shows that metastatic human carcinomas can be induced in the nude mouse by the addition of xenogeneic T lymphocytes. Based on this model, theories as to why this phenomenon occurs and preferential deposition of metastatic tumor are proposed.
Environmental Risks of Biotechnologies

Publisher Summary Risk is an expression of technological success or failure. Too much risk means that the new technology has failed society. Societal expectations of acceptable risk are mandated by the standards and specifications of certifying authorities, such as health codes and regulations, zoning and building codes and regulations, principles of professional engineering and medical practice, design guidebooks, and standards promulgated by international agencies and national standard-setting bodies. This chapter provides an overview of environmental risks of biotechnologies. The risks stemming from operations and products of biotechnologies are not limited to human health. They also involve ecological resources and social welfare. Understanding of the factors that lead to a risk is known as risk analysis. There are at least two types of risk analysis venues that relate to biotechnologies: those that follow the traditional chemical risk assessment paradigm and those that do not. Those risks that differ from chemical risks may follow certain steps in the risk process, but may need special attention in others. The reduction of this risk is risk management, which includes policies, laws, and other societal aspects of risk. It is often differentiated from risk assessment, which is comprised of the scientific considerations of a risk.
Straight Girls and Queer Guys: The Hetero Media Gaze in Film and Television, by Christopher Pullen

Christopher Pullen’s monograph Straight Girls and Queer Guys approaches the titular relationship from a welcome variety of angles. He demonstrates how, as a storytelling trope, the bonds between qu...
Absorption of benzene vapour in shell resin and sea coal

Gases are released by binders when a mould or core is heated by molten metal. Previous work has studied the gases produced when mould binders are heated. To obtain a better understanding of the qua...
Introducing medical students to survivorship care through an elective oncology summer program.

12 Background: Advancing the quality of cancer care requires that physicians be trained in survivorship care. An oncology seminar series was designed and implemented for first year medical students to improve their knowledge of oncologic disciplines, including survivorship care, by educating them about these disciplines from both a research and clinical perspective. Methods: First year medical students (MS1s) at a single United States medical school were invited to participate in the Scholars in Oncology-Associated Research (SOAR) summer program, which included a series of 10 lectures to provide a general survey of how clinical care, basic sciences, and social sciences apply to oncology as a multidisciplinary specialty. Lectures included topics specific to cancer genetics, medical, surgical, and radiation oncology, hospice/palliative medicine, and survivorship care. The students also attended a multidisciplinary tumor board and had the opportunity to shadow a pharmacist, radiation therapist, or palliative...
Measuring Social SecurityAS Financial Problems

The U.S. Social Security system has helped keep many retirees out of poverty. However, according to the Social Security and Medicare Trustees, Social Security faces a future financial shortfall of $10.4 trillion in present value. This enormous imbalance has received little attention in public debates about Social Security. Instead, the media and policymakers continue to focus on the program's trust fund and several other ad-hoc measures that create a misleading impression of the size of Social Security's financial problem. Although the Social Security Trust Fund is not projected to be exhausted until 2042, Social Security's $10.4 trillion present value imbalance is accruing interest and will grow by $600 billion during 2004 alone. The current cash-flow federal budget, however, is biased against reforms that would improve Social Security's finances. As shown herein, a new federal accounting system would remove this bias.
Monovalent and divalent ion sorption in a cation exchange membrane based on cross-linked poly (p-styrene sulfonate-co-divinylbenzene)

Many fundamentals of ion sorption in ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are not fully understood, and few modern studies focus on multivalent ion sorption, despite the importance of divalent ion transport properties in water purification applications. Here, MgCl2 and CaCl2 sorption in a commercial cross-linked, styrene-divinylbenzene cation exchange membrane (CEM) with fixed sulfonate groups was measured and compared with NaCl, LiCl and KCl sorption in the same material. The data were correlated with counter-ion size and valence, as well as membrane water content. Divalent salts had higher sorption coefficients than monovalent salts, even though membrane water content significantly decreased in the presence of divalent counter-ions. The Donnan potential is weaker in the presence of multivalent counter-ions, which increases co-ion sorption, contributing to the observed increase in salt sorption coefficients for divalent salts. Ion activity coefficients in the membrane were calculated and compared to predictions of the recently proposed Manning-Donnan model. This model showed much better agreement with the experimental data than the ideal Donnan model, suggesting that ion non-ideality in the membrane is important when analyzing ion sorption and transport in IEMs.
Findings from the Families on Track Intervention Pilot Trial for Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Their Families

