cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A laboratory investigation of the effect of a terebellid polychaete on the survivorship of nereid polychaete larvae

Abstract A controlled laboratory experiment showed that the survivorship of the larvae of Nereis vexillosa Grube is significantly lowered by the feeding activities of Eupolymnia heterobranchia (Johnson). Ingestion of larvae by Eupolymnia is suggested as the mechanism of this interaction. E. heterobranchia eats small metazoans in the laboratory and also has microcrustacean and polychaete hard parts in its feces. These findings support the hypothesis that adult-larval interactions are important in structuring dense marine infaunal assemblages. It is argued that such interactions are important in other types of communities, e.g., terrestial forest and marine fouling communities, when they are at or near their resource limitation.
Effects of Nutrition on the Composition of Tooth Lipids and Fatty Acids in Rats: II. Effects of Restriction of a Cariogenic Diet on Caries and Lipid Composition of Molars and Incisors

Weanling rats were maintained on a cariogenic diet for three or six weeks. Two control groups were given this diet ad libitum; the food intake of two other groups was restricted. The restricted groups gained less weight and developed less dental caries. Phospholipids and free fatty acids were the main lipid fractions in molars and incisors. Food restriction altered the amounts of these two fractions in the teeth.
Association between lipid levels and major adverse cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis compared to non-rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Objective Lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol may be associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to determine whether the complex relationship between levels of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and CV risk is different in RA patients as compared to non-RA controls. Methods Using data from a US health insurance plan (2003-2012), we conducted a cohort study that included patients with RA and non-RA control subjects matched with regard to age, sex, and index date. The nonlinearity of associations between lipid levels and incidence of major adverse CV events (MACE) was tested. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine for an interaction between lipid levels and RA status in relation to the risk of MACE, after adjustment for CV risk factors. Results In total, 16,085 RA patients and 48,499 non-RA controls were studied. The mean age was 52.6 years and 78.6% were women. The relationship between LDL cholesterol levels and incidence of MACE was nonlinear and similar between RA patients and non-RA controls (P for interaction = 0.72). No significant increase in CV risk was observed between the lowest quintile of LDL cholesterol levels (≤91.0 mg/dl) and the second, third, or fourth quintiles, whereas the highest quintile (>190.0 mg/dl) conveyed a 40% increase in risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.17-1.68). The relationship between HDL cholesterol levels and incidence of MACE was also nonlinear and similar between RA patients and non-RA controls (P for interaction = 0.39). Compared to the lowest quintile of HDL cholesterol levels, each successive quintile was associated with a reduced risk of MACE (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.48-0.72 for lowest quintile [≤43.0 mg/dl] versus highest quintile [>71.0 mg/dl]). Conclusion The complex relationship between LDL cholesterol levels, HDL cholesterol levels, and risk of MACE was nonlinear in RA patients and also not statistically significantly different from that in an age- and sex-matched non-RA cohort.
East-Struck: Janet Afary and Kevin Anderson’s Foucault and the Iranian Revolution in Context

IntroductionIn Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism,Janet Afary and Kevin B. Anderson argue that Michel Foucault’s response to theIranian Revolution was pivotal in the development of his later work. Central to thisargument is the comparison Afary and Anderson make between Foucault’s andIranian Shi’ite Islamists’ anti-modernism. In the late seventies, Foucault wasalready turning to pre-modern cultures as offering a way out of post-Enlightenmenttechnologies of power and modern disciplinary institutions. Within this frame ofmind, Foucault saw Iranian revolutionary practices of self-sacriﬁce, publicpenitence, and small-group agency as exemplary forms of resistance to the deadweight of modernity. Unfortunately, Foucault’s enthusiasm for Islamist anti-modernism made him insensitive to some of the more nativistic (even fascistic) andanti-feminist aspects of Iranian revolutionary ideology. In Foucault’s late work(volumes 2 and 3 of The History of Sexuality), this same kind of insensitivityappears as reluctance to acknowledge the hierarchies of gender and forms of powerat work in ancient Greece. Indeed, he was not immune to the seductions of utopianthinking. Foucault’s late work is a search for an almost Heideggerian authenticity orwhat Foucault called the ‘‘irreducible.’’What Afary and Anderson have accomplished in this book is, certainly,signiﬁcant as a contribution to a history of ideas in the West. But their book can also
A phase I/II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation with boost chemotherapy for advanced T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Purpose: Local recurrence is the most common site of failure for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (PF) and definitive radiation at our center. Based on this, we studied the addition of chemotherapy during the boost phase of radiation after neoadjuvant PF for advanced T-stage (T3–T4) NPC. This strategy was based on theoretical radiosensitization with chemotherapy during accelerated repopulation of the tumor with relatively radioresistant clonogens. Methods and Materials: Three cycles of neoadjuvant PF was followed by conventionally fractionated radiation with additional PF during the boost portion of the radiation course. An initial Phase I study was done to establish the maximum tolerated dose of concurrent PF. Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled. Six patients in Phase I defined the MTD for concurrent PF as: cisplatin 10 mg/m 2 /day and PF 320 mg/m 2 /day, on Days 1–5 during Weeks 6 and 7 of radiation therapy based on dose-limiting toxicities of mucositis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Forty-one patients were treated with concurrent therapy per protocol: complete, partial, and minor responses were seen in 23, 16, and 2 patients, respectively. Progression-free and overall survival rates at 5 years were 55% (95% CI, 41–75%) and 66% (95% CI, 52–85%), respectively. Seven of 11 tumor-related deaths were due to local recurrence. Nine of 10 patients with local recurrence had T4-stage disease at presentation. Local control of T4 disease was achieved in 74% of patients overall, and in 25% (1/4) with World Health Organization (WHO) type 1, 76% (16/21) with WHO type 2, and 90% (9/10) with WHO type 3 histology. Common toxicities included mucositis, dermatitis, fatigue, vomiting, and weight loss. Conclusions: This regimen was feasible and associated with promising overall survival. Local recurrence remains the major reason for treatment failure in advanced T-stage NPC, especially WHO types 1 and 2. Other strategies to improve local control in these patients should be investigated.
Aggressiveness of Typhula ishikariensis Isolates to Cultivars of Bentgrass Species (Agrostis spp.) Under Controlled Environment Conditions

