cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term skin preservation by combined use of tissue culture and freezing techniques.

Abstract Simple but effective methods for shipping newly excised rabbit skin to a distant central laboratory for in vitro culture on a pigskin base, followed by freezing in a cryoprotective agent (DMSO) for frozen storage and subsequent reshipment to the originating laboratory while still frozen are described. At a suitable time the frozen tissue was rapidly thawed and transplanted to the autologous recipient rabbit. Of 12 cultures, seven indicated good to excellent cell growth and maturation on the host. The successful method combined the use of in vitro tissue culture and freezing to permit a central laboratory to grow the skin and ship it to the originating center for autografting at a convenient time.
The Emerging Food and Fiber System: Implications for Agriculture

FEW statements of certainty can be made about the U.S. economic system. One is that it will continue to undergo change and evolvement. While this process is the wellspring of material progress, it also is the generator of adjustment problems. Perhaps more than any other sector of the economy, agriculture has been involved in the process of change and adjustment for several decades. A central theme of this process consists of the increasing capability to produce the food and fiber supply on farms that are larger in size and fewer in number. This gives rise to two types of adjustment problems, one related to the attrition of farm units and the unemployment of people and resources no longer needed to provide food and fiber and the other to the survivors-the farm firms constituting the future production base. Our concern here is with the latter group, conventionally referred to as commercial agriculture. This paper examines some forces of change that have major implications to commercial agriculture in the United States. It consists essentially of a base statement in which these forces are identified and briefly examined and is intended to serve as a point of departure for a more extensive discussion of what these forces presage in terms of needed adjustments in the future. It should be clear that confinement is a ma-
Comments on Accuracy and Tactical Implications of Bearings-Only Ranging Algorithms

We discuss several reservations about the analysis conducted in the previous paper McCabe [McCabe, B. J. 1985. Accuracy and tactical implications of bearings-only ranging algorithms. Opns. Res.33 94-103.] in this issue of the Journal.
Amputation and doxorubicin for treatment of canine and feline osteogenic sarcoma

Abstract Fourteen dogs and 3 cats with naturally occurring oesteogenic sarcoma of the appendicular skeleton were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy using doxorubican HCl following treatment of the primary tumor by amputation or disarticulation. Doxorubican HCl was given intravenously every 21 days at a dosage of 30 mg/m 2 body surface area commencing 3 weeks after amputation, and continuing for 6 months or until metastatic disease was recognized radiographically. The median duration of clinical signs prior to surgical treatment for 14 dogs was 51 days (mean, 54 days ; range, 7–127 days ). The median time interval between surgery and onset of radiographically evident metastatic disease for 9 dogs was 73 days (range 50–160 days ). Median post-operative survival for 14 dogs was 104 days (range 52–368 days ); 35% were alive 6 months post-operatively, 21% were still alive at 9 months and 14% survived more than one year. Times to onset of metastatic disease and survival times were calculated from day of surgical treatment. For 3 cats duration of preoperative clinical signs were 24, 70 and 95 days ; intervals prior to metastatic disease for 2 cats were 133 and 274 days ; and survival times were 143, 180 and 414 days .
Outcome of transfer of the sternal head of the pectoralis major with its bone insertion to the scapula to manage scapular winging.

Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of transfer of the sternal head of the pectoralis major with its bone insertion to the inferior pole of the scapula for symptomatic winging. Methods Our study included 51 patients with serratus anterior dysfunction secondary to chronic muscle or long thoracic nerve injury. Indications included pain, scapular winging, and limited active motion after failed conservative management. All patients underwent transfer of the sternal head of the pectoralis major with its bone insertion to the scapular inferior pole. Computed tomography scan was performed at 3 months postoperatively to evaluate bone healing. Results At an average follow-up of 29 months (range, 12-46 months), 45 patients had complete and 6 patients had partial resolution of the scapular winging. Patients had significant improvements in their shoulder abduction, forward flexion, and pain levels (P Conclusion Pectoralis major transfer of the sternal head with its bone insertion to the inferior pole of the scapula is a reliable transfer to stabilize and to restore the function of the scapula in patients with symptomatic winging. This technique allows the ability to directly transfer the tendon to the scapula with bone-to-bone healing, leading to faster healing and a quicker return to unrestricted activities.
Effective electron-density map improvement and structure validation on a Linux multi-CPU web cluster: The TB Structural Genomics Consortium Bias Removal Web Service

Anticipating a continuing increase in the number of structures solved by molecular replacement in high-throughput crystallography and drug-discovery programs, a user-friendly web service for automated molecular replacement, map improvement, bias removal and real-space correlation structure validation has been implemented. The service is based on an efficient bias-removal protocol, Shake&wARP, and implemented using EPMR and the CCP4 suite of programs, combined with various shell scripts and Fortran90 routines. The service returns improved maps, converted data files and real-space correlation and B-factor plots. User data are uploaded through a web interface and the CPU-intensive iteration cycles are executed on a low-cost Linux multi-CPU cluster using the Condor job-queuing package. Examples of map improvement at various resolutions are provided and include model completion and reconstruction of absent parts, sequence correction, and ligand validation in drug-target structures.
Aerosol delivery of muramyl dipeptide to rodent lungs

