cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue engineering osteochondral implants for temporomandibular joint repair.

Authors – Schek RM, Taboas JM, Hollister SJ, Krebsbach PH Tissue engineering has provided an alternative to traditional strategies to repair and regenerate temporomandibular joints (TMJ). A successful strategy to engineer osteochondral tissue, such as that found in the TMJ, will produce tissue that is both biologically and mechanically functional. Image-based design (IBD) and solid free-form (SFF) fabrication can be used to generate scaffolds that are load bearing and match patient and defect site geometry. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how scaffold design, materials, and biological factors can be used in an integrated approach to regenerate a multi-tissue interface. IBD and SFF were first used to create biomimetic scaffolds with appropriate bulk geometry and microarchitecture. Biphasic composite scaffolds were then manufactured with the same techniques and used to simultaneously generate bone and cartilage in discrete regions and provide for the development of a stable interface between cartilage and subchondral bone. Poly-L-lactic acid/ hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds were differentially seeded with fibroblasts transduced with an adenovirus expressing bone morphogenetic protein-7 in the ceramic phase and fully differentiated chondrocytes in the polymeric phase, and were subcutaneously implanted into mice. Following implantation in the ectopic site, the biphasic scaffolds promoted the simultaneous growth of bone, cartilage, and a mineralized interface tissue. Within the ceramic phase, the pockets of tissue generated included blood vessels, marrow stroma, and adipose tissue. This combination of IBD and SFF-fabricated biphasic scaffolds with gene and cell therapy is a promising approach to regenerate osteochondral defects and, ultimately, the TMJ.
Gaze locking: passive eye contact detection for human-object interaction

Eye contact plays a crucial role in our everyday social interactions. The ability of a device to reliably detect when a person is looking at it can lead to powerful human-object interfaces. Today, most gaze-based interactive systems rely on gaze tracking technology. Unfortunately, current gaze tracking techniques require active infrared illumination, calibration, or are sensitive to distance and pose. In this work, we propose a different solution-a passive, appearance-based approach for sensing eye contact in an image. By focusing on gaze *locking* rather than gaze tracking, we exploit the special appearance of direct eye gaze, achieving a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of over 0.83 at long distances (up to 18 m) and large pose variations (up to ±30° of head yaw rotation) using a very basic classifier and without calibration. To train our detector, we also created a large publicly available gaze data set: 5,880 images of 56 people over varying gaze directions and head poses. We demonstrate how our method facilitates human-object interaction, user analytics, image filtering, and gaze-triggered photography.
TCT-659 Clinical Outcomes of Patients Presented with Sirolimus-eluting Stent Failure and Treated with Additional Drug-eluting Stent

Additional placement of limus stents (Sirolimus-eluting stent [SES] or Everolimus-eluting stents [EES]) for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of SES (SES-ISR) has been a matter of controversy. This prompted us to assess the clinical outcomes of additional limus-stent in patients presenting with
What we know about consumers’ color choices

Marketing practitioners know that a product’s color may play an important role in a consumer’s purchase decision, but may not be familiar with the empirical research that has been conducted in this area. The purpose of this paper is to apply an associative learning framework to the color literature to help understand consumer color choices. Specifically, the principles of classical conditioning, a form of associative learning, will be used to make suggestions to practitioners who wish to create or change color associations for their products. The implications of the findings from the color literature are discussed.
From Magicians to Teachers: The Development of Electronic Reference in Libraries: 1930-2000

Summary Electronic reference is a large part of today's library. Computer technology has clearly been the dominant catalyst for change in library service over the last few decades. Reference service has changed along with the prevailing technology. An exclusive group of searchers serviced electronic information requests during the online searching craze of the 1970s and 1980s. In the library of today, this model of electronic reference is no longer operational. Electronic information is now available to anyone on a computer terminal. In response, all librarians have become familiar with computer technology, and have a new emphasis on teaching and basic information literacy. This article will examine how this came to be, and the technologies that helped make it happen.
Testing mechanisms of action for intensive case management.

Aim This study identified factors that predict, mediate or moderate the effects of intensive case management (ICM) on longer-term drug abstinence outcomes in women on welfare. Design In a parent study women were assigned randomly to usual care (UC) or intensive case manangement (ICM). Treatment was provided for 12 weeks and follow-up continued for 15 months after study intake. A set of hypothesized mediators was assessed at month 3 and a rigorous four-step mediational model was tested using outcomes in months 4–15. Participants Participants were 302 drug-dependent women applying and eligible for federal welfare and not currently in drug abuse treatment. Interventions ICM provided intensive treatment engagement including voucher incentives for treatment attendance and case management services; UC provided primarily referral to community treatment programs. Measurement Substance use outcomes were assessed using the time-line follow-back interview and confirmed using biological and collateral measures. Findings Participants in ICM had more case manager contacts, better treatment engagement and more self-help attendance than did those in UC. Each of these variables predicted, and was shown to be a mediator of outcome, but case management contact was an especially robust mediator. Further, ICM effects were strongest for those who attended treatment least. Contrary to prediction, greater psychopathology and environmental stressors did not predict worse outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that case management is an active intervention that may both facilitate and substitute for formal drug abuse treatment.
Reconstitution of potato virus X in vitro. III. Evidence for a role for hydrophobic interactions.