Speckled snow mold, caused by Typhula ishikariensis, is one of the most important Typhula snow molds in subarctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Nine isolates of three T. ishikariensis varieties (var. ishikariensis, var. canadensis, and var. idahoensis) isolated from infected turfgrasses on golf course fairways throughout Wisconsin were evaluated for their aggressiveness toward nine cultivars of three bentgrass species (three creeping, three colonial, and three velvet cultivars) under controlled environmental conditions. Speckled snow mold severity increased as inoculum concentration of T. ishikariensis was increased. In general, bentgrass susceptibility increased between 9 and 11 weeks after seeding but gradually decreased thereafter, suggesting expression of age-related resistance as plants matured. Significant differences in aggressiveness were detected within and among T. ishikariensis varieties. Significant interactions between T. ishikariensis varieties or isolates and bentgrass species were detected, but there was no interaction between pathogen isolates and bentgrass cultivars. Disease severity evaluations showed significant differences among bentgrass cultivars and species in their response to T. ishikariensis. Since bentgrass species exhibit differential responses to T. ishikariensis varieties, representative isolates of each variety should be employed for screening of bentgrass germplasm for resistance to speckled snow mold.
Indium plated carbon nanotubes pattern on flexible substrate defined by ink-jet printing

Carbon nanotubes patterns of micron-level resolution have been achieved using inkjet printing of DNA and SDS assisted CNT dispersions. DNA/CNT film has a significantly higher resistance compared to SDS/CNT film. Taking advantage of the porous nature of printed SDS/CNT film after SDS removal, indium can be electroplated to fill the CNT network and form a CNT/In composite. The CNT/In composite was used as interconnect material. Reworkability and RF performance of In-plated CNT bump structures are studied and the results are presented.
Precision patterning of conductive polymer nanocomposite using a laser-ablated thin film

We introduce a simple, reliable and low-cost microfabrication technique utilizing laser ablation of a thin polymer film to pattern polymer nanocomposite at a high resolution. A conductive composite of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was selected due to their wide use in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and unique properties including flexibility and piezoresistivity. To pattern nanocomposite, an excimer laser ablated through a thin polyethylene terephthalate film creating mold patterns. PDMS-CNTs nanocomposite was then filled into the mold with excessive amount removed by a smooth-edged tool. Bulk PDMS was poured atop and cured. After debonding devices with relief patterns of polymer nanocomposite could be readily realized. Fabrication conditions were optimized which led to reliable patterning of various microstructures. Detailed surface profiling revealed excellent pattern authenticity and uniformity. Minimal feature size of patterns reached below 20 µm which indicated a significant improvement from prior reports. Moreover, the presented technique required only a software design to rapidly generate new patterns, thereby eliminating costly hardware such as lithography mask, stamp and clean room. Fabrication time and cost could be consequently reduced—ideal for lab prototyping purposes. Sensor examples are discussed to demonstrate versatile applications of polymer nanocomposite in MEMS.
Spatial dysmorphology of the foot in Apert syndrome: three-dimensional computed tomography.