Tuberculosis is the single most serious infectious disease worldwide. The respiratory tract is the primary site of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A number of immunogenic components of the cell wall of MTB, if delivered to the lungs as aerosols, can be used to study the local immune response. The site of deposition of these aerosols can be employed to control their residence time in the lungs. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) aerosols were delivered to alveolar macrophages in the lungs of rodents. Guinea pig macrophages harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage were examined by differential interference contrast microscopy for morphological changes indicative of activation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for the presence of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), and total protein content. Rat alveolar macrophages were studied for the production of nitric oxide, by induction of nitric oxide synthase. Twenty-four hours following exposure to an aerosol of MDP, alveolar macrophages exhibited morphological characterstics (spreading and pseudopodia), enzyme activity (NAG 50% above control), and production of the reactive intermediate nitric oxide. Rat macrophages subjected to aerosol exposure to MDP when challenged with a second dose of MDP or lipopolysaccharide exhibited a linear dose response as measured by nitric oxide production. These studies indicate that the topical delivery of an MTB bacterial cell wall component. muramyl dipeptide, results in activation of alveolar macrophages. This approach may be useful in elucidating elements of the immune response to MTB.
Production of a tagged medium resolution neutron beam

Abstract Dissociation of 260 MeV deuterons in natural C and Cu targets has been studied using an internal deuteron beam in the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility Cooler Ring. Angular distributions and energy correlations are reported for both the (d, pn) and (d, pX) reactions, and implications for using the coincidence reaction for producing a tagged, medium resolution neutron beam are discussed.
Echocardiographic diagnosis and catheter treatment of hypotension caused by cor triatriatum dexter

Cor triatriatum dexter is a rare congenital disorder caused by persistence of the right valve of the embryonic sinus venosus that results in septation of the right atrium. Its hemodynamic significance is determined by the extent of the subdivision of the right atrium and the number and size of connections between the 2 right atrial subchambers, and on associated cardiac anomalies that may be present. In patients with cor triatriatim dexter, there usually is elevation of the right atrial pressure. It can cause functional stenosis that impedes forward flow with potentially lethal consequences. We report a case of cor triatriatum dexter in a patient with hemodynamic instability in whom a Swan-Ganz catheter could not be floated. It was not detected by transthoracic echocardiography; however, transesophageal echocardiography clarified the diagnosis, which led to hemodynamically successful percutaneous intervention.
Solar radiation prediction based on recurrent neural networks trained by Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation learning algorithm

In response to the growing concern over the use of fossil fuels, renewable energy industries have been significant economic drivers in many parts of the United States. In the recent years there is a strong growth in solar power generation industries that requires prediction of solar energy to develop highly efficient stand-alone photovoltaic systems as well as hybrid power systems. In order to accomplish the goal, we propose a predictive model that is based on recurrent neural networks trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation learning algorithm to forecast the solar radiation using the past solar radiation and solar energy. This computational intelligence modeling tool explored the impact of solar radiation and solar energy in forecasting reliable long-run solar energy. Based on the excellent experimental results including the mean squared error analysis, error autocorrelation function analysis, regression analysis, and time series response, it demonstrated that the proposed neural network structure and the learning algorithm could be very useful in training the recurrent neural network for the solar radiation prediction.
An adaptive level set method for shock-driven fluid-structure interaction

The fluid-structure interaction simulation of shock- and detonation-loaded structures requires numerical methods that can cope with large deformations as well as local topology changes. A robust, level-set-based shock-capturing fluid solver is described that allows coupling to any solid mechanics solver. As computational example, the elastic response of a thin steel panel, modeled with both shell and beam theory, to a shock wave in air is considered. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism of Heterometallic Carboxylate Complexes [MnIII2MII4O2(PhCOO)10(DMF)4], M = MnII, CoII, NiII

Three new homo- and heterometallic hexanuclear complexes [Mn(2)M(II)(4)O(2)(PhCOO)(10)(DMF)(4)] (with M = Mn (1), Co (2) or Ni (3) and DMF = dimethylformamide) have been synthesized by redox generation of benzoate ligands from benzaldehyde in a one-pot reaction. All of the compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the I-42d space group of the tetragonal system, data for 1: a = 27.2249(8) Angstroms, c = 25.5182(5) Angstroms, R1 = 0.0681. The crystal structure contains isolated molecules. Each molecule consists of 2 x Mn(III) surrounded by four M(II) ions to form two edge-sharing OMn(2)M(2) tetrahedra giving rise to the [Mn(2)M(4)O(2)] core. The coordination sphere of each metal is completed by the bridging benzoate ligands and DMF molecules. The magnetic susceptibilities of 1-3 have been measured in the 1.8 K < T < 300 K temperature range. The magnetic susceptibilities for 1 and 2 pass through a broad maximum at low temperature which is characteristic of the diamagnetic ground state, while for 3 no maximum is detected down to 1.8 K. The magnetic data have been interpreted quantitatively for 1 and 3 on the basis of spin exchange interactions between the metallic centers (spin Hamiltonian for a pair being H(AB) = -J(AB) S(A).S(B)). Single-crystal measurements on [Mn(6)O(2)(PhCOO)(10)(CH(3)CN)(4)] (4) show that significant magnetic anisotropy develops at low temperature.
Stabilization Goals and the Appropriateness of Fiscal Policy during the Eisenhower and Kennedy-Johnson Administrations:

