cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Lightweight Rapid Transit Motor

A BROADENING application field for the President's Conference Car (PCC)-type electric car has introduced new and more severe requirements in the design of its propulsion equipment. This has resulted in a new raction motor embodying the latest progress in design and manufacture, and particularly suited to dynamic braking at the high operating speeds currently coming into vogue. The application of the PCG car to high-speed tuburban service, and the utilization of the same propuision equipment for lightweight rapid transit service, have set the stage for a redesign of this equipment to meet the new performance demands. Whereas a speed of 35 miles per hour was rarely exceeded in city service, speeds of 0 miles per hour and above may be expected in rapid transit and suburban operation. Coincident with the increase in top speed is the requirement that dynamic braking be made available from these speeds without injury to the motor from overvoltage.
Primary Ewing Sarcoma Presenting as a Vulvar Mass in an Adolescent: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Abstract Background Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (ES) tumors presenting in the genitourinary tract are highly uncommon. Few cases of primary vulvar and vaginal cases of ES have been published. Case A 15-year-old adolescent presented with a bothersome 5-cm mass located on her left labium minorum. Following excision, a diagnosis of a primary ES was made. The patient was treated with multiagent chemotherapy and was doing well 20 months after treatment completion. Summary and Conclusion Based on the few available case reports and our reported case, it appears that extraosseous ES arising in superficial sites such as the vulva have better prognosis and should be treated with complete excision and multiagent chemotherapy.
Sources of Stardust in the Galaxy

Observed mass loss rates and Galactic stellar population distributions are used to estimate the rate of injection of stardust into the ISM. M stars and RLOH/IR Stars produce most of the silicates; most of the carbon and SiC comes from carbon stars. WR stars, novae, and supernovae may eject dust with chemical anomalies. There is little observational evidence for a major stellar source of hydrocarbon grains. The Galactic dust ecology considered by comparing stellar dust injection with depletion by star formation and supernova shocks suggests that dust grains are produced by accretion in molecular clouds at 1 to 5 times the stellar rate.
Linoleic acid levels in white blood cells, platelets, and serum of multiple sclerosis patients

We found a small but statistically significant reduction in the linoleic acid concentration of white blood cells and platelets in MS patients. The percent linoleic acid concentration (mean +/- S.D.) in the white blood cells if 24 MS patients was 8.8 +/- 1.8% as compared with 11.4 +/- 4.9 in 24 age and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.05). Platelet levels were 8.5 +/- 2.4% and 10.6 +/- 3.8% respectively (P less than 0.05). Serum linoleic acid levels were not significantly different in the two groups. The possible role of linoleic acid in the pathogenesis of MS has yet to be defined.
X-ray-stimulated electronic Raman scattering in neutral gases and inhibited ionization

We theoretically demonstrate the feasibility of resonantly enhanced, stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) of Se x-ray laser radiation in atomic He and Li and estimate the Stokes output. We show that, despite strong photoionization, the conversion efficiency of the Raman process can be considerably high. We despite also found that coherent SERS can significantly inhibit x-ray-induced photoionization.
Using Hardware Memory Protection to Build a High-Performance, Strongly-Atomic Hybrid Transactional Memory

We demonstrate how fine-grained memory protection can be used in support of transactional memory systems: first showing how a software transactional memory system (STM) can be made strongly atomic by using memory protection on transactionally-held state, then showing how such a strongly-atomic STM can be used with a bounded hardware TM system to build a hybrid TM system in which zero-overhead hardware transactions may safely run concurrently with potentially-conflicting software transactions. We experimentally demonstrate how this hybrid TM organization avoids the common-case overheads associated with previous hybrid TM proposals, achieving performance rivaling an unbounded HTM system without the hardware complexity of ensuring completion of arbitrary transactions in hardware. As part of our findings, we identify key policies regarding contention management within and across the hardware and software TM components that are key to achieving robust performance with a hybrid TM.
Whole brain radiotherapy for patients with poor prognosis: possibilities for the impact of the QUARTZ trial.