Abstract The fluorescent dye 8-anilino-l-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) binds to hydrophobic regions of potato virus X (PVX) protein subunits but not to intact virus or RNA. Maximum fluorescence occurred when the molar ratio of dye to protein was between 30 and 40, but at a molar ratio of 30 only between two and three dye molecules were bound per subunit. These results indicate that the subunits possess accessible hydrophobic sites to which ANS binds with relatively low affinity. In mixtures of ANS and protein, the fluorescence of tryptophan residues (332.5 nm) decreased with increasing ANS concentration with a corresponding increase in ANS fluorescence (475 nm). Thus, the sites to which ANS binds appear to be in the same regions where tryptophan residues are located. When PVX nucleoprotein was reconstituted in the presence of ANS, the fluorescence due to bound ANS increased,and the fluorescence remained after removal of unbound dye. Reconstitution and the concomitant increase in ANS fluorescence were prevented by 0.1 M KC1 or NaCl. Reconstitution occurred in 0.2 M sodium N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) glycine and in 0.1 M sodium 2(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonate, but not in 0.1 M KCl or NaCl. Disruption of intact virus by sodium dodecyl sulfate occurred at 0.02% (w/v) and was complete at 0.08%. These results are interpreted as implicating hydrophobic as well as the previously postulated electrostatic interactions in the assembly and stability of PVX.
Fitting a stochastic partial differential equation to aquifer data

The steady state two dimensional groundwater flow equation with constant transmissivities was studied by Whittle in 1954 as a stochastic Laplace equation. He showed that the correlation function consisted of a modified Bessel function of the second kind, order 1, multiplied by its argument. This paper uses this pioneering work of Whittle to fit an aquifer head field to unequally spaced observations by maximum likelihood. Observational error is also included in the model. Both the isotropic and anisotropic cases are considered. The fitted field is then calculated on a two dimensional grid together with its standard deviation. The method is closely related to the use of two-dimensional splines for fitting surfaces to irregularly spaced observations.
Mechanisms underlying Myocarditis

Myocarditis or its sequela, dilated cardiomyopathy, are important causes of heart failure. We have developed two experimental models in mice. Disease is induced in genetically susceptible mice by infection with cardiotropic Coxsackievirus B3, or by immunization with cardiac myosin. Two Th2 cytokines had opposite effects: IL-4 enhances disease whereas IL-13 reduces it. Th1 cytokines also exhibited opposing effects: IL-12 is pathogenic whereas IFNγ down-regulates disease.
The Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in aluminium single crystals and polycrystals

Abstract The Portevin-Le Chatelier effect refers to repeating non-smooth deformation of a specimen. When the specimen is loaded at a constant rate, this behaviour is manifested in a stepped stressstrain curve. The purpose of this experimental investigation is to determine whether or not macroscopic grain boundaries affect the Portevin-Le Chatelier behaviour. Polycrystal, single crystal and bicrystal specimens of commercial purity aluminium are subjected to a tensile test at a constant load rate at room temperature. The polycrystalline samples are discovered to exhibit continual repeated yielding. Behaviour of these steps is represented by plots of increments of stress and strain versus strain which are found to be reproducible. In contrast, the single crystals exhibit two groups of steps, each beginning at a reproducible value of resolved shear stress. The resolved shear stress of the initial step in a single crystal, when related through the Taylor aggregate theory, predicts the observed initial step stress in the polycrystals. Consideration of bicrystals and crystals with stray grains shows that the presence of grain boundaries tends to proliferate repeated yield. Thus the initial step (or first few steps) is the result of intragranular yielding, but the following steps are affected by grain boundaries.
Octreotide relaxes the hypertensive sphincter of Oddi: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.