Background Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are at high risk for costly, debilitating mental health problems and secondary conditions, such as school disruption, trouble with the law, and substance use. The study objective was to pilot a multi-component intervention designed to prevent secondary conditions in children with FASD and improve family adaptation. Methods Thirty children with FASD or prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) (ages 4 to 8) and their primary caregivers were enrolled. Families were randomized to either the Families on Track Integrated Preventive Intervention or an active control of neuropsychological assessment and personalized community referrals. The 30-week intervention integrates scientifically validated bi-monthly, in-home parent behavioral consultation and weekly child skills groups. Outcomes measured at baseline and follow-up post-intervention included intervention satisfaction, child emotional and behavioral functioning, child self-esteem, caregiver knowledge of FASD and advocacy, caregiver attitudes, use of targeted parenting practices, perceived family needs met, social support, and self-care. Data analysis emphasized calculation of effect sizes and was supplemented with analysis of variance techniques. Results Analyses indicated that families participating in the intervention reported high program satisfaction. Relative to comparison group outcomes, the intervention was associated with medium to large effects for child emotion regulation, self-esteem, and anxiety. Medium-sized improvements in disruptive behavior were observed for both groups. Medium and large effects were seen for important caregiver outcomes: knowledge of FASD and advocacy, attributions of behavior, use of antecedent strategies, parenting efficacy, family needs met, social support, and self-care. Conclusions This pilot study yielded promising findings from the multicomponent Families on Track Integrated Preventive Intervention for child and caregiver outcomes. An important next step is to complete a randomized control trial of the Families on Track program with a larger sample fully representative of this underserved clinical population with built-in study of implementation parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gauging concerns about climate change in Great Lakes coastal communities

Abstract Concerns about climate change among the U.S. population increasingly mirror those of the scientific community. Yet, beliefs and levels of concern vary across different regions of the country. Because geographic locations are being affected by climate change in distinct ways, citizens in more vulnerable locations will likely express greater concern about climate change than individuals whose localities are less likely to have been noticeably affected to date. Using data from a survey of residents in the Grand Traverse Bay region of Michigan and the “Six Americas of Global Warming” audience segmentation tool developed by Maibach el al. (2011), we found that residents in the Grand Traverse Bay Watershed, a coastal region predicted to be especially vulnerable to climate change, express a greater degree of concern about climate change than do residents of the U.S. more generally. Also, using ordinal regression, we found participation in outdoor recreation, as well as demographic variables including gender, education, income and age are predictors of concern about climate change as measured by placement in a Six Americas segment.
Man vs. Machine: A Junior‐Level Laboratory Exercise Comparing Human and Instrumental Detection Limits

The human nose is a very sensitive detector and is able to detect potent aroma compounds down to low ng/L levels. These levels are often below detection limits of analytical instrumentation. The following laboratory exercise is designed to compare instrumental and human methods for the detection of volatile odor active compounds. Reference standards of 3-mercapto-1-hexanol (3MH), a secondary thiol that is important to food quality, are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and these raw data are provided to students. Students also perform a series of 3-alternative forced choice (3-AFC) sensory tests to determine the human detection limits in a series of samples. For both data sets, 2 methods of data analysis (standard deviation of the response and the slope and signal-to-noise ratio for GC-FID data; forced-choice ascending concentration series method of limits and linear regression for 3-AFC data) will be used to estimate instrumental detection limits and human thresholds. GC-FID and 3-AFC results are then compared by the students to demonstrate the importance of instrumental and human methods for food analysis, and to provide an experiential learning opportunity to critically think through multiple methods of analysis and compare the outcomes of those methods. In completing the laboratory exercise and discussion questions, students will gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of human and instrumental measurements in food analysis, and compare the outcome of common data analysis methods for instrumental and sensory data.
A cost analysis approach to valuing cover crop environmental and nitrogen cycling benefits: A central Illinois on farm case study