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been a standard treatment in the management of patients with brain metastases since the initial report on the utility of WBRT by Chao in 1954 (1). However, the benefit of WBRT for patients with poor prognosis continues to be debated (2). The Medical Research Council’s (MRC’s) QUARTZ study (Quality of Life after Treatment for Brain Metastases) was designed to provide data regarding the impact of WBRT on quality of life for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases with a poor prognosis and for whom benefit or lack of benefit of WBRT cannot be clearly defined (3). The trial has completed accrual, and results are expected to be reported in the coming months. However, the MRC took the unique step of releasing interim results in 2013 that did not show any hint of difference between quality of life and survival among patients who received WBRT, dexamethasone and optimal supportive care (OSC) versus dexamethasone and OSC alone (4); as we anticipate final results of this trial, it is worth reviewing the interim analysis in more detail and exploring the potential impact this study will have on the management of patients with poor prognosis and brain metastases.
On the Inhibition of Muscle Membrane Chloride Conductance by Aromatic Carboxylic Acids

25 aromatic carboxylic acids which are analogs of benzoic acid were tested in the rat diaphragm preparation for effects on chloride conductance (G(Cl)). Of the 25, 19 were shown to reduce membrane G(Cl) with little effect on other membrane parameters, although their apparent K(i) varied widely. This inhibition was reversible if exposure times were not prolonged. The most effective analog studied was anthracene-9-COOH (9-AC; K(i) = 1.1 x 10(-5) M). Active analogs produced concentration-dependent inhibition of a type consistent with interaction at a single site or group of sites having similar binding affinities, although a correlation could also be shown between lipophilicity and K(i). Structure-activity analysis indicated that hydrophobic ring substitution usually increased inhibitory activity while para polar substitutions reduced effectiveness. These compounds do not appear to inhibit G(Cl) by altering membrane surface charge and the inhibition produced is not voltage dependent. Qualitative characteristics of the I-V relationship for Cl(-) current are not altered. Conductance to all anions is not uniformly altered by these acids as would be expected from steric occlusion of a common channel. Concentrations of 9-AC reducing G(Cl) by more than 90 percent resulted in slight augmentation of G(I). The complete conductance sequence obtained at high levels of 9-AC was the reverse of that obtained under control conditions. Permeability sequences underwent progressive changes with increasing 9-AC concentration and ultimately inverted at high levels of the analog. Aromatic carboxylic acids appear to inhibit G(Cl) by binding to a specific intramembrane site and altering the selectivity sequence of the membrane anion channel.
Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the role of the automated external defibrillator.

Context Sudden cardiac death is a major public health problem in the United States, and improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been the subject of intense study. Early defibrillation has been shown to be critical to improving survival. Use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has become an important component of emergency medical systems, and recent advances in AED technology have allowed expansion of AED use to nontraditional first responders and the lay public. Objectives To examine advancements in AED technology, review the impact of AEDs on time to defibrillation and survival, and explore the future role of AEDs in the effort to improve survival following sudden cardiac arrest. Data sources MEDLINE was searched for articles from 1966 through December 2000 (Medical Subject Headings: electric countershock, heart arrest, resuscitation, emergency medical services; keywords: automatic external defibrillator, automated external defibrillator, public access defibrillation). Reference lists of relevant articles, news releases, and product information from manufacturers were also reviewed. Study selection Initial MEDLINE search produced 4816 articles, from which 101 articles were selected for referencing based on having been published in a peer-reviewed journal and on relevance to the subject of the manuscript as determined by all 5 authors. Data extraction All studies were critically reviewed for relevance, accuracy, and quality of data and study design by all authors. Data synthesis Recent advances in AED technology and design have resulted in marked simplification of AED operation, improvements in accuracy and effectiveness, and reductions in cost. Use of AEDs by first responders and laypersons has reduced time to defibrillation and improved survival from sudden cardiac arrest in several communities. Initial studies of the cost-effectiveness of AED use in comparison with other commonly used treatments are favorable. Conclusion The AED represents an efficient method of delivering defibrillation to persons experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its use by both traditional and nontraditional first responders appears to be safe and effective. The rapidly expanding role of AEDs in traditional emergency medical systems is supported by the literature, and initial studies of public access to defibrillation offer hope that further improvements in survival after sudden cardiac death can be achieved.
The Quality of Ambulatory Care Delivered to Children in the United States