Octreotide relaxes the hypertensive sphincter of Oddi: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications
The role of skin coupling in the determination of vibrotactile spatial summation

A series of three experiments was carried out to determine the effects of variation of static force and contactor area on both absolute thresholds and the magnitude of vibrotactile stimuli at frequencies of 20, 80, and 250 Hz. The findings were: (a) If contactor penetration into the skin is constant, vibratory threshold amplitude falls off at the rate of 3 dB per doubling at 250 Hz, in agreement with previous studies, (b) There is no increase in vibrotactile magnitude with increase in area at constant amplitude, (c) Increasing static force on the contactor produces an increase in the vibrotactile magnitude. Also, changing contactor force can shift the exponent of the vibrotactile magnitude function. Some discussion is given of the questions raised by the present research, in particular the question of whether static conditions modify not only the mechanics of wave propagation, but also the excitability of neural systems in the tissues.
A self-contained floating spherical probe for the measurement of volume electric fields

Abstract A self-contained, electrically floating, spherical electric field probe which is capable of measuring DC electric fields in volume regions has been developed. The spatial field variation must occur on a length scale larger than the sphere diameter. The sphere floats to the local potential existing in its absence, perturbing the ambient field in a precisely known way, thus providing a means to measure volume fields without ambiguous perturbations. The sphere is also capable of measuring its own collected charge which can be used to infer the polarity and magnitude of ions or other space charge in the probe vicinity. The 15 cm diameter aluminum sphere contains six miniature 800 Hz vibrating capacitor sensors, a synchronous detection data acquisition system with A/D converter, and a digital fm transmitter operating at 50 MHz. Data is sent at 1200 baud to a nearby receiver and computer for interpretation and processing. The sensor data, processed in real time, provide values of ambient field magnitude and collected sphere charge. The probe can measure fields as low as 50 V/m and can operate for several hours on one set of batteries.
Studies on the morphology of tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller) (protozoa, flagellata) from American cows

Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmuller) which occurs in the genital tract of domestic cows and which appears to be associated with pathological conditions, including sterility and abortion, has been found in American cows and its morphology studied. The spindle-shaped body is 10 to 25 μ in length and bears three anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum which constitutes the marginal filament of the nearly full-length undulating membrane and continues posteriorly as a trailing flagellum. There is an accessory filament in the undulating membrane. The axostyle is of the thick, hyaline type and contains endoaxostylar granules in the capitulum and bears a chromatic ring at the point of emergence from the body. There is a well-developed costa under the undulating membrane and a simple type of parabasal body. In its morphology this species more nearly resembles such intestinal forms as T. augusta and T. muris than it does Trichomonas vaginalis of man, since the latter has four anterior flagella, a short undulating membrane without an accessory filament, no trailing flagellum, a different type of axostyle, and a parabasal filament along with its larger parabasal body.
Partial characterization of procollagen messenger ribonucleic acid in a murine chondrosarcoma.

Cells from a rat chondrosarcoma in primary suspension culture were used for labeling studies and isolation of RNA. With extended labeling, a distinct fraction of poly(A+)RNA. sedimented in the region of 26S on denaturing sucrose gradients. Similar profiles were obtained with labeled poly(A+)RNA isolated from normal cartilage tissues, as well as from chondrocytes in culture. This mRNA coded for collagenous protein when translated in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ. Among the polypeptides synthesized in vitro, one distinctive component of approximately 150,000 daltons was detected by gel electrophoresis. Polypeptides of identical size, sensitive to bacterial collagenase, were also synthesized in vitro by polysomes isolated from the chondrosarcoma.
Failure of Echinostoma lindoense to reinfect snails already harboring that species

In Biomphalaria glabrata snails already harboring Echinostoma lindoense, attempts at reinfection with the same trematode species failed when the interval between exposures was 6 days or more. With 2 days between exposures, the experimental snails were as susceptible to reinfection as the control snails. Between these limits, the reinfection failure rate increased with the exposure interval. Failure to reinfect the snails was probably due to cannibalism, young sporocysts from the second infection being swallowed by predatory rediae from the first infection. Development of sporocysts in successfully reinfected snails was normal.
Solution of the Problem of Thermoplasticity for a Layered Sphere by the Finite-Element Method

We propose a new approach to the investigation of the thermomechanical states in layered plastically deformed heat-sensitive bodies of any geometric shape with arbitrary orientation of the interfaces between the layers. The proposed approach is based on the formulation of the nonstationary problem of heat conduction, problem of the theory of plastic nonisothermal flow, computational schemes of the finite-element method, and the corresponding software. We also study the thermomechanical behavior of a two-layer sphere under the conditions of rapid cooling from its initial uniform temperature.
The significant features of Japanese macaque coo sounds: a psychophysical study

Abstract Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, were trained with a positive reinforcement operant procedure to discriminate smooth early high and smooth late high coo sounds recorded during Green's (1975) field study of the speices' vocal repertoire. Subjects labelled the various tokens by maintaining contact with a response device for calls from one category and by breaking contact for those of the second call type. After the completion of discrimination training, the generalization of the operant behaviour to novel natural and synthetic vocalizations was measured. Initial generalization tests established that macaques would respond appropriately both to natural vocalizations and to computer-synthesized prototypes representing the smooth early high-smooth late high contrast. In subsequent tests, individual acoustic features were removed from the synthetic prototypes to determine the minimal elements of functional coo sounds. These tests suggested that those sounds are distinguished by the predominant direction of their frequency change which, in turn, is determined by the temporal position of their highest frequency.
Climate discourse and economic downturns: The case of the United States, 2008–2013

