cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stokes waves with constant vorticity: folds, gaps and fluid bubbles

The Stokes wave problem in a constant vorticity flow is formulated, by virtue of conformal mapping techniques, as a nonlinear pseudodifferential equation, involving the periodic Hilbert transform, which becomes the Babenko equation in the irrotational flow setting. The associated linearized operator is self-adjoint, whereby the modified Babenko equation is efficiently solved by the Newton-conjugate gradient method. For strong positive vorticity, a ‘fold’ appears in the wave speed versus amplitude plane, and a ‘gap’ as the vorticity strength increases, bounded by two touching waves, whose profile contacts with itself at the trough line, enclosing a bubble of air. More folds and gaps follow for stronger vorticity. Touching waves at the beginnings of the lowest gaps tend to the limiting Crapper wave as the vorticity strength increases indefinitely or, equivalently, gravitational acceleration vanishes, while the profile encloses a circular bubble of fluid in rigid body rotation at the ends of the gaps. Touching waves at the beginnings of the second gaps tend to the circular vortex wave on top of the limiting Crapper wave in the infinite vorticity limit, or the zero gravity limit, and the circular vortex wave on top of itself at the ends of the gaps. Touching waves for higher gaps accommodate more circular bubbles of fluid.
A Crisis in Leadership: Transforming Opportunistic Leaders into Leaders that can be Trusted

Business leaders often rely on the power of their authority to influence their employees. Recent workplace surveys however have found a growing distrust in a business leader’s authority. While such distrust has been increasingly associated with abuses in a leader’s authority, leadership research has primarily focused on the positive outcomes of leadership. The task of this study is to develop a conceptual model of leadership to address this shortcoming. In drawing Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), a concept of opportunistic authority was developed to explain employees’ distrust in their leader’s authority. This opportunistic authority is defined by a legal and moral opportunism in which a leader in a position of authority seeks to beguile, cloak and / or deceive employees of their legal and moral responsibilities. Legitimacy is identified as a solution to overcoming this opportunistic authority. Specifically, a leader’s efforts to develop pragmatic and moral forms of legitimacy develop normative expectations in upholding a leader’s legal and moral responsibilities. These normative expectations reduce a leader’s legal and moral opportunism and develop employees’ trust in the leader’s authority. A contribution of this study is that it not only offers a “darker side” explanation of leadership, but it also introduces a legitimizing process that can transform “ass**le” leaders into leaders that can be trusted.
Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer in the Setting of COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy: A Case report

Abstract In the era of this pandemic, the use of free flaps for elective reconstruction should proceed with caution in the COVID-19 positive patient given the associated coagulopathy. In those who require free tissue transfer in an urgent or non-elective manner, it is advisable to consider systemic anticoagulation with an associated hematologic consultation given the theoretic higher risk of flap vascular complication. We present a case report of a young healthy and otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient whose associated coagulopathy resulted in free flap loss and need for further operations.
Pre-IPO earnings management: Evidence from India

Abstract The Indian market is characterized by a relatively large number of unsophisticated retail investors, which provides a sharp contrast to many developed markets. Indian capital markets also provide a novel environment to test pre-Initial Public Offerings (IPO) earnings management and the capital market staging hypothesis. Our dataset encompasses a long time-period (1998–2016) including pre-IPO data and an important IPO regulatory change. Specifically, Indian markets instituted optional IPO grading (2006), required IPO grading (2007), and then reverted back to optional IPO grading (2014). We find evidence that Indian IPO firms which utilize reputable investment banks are less likely to manipulate pre-IPO earnings. Harder to value firms, such as those with large amounts of research and development, are more likely to engage in pre-IPO earnings management. We also find support for the capital market staging hypothesis in India. Additionally, there is lower pre-IPO earnings management during the optional IPO grading period. Our research also has important policy implications underscoring the need for increased transparency, particularly in emerging markets.
Learning the Minimal Representation of a Dynamic System from Transition Data

This paper proposes a novel framework for learning a concise MDP model of a continuous state space dynamic system from given observed transition data. Most existing methods in offline reinforcement learning construct functional approximations of the value or the transition and reward functions, requiring complex and often not interpretable function approximators. Our approach instead relies on partitioning the system's feature space into regions constituting states of a finite deterministic MDP representing the system. We discuss what is theoretically the minimal MDP representation that preserves the values, and therefore the optimal policy, of the dynamic system. We define formally the problem of learning such a concise representation from transition data without exploration. To solve this problem, we introduce an in-sample property on partitions of the feature space we name coherence, and show that if the class of possible partitions is of finite VC dimension, any coherent partition with the transition data converges to the minimal representation of the system with provable finite-sample PAC convergence guarantees. This theoretical insight motivates our Minimal Representation Learning (MRL) algorithm that constructs from transition data an MDP representation that approximates the minimal representation of the system. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework through numerical experiments.
Coverage and Timing of Influenza Vaccination Among Privately Insured Pregnant Women in the United States, 2010-2018.