An active stabilization policy requires that policy variables respond to preceding deviations of the target variables from their goal. If there are several competing macroeconomic goals, political ...
Ultrastructure of the host-parasite interaction in the basidiolichen Cora pavonia (Web.) E. Fries

Ultrastructure of the host-parasite relationship in the basidiolichen Cora pavania was examined. Fungus hyphae closely envelope packets of cells of the blue-green phycobiont Scytonema. Convoluted haustorial hyphae were observed penetrating the algal cells. At the point of entry into the phycobiont a collar of wall material surrounds the haustorium, otherwise there is no sheath surrounding the haustorium and the fungal cell wall contacts the algal plasmalemma directly. No other reaction the presence of haustoria was evident in the phycobiont cells. Dolipore septa were observed in the mycobiont.
Special-interest subgroups at the ASCB: γ-Tubulin: questions outstanding

The annual meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) is a large and diverse gathering. At last year's meeting**The American Society for Cell Biology 38th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, USA; 12-16 December, 1998. Program chair: Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz., there were over 8000 attendees, and the topics discussed covered many areas of cell biology. It would be impossible to cover the entire meeting within a trends in CELL BIOLOGY report, so instead we are focusing on an aspect of it that provided some of the most interesting and fruitful discussions. On Saturday afternoon, before the main symposia began, there were 11 special-interest subgroup meetings. The atmosphere at these meetings was informal, and they encouraged open and frank discussion of data and issues. This report provides a brief summary of the discussions at seven of the special-interest subgroup meetings.
The decay of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 is inversely correlated with the extent of residual viral replication during prolonged anti-retroviral therapy.

Replication-competent HIV-1 can be isolated from infected patients despite prolonged plasma virus suppression by anti-retroviral treatment1,2,3. Recent studies have identified resting, memory CD4+ T lymphocytes as a long-lived latent reservoir of HIV-1 (refs. 4,5). Cross-sectional analyses indicate that the reservoir is rather small, between 103 and 107 cells per patient5,6. In individuals whose plasma viremia levels are well suppressed by anti-retroviral therapy, peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing replication-competent HIV-1 were found to decay with a mean half-life of approximately 6 months7, close to the decay characteristics of memory lymphocytes in humans and monkeys8,9,10. In contrast, little decay was found in a less-selective patient population11. We undertook this study to address this apparent discrepancy. Using a quantitative micro-culture assay, we demonstrate here that the latent reservoir decays with a mean half-life of 6.3 months in patients who consistently maintain plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of fewer than 50 copies/ml. Slower decay rates occur in individuals who experience intermittent episodes of plasma viremia. Our findings indicate that the persistence of the latent reservoir of HIV-1 despite prolonged treatment is due not only to its slow intrinsic decay characteristics but also to the inability of current drug regimens to completely block HIV-1 replication.
Psychometric Properties of the Mini-IPIP in a Large, Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults

Drawing on a large, nationally representative sample of young adults (the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health; N = 15,701; M age = 29.10), we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Mini-IPIP, a 20-item inventory designed to concisely assess the 5 factors of personality. The results suggest that the Mini-IPIP has a 5-factor structure; most of the scales have acceptable reliability; all the scales have partial or full metric invariance; and the scales exhibit some degree of criterion validity. However, the absence of scalar invariance for many of the scales suggests caution when comparing personality scores among groups defined by sex or race and ethnicity. We offer practical considerations for researchers interested in using this inventory with this sample, and also suggestions for modification of the Mini-IPIP.
On the determination of residual stress and mechanical properties by indentation

Residual stresses are of practical importance in bulk materials and coatings, which critically affects their mechanical integrity and reliability. Comparing with traditional techniques, the depth-sensing indentation technique provides a quick and effective method of measuring the residual stress field. In this study, we have used the finite element method to investigate the effect of in-plane residual stress on hardness and stiffness measurements of a bulk material/thick coating. It is found that the contact hardness, stiffness, and indentation work are sensitive to the residual stress, in particular for materials with a relatively high yield strain. Based on the reverse analysis, a new technique is proposed for measuring the yield strength, Young's modulus, and in-plane residual stress in bulk material and thick coatings through one simple indentation test. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through numerical examples. The effect of residual stress on indentation stress, plastic zone, and surface profile are also investigated. It is found that when the indentation is dominated by elastic deformation, the large recovery makes the surface profile measured after unloading an unreliable parameter in characterizing the properties.
Children's Monetary Evaluations of Body Parts as a Function of Sex, Race, and School Grade

