cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Moving Cycle: A Second Generation Dance/Movement Therapy Form

In the early 1980s, Christine Caldwell began developing a form of dance/movement therapy (DMT) she named the Moving Cycle. Premised on the notion that movement principles themselves could form the theoretical base and clinical strategies of healing, she began teaching this form to students at Naropa University in the 1980s, where training continues to this day. This article introduces the history as well as the theory and practice of this second generation form of DMT, and compares it to traditional forms of DMT. The article also centralizes the Moving Cycle’s valuing of precise movement sequencing, movement continuums, social justice, and the mapping of biological processes onto psychological states.
Vibration Analysis and Design of a Monumental Stair

Walking or running up and down a stair may result in vibrations that can be annoying to people. In extreme cases the large movements of a stair may promote the feeling that the structure is not safe. In recent years, a trend has appeared in architecture to design monumental stairs with slender structural components and few supports. This has resulted in structures with low natural frequencies and effective mass, which may become susceptible to large levels of vibrations. This paper presents a brief overview of the past research on the issues related to the vibration serviceability of staircases. In addition, it provides the details of the structural analysis and design of a monumental stair located in an art museum. A computer model for the vibration analysis and various design modifications was created. Since the design to resist the static loads resulted in low natural frequencies, it was believed that the structure is susceptible to large vibrations. Several modifications to the original design of the structure were made, which included the exclusion and inclusion of the non-structural elements; addition of steel risers; introduction of steel plates, vertical and diagonal members between the top and bottom chords of the stringers; and changing the boundary conditions. The main objective was to increase the natural frequencies of the structure such that human movements could not excite the main modes of vibration and, therefore, the stair response will remain within the acceptable range. The vibration response when people walked at normal speed, briskly, and running down the stair were analytically estimated. These results showed that the stair movements were within the acceptable range when individuals descended the stair at the normal pace. Based on the review of the existing literature, vibration serviceability of staircases require further research to provide guidelines for designers to more accurately predict and evaluate their dynamic performance when subjected to human movements.
Congestive heart failure caused by transvenous pacemaker lead prolapse and associated right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a dog

A 16-year-old dog was presented for cough as well as increased respiratory rate and effort three years after implantation of a single-lead transvenous artificial pacemaker system. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiography disclosed prolapse of the pacemaker lead into the main pulmonary artery, causing severe pulmonary insufficiency and right-sided volume overload. Repositioning of the pacemaker lead led to improvement of pulmonary insufficiency and resolution of the dog's clinical signs and cavitary effusions. This case describes a late complication of pacemaker implantation that may be avoided by appropriate use of the manufacturer-provided anchoring sleeve and avoidance of excessive lead redundancy.
Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec®) Is Active in Relapsed/Refractory Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia: Planned Interim Results of WMCTG Clinical Trial 05-140.

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia is a B-cell disorder characterized by the infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPC) in the bone marrow (BM), along with an IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Characteristic of WM is an increased number of mast cells (MC) which are found in association with LPC, and stimulate LPC growth through several TNF-family members including CD40L, APRIL and BLYS (Ann Oncol17:1275; Blood104:917A). As such, we have targeted MC in WM. One important growth and survival factor for MC is stem cell factor (SCF), which signals through CD117. Imatinib mesylate blocks SCF signaling through CD117, and induces apoptosis of WM BM MC and LPC, both of which highly express CD117 (Blood2004; 104:314b). As such, we performed this Phase II study of imatinib mesylate in patients with relapsed and refractory WM. Intended therapy consisted of imatinib mesylate which was initiated at 400 mg po qD over the first month, and subsequently dose escalated to 600 mg po qD for up to 2 years. Dose de-escalation to 300 mg po qD was permitted for toxicity. Thirteen patients were enrolled and are eligible for evaluation at interim analysis. Median age was 64 (range 53–80 years), and median prior therapies was 2 (range 1–5). Nine and four patients had relapsed and refractory disease, respectively. Following a median of 3 months of therapy, median serum IgM levels for all evaluable patients declined from 3190 (range 763–8130 mg/dL) to 2095 (range 695–7340 mg/dL) at best response (p=0.009). On an intent to treat analysis, 6/13 (46.2%) of patients attained a ≥25% decrease in serum IgM. Responses were prompt, and occurred at a median of 2.5 months. Overall, therapy was well tolerated with ≥grade 2 toxicities as follows: anemia (n=4); edema (n=3); hyperglycemia (n=2); leukopenia (n=2); thrombocytopenia (n=1); neutropenia (n=1); and resulted for 4 patients in dose modification (n=4) or treatment cessation (n=3). The interim results of this study demonstrate that imatinib mesylate is an active and well-tolerated salvage therapy for WM.
Guest Editors’ Introduction to the FIRE Special Issue on “The Place and Future of Comparative Education in Teacher Education”

