cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Last Closet: LGBTQ+ Studies and Social Class

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the intersection of queerness and social class as it impinges on the field of LGBTQ+ studies. Specifically, it considers some of the disciplinary aims of queer critique in relation to the challenges facing first-generation queer scholars; in so doing, it suggests how forms of difference operate in relation to the personal over time. As a discipline committed to intersectional frameworks, LGBTQ+ studies (and its ongoing evolution) might thus usefully foreground overlapping understandings of outsiderness: namely, how queerness might be experienced as a form of class, and how class might be experienced as a form of queerness.
AOVET: Humans Helping Animals

Some of the early AO-affiliated surgeons and entrepreneurs were animal lovers and owned both small and large animals, particularly horses. Among those, two stand out. First, there was August ‘Urs’ Guggenbuhl (1918–2009), a member of the G13 and chief surgeon of the regional hospital in Grenchen from 1957 to 1983. The Hospital Grenchen was also the place where Maurice Muller first took Robert Mathys, Sr. to observe surgeries. ‘Guggi,’ as his friends called him, had previously trained under Willenegger in Liestal, was a recognized dog lover and known to drive around with his many large dogs in the backseat of his Jaguar convertible. Disappointed with his local veterinarian’s surgical skills for dogs, he had set out on his own to teach AO surgical techniques to this veterinarian, at times even carrying out the surgeries himself.
Experimental Analysis of Laser Phase Noise Tolerance of Uniform 256QAM and Probabilistically Shaped 1024QAM

We experimentally compare laser linewidth tolerance of US-256QAM and PS-1024QAM. US-256QAM has higher achievable information rate (AIR) with <5% pilot symbol and 40 kHz linewidth, while PS-1024QAM realizes higher AIR than US-256QAM with narrower linewidth.
Residency program directors face challenges when giving recommendations for trainees

![][1] With their academic duty to disclose full and accurate information on medical trainees, residency program directors must understand their unique role and minimize liability risks. Post-graduate training programs represent a unique setting in which employment practices and
Enhancing the photoluminescence of SnS quantum dots by ZnS treatment

Abstract Near-infrared, nontoxic SnS quantum dot has been shown to be a good bioimaging probe. It was found that surface treatment by ZnS precursor solution improved the photoluminescence of the SnS by 19x without changing the emission wavelength. EDS and XPS showed that small amounts of ZnS was present on the surface of SnS particles, while TEM showed that the ZnS treatment caused the SnS particles to cluster leading to a redshift in the UV/Vis absorption spectra and the sharpening of XRD peaks. The suspension stability of the SnS/ZnS quantum dots was further improved with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid as a capping molecule.
Social Cohesion and Community Displacement in Armed Conflict: Evidence from Palestinian Villages in the 1948 War

Why do some communities flee their homes during armed conflict, while others remain and risk exposure to violence? This article investigates whether and how whole communities are forcibly displaced during armed conflict, which we refer to as evacuation. We focus on the form of forced displacement, differentiating between preemptive evacuation (prior to violence exposure) and violent evacuation (in response to violence exposure). We theorize that community social cohesion, by facilitating collective action, enhances communities’ ability to preemptively evacuate and escape violence. We test the theory in the context of the 1948 war in Mandate Palestine. We measure village evacuation drawing upon historical accounts of population displacement during the war and measure community social cohesion using an original village-level dataset based on new archival material from a survey of Arab Palestinian villages during the early 1940s. The findings shed new light on civilian agency in conflict and displacement processes and outcomes.
The dwarf galaxy population of the Coma cluster to M_R=-11

We present the luminosity function (LF) and measurements of the scalelengths, colours, and radial distribution of dwarf galaxies in the Coma cluster down to R=24. Our survey area is 674 arcmin^2; this is the deepest and most detailed survey covering such a large area. Our measurements agree with those of most previous authors at bright and intermediate magnitudes. The new results are: 1) Galaxies in the Coma cluster have a luminosity function that is steep (\alpha \sim -1.7) for -15 < M_R < -11, and is shallower brighter than this. The curvature in the LF at M_R \sim -15 is statistically significant. 2) The galaxies that contribute most strongly to the luminosity function at -14 < M_R < -12 have colours and scalelengths that are consistent with those of local dwarf spheroidal galaxies placed at the distance of Coma. 3) These galaxies with -14 < M_R < -12 have a colour distribution that is very strongly peaked at B-R = 1.3. This is suggestive of a substantial degree of homogeneity in their star formation histories and metallicities. 4) These galaxies with -14 < M_R < -12 also appear to be more confined to the cluster core (r \sim 200 kpc) than the brighter galaxies.
Fast-breathing vs chest-indrawing childhood pneumonia: baseline characteristics.