Abstract Computer assisted medical imaging was used to define the spatial dysmorphology of the foot in three patients with Apert syndrome and to correlate that dysmorphology with ambulation and footwear. Thin slice (2 mm), abutting, high resolution axial computed tomography (CT) foot scans were obtained. The CT data were post processed, using Analyze, to generate three-dimensional surface shaded and volumetric reformations. The reformatted images were evaluated by a bone and joint radiologist to identify abnormalities of bone shape, size, and orientation, of joint morphology, and of the foot as a whole. Five consistent findings were observed among the three pairs of feet: (1) anomalous great toes with phalangeal and metatarsal pathology; (2) simple syndactyly of toes 2–5; (3) fusions between metatarsals; (4) tarsal coalitions; and (5) limitations in commercial footwear. One patient underwent bilateral fifth metatarsal wedge osteotomies to facilitate the wearing of shoes. The dysmorphology of the Apert foo...
Cerebral-Abdominal Interganglionic Coordinating Neurons inAplysia

Three cerebral-abdominal interneurons (CAIs), CC2, CC3, and CC7, were identified in the cerebral ganglion C cluster. The cells send their axons to the abdominal ganglion via the pleural-abdominal connective. CC2 and CC3 are bilaterally symmetrical cells, whereas CC7 is a unilateral cell. CC3 is immunopositive for serotonin and may be the same cell (CB-1) previously described as located in the B cluster rather than the C cluster. We suggest that the full designation of CC3, be CC3(CB-1). All three cells respond to feeding-related inputs. Each CAI has a monosynaptic connection to at least one abdominal ganglion neuron involved in the control of various nonsomatic organs. The CAIs also exert widespread polysynaptic actions in the abdominal and head ganglia. The results suggest that the CAIs may act as interneurons that coordinate visceral responses mediated by the abdominal ganglion, with behaviors such as feeding and head withdrawal, that are controlled by neurons located in the head ganglia of the animal.
More on Non-White Poverty and Economic Growth

We use Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR), to explore the impact of three different measures of economic activity -- growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and manufacturing employment -- on poverty among whites, blacks and Hispanics in the United States. This analysis is unique in that we further disaggregate the data, by looking at the impact of growth across racial/ethnic groups in four census regions. We find that the impacts of the various measures of economic activity vary greatly by the group and the region. In particular, Hispanic poverty tends to be strongly related to changes in the unemployment rate, while white poverty tends to be strongly related to changes in manufacturing.
The Evolution of Helical Waves on Axisymmetric Jets

We consider the three-dimensional evolution of a nominally axisymmetric transitional jet for the case of helical perturbations. Inviscid vortex filament calculations provide insight into the mechanisms leading to the concentration, reorientation, and stretching of the vorticity. For the case of a helical perturbation only, the streamwise vorticity forming in the braid is of the same sign everywhere, with the vortex helix representing streamwise vorticity of the opposite sign. Due to the helical symmetry, concentrated structures do not form in the braid. If this symmetry is broken by introducing an additional periodic perturbation in the azimuthal direction, we observe the emergence of concentrated streamwise braid vortices that are amplified in the strain field set up by the vortex helix. In contrast to jet flows dominated by vortex rings, the streamwise vortical structures are all of the same sign. It appears that a Kelvin- Helmholtz-like instability of the braid vorticity layer plays a significant role in their generation.
Commentary: Iron metabolism in hepatitis C infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have started to decline, but up to 10,000 deaths each year are the consequence of chronic liver disease, following the infection. Laboratory testing identifies HCV-infected individuals using positive recombinant immunoblot assays to detect the presence of the antibody; the diagnosis is confirmed by detecting HCV RNA in serum. HCV-infected patients who have large accumulations of hepatic iron have not responded well to interferon therapy, compared to patients with normal hepatic iron stores. Physicians who treat patients infected with HCV should be aware of the detrimental effect of excess liver iron on interferon therapy. The degree of hepatic iron overload should be assessed and the reason for the excess iron should be investigated. Phlebotomy is the most practical method for iron removal and is well tolerated by patients with HCV infection.
Laboratory Tests of Diazinon-Butoxy Polypropylene Glycol Residues

Because butoxy polypropylene glycol (Crag Fly Repelleyt) has shown promise as a synergist and extender or formulation aid for pyrethrins and other insecticides (Haynes & McKenzie 1955), it was thought desirable to determine whether it would improve the residual activity of Diazinon. Accordingly, water emulsion concentrate and acetone formulations containing 0.5 to 10% Diazinon and from 0.5 to 30% butoxy polypropylene glycol were applied to plywood panels and filter paper surfaces.
NiSb–Al2O3–C Nanocomposite Anodes with Long Cycle Life for Li-Ion Batteries