Guest Editors’ Introduction to the FIRE Special Issue on “The Place and Future of Comparative Education in Teacher Education”. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201603011124
Abstract SY20-01: Conventional chemotherapy cures people by exploiting apoptotic priming

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Conventional chemotherapy has an amazing track record that is often under-appreciated in today's world of genomics and targeted pathway inhibitors. Conventional chemotherapy is responsible for curing millions of cancer patients over the past 5 decades. That is, millions of patients have presented to their doctors with an otherwise fatal malignancy, were given a finite course of chemotherapy (largely DNA and microtubule perturbing agents) and had their cancer eradicated, never to return. Perhaps as remarkable as the magnitude of the achievement of conventional chemotherapy is the magnitude of our ignorance of why it should ever work, and why it works far better in some tumors than in others. Textbook explanations rely on concepts of differential proliferation rates in cancers that are incompletely supported in the clinical literature. Successful chemotherapy treatments usually kill via the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. We have found that simple functional measurements of the pre-treatment state of the tumor cell can be rapidly made with BH3 profiling. These measurements demonstrate that a major, if not the major, reason for a therapeutic index for cancer chemotherapy is that chemo-sensitive cancer cells are simply more primed for apoptosis than normal cells. Moreover, apoptotic priming can be measured to make clinical predictions regarding quality of response on an individualized basis. Enhancing pretreatment priming of cancer cells with selectively acting targeted agents is a promising strategy to extend the demonstrated curative power of conventional chemotherapy. Citation Format: Anthony G. Letai. Conventional chemotherapy cures people by exploiting apoptotic priming. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-SY20-01
Ribavirin Treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Immunocompromised Hosts

Intro : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that can cause infection in the immunocompromised population.. In patients with hematologic malignancies, mortality rates have ranged from 7% to 83%. Most studies have focused on allogeneic stem cell transplant patients; however, those that have studied hematologic malignancies have shown equivalent RSV related mortality rates. Mortality is seen in the setting of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and RSV progresses to lower respiratory tract infection in 40-50% of infected patients. In this study, we reviewed the charts of 35 immunocompromised, hospitalized patients diagnosed with RSV and treated with oral Ribavirin +/- IVIG to evaluate clinical outcome. Methods : A retrospective chart review was conducted on 35 patients who tested positive for RSV via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was collected between January 2010 and July 2016. These patients were treated with oral Ribavirin 10mg/kg loading dose on day 1, 400mg q8h on day 2 followed by 600mg q8h for the duration of the therapy from day 3 forward with or without IVIG 500mg/kg weekly as per treating physician. Results : The cohort consisted of 20 males and 15 females. There were13 allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, 1 autologous stem cell transplant patient, and 21 patients with hematologic malignancies actively undergoing chemotherapy. Thirty-three patients were tested via nasopharyngeal swab and two were tested via BAL. Twenty were diagnosed with LRTI and 15 diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Twenty one patients developed worsening hypoxemia with increased oxygen requirement. Two patients were intubated. Thirty patients were treated with Ribavirin and IVIG and 5 patients with Ribavirin alone. Sixteen patients started treatment within 2-3 days of positive RSV PCR and the rest began treatment after 3 days. All patients showed clinical improvement within 14 days of treatment. No patients died during the treatment period. Conclusion: In our cohort,oral ribavirin with or without IVIG was an effective treatment for RSV infection in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies. Further studies are needed to confirm this result. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A meta-analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for pneumococcal pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa.

AbstractBackground: Pneumonia causes an enormous burden of childhood disease globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Pneumococcus is the most common bacterial aetiology of pneumonia; however, antimicrobials are limited and may not adequately address the local epidemiology of the region.Aim: To undertake a review and meta-analysis of pneumonia studies in sub-Saharan Africa to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in childhood pneumonia.Methods: Articles published in PubMed and Google between 2006 and 2016 which evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of pneumococcal pneumonia in children in sub-Saharan Africa were identified. The source of specimens, pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility data were extracted. Pooled analysis of susceptible isolates was conducted using random effects models.Results: Children from 15 studies and 1634 isolates were included in the meta-analysis. In cases of childhood pneumonia, the mean overall proportion of penicillin susceptibility f...
Abstract TP408: The First 24 hours Post-Stroke: Improving Timeliness of Blood Pressure Monitoring and Neurologic Assessment Completion