Abstract The use of cover crops (CC) in row crop agricultural systems has been shown to provide numerous environmental benefits along with increasing overall soil health. The environmental benefits of CC are well known and demonstrated in the literature. However, before voluntary widespread CC adoption can occur, methods for potential CC cost recovery must be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify the environmental and nitrogen (N) cycling benefits observed from CC and to determine the potential of those benefits to offset the costs of CC implementation. This experiment used data collected between CC planting in 2014 and cash crop harvest in 2016 from an associated study conducted at the Illinois State University Nitrogen Management Research Field Station, in Lexington, IL. In this case study, CC were integrated into two cropping systems common to Central IL, split application of N with the dominant portion of N applied in the spring (20%fall, 80% spring) with and without CC, and a split N application with the dominant portion of N applied in the fall (70% fall, 30%spring) with and without CC. The chosen CC for the study was a 92% cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) and 8% daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.) blend, and data were collected for both strip-till corn (Zea mays L.) and no-till soybeans (Glycine max L.). Different from existing attempts to model the economic value of CC, this model includes input variables that quantify the reduction of N loss through tile drainage, the return of N from CC residue following termination and reductions in soil erosion. We determined that valuing the impact of CC on subsurface drainage N loading, soil erosion, and CC residue N mineralization has the potential to recover an average of 61% of the costs associated with CC implementation. More specifically, the average composition of recovered costs was 34% from reductions in N loading to subsurface drainage, 57% from the tile-adjusted mineralization of N from the CC biomass, and 9% from the estimated reduction in erosion. The results of this study have the potential to provide a more comprehensive assessment of CC value that could help producers make informed N and CC management decisions.
Other Techniques Based on the Contacting Probe

As technology scaling continues, chip testing becomes more complex and challenging. Testing techniques in general can be grouped as functional and structural or defect-based testing techniques. A functional test applies predetermined set of patterns at the inputs of an integrated circuit and compares to the expected responses. The goal is to verify the functionality of the chip under test. Structural tests, on the other hand, target on the defect detection using circuit structure. These may include tests based on stuck-at faults, delay tests, and tests based on quiescent current (IDDQ) and transient current (IDDT) detection. This chapter covers IDDQ and IDDT test methods adopted by industry and discusses on shortcomings. The remainder of this chapter describes photoconductive sampling probe (PC probe). PC probe uses laser beam to activate test inputs and to sample test outputs and nonetheless requires a hard probe to make contact with the metallization line. Since it is clearly not a contactless testing approach, this method is covered in this chapter.
A facilitated expert‐based approach to architecting “openable” complex systems

This study builds on the premise that open innovation methods can be effectively applied to more complex engineered systems through a particular kind of decomposition, one that decouples parts that are suitable for (1) distant expert search, (2) sampling from the right tail, and (3) force multiplying. This paper develops and demonstrates a method that leverages a facilitated expert workshop to elicit those kinds of “prizeable” problems. Our research context – the NASA Asteroid Grand Challenge – had previously suffered from the perception that there was no meaningful role for open innovation methods to play since the physics was such that observation is dominated by contributions from institutional players. However, through our workshop, we both demonstrated that prizeable subproblems exist – even in this highly complex system – and that the proposed approach is capable of eliciting them. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of this exercise for open innovation in general.
The Neuropsychological Assessment of the Hispanic Client