ObjectivePregnant women are at increased risk of serious complications from influenza and are recommended to receive an influenza vaccination during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to as...
Type 2 Diabetes and the Use of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring

The role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is well established in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent than T1...
Unified Control (UniCon) Strategies for Grid-Connected Inverters

This paper proposes a universal control (UniCon) scheme for grid-connected inverters that allows operation in grid-following and grid-forming modes. The inverter does not need detailed information about the grid and is able to set its own operating point based on local measurements and can operate over a wide range of scenarios. The inverter control strategy can operate with all elements of the grid or microgrids. UniCon allows operation in distinct modes, including dispatch in grid connected mode, and automatic load sharing in islanded or microgrid mode. The use of communications when available is only for slow coordination and system level optimization. Unicon has several distinct elements that have to all function in an integrated manner to realize desired overall system level behavior. It is believed that such a universal control strategy is needed for inverters for transition from today’s synchronous generator dominated grid to an inverter-based resources (IBR) dominated grid.
A Functional MRI Study of Exploratory Behaviors in Early Adolescence (P2.243)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neural correlates of exploratory behaviors in early adolescence. BACKGROUND: The onset of adolescence is associated with an increase in the behavioral tendency to explore and seek novel experiences. However, this increase in exploratory behavior has rarely been quantified, and its neural correlates during the onset of adolescence remain unclear. Recently, work in adults has begun to characterize individual variability in exploration, and to associate greater exploratory tendencies with specific regions within the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (rlPFC). DESIGN/METHODS: Here we take advantage of a recently developed task to assess exploration, defined as the degree to which the relative uncertainty of rewards directs responding toward less well-evaluated choices, in a group of 62 girls examined near the onset of puberty (ages 11-13). In addition to behavioral measures, resting state functional MRI images were obtained from all participants. RESULTS: Behaviorally, this task divided our subjects into groups of explorers (N = 41) and non-explorers (N = 21). Notably, the degree of exploration was uncorrelated with a measure of risk aversion. When seed regions of interest within the rlPFC were used to interrogate resting state data, we identified a lateralized connection between the rlPFC and posterior putamen/insula whose strength differentiated explorers from non-explorers. Based on Granger causality analyses, the preponderant direction of neural influence may proceed from posterior to anterior, rather than vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: Together these data provide initial evidence that connectivity between the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior putamen/insula correlates with exploratory tendencies emerging in early adolescence. Study Supported by: State of California Disclosure: Dr. Kayser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Op de Macks has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Frank has received personal compensation for activities with Hoffman-La Roche as a consultant.
Evolution-based automated reconfiguration of field programmable analog devices

The paper presents some experiments in automatic reconfiguration of field programmable devices using evolutionary algorithms. The experiments use a Field Programmable Transistor Array (FPTA), reconfigurable at transistor level. While parasitic effects of imperfect switches interconnecting transistors deteriorate performance of conventional designs when mapped to the FPTA, evolutionary algorithms are able to find a working design solution. The experiments are performed with a stand-alone board-level evolvable system (SABLES) in which the evolutionary algorithm is implemented with a DSP. SABLES can automatically configure the FPTA in tens to hundreds of seconds, time in which evaluates /spl sim/100,000 circuit candidate solutions. The paper overviews some examples of evolutionary synthesis of analog circuits on the FPTA.
PLZF null mice have reduced type 2 pulmonary inflammation due to defective ILC2 effector function (HYP6P.265)

Rationale. Pulmonary ILC2s have been recently identified as a source of IL-5 and IL-13 during allergic inflammation and helminth infection. Fate-mapping experiments in our lab revealed that the transcription factor PLZF is upregulated during ILC2 development. We hypothesized that the PLZF null mouse would have an impaired innate type 2 response. Methods. Type 2 pulmonary inflammation was induced by intranasal treatment of PLZF null mice and wild-type littermates with either the protease papain, the cytokine IL-25, or saline for 3 days, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage, cellular isolation, and cytokine assays. PLZF null-wild type mixed bone marrow chimeras were generated to determine if the defects in the type 2 response were cell-intrinsic. Nippostrongylus brasilensis infection was used as a physiologic type 2 inflammatory stimulus. Results. While ILC2s were present in PLZF null mice, pulmonary eosinophilia and type 2 cytokine levels were both significantly reduced in response to papain, IL-25, or Nippostrongylus infection. Mixed chimera experiments indicated that these defects were intrinsic to ILC2s: fewer PLZF-null-derived pulmonary ILC2s were reconstituted and they were less able to produce type 2 cytokines, while eosinophils from wild-type or PLZF null mice responded comparably. Conclusion. Mice lacking PLZF have a defective type 2 immune response in response to various stimuli, due to impaired ILC2 effector function.
Hay chicas a las que les gusta tirar: los límites del feminismo punk en el Perú de los ochenta