A NiSb–Al2O3–C nanocomposite alloy anode has been synthesized by high-energy mechanical milling, involving the mechanochemical reduction of Sb2O3 by metallic Al and Ni in the presence of acetylene black carbon. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the presence of crystalline NiSb and amorphous Al2O3 in the final nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows the distribution of nanoscale crystalline NiSb particles in the matrix of Al2O3 and carbon. The presence of reinforcing Al2O3 and nanoscale active particles give this nanocomposite excellent cycle life with demonstrated capacity of 280 mAh g–1 to 1000 cycles. While the as-synthesized sample suffers from low coulombic efficiency of 55% in the first cycle and a large irreversible loss of roughly 350 mAh g–1, post-heat-treatment processes dramatically reduce the irreversible loss to 150 mAh g–1 with a coulombic efficiency of 73%. Combined with good rate capability and a tap density of 1.3 g cm–3, NiSb–Al2O3–C has...
Gains from Specialization with Medical Scribes: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

This paper estimates the impact of medical scribes on various measures of physician productivity. Scribes are charting specialists who prepare patient charts in the physician’s stead, potentially creating efficiency gains in productivity via specialization of labor. The scribe industry has grown rapidly in recent years, but relatively little is known about its effects. I use data from a randomized experiment in which scribes were assigned to some, but not all, physician shifts in three emergency rooms over nine months. I find that scribes significantly decrease physician overtime usage and increase the number of relative value units per shift.
Fuzzy Enhancement Method for Infrared Vehicle Target Image Based on Genetic Algorithm

Because of uncertainties,that is the fuzziness in the infrared vehicle target image processing,fuzzy theory is used in the infrared image processing. A new kind of image measure function is presented by fuzzy theory. As the fitness function of genetic algorithm to it is used adaptively optimize parameter α and β in in-complete Beta function. Thus an optimal gray transformation curve is obtained to enhance the region of interest for an infrared vehicle target image. Experimental results show that this method has higher adaptiviness and intelligence. Compared with the classical image enhancement methods and some existing similar methods,this method is better in performance.
Genetics of War and Truce between Mosquitos and Emerging Viruses

Arboviruses have made unexpected reappearances in recent years. Unlike viruses that undergo direct transmission, arboviruses utilize an arthropod vector (e.g., mosquitos, sandflies, and ticks) to spread throughout human populations. Here, we provide a snapshot of mosquito susceptibility to viral infection using flaviviruses, alphaviruses, and bunyaviruses as examples of emerging pathogens of global health relevance.
Determination of three food additive in soy products by high-performance liquid chromatography

To develop a rapid and accurate method for determination of benzoic acid,sorbic acid and Saccharin Sodium in soy products by RPHPLC,with the chromatographic column of Zorbax sb-C 18,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-ammonium acetate(5∶95,V∶V) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,The 3compounds were analyzed in 15min.The detection limit was 0.1 mg/kg,relative SD 0.67% ～ 1.23% and recovery 97.7%～99.7%.This method is simple and accurate,can be applied to the determination of soy products.
The effects of implicit instruction on implicit and explicit knowledge development

This study extends the evidence for implicit second language (L2) learning, which comes largely from (semi-)artificial language research, to German. Upper-intermediate L2 German learners were flooded with spoken exemplars of a difficult morphological structure, namely strong, vowel-changing verbs. Toward the end of exposure, the mandatory vowel change was omitted, yielding ungrammatical verb forms (compare Leung & Williams, 2012). Two pre- and posttests—word monitoring and controlled oral production—gauged the development of learners’ implicit and explicit knowledge, respectively. Interviews revealed 33 out of 38 L2 learners remained unaware of the ungrammatical verbs in the input flood; however, they showed significant sensitivity during listening as evidenced by a reaction time slowdown on ungrammatical trials. The unaware learners also improved significantly from pretest to posttest on the word-monitoring task, but not the oral production measure, unless the verbs’ salience in the input flood had resonated with them. Thus, implicit instruction affected implicit knowledge primarily, although prior knowledge and memory could potentially account for interactions between implicit processing, implicit knowledge, and explicit knowledge.
Intramyocardial pressure gradients in working and nonworking isolated cat hearts.