Methods We assessed the extent to which care processes recommended for pediatric outpatients are delivered. Quality indicators were developed with the use of the RAND– UCLA modified Delphi method. Parents of 1536 children who were randomly selected from 12 metropolitan areas provided written informed consent to obtain medical records from all providers who had seen the children during the 2-year period before the date of study recruitment. Trained nurses abstracted these medical records. Composite quality scores were calculated by dividing the number of times indicated care was documented as having been ordered or delivered by the number of times a care process was indicated. Results On average, according to data in the medical records, children in the study received 46.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44.5 to 48.4) of the indicated care. They received 67.6% (95% CI, 63.9 to 71.3) of the indicated care for acute medical problems, 53.4% (95% CI, 50.0 to 56.8) of the indicated care for chronic medical conditions, and 40.7% (95% CI, 38.1 to 43.4) of the indicated preventive care. Quality varied according to the clinical area, with the rate of adherence to indicated care ranging from 92.0% (95% CI, 89.9 to 94.1) for upper respiratory tract infections to 34.5% (95% CI, 31.0 to 37.9) for preventive services for adolescents. Conclusions Deficits in the quality of care provided to children appear to be similar in magnitude to those previously reported for adults. Strategies to reduce these apparent deficits are needed.
Link-level scheduling for network-level performance

A service discipline for the link transmission scheduling in a virtual circuit network with arbitrary topology is proposed. The scheduling of each link is based on the traffic at its origin node only. It is performed in two levels operating in different time scales. In the slower time scale the fraction of the link capacity to be allocated to the different streams is updated such that it remains proportional to the traffic of each stream that has arrived at the origin node of the link. In the faster time scale the link capacity is shared, such that the fractions of the capacity allocated by the bandwidth allocation policy are honored. A fluid traffic model is considered and processor sharing service is assumed. The policy is analyzed and it is shown that the existence of rates of the arrival streams guarantees that the allocated bandwidth at each stream will converge to a value larger than the link load. When the arrival streams are regulated to satisfy certain burstiness constraints, then the backlog at each network node is bounded as well. >
Regional concentration of putative nicotinic-cholinergic receptor sites in human brain.

Abstract Various anatomically distinct regions from postmortem human brain were analyzed for α-bungarotoxin (α-BuTX) binding and choline acetyltransferase activity. There was a heterogeneous distribution of both α-BuTX and enzyme activity in the regions studied. Although levels of α-BuTX binding were lower than those reported in other mammalian brain studies, the relative regional concentration was, in general, similar to that of other mammals. High binding activity was noted in the mammillary body, uncus, colliculi, and cortex. Lowest activity was observed in the caudate nucleus and cerebellum. Choline acetyltransferase activities in parallel assays confirmed prior data in human brain.
Early to Middle Pennsylvanian Changes in Paleoslope and Sediment Source Terranes in Northwest Illinois: ABSTRACT