Summary Public school children (N = 320) were given a sheet of paper with pictures of seven different body parts and asked to select from a list of numbers a dollar value for each body part. The instructions asked the child to imagine that his or her body had been damaged in an accident. Analysis of variance indicated that males value their bodies more than females. There was an increase in the body evaluations from the third grade to the sixth grade. Black children placed higher values on their bodies than white children did on theirs.
THE FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE OF MANDS AND TACTS

This study demonstrates functional independence in the acquisition of mands and tacts. Some subjects first learned to mand the experimenter's placement of objects with the prepositional phrases “On the left” and “On the right.” They were regularly tested for collateral appearance of tacts with these same phrases. Other subjects learned to tact the location of objects with these prepositional phrases and were regularly tested for collateral appearance of mands. All subjects were next trained in the repertoire that had not been trained in the first condition (either tact or mand). After all subjects had learned both to mand and to tact correctly, another assessment of mand-tact independence was undertaken. Mands (tacts) were reversed and testing assessed collateral reversal of tacts (mands). The results demonstrated that tacts and mands, even when incorporating identical response forms, were functionally independent during acquisition. Subsequent modification of one repertoire (by reversal training) produced collateral reversal in three of nine subjects.
Search for direct neutron capture in manganese

Abstract A search for the existence of the direct neutron capture reaction mechanism in the radiative capture of low-energy neutrons in manganese is reported. Using the Yale electron Linac to produce pulsed neutrons, the neutron energies were selected by the time-of-flight technique while the γ-rays were detected in a NaI(Tl) anticoincidence spectrometer. The shape of the partial capture cross section for emission of the 7.26 MeV ground state γ-ray was measured as a function of neutron energy. The amount of direct capture was to be identified by the expected interference between direct and resonance capture near the 337 eV resonance. At 1 eV neutron energy an upper limit of 160 mb was established for the direct capture cross section. If it is assumed that the partial radiation widths and phase factors for the bound level at −2830 eV and for the 337 eV resonance are the same then the upper limit of ≈ 30 mb is obtained. The accuracy of these results was limited by the multiple scattering in the sample and by the uncertainty in the bound level parameters. However, the experimental results cannot be accounted for without interference effects in the capture mechanism.
Genotype combinations for monoamine oxidase-B intron 13 polymorphism and dopamine D2 receptor TaqIB polymorphism are associated with ever-smoking status among men

Abstract Tobacco smoke inhibits monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that MAO-B inhibition is a possible contributing factor to tobacco smoke addiction. Thus, MAO-B is a possible candidate gene for predisposition to smoking. The TaqIB polymorphism for the Dopamine D2 Receptor gene (DRD2) has been previously associated with smoking status, although with some contradictory results. We investigated whether genetic variants of MAO-B intron 13 and DRD2 TaqIB polymorphism could be associated with smoking status among control subjects. There was no association of the intron 13 polymorphism itself with smoking status in either men or women. Similarly, no association with smoking status was observed for the TaqIB polymorphism of DRD2 itself. However, among men, there was an interaction between MAO-B intron 13 polymorphism and the DRD2 TaqIB polymorphisms, in which subjects carrying MAO-B allele A and genotype B12 of DRD2 were 2.50 times (95% CI = 1.05–5.95) more likely to be ever-smokers than the pool of men carrying all other genotype combinations. These results demonstrate that particular combinations of genotypes for MAO-B and DRD2 genes are associated with significantly higher risk for smoking behavior in men, but not in women.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe pfh1+ Encodes an Essential 5′ to 3′ DNA Helicase That Is a Member of the PIF1 Subfamily of DNA Helicases

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Piflp DNA helicase is the prototype member of a helicase subfamily conserved from yeast to humans. S. cerevisiae has two PIF1-like genes, PIF1 itself and RRM3, that have roles in maintenance of telomeric, ribosomal, and mitochondrial DNA. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of pfh1 + , a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene that encodes a Pifl-like protein. Pfh1p was the only S. pombe protein with high identity to Saccharomyces Piflp. Unlike the two S. cerevisiae Pifl subfamily proteins, the S. pombe Pfh1p was essential. Like Saccharomyces Piflp, a truncated form of the S. pombe protein had 5' to 3' DNA helicase activity. Point mutations in an invariant lysine residue in the ATP binding pocket of Pfh1p had the same phenotype as deleting pfh1 + , demonstrating that the ATPase/helicase activity of Pfhlp was essential. Although mutant spores depleted for Pfh1p proceeded through S phase, they arrested with a terminal cellular phenotype consistent with a postinitiation defect in DNA replication. Telomeric DNA was modestly shortened in the absence of Pfh1p. However, genetic analysis demonstrated that maintenance of telomeric DNA was not the sole essential function of S. pombe Pfhlp.
Characterization of Rodlike Aggregates Generated from a Cationic Surfactant and a Polymerizable Counterion