• Comparison of fast-breathing vs chest-indrawing community-acquired pneumonia. • Male and younger children appear more vulnerable to chest-indrawing pneumonia. • Understanding sex-, age-, and nutrition-related differences informs interventions.
Investigating Nationals of States Not Party to the Rome Statute for the Crime of Deportation - from Expulsion to Coercion

International criminal law is constantly evolving. The ability of the International Criminal Court (ICC) to exercise jurisdiction over nationals of States not party to the Rome Statute has increased in practice following the recent ICC Pre-Trial Chamber decision in the Bangladesh/Myanmar situation. What could this precedent mean for other situations currently outside the Court's reach? If atrocities in one place trigger a stream of refugees into a State Party of the ICC, could the Court claim jurisdiction, inferring indirect intent for deportation if those fleeing had no other option? Independent of the legal requirements to be fulfilled, would such an investigation be desirable if its scope is limited and if the State in question is not party to the treaty and thus under no legal obligation to cooperate? The Article explores the novelty of the Bangladesh/Myanmar precedent, provides a list of conditions to be met to charge deportation for indirect intent based on existing jurisprudence, and briefly applies the conditions to the situation in the Republic of South Sudan.
Interfacial compliance, energy dissipation, frequency effects, and long-term fretting corrosion performance of Ti-6Al-4V/CoCrMo interfaces.

Fretting corrosion in modular orthopedic implants is a well-documented process that may be associated with adverse local tissue reactions, pain, and revisions. Engineering modular junction interfaces to withstand applied fretting motion without surface abrasion could prevent implant degradation and surface damage. Previous work on geometrically modified Ti-6Al-4V/CoCrMo interfaces with increased compliance showed reduced fretting currents and surface damage during short term, variable-load in vitro testing. This study assesses the same interfaces under long-term conditions using an in vitro pin-on-disk fretting corrosion test apparatus. Preliminary variable-load frequency testing of typical control pin geometries showed a frequency-dependent current response, with underlying contact conditions of metal-metal interfaces that remained unchanged. One-million-cycle testing showed diminished fretting currents in all groups by 5 × 105 cycles, but consistently lower currents in the high-compliance group. Corresponding fretting currents and work of fretting measurements of high-compliance pins confirmed that minimal fretting was experienced at the interface, with elastic bending of the pin accounting for almost all applied displacement. Debris generated during testing were composed of titanium and chromium oxides, small amounts of cobalt and molybdenum oxides, and sodium and phosphate originating from the surrounding test solution. Post-test analyses of sample surfaces revealed substantially more surface damage on CoCrMo disks than Ti-6Al-4V pins, thought to be a result of adhesive wear of mixed oxide debris on the pin and abrasion of the disk by the oxide debris layer. Surface damage to high-compliance pins suggests some abrasion is unavoidable with geometric modifications.
Investigation of the Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing I: Influence of Process Temperature on the Quality and Crystallinity of the Dosage Forms.

With the advancements in cutting-edge technologies and rapid development of medical sciences, patient-focused drug development (PFDD) through additive manufacturing (AM) processes is gathering more interest in the pharmaceutical area than ever. Hence, there is an urgent need for researchers to comprehensively understand the influence of three-dimensional design on the development of novel drug delivery systems (DDSs). For this research, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing was investigated, and phenytoin (PHT) was selected as the model drug. The primary purpose of the current investigation was to understand the influence of AM process on the pharmaceutical products' quality. A series of comparative studies, including morphology, solid-state analysis, and in vitro drug release studies between additive manufactured filaments (printlets) and extruded filaments, were conducted. The FDM-based AM showed adequate reproducibility by manufacturing printlets with consistent qualities; however, the model slicing orientation significantly affected the print qualities. The texture analysis studies showed that the mechanical properties (breaking behavior) of additive manufactured printlets were varied from the extruded filaments. Additionally, the higher printing temperature also influenced the solid state of the drug where the process assisted in PHT's amorphization in the printed products, which further affected their mechanical properties and in vitro drug release performances. The current investigation illustrated that the AM process would change the printed objects' macrostructure over the conventional products, and the printing temperature and slicing will significantly affect the printing process and product qualities.
Understanding Frequency Response

(1975). Understanding Frequency Response. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 20-41.
Enigma of Multiple N-Linked Glycoforms of Prostate Specific Antigen

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an extensively studied glycoprotein with critical biological functions in reproduction and is an important biomarker for detection of prostate cancer. The central role of PSA in both areas has made it one of the most studied human glycoproteins. Structurally, it has a single site of N-glycosylation, making it an attractive target for characterization of the glycans attached to it in relation to disease and function. The methods used and results from the most extensive glycan structural studies are summarized. Cumulatively, these studies have identified a large number of structurally diverse glycans attached to the single glycosylation site of PSA, which has hindered assignment of specific glycan structures to be associated with only prostate cancer or other condition. The primary analytical tools used for these types of studies are high-resolution mass spectrometers. As this technology continues to evolve, and as more samples of PSA from individual patients are analyzed, it is expected that the functions of the numerous N-linked glycan structures present on the single glycosylation site of PSAwill emerge.
Quality Indicators Throughout the Modeling and Simulation Life Cycle