Abstract Global progress on climate change has been stalled since the 2008 financial collapse. I consider the case of the United States and how the crash and subsequent stagnation have reduced prospects for climate solutions at the national level. I focus on discourse and the economic and cultural framing of climate protection and the environment as a luxury good, unaffordable in recessionary times. As a solution to this paralyzing framework, I consider the emergence of “new economics,” which employs an alternative framing at the local and regional level. New economics is fostering the creation of new forms of ownership in a range of enterprise structures that also contribute to sustainability and greenhouse gas reductions.
Electron propagation along a nanowire: a study in chattering

Recent fabrication techniques have made it possible to create wires of submicron diameters, as small as a few tens of nanometers, and lengths of hundreds of microns. These nanowires have properties, including electrical conductivities, that differ greatly from the properties of the bulk material. It is necessary to simulate these characteristics of nanowires in an efficient and predictive fashion. While these structures are small on the scale of everyday objects, they still consist of thousands, if not millions, of nuclei and electrons, and hence a full a priori quantum mechanical treatment of these nanowires is not likely to be available in the near future. In this contribution, we present an efficient new approach for the simulation of electron transport along a nanowire. We see that our classical simulations, in which we have propagated one hundred thousand trajectories, result in chaotic scattering, that is chattering, of the electron.
In-flight Operation of the Dawn Ion Propulsion System Through Year One of Cruise to Ceres

The Dawn mission, part of NASA's Discovery Program, has as its goal the scientific exploration of the two most massive main-belt asteroids, 4 Vesta, and the dwarf planet 1 Ceres. The Dawn spacecraft was launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on September 27, 2007 on a Delta-II 7925H-9.5 rocket that placed the 1218-kg spacecraft into an Earth-escape trajectory. On-board the spacecraft is an ion propulsion system (IPS) developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory which will provide an additional delta- V of approximately 11 km/s for the heliocentric transfers to each body and for all orbit transfers including orbit capture/escape and transition to the various science orbits. Deterministic thrusting to Vesta began in December 2007 and concluded with orbit capture at Vesta in July 2011. The transfer to Vesta included a Mars gravity assist flyby in February 2009 that provided an additional delta-V of 2.6 km/s and was the only postlaunch mission delta-V not provided by IPS. During the mission at Vesta the IPS was used for all orbit transfers which included six different near-polar science mapping orbits. Thrusting for departure from Vesta and the start of cruise to Ceres began on July 25, 2012 with escape from Vesta occurring on September 5, 2012. To date the IPS has been operated for approximately 31,000 hours, consumed approximately 300 kg of xenon, and provided a delta-V of approximately 8.3 km/s. IPS performance characteristics are very close to the expected performance based on analysis and testing performed prelaunch. Thrusting for cruise to Ceres will continue until the spring of 2015, with a planned arrival date at Ceres in April 2015. This paper provides an overview of Dawn's mission objectives and the results of Dawn IPS mission operations from Vesta departure through the first year of cruise to Ceres.
A continuous flow, perifusion culture system for 8- to 16-cell bovine embryos derived from in vitro culture

Abstract Eight- to 16-cell stage bovine embryos derived from in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization were obtained after static culture until 80 to 88 h post insemination. The embryos were cultured in a dynamic (continuous flow) perifusion culture system for 24 h and were further co-cultured on a cumulus cell monolayer in a static CO 2 incubator for an additional 80 to 88 h. Based on preliminary experiments, a serum-free bovine embryo culture medium (BECM) supplemented with 25 mM HEPES was used as the perifusion culture medium (PCM), and the flow rate was fixed within the range of 30 to 38 μl/min in subsequent experiments. In Experiment 1, the combined effects of tubing (silicone vs Tygon ™ ) and/or culture chamber size (0.2 vs 1.5 ml) on prehatching development of the embryos following 24 h perifusion culture were evaluated in an experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. More (P ™ than with silicone tubing, regardless of chamber size. A higher percentage of blastocysts (29%) was obtained following the perifusion culture by the combination of Tygon ™ tubing and the 1.5-ml culture chamber than by any other combination. In addition, a significantly (P ™ (7.57 to 7.58) than with silicone (7.78 to 7.79) tubing, regardless of chamber size. In Experiment 2, embryo development was compared after culture in the perifusion system and in a static culture system using either serum-free medium (control) or serum-free medium plus a cumulus cell monolayer (co-culture). Percentages of morulae (49 vs 57%) and blastocysts (31 vs 33%) obtained from the control system were not significantly (P > 0.4) higher than the percentages obtained from the perifusion system. However, these proportions were significantly (P
Reversible inhibition of renal microsome calcium pump by furosemide

Abstract Renal microsomes have been shown to have an energy-dependent calcium pump activity. We now demonstrate that three diuretic compounds inhibit this calcium pump in vitro . Characterization of furosemide inhibition demonstrates that this agent is a reversible, non-competitive inhibitor of the renal microsome calcium pump. Furosemide, under similar conditions does not inhibit Na/K-ATPase activity in the renal microsome fraction. Furosemide may be useful to define function of the microsomal calcium pump in non-muscle cells.
Leukocyte-transforming agent: prolonged excretion by patients with mononucleosis and excretion by normal individuals.

The leukocyte-transforming agent was found in the pharyngeal secretions of 75% of 36 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), 18% of 27 persons with acute illness other than IM, and 27% of 11 healthy persons. Five of 12 patients with IM were still excreting the agent three to 12 months after onset of illness. When the pharyngeal secretion was tested at intervals throughout the course of illness instead of only once at the time of admission, all five patients with IM whose first throat washing was negative were shown to excrete the transforming agent at sometime in the course of illness.
Three-dimensional linear prediction and its application to digital angiography

In this article, we apply three-dimensional (3-D) linear least-squares (LS) prediction technique to the processing of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image sequences. The main goal of this processing is the cancellation of motion artifacts, which is a visual structured noise that appears in current DSA images. We address two important issues with this new technique: first the misregistration between the mask and the contrast image and, second, the temporal filtering of DSA image sequence. Instead of treating these two issues separately, as conventional DSA methods do, we combine them into a 3-D LS prediction problem. Based on this approach, we develop a new efficient algorithm for the solution of normal equations. The algorithm is based on a new property of Tn (Toeplitz to then) matrices that we prove. In order to match the image sequence physical characteristics, we further optimize practical parameters of this algorithm. Actual patient data is used for the evaluation of this new technique. Results show a significant improvement over the existing methods.
Transportation Requirements for High Technology Industrial Development

The belief that high technology industries are footloose has led many regional growth strategists and planners to ignore transportation considerations in high tech development. This paper shows that this development has significant transportation implications that are different from those of traditional manufacturing. These requirements are related to an explanatory framework consisting of three developmental stages in high tech industrial activities. High tech professionals are frequent air travelers, thus requiring convenient access to good air service, which may be problematic for smaller nonhub areas. Particular concerns for urban transportation arise because of the potentially rapid rate of high tech development in a given area and its sprawling low‐rise development in suburban and exurban settings. Finally, trends in high tech manufacturing and the nature of many high tech products indicate that air freight will be an important logistical component for these industries.
Modeling electrical power absorption and thermally-induced biological tissue damage.

This work develops a model for thermally induced damage from high current flow through biological tissue. Using the first law of thermodynamics, the balance of energy produced by the current and the energy absorbed by the tissue are investigated. The tissue damage is correlated with an evolution law that is activated upon exceeding a temperature threshold. As an example, the Fung material model is used. For certain parameter choices, the Fung material law has the ability to absorb relatively significant amounts of energy, due to its inherent exponential response character, thus, to some extent, mitigating possible tissue damage. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the model’s behavior.
Developmental generality of a form recognition strategy

Abstract A 5-year-old S performed 1250 trials in a from recognition task requiring S to find a form among 25 others on each trial. Fifty different eight-sided randomly derived polygons were used as forms to be recognized, each presented in 25 different problems. Factors based on physical measures of the forms were correlated with observed latencies using multiple regression to assess an information utilization strategy. Comparisons of the regression profile and correlations of physical measures with latency for the 5-year-old with those for a group of 25 adults indicated that use of form information was highly consistent across age levels.
Randomized invitations: One solution to the problem of voluntary treatment selection in program evaluation research

An alternative to randomized assignment to treatments in social program evaluation research is proposed in the form of randomized invitation to treatment. A procedure is suggested for identifying a subset of the uninvited control group that is maximally equivalent to those in the invited group who self-select into treatment in order to increase power to detect treatment effects on outcome measures.
Quantum chemical conformational analysis and X-ray structure of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide

Abstract We present X-ray crystallographic results and gas-phase electronic structure calculations of the geometry of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide. Using the Hartree-Fock theory with a 6-31G ∗ basis set, we calculated relative energies for eight different conformations. For the lowest-energy conformations of each of the four possible combinations of rotamers about the two CN bonds, we also included electron correlation by Moller-Plesset second-order (MP2) perturbation theory with the same basis set. From these calculations, we selected the lowest-energy structure and calculated structural parameters at the MP2 level of theory with the larger correlation-consistent cc-pVDZ basis set. The geometry of the minimum-energy gas-phase structure is in good agreement with the structure observed experimentally in the crystal.
Virulence for man of a human influenza-A virus antigenically similar to "classical" swine viruses.

The newly isolated human influenza-A strain containing swine antigens isolated in New Jersey, U.S.A., was inoculated into six volunteers. Clinical reactions were mild although all volunteers were infected. The longest period for which the virus was excreted was 8 days and the shortest 3 days. In its virulence for man the New Jersey strain was intermediate between a human and animal virus, and was quite clearly more virulent than known swine viruses. It seems possible that the outbreak in the U.S.A. was an isolated event and that the virus will not become established in man.
Growth characteristics of newly initiated cladodes of Opuntia ficusindica as affected by shading, drought and elevated CO2

Biomass accumulation and area expansion of newly initiated cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica were studied to help understand the high productivity of this Crassulacean acid metabolism species. In a glasshouse, both dry weight and area increased more and more rapidly for about 30 days and then increased linearly with time up to 63 days. The relative growth rate averaged 0. 12 day-1, comparable to values for productive C3 and C4 plants. New cladodes initiated on basal cladodes with 2-fold higher initial dry weight grew twice as fast. Drought reduced biomass accumulation and area expansion of new cladodes by 62 and 52%, respectively. A 70% reduction in irradiation decreased biomass accumulation of new cladodes by 17% and their thickness by 11%. In a growth chamber containing 720 μmol Co2 (mol air)-1, biomass of newly initiated cladodes was 7% higher, area was 8% less, specific mass was 16% higher and less carbohydrate was translocated from basal cladodes than for 360 μmol Co2 mol-1. The large capacity for storage of carbohydrate and water in basal cladodes of O. ficus-indica apparently buffered environmental stresses, thereby reducing their effects on growth of daughter cladodes
Students with Asperger's syndrome in the CS classroom

More students with Asperger's Syndrome are entering higher education and a majority of these students are choosing a computer science curriculum. With an increasing number of students with disabilities in the classroom, it is important to understand the particular aspects of a disability that will affect classroom situations. This paper presents common characteristics of students with Asperger's Syndrome and offers techniques that will maximize the student's educational experience and minimize disturbance to other students.
Pulsed Doppler spectral analysis of bounded fluid jets.

Abstract To test the hypothesis that pulsed Doppler ultrasound spectral properties of bounded fluid jets related to orifice size, in vitro examinations were performed using a hydraulic simulator (standpipe, compliant receiving chamber, and variable round orifice). Orifices of 17.3, 7.9, 4.5 and 2.0 mm 2 area resulted in flows of 4.0, 1.7, 1.1 and 0.3 L/min respectively. We interrogated the fluid jet at midchamber (MC) and at the chamber wall impact site (IS), and the resulting Doppler shifts were displayed on a spectrum analyzer. For each orifice size, 36 independent observations were made at each interrogation site. At site MC, a characteristic low break frequency ( K ) was observed in an otherwise flat spectrum. The spectrum from site IS were peaked, with the peak described by center frequency ( P ), peak amplitude ( A ), and frequency at which the peak merged with the background ( X ). As orifice size increased from smallest to largest, monotonic changes in K (440–1020 Hz), P (330–750 Hz), A (8–28 db), and X (840–2660 Hz) were observed. Standard deviation about each mean ranged from 9 to 28%. Orifice shape, receiving chamber viscosity, and standpipe pressure significantly influenced the spectra. These data suggest that quantification of jet flow is possible in vitro using spectral analysis and pulsed Doppler ultrasound.
General issues connecting flavor symmetry and supersymmetry

We motivate and construct supersymmetric theories with continuous flavor symmetry, under which the electroweak Higgs doublets transform non-trivially. Flavor symmetry is spontaneously broken at a large mass scale in a sector of gauge-singlet fields; the light Higgs multiplets naturally emerge as special linear combinations that avoid acquiring the generic large mass. Couplings of the light Higgs doublets to light moduli fields from the singlet sector could lead to important effects in the phenomenology of the Higgs sector.
Academic and Vocational Interests as a Function of Outcome Expectancies in Social Cognitive Career Theory

Abstract This study examined the function of self-efficacy and outcome expectations as posited in Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) with a sample of nonpsychology majors ( N =85) at a large midwestern university. Interest in, and intent to pursue, an undergraduate psychology degree related significantly and positively to self-efficacy and outcome expectations for that degree. A pre-experimental manipulation to raise participants' outcome expectations for the psychology degree allowed for the examination of the effect of changes in outcome expectations on interest and intent. Increased outcome expectations significantly predicted increased pursuit intentions, but not level of interest. Both self-efficacy and outcome expectations accounted for significant incremental variance in predicting interest and pursuit intentions. Results generally supported the relation of outcome expectations to interest, pursuit intentions, and self-efficacy as hypothesized in Social Cognitive Career Theory.
Serological characterization of the 3′-proximal encoded proteins of beet yellows closterovirus