The polymerization of elongated micellar structures offers a novel approach to the production of high-aspect-ratio, water-soluble amphiphilic nanorods. A cationic surfactant with a vinyl-containing counterion, cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate, has been synthesized and polymerized to produce high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles which are insensitive to changes in solution conditions. Aggregates are polymerized over a range of initiator concentrations allowing for control of the product length. Small-angle neutron scattering and light scattering are used to characterize the dimensions of the polymerized aggregates, showing them to have a fixed radius of 2 nm and contour lengths varying from 96 to 340 nm. Proton NMR verifies the chemical structure and provides insight into the mobility of the aggregate components. Finally, gel permeation chromatography of the polymer extracted from the aggregates indicates that the polymerization reaction controls the aggregate dimensions.
Performance of serial time-encoded amplified microscope.

Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy (STEAM) is an entirely new imaging modality that enables ultrafast continuous real-time imaging with high sensitivity. By means of optical image amplification, STEAM overcomes the fundamental tradeoff between sensitivity and speed that affects virtually all optical imaging systems. Unlike the conventional microscope systems, the performance of STEAM depends not only on the lenses, but also on the properties of other components that are unique to STEAM, namely the spatial disperser, the group velocity dispersion element, and the back-end electronic digitizer. In this paper, we present an analysis that shows how these considerations affect the spatial resolution, and how they create a trade-off between the number of pixels and the frame rate of the STEAM imager. We also quantify how STEAM’s optical image amplification feature improves the imaging sensitivity. These analyses not only provide valuable insight into the operation of STEAM technology but also serve as a blue print for implementation and optimization of this new imaging technology.
Transition diagram-based CAI/HELP systems

The creation of CAI material is generally a formidable task, since all possible branching paths, corresponding to all possible user inputs both correct and incorrect, must be anticipated and receive an appropriate response. A system which can be given only the set of correct paths through the material and which can automatically generate appropriate responses to user errors and requests for assistance would greatly simplify this task. We have found that if the material to be presented can be represented as a transition diagram, then much of the process of providing error feedback and assistance can be automated. In addition, transition diagrams have been found capable of modeling a wide enough class of concepts to be useful for many applications.
String pattern matching in polynomial time

There is a wide range of applications for string processing and SNOBOL4 (Griswold, et al. [1971]) has come to be the most widely implemented and accepted language for such applications. No doubt one of the principle reasons for this acceptance is the data structure around which the language is organized, the string pattern. This structure together with the associated pattern matching process provide great flexibility. Nevertheless it has been widely recognized in informal terms that the pattern matching process is often grossly inefficient (Ripley & Griswold [1975], Dewar & McCann [1977]) and that the pattern structure is notoriously difficult to explain and use (Ripley & Griswold [1975], Stewart [1975]). Each of these areas of difficulty relates to such things as two modes of operation (quick-full scan), problems with left-recursion, heuristics in the scan, etc. Some difficulties are inherent with string patterns but many are not; we feel the developments described here help to clarify this situation.In section 2 we describe the formal model upon which we base this work. This allows the careful analysis of the variety of sets of strings which may be specified by the patterns which we admit and deduction to be made concerning the possibility/impossibility of algorithms of interest. With SNOBOL4 it has been the case that the careful definition of the "meaning" of a pattern is in terms of the actions taken by the pattern matching algorithm. This has led to the incorporation of idiosyncrasies of a particular algorithm into the understanding of the pattern structure. This seems akin to using a compiler as the definition of a programming language and we believe it is important to future progress to have other alternatives.In section 3 we point out that the worst-case execution time of the usual SNOBOL pattern matching algorithm is exponential in the length of the subject string, even on some quite simple patterns. We then present an algorithm whose worst-case time is polynomial and that operates on patterns which include a true set complement operator. As side benefits we find that the algorithm is not multi-modal and correctly handles the null string as an alternative and left-recursion.In order to conserve space we will assume throughout this paper that the reader is familiar with the idea of a string pattern in the sense that it is described in Griswold et al. [1971]. Also it is probably necessary that the reader have some general knowledge of the formal languages area.
Clinical pharmacology studies of oltipraz--a potential chemopreventive agent.