Different types of large-scale and complex modeling and simulation (M&S) applications are used in dozens of disciplines under diverse objectives such as acquisition, problem solving (analysis), education, entertainment, research, and training. Assessment of the quality of such M&S applications requires multifaceted knowledge and experience, and poses substantial technical and managerial challenges for researchers, practitioners, and engineers. The challenges can only be met by following a structured quality-centered approach throughout the entire M&S life cycle. This chapter presents dozens of quality indicators throughout the entire M&S life cycle. These quality indicators can be adopted to achieve success in a large-scale and complex M&S project.
CVD-diamond substrates for multi-chip modules (MCMs)

Diamond, the best thermal conductor known, is the ultimate choice as a substrate for three dimensional (3-D) multichip modules (MCMs) in the next generation compact, high power and high speed computers. It has only recently become available as a large area free-standing substrate fabricated using various chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. There are several challenges and technological hurdles which must be resolved before diamond based MCMs becomes a reality. At HiDEC, University of Arkansas, we are actively involved in 1) designing diamond substrate based MCMs, 2) synthesis of diamond thin films and substrates, 3) polishing and planarizing diamond substrates, 4) laser drilling of via holes in diamond and, 5) metallization and dielectric coatings on diamond substrates for multi-layer interconnects (MLI). This paper presents a critical review of novel technologies that have been/are being developed at HiDEC for the fabrication of diamond based MCMs.
Apparent increase in carrier affinity for intestinal calcium transport following dietary calcium restriction.

Abstract Rats fed a diet lacking calcium adapt to this deprivation by increased active transport of this ion across the intestine. When the characteristics of the transport system were analyzed in vitro by use of saturation kinetics, increased net absorptive calcium transport appeared to be the result of an increased affinity (decrease in Kt from 1.12 to 0.59 mm) rather than an increase in the capacity or Vmax of the transport process. Adaptation through substrate induction in yeast results in an analogous increase in carrier affinity for sugar transport by a linkage to metabolic energy. Such a mechanism could account for the lowered dietary calcium effect, however the authors suggest that rather than an actual change in carrier affinity a second molecule (such as intestinal calcium-binding protein) could also alter carrier-substrate equilibria and produce a decrease in the observed Kt if access to the carrier were rate limiting at low substrate concentrations and this second molecule increased access of substrate. This model is consistent with the changes in calcium transport system characteristics and calcium-binding protein levels under conditions of restricted dietary calcium levels.
City versus Countryside: Environmental Equity in Context

This Article takes an approach to the problem of environmental equity that is different from the remedies advocated by the leaders of the environmental equity movement. The plea that the benefits of environmental protection be extended to all groups in society is, of course, a legitimate one, but the movement is too narrowly focused and its aims are too modest. I dissent from the two central premises held by environmental equity advocates. First, the movement assumes that judicially recognized and enforced rights will lead to improved public health. Second, the movement asserts that disadvantaged communities should adopt a “Not in My Backyard” (NIMBY) strategy. In contrast, I argue that the current focus of the environmental equity movement, important as it is, is too narrow because the legal strategy of the civil rights movement is largely inapplicable to environmental issues. Environmental protection is not a rights-based movement. Thus, the judiciary’s role in promoting environmental quality is limited compared to its role in promoting racial justice through the recognition and enforcement of constitutionally-based civil rights. In addition, I argue that the NIMBY strategy is equally shortsighted. Environmental equity takes current environmental protection strategies as a given at a time when the science and ethics of environmental protection are undergoing a profound re-evaluation.
Enhancing connectivity for communication and control in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle networks

Wireless connectivity for communication and control in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) networks is very critical to accomplish an assigned task such as monitoring a given area. Because of dynamic mobility of UAVs, robust adaptive wireless connectivity for UAVs is crucial. In this paper, we analyze the connectivity for UAV networks that is based on density of UAVs, velocity of UAVs, angle of arrival, and transmission range used by UAVs. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using numerical results obtained from simulations.
Urban and Community Forestry Planning and Design

Most communities have not planned their urban forest; it has just happened. This does not mean that communities do not plan. Many communities have open space plans, park and recreation plans, and street tree programs. Very rarely, however, are these plans coordinated or comprehensive with respect to community forest resources.
Photon spin induced collective electron motion on a metasurface

Strong spin-orbit interaction can be induced by light-bending metasurfaces. We show that the photon spin momentum can be directly transferred to collective motion of electrons on a conductive metasurface with this interaction.
From a Monk in His Garden