The Abbott Formation (Atokan) conformably overlies the Caseyville Formation (Morrowan) which unconformably overlies Silurian and Mississippian units in the Rock Island area, Illinois. The two formations have a similar composition of Qm95-100, Ls0-5. More than 70% of quartz and heavy mineral grains (tourmaline and zircon; minor rutile and garnet) are rounded to well rounded. Their source is interpretated as a mature sediment on the craton, whereas equivalent sandstones in southern Illinois have an inferred metamorphic terrane component in the source. Sediments of the Spoon Formation (Desmoinesian) conformably overlie the Abbott Formation, but their sandstones differ in composition. Spoon sandstones comprise Qm45-60, Qp7-20, F5-10, Lm5-18, Ls1-8, and heavy minerals (tourmaline and zircon; minor sphere, garnet, hornblende). More than 55% of grains are angular to subrounded. The compositional change reflects a new sediment supply to the Rock Island area during the Desmoinesian. Grains from a metamorphic terrane are inferred to be mixed with those from a mature sediment. Paleocurrent data indicate that a change in paleoslope near Rock Island coincided with the compositional change. The early Pennsylvanian fluvial system was probably locally controlled by the Mississippi River arch and flowed to the north. The arch could then have been submerged during the Desmoinesian, and flow was toward the southwest down cratonic paleoslope (which had influenced regional flow since the Morrowan. Paleocurrent and petrologic data indicate that lower Pennsylvanian basin fill in western Illinois was derived from the northeast rather than the northwest (Transcontinental arch) as previously suggested. End_of_Article - Last_Page 490------------
Measures of quality of life among persons with severe and persistent mental disorders

In order to provide clinicians, researchers, program evaluators, and administrators with current information on the assessment of humanistic outcomes of services for persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMI), the literature on measuring quality of life (QOL) for these persons is summarized. The literature on QOL assessment procedures up to the end of October 1992 for persons with SPMI is reviewed, covering QOL measures that at a minimum assess subjective well-being. Measures are summarized according to purpose, content, psychometric properties, patient subgroups with whom used, and key references. Ten QOL measures are summarized and reflect considerable variability on the parameters examined. Comprehensive, reliable, and valid measures of QOL are available although further development of QOL assessment methodologies is needed. More importantly, we must strive for a better understanding of how to interpret and use QOL outcome information.
Personality Correlates of Conflict Resolution Modes

This article investigates the correlation of personality variables and inter-group conflict resolution modes. In the first of two -research approaches, EPPS scores of 64 college students on aggression, dominance, affiliation, and achievement were correlated with preferences for confronting, forcing, and smoothing. A field study correlated EPPS variables of 19 boundary personnel with ratings on resolution modes by 57 interorganizational correspondents. As hypothesized, achievement was positively correlated with confronting under both research approaches. Only students' aggression scores correlated weakly and positively with preference for forcing. Affiliation and smoothing were also weakly and positively correlated with the students but not in the field.
Role of transglutaminase and protein cross-linking in the repair of mucosal stress erosions

We have recently demonstrated that polyamines are absolutely required for gastric and duodenal mucosal repair after stress. Polyamines act as substrates for transglutaminase and facilitate protein cross-linking. The current study tests whether transglutaminase and protein cross-linking are involved in the mechanism of mucosal healing. Rats were fasted 22 h, placed in restraint cages, and immersed in water to the xiphoid process for 6 h. Animals were killed immediately or 4, 12, or 24 h after stress. Gastric and duodenal mucosa were examined histologically and grossly, and transglutaminase activity was measured. Transglutaminase activity in gastric and duodenal mucosa was increased significantly from 0 to 8 h, peaking 4 h after the 6-h stress period. By 12 h, enzyme activity in duodenal mucosa had returned to control values while gastric mucosal transglutaminase did not decrease to control values until 24 h. Mucosal recovery from lesions produced by stress was evident 12 h after stress and was almost complete by 24 h. Dansylcadaverine (100 mg/kg, orally), a specific inhibitor of protein cross-linking, not only prevented the increases in transglutaminase but significantly decreased healing in both tissues. Oral administration of the polyamine spermidine (100 mg/kg) immediately after stress totally prevented inhibition of repair caused by blocking ornithine decarboxylase with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 500 mg/kg). Administration of dansylcadaverine, together with spermidine, significantly prevented the beneficial effect of spermidine on mucosal healing in the DFMO-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Morphology and Microstructure of the Hepatobiliary System