This study presents an improved method for the measurement of intramyocardial pressure (IMP) using the servo-nulling mechanism. Glass micropipettes (20-24 microns OD) were used as transducers, coat...
Vitamin E supplementation with interferon-gamma administration retards immune dysfunction during murine retrovirus infection

Murine retrovirus infection induces loss of vitamin E and immune dysfunction with loss of cytokine production by T-helper cells. Therefore interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was given during dietary vitamin E supplementation to effectively prevent murine retrovirus-induced immunosuppression, cytokine dysregulation, and development of murine AIDS. Administration of IFN-gamma during vitamin E supplementation significantly prevented development of retrovirus-induced suppression of splenic natural killer cell activity and T cell proliferation. It also significantly slowed retrovirus-induced elevation of T helper (Th) 2 cytokine [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10] production and monokine (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) secretion by splenocytes. The treatment also prevented loss of Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) secretion by splenocytes from retrovirus-infected mice alleviating splenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia. The combined therapy had an additive therapeutic impact. It was more effective than IFN-gamma treatment or vitamin E supplementation alone in delaying the development of retrovirus-induced immunosuppression with its cytokine dysregulation.
Scalability on Standard Personality Inventories

Scalability is an entirely general measurement approach. Measures of residuals can be computed on any rectangular matrix; where this is a person X item matrix with entries describing elevation, these residuals, once reversed, provide a measure of scalability.
Focused helium-ion beam irradiation effects on electrical transport properties of few-layer WSe2: enabling nanoscale direct write homo-junctions.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are currently receiving significant attention due to their promising opto-electronic properties. Tuning optical and electrical properties of mono and few-layer TMDs, such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2), by controlling the defects, is an intriguing opportunity to synthesize next generation two dimensional material opto-electronic devices. Here, we report the effects of focused helium ion beam irradiation on the structural, optical and electrical properties of few-layer WSe2, via high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements. By controlling the ion irradiation dose, we selectively introduce precise defects in few-layer WSe2 thereby locally tuning the resistivity and transport properties of the material. Hole transport in the few layer WSe2 is degraded more severely relative to electron transport after helium ion irradiation. Furthermore, by selectively exposing material with the ion beam, we demonstrate a simple yet highly tunable method to create lateral homo-junctions in few layer WSe2 flakes, which constitutes an important advance towards two dimensional opto-electronic devices.
Acute Coronary Syndrome and ST Segment Monitoring

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by a critical obstruction of a coronary artery because of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Three specific conditions are included: ST elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. The ST segment on the electrocardiogram is a sensitive and specific marker of myocardial ischemia and infarction; however, ST segment deviation is regional not global, thus the ECG lead must be placed over the affected region of the myocardium. This article describes ACS and infarction and the use of ST segment monitoring to detect these conditions.
Abstract 4166: Role of calreticulin in the spontaneous development of lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from a novel transgenic mouse model

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women worldiwide. The overall 5 year survival rate of lung cancer ranges between 5-15% (depending on the subtype). Based on histopathological criteria, lung cancer is subdivided into two main subtypes: small cell lung cancer (15%) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC 85%). Adenocarcinoma a subtype of NSCLC is the most common type in both sexes, and it has a poor response to chemotherapy. We recently developed a transgenic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma by overexpressing calreticulin (CRT) under the control of Tie2-promotor. The main phenotype of these mice is high incidence of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma similar to human patients. Immunohistological analysis showed these tumors to be SP-C+ve and CC10-ve phenotype. At the initial stages most of cells in the hyperplegic area and adenoma stained positive for exogenous CRT and HSCs markers, and as the tumor differentiated to carcinoma there were a significant loss of exogenous CRT and HSCs markers and increased expression of SP-C. The aim of our current project was therefore to identify the mechanism of development of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in this mouse model. To address this objective we carried out microarray and quantitative proteomic analysis of tissue and cell lines isolated from lungs of this transgenic mouse model. Microarray analysis showed activation of cluster of genes involved in cellular development, growth and proliferation. Some of these pathways include genes invlved in VEGF signal transduction pathways and Epherin receptor signaling, at the same time there were decreased expression of cell-cell interaction and communication (needed for metastasis). At the protein level we observed a significant increase in proteins involved in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. In addition we observed a significant change in the expression of genes invloved in lipid metabolism (both at protein and RNA level) in the lung of these mice. The change in the expression of lipid metabolizing genes suggest the metabolic shift needed during tumor progression. In conclusion, our data suggests that CRT as an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and a regulator of intracellular calcium homeostasis affects multiple genes invivo resulting in the development of tumor. This research was funded by Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP4-043-3-016). Citation Format: Nasrin Mesaeli, Hamid Massaeli, Divya Viswanathan, Dhanya Pillai, Mercy Anna Thomas. Role of calreticulin in the spontaneous development of lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from a novel transgenic mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4166.
A Very Brief Introduction to Trademarks for Linguists

Archeologists report that some 3,500 years ago, potters put marks on their products to identify the source of their clay pots. Over the years we have become more systematic about such marks and today a complex legal system has developed to insure the rights of origin of goods and services. We have created trademarks, a word, expression, logo, or other marking device that identifies the source of the goods, product or service, such as Kodak camera equipment or Exxon gasoline. Service marks resemble trademarks and carry the same legal principles for such things as services of various kinds, including entertainment. The shortened, term, “mark,” has come to represent both trade and service trademarks.
Del Preclásico al Epiclásico en Tlaxcala