Gregor Mendel: Planting the Seeds of Genetics . developed by the Field Museum, the Vereinigung zur Forderung der Genomforschung in Vienna, Austria, and the Mendel Museum in Brno, Czech Republic . The Field Museum, Chicago, through 1 April 2007. [www.fieldmuseum.org/mendel/][1] This relatively small exhibition uses artifacts from Mendel's life to place his work in context and interactive displays to help explain genetics. [1]: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/mendel/
Labor Induction & Augmentation

Editor's Note: The following is an excerpt from “Cervical Ripening: Labor Induction and Labor Augmentation”, a new monograph in the AWHONN Symposia series.
Self Healing Glass Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Glass sealants can be used to hermetically seal different components of a solid oxide fuel cell stack. One of the limitations of glass sealant is its inherent brittleness, which can be overcome by utilizing the ability of a glass to self heal at higher temperatures. At these temperatures glass can flow and fill the cracks developed during thermal cycling. In this study, a glass of suitable composition, expansion and flow characteristics is used to seal yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to a metal. The self healing behavior of these seals is demonstrated- Leak rate of these glass seals is measured at room temperature, higher temperatures and after thermal cycles.
Structure of the metal-ion-activated diphtheria toxin repressor/ tox operator complex

The virulent phenotype of the pathogenic bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae is conferred by diphtheria toxin, whose expression is an adaptive response to low concentrations of iron. The expression of the toxin gene (tox) is regulated by the repressor DtxR, which is activated by transition metal ions. X-ray crystal structures of DtxR with and without (apo-form) its coordinated transition metal ion have established the general architecture of the repressor, identified the location of the metal-binding sites, and revealed a metal-ion-triggered subunit-subunit 'caliper-like' conformational change. Here we report the three-dimensional crystal structure of the complex between a biologically active Ni(II)-bound DtxR(C102D) mutant, in which a cysteine is replaced by an aspartate at residue 102, and a 33-base-pair DNA segment containing the toxin operator toxO. This structure shows that DNA interacts with two dimeric repressor proteins bound to opposite sides of the tox operator. We propose that a metal-ion-induced helix-to-coil structural transition in the amino-terminal region of the protein is partly responsible for the unique mode of repressor activation by transition metal ions.
A potential role for annexin 1 as a physiologic mediator of glucocorticoid-induced L-selectin shedding from myeloid cells.

Glucocorticoids can dampen inflammatory responses by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment to tissue sites. The detailed mechanism by which glucocorticoids exert this affect on neutrophils is unknown. L-selectin is a leukocyte cell surface receptor that is implicated in several steps of neutrophil recruitment. Recently, several studies have shown that systemic treatment of animals and humans with glucocorticoids induces decreased L-selectin expression on neutrophils, suggesting one mechanism by which inflammation may be negatively regulated. However, when neutrophils are treated in vitro with glucocorticoids, no effect on L-selectin expression is observed. Thus, the existence of an additional mediator is plausible. In this study, we investigate whether annexin 1 (ANX1), a recognized second messenger of glucocorticoids, could be such a mediator. We show that ANX1 induces a dose- and time-dependent decrease in L-selectin expression on both peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes but has no effect on lymphocytes. The loss of L-selectin from neutrophils is due to shedding that is mediated by a cell surface metalloprotease (“sheddase”). Using cell shape and a β 2 integrin activation epitope, we show that the ANX1-induced shedding of L-selectin appears to occur without overt cell activation. These data may provide the basis for further understanding of mechanisms involved in the down-regulation of inflammatory responses.
In Vitro and in Vivo Cytotoxicity of an Anti-Osteosarcoma Immunotoxin Containing Pokeweed Antiviral Protein

Successful treatment of many patients with osteosarcoma requires more effective chemotherapy. Since new agents are needed, we have developed an immunotoxin using TP-3, an IgG2b mAb which recognizes human and canine osteosarcomas and budding capillaries of tumors. The plant hemitoxin, pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), was conjugated to TP-3 to produce an immunotoxin highly active against osteosarcoma. After 48 h no viable human OHS osteosarcoma cells were present in cultures containing TP-3-PAP as demonstrated by the absence of [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA. Furthermore, clonogenic assays indicated > 3.9 log kill of OHS at 18 h. The IC50 of TP-3-PAP against OHS was 3.5 +/- 1.0 (SD) x 10(-12) M. TP-3 mAb without PAP had no effect on OHS proliferation; PAP alone had no effect on OHS growth unless concentrations > 1000 pM were used. When TP-3-PAP (1.25 micrograms-10.0 micrograms) was given i.p. q.d. on days 3-5 after tumor inoculation, a dose-dependent reduction of the number of lung metastases was observed (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the TP-3-PAP immunotoxin may be useful in the treatment of osteosarcoma and some soft tissue sarcomas.
Difference infiltrometer: a method to measure temporally variable infiltration rates during rainstorms