Resumen es: Este articulo desarrolla una teoria de la politica feminista punk tal como surgio en Lima durante el tenso periodo de violencia politica en el que el Per...
The Performance of Acquisitions in the Real Estate Investment Trust Industry

This study examines the performance of acquisitions in the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) industry around the acquisition announcement and in the long-run. The results suggest that the acquiring REITs experience statistically significant negative abnormal returns while the target REITs earn statistically significant positive abnormal returns during the three-day period around the announcement. The long-run performance of the acquiring REITs is analyzed using size benchmark portfolios with the buy-and-hold, cumulative average and mean calendar time abnormal returns, as well as the Fama-French Three Factor Model. None of the other methods detect significant abnormal returns in the long-run with the exception of the buy-and-hold abnormal return. Further analysis shows that the long-run positive buy-and-hold abnormal return is consistent with an unexpected decline in cost of equity after acquisitions.
Excising stem samples underwater at native tension does not induce xylem cavitation

Xylem resistance to water stress-induced cavitation is an important trait that is associated with drought tolerance of plants. The level of xylem cavitation experienced by a plant is often assessed as the percentage loss in conductivity (PLC) at different water potentials. Such measurements are constructed with samples that are excised underwater at native tensions. However, a recent study concluded that cutting conduits under significant tension induced cavitation, even when samples were held underwater during cutting. This resulted in artificially increased PLC because of what we have termed a ‘tension-cutting artefact’. We tested the hypothesized tension-cutting artefact on five species by measuring PLC at native tension compared with after xylem tensions had been relaxed. Our results did not support the tension-cutting artefact hypothesis, as no differences were observed between native and relaxed samples in four of five species. In a fifth species (Laurus nobilis), differences between native and relaxed samples appear to be due to vessel refilling rather than a tension-cutting effect. We avoided the tension-cutting artefact by cutting samples to slightly longer than their measurement length and subsequent trimming of at least 0.5 cm of sample ends prior to measurement.
A Novel Nonanchoring Technique for Implantation of Paddle Leads in the Cervical Spine Under Conscious Sedation

Objectives Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) revision surgery remains common, with a negative impact on cost-effectiveness and outcomes. The primary goal of this report was to retrospectively study the need for revision surgery in a cohort of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-1) patients with newly implanted cervical surgical paddle leads, focusing on a method of implantation to reduce the need for revision surgery. Methods Fifteen patients underwent implantation of paddle SCS leads in the cervical spine with cervical laminotomies under conscious sedation for CRPS-1 from 2008 to 2012. Electrodes were not anchored and 11 of the electrodes were three-column paddle leads. A disinterested third party performed initial chart reviews, supplemented by subsequent telephone interviews. The need for revision surgery was the endpoint. A single surgeon performed all implants with a consistent method. Results There were no paddle electrode lead revisions required for suboptimal lead placement, fracture, migration, or infection at a median follow-up period of 22 months. Conclusions This study is the first to report on: 1) cervical electrode implantation with no anchoring; and 2) cervical paddle lead implantation (including three-column paddles) performed under conscious sedation. The specific method of nonanchoring of the paddle implants under conscious sedation may have contributed to low electrode lead revision rates.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Wire Antennas

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction GA Design of Electrically Loaded Wire Antennas GA Design of Three-Dimensional Crooked-Wire Antennas GA Design of Planar Crooked-Wire and Meander-Line Antennas GA Design of Yagi-Uda Antennas ]]>
Binocularly deprived cats: binocular tests of cortical cells show regular patterns of interaction

If an animal is prevented from receiving visual experience during an early developmental phase, pronounced dysfunctions are observed. Physiological tests reveal gross abnormalities in the striate cortex. Cells in visual cortex are either unresponsive of their response characteristics are erratic. Although fewer than normal numbers of binocular cells are found in cats reared with binocular lid suture, a population remains that can be activated by stimulation through either eye. We have studied cortical cells in binocularly deprived cats in order to specify monocular and binocular response characteristics. The primary hypothesis we have examined is that the abnormal response properties of these cells are a result of an irregular structure or substructure of the receptive fields. Kittens were binocularly lid- sutured soon after birth, and were studied physiologically at ages between 7 and 11 months. Standard techniques were used to record from single cells in striate cortex. Drifting gratings were presented to either eye or to both eyes together. In the latter case, the relative interocular phase was varied between the gratings so that the retinal disparity of the stimuli was changed. We confirmed the expected finding that most cells were either unresponsive or erratic in their response. Of the cells that responded, monocular tuning functions for orientation and spatial frequency of the stimulus were often irregular. However, even in these cases, binocular interaction patterns of cortical responses were nearly always highly regular and displayed phase- specific profiles. A model is presented that explains this finding and suggests how binocular deprivation may result in disorganized receptive- field structure.
Integrated smart actuator containing a monolithic coformed accelerometer