Background: In 2014 ischemic stroke orderset changes were implemented, increasing the frequency of blood pressure (BP) monitoring and neurologic assessments. Considering the significant practice change and criticality of the assessments, performance surrounding these specific order changes was evaluated. Data from a five month period (Feb 2014-June 2014) revealed the correct number of assessments completed in the first 24 hours was 50% (median) for BP and 64% (median) for neurologic assessments. Purpose: Develop improvement initiative to increase adherence to stroke orderset monitoring frequencies. Methods: To discuss current workflows and identify barriers to performance a quality improvement session was held with representatives from bedside staff, Neuroscience Unit leadership, and the Quality Department. Three improvement areas were identified: awareness regarding time sensitivity of assessments, variance in role completing BP monitoring, and patient inaccessibility at assessment due time. Focus areas were shared with the unit-based committee for action plan development. To address timing of assessments and provide a means of consistent communication, a bedside checklist was developed. To address variance in role completing BP monitoring it was decided that RNs would complete BP monitoring during the first 24 hours considering it coincided with the completion of the neurologic assessment. To address patients being inaccessible at assessment due times, it was decided that assessments would be completed prior to anticipated appointments that would otherwise prevent adherence to monitoring requirements. Results: Data was collected monthly via electronic reports and manual chart review. After implementation of process improvement activities (July 2014-Mar 2015) the correct number of assessments completed in the first 24 hours was 94% (median) for BP and 96% (median) for neurologic assessments. Conclusions: Bedside staff was highly engaged in this process improvement work. RNs found the bedside checklist to be an effective means of managing the frequent assessments necessary in caring for an acute stroke patient. A data focused improvement initiative resulted in consistent adherence to stroke orderset monitoring frequencies.
33‐4: Panel Stress State Determines Light Leakage in Curved LCD

Substrate stress state determines the light leakage (LL) from dark state VA and IPS liquid crystal (LC) curved panels. Membrane stress creates VA but not IPS LL. Shear and bending stress create IPS but not VA LL. This result enables mitigation, design, and possibly new processes/components to enable non-traditional form factor LCDs.
Nomad: a framework for ensuring data confidentiality in mission-critical cloud-based applications

Due to their low cost and simplicity of use, public cloud services are gaining popularity among both public and private sector organisations. However, there are many threats to the cloud, including data breaches, data loss, account hijacking, denial of service, and malicious insiders. One of the solutions for addressing these threats is the use of secure computing techniques such as homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation, which allow for processing of encrypted data stored in untrusted cloud environments without ever having the decryption key. The performance of these techniques is a limiting factor in the adoption of cloud-based applications. Both public and private sector organisations with strong requirements for data security and privacy are reluctant to push their data to the cloud. In particular, mission-critical defense applications used by governments do not tolerate any leakage of sensitive data. In this chapter, we present Nomad, a framework for developing mission-critical cloud-based applications. The framework is comprised of: (1) a homomorphic encryption-based service for processing encrypted data directly within the untrusted cloud infrastructure, and (2) a client service for encrypting and decrypting data within the trusted environment, and storing and retrieving these data to and from the cloud. In order to accelerate the expensive homomorphic encryption operations, we equipped both services with a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based parallelisation mechanism. To evaluate the Nomad framework, we developed CallForFire, a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mission-critical defense application that can be deployed in the cloud. CallForFire enables secure computation of enemy target locations and selection of firing assets. Due to the nature of the mission, this application requires guaranteed security. The experimental results show that the performance of homomorphic encryption can be enhanced by using a GPU-based acceleration mechanism. In addition, the performance of the CallForFire application demonstrates the feasibility of using the Nomad framework to develop mission-critical cloud-based applications.
Hyperammonemia and proteostasis in cirrhosis.

Purpose of reviewSkeletal muscle loss or sarcopenia is a frequent complication of cirrhosis that adversely affects clinical outcomes. As skeletal muscle is the largest store of proteins in the body, proteostasis or protein homeostasis is required for maintenance of muscle mass. This review will focu
Sub-THz interconnect for planar chip-to-chip communications

This paper presents both microstrip line based and dielectric waveguide based sub-THz interconnect for high energy efficiency and high bandwidth density chip-to-chip communications. The data rates of microstrip line based interconnect with 0.06-dB/mm channel loss and dielectric waveguide based interconnect with 0.04-dB/mm channel loss are up to 12.2 Gb/s and 12.1 Gb/s, respectively. The highest energy efficiency and bandwidth density achieved are up to 0.32 pJ/b and 100 Gb/s/mm2.
Designing a Curriculum for Professionalism and Ethics Within Radiology: Identifying Challenges and Expectations