We developed a difference infiltrometer to measure time series of non-steady infiltration rates during rainstorms at the point scale. The infiltrometer uses two, tipping bucket rain gages. One gage measures rainfall onto, and the other measures runoff from, a small circular plot about 0.5-m in diameter. The small size allows the infiltration rate to be computed as the difference of the cumulative rainfall and cumulative runoff without having to route water through a large plot. Difference infiltrometers were deployed in an area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, Colorado, USA, and data were collected during the summer of 2011. The difference infiltrometer demonstrated the capability to capture different magnitudes of infiltration rates and temporal variability associated with convective (high intensity, short duration) and cyclonic (low intensity, long duration) rainstorms. Data from the difference infiltrometer were used to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil affected by the heat from a wildfire. The difference infiltrometer is portable and can be deployed in rugged, steep terrain and does not require the transport of water, as many rainfall simulators require, because it uses natural rainfall. It can be used to assess infiltration models, determine runoff coefficients, identify rainfall depth or rainfall intensity thresholds to initiate runoff, estimate parameters for infiltration models, and compare remediation treatments on disturbed landscapes. The difference infiltrometer can be linked with other types of soil monitoring equipment in long-term studies for detecting temporal and spatial variability at multiple time scales and in nested designs where it can be linked to hillslope and basin-scale runoff responses. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Growth rate of two Taenia crassiceps strains

Abstract Comparative studies were conducted on the growth rate and reproductive potential in populations of normal and abnormal strains of larval Taenia crassiceps following intraperitoneal inoculation of nonbudding larvae into 2 1 2 -month-old female mice. Results indicate that after intraperitoneal inoculation, the abnormal (ORF) strain begins asexual exogenous budding sooner and then increases the population size much more rapidly than the normal KBS strain. In addition, the mean number of reproducing ORF larvae and the percentage of the total population they represent far exceeds that of the KBS strain after the 140-day duration of the experiment. Furthermore, the mean number of buds per reproducing ORF larva is 2 1 2 times greater than that of each reproducing KBS larva. Certain morphogenic anomalies associated with ORF larvae are also described. It is hypothesized that the abnormal morphogenic and reproductive characteristics of the ORF strain of larval T. crassiceps are the result of genetic mutation; current and future lines of study to support this hypothesis are mentioned.
On some representations of the Drinfel'd double ✩

For H a finite-dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero the induced representations from H and H ∗ to the Drinfel’d double D(H ) are studied. The product of two such representations is a sum of copies of the regular representation of D(H ). The action of certain irreducible central characters of H ∗ on the simple modules of H is considered. The modules that receive trivial action from each such irreducible central character are precisely the constituents of the tensor powers of the adjoint representation of H .  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
High-Power High-Linearity Modified Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiodes

We demonstrate a modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD) with a record-high third-order intercept point of 52dBm at 75mA and 300MHz. To further enhance the dynamic range we propose a monolithically integrated traveling wave MUTC-PD array.
An approach to estimating density from line transect data where the animals move in response to the observer

An approach is presented for estimating density from line transect data where the animals move away in response to the observer. This estimation method involves fitting the perpendicular sighting distances to the Weibull distribution. Estimates of the Weibull parameters are incorporated into the density estimate. When movement exists, even light movement, this method greatly outperforms the Fourier series estimator. It also outperforms the Fourier series estimator in some low density situations when there is no movement. The Weibull method shows promise for estimating density in the presence of movement and further development is planned.
Electric-Field Induced Harmonic Generation as a Probe of the Focal Region of a Laser Beam

The amount of optical second harmonic generated in a centrosymmetric medium in the presence of a dc electric field depends on a convolution of the optical and dc field distributions in space. Thus, measurements of the harmonic generation associated with a known dc field distribution gives information on the optical field distribution. This method has been used to investigate the focal region of a laser beam. It avoids difficulties with resolution and probe damage that arise when conventional methods are used near the focus. The detailed data are in excellent agreement with results predicted for a pure TEM00 laser beam with the notable exception that the effective confocal parameter is about a factor of 2 smaller than that indicated by conventional measurements. We believe this effect is associated with the truncation of the laser beam by the intracavity mode-selecting aperture, and indicates that dc induced second-harmonic generation constitutes a sensitive probe of experimentally interesting mode distortions.
Prophylactic Indomethacin to Prevent Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Decision Analysis. † 1339

Prophylactic Indomethacin to Prevent Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Decision Analysis. † 1339
Evaporative Heat Transfer From Ten-Micron Micro-Channels