The 3'-proximal open reading frames (ORFs) of beet yellows closterovirus, California isolate (BYV-CA), were sequenced and the expression of the corresponding proteins analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of ORF 5 (coding for p24) was most conserved compared with ORF 7 (coding for p20) and ORF 8 (coding for p21) among the isolates analyzed. Polyclonal antisera were produced to GST fusion proteins of p24, p20, and p21. Accumulation of p24, CP, p20 and p21 was studied in infected Tetragonia expansa plants and Chenopodium quinoa protoplasts. All four proteins were expressed in all tissues (old leaves, young leaves and stems), and most abundantly in young leaves. The subcellular localization of each protein in different tissues showed that compared with p24, CP and p21, p20 accumulated less in transfected protoplasts. Immunogold labeling in sugarbeet with p24 and CP antisera demonstrated co-localization of p24 and CP in vascular petiole tissues. In infectivity neutralization tests, antisera against p24 and CP greatly reduced transmission of BYV by viruliferous aphids compared with viruliferous aphids fed on preimmune serum or antiserum to p21.
Speech-sound discrimination and tactile-kinesthetic discrimination in reference to speech production.

The relationship between selected sensory discrimination variables and speech-sound production was investigated. Speech-sound discrimination, oral stereognostic discrimination, and articulation wer...
Position Statement: Advances and Challenges of Software Engineering

In this article the advances in software engineering are i) evolvement of software processes from rigid, sequential and slow processes to iterative and agile processes and standardization of process models, such as CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) and ISO 12207, ii) programming paradigms and software design techniques, such as object-oriented programming and model-driven architecture, iii) various techniques for software reuse, such as design patterns and component-based software development, iii) formal methods for software specification and verification, and numerous methods for software testing, iv) software architecture, such as event-driven architecture and service-oriented architecture, and architecture description languages. All these advances aim at improving the quality of software, reducing cost, and promoting software reuse.
Angular distribution of REC for Ar4+ on C at 1 MeV/amu

Abstract The angular distribution of K-REC for 45.7 and 51.9 MeV Ar 4+ + C has been measured and found to be consistent with sin 2 θ lab .
Perception of Distorted "R" Sounds in the Synthesized Speech of Chlldren and Adults

Adult and Child manifolds were generated by synthesizing 5 X 5 matrices of/Cej/ type utterances in which F2 and F3 frequencies were systematically varied. Manifold stimuli were presented to 11 grad...
Creating a vision for mental health services: A survey of states

As public mental health systems move away from heavy reliance on traditional models of service to a broader and more flexible array of tailored services and supports, it is imperative that they pause to examine the basic values and principles which underlie their efforts. This survey has brought to surface some of the most frequently cited principles which a representative sample of state mental health agencies have reported. Fortunately, the values embedded in those statements are highly consistent with the general direction in which the field of mental health services is moving. It is hoped that the results of this survey may be of help to other agencies that are struggling to articulate their vision for the future. Vision development, while therapeutic in itself, is not the real issue. The question is the extent to which that vision encompasses values and directions which are effective in moving the mental health system in a predictable and positive direction. The key to this, it seems, is the success at which the vision is articulated by management and subsequently lived by all of the players at all levels of the system.
Aerosol-assisted deposition of surfactant-templated mesoporous silica membranes on porous ceramic supports

Abstract We present a new approach for rapid formation of mesoporous, surfactant-templated silica membranes on coarse-pore α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic supports. A surfactant-silica sol is dispersed in the gas phase in the form of small droplets and delivered to the surface of the planar support by a N 2 carrier stream. Coalescence of deposited sol droplets combined with solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly of liquid crystalline mesophases results in the formation of continuous, mesostructured silica-surfactant layers covering the surface of the support. These mesostructured silica membranes are impermeable right after synthesis and exhibit N 2 permeance in the range 10 −7 –10 −6 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −1 after surfactant removal. SEM studies revealed the presence of relatively smooth layers of thickness ∼1 μm on the surface of the ceramic supports while SAXS and TEM investigations revealed that these membranes possess cubic-ordered mesopores of size ∼20 A, without preferential orientation with respect to the substrate. Such membranes may find application in ultrafiltration separation processes, since surfactant-templating can be used for accurate control of the pore size/distribution in the proper range for a desired separation.
The growth rate of significant regressors for high dimensional data

Abstract We give a new consistency proof for high-dimensional quantile regression estimators. A consequence of this proof is that the number of significant regressors can grow at a rate s log 2 ( s ) = o ( n ) . To our best knowledge, this is the fastest rate achieved for high-dimensional quantile regression.
After Unipolarity: China's Visions of International Order in an Era of U.S. Decline