Pharmacological studies on Oltipraz [4-methyl-5(pyrazinyl-2)-1-2-dithiole-3-thione)] were conducted with normal healthy subjects using various doses and schedules. Administration of single doses (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) resulted in detectable drug levels in the serum (mean peak serum concentrations 16, 61 and 205 ng, respectively) and urine. The t1/2 was short (4.4, 4.1 and 5.3 hours respectively) and no steady state was achieved after multiple daily doses for 12 days. Introduction of a loading dose during the first day produced a steady state when 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg/day were used. Daily administration of Oltipraz sustained the steady state with insignificant variations. Consumption of a high fat diet increased the serum and urine concentrations of Oltipraz (30–60%) compared to the low fat diet. Two subjects experienced flatulence during the administration of the drug. One subject developed numbness and pain in the thumbs with occurrence of small purplishblack spots resembling those observed in subacute endocarditis. These changes disappeared 10 days after discontinuation of the drug. No changes in peripheral blood counts, biochemical profile or thyroid function tests were observed after four weeks of Oltipraz. Further studies with a larger number of healthy subjects are needed for clarification of the safety and biological efficacy of small doses of Oltipraz during chronic administration.
Congruence of Counselor Self-Disclosure and Perceived Effectiveness

Sixty-seven college students rated a counselor on expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness based on reading 1 of 2 randomly assigned session transcripts. The desire to choose the depicted counselor was also measured. In both transcripts, the counselor self-disclosed his or her use of prayer. A single-client statement varied across the 2 transcripts such that one contained a congruent counselor self-disclosure (counselor disclosure after client disclosure) and the other included an incongruent self-disclosure (counselor disclosure without client disclosure). A potential covariate, religiosity, was examined but did not draw significant variance. Participants in the congruent group reported a more favorable total perception, a higher attractiveness perception, and a greater desire to choose the counselor than did participants in the incongruent group. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
The use of thermodynamic models in the prediction of the glass-forming range of binary alloys

Analytical expressions describing the various thermodynamic phases in binary systems can be derived by the CALPHAD approach, whereby the parameters in these expressions are obtained from fits to measured phase equilibrium data. Extrapolations of these models can be used to predict metastable equilibria. Different thermodynamic models proposed for the Ni--Ti and the Cu--Ti systems are used to calculate the T/sub 0/ curves that are relevant to the prediction of the glass-forming range in rapidly cooled molten alloys. Although all the models give acceptable fits for the equilibrium range for which they were derived, significant differences are found for the metastable regime. The problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the extrapolations into the metastable regime are discussed. Simple thermodynamic considerations predict that the glass-forming range for rapidly quenched alloys exceeds that for amorphous alloys synthesized by isothermal solid-state interdiffusion reactions.
SU-GG-T-595: Implementation of a Near Real-Time Dose Calculation Engine for IMRT

Introduction — IMRT field dose calculation is traditionally implemented through pencil beam convolution algorithm in various treatment planning systems. For quality assurance purpose, an independent patient specific IMRT dose calculation scheme is in need. Such calculation should be performed within a short timeframe in order to be clinically implementable. We develop a dose calculation engine that serves such purpose. Method — Once the treatment planning system finishes the dose optimization and calculation, the patient CT data and the treatment planning data are exported in DICOM format. Our calculation reads in the patient geometry and each IMRT beam/field setup including the MLC fractioned intensity map. The primary dose for each beam is calculated through patient attenuation function, output ratio considering the MLC setup, primary off‐axis ratio and IMRT field intensity profile. A fast ray tracing algorithm is applied in calculating attenuation function in the primary dose. It traces the voxel density along the photon beam ray. The voxel densities are derived from patient CT numbers. The primary dose is then used to calculate the scatter dose by convolving a kernel with primary kerma. This convolution is calculated using a Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. The total dose for each beam is the sum of primary and scatter dose and repeated for each beam setup. Results — This IMRT dose calculation is performed within seconds from an IMRT plan. The resultant dose is comparable with the output from treatment planning system. Summary — We implemented a new IMRT dose calculation engine which is able to calculate the dose for a patient with IMRT fields. This engine takes into account of patient inhomogeneity through a precise fast ray tracing algorithm. A fast FFT convolution algorithm is used to obtain scatter dose. The calculation is performed with fast speed which allows potential real‐time clinical applications.
Solvent effects on the reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodides and α, ω-perfluoroalkyl diiodides with cadmium powder and dimethylcadmium

Reaction of RfI (RfC6F13 or C8F17) with Cd powder in DMF at room temperature under N2 afforded RfCdX (XI or Rf) in moderate (48–52%) yield. Although no reaction was observed with Cd powder and RfI (RfC6F13 or C8F17) in CH3CN at room temperature, reaction at reflux gave the homocoupled products C6F13C6F13 (67%) and C8F17C8F17 (61%), respectively. No F-alkylcadmium reagent was detected by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Similarly, the reaction of I(CF2)nI (n=3, 4) with Cd powder in DMF and CH3CN was examined. In DMF at room temperature, the new dicadmium reagents ICd(CF2)nCdI and ICd(CF2)n CdI {∼3:1} (60–65% combined yield) were formed. No reaction was observed with Cd powder and I(CF2)nI (n=3, 4, 6) in CH3CN at room temperature, but at reflux a mixture of higher α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes, i.e. I(CF2)2nI,I(CF2)3nI,I(CF2)4nI,I(CF2)5nI, resulted. Treatment of I(CF2)nI (n=3, 4) with CdMe2 (1:2) in CH3CN afforded the new ω-iodo F-alkylcadmium reagents, [I(CF2)n]2Cd·(CH3CN), in 96% (n=3) and 57% (n=4) yields. Reaction of Me2Cd with either ICF2CF2I or BrCF2CF2I in CH3CN or HMPA at 0 °C resulted in tetrafluoroethylene only.
Investigating the Selectivity of Metalloenzyme Inhibitors