En los dos milenios que abarcan los periodos Preclasico (o Fromativo), Clasico y Epiclasico en Tlaxcala (1600 a. C.-900 d. C.) se dieron significativos desarrollos que incluyen la transicion a la agricultura, la formalizacion de tradiciones religiosas, la urbanizacion, el auge y el colapso de estados, y la migracion. Visto desde la perspectiva de Tlaxcala, ese periodo incluyo el florecimiento de centros regionales durante el Preclasico, un estancamiento durante el Clasico y un segundo florecimiento durante el Preclasico
A Quantitative Model for the Dynamics of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Marker for Cancerous Growth: An Explanation for a Medical Anomaly

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an enzyme produced by both normal and cancerous prostate epithelial cells. Although PSA is the most widely used serum marker to detect and follow patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, there are certain anomalies in the values of serum levels of PSA that are not understood. We developed a mathematical model for the dynamics of serum levels of PSA as a function of the tumor volume. Our model results show good agreement with experimental observations and provide an explanation for the existence of significant prostatic tumor mass despite a low-serum PSA. This result can be very useful in enhancing the use of serum PSA levels as a marker for cancer growth.
Obstetrical Providers’ Management of Chronic Pain in Pregnancy: A Vignette Study

Objective Describe obstetrical providers' management of a hypothetical case on chronic pain in pregnancy and determine whether practices differ based on patient race. Design and setting This was a self-administered survey at a clinical conference. Subjects Seventy-six obstetrician-gynecologists and one nurse practitioner were surveyed. Methods A case-vignette described a pregnant patient presenting with worsening chronic lower back pain, requesting an opioid refill and increased dosage. We varied patient race (black/white) across two randomly assigned identical vignettes. Providers indicated their likelihood of prescribing opioids, drug testing, and referring on a 0 (definitely would not) to 10 (definitely would) scale; rated their suspicions/concerns about the patient on a 0-10 VAS scale; and ranked those concerns in order of importance. We calculated correlation coefficients, stratifying analyses by patient race. Results Providers were not inclined to refill the opioid prescription (median = 3.0) or increase the dose (median = 1.0). They were more likely to conduct urine drug tests on white than black patients ( P = 0.008) and more likely to suspect that white patients would divert the medication ( P =0.021). For white patients, providers' highest-ranked concern was the patient's risk of abuse/addiction, whereas, for black patients, it was harm to the fetus. Suspicion about symptom exaggeration was more closely related to decisions about refilling the opioid prescriptions and increasing the dose for black patients (r = -0.357, -0.439, respectively), whereas these decisions were more closely correlated with concerns about overdose for white patients (r = -0.406, -0.494, respectively). Conclusions Provider suspicion and concerns may differ by patient race, which may relate to differences in pain treatment and testing. Further study is warranted to better understand how chronic pain is managed in pregnancy.
Observing ocean ecosystems with sonar

There is still much to learn about ocean ecosystems. Long-term, continuous observations of underwater environments can help improve our understanding. This is especially important as we continue to develop ocean energy resources. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the University of Washington have developed a real-time processing system for sonar to detect and track animals, and to extract water column biomass statistics in order to facilitate continuous monitoring of an underwater environment. The Nekton Interaction Monitoring System (NIMS) is built to continuously process in real-time a stream of sonar data and archive tracking and biomass data, reducing the volume of stored data by orders of magnitude. The prototype system has been tested for real-time performance in the laboratory and in an operational environment on-board a research vessel and as part of a multi-instrument monitoring system. NIMS currently works with three types of sonar: a multi-beam sonar, a split-beam echo sounder and an acoustic camera.
MOVESET: MOdular VEhicle SEnsor Technology

New vehicles are being equipped with a variety of on-board sensors, as well as DSRC and cellular radios. These sensors and connectivity capabilities create opportunities for innovative applications for flow control, route planning, and road safety. Such applications rely on up-to-date data transmitted by the vehicles to analyze real time road and driving conditions. Due to the time-sensitive nature of these data, it is important to identify and understand connectivity characteristics that impact vehicle data sharing and communication, including both vehicle-to-vehicle communication through DSRC and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication through cellular channels. We present MOdular VEhicle SEnsor Technology (MOVESET) — a low cost vehicle sensor package that allows independent research groups to create datasets of vehicle sensors readings correlated with measurements of cellular and DSRC connectivity. We also present a dataset of measurements conducted in September of 2016 on an interstate and rural highways along the Bozeman, MT, Billings, MT, Red Lodge, MT, Bozeman, MT route. We hope that the MOVESET sensor platform and the presented dataset will make it easier for the research community to design and evaluate data integration applications for connected vehicles.
Re-Irradiation Therapy for Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: A National Survey of Practice Patterns