A general need exists for inexpensive finite-area transducer arrays which intrinsically combine acoustic or vibration sensing with area actuation. Such combination transducers are particularly needed in active sound and vibration control and smart-materials applications. Commercial areas of interest include advanced underwater, aerospace or robotic-sensing applications. To be economically attractive they must be relatively simple to manufacture from reasonable cost materials. One promising new technology for such applications is injection-molded 1-3 composite piezo- ceramics, pioneered by Material Systems Inc. This transducer material is well suited for use as the low-cost actuator component of such a smart actuator. The challenge of this study was to design an inexpensive accelerometer which could be injection molded along with the actuator as an interspersed array. This paper describes a monolithic accelerometer which is suitable for fabrication by injection-molding as an integrated co-formed actuator component. Experimental results are presented for actuator/accelerometer arrays and issues related to the design and use of accelerometers in close proximity to an actuator are discussed.
Effect of turbulence on ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

It is shown that in ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems for air disinfection, where turbulence completely mixes the flow in the directions perpendicular to the net flow direction, turbulence can also act to reduce the effectiveness of the system. This occurs when the longitudinal diffusion coefficient resulting from the turbulence is large enough to reduce the effective transit time of the air through the ultraviolet irradiation zone. At the same time, depending on the radiation fluence, UV kill rate parameter, diffusion coefficient, and flow rate, the longitudinal turbulent diffusion can also increase the effectiveness of the UVGI system. The appropriate combination of parameters for ascertaining whether turbulence reduces or increases UVGI effectiveness is derived.
EPA and DHA Exposure Alters the Inflammatory Response but not the Surface Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Macrophages

significantly reduced IL-6 secretion at both 6 h (67 and 72 %, respectively) and 24 h (69 and 72 %, respectively). MA or DHA treatment had no significant effect compared to vehicle on factors influencing cellular LPS recognition, including LPS-cell association, and cell surface expres- sion of TLR4, TLR4-MD2 complex, and CD14. These data suggest that membrane fatty acid profiles influence the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages, via mechanisms that occur downstream of TLR4 receptor activation. Abstract Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their respective enrichment in cell membranes have been negatively asso- ciated with atherosclerotic lesion development. This effect may be mediated, in part, by dampened inflammatory response of macrophages triggered by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. This study investigated the influence of membrane fatty acid profile on TLR4-mediated inflam- mation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cells pretreated with myristic acid (MA), EPA, DHA or vehicle control for 24 h were stimulated with ultra-pure LPS, a specific TLR4 ago- nist, for 6 or 24 h, corresponding to early and late stages of TNFα and IL-6 protein induction. Treatment signifi- cantly increased cell membrane MA, EPA, and DHA by 4.5-, 20.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively. MA significantly increased IL-6 secretion 6 h post-exposure to the fatty acid, but did not change TNFα secretion in response to any other treatment condition. EPA and DHA significantly reduced TNFα secretion by 36 and 41 %, respectively, in cells stimulated for 24 h but not 6 h. In contrast, EPA and DHA
Response Areas for Two Emergency Units

This paper gives a model in which two urban emergency service units such as fire engines or ambulances cooperate in responding to alarms or calls from the public in a specified region of a city. Given the home locations of the units and the spatial distribution of alarm rates, it is possible to specify which unit should respond to each alarm by defining a response area for each unit. The average response time to alarms and the workload of each unit are calculated as functions of the boundary that separates their response areas. The boundaries that minimize average response time and the ones that equalize workload are determined. Some boundaries can be dominated, in the sense that another boundary improves both workload balance and response time. The set of undominated boundaries is found.
New 'omics tools for fission yeast.