Although professionalism and ethics represent required competencies, they are more challenging than other competencies to design a curriculum for and teach. Reasons include variability in agreed definitions of professionalism within medicine and radiology. This competency is also framed differently whether as roles, duties, actions, skills, behavior, beliefs, and attitudes. Standardizing a curriculum in professionalism is difficult because each learner's (medical student/resident) professional experiences and interactions will be unique. Professionalism is intertwined throughout all (sub) specialties and areas and its teaching cannot occur in isolation as a standalone curriculum. In the past, professionalism was not emphasized enough or at all, with global (or no) assessments, with the potential effect of trainees not valuing it. Although we can teach it formally in the classroom and informally in small groups, much of professionalism is witnessed and learned as "hidden curricula". The formal, informal, and hidden curricula often contradict each other creating confusion, disillusion, and cynicism in trainees. The corporatization of medicine pressurizes us to increase efficiency (throughput) with less focus on aspects of professionalism that add value, creating a disjoint between what we do in practice and preach to trainees. Progressively, expectations for our curriculum include providing evidence for the impacts of our efforts on patient outcomes. Generational differences in the perception of professionalism and the increasingly diverse and multicultural society in which we live affects our interpretation of professionalism, which can add to confusion and misunderstanding. The objectives of this article are to outline challenges facing curriculum design in professionalism and to make suggestions to help educators avoid or overcome them.
Coalition and co-creation: the genesis of Archive Service Accreditation

AbstractThe recent creation of Archive Service Accreditation as a new standard for UK archives (2008–2013) is a major development in the archive and museum sectors, involving strategic and professional bodies across the home nations. This article explores the making of the new standard, revealing its close relationship with the UK’s long-running Museum Accreditation standard and the debate and deliberation that went into building a complementary scheme. The article revisits the original aims of Archive Service Accreditation, setting the context and chronology for the standard’s development during a time of major change for the archive and museum sectors. The innovative co-creation approach to writing the standard is explored, reflecting how this process shaped subsequent approaches to archives developments and what it revealed about professional worldviews. Most importantly, the article discusses key decisions and areas of difference which shaped the eventual approach to the standard, highlighting those a...
PULMONARY METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF ARENE OXIDES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pulmonary metabolism and excretion of arene oxides. Lung is a target organ for toxic environmental agents. This tissue is exposed to airborne materials and to substances carried in the bloodstream as the entire cardiac output passes through the pulmonary capillary bed. Measurement of pulmonary arene oxide metabolism, in vivo, is difficult because of the high rate of blood flow through the lung and the relatively low activity of this tissue. Results from the in vitro studies are difficult to interpret in terms of what happens in the whole organ because of the structural and organizational losses suffered during the preparation of sub-cellular fractions from the intact tissue. The chapter describes a study that investigates the causes of discrepancies in arene oxide metabolism seen when comparing results from perfused lungs with in vitro data.
Did or Could Seabirds “Halo” Pitcairn Island for Fletcher Christian?

How did Fletcher Christian, leader of the mutiny on the Bounty, find Pitcairn Island when the supposed location was 342 km west of its actual location? This study in applied historical geography explores whether seabirds were the potential navigational beacons pointing to the whereabouts of Pitcairn. Flight distances are drawn from seabird foraging range studies that employed Global Positioning System (GPS) with tracking devices. These data are used to construct foraging range buffers around Pitcairn and the other three islands of the Pitcairn Islands (Oneo, Henderson, and Ducie). The results indicate that seabirds effectively extend island sighting distance and perhaps guided Christian to Pitcairn Island.
What is ‘Global’ About Global Justice?

Global justice has become an important part of recent political philosophy across traditions. But most of it inevitably is local thought projected onto the world stage, the globe as seen from somewhere. But how can there be a genuinely global philosophy? What do different traditions of political thought have in common, and how can we think of them as contributing to the same agenda in a shared space of ideas, rather than different traditions taking note of each other in comparative spirit? This paper explores these questions, enlisting sociological world society theory for intellectual assistance.
Caring for the informal cancer caregiver.

Purpose of reviewInformal cancer caregivers play a vital role in the physical, functional, and emotional well being of cancer patients. However, the majority of informal caregivers are not prepared for their caregiving role. We reviewed and synthesized the recent literature (last 18 months) and focu
Breakfast Is Brain Food? The Effect on Grade Point Average of a Rural Group Randomized Program to Promote School Breakfast

Background Adolescents frequently miss breakfast which may impact cognitive, academic, and health outcomes. This analysis describes the effect of a trial to assess school level changes to increase breakfast consumption on grade point average (GPA). Methods Sixteen rural Minnesota high schools were randomized to a policy and environmental change intervention or delayed intervention (control) group. Baseline screening identified, randomly selected and enrolled 9th and 10th grade students who eat breakfast ≤3 times per school week for assessment. Mean unweighted GPA was provided by 13 schools for 636 students. Student-level and administrative data were used for sociodemographic and free or reduced-price meals (FRPM). Linear mixed models and latent class analysis (LCA) were used to assess change in GPA. Results Students were 54% female, 76% white, and 34% received FRPM. Unweighted cumulative GPA mean = 2.82 (0.78) at baseline. There was no significant intervention effect on GPA postintervention or 1-year follow-up. LCA revealed two classes: "higher" (N = 495) and "lower" (N = 141) resource. There was an intervention effect among low-resource students from baseline to 1-year post only among the control condition (delayed intervention). Conclusions In combination with the full study results, increasing breakfast consumption may have an impact particularly for low resource students.
Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports? Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China:

In this study, we explored the perception of sports based on gender norms in China. Applying social cognitive theory, we surveyed 423 Chinese respondents about their gender perceptions of 16 sports...
Voronoi Partition-based Scenario Reduction for Fast Sampling-based Stochastic Reachability Computation of Linear Systems

We address the stochastic reach-avoid problem for linear systems with additive stochastic uncertainty. We seek to compute the maximum probability that the states remain in a safe set over a finite time horizon and reach a target set at the final time. We employ sampling-based methods and provide a lower bound on the number of scenarios required to guarantee that our estimate provides an underapproximation. Due to the probabilistic nature of the sampling-based methods, our underapproximation guarantee is probabilistic, and the proposed lower bound can be used to satisfy a prescribed probabilistic confidence level. To decrease the computational complexity, we propose a Voronoi partition-based to check the reach-avoid constraints at representative scenarios, instead of the original scenarios. The state constraints arising from the safe and target sets are tightened appropriately. We propose a systematic approach for selecting these representative scenarios and provide the flexibility to trade-off the number of cells needed for accuracy with the computational cost.
REMARKS ON EXISTENCE THEOREMS FOR PARETO OPTIMALITY

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the existence theorems for Pareto optimality. Existence theorems for optimization problems with vector-valued cost criteria have been obtained by Cesari and Suryanarayana, where the cost-functional assumed values in a partially ordered Banach space. The chapter describes a weak extremum for a suitably bounded nonempty set. A stronger conclusion can be drawn in the case where the Banach space is finite dimensional; every extremum of the set of values of the functional is attained. If Ω is the admissible class, then for any Pareto extremum i, {x,u) | I(x,u) = i} is contained in Ω. This is in line with the notion of Pareto extremality found in mathematical economics. This chapter focuses on a case where the functionals take values in a Euclidean Space.
Influence of fuel ash on the recoverability of copper from the spent material of chemical looping combustion

Abstract Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an advanced energy production technology that inherently separates the CO2 generated. The oxygen needed for fuel conversion is supplied by the oxygen carrier. When using copper-based oxygen carriers, oxygen carrier attrition is a challenge to the process economics, unless the attrited copper that is mixed with fuel ash in the spent material can be recovered by, for instance, acid leaching. However, fuel ash may transform the attrited copper into certain complexes of low leachability (e.g., CuAl2O4), hindering the copper recovery. In this study, the copper content in the spent material was first evaluated. The effects of ash composition and copper content on the occurrence mode of copper in spent material were predicted by thermodynamic modeling. Redox cycles of simulated spent materials based on various coal ashes were performed to reveal the characteristics of CuAl2O4/CuFe2O4 formation. The CuO-Al2O3 reaction was investigated under the temperatures and solid residence times experienced in CLC. The materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results suggest that the fuel ash with a high Al/Ca ratio may lower the recoverability of copper when the temperature is above 925 °C. The slow formation of CuFe2O4 is not expected to affect the copper recovery.
Abstract A07: Activating mutations in uveal melanoma convey sensitivity to g-alpha q inhibition