The inhibitory activity of a broad group of known metalloenzyme inhibitors against a panel of metalloenzymes was evaluated. Clinically approved inhibitors were selected as well as several other reported metalloprotein inhibitors in order to represent a broad range of metal binding groups (MBGs), including hydroxamic acid, carboxylate, hydroxypyridinonate, thiol, and N-hydroxyurea functional groups. A panel of metalloenzymes, including carbonic anhydrase (hCAII), several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), histone deacetylase (HDAC-2), and tyrosinase (TY), was selected based on their clinical importance for a range of pathologies. In addition, each inhibitor was evaluated for its ability to remove Fe(3+) from holo-transferrin to gauge the ability of the inhibitors to access Fe(3+) from a primary transport protein. The results show that the metalloenzyme inhibitors are quite selective for their intended targets, suggesting that despite their ability to bind metal ions, metalloprotein inhibitors are not prone to widespread off-target enzyme inhibition activity.
THREE UNDESCRIBED NEMATODES FROM THE COAST OF OREGON1

A new subspecies and two new species of free-living marine nematodes, Rhabdodemanin minor subsp. oregonensis n. subsp., Synonchielkz spiculora n. sp., and Desmodora papillostoma n. sp., are described and illustrated. Type specimens are from a sample taken off the Oregon coast by the Department of Oceanography, Oregon State University. The nematodes described were from Iimited samplings of off-shore dredgings taken during the 1959 Clooney cruise of the Dcpartment of Oceanography, Oregon State University from a sandy substrate at a depth of 55 m approximately 2 miles offshore near Newport, Oregon (44’53.3’ N, 124’07.5’ E) on 24 June, 1959. Specimens were drawn and measured from glycerine mounts. Family Enoplidae Baird, 1853 Subfamily Enoplinae Micoletzky, 1922 Rhabdodemania Baylis and Daubney, 1926 Rhnbdodemaniu minor (Southern 1914) subsp. oregonensis, n. subsp.
Expanding the Peukert equation for battery capacity modeling through inclusion of a temperature dependency

Abstract The accuracy of Peukert's equation for battery capacity lessens under dynamic loading and varying temperature conditions. Previous attempts by others endeavor to overcome the current shortfall; however, many still neglect the inclusion of a temperature dependency. This paper investigates the feasibility of Peukert's equation for practical automotive situations and expands upon the equation in order to include both variable current and temperature effects. The method proposed captures these requirements based on the theory that a battery contains a relative maximum absolute capacity, different from manufacturer 20-h specifications, and the specific discharge conditions determine the rate at which to remove this capacity. Experimental methods presented in the paper provide an economical testing procedure capable of producing the required coefficients in order to build a high-level, yet accurate state of charge prediction model. Finally, this work utilizes automotive grade lithium-based batteries for realistic outcomes in the electrified vehicle realm.
Abrasion of windblown particles on Mars - Erosion of quartz and basaltic sand under simulated Martian conditions

The results of a series of laboratory experiments initiated to simulate Martian eolian erosion are presented. Experiments were conducted under Martian atmospheric pressure and compared to natural eolian sand produced on earth. It is reported that the less dense atmosphere on Mars resulted in more energetic eolian erosion manifested by an slightly higher rate of grain rounding and surface textures that included semicircular depressions termed 'popouts'. It is suggested that physical and chemical weathering may proceed more rapidly on Mars than on earth, given a sufficient supply of water vapor. In addition, clay mineral formations should be facilitated by the presence of large amounts of disrupted material. Finally, it is noted that the disrupted material could increase the ability of the soil to act as a reservoir for water thereby provisionally explaining the large amount of bound water on the surface soil material over much of Mars.
Philosophy and stimulus design for neuroethology of complex-sound processing

In research on the neural mechanisms for the processing of biologically important sounds such as species-specific sounds and sounds produced by prey and predators, it is necessary to study responses of central auditory neurons to biologically im portant sounds, information-bearing elements (IBES) in them, and tone bursts. The tone bursts or constant-frequency (CF) components can be an IBE in many species of animals. Information-bearing parameters characterizing these sounds must be systematically varied, and tuning of neurons to individual parameters must be studied. The measurement of a tuning curve must be performed not only for excitatory responses, but also for inhibitory and facilitative responses, if any. The selectivity of a neuron to a particular type of sound must be tested for whether it is level-tolerant. Responses to complex sounds can probably be explained on the basis of those to IBES and tone bursts, so that the use of the tone bursts, even though they are not IBES, is as essential as that of the biologically important sounds.
Advances in Staging of Esophageal Carcinoma