A new community resource for fission yeast offers genome-wide data on open reading frames (ORFs) and protein localization.
A geometric test-synthesis procedure for a threshold device

A Boolean function may be defined as a mapping from the vertices of an n -dimensional hypercube whose vertices are n -tuples of “1” and “−1” to (0, 1). A threshold function is then a Boolean functin whose “1” or “TRUE” vertices are separable from the “0” or “FALSE” vertices by a hyperplane. Using this geometric representation, one may show that a threshold device realization may be approximated as follows: Form the vector sum of the TRUE vertices. The components of the resultant vector can then serve as the weights. The threshold is approximated by 2 n −1 minus the number of TRUE vertices. If the function under consideration is a threshold function, the vector formed from the first approximation and the threshold may be repeatedly rotated until it converges on a position such that its components form an exact threshold device realization. A specific procedure for performing these rotations is given. If the Boolean function is not a threshold function, the procedure must oscillate. The procedure can thus be used both as a test and a synthesis procedure. Further, whether or not the function is a threshold function, the procedure can be stopped at any point to yield an approximation to a threshold device realization. The desirable features of this procedure are: (1), it is simpler than the usual procedure of solving a set of inequalities; and (2), it will yield approximate realizations.
Child abuse and neglect: assessment, treatment, and prevention, October 21, 2007.

Congres portant sur la protection de l'enfant face aux risques de violence physique et/ou sexuelle. Etude de la legislation en vigueur aux USA et comparaison avec les legislations europeennes, japonaises...Propositions pour une meilleure prise en charge de l'enfant dans l'avenir (role du therapeute, cout social...)
Cross-calibration of cluster mass-observables

This paper is a first step towards developing a formalism to optimally extract dark energy information from number counts using multiple cluster observation techniques. We use a Fisher matrix analysis to study the improvements in the joint dark energy and cluster mass-observables constraints resulting from combining cluster counts and clustering abundances measured with different techniques. We use our formalism to forecast the constraints in Ω DE and w from combining optical and SZ cluster counting on a 4000 sq. degree patch of sky. We find that this cross-calibration approach yields ∼2 times better constraints on Ω DE and w compared to simply adding the Fisher matrices of the individually self-calibrated counts. The cross-calibrated constraints are less sensitive to variations in the mass threshold or maximum redshift range. A by-product of our technique is that the correlation between different mass-observables is well constrained without the need of additional priors on its value.
Pseudopseudoseizures: conditions that may mimic psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.

Background Video electroencephalography (vEEG) has proven to be a valuable tool in the differentiation of pseudoseizures or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) from epileptic seizures. Clinicians should, however, be aware of a number of conditions that may be misdiagnosed as pseudoseizures. Objective To review a number of somatic conditions that can present with disturbances of consciousness and unusual motor activity without epileptiform findings on vEEG. Method We report a case of a young woman who presented with a number of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including episodic posturing and rhythmic movements. The absence of epileptiform findings on vEEG resulted in a diagnosis of conversion disorder with pseudoseizures. She was ultimately diagnosed with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) secondary to an ovarian tumor. AIE and other potential mimics of pseudoseizures are discussed. Results A number of somatic conditions can present with symptoms that may be misinterpreted as pseudoseizure.
Search for a mass 550 particle

The mass of sea level cosmic ray particles has been determined from simultaneous measurements of range, momentum, and Cerenkov light. No resolved measurements around 550 me accompanied 448 stopping μ-mesons. The likelihood of not resolving a bona fide mass 550 particle is estimated to have been not greater than 10%.
EARTH DAM-FOUNDATION INTERACTION DURING EARTHQUAKES

Several significant parameters that could affect interaction in a dam-foundation system are discussed. These parameters are: (1) Fundamental periods of the dam and the foundation layer. (2) Lateral extent of the dam. (3) The material properties of the dam and the foundation layer. Five cases are analysed to illustrate the influence of these parameters on interaction. An interaction ratio, R1, relating the response of the dam-foundation system at the base of the dam to the free field response is introduced and interaction effects are expressed in terms of this ratio; the smaller this ratio, the less are the interaction effects. For very small values of R1, it is shown that the dam-foundation system could be decoupled The results of the studies presented in the paper suggest that the interaction effects cannot be uniquely related to either the ratio of the period of the dam to the period of the foundation layer, or to the material properties of the dam and foundation layer. However, for the limited number of cases investigated, the interaction effects were found to be uniquely related to the ratio D/B, where D is the depth of the foundation layer and B is the width of the dam section. For values of D/B less than unity, strong interaction effects were obtained and the dam-foundation system could only be analysed as a coupled system. For values of D/B greater than unity, the interaction appeared negligible and the dam and its foundation layer could be decoupled. It should be noted, however, that for very small values of D/B the interaction effects would decrease becaase as D approaches zero, there would be no interaction The use of the interaction ratio, R1, and the parameter D/B should aid in assessing the need for analysing the response of the dam-foundation as a coupled or as a decoupled system.
The Risks and Benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology: Can Scientific and Public Talk Meet?