Liver and gallbladder disease is a common entity around the world and according to the World Health Organization estimation accounts for 46.1% of global disease [1]. Liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease, segmental resection for tumor, and therapeutic interventional maneuvers has made it necessary to have thorough knowledge of the morphology of the liver and biliary system in much greater detail than ever before [2]. With the widespread application of segmental liver resection for living donor liver transplantation or radioablation of liver tumors, thorough knowledge of internal structures is critical for radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and surgeons. Since the publication of the first edition of our book in 2000, many advances in liver disease therapy have taken place, making it necessary to provide more detailed anatomic and histopathological information. Anatomical details of the vascular and ductal structures are well depicted on a multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), enabling identification of the third or fourth order branches on the images. Such detailed structural information is necessary for surgeons for segmental resection of the liver.
Eggs of Floodwater Mosquitoes (Diplera: culicidae) VI. Effect of Metabolites on Latent Embryos in Uncapped Eggs.∗

SummaryLatency in both intact and manually uncapped eggs of floodwater mosquitoes may be continued or terminated at will. Conditioned embryos in uncapped eggs become active in a modified Ringer's solution. Latency may be continued in such embryos by adding metabolites such as glucose, fructose and salts of organic acids which are recognized substrates in oxidative metabolism to the basic Ringer's solution.
Effect of aminophylline on myocardial reactive hyperemia.

SummaryThe effect of aminophylline on the coronary vasodilator effect of adenosine and myocardial reactive hyperemia following different periods of coronary occlusion was studied in 5 anesthetized dogs. It has been shown that aminophylline decreases the volume and duration of hyperemic flow produced by adenosine approximately 41 and 11%, respectively, and by ischemia, approximately 42 and 31%, respectively. These results support the concept that adenosine is possibly a metabolic mediator in the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Heron's Area Formula

(1987). Heron's Area Formula. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 137-138.
Polymer Properties Associated with Calcification of Cardiovascular Devices

Nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate crystals on blood pumps designed to assist or replace the natural heart is a limiting factor in the long-term survival of experimental animals. This phenomenon, first reported by Olsen et al. [24] in 1975, is an acknowledged problem in all cardiovascular implant centers with routine animal survival times greater than 100 days[8]. The exact cause of the deposition of calcium phosphate, crystallization, and growth is not known, but several factors have been identified as important participants in the process. These factors will be discussed in some detail below.
Observation of trends in manic-depressive psychosis.

(1949). Observation of Trends in Manic-Depressive Psychosis. Psychiatry: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 125-134.
Trends and determinants of IUD use in the USA, 2002-2012.

STUDY QUESTION What factors and subgroups have propelled the recent increase in intrauterine device (IUD) use in the USA? SUMMARY ANSWER The increase in IUD use, from 1.8 to 9.5% in the USA between 2002 and 2012, was driven primarily by a marked uptake among parous women who intended to have more children. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Recent data suggest an unprecedented increase in IUD use among women in the USA, yet less is known about how this increase has affected the overall proportion of women, at risk of unintended pregnancy, who are using contraception and which social and economic groups are involved. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data are drawn from the 2002 and 2011-2013 National Surveys of Family Growth. The surveys were based on cross-sectional, national samples of women of 15-44 years of age in the USA. Women responded to in-person interviews, which lasted an average of 80 min. The response rate was 80% in 2002 and 73% in 2011-2013. The sample included 7643 completed interviews in 2002 and 5601 interviews in 2011-2013. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study was limited to women at risk of unintended pregnancy, i.e. women who were sexually active in the previous 3 months (using contraception or not); it excludes women who were sterile, currently pregnant or trying to conceive. Altogether, 5181 women were at risk in the 2002 sample and 3681 were at risk in the 2012 sample. We used descriptive statistics to investigate trends in contraceptive use patterns by women's sociodemographic characteristics between 2002 and 2012 and used logistic regression to identify current predictors of IUD use in 2012. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IUD use increased from 1.8% in 2002 to 9.5% in 2012 (P < 0.001). The surge was especially marked among parous women who intended to have more children (4.2% in 2002 to 19.3% in 2012; P < 0.001); it occurred to a lesser extent among parous women who did not intend to have more children (2.0-9.7% P < 0.001), suggesting that IUDs are more often used for spacing than for ending childbearing in the USA. The most important predictors of IUD use in 2012 were age, parity and intent to have children. Dissatisfaction with a previous method was also associated with IUD use (adjusted odds ratio = 1.89, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As with all cross-sectional studies, causal inference is limited. Data are self-reported, but the survey had a high response rate and rigorous quality controls. WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS This study shows promising trends in the use of highly effective contraceptive methods in the USA, which may help to explain recently reported declines in unintended pregnancy in the USA. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Caroline Moreau was supported by the William Robertson endowment funds. The work of Hannah Lantos and William Mosher on this analysis was supported by the Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.
Adjuvant use of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.