The emerging transition from unipolarity to a more multipolar distribution of global power presents a unique and unappreciated problem that largely explains why, contrary to the expectations of balance of power theory, a counterbalancing reaction to U.S. primacy has not yet taken place. The problem is that, under unipolarity and only unipolarity, balancing is a revisionist, not a status quo, behavior: its purpose is to replace the existing unbalanced unipolar structure with a balance of power system. Thus, any state that seeks to restore a global balance of power will be labeled a revisionist aggressor. To overcome this ideational hurdle to balancing behavior, a rising power must delegitimize the unipole's global authority and order through discursive and cost-imposing practices of resistance that pave the way for the next phase of full-fledged balancing and global contestation. The type of international order that emerges on the other side of the transition out of unipolarity depends on whether the emerg...
On the Nature of Nonplanarity in the [N]Phenylenes

The unusual solid-state nonplanarity seen in the X-ray structures of the [N]phenylenes (an example is shown here) is shown to be most likely the result of crystal-packing-induced deformations. These conclusions are based on a study of published and eight new structure determinations, comparison with data on napththalenes and anthracenes obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database, and ab initio calculations.
The impact of orbital prefrontal cortex damage on emotional activation to unanticipated and anticipated acoustic startle stimuli

Damage to the orbital prefrontal cortex has been implicated in selectively diminishing electrodermal autonomic nervous system responses to anticipated punishing stimuli (e.g., losing money; Bechara, Damasio, & Damasio, 2000), but not to unanticipated punishing stimuli (e.g., loud noises; Damasio, Tranel, & Damasio, 1990). We extended this research by examining the effects of orbitofrontal damage on emotional responses to unanticipated and anticipated acoustic startles and collecting a more extensive set of physiological measures, emotional facial behavior, and self-reported emotional experience. Consistent with previous research, patients showed intact physiology to an unanticipated startle but failed to show appropriate anticipatory cardiovascular responses (patients' heart rates decreased, controls' increased). In addition, patients displayed more surprise facial behavior and reported marginally more fear than did controls in response to the unanticipated startle. Thus, orbitofrontal damage may compromise the ability to anticipate physiologically the onset of aversive stimuli, despite intact or enhanced emotional responses when such stimuli occur unexpectedly.
Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for solid renal masses using the ultrasonic shears.

Abstract Objectives. To report our experience with laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for solid renal masses. Methods. Between August 1998 and December 1999, 15 patients with solid renal masses underwent laparoscopic NSS at our institutions. Seven patients underwent a transperitoneal approach and eight a retroperitoneal approach. The kidneys were fully mobilized to allow inspection of all renal parenchyma. The ultrasonic shears were used to divide the renal parenchyma around the tumor in all cases. Renal surface hemostasis was then accomplished by welding a piece of oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze to the transected renal surface with the argon beam coagulator. Tumors were removed intact and sent for analysis of frozen section margin status. Results. Laparoscopic NSS was successfully completed without complications in all patients. The mean tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 0.8 to 3.5), mean operative time was 170 minutes (range 105 to 240), and mean estimated blood loss was 368 mL (range 75 to 1000). The final pathologic finding was renal cell carcinoma in 12 patients and oncocytoma in 3 patients. All final surgical margins were negative. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 2.6 days (range 2 to 4). Conclusions. Laparoscopic NSS for small, solid renal masses can be performed safely with a combination of the ultrasonic shears for renal parenchymal transection and argon beam coagulation and oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze for renal surface hemostasis.
Disparity in Location of Urban Mental Service Providers

This article investigates geographic disparities in the location of mental health providers in relation to population demographics. Associations between provider-to-population ratios and demographics were examined with density calculations and map algebra. This disparity in geospatial availability of specialists may constitute an important barrier for persons seeking mental health care.
Radio images of Jupiter's synchrotron radiation at 6, 20, and 90 cm

VLA observations of Jupiter's nonthermal radiation at wavelengths of 6, 20, and 90 cm are presented and compared. The spatial resolution in all images is 0.25 R(J) (R/J/ = Jovian radius). The brightness distribution of Jupiter is very similar at each of the three wavelengths, although the radiation peaks at 6 cm are at a slightly larger distance from Jupiter than those at the longer wavelengths. This is due to the higher rate of synchrotron radiation losses at the shorter wavelengths. Radial profiles through the images clearly show the presence of a 'shoulder' or flattening in the intensity at about 2.5 R(J) due to absorption effects by the satellite Amalthea. In addition, the so-called 'hot region' in Jupiter's radiation belts is clearly present at all three wavelengths: images of the planet at a cml (central meridian longitude) of about 30-40 deg show the radiation peak to the right of Jupiter to be much brighter than the peak at the left, while images at a cml of about 210-220 deg show the opposite. The difference in brightness between the two radiation peaks is similar at all three wavelengths.