This article outlines the direction and tenor of two distinct discourses on agricultural biotechnology. Scientific talk about biotechnology must be seen in the historical context of the status give...
A Method for Designing an Instrument System Controller

A systematic approach to designing a controller for a scanning cytophotometer is described. The approach, applicable to most instrument control requirements, is used to ensure that the various instrument subunits will operate together as a reliable system and that the system itself will operate reliably with other external systems such as computers. The instrument functional objectives are developed through a series of steps into a logic diagram that is easily implemented in hardware. This approach is most suitable to instruments that must perform a sequence of automatic operations on command. It may be used independently or with a microprocessor to provide both fixed and programmable capability in instrument control.
Exercising the Recovery Phase: Taking the Next Step

ABSTRACT All responses reach a phase in which the primary concern shifts from protecting life and property by controlling and mitigating the incident to recovering from the incident and restoring a...
Affect, behavioural schemas and the proving process

In this largely theoretical article, we discuss the relation between a kind of affect, behavioural schemas and aspects of the proving process. We begin with affect as described in the mathematics education literature, but soon narrow our focus to a particular kind of affect-nonemotional cognitive feelings. We then mention the position of feelings in consciousness because that bears on the kind of data about feelings that students can be expected to be able to report. Next we introduce the idea of behavioural schemas as enduring mental structures that link situations to actions, in other words, habits of mind, that appear to drive many mental actions in the proving process. This leads to a discussion of the way feelings can both help cause mental actions and also arise from them. Then we briefly describe a design experiment-a course intended to help advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate mathematics students improve their proving abilities. Finally, drawing on data from the course, along with several interviews, we illustrate how these perspectives on affect and on behavioural schemas appear to explain, and are consistent with, our students' actions.
Anisindione: a new anticoagulant with unusual properties.

Abstract 1. 1. Anisindione (2-p-Anisyl indandione—1, 3) is an anticoagulant of the indandione type. It was given to 52 patients with vascular disease, but not always the thromboembolic type, for a total of 1,198 days. It leads to an initial rapid fall in prothrombin activity and reaches a therapeutic level within 36 to 72 hours. 2. 2. The therapeutic level can be maintained rather uniformly by 1 dose of the drug every third day. 3. 3. The individual response to a given dose of the drug is unusually uniform. 4. 4. The effect of the drug can be rapidly interrupted by the use of phytonadione (Mephyton). The anticoagulant effect can be restored rapidly by remedication. 5. 5. Maintenance doses of the drug retain the anticoagulant effect previously established with Dicumarol. 6. 6. Side reactions were noticeably absent in this group. There were 3 instances of hematuria, 1 occurring at a therapeutically desirable level, 1 in a case with a renal calculus, and 1 at a purposely induced very low prothrombin activity. There was no chromaturia, petechiae, agranulocytosis or liver damage.
Diagnostic dilemmas in pulmonary cytology.

BACKGROUND Diagnostic difficulties in pulmonary cytology may be compounded by other medical problems, lack of pertinent information, and the presence of rare tumors. In the current study, the authors describe six cases of lower respiratory tract cytology that presented particular diagnostic challenges or pitfalls. METHODS Three lung fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) from three patients, four bronchoalveolar lavages from two patients, and one bronchial washing from one patient, each with histologic confirmation, were reviewed. Cytologic material included direct smears, ThinPrep® slides, and cell blocks. Cytologic findings were compared with established cytologic criteria for each final diagnosis. RESULTS Two cases with Aspergillus infection that demonstrated reactive atypical cells were misinterpreted as squamous cell carcinoma and nonsmall cell carcinoma. Two cases diagnosed as significant atypia and negative, respectively, subsequently were found to show bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (as well as lymphangioleiomyomatosis, which was suspected clinically) and bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, respectively. One lung FNAB from a patient subsequently confirmed to have bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP) showed reactive pneumocytes that initially were misinterpreted as being suspicious for carcinoid. These reactive pneumocytes were identified histologically in the area of BOOP. The last case was an FNAB of a well differentiated fetal-type adenocarcinoma, an unusual variant of adenocarcinoma that to the authors' knowledge rarely is described in the cytology literature. CONCLUSIONS Cytomorphologic features of lower respiratory tract pathology combined with appropriate clinical information and diagnostic discretion usually allow accurate diagnoses and should decrease both false-positive and false-negative result rates. Clinical information and radiologic findings may be invaluable, but may not always parallel the cytologic diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2001;93:364–75. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Lead acetate as chromogenic reagent for anthocyanins

Abstract The color changes produced by treating anthocyanins on filter paper chromatograms with neutral and basic lead acetate are described. An ethanolic solution of neutral lead acetate is proposed as a chromogenic reagent to detect anthocyanins which contain a catechol group. The reaction with lead acetate is faster and the color change is more definite than that produced by AlCl 3 .
Oscillatory zoned fayalitic olivine from the Lewis Cliff 90500 CM2 meteorite

Abstract A grain of fayalitic olivine with oscillatory Fe-rich and Fe-poor zoning occurs in the Antarctic Lewis Cliff 90500 CM meteorite, suggesting reaction via diffusion. This grain is continuously enclosed by a fine-grained rim ranging from 20 to 100 μm in thickness. Phyllosilicates and other hydrous phases occur at three broken edges of the grain as well as within its surrounding rim, suggesting in situ alteration via aqueous processes. This olivine grain plus its rim provides evidence for both anhydrous reaction that predated the accretion of the meteorite parent body and hydrous alteration that presumably occurred on the parent body.
Zeolite-based catalysts for chemicals synthesis

A survey of the types of active sites and reaction chemistries possible with zeolite-based catalyst systems is presented. Several trends in zeolite catalysis for chemicals synthesis are enumerated and suggestions for work provided. Two emerging areas of zeolite catalysis for fine chemicals preparation, namely, extra-large pore zeolite catalysts and chiral zeolite catalysis, are described.
Rethinking the Generation Gap: Age and Agency in Middle-Class Kolkata

The popular and scholarly generation gap idiom implies that social change is instigated by the young while the old remain fixed in time and culture. In fact, it is inadequate to think of the young as the primary locus of social change. By examining the lives of older Indians from Kolkata who moved out of extended family homes and into elder residences and nuclear-family-style apartments, I learned that prevalent models of generation and social change fail to capture the complexity of the lives and perspectives of the older generation and the workings of social-cultural transformation.
Deaths from stroke in US children, 1979 to 1998

Background: Studies have documented declining mortality from stroke in adults over the past two decades, with black adults at greater risk of death from stroke than whites in all years. As these findings have been attributed to control of stroke risk factors that are less important in children, trends and demographics of childhood stroke mortality are of interest, but have not been explored. Methods: The authors analyzed death certificate data for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH] and intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH]) in children under 20 years of age in the United States for the years 1979 through 1998, covering approximately 1.5 billion person-years. Results: Childhood mortality from stroke declined by 58% overall, with reductions in all major subtypes (ischemic stroke decreased by 19%; SAH, by 79%; ICH, by 54%). Black ethnicity was a risk factor for mortality from all stroke types (relative risk 1.74 for ischemic stroke; 1.76 for SAH; 2.06 for ICH; p p p p = 0.76). Conclusions: Mortality from stroke in US children has decreased dramatically over the last 20 years. Black children are at greater risk of death from all stroke types than are white children. As control of known stroke risk factors is unlikely to account for declining stroke mortality and ethnic differences in children, unrecognized stroke risk factors may be important.
Vertically oriented graphene sheets grown on metallic wires for greener corona discharges: lower power consumption and minimized ozone emission

Vertically oriented graphene-coated metallic wire is used as a corona discharge electrode. The discharge starts with a ‘graphene discharge stage’ and then transits to a ‘wire discharge stage’. Compared with conventional practice employing macro- or micro-sized electrodes, discharges from graphene sheets feature lower power consumption and significantly reduced ozone emission.
Controlled and Programmable Drug Delivery Using a Self-Powered MEMS Device

Controlled and targeted drug delivery systems have gained a lot of interest as they offer numerous benefits such as precise dosing, reduced side-effects and increased patient compliance. We have designed a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) drug delivery device that is capable of releasing drugs in a controlled and programmable manner. This self-powered device does not require any external stimulation or control to achieve pulsatile release of drugs. The device consists of multiple reservoirs containing the drug embedded together with a water-swellable polymer. The swelling of the polymer upon contact with water and the resulting pressure generated is used as an actuation mechanism to release drugs from each reservoir. The programmable release of the drug from the device is achieved by controlling the diffusion rate of water from the surrounding environment into each reservoir. The drug is released from the reservoir when the swellable polymer absorbs water from the environment and generates enough pressure to break an overlying rupturable membrane. We have demonstrated that controlled and pulsatile drug delivery can be achieved using this delivery device, without any external power or control.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Investigating Alternatives to Traditional Insecticides: Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacillus thuringiensis Against Citrus Thrips and Avocado Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

ABSTRACT Citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a plant-feeding pest most widely recognized for causing damage to citrus (Citrus spp. L. [Rutaceae]) and mango (Mangifera indica L. [Anacardiaceae]) fruits. This insect has recently broadened its known host range to become a significant pest of California grown blueberries. Avocado thrips, Scirtothrips. perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a recent, invasive pest of California avocados , Persea americana Mill. (Laurales: Lauraceae). Effective alternatives to traditional pesticides are desirable for both pests to reduce impacts on natural enemies and broaden control options in an effort to minimize pesticide resistance via rotation of control materials. We evaluated Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. israelensis proteins (Cyt 1A and Cry 11A, activated and inactivated) and multiple strains (GHA, 1741ss, SFBb1, S44ss, NI1ss, and 3769ss) of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against both species. Avocado thrips an...
Optimal injection velocity profiling