Using a customized survey consisting of two de-identified clinical scenarios with a total of 86 questions, we showed that substantial variability exists regarding recommendations for therapy of recurrent head and neck cancer. For inoperable gross recurrence arising in a previously irradiated field, recommendations were re-irradiation with curative intent (73%), re-irradiation with palliative intent (4%), chemotherapy alone (5%), and referral to tertiary center (18%). After salvage surgery, only 33% recommended adjuvant re-irradiation, with the remainder preferring observation (46%), chemotherapy alone (10%), and referral to tertiary center (11%). Significant differences were observed with respect to dose, fractionation, technique, and systemic therapy recommendations.
Abstract 2368: Differential role ofPik3caH1047RandPten-/-mutations in thyroid cancer development

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, with a median survival of less than 6 months from time of diagnosis. Molecular changes that characterize ATC involve most often p53 loss or inactivation (up to 80%), activation of the PI3K cascade through PTEN loss (12%) and PIK3CA activating mutations (20%) or gene amplification (30-60%), RAS family members activation (6-50%), and BRAF activation (25-50%). Studies performed in endometrial and breast cancer suggest that although PI3K activating mutations and PTEN loss of function both enhance PI3K signaling, these mutations are not equivalent. We have tested whether Pik3ca H1047R and Pten -/- mutations have the same impact on thyroid cancer development and if these two mutations differ in their ability to cooperate with additional genetic alterations, such as p53 deletion and the Kras G12D activating mutation. We have generated a series of mouse models and cell lines carrying thyroid-restricted p53 -/- , Kras G12D , Pten -/- , and Pik3ca H1047R alleles. Analysis of single and compound mutants has revealed important and striking differences between Pten and PI3K abilities to control the PI3K signaling pathway. Tumor development analysis in Pten -/- and Pik3ca H1047R mice has revealed that Pik3ca activation is less potent in inducing thyroid hyperplasia and subsequent transformation than Pten loss, even though the two mutations appear to have similar ability to induce AKT activation. This differential activity correlates with lower levels of PIP3 found in the thyroids of Pik3ca H1047R mice, compared to that of Pten -/- mice. We also observed that while Pten loss synergizes with Trp53 loss to induce anaplastic thyroid cancer, activation of Pik3ca leads to the development of a smaller and well differentiated tumors. On the other hand, Pten loss and Pik3ca activation are equivalent in inducing poorly differentiated tumors in the presence of a Kras activating mutation. However, Kras G12D , Pik3ca H1047R cell lines are more sensitive to PI3K, MEK and combined PI3K/MEK inhibition than Kras G12D , Pten -/- cell lines. Accordingly, tumors developing in mice carrying the Kras G12D , Pik3ca H1047R alleles are more sensitive than Kras G12D , Pten -/- mice to a dual PI3K/mTor inhibitor as well as a MEK inhibitor. All together these results suggest that Pten loss has a stronger impact than Pik3ca activation to thyroid cancer development and resistance to small molecule inhibitors. Citation Format: Michela Ranieri, Antonio Di Cristofano. Differential role of Pik3ca H1047R and Pten -/- mutations in thyroid cancer development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2368. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2368
The direct anterior approach: First among equals—Opposes

Abstract The anterior approach is increasingly practiced throughout the United States. Advocates claim it is minimally invasive, tissue friendly with decreased dislocation rates, decreased hospital stay, and improved outcomes. Recent data however, indicates high complication rates; wound problems, fractures, femoral loosening, and dislocation rates similar to other approaches. The superior approach is modeled after an ideal approach to total hip arthroplasty that is tissue-preserving, inexpensive, and reduces complications of other techniques. Features of the superior approach include simple positioning, no dislocation of the femoral head, preservation of abductors, anterior and posterior capsule, and most, if not all of the external rotators.
Interaction of blood flow, diffusive transport and cell metabolism in isovolemic anemia.

A difference in PO2 (ΔPO2) between red cells and tissue cells defines a driving force for diffusive O2 transport. This ΔPO2 depends on the flux and the over-all tissue conductance for O2: VO2 = [PcapO2 - PmbO2] x C equation 1 In the steady state, VO2 (rate of O2 consumption), equals the transcapillary O2 flux. PcapO2 can be defined as mean PO2 in the capillary population. Since diffusive shunting is negligible in red muscle (Honig and Gayeski 1989), effluent venous PO2 is a lower bound on mean PcapO2. PmbO2 is defined as the PO2,in equilibrium with myoglobin (Mb). Measurements of PmbO2 at the center of a cell profile, as in the present report, furnish a lower bound on PmbO2. C in equation 1 is a lumped conductance for O2. This conductance varies inversely and non-linearly with PmbO2.
Social Insurance: Medical Care