Purpose. Emerging data from clinical trials on the use of aromatase inhibitors in the management of early-stage, hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women are reviewed. Summary. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens and the only source of estrogens in postmenopausal women. Clinical trials using aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer are few but significant because of their comparative design with tamoxifen given for five years, long regarded as the gold standard for breast cancer treatment. Data from the Anastrozole, Tamoxifen and Combination trial, the MA-17 trial (letrozole compared with placebo), the Italian Tamoxifen Arimidex trial (anastrozole following tamoxifen), and the Intergroup Exemestane Study have shown promising efficacy and safety in the use of these agents. While the optimal aromatase inhibitor for use in the adjuvant setting has not been elucidated, current evidence-based recommendations include using (1) anastrozole as the first adjuvant therapy for five years, (2) tamoxifen for two to three years, then exemestane or anastrozole for the remainder of the five years, and (3) tamoxifen for five years, then letrozole for another five years. Conclusion. While their impact on survival has not been determined, aromatase inhibitors are slowly changing the management of early-stage, hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women because of improved disease-free survival rates. Their ultimate role in therapy is unknown, but educating patients about the potential risks and benefits will allow them to make informed decisions regarding these data and their breast cancer care.
Synthetic small molecule GLP-1 secretagogues prepared by means of a three-component indole annulation strategy.

Rational assembly of small molecule libraries for purposes of drug discovery requires an efficient approach in which the synthesis of bioactive compounds is enabled so that numerous structurally related compounds of a similar basic formulation can be derived. Here, we describe (4 + 3) and (3 + 2) indole annulation strategies that quickly generate complex indole heterocycle libraries that contain novel cyclohepta- and cyclopenta[b]indoles, respectively. Screening of one such library comprised of these indoles identifies JWU-A021 to be an especially potent stimulator of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in vitro. Surprisingly, JWU-A021 is also a potent stimulator of Ca2+ influx through TRPA1 cation channels (EC50 ca. 200 nM), thereby explaining its ability to stimulate GLP-1 release. Of additional importance, the available evidence indicates that JWU-A021 is one of the most potent non-electrophilic TRPA-1 channel agonists yet to be reported in the literature.
SU-C-202-03: A Tool for Automatic Calculation of Delivered Dose Variation for Off-Line Adaptive Therapy Using Cone Beam CT

Purpose: Monitoring the delivered dose is an important task for the adaptive radiotherapy (ART) and for determining time to re-plan. A software tool which enables automatic delivered dose calculation using cone-beam CT (CBCT) has been developed and tested. Methods: The tool consists of four components: a CBCT Colleting Module (CCM), a Plan Registration Moduel (PRM), a Dose Calculation Module (DCM), and an Evaluation and Action Module (EAM). The CCM is triggered periodically (e.g. every 1:00 AM) to search for newly acquired CBCTs of patients of interest and then export the DICOM files of the images and related registrations defined in ARIA followed by triggering the PRM. The PRM imports the DICOM images and registrations, links the CBCTs to the related treatment plan of the patient in the planning system (RayStation V4.5, RaySearch, Stockholm, Sweden). A pre-determined CT-to-density table is automatically generated for dose calculation. Current version of the DCM uses a rigid registration which regards the treatment isocenter of the CBCT to be the isocenter of the treatment plan. Then it starts the dose calculation automatically. The AEM evaluates the plan using pre-determined plan evaluation parameters: PTV dose-volume metrics and critical organ doses. The tool has been tested for 10 patients. Results: Automatic plans are generated and saved in the order of the treatment dates of the Adaptive Planning module of the RayStation planning system, without any manual intervention. Once the CTV dose deviates more than 3%, both email and page alerts are sent to the physician and the physicist of the patient so that one can look the case closely. Conclusion: The tool is capable to perform automatic dose tracking and to alert clinicians when an action is needed. It is clinically useful for off-line adaptive therapy to catch any gross error. Practical way of determining alarming level for OAR is under development.
Evidence That Deletion of ETS-1, a Gene in the Jacobsen Syndrome (11q-) Cardiac Critical Region, Causes Congenital Heart Defects through Impaired Cardiac Neural Crest Cell Function

Jacobsen syndrome (11q-) is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by multiple problems including congenital heart defects, behavioral problems, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and bleeding problems. Septal defects, including double outlet right ventricle (DORV), are among the most common CHDs that occur in 11q-. One possible mechanism underlying the CHDs and other problems in 11q- is a defect in neural crest cell function. The E26 avian leukemia 1, 5′ domain (ETS-1) gene is a member of the ETS-domain transcription factor family. ETS-1 is deleted in every 11q- patient with CHDs, and gene-targeted deletion of the ETS-1 gene in C57/B6 mice causes DORV with 100 % penetrance. Normal murine cardiac development requires precisely regulated specification of the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs). To begin to define the role of ETS-1 in mammalian cardiac development, we have demonstrated that ETS-1 is strongly expressed in mouse cNCCs during early heart development. Sox10 is a key regulator for the neural crest cell gene regulatory network. It is also an early marker for NCCs, and its expression can facilitate the analysis of cNCC function during embryonic development. We have demonstrated that loss of ETS-1 causes decreased migrating Sox10-expressing cells in E10.5 C57/B6 mouse embryos. These results suggest a NCC migration defect in ETS-1 mutants. Our data support the hypothesis that ETS-1 is required for specification and migration of cNCCs and for regulating a cNCC-specific gene regulatory network that is required for normal cardiac development.
CELF1 is a central node in post-transcriptional regulatory programmes underlying EMT

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a key process in tumorigenesis but little is known about the molecular mechanism regulating such process at the translational level. Here, the authors identify a subset of mRNAs important for this process that are specifically modulated by the RNA-binding protein CELF1.
Fireside Corrosion of Alumina-Forming Austenitic (AFA) Stainless Steels

The performance of four alumina-forming austenitic alloys was tested in simulative fireside corrosion atmospheres. The alloys were exposed at 700 °C to gas atmospheres of oxygen with varying amounts of SO2 with two deposits, one which contained Na2SO4/K2SO4/Fe2O3 in a 1.5:1.5:1.0 molar ratio (SCM) and the other Na2SO4/K2SO4 in a 1:1 molar ratio (M1). The specimens were placed into alumina crucibles and submerged halfway in the powder deposits. Corrosion first initiated in the region where the deposit was thinnest. In the SCM, most alloys exhibited two-stage kinetics: an initiation stage during which degradation was slow followed by a propagation stage during which degradation was rapid. Exposures in the SCM deposit showed a significant effect of alloy composition and microstructure. In the as-processed state, OC4 suffered severe scale spallation and was not protective, while OC8, which contains a higher Cr content, remained protective. The exposures with the various microstructures indicate the significance of the factor on fireside corrosion. The OC8 alloy was extremely resistant in the as-processed state but was rapidly degraded when the microstructure had been equilibrated prior to exposure. Conversely, the OCS and OCT alloys, which were borderline in the as-processed state were quite resistant after their microstructures had been equilibrated. The results indicate that corrosion resistance in these environments comes from alumina, but the alloys need more Cr and in a very accessible microstructure location to get the third-element effect to promote the alumina. The weight changes and the amount of degradation were more severe with M1 than with the SCM. There was more corrosion when the alkali iron trisulfates must be formed from a thermally grown iron oxide scale, than when the iron oxide was already in the deposit. In the latter case, the rate of degradation by “synergistic fluxing” was reduced.
Stochastic multiresolution persistent homology kernel

We introduce a new topological feature representation for point cloud objects. Specifically, we construct a Stochastic Multiresolution Persistent Homology (SMURPH) kernel which represents an object's persistent homology at different resolutions. Under the SMURPH kernel two objects are similar if they have similar number and sizes of "hole" at these resolutions. Our multiresolution kernel can capture both global topology and fine-grained topological texture in the data. Importantly, on large point clouds the SMURPH kernel is more computationally tractable compared to existing topological data analysis methods. We demonstrate SMURPH's potential for clustering and classification on several applications, including eye disease classification and human activity recognition.
Secondary and Transition Programming for 18-21 Year Old Students in Rural Wisconsin:

In a study that examined transition services for students with disabilities aged 18-21 years in the state of Wisconsin, respondent completed and returned 231 surveys. Survey data indicated that 50%...
A Parallel Algorithm for Large Scale Optimal Control Problems Using Spatial Decomposition and Coordination * *The work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-8717167. The authors would like to thank Professor S. C. Chang of National Taiwan University for valuable comments.

Abstract This paper presents a new parallel algorithm for solving large scale, discrete-time optimal control problems under parallel processing environments. The idea is to decompose an optimal control problem into a number of smaller subproblems by using the spatial decomposition and goal coordination scheme. The couplings among subsystems are relaxed by introducing coupling variables and Lagrange multipliers, and decomposed subproblems are solved in parallel by using the Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) method. The Lagrange multipliers are selected as coordinating variables, and are updated at the high level. An analytical approach for estimating the computational complexity of decomposition/coordination algorithms is introduced, and relations between speed-up and major system parameters are established. It is shown that significant speed-ups are difficult to achieve by using conventional optimization techniques at the high level. The reduction in computational requirements for solving lower dimensional subproblems in parallel may be offset by a large number of high level iterations. The Parallel Variable Metric (PVM) is found to be a promising high level algorithm for loosely coupled systems. Numerical results show that comparing with one level DDP, the PVM/DDP algorithm can obtain significant speed-ups under a simulated parallel processing environment. Moreover, global variational feedback controls which are invaluable for on-line control systems are obtained.
Keeping an Open Door: Past Problems, Best Practices, and Future Directions for Working with Interpersonal Violence Survivors with Disabilities

The experiences of survivors of interpersonal violence who have disabilities are shaped by a complex array of both disability- and violence-related factors. Additionally, each survivor’s experiences and needs are further influenced by the intersection of other aspects of identity, such as gender, sexual orientation, religion, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This web of intersectionality often makes it difficult for survivors with disabilities to access support that is both physically and programmatically accessible to them and also capable of meeting their needs in a culturally competent manner. In this chapter, we propose a “no wrong door” model in which providers work in a collaborative and consultative manner to provide culturally competent, accessible, and effective services to survivors with disabilities regardless of where they first seek help.
Realignment surgery in adult spinal deformity : Prevalence and risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis.

Although surgical techniques pertaining to adult spinal deformity (ASD) have advanced over the last decade, proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is still a complication following surgery for ASD that continues to significantly challenge clinicians. This article aimed to report on the prevalence of PJK as well as enhance understanding of surgically modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of PJK to guide management of this postoperative complication of ASD. As the understanding of the pathogenