cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting and Release of Phytohemagglutinin from the Roots of Bean Seedlings

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), an abundant vacuolar seed protein of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is a tetramer of two homologous polypeptides, PHA-E and PHA-L. The roots of bean seedlings release into the culture medium a cross-reacting lectin that is most closely related to PHA-E. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with root mRNA as template was used to identify PHA transcripts in the roots of bean seedlings. Roots were found to contain mRNA for PHA-E but not for PHA-L. Indirect immunocytochemical detection with colloidal gold and antibodies to deglycosylated PHA showed that in the meristem of the primary root, PHA accumulates in vacuoles. However, in elongated root cells PHA was found only in the cell walls, indicating targeting to an alternate location. These results are discussed in relation to the various mechanisms that may account for the release of a normally vacuolar protein by roots.
Thermal properties of organic and inorganic aerogels

Aerogels are open-cell foams that have already been shown to be among the best thermal insulating solid materials known. This paper examines the three major contributions to thermal transport through porous materials, solid, gaseous, and radiative, to identify how to reduce the thermal conductivity of air-filled aerogels. We found that significant improvements in the thermal insulation property of aerogels are possible by (i) employing materials with a low intrinsic solid conductivity, (ii) reducing the average pore size within aerogels, and (iii) affecting an increase of the infrared extinction in aerogels. Theoretically, polystyrene is the best of the organic materials and zirconia is the best inorganic material to use for the lowest achievable conductivity. Significant reduction of the thermal conductivity for all aerogel varieties is predicted with only a modest decrease of the average pore size. This might be achieved by modifying the sol-gel chemistry leading to aerogels. For example, a thermal resistance value of R = 20 per inch would be possible for an air-filled resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel at a density of 156 kg/m3, if the average pore size was less than 35 nm. An equation is included which facilitates the calculation of the optimum density for the minimum total thermal conductivity, for all varieties of aerogels.
Design of robustly testable static CMOS parity trees derived from binary decision diagrams

A robustly testable design of static CMOS parity trees is presented. A test set for such a tree which cannot be invalidated in the presence of arbitrary timing skews and/or circuit delays can be derived. The constituents of the parity tree are static CMOS EXCLUSIVE-OR (EX-OR) gates, which are constructed from their corresponding binary decision diagrams (BDDs). The EX-OR gates in the tree can have any number of inputs. The robust test set detects all the single stuck-open, stuck-on, and stuck-at faults when both logic and current monitoring are done. It is shown that such implementations of parity trees are testable with a test set of size O(log/sub k/n), where n is the number of primary inputs and k is a circuit parameter. >
California towhee vocal duets are multi-functional signals for multiple receivers

Avian vocal duets provide a model system for studying the evolution and production of complex signals which require input from multiple individuals. Duets serve a variety of communication functions in diverse species. To explore the function of duetting in California towhees (Pipilo crissalis) I collected behavioural data from a marked population, conducted sound playback experiments, and removed males from established pairs to observe the behaviour of new partners. Results indicate that California towhees use duets during extra-pair communication with conspecifics and during intra-pair communication between duetting partners. During the breeding season duetting frequency peaked during the chick-rearing period and was low during periods of high female fertility. Playbacks provoked similar levels of aggressive response from male and female territory holders. Mated pairs duetted in response to simulated intrusion by conspecific males, females and pairs. California towhee duets briefly increased in frequency after pairing, and showed no evidence of change due to learning. Duets facilitate spatial and behavioural coordination by mates, which should allow them to more effectively perform behaviours related to mutual reproductive success. No single existing hypothesis adequately explains vocal duetting among California towhees. Instead, duets function in multiple contexts and provide multiple potential benefits.
Task feasibility analysis and dynamic voltage scaling in fault-tolerant real-time embedded systems

We investigate dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) in real-time embedded systems that use checkpointing for fault tolerance. We present feasibility-of-scheduling tests for checkpointing schemes for a constant processor speed as well as for variable processor speeds. DVS is then carried out on the basis of the feasibility analysis. We incorporate practical issues such as faults during checkpointing and state restoration, rollback recovery time, memory access time and energy, and DVS overhead. Simulation results are presented for real-life checkpointing data and embedded processors.
1/f noise interpretation of the effect of gate oxide nitridation and reoxidation in dielectric traps

Nitrided gate oxides and reoxidized nitrided gate oxides exhibit increased reliability under electrical and radiation stress and improved dopant barrier properties. However, the process of nitridation introduces oxide charges and traps. In this paper, 1/f noise measurements in MOSFETs and the carrier number fluctuation (McWhorter) model are used to extract the dielectric trap density in space and energy near the conduction and valence band edges of silicon. It is found that reoxidation can be used to reduce nitridation induced interface traps to levels found in oxides. >
Managing the Access Services Desk: Utilizing Layered Levels of Staff Skills

In addition to circulation interactions, it is shown that access services desks field a wide array of multifaceted interactions. The management at the University of Denver's Penrose Library developed a system of layered staffing at the desk to provide excellent customer service in a systematic and consistent way. This led to the management of all inquiries brought to the desk, including the peripheral responsibilities of the desk. The types of interactions and the staffing model used to ensure a high quality of provided services is described.
Community annotation experiment for ground truth generation for the i2b2 medication challenge.

Objective: Within the context of the Third i2b2 Workshop on Natural Language Processing Challenges for Clinical Records, the authors (also referred to as ‘the i2b2 medication challenge team’ or ‘the i2b2 team’ for short) organized a community annotation experiment. Design: For this experiment, the authors released annotation guidelines and a small set of annotated discharge summaries. They asked the participants of the Third i2b2 Workshop to annotate 10 discharge summaries per person; each discharge summary was annotated by two annotators from two different teams, and a third annotator from a third team resolved disagreements. Measurements: In order to evaluate the reliability of the annotations thus produced, the authors measured community inter-annotator agreement and compared it with the inter-annotator agreement of expert annotators when both the community and the expert annotators generated ground truth based on pooled system outputs. For this purpose, the pool consisted of the three most densely populated automatic annotations of each record. The authors also compared the community inter-annotator agreement with expert inter-annotator agreement when the experts annotated raw records without using the pool. Finally, they measured the quality of the community ground truth by comparing it with the expert ground truth. Results and conclusions: The authors found that the community annotators achieved comparable inter-annotator agreement to expert annotators, regardless of whether the experts annotated from the pool. Furthermore, the ground truth generated by the community obtained F-measures above 0.90 against the ground truth of the experts, indicating the value of the community as a source of high-quality ground truth even on intricate and domain-specific annotation tasks.
Quasiregularity and Its Discontents: The Legacy of the Past Tense Debate

Rumelhart and McClelland’s chapter about learning the past tense created a degree of controversy extraordinary even in the adversarial culture of modern science. It also stimulated a vast amount of research that advanced the understanding of the past tense, inflectional morphology in English and other languages, the nature of linguistic representations, relations between language and other phenomena such as reading and object recognition, the properties of artificial neural networks, and other topics. We examine the impact of the Rumelhart and McClelland model with the benefit of 25 years of hindsight. It is not clear who “won” the debate. It is clear, however, that the core ideas that the model instantiated have been assimilated into many areas in the study of language, changing the focus of research from abstract characterizations of linguistic competence to an emphasis on the role of the statistical structure of language in acquisition and processing.
An introduction to chaotic and random time series analysis

The origin of chaotic behavior and the relation of chaos to randomness are explained. Two mathematical results are described: (1) a representation theorem guarantees the existence of a specific time-domain model for chaos and addresses the relation between chaotic, random, and strictly deterministic processes; (2) a theorem assures that information on the behavior of a physical system in its complete state space can be extracted from time-series data on a single observable. Focus is placed on an important connection between the dynamical state space and an observable time series. These two results lead to a practical deconvolution technique combining standard random process modeling methods with new embedded techniques.
Frequency-magnitude distribution of microearthquakes beneath the 9°50′N region of the East Pacific Rise, October 2003 through April 2004

[1] Relocated hypocentral data from a 7-month deployment (October 2003 to April 2004) of ocean bottom seismometers provide an opportunity to map microearthquake frequency-magnitude distributions (FMDs) along the 9°49–52′N region on the East Pacific Rise. These analyses, which incorporate more than 9000 earthquakes, represent the first investigation of the 3-D spatial and temporal patterns of FMDs along any mid-ocean ridge spreading center. The data are described well by a Gutenberg-Richter model, indicating a power law or fractal relationship between earthquake size and frequency. The scaling exponent, or b value, shows significant spatial variability, exceeding a value of 2.0 at the shallowest depths on axis and dropping below 1.0 away from the axial trough. This spatial pattern is consistent with an inverse relationship between b value and ambient stress conditions, with the lowest stress levels at shallow depths and relatively high stress levels (or low pore pressures) observed away from the axial zone. Intermediate b values are observed on-axis above the ridge system's melt lens; however, within this region there also exists significant spatial variability. This indicates that stress conditions and/or structural heterogeneity may vary at subkilometer scales within the hydrothermal circulation cell. Although the observational period is characterized by increasing seismicity rates, building toward an eruptive episode in January 2006, the first-order spatial pattern of b values is sustained, with no overall temporal trend. As a byproduct of this b value analysis, the detection capabilities of the array are assessed empirically.
Connections Between Performer and Teacher Identities in Music Teachers: Setting an Agenda for Research

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature concerning the connections between performer and teacher selves in the formation of a music teacher’s identity. This article begins by framing an issue facing preservice and in-service music teachers, namely, the tension between a performer identity and a teacher identity. An overview is provided of (a) the literature documenting preservice music teacher identities that privileges the performer identity and (b) the literature that focuses on balancing and negotiating the performer and teacher identities. To understand aspects of the current debate about music teacher identities, the author develops five themes based on a critical analysis of the selected literature: teacher versus performer identity conflict, personal and professional benefits of music making, holistic view of musical identities, roles and situated identities, and defining music teacher identity. The author concludes by synthesizing the commonalities of the recent research and sugge...
Angiopoietin-2 and rat brain capillary remodeling during adaptation and deadaptation to prolonged mild hypoxia

Angiogenesis is a crucial component of rat brain adaptation to prolonged hypoxia, but it is not known whether this structural change is permanent or reversed on return to normoxia. Also, the intrin...
Testing conventional logic and memory clusters using boundary scan devices as virtual ATE channels

The test of embedded clusters of conventional logic via boundary scan virtual channels has been shown to be a practical way to test and diagnose structural faults where these clusters are inaccessible to standard ATE (automatic test equipment) channels. Huge quantities of data can be created by this technique, which could result in prohibitive storage requirements and poor throughput. By use of topological data compression and special hardware, the storage requirement can be small and test times limited only by the speed of the boundary scan path. After discussing test pattern generation, the boundary scan environment, and the serialization of test patterns and algorithmic patterns, the author presents applications examples. >
Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on campus: Some consequences of misperceiving the social norm.

Four studies examined the relation between college students' own attitudes toward alcohol use and their estimates of the attitudes of their peers. All studies found widespread evidence of pluralistic ignorance: Students believed that they were more uncomfortable with campus alcohol practices than was the average student. Study 2 demonstrated this perceived self-other difference also with respect to one's friends. Study 3 traced attitudes toward drinking over the course of a semester and found gender differences in response to perceived deviance: Male students shifted their attitudes over time in the direction of what they mistakenly believed to be the norm, whereas female students showed no such attitude change. Study 4 found that students' perceived deviance correlated with various measures of campus alienation, even though that deviance was illusory. The implications of these results for general issues of norm estimation and responses to perceived deviance are discussed.
Arc of empire: America's wars in Asia from the Philippines to Vietnam

Michael H Hunt and Steven I Levine, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2012, ISBN10 0807835285, ISBN13 9780807835289 (hbk), 340 pp Michael Hunt and Steven Levine see the wars American...
Early Emotional Development and Cultural Variability

The goal of this article is to consider how culture impacts the nature of early emotional development. First, we review broad developmental trajectories of emotional development through the integration of biological and social system changes, embedded in the context of culture. Second, we discuss several cultural frameworks with which to examine cross-cultural comparisons of emotional development and how these frameworks impact parental socialization strategies and subsequent emotional outcomes in infancy and early childhood. Throughout, we review recent empirical work that supports the manifestation of cross-cultural similarities and differences in early emotional development.
Promotion of International Commercial Arbitration and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution Techniques in Ten South Mediterranean Countries

As the strategic economic partner of the Southern Mediterranean (MEDA) region, the European Union (EU) seeks to promote effective mechanisms of development through increased industrial cooperation in order to create a Euro-Mediterranean area of shared prosperity. The first Euro-Mediterranean Conference of Ministries of Industry, held in June of 1996 in Brussels, listed among its priority objects 1) the formation of a fair judicial and administrative framework for investment; and 2) the establishment and support of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) through the development of regional networks. However, recent reports on the world trade and investment describe the MEDA region as an area with low attractiveness for international investment. One of the obstacles preventing enhanced trade and investment in the MEDA countries, particularly for SMEs, originates from the lack of an efficient, effective, and reliable infrastructure to manage trade and investment disputes. Inadequately drafted contracts, insufficient or incompetent legal advice, and defective functioning of judicial systems evidence the unsatisfactory protection provided to EU-MEDA transactions. SMEs are likely to suffer the most since their access to domestic tribunals is severely limited. In addition, they are largely unfamiliar with alternative systems to prevent and management commercial disputes.
Viscoelastic damping in crystalline composites: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study viscoelastic behavior of model Lennard-Jones (LJ) crystalline composites subject to an oscillatory shear deformation. The two crystals, namely a soft and a stiff phase, individually show highly elastic behavior and very small loss modulus. On the other hand, when the stiff phase is included within the soft matrix as a sphere, the composite exhibits significant viscous damping and a large phase shift between stress and strain. In fact, the maximum loss modulus in these model composites was found to be about 20 times greater than that given by the theoretical Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound. We attribute this behavior to the fact that in composites shear strain is highly inhomogeneous and mostly accommodated by the soft phase. This is corroborated by mode-dependent Gruneisen parameter analysis showing that in the low frequency regime, Gruneisen parameters, which measure degree of anharmonicity, are about twice greater for the composite than each individual homogenous crystal. Interestingly, the frequency at which the damping is greatest scales with the microstructural length scale of the composite, a feature we also observe for superlattice structures.
Economic Woes, 1971–1972

The second Nixon shock was delivered on Sunday, 15 August 1971, which in a piece of unfortunate timing was the 26th anniversary of Japan’s surrender. Speaking in a live television broadcast, Nixon announced measures to protect the dollar and to shore up the US economy. These included an end to the convertibility of the dollar to gold, a 10% import surcharge and domestic wage and price controls.1 This so-called New Economic Policy effectively ended the period of American leadership of the world economic and financial system which had been in place since the end of the Second World War. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the economies of western Europe and Japan had recovered from the devastation of war and were now threatening the US economy with cheaper imports. As a result, America’s trade balance, long in surplus, slipped into deeper and deeper deficit. In removing the peg to gold, Nixon effectively devalued the dollar against other currencies and therefore made American goods cheaper to sell and foreign goods more expensive to import. The surcharge, which further added to these prices, was a temporary measure. It would, Nixon outlined, be removed once a new currency arrangement between the major industrialised nations was agreed upon.
Numerically Parametrizing Curves

(1998). Numerically Parametrizing Curves. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 104-119.
Sign of Reconciliation and Conversion? Differing Views of Power—Ecclesial, Sacramental, Anthropological—among Hierarchy and Laity:

Monika Hellwig’s 1982 history and theology of the sacrament of penance, Sign of Reconciliation and Conversion, is representative of the expectations that theologians and pastoral ministers had for ...
Analysis of tax policy problem based on the petroleum security in our country

By analyzing the active function of tax policies to the petroleum security,we can see that consumption tax policy remains to be perfected;the degree of resource tax regulation and control is low;we can see that petroleum special revenues don't consider oil field difference,business income tax lacks preferential policy of encouraging exploiting domestic petroleum resources and alternative energy sources,therefore the authors put forward proposals including imposing fuel oil tax and adjusting consumption tax and resource tax and petroleum revenue tax,then come to the conclusion that tax function in oil security safeguarding can be put into effect only by coordinating with perfect petroleum products price mechanism and reasonable energy policy.
The Influence of the Campus "Religion-related Fever" and the "Nationality-related Fever" on the College Moral Education in China

Since the Reform in China,there has been a growing consciousness of ethnic identity among the major ethnic groups and college students,and especially the minority college students have shown more interest in ethnic affairs and religious activities,which finds expression in the campus "religion-related fever" and the "nationality-related fever".Thus,Chinese colleges and universities should have proper moral education to help these students to have correct ideas on religions and nationalities through the teaching of materialism and atheism,the relation between religion and science,the differences between religious morality and collective morality and between scientific belief and religious belief as well as the Party and the Government's policies towards the freedom of religious beliefs.
FinFET and reliability considerations of next-generation processors

Recent experimental studies reveal that Fin field-effect-transistor (FinFET) devices commercialized in recent years tend to suffer from more severe negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation compared to planar transistors, necessitating effective techniques on processors built with FinFET for endurable operations. We propose to address this problem by exploiting the device heterogeneity and leveraging the slower NBTI aging rate manifested on the planar devices. We focus on modern graphics processing units in this study due to their wide usage in the current community. We validate the effectiveness of the technique by applying it to the warp scheduler and L2 cache, and demonstrate that NBTI degradation is considerably alleviated with slight performance overhead.
Critical soil bulk density for soybean growth in Oxisols

The aim of this study was to evaluate the critical soil bulk density from the soil penetration resistance measurements for soybean root growth in Brazilian Amazon Oxisols. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using disturbed soil samples collected from the northwest of Para characterized by different texture. The treatments consisted of a range of soil bulk densities for each soil textural class. Three pots were used for soybean growth of and two for the soil penetration resistance curve. From the fitted model, the critical soil bulk density was determined considering the penetration resistance values of 2 and 3 MPa. After sixty days, plants were cut and root length, dry mass of root, and dry mass of shoots were determined. At higher bulk densities, the increase in soil water content decreased the penetration resistance, allowing unrestricted growth of soybean roots. Regardless of soil texture, the penetration resistance of 2 and 3 MPa had a slight effect on root growth in soil moisture at field capacity and a reduction of 50% in the soybean root growth was achieved at critical soil bulk density of 1.82, 1.75, 1.51, and 1.45 Mg m⁻³ for the sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clayey, and very clayey soil.
Grants and Acquisitions: On flight, space, and all kinds of aircraft

Description d'une collection specialisee dans le domaine de l'histoire de l'aviation et de l'espace. Collection constituee principalement de livres et de periodiques. L'essentiel du fonds des archives est en francais et en allemand
Corrosion model of CO2 injection based on non-isothermal wellbore hydraulics

Abstract In this study, the corrosion behaviors of carbon steel and stainless steel are investigated for water-saturated CO2 system to examine the condition of CO2 injection wells in CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. In our model, potential nonisothermal effects resulting from CO2 injection activities, including Joule-Thomson effect, heat transfer between CO2 stream and surrounding well/rock formation, the adiabatic (de-) compression of CO2, and the frictional losses, are accounted. The model is applied to onshore and offshore wells using realistic data. In the offshore well, the depth is considered to vary as a power function of lateral distance from the sea floor to the perforation. Depending on scales of injection, our calculations show that the corrosion rates in the tubing wall from the wellhead to bottomhole is on the order of 1 mm/y for carbon steel. For stainless steel, the rate obtained is 0.0057 mm/y. Results of this study provide insights on the material selection of CO2 injection wells, design of injection operations, as well as leakage monitoring and risk assessment in wellbores.
Effects of 68Ga-DOTATOC specific activity on somatostatin receptor quantitation

360 Objectives Stringent specific activity (SA) control is part of the quality assessment for functional receptor imaging studies using PET. However, only scarce data is available on the impact of the SA in cancer receptor imaging. This study evaluates the effect of SA on 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake in somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expressing tumor models. Methods In-vitro, SSTR2 expression level was assessed using Western blot across multiple cancer lines including IMR32, Capan1, A549 and AR42J, and was normalized to β-actin expression. The SSTR2/β-actin ratio was correlated to in-vitro 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake and normalized to cell counts. AR42J and IMR32 normalized 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake was plotted against 68Ga-DOTATOC SA ranging from 0.2 to 20 Ci/g and correlation was assessed. Competitive binding assay using high (120 Ci/g) and low SA (60 Ci/g) 68Ga-DOTATOC with different doses of octreotide was performed in AR42J cells. For in-vivo studies Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees approval was obtained. Subcutaneous AR42J xenografts were implanted in Nu/Nu mice. Dynamic PET scans in list mode were acquired following injection of 68Ga-DOTATOC with a wide range of SAs (0.3 - 50 Ci/g). Net tracer influx (Ki), SUVmax and SUVmean were plotted against the SA to established the correlation between quantitative parameters and SA. Patlak-plot was used to calculate the tracer influx constant for the tumor ((Ki= (k1 × k3 / k2 + k3)). Moreover, AR42J xenografts were imaged before and after treatment with IV octreotide using high and low SA 68Ga-DOTATOC and differences in Ki and SUVmean were analyzed. Results We observed a linear relation between 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake per cell and normalized SSTR2 expression across the cell lines (R2=0.95, p Conclusions 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake is correlated to SSTR2 expression for a given SA. However, 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake in SSTR-expressing tumors increases in a linear fashion with increase in SA. If quantitation for dosimetry and response assessment are considerations, correction for specific activity is warranted.
TCT-218 Balancing The Risk Between Myocardial Infarction and Clinically Significant Bleeding With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Longer DAPT (> 12 months) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI) counterbalanced by a higher risk of major bleeding events. We sought to simulate the therapeutic risks and benefits of longer versus short DAPT durations after PCI
Surface grinding of CFRP composites with rotary ultrasonic machining: a mechanistic model on cutting force in the feed direction

For carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite components, especially advanced CFRP components with complex three-dimensional features, surface grinding is often needed to generate final dimensions and functional surfaces. Surface damages are frequently induced during surface grinding, reducing the load-bearing capability and service life of the components. Therefore, it is desirable to perform surface grinding of CFRP in a high-quality and high-efficiency way. Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) surface grinding has been investigated to machine CFRP for improved surface quality. Cutting force is one of the most important output variables for evaluating RUM surface grinding. The modeling of cutting force is essential to effectively control the occurrence of surface damages during RUM surface grinding of CFRP. In the RUM surface grinding process, the workpiece material is primarily removed by abrasives on the tool peripheral surface, thus it is essential to investigate the feed-direction cutting force model. However, such models are not available in the literature. In this study, for the first time, a mechanistic feed-direction cutting force model in RUM surface grinding of CFRP is established based on the assumption that the material is removed by brittle fracture. The mechanistic model has one parameter, fracture volume factor of the workpiece material, which needs to be determined by an experiment. There is a good consistency between theoretically predicted trends and experimentally observed results on the relationships between feed-direction cutting force and input variables.
Unilateral fatiguing exercise and its effect on ipsilateral and contralateral resting mechanomyographic mean frequency between aerobic populations

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to establish a better understanding of contralateral training and its effects between homologous muscles following unilateral fatiguing aerobic exercise during variable resting postural positions, and to determine if any observable disparities could be attributed to the differences between the training ages of the participants. Furthermore, we hypothesized that we would observe a contralateral cross‐over effect for both groups, with the novice trained group having the higher mechanomyographic mean frequency values in both limbs, across all resting postural positions. Twenty healthy male subjects exercised on an upright cycle ergometer, using only their dominate limb, for 30 min at 60% of their VO 2 peak. Resting electromyographic and mechanomyographic signals were measured prior to and following fatiguing aerobic exercise. We found that there were resting mechanomyographic mean frequency differences of approximately 1.9 ± 0.8% and 0.9 ± 0.7%; 9.1 ± 0.3% and 10.2 ± 3.7%; 2 ± 1.8% and 3 ± 1.4%; and 0.9 ± 0.6% and 0.2 ± 1.3% between the novice and advanced trained groups (for the upright sitting position with legs extended 180°; upright sitting position with legs bent 90°; lying supine position with legs extended 180°; and lying supine with legs bent 90°, respectively), from the dominant and nondominant limbs, respectively. We have concluded that despite the relative matching of exercise intensity between groups, acute responses to contralateral training become less accentuated as one progresses in training age. Additionally, our results lend support to the notion that there are multiple, overlapping neural and mechanical mechanisms concurrently contributing to the contralateral cross‐over effects observed across the postexercise resting time course.
Microsoft's Journey Towards Inclusion

This paper details Microsoft's Journey towards inclusion and how Microsoft is evolving its culture to be more inclusive, which is driving a wave of innovation at the company focused on supporting people of all abilities
Constructing Queer Theory in Political Science and Public Law: Sexual Citizenship, Outspeech, and Queer Narrative

Queer theory is nearly absent from political science, including public law. This article advances constructivism as a paradigm shift in the context of sexual citizenship. The project, informed by q...
On Philosophizing—and Some Logical Distinctions

Historians of science are more than mere chroniclers. They are not content only to construct a master record of what happened and when—of discoveries, inventions, and scientific personalities, of birthdays and family connections. True, many books on the history of some science read as if the author were designing a kind of periodic table or a calendar or a genealogical tree of the events which have made the science what it is. But this is to history of science at its best as bird watching is to genetic theory.
Minimally Invasive Cervical Laminectomy for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Objective:Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a common cause of neurological disability, especially in aging populations. There are several approaches to decompress the cervical spinal cord, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, corpectomy and fusion, arthroplasty, posterior cervical lam
Target and projectile fragmentations in 208Pb-emulsion collisions at 160A GeV.

We present the results of a study performed on the $^{208}\mathrm{emulsion}$ interactions at 160A GeV. In a minimum-bias sample of 1034 nuclear collisions, charges are assigned to all of the emitted 3431 helium and 1820 heavier projectile fragments during the breakup of the $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ beam in emulsion. Multiplicity distributions of the target-associated slow-moving particles and of the fast-moving projectile fragments are investigated. The polar angles of a subsample of 337 interactions having at least four projectile fragments of charge Z\ensuremath{\ge}2 are accurately measured and their pseudorapidity distributions are obtained. Multiplicity distributions, two- and three-body asymmetries, and conditional moments of the fast-moving projectile particles are investigated in terms of the total charge remaining in bound in the multiply charged projectile fragments. The results are compared with our existing 10.6A GeV $^{197}\mathrm{emulsion}$ data obtained in experiment No. 875 conducted at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Multiplicity distributions of slow particles emitted from the $^{208}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $^{197}\mathrm{induced}$ emulsion reactions are found to be independent of the beam masses and their energies. An insignificant number of fission events is observed in this work. Some differences in the average yields of helium nuclei and heavier fragments are observed, which may be attributed to an energy effect or to the limited statistics. However, two- and three-body asymmetries and conditional moments indicate that the breakup mechanism of the projectiles over a wide span of energies seems to be energy independent. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Preparation of Advanced CFD Codes for use in Sensitivity Analyses and Multidisiplinary Design Optimization