Evaporative heat transfer from ten-micron square open-top micro-channels is investigated experimentally. The channels are fabricated by spinning ten microns of SU-8 on a two micron thick silicon membrane and using a photolithography process to create micro channels in radial and annular patterns. The working fluid, FC77, is pumped by capillary forces into the channels from a reservoir at the edge of the silicon membrane. Electrical power is dissipated in a thin-film heater in the center of the membrane. The liquid front of working fluid in the channels is visualized with a long-distance microscope and CCD camera. Sensible heat conducted radially out of the membrane is measured with two concentric annular PRT’s. The mass of working fluid evaporated from the micro-channels is determined gravimetrically. A global energy balance including latent and sensible heat transfer out of the system is then tabulated. The study shows that only five to ten percent of the power going into the membrane is carried away by evaporation while the remaining ninety to ninety-five percent of the power is conducted out along the membrane.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Cognitive functions of the basal forebrain

Studies of the function of the basal forebrain have focused on cholinergic neurons that project to cortical and limbic structures critical for various cognitive abilities. Recent experiments suggest that these neurons serve a modulatory function in cognition, by optimizing cortical information processing and influencing attention.
Surface Strains in the Looping Embryonic Chick Heart Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography

The heart is the first functional organ in the vertebrate embryo. In the chick embryo, the heart begins beating at Hamburger and Hamilton [1] stage 10 (approximately 35 hours of a 21-day incubation period). The initially straight heart tube bends and twists into a c-shaped tube before reaching stage 12 (approximately 48 hours incubation). This process, known as c-looping, marks one of the first visible signs of left-right asymmetry in the embryo. Incorrect looping is one cause of congenital heart defects, where significant malformations occur in roughly 1% of human live births [2]. Understanding the mechanisms that drive c-looping could lend insight into the processes causing some of these defects.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Effects of self-reported age at nonsurgical menopause on time to first fracture and bone mineral density in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

OBJECTIVE Menopause is a risk factor for fracture; thus, menopause age may affect bone mass and fracture rates. We compared bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture rates among healthy postmenopausal women with varying ages at self-reported nonsurgical menopause. METHODS We compared hazard ratios for fractures and differences in BMD among 21,711 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study cohort who had no prior hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or hormone therapy and had varying self-reported ages at menopause (<40, 40-49, or ≥50 y). RESULTS Before multivariable adjustments, we found no differences in absolute fracture risk among menopause age groups. After multivariable adjustments for known risk factors for fracture, women who underwent menopause before age 40 years had a higher fracture risk at any site compared with women who underwent menopause at age 50 years or older (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.44; P = 0.03). In a subset with BMD measurements (n = 1,351), whole-body BMD was lower in women who reported menopause before age 40 years than in women who reported menopause at ages 40 to 49 years (estimated difference, -0.034 g/cm; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.004; P = 0.03) and women who reported menopause at age 50 years or older (estimated difference, -0.05 g/cm; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.02; P < 0.01). Left hip BMD was lower in women who underwent menopause before age 40 years than in women who underwent menopause at age 50 years or older (estimated difference, -0.05 g/cm; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.01; P = 0.01), and total spine BMD was lower in women who underwent menopause before age 40 years than in women who underwent menopause at age 50 years or older (estimated difference, -0.11 g/cm; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.06; P < 0.01) and women who underwent menopause at ages 40 to 49 years (estimated difference, -0.09 g/cm; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.04; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the absence of hormone therapy, younger age at menopause may be a risk factor contributing to decreased BMD and increased fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women. Our data suggest that menopause age should be taken into consideration, along with other osteoporotic risk factors, when estimating fracture risk in postmenopausal women.
Inhibition of androgen action by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase transfected in PC-3 prostate cancer cells

Age-dependent loss of androgen sensitivity of the rat liver is associated with a marked increase in dehydroepiandrosterone/hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (rStd) activity. Sulfonated steroid hormones are known to be ineffective in binding receptor proteins. These observations suggest that intracellular androgen sulfonation can physiologically influence androgen action. We have examined the inhibitory effect of rStd on androgen action in the human prostate cancer-derived PC-3 cells transfected with the rat androgen receptor (AR) expression plasmid and two androgen-responsive promoter reporter constructs (murine mammary tumor long-terminal repeat ligated to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and rat probasin androgen response element (ARE) ligated to firefly luciferase (LUC) gene). These transfected cells were dependent on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for the activation of both reporter genes and showed about a 200- and a 800-fold increase of CAT and LUC activity, respectively, at 10(-10) M DHT over the no-hormone control. Expression of the sulfonating enzyme in this cell transfection system via the rStd expression plasmid caused a dose-dependent decline in the reporter activity with approximately 90% inhibition of androgen action at a rStd:AR plasmid ratio of 100. From these results we conclude that irrespective of a high level of AR, changes in the Std expression can markedly alter the androgen sensitivity of target cells.
Rapeseed meal in rations for laying hens: A review of the effect on egg quality