Chapter 20 is the first of two chapters on social insurance, using health insurance as the example throughout. It begins with an analysis of the demand for health insurance and then turns to the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection that derive from private or asymmetric information. Featured are Pauly’s analysis of moral hazard, the Cutler and Einav and Finkelstein analyses of adverse selection, and the Rothschild and Stiglitz demonstration that the market for health insurance might not have an equilibrium. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).
Estimating Linear Functionals in Density Estimation Models

The close connection between density estimation and white noise data is extended to the analysis of possible bias-variance tradeoffs. The analysis depends on a modulus of continuity argument based on a chi-square type distance, on a comparison with white noise models and on a nonstandard application of the Cramer-Rao inequality.
Getting Ready for Announcement: Kickoff Planning

The first few weeks of planning after the announcement of a divestiture or spin-off are very critical to successful execution of the transaction. Before defining separation plans and starting execution, it is essential to identify budget and resource needs and onboard stakeholders and execution teams. These are keys in setting up the Separation Management Office (SMO) or Divestiture Management Office (DMO) that will guide, track, and oversee separation or divestiture activities. Planning for this phase helps ensure quick ramp-up of resources, reduced time to start execution, and accelerated time to complete execution.
Investigation on two human defensin dimers: structure prediction and refinement using a combined simulation strategy

Defensins are cationic cysteine-rich small molecules belonging to the innate immune system. Most defensins form dimers that can enhance their function. Thus, predicting their dimer structures, if u...
1608a The contribution of occupational medicine to emergency preparedness: new york city and 9/11

Background Occupational exposures to hazardous materials and to high levels of psychological stress are predictable consequences of civilian disasters and result commonly in physical and mental health problems among first responders. Emergency plans must anticipate these occupational health consequences of disaster and be prepared to address them. Goal To assess the contribution of occupational medicine to emergency response after the attacks on the World Trade Centre of September 11, 2001. Method Historical review Findings New York had a network of Centres of Excellence in Occupational Health in place prior to September 11, 2001. These Centres were established in 1987, supported financially by the State of New York, and focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of injuries and illnesses among workers. They were staffed by trained personnel and provided a wide range of services including occupational medicine, occupational health nursing, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, and social work services. The New York Centres of Excellence in Occupational Health were able to provide medical care to first responders immediately after September 11, 2001. Within a few weeks they had evaluated several hundred responders – firefighters, police, paramedics, and volunteers. Persistent cough, termed ‘World Trade Centre cough’, asthma, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were the symptoms most commonly seen in the initial post-attack period. These symptoms were most severe in the most heavily exposed responders and were more frequent among 9/11 first responders than among unexposed workers in the same trades. Documentation of these health effects and their persistence was critical in demonstrating that the attacks on the World Trade Centre and their aftermath had produced physical and mental health effects among first responders; in establishing the need for long-term medical and epidemiologic follow-up of the first responder population; and in ensuring that this follow-up included comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of both physical and mental health conditions. Follow-up of the 9/11 responders continues to the present, is supported by the US government through the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and has documented multiple exposure-related health problems in this population including restrictive lung disease, chronic sinusitis, gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), PTSD, depression, and cancer. Conclusion Pre-positioned resources in occupational medicine are an essential component of disaster response. Emergency preparedness planning must include long-term investments in occupational and environmental health services.
Tobacco use in cardiac patients: Perceptions, use, and changes after a recent myocardial infarction among US adults in the PATH study (2013-2015).

Abstract Smoking status following cardiac events strongly predicts future morbidity and mortality. Using a nationally representative sample of United States adults, aims of this study were (1) to estimate use of, and attitudes towards, tobacco products as a function of level of cardiac risk, and (2) to explore changes in attitudes and tobacco use among adults experiencing a recent myocardial infarction (MI). Data were obtained from the first and second waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Use and attitudes towards tobacco products were examined at Wave 1 among adults with no chronic health condition (n = 18,026), those with risk factors for heart disease (n = 4593), and those who reported ever having had an MI (n = 643). Changes in perceived risk of tobacco and use between the two waves and having an MI in the last 12 months (n = 240) were also examined. Those who reported lifetime MI were more likely to believe that smoking/using tobacco was causing/worsening a health problem. Having had a recent MI event increased perceived tobacco-related risk and attempts at reduction/quitting, but did not significantly impact combusted tobacco cessation/reduction or uptake of non-combusted tobacco products. Sociodemographic characteristics and use of other tobacco products were associated with change in use of tobacco products. Those who have an MI are sensitized to the harm of continued smoking. Nonetheless, having an MI does not predict quitting combusted tobacco use or switching to potentially reduced harm products. Intense intervention is necessary to reduce combusted use in this high-risk population.