Several topics concerning computational methodologies relevant to preparation and efficient use of advanced CFD codes in sensitivity analyses (SA) and multidisciplinary analysis and design optimization MDO) are briefly discussed. This work was initiated several years ago by NASA Langley and has continued to involve government and university personnel. The several topics to be discussed and illustrated with sample results are as follow: Efficient calculation of both geometric and nongeometric sensitivity derivatives (SD) from a 2-D thin layer Navier-Stokes code and a 3-D supersonic (marching) Euler code using incremental iterative methods. Automatic differentiation (AD) of a 3-D thin layer Navier-Stokes code to obtain: geometric and nongeometric SD typical of those needed for MDO CFD algorithm and turbulence modeling SD, illustrating feasibility for SA of complex math models. Initial application of AD to incremental iterative forms for both first and second derivatives for a 2-D thin layer Navier-Stokes code. Development of a method for Simultaneous Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Optimization, SAADO. Some of these techniques have already been suggested for doing parts of the problem more efficiently; the contribution here is demonstrating how they fit together in a mutually beneficial way.
Fatal pulmonary embolism in the catatonic syndrome : two case reports and a literature review

Background Catatonia is associated with excess early mortality when it is unrecognized or inadequately treated. The characteristics of the lethal catatonia subtype are now well described, but the excess mortality of the remaining patients with catatonic syndrome, particularly from pulmonary embolism, appears to be inadequately recognized. The fatal risk of the catatonic syndrome is reviewed. Method Two new case reports of sudden death from pulmonary embolism in catatonic syndrome are presented. The world literature on morbidity, mortality, and pulmonary embolism in catatonia was reviewed by a search of MEDLINE and PsychInfo from 1966 to the present. Additional older references were discovered by screening bibliographies from articles produced by the searches. Results Twenty cases of autopsy-confirmed pulmonary embolism were found in patients with catatonic syndrome. Catatonic patients were more likely to die of pulmonary embolism and die earlier than patients with other types of schizophrenia. Death from pulmonary embolism did not occur until after the second week of catatonic symptoms and often occurred without warning. Conclusion Risk of a fatal pulmonary embolism is inherent in persistent catatonic symptoms and may explain the observed excess early mortality. Prompt resolution of the catatonic syndrome with benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or electroconvulsive therapy is the best way to reduce risk of pulmonary embolism. The prophylactic value of physical therapy or anticoagulation merits further investigation. Despite the absence of controlled trials of treatment effectiveness, the catastrophic outcome of acute pulmonary embolism warrants early and vigorous intervention in catatonic patients.
Short term, big impact? Changes in self-efficacy and cultural intelligence, and the adjustment of multicultural and monocultural students abroad

Abstract Although most researchers agree that studying abroad is beneficial, it is uncertain whether studying abroad is related to positive outcomes for very short-term (e.g., 5-week) programs and for multicultural individuals (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants). Using a mixed methods design, we examined changes in multicultural and monocultural students’ self-efficacy and cultural intelligence, and their adjustment during a short-term study abroad program. Using longitudinal data from 79 participants, we found that general self-efficacy and cultural intelligence were higher after studying abroad than before studying abroad for monocultural individuals, but not for multicultural individuals. Interestingly, multicultural individuals had higher cultural intelligence than monocultural individuals at both time points. Overall, general self-efficacy and cultural intelligence before studying abroad were related to intercultural adjustment after studying abroad for all participants. In addition, interviews with 15 participants revealed that multicultural and monocultural individuals had different trajectories of intercultural competence while abroad. Implications for study-abroad program duration and content, and research on cultural intelligence are discussed.
InP-Based Waveguide-Integrated Photodiodes With InGaAs/GaAsSb Type-II Quantum Wells and 10-GHz Bandwidth at 2 $ \mathbf {\mu }$ m Wavelength

Waveguide-integrated photodiodes with InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well absorption regions designed to absorb light at 2 $ \mu$ m are presented. A novel dual-integrated waveguide-depletion layer was used to maximize quantum efficiency in photodiodes designed with thin absorbers for high-speed optical response. Low dark currents (1 nA at $-$ 1 V) and an internal responsivity of 0.84 A/W along with a bandwidth above 10 GHz and an open eye diagram at 10 Gb/s have been demonstrated at 2 $ \mu$ m. The high-speed carrier dynamics within InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum wells are explored for the first time and suggest that the transit time of the photodiode is limited by light hole escape times in the quantum wells.
Combinatorial Thin Film Sputtering AuxAl1–x Alloys: Correlating Composition and Structure with Optical Properties

The Au–Al alloy system was investigated via a combinatorial thin film sputtering method for its potential as a plasmonic material. AuxAl1–x combinatorial libraries were cosputtered from Au and Al elemental targets and the composition, phase, and dielectric function of a ∼350 nm film was determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and spectroscopic ellipsometry, respectively. The phase evolution and optical properties were analyzed after annealing various compositions under a vacuum. The phases present matched the expected phases based on the published Al–Au binary phase diagram at all compositions. Interestingly, the mixed phase Al-AuAl2 region showed the most optical tunability, where a maximum in the real part of the dielectric function progressively shifted to higher energy for increasing gold concentration. For almost pure AuAl2, the imaginary component is largely reduced in the visible range and is comparable to that of pure Al in the UV region....
Exploring How Practicing Social Workers Define Evidence-Based Practice: A Research Note

This research note presents findings from a study that sought to garner a better understanding of the way in which practicing social workers defined Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). As part of a larger quantitative study, 137 social work practitioners provided a definition for EBP through an online survey and indicated the extent to which they: consider themselves an evidence-based practitioner; believe practitioners should apply EBP in social work; and were prepared through their social work education to use EBP. Content analysis of the practitioners’ definitions of EBP revealed that the majority of respondents described EBP as an intervention or a product versus a process. Regardless of the definition that was provided, descriptive statistics revealed practitioners reported on average that they identified somewhat as an evidence-based practitioner, believed that practitioners should apply EBP in practice moderately to always, and felt only moderately prepared by their social work education for EBP. The findings suggest an opportunity in social work education may exist to further reinforce the process of EBP to delineate it from the evidence-based interventions that may also be taught, especially in clinical programs. Dissemination may also need to occur through mandated continuing education hours, much like ethics has been added as a requirement in some states.
The neurocognitive evaluation in the butterfly glioma patient. A systematic review

Abstract Butterfly glioma (BG) is a rare glioma subtype defined by contiguous extension of the tumor into both hemispheres through the corpus callosum. The impairment of higher cognitive functions in BG patients is a well-known condition encountered in the clinical practice. Given the peculiar anatomical features and clinical repercussions of butterfly gliomas, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the role of structured neurocognitive evaluation in this patient population. A systematic search of the literature (Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane databases) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify English language studies reporting on clinical evaluation, treatment strategies and outcomes in BG patients. Screening and extraction were conducted in duplicate. Results were analyzed qualitatively. 493 unique references yielded 49 full-text papers for review; 19 studies were included in the final analysis reporting on 181 patients. A descriptive approach was used in the majority of cases to report on patients' cognitive status, where memory loss, confusion and non-specific cognitive impairment were the most frequently reported issues (67–69% of cases). Three studies conducted specific neurocognitive evaluations: one series reported on the post-operative incidence of abulia/akinesis and its resolution, two case reports applied a complete battery of neuro-psychological tests assessing attention, executive functions and memory skills. This review highlights a gap between the wide availability of validated neuropsychological tests and their utilization in the management of BG patients, according to the literature. Additional data from multi-institutional studies are needed to evaluate the actual implementation of these tests in the daily clinical practice.
Abstract 4348: DNA-based fusion detection using a pan-cancer tumor profiling 532-oncogene panel

Large-scale cancer profiling using next generation sequencing (NGS) has become instrumental to the discovery and identification of new, targetable cancer alterations. A comprehensive set of 532 oncogene targets were combined to create the new xGen® Pan-Cancer Panel V2 for hybrid capture sequencing. This xGen panel covers 2.2 Mb of the human genome, and allows for the simultaneous detection of copy number variations (CNVs), insertions and deletions (indels), gene rearrangements, and microsatellite instability across a wide range of sample types, inputs, and quality. Using a new library prep workflow optimized for low quality samples and low input, panel performance was first evaluated with 30 ng of input DNA using libraries built from matched samples [formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor gDNA, frozen adjacent normal tissue gDNA, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA)] from five lung cancer donors (n = 15). Sample quality ranged from a mean DIN of 4.4 ±1.1 to 8.3 ±0.9 for FFPE tumor gDNA and frozen normal gDNA, respectively. After subsampling to 200X mean target coverage, 96% of target bases had at least 40X coverage for all libraries. Comparative hierarchal clustering analysis was then used to identify lung cancer mutations shared in all tumor samples. NGS gDNA reference standards from Horizon Discovery (HD753, HD798, HD799, and HD803) with verified CNVs, single nucleotide variations (SNVs), amplifications, and fusions, and were used to evaluate detection rates at different library input masses down to 1 ng. cDNA libraries were also prepared from RNA extracted from FFPE 5-Fusion RNA Multiplex Reference Standards (HD796, HD783). We identified all possible gene fusion events in the positive control using the structural variant caller, LUMPY (https://github.com/arq5x/lumpy-sv). The xGen Pan-Cancer Panel V2 enables a cost-efficient and time-saving approach for the detection of multiple oncogene targets. Citation Format: Katharine Dilger, Yongming Sun, Kevin Lai, Ushati Das Chakravarty, Nicole Sponer, Kristina Giorda, Patrick Lau, Yu Wang. DNA-based fusion detection using a pan-cancer tumor profiling 532-oncogene panel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4348.