Recently, manufacturers of thermoplastic injection moulding machines have developed controllers with programmable velocity control. The speed of the ram can typically be varied in as many as ten zones during the injection process to establish a velocity profile. This velocity profile however, is determined by trial and error. Some controller manufacturers have made claims about injection velocity profiling, however, actual experimental data is not available to confirm them. In this paper, some experiments were conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of these claims. The results of these experiments indicate that injection velocity control has little effect on reducing or eliminating the problems for which the claims are made.
Inhalational administration of cocaine in sheep

A pipe for administration of inhaled cocaine and its pyrolytic products in laboratory animals was developed and tested. In-vitro trials showed 30.0 +/- 5.2% (mean +/- SE) recovery of cocaine in solvent. Five non-pregnant ewes were instrumented with tracheal T-tubes and vascular catheters. After surgical recovery, ewes received three doses of cocaine (free base) in a randomized fashion; 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg both by inhalation, and 2 mg/kg intravenously. Arterial blood samples were collected and assayed for cocaine and its major metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography. Blood pressure and heart rate were continuously recorded. Cocaine administered by inhalation was eliminated with a half-life of 1.6 +/- 0.5 min (mean +/- SE) compared to 3.4 +/- 0.9 following intravenous administration (p less than 0.03). Likewise, clearance values were greater following inhalation, 5532 +/- 1756 ml/min/kg, than following intravenous administration, 163 +/- 20.6 ml/min/kg (p less than 0.04). Both routes of administration led to significant elevations in blood pressure, 7.5% increase after smoking vs 20% increase after intravenous administration. No correlation was found between inhalational dose of cocaine and peak plasma cocaine concentration.
Congenital rubella and the antibody response thereto

The teratogenic potential of rubella virus has been recognized since the report of Gregg (1); however, the mechanism whereby this virus exerts its deleterious effect on the fetus has remained undefined. The studies to be presented were undertaken before and during rubella epidemics in the spring of 1963 and 1964 in the Boston area, primarily to obtain information regarding the virologic and serologic status of the human fetus following maternal rubella. Rubella neutralizing ant ibody content in the sera of children with the rubella syndrome and of appropriate controls was determined (see Table 1) (2). The results demonstrate tha t a sustained antibody response may follow intra-uterine exposure to rubella virus, thus enabling retrospective serologic diagnosis in young children afflicted with rubella stigmata, at least in inter-epidemic periods. Further, as also demonstrated by Plotlcin et al. (3), the findings indicate that immunologic tolerance is not a feature of congenital rubella infections. These observations imply the persistence of rubella antigen until the period of immunologic competency, or that the first tr imester human fetus is immunologieally competent to rubella virus antigen.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subsequent Substance Abuse in a Sample of Sexual Offenders: Implications for Treatment and Prevention

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of substance abuse indicators in a sample of male sexual offenders (N = 679) and to examine the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the likelihood of substance abuse outcomes. Half of these sex offenders reported a history of drug or alcohol abuse, and nearly one in five reported a substance-related arrest. Higher ACE scores were associated with endorsement of a greater number of substance-abuse-related problems, suggesting that accumulation of early trauma may increase the likelihood for substance misuse. By enhancing our understanding of the frequency and antecedents of dynamic risk factors such as substance abuse, we can better devise clinical interventions that respond to the comprehensive needs of sexually abusive individuals and reduce risk for sexual reoffense. As well, early interventions for at-risk families and maltreated youth may interrupt their trajectory toward adulthood substance abuse and criminal behavior, inc...
Reverse-phase phosphoproteome analysis (RPMA) of signaling pathways induced by HTLV-1 infection

Phosphorylation plays a key role in regulating many signaling pathways. Cell fate decisions in response to extracellular agents, including pathogenic invaders, are commonly mediated by phosphorylation-regulated signaling cascades that transduce signals into stimulus-specific actions, such as changes in gene expression pattern. Here we utilized a novel approach where we infected cells with HTLV wild type and mutant clones and analyzed the phosphorylation status of the cells. For phosphoproteomic analysis the cell lysates were printed onto nitrocellulose membrane slides. Each slide was then probed with one of 360 different antibodies specific against phosphorylated or total forms of signaling proteins. The antibodies were selected to monitor the molecular networks involved in host responses most likely affected by virus exposure, namely survival, apoptosis, inflammation, growth, differentiation, and immune response. This RPMA technique was extensively validated in our previous studies with regard to specificity of antibodies, sensitivity, and accuracy of phosphoprotein detection in cell lysates. Changes in NFkB, SAP/JNK, ERK and AKT and against phosphorylated form of p-38 and PTEN will be discussed.