Staging criteria for thoracic malignancies are based on survival groupings that allow the stage groups to be used as prognosticators for cancer treatment. Definitive staging of esophageal cancer facilitates allocation of patients to appropriate treatment regimens according to each patient's stage. Existing noninvasive staging methods are imperfect in detecting abdominal and thoracic lymph node metastases in patients with esophageal cancer. Thoracoscopy is an excellent means for staging the chest and mediastinum. We have used thoracoscopic lymph node staging and laparoscopic lymph node staging for esophageal cancer since 1992. Thoracoscopy was performed in 45 patients with biopsy specimen-proved carcinoma of the esophagus. Laparoscopy was done in the last 20 patients. Laparoscopicassisted feeding jejunostomies were performed in patients with obstructive symptoms. Directed liver biopsies were performed if lesions were present. Thoracoscopy was aborted in three patients because of adhesions. Thoracic lymph node stage was NO in 40 patients and N1 in 3. Celiac lymph nodes were normal in 14 patients and abnormal in 6. Esophageal resection was performed in 30 patients after thoracoscopic lymph node staging; 18 of these underwent laparoscopic lymph node staging. Thoracoscopic staging showed NO lymph node status in 28 patients and N1 in 2. Two of these NO patients (7%) were found at resection to have paraesophageal lymph involvement (N1). Thoracoscopic lymph node staging was accurate in detecting the status of thoracic lymph nodes in 28 of 30 cases (93%). Laparoscopic staging found normal celiac nodes in 13 patients and abnormal lymph nodes in 5. After esophagectomy, final pathologic finding of the 13 NO patients was NO in 12 patients and N1 in 1 patient. Thus, laparoscopic lymph node staging was accurate in detecting lymph node status in 17 of 18 patients (94%). Six of 20 patients undergoing laparoscopy had unsuspected celiac axis lymph node involvement missed by standard noninvasive techniques. Three percent of thoracic lymph nodes and 17% of celiac lymph nodes were downstaged after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic lymph node staging are more accurate than existing staging methods.
Risk Factors Associated with Long-Term Social and Behavioral Problems Among Children with Brain Tumors

Abstract This study investigated long-term social and behavioral outcomes in 40 children with brain tumors. Demographic, medical, cognitive, and psychosocial predictors at short-term follow-up at Time 1 (one to two years postdiagnosis) were used to predict long-term social and behavioral outcomes three to four years after diagnosis (Time 2). Below-average social competence and average overall behavioral ratings were reported at Time 2. Multiple medical treatments and lower social competence scores at Time 1 were significant predictors of long-term difficulties concerning social competence, whereas lower socioeconomic status and higher total scores regarding behavior problems at Time 1 were the best predictors of long-term behavioral problems. The results of the study have implications for mental health screening and intervention during the early years after diagnosis.
Comparison of buffering components in goat and cow milk

Abstract Levels of total nitrogen (TN), crude protein (CP), nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) in morning and afternoon milk of goats (Alpine vs. Nubian) and cows (Holstein vs. Jersey) were determined. Mean concentrations (g/ 100 ml) of TN, NPN and P 2 O 5 for Alpine, Nubian, Holstein and Jersey milk were: 0.389, 0.048, 0.166; 0.556, 0.061, 0.212; 0.392, 0.033, 0.173; 0.505, 0.038, 0.211, respectively. Results confirmed that buffering capacity (BC) of milks were directly related to contents of major buffering components. Nubian milk exhibited the highest, followed by Jersey among the milks tested for BC. The high BC value of Nubian goat milk may be of great importance in human nutrition.
Breast Cancer After Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Risk Factors That Really Matter

Purpose To evaluate the risk of breast cancer (BC) and the contributing risk factors in women after supradiaphragmatic irradiation (SDI) for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Subjects and Methods Medical records of 248 women 60 years of age or less who received SDI for stage I/II HL between 1964 and 2001 at Massachusetts General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results The median age at SDI was 26 years (range, 5.7–59.3). The median follow-up was 15.2 years (range, 0.1–41.3). In 36 patients, BC developed (bilaterally in 11 patients) at a median interval of 18.4 years (range, 4.3–33.8) after SDI. Based on data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) for the first BC after SDI was 9.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.64–18.11, p p p = 0.0026). None of HL characteristics or treatment details was associated with higher risk of BC after adjusting for age and calendar time. Conclusions Age at irradiation and time since therapy appear to be the only significant risk factors for development of BC after treatment of HL. The risk is significantly higher 15 years or more after radiation and for women treated before age 30 years. Long-term surveillance strategies are indicated for women at risk.