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common intraocular malignancy, which represents about 5% of all melanoma cases per year in the United States. Half of all patients eventually develop metastatic disease, resulting in an average survival rate of six months and a five-year survival rate of ~15%. Recent studies have revealed the underlying genetic landscape of uveal melanoma but have not resulted in any therapeutic options to effectively treat UVM. UVMs harbor mutually exclusive activating mutations in GPCR signaling: ~90% in G-protein alpha q (Gq) subunits GNAQ/GNA11, ~5% in the GPCR CYSLTR2, and ~4% in a downstream effector. These mutations aberrantly activate canonical PLCβ signaling: cleavage of PIP2 into DAG and IP3, both of which lead to PKC activation. In addition to uveal melanoma, recent studies have shown this exact pathway to be activated in a subset of cutaneous and mucosal melanomas as well as other diseases like blue nevi, leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms (LMNs), and Sturge-Weber syndrome. My project focuses on understanding how Gq signals in UVM tumorigenesis and if Gq inhibition has therapeutic potential in UVM by addressing the following aims: 1) Using a highly specific Gq inhibitor, I will ask how Gq inhibition effects different activating mutations in UVM using representative in vitro models. I have generated melanocytes dependent on different mutations in the PLCβ pathway to study pathway inhibition and therapeutic efficacy. Based on my preliminary data I will also interrogate the mechanistic basis for Gq inhibition sensitivity in GNAQQ209L driven melanocytes. 2) Determining clinical potential of this drug by testing its pharmacologic properties in vivo. Using the melanocytes I have generated along with UVM cell lines and our GEMM, we will be able to thoroughly test the drug’s efficacy against a variety of xenografts. 3) Taking advantage of the ability to inhibit active Gq, I will aim to identify other pathways activated downstream of Gq using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches. This may provide alternative therapeutic strategies to target this recalcitrant disease. The outcome of this research will indicate the effectiveness of Gq inhibition in UVM as well as elucidate currently unknown signaling pathways essential for UVM tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Tyler D. Hitchman, Emilie Ceraudo, Amanda R. Moore, Alexander N. Shoushtari, Jasmine H. Francis, Youxin Guan, Juliet Chen, Matthew T. Chang, Barry S. Taylor, Thomas P. Sakmar, Thomas Huber, Ping Chi, Yu Chen. Activating mutations in uveal melanoma convey sensitivity to g-alpha q inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A07.
Does learner cognition count on modality? Working memory and L2 morphosyntactic achievement across oral and written tasks

This study investigates how working memory (WM) abilities are implicated in second language (L2) learners’ (a) morphosyntactic achievement and (b) perceptions of required mental effort and task difficulty under oral versus written task modality conditions. Beginning-level learners of L2 Spanish completed two computerized focused tasks in which they produced output and received feedback in oral form (Speaking group) or written form (Writing group). Two grammatical structures varying in their relative level of salience were targeted. After each task, participants rated their perceptions of mental effort required and task difficulty. Production and written and aural acceptability judgment tasks were employed to measure immediate and sustained L2 morphosyntactic achievement. Executive, phonological, and visuospatial WM abilities were gauged using automated operation span, nonword recognition, and forward Corsi block-tapping tasks, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that WM capacity was predictive of L2 morphosyntactic outcomes and task perception ratings in the Speaking group only. Specifically, phonological and visuospatial WM were associated with production and acceptability judgment performance accuracy, whereas executive WM was related to learners’ ratings of perceived mental effort. Differences were also observed based on the target structure.
Abstract 13919: Race and Gender Specific High Sensitivity Troponin-t Cutoff Values Improve Detection in Patients’ With Ischemic Heart Disease

Introduction: Death rates from acute coronary syndrome events (ASCE) are 30% higher in African Americans than in Caucasians. A potential reason for this disparity is the underdiagnosis of ACSE due ...
Planning for Happenstance: Helping Students Optimize Unexpected Career Developments.

Introduction Planning for and responding to happenstance is an important but rarely discussed part of the professional development of medical students. We noted this gap while conducting a study of...
At-risk marine biodiversity faces extensive, expanding, and intensifying human impacts

Human activities and climate change threaten marine biodiversity worldwide, though sensitivity to these stressors varies considerably by species and taxonomic group. Mapping the spatial distribution of 14 anthropogenic stressors from 2003 to 2013 onto the ranges of 1271 at-risk marine species sensitive to them, we found that, on average, species faced potential impacts across 57% of their ranges, that this footprint expanded over time, and that the impacts intensified across 37% of their ranges. Although fishing activity dominated the footprint of impacts in national waters, climate stressors drove the expansion and intensification of impacts. Mitigating impacts on at-risk biodiversity is critical to supporting resilient marine ecosystems, and identifying the co-occurrence of impacts across multiple taxonomic groups highlights opportunities to amplify the benefits of conservation management.
Lactose-Reduced Infant Formulas Are Over-Consumed Whereas Hypoallergenic Infant Formulas Are Not - When Compared to Medical Necessity

Objectives We aimed to report the macronutrient composition of powdered infant formula purchased from major US physical-location retailers from 2017 through 2019. We then compared the percentage of lactose-reduced and hypoallergenic powdered infant formula consumed with the estimated prevalence of infant conditions necessitating a lactose-reduced or hypoallergenic formula. We also compared the proportion of formula consumed that was lactose-reduced between WIC and non-WIC purchases.
Abscisic Acid-Mediated Responses in Seeds Involving Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

In this report we discuss recent developments in our work on PKABA1, an abscisic acid (ABA) upregulated protein kinase expressed in wheat seed embryos. We also describe other protein kinases, including ATCDPK1 and ATCDPK2, and Aspk9 and Aspk10; and a protein phosphatase, abi1, that have been linked to abscisic acid-mediated effects in seeds.
Contingently existing propositions

I argue that propositions are contingent existents. Some propositions that in fact exist might not have existed and there might have been propositions that are distinct from every actually existing proposition. This is because some propositions are singular propositions, which are propositions containing ordinary objects as constituents, and so are ontologically dependent on the existence of those objects; had those objects not existed, then the singular propositions would not have existed. I provide both a philosophical and technical understanding of the contingent status of propositions.
Improved but unsustainable: accounting for sachet water in post-2015 goals for global safe water.