The current role of rapeseed meal (RSM) as a source of protein for laying hens is discussed. The advantages of the use of meal from low glucosinolate rapeseed cultivars are emphasised. The effect of the inclusion of RSM in layer rations on egg quality is discussed with special reference to the problem of the fishy egg taint which occurs in the eggs of certain breeds of laying hen. The current understanding of the problem is outlined and potential solutions are offered, based upon plant and avian genetic manipulation or chemical treatment of the rapeseed meal.
New procedure for isolation of amino acids based on selective hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives

A rapid procedure for the isolation of amino acids from physiological fluids by class separation suitable for gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis is described. A physiological fluid such as plasma is adjusted to pH 2 and extracted with diethyl ether to remove organic acids and neutrals. After precipitation of proteins with trichloroacetic acid, the aqueous plasma is dried and derivatized by trimethylsilylation. Organic compounds like sugars and amino acids are rendered soluble in petroleum ether leaving inorganic salts when the soluble layer is transferred. Separation of sugars from amino acids is achieved by taking advantage of the different rates of aqueous hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. Mixing the petroleum ether extract with a small volume of water results in two phases. The petroleum ether layer contains TMS-Sugar constituents of plasma and the aqueous layer contains free amino acids and amines. This procedure was used to isolate L-dopa, 3-O-methyldopa and tyrosine from human plasma in a quantitation assay using 18O-labelled amino acids and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Nodal model for continuous face sheet deformable mirrors

This work presents a nodal model for continuous face sheet deformable mirrors that can be solved quickly on a desktop computer. This network of simple cubic stiffening elements can more accurately simulate deflections resulting from complex loading conditions than a membrane model and is much easier to implement than a non-linear finite element model. The deflections predicted by the model are compared to expected behavior and to FEM results for a simple system. While restoring forces due to pre-stress and deformation-induced stress are fairly accurately modeled, resistance due to bending is only accurately modeled for specialized devices.
Renal effects of ovine fetal arginine vasopressin secretion in response to maternal hyperosmolality

Abstract Acute increases in maternal plasma osmolality can increase amniotic fluid osmolality. Amniotic fluid is primarily derived from fetal urine production, and arginine vasopressin infusion can affect both fetal urine production and amniotic fluid osmolality. To assess the effect of short-term changes in maternal osmolality on fetal arginine vasopressin secretion and renal function, six ewes of 126 ± 1 days' gestation received intravenous infusions of 20% mannitol (500 ml/10 min). In response to mannitol infusion, both maternal and feta plasma osmolality increased significantly (302 ± 3 to 326 ± 2 and 300 ± 1 to 309 ± 2 mosm, respectively). Increased fetal plasma and urine arginine vasopressin concentrations were associated with significant increases in fetal urine osmolality (146 ± 12 to 262 ± 30 mosm) and sodium concentration (35.8 ± 2.8 to 76.5 ± 20 μEq/ml), but fetal urine production rates did not change (0.68 ± 0.11 to 0.62 ± 0.15 ml/min). These conclusions were reached: (1) Acute increases in maternal osmolality can affect fetal arginine vasopressin secretion; (2) arginine vasopressin-induced increases in fetal urine osmolality may contribute to increased amniotic fluid osmolality in response to maternal hyperosmolality.
Outcome for West syndrome following surgical treatment.

Summary: We report the case of an 18-month-old child with infantile spasms and a hypsarrhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern associated with a porencephalic cyst. Surgical removal of the cyst and its surrounding tissue was performed following failure of medical therapy. Postoperatively, the patient has been free of infantile spasms for 12 months and the EEG has normalized. He Infantile spasms, when associated with neurological deficits or due to a known cause, are usually difficult to treat and have an overall poor prognosis. Although many etiologies have been reported, they have rarely been associated with treatable structural lesions of the brain. We report a child with infantile spasms, a hypsarrhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, and a unilateral porencephalic cyst. The patient failed medical therapy. Surgical removal of the cyst and its surrounding tissue was performed and he became seizure free, except for rare myoclonic jerks upon awakening. The EEG has become normal.
Infection of a subclavian venous stent in a hemodialysis patient

Endovascular stent placement to prevent restenosis after angioplasty is being increasingly employed. A 63-year-old hemodialysis patient with a right forearm gortex graft developed ipsilateral arm edema, and a right subclavian vein stenosis was diagnosed. This vascular stenosis was presumably secondary to previous placement of temporary access catheters. The subclavian vein stenosis was treated with angioplasty, endovascular stenting, and warfarin, which resulted in resolution of the arm edema. Three weeks after stenting, the patient developed fever to 104 degrees F, chills, and right arm and shoulder edema. All blood cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus, and an Indium-labeled white blood cell scan was positive at the sight of the subclavian stent. Infectious disease consultants recommended urgent removal of the infected stent, but the extensive surgery required posed considerable risk of major morbidity. We elected to conservatively treat the patient. With loss of all upper-extremity access sites, the patient was converted to peritoneal dialysis. Despite the patient's ambulatory status, a femoral venous Hickman catheter was placed and tunneled through the abdominal subcutaneous soft tissue. The patient received 9 weeks of antibiotics by the Hickman catheter with an infusion pump, and warfarin was continued. There has been complete clinical resolution of infection and subclavian thrombosis. Endovascular stents are being used more commonly, and this is the first description, to our knowledge, of a stent infection. The stent infection was successfully managed without surgical removal.
Rod and Cone Opsin Mislocalization in an Autopsy Eye From a Carrier of X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa With a Gly436Asp Mutation in the RPGR Gene

Purpose We investigated whether opsin mislocalization occurs in photoreceptors in a female carrier of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa with a Gly436Asp mutation in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene (RPGR). Design Histologic findings in autopsy eyes from a carrier were compared with those from a normal female. Methods Frozen retinal sections from the periphery of one eye of the carrier and the normal were stained with antibodies against either human red or green opsins, blue cone opsin, or rhodopsin and labeled with fluorochrome conjugated secondary antibodies. Cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst dye. Fellow eyes were evaluated with light microscopy. Results Fluorescent labeling showed mislocalized cone and rod opsins in photoreceptor cells only in the carrier. The carrier also showed some loss of photoreceptor nuclei. Conclusions A defect in trafficking of opsins to outer segments exists in a carrier with the RPGR Gly436Asp mutation.
Personality Factors as Predictors of Grade Point Average and Graduation from Nursing School

For a sample of 570 female nursing students in a three-year, hospital-based, nursing diploma program, the predictive validity coefficients were determined for the ACT Assessment composite score, fo...
Testing for additivity in nonparametric regression

Additive models are one means of assuaging the curse of dimensionality when nonparametric smoothing methods are used to estimate multivariable regression functions. It is important to have methods for testing the fit of such models, especially in high dimensions where visual assessment of fit becomes difficult. New tests of additivity are proposed in this paper that derive from Fourier series estimators with data-driven smoothing parameters. Other tests related to the classical Tukey test for additivity are also considered. While the new tests are consistent against essentially any "smooth" alternative to additivity, the Tukey-type tests are found to be inconsistent in certain situations. Asymptotic power of both varieties of tests is studied under local alternatives that tend toward additivity at a parametric rate, and small-sample power comparisons are carried out by means of a simulation study.
CONDITIONS FOR THE LOCALIZATION OF DEFORMATION IN PRESSURE-SENSITIVE DILATANT MATERIALS

Abstract T his paper investigates the hypothesis that localization of deformation into a shear band may be considered a result of an instability in the constitutive description of homogeneous deformation. General conditions for a bifurcation, corresponding to the localization of deformation into a planar band, are derived. Although the analysis is general and applications to other localization phenomena are noted, the constitutive relations which are examined in application of the criterion for localization are intended to model the behavior of brittle rock masses under compressive principal stresses. These relations are strongly pressure-sensitive since inelasticity results from frictional sliding on an array of fissures; the resulting inelastic response is dilatant, owing to uplift in sliding at asperities and to local tensile cracking from fissure tips. The appropriate constitutive descriptions involve non-normality of plastic strain increments to the yield hyper-surface. Also, it is argued that the subsequent yield surfaces will develop a vertex-like structure. Both of these features are shown to be destabilizing and to strongly influence the resulting predictions for localization by comparison to predictions based on classical plasticity idealizations, involving normality and smooth yield surfaces. These results seem widely applicable to discussions of the inception of rupture as a constitutive instability.
The role of alcohol dehydrogenase in the metabolism of the colon carcinogen methylazoxymethanol.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether the cytosolic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activates methylazoxymethanol (MAM) in the mouse colon and whether differential tumor susceptibility in the mouse is dependent, in part, on strain-related differences in MAM metabolism by ADH. Liver and colon cytosols were isolated from 7-week-old male tumor-susceptible (SWR/J) and -resistant (AKR/J) mice. Minimal reduction of NAD + was found in colon cytosols from AKR/J mice at the highest concentration (2 mM) of MAM tested. In liver cytosols, only SWR was capable of sustaining NAD + reduction with MAM, although at very low levels. Despite minimal reactivity with MAM, however, mouse cytosols did effectively reduce NAD + in the presence of the common ADH subrates ethanol and benzyl alcohol. NAD + -coupled oxidation of benzyl alcohol was significantly higher (two- to three-fold, p
Benzyl and Allyl Diazoacetate in One Carbon Ring Expansions of Ketones1

Abstract A frequently encountered problem in organic synthesis is the one carbon ring expansion of a cyclic ketone. A variety of general methods to effect this reaction are known,2 with several recent and novel contributions attesting to continued interest.3