The senior author remembers eagerly reading the book The Art of Loving (Fromm, 1956) for the first time as a teenager. In its Foreword, Dr. Fromm notes in its first sentence that “reading of this book would be a disappointing experience for anyone who expects easy instruction in the art of loving.” Unfortunately, the same disappointment is applicable to this chapter, in that the reader will quickly surmise the complexity involved in the neuropsychological assessment of the Hispanic client. This chapter, or this entire volume for that matter, is incapable of providing “easy instruction” in such an art. Such complexity is the result of the potential, synergistic impact of all the factors so far discussed. For example, level of education, specific cultural background, and other demographic variables (e.g., age and geographical region within the U.S.), in conjunction with language fluency and proficiency (English, Spanish, both, neither for valid assessment purposes), coupled with the limited availability of tests and norms from which valid and reliable inferences can be generated interact to create the aforementioned complexity. Therefore, detailed examples will be provided below in an attempt to show potential strategies or elucidate plausible courses of action to address such issues. However, before providing applied examples, there are a few theoretical issues regarding neuropsychological assessment not covered thus far that should be addressed. Traditional psychological evaluation approaches often focus on identifying the diagnosis (e.g., depression, mental deficiency, learning disability) used to determine
LIVING IN A TERRARIUM

This paper offers suggestions for basic research that needs to be completed to fill critical gaps in scientific knowledge of global warming and presents some basic concepts of the relationship between green plants and climate control, using oceanic phytoplankton, tropical forests, and boreal forests as examples. Also discussed is the potential role of green plants in the remediation of global warming through (1) policy changes addressing deforestation, acid rain, sustainable farming practices, and reforestation, and (2) technical fixes involving plant migrations, plant breeding, and fertilizing the open oceans. Although the measures presented here can provide temporary assistance, a remedial course in human ecology may be the ultimate solution to our survival and quality of life.
Creative Abilities: Divergent Thinking

Publisher Summary Many things influence organizational creativity. Some are social and literally organizational. The individuals who comprise it bring others to the organization. There is, of course, an interaction, with the social context having an impact on the performances and contributions of the individuals, as well as the organizational productivity and innovation in part being dependent on those same individuals. One important individual factor is ability. To a certain degree, then, organizational creativity depends on the abilities of the individuals within it. Creative ability is a broad label and category, however, and probably for that reason most research is much more focused. The research on divergent thinking is plentiful and says a great deal about the potential for creative accomplishment, both by individuals working alone and those in organizations. Quite a bit of the research reviewed in this chapter involves divergent thinking in social settings and organizations. There is research on the divergent thinking of managers, for example, as well as entrepreneurs and individuals studying business.
Educated with Science

Individuals are born to commonsense. As they try and err in the commonsensical world, they see the need to learn factual knowledge and command practical skills about living and survival. Individuals are reared in religion. As they fear and pray in the religious realm, they understand the necessity to gather doing-related information and master deed-accomplishing techniques toward redemption and salvation. In the past, people look up to parents, consult clergies, observe peers, take an apprenticeship with masters, and reflect upon experiences when they develop talents, grow aptitudes, and expand capabilities. Now socialization becomes a systematic process with education taking dominance as the unavoidable road and science figuring in salience as the indispensable content. This chapter describes and explains individuals and individual life with respect to science, specifically acquisition and application of scientific knowledge and technological skills. For instance, “scripts” are comprehensive in science as a system of knowledge, from printed volumes to electronic archives, from staged curriculums to organized instructions, and from standard props to standardized textbooks.
Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage Induced by Super Sonic Shear Wave Elastography in Rats.

Abstract The occurrence of the pulmonary capillary hemorrhage (PCH) bioeffect of diagnostic ultrasound in rats was investigated for a SuperSonic Imagine shear wave elastography system (Aixplorer, Supersonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France). The elastography imaging repeated at 1 Hz and consisted of widely spaced B-mode image pulses, supersonic push (SSP) pulses and shear wave imaging (SWI) pulses. Groups of rats anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, or with ketamine only, were imaged on their right side in a warm water bath for one frame, 30 s and 300 s. The image focus and region of interest were adjusted to give exposure only with the background B-mode imaging, or primarily with the SSP and SWI pulses. A sham group had only low power aiming scans. The lungs were removed 5 min after exposure and evaluated for PCH area and volume. The B mode was notably ineffective and produced significant PCH only at the maximum 0 dB output. The SSP pulses together with the SWI pulses produced significant PCH for 300 s, 30 s and even single image exposures. Peak rarefactional pressure amplitude PCH thresholds for 300 s exposure were the same with or without the B-mode pulses at 1.5 MPa (in situ mechanical index, MIIS = 0.67). A 30 s duration resulted in a slightly increased threshold of 1.7 MPa (MIIS = 0.76). The omission of xylazine from the anesthetic, which reduces the sensitivity of rat lung to PCH occurrence, resulted in an increased threshold of 2.1 MPa (MIIS = 0.94). The unique SSP pulses were much more effective than the B mode, but thresholds were comparable to previous results with other diagnostic ultrasound modes on other systems.
Nanoscale Location Matters: Emerging Principles of Ca2+ Channel Organization at the Presynaptic Active Zone.

How does diversity in the organization of secretory machines determine properties of neurotransmitter release? In this issue of Neuron, Rebola et al. (2019) found that distinct nanoscale assemblies of Ca2+ channels and Munc13, not overall channel abundance, mediate differing release characteristics of two cerebellar synapses.
Distributed Coordination of Autonomous Guided Vehicles in Multi-agent Systems with Shared Resources

This paper proposes a decoupled path planning framework to coordinate the behavior of a number of agents in dynamic environments. In this algorithm, agents can effectively conduct negotiations in a so-called incomplete information setting where only limited information about other parties is available for negotiating agents. We face the problem by breaking it into three distinct phases. The first stage is to schedule each agent individually and provide it with the lowest cost path using the Dijkstra algorithm. The next stage involves finding the best possible bids for each agent. The final stage is to reschedule each agent individually to satisfy the total demand, which is positioning all agents on their desired destinations where collisions are avoided and traveling time is optimally minimized. This cooperative pathfinding allows agents to know each other’s intentions and communicate their planned paths. In the proposed dynamic system, to account for unknown and unpredictable moving obstacles, if a collision is imminent, each agent needs to decide how to proceed by researching and selecting a new path and modifying its current plan in a timely manner.
A Reader Responds

(1981). A Reader Responds. Roundtable Reports: Vol. 6, Focus on the Disabled Museum Visitor, pp. 12-12.
Linguistic racism: its negative effects and why we need to contest it

Linguistic racism is magnified when a speaker is multilingual and shuttles between different languages and language varieties. This reality is underscored in this commentary that reviews four empir...
Deconstructing Stepwise Fate Conversion of Human Fibroblasts to Neurons by MicroRNAs

Cell-fate conversion generally requires reprogramming effectors to both introduce fate programs of the target cell type and erase the identity of starting cell population. Here, we reveal insights into the activity of microRNAs miR-9/9∗ and miR-124 (miR-9/9∗-124) as reprogramming agents that orchestrate direct conversion of human fibroblasts into motor neurons by first eradicating fibroblast identity and promoting uniform transition to a neuronal state in sequence. We identify KLF-family transcription factors as direct target genes for miR-9/9∗-124 and show their repression is critical for erasing fibroblast fate. Subsequent gain of neuronal identity requires upregulation of a small nuclear RNA, RN7SK, which induces accessibilities of chromatin regions and neuronal gene activation to push cells to a neuronal state. Our study defines deterministic components in the microRNA-mediated reprogramming cascade.
The Aneurysm Occlusion Assistant, an AI platform for real time surgical guidance of intracranial aneurysms

Purpose In recent years, endovascular treatment has become the dominant approach to treat intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Despite tremendous improvement in surgical devices and techniques, 10-30% of these surgeries require retreatment. Previously, we developed a method which combines quantitative angiography with data-driven modeling to predict aneurysm occlusion within a fraction of a second. This is the first report on a semi-autonomous system, which can predict the surgical outcome of an IA immediately following device placement, allowing for therapy adjustment. Additionally, we previously reported various algorithms which can segment IAs, extract hemodynamic parameters via angiographic parametric imaging, and perform occlusion predictions. Methods We integrated these features into an Aneurysm Occlusion Assistant (AnOA) utilizing the Kivy library's graphical instructions and unique language properties for interface development, while the machine learning algorithms were entirely developed within Keras, Tensorflow and skLearn. The interface requires pre- and post-device placement angiographic data. The next steps for aneurysm segmentation, angiographic analysis and prediction have been integrated allowing either autonomous or interactive use. Results The interface allows for segmentation of IAs and cranial vasculature with a dice index of ~0.78 and prediction of aneurysm occlusion at six months with an accuracy 0.84, in 6.88 seconds. Conclusion This is the first report on the AnOA to guide endovascular treatment of IAs. While this initial report is on a stand-alone platform, the software can be integrated in the angiographic suite allowing direct communication with the angiographic system for a completely autonomous surgical guidance solution.
Association of alcohol and other substance-related diagnoses with severe maternal morbidity.

Background Pregnant women with a substance-related diagnosis, such as an alcohol use disorder, are a vulnerable population that may experience higher rates of severe maternal morbidity, such as hemorrhage and eclampsia, than pregnant women with no substance-related diagnosis. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed electronic health record data on women (aged 18-44 years) who delivered a single live birth or stillbirth at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation from March 1, 2016, to August 30, 2019. Women with and without a substance-related diagnosis were matched on key demographic characteristics, such as age, at a 1:1 ratio. Adjusting for these covariates, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results A total of 10,125 deliveries met the eligibility criteria for this study. In the matched cohort of 1,346 deliveries, 673 (50.0%) had a substance-related diagnosis, and 94 (7.0%) had severe maternal morbidity. The most common indicators in women with a substance-related diagnosis included hysterectomy (17.7%), eclampsia (15.8%), air and thrombotic embolism (11.1%), and conversion of cardiac rhythm (11.1%). Having a substance-related diagnosis was associated with severe maternal morbidity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.81 [95% CI, 1.14-2.88], p-value = 0.0126). In the independent matched cohorts by substance type, an alcohol-related diagnosis was significantly associated with severe maternal morbidity (adjusted odds ratio = 3.07 [95% CI, 1.58-5.95], p-value = 0.0009), while the patterns for stimulant- and nicotine-related diagnoses were not as well resolved with severe maternal morbidity and opioid- and cannabis-related diagnoses were not associated with severe maternal morbidity. Conclusion We found that an alcohol-related diagnosis, although lowest in prevalence of the substance-related diagnoses, had the highest odds of severe maternal morbidity of any substance-related diagnosis assessed in this study. These findings reinforce the need to identify alcohol-related diagnoses in pregnant women early to minimize potential harm through intervention and treatment.
Therapeutic activation of virus-specific resident memory T cells within the glioblastoma microenvironment

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive, treatment resistant cancers, and despite standard of care surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, is invariably fatal. GBM is marked by local and systemic immunosuppression, contributing to resistance to existing immunotherapies that have had success in other tumor types. Memory T cells specific for previous infections reside in tissues throughout the host and these tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are capable of rapid and potent immune activation. Here, we show that virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells expressing tissue resident markers populate the mouse and human glioblastoma microenvironment. Reactivating virus-specific TRM through intra-tumoral delivery of adjuvant-free virus-derived peptide triggered local immune activation. This delivery translated to anti-neoplastic effects, which improved survival in a murine glioblastoma model. Our results indicate that virus-specific TRM are a significant part of the glioblastoma immune microenvironment and can be leveraged to promote anti-tumoral immunity.
Improving hidradenitis suppurativa patient education using written action plan: a randomized controlled trial.

The waxing-and-waning nature of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), complex treatment plans, along with variable responsiveness to therapy, can create management challenges for patients. In this pilot cross-over randomized controlled trial, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness a HS-written action plan (HSWAP) on patient disease understanding and confidence in recognizing flares and adjusting management. Participants were randomized into a pre-crossover control group that received a verbal consultation (VC)-only, and an intervention group which received the VC + HSWAP. The pre-crossover control group then crossed over (post-crossover control) to also receive the VC + HSWAP (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04600375). Patient comprehension of their disease and management steps was high after both a thorough VC and HSWAPs. However, the majority of patients prefer receiving both a VC and a HSWAP. After the addition of the HSWAP, pre-crossover control group patients' understanding and confidence of their disease and management plan increased across all surveyed questions.
Merkel cell carcinoma presenting as a malignant pleural effusion post-COVID-19 hospitalization: A case report and literature review.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, associated with immunosuppression, UV light exposure, and the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Cases of metastatic MCC diagnosed in body fluid cytology are extremely rare; only five cases have been reported previously in the English literature. We present a case of a 65-year-old male with acute respiratory failure and an enlarged right pleural effusion. He had two hospitalizations for COVID-19 pneumonia 2 months prior, for which he received steroid treatment and tocilizumab. Emergent thoracentesis was done, with pleural fluid sent for cytologic evaluation. Both the Papanicolaou stained ThinPrep slide and cell block demonstrated clusters of predominantly small to medium sized blue round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm and fine chromatin, in a background of rare mesothelial cells, macrophages and numerous lymphocytes. Tumor cells were positive for CD56, chromogranin, synaptophysin, SAT2B, MCPyV, and CK20 in perinuclear dot like pattern, while negative for TTF-1 and CD45 immunostains. Ki67 proliferative index was approximately 40%. The patient had a history of MCC of the right ulnar forearm 4 years before the current presentation, which was unknown to us at the time of cytologic evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the sixth case of metastatic MCC diagnosed by fluid cytology and the first reported in a patient receiving immunosuppressive treatment for COVID-19. Further reporting of such cases may increase awareness, especially when prior history is not readily available, such as in our case.
Cosmopolitan Spirituality: National Merit in Germany and France

The sentiments that both Ostwald and d’Alveydre express in the epigraph reveal the passion for social reform that permeated cosmopolitan religious thought, but their predictive assessments also illustrate unambiguously the more extensive political and national ramifications that they envisioned. These iconoclasts sought to revise European society and its political institutions, or as Ostwald expressed, its “State Organization” (his emphasis), and re-devise their nations. Their manifestos demonstrate the intricate bond between cosmopolitan spiritual aims and their visions for social and political renewal—prerogatives that these spiritual pioneers articulated in each domestic domain across the transnational field of cosmopolitan religion, which were intricately yoked to national dictums. Moreover, both the development of new and revised schemes of state organization as Ostwald described, and d’Alveydre’s concept of “national synarchy” assumed, plotted to embolden the German and French nations, respectively. They believed that only through the affirmation of their cosmopolitan spiritual precepts could the revitalization of social, political, and economic paradigms occur, a process, however, whose successful execution depended on national authority and guidance. To make this case, they turned to cosmopolitan spiritual historiography, an analytical framework through which these spiritual trailblazers traced the history of civilizations in a way that mapped the affirmation of each of their nation’s distinctive historical unity and progress. They charted a merit-based national path that culminated in each nation’s superior status on the world stage. Elite spiritual pundits articulated historical progressions that traced the trajectory of their national prerogatives and destiny, which peaked, they claimed, at the apex of the world’s greater civilizations. Yet such domestic designs and jingoistic templates for social and political renewal awkwardly belied the cosmopolitan religious vision of inclusive universal spirituality that they all evangelized—a contradiction that nevertheless seemed to pose few rankles among the era’s cosmopolitan spiritual thinkers. With this in mind, the political and nationalist formulations of cosmopolitan religious movements will be the focus of Spiritual Empires’ final two chapters. A closer look at such dissonance that all of these fractions seemed to easily abide will bring to bear the conflict and discord that the amalgamation of politics and religion so often engenders.
Modern Polygamy in the United States: Historical, Cultural, and Legal Issues . Edited by Cardell K. Jacobson and Lara Burton. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. xvi + 370 pp. $99.00 cloth; $29.95 paper.

PROLOGUE AND INTRODUCTION: THE INCIDENT AT ELDORADO, TEXAS CARDELL K. JACOBSON AND LARA BURTON SECTION 1: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PATTERNS OF POLYGAMY IN THE UNITED STATES: ESTRANGED GROUPS 1. A Repeat of History: A Comparison of the Short Creek and El Dorado Raids on the FLDS Martha Sonntag Bradley 2. One Vision: The Making, Unmaking, and Remaking of a Fundamentalist Polygamous Community Heber B. Hammon and William Jankowiak 3. Life Among the FLDS: Not Perfect, But Not Deluded and Not Monsters Ken Driggs 4. History, Culture, and Variability of Mormon Schismatic Groups Janet Bennion 5. Differing Polygamous Patterns: Nineteenth Century LDS and Twenty-First Century FLDS Marriage Systems Kathryn Daynes SECTION 2: SOCIAL SCIENTISTS EXAMINE POLYGAMY AND THE SEIZURE OF THE FLDS CHILDREN 6. Demographic, Social and Economic Characteristics of a Polygamist Community Tim B. Heaton and Cardell K. Jacobson 7. The Many Faces of Polygamy: An Analysis of the Variability in Modern Mormon Fundamentalism in the Intermountain West Janet Bennion 8. "What's Love Got to Do with It?": Earthly Experience of Celestial Marriage, Past and Present Carrie A. Miles 9. Social Scientific Perspectives on the FLDS Raid and the Corresponding Media Coverage Ryan T. Cragun and Michael Nielsen 10. Learning the Wrong Lessons: A Comparison of FLDS, Family International, and Branch Davidian Child-Protection Interventions Gary Shepherd and Gordon Shepherd 11. The International Fight Against Barbarism: Historical and Comparative Perspectives on Marriage Timing, Consent, and Polygamy. Arland Thornton SECTION 3: LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING THE SEIZURE OF THE FLDS CHILDREN 12. The Intricacies and Ethics of Parental Genetic Testing Deborah L. Cragun and Ryan T. Cragun 13. Child Protection Law and the FLDS Raid in Texas Linda F. Smith
The Enzymology of Virus-infected Bacteria IX. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE OF T6-INFECTED ESCHERICHIA COLI

Abstract The deoxycytidylate deaminase induced in Escherichia coli by infection with T6 bacteriophage has been purified approximately 350-fold over the crude extract. At its present state of purity, 29 µmoles of deoxycytidylate are deaminated per mg of protein per min, and deoxycytidylate is the only active substrate so far tested. Neither 5-methyldeoxycytidylate nor 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate is deaminated. The enzymatic activity is highly stimulated by deoxycytidine triphosphate and 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidine triphosphate, and is inhibited by deoxythymidine triphosphate. This regulation of enzymatic activity affords a means of controlling the rate of conversion of deoxycytidylate to deoxythymidylate, depending on the relative concentrations of deoxycytidine triphosphate, 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidine triphosphate, and deoxythymidine triphosphate in the nucleotide pool.
Histone III I. ISOLATION AND SEQUENCES OF THE TRYPTIC PEPTIDES FROM THE MALEYLATED CALF THYMUS PROTEIN

Abstract Eighteen tryptic peptides, varying from 2 to 33 residues, plus free arginine and alanine were isolated from N-maleylated calf thymus histone III. The amino acid sequences of 17 of the peptides were established completely, but the sequence of a 33-residue peptide was only partially determined. Together, these peptides account for 135 residues, including the 2 cysteinyl residues which are present in histone III but not in other histones of calf thymus. Two lysyl residues are partially e-N-acetylated. In this study 1 lysyl residue was found to be e-N-methylated. In a more comprehensive investigation (DeLange, R. J., Hooper, J. A. and Smith, E. L. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3261) 2 lysyl residues were modified at the e-amino group as the mono-, di-, and trimethyl derivatives.