The advent and rapid spread of sachet drinking water in West Africa presents a new challenge for providing sustainable access to global safe water. Sachet water has expanded drinking water access and is often of sufficient quality to serve as an improved water source for Millennium Development Goals (MDG) monitoring purposes, yet sachets are an unsustainable water delivery vehicle due to their overwhelming plastic waste burden. Monitoring of primary drinking water sources in West Africa generally ignores sachet water, despite its growing ubiquity. Sub-Saharan Africa as a region is unlikely to meet the MDG Target for drinking water provision, and post-2015 monitoring activities may depend upon rapid adaptability to local drinking water trends. La survenue et la propagation rapide de l’eau potable en sachet en Afrique de l’Ouest constituent un nouveau defi pour l’acces durable a l’eau potable mondialement. L’eau en sachet a augmente l’acces a l’eau potable et est souvent d’une qualite suffisante pour servir de source d’eau amelioree pour les objectifs de surveillance des Objectifs du Millenaire pour le Developpement (OMD). Mais les sachets sont un vehicule de livraison d’eau non durable en raison de leur charge ecrasante en dechets plastiques. La surveillance des principales sources d’eau potable en Afrique de l’Ouest ignore generalement l’eau en sachet malgre son omnipresence croissante. L’Afrique subsaharienne en tant que region est peu probable d’atteindre les cibles des OMD pour l’approvisionnement en eau potable et les activites de suivi apres 2015 pourraient dependre de la capacite d’adaptation rapide aux tendances locales pour l’eau potable. La aparicion y rapida expansion del agua potable envasada en bolsas en Africa Occidental presenta un nuevo reto en la provision de un acceso sostenible y global a agua segura. El agua en bolsa ha expandido el acceso a agua potable y es a menudo de suficiente calidad para servir como una fuente mejorada de agua para los propositos de monitorizacion de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM). Y sin embargo las bolsas son un vehiculo insostenible de agua potable debido a la inmensa carga de desechos de plastico que representan. La monitorizacion de fuentes primarias de agua potable en Africa Occidental generalmente ignoran el agua en bolsas, a pesar su creciente ubicuidad. Es improbable que la region del Africa subsahariana cumpla los ODM de abastecimiento de agua potable, y las actividades de monitorizacion posteriores al 2015 podrian depender de una adaptacion rapida a las tendencias locales en agua potable.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears to lack α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and encodes pyruvate dehydrogenase in widely separated genes

Summary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persists for prolonged periods in macrophages, where it must adapt to metabolic limitations and oxidative/nitrosative stress. However, little is known about Mtb's intermediary metabolism or antioxidant defences. We recently identified a peroxynitrite reductase-peroxidase complex in Mtb that included products of the genes sucB and lpd, which are annotated to encode the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) components of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH). However, we could detect no KDH activity in Mtb lysates, nor could we reconstitute KDH by combining the recombinant proteins SucA (annotated as the E1 component of KDH), SucB and Lpd. We therefore renamed the sucB product dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (DlaT). Mtb lysates contained pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which was lost when the dlaT gene (formerly, sucB) was disrupted. Purification of PDH from Mtb yielded AceE, annotated as an E1 component of PDH, along with DlaT and Lpd. Moreover, anti-DlaT antibody coimmunoprecipitated AceE. Finally, recombinant AceE, DlaT and Lpd, although encoded by genes that are widely separated on the chromosome, reconstituted PDH in vitro with Km values typical of bacterial PDH complexes. In sum, Mtb appears to lack KDH. Instead, DlaT and Lpd join with AceE to constitute PDH.
Firm size and R&D effectiveness

Abstract R&D activity has similar effects on the market value of small and large-scale firms. Using this criterion, size alone does not emerge as a prime determinant of R&D effectiveness.
Logic and Information

1. Logic 2. Information 3. Situation theory 4. Meaning and constraints 5. Some logical issues 6. Mental states 7. Perception and action 8. Situation semantics 9. Topics in situation semantics 10. Historical perspectives and future directions.
Incentive-centered design for information security

Humans are "smart components" in a system, but cannot be directly programmed to perform; rather, their autonomy must be respected as a design constraint and incentives provided to induce desired behavior. Sometimes these incentives are properly aligned, and the humans don't represent a vulnerability. But often, a misalignment of incentives causes a weakness in the system that can be exploited by clever attackers. Incentive-centered design tools help us understand these problems, and provide design principles to alleviate them. We describe incentivecentered design and some tools it provides. We provide a number of examples of security problems for which Incentive Centered Design might be helpful. We elaborate with a general screening model that offers strong design principles for a class of security problems.
Asset Allocation with Subsistence: The Role of Returns' Higher Moments

We prove that the total risk of a portfolio held by an investor with preferences described by a power utility with subsistence or a HARA utility, is a weighted sum of the covariances between the portfolio's return and higher-order powers of that return, shifted by the subsistence level. We show how the sensitivity of the allocation in the risky asset changes with respect to the parameters of the utility function under subsistence. And, we illustrate the implications of our analytical results by constructing an optimal portfolio of 40 hedge funds.
ENERGY, QUANTA, AND VISION

1. Direct measurements of the minimum energy required for threshold vision under optimal physiological conditions yield values between 2.1 and 5.7 x 10–10 ergs at the cornea, which correspond to between 54 and 148 quanta of blue-green light. 2. These values are at the cornea. To yield physiologically significant data they must be corrected for corneal reflection, which is 4 per cent; for ocular media absorption, which is almost precisely 50 per cent; and for retinal transmission, which is at least 80 per cent. Retinal transmission is derived from previous direct measurements and from new comparisons between the percentage absorption spectrum of visual purple with the dim-vision luminosity function. With these three corrections, the range of 54 to 148 quanta at the cornea becomes as an upper limit 5 to 14 quanta actually absorbed by the retinal rods. 3. This small number of quanta, in comparison with the large number of rods (500) involved, precludes any significant two quantum absorptions per rod, and means that in order to produce a visual effect, one quantum must be absorbed by each of 5 to 14 rods in the retina. 4. Because this number of individual events is so small, it may be derived from an independent statistical study of the relation between the intensity of a light flash and the frequency with which it is seen. Such experiments give values of 5 to 8 for the number of critical events involved at the threshold of vision. Biological variation does not alter these numbers essentially, and the agreement between the values measured directly and those derived from statistical considerations is therefore significant. 5. The results clarify the nature of the fluctuations shown by an organism in response to a stimulus. The general assumption has been that the stimulus is constant and the organism variable. The present considerations show, however, that at the threshold it is the stimulus which is variable, and that the properties of its variation determine the fluctuations found between response and stimulus.
Saturn Impact Trajectories for Cassini End-of-Mission

Potential end-of-mission scenarios to be considered for the Cassini spacecraft must satisfy planetary quarantine requirements designed to prevent contamination of a pristine environment, which could include Titan and the other Saturnian moons. One assumed acceptable option for safe disposal of the spacecraft includes Saturn impact trajectories. Two classes of impact trajectories are investigated: short-period orbits characterized by periods of 6– 10days and long-period orbitswithperiods greater than850days.To impact Saturnwith short-period orbits, a series of successive Titan flybys is required to increase inclination and decrease periapsis to within Saturn’s atmosphere, while simultaneously avoiding the rings and mitigating V expenditures. To ensure that the spacecraft is not prematurely damaged by material in the rings, Tisserand graphs are employed to determine when the ring-plane crossing distance is within the F–G ring gap: the necessary geometry for the penultimate transfer. For long-period impact trajectories, solar gravity is exploited to significantly lower periapsis. Depending on the size andorientation of the long-period orbit, a maneuver (<50 m=s) at apoapsis must be added to ensure impact. For sufficiently large orbits with favorable characteristics, solar gravity alone drops the spacecraft’s periapsis into Saturn’s atmosphere. No maneuver is necessary after the final Titan flyby, providing an attractive “flyby-and-forget” option.
Increased activation of Iba1+ microglia in pediatric epilepsy patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis compared with cortical dysplasia and tuberous sclerosis complex.

Abstract Microgliosis is prominent in Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), a disease with severe seizure activity. However, it is unclear if microglial activation is similar with different histopathologic substrates. Iba1-immunolabelled microglial activation was assessed in neocortex from pediatric epilepsy surgery patients with RE (n = 8), cortical dysplasia (CD; n = 6) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC; n = 6). Microglial reactivity was increased, in severely affected RE areas (29% labeling) compared with minimally affected areas of RE cases (15%) and cases of TSC (14%) and CD (12%). There was no qualitative association of Iba1 immunolabelling with the presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and no statistical association with clinical epilepsy variables, such as seizure duration or frequency. Iba1 appears to be an excellent marker for detecting extensive microglial activation in patients with RE. In addition, this study supports the notion that Iba1-labeled microglial activation is increased in patients with active RE, compared with cases of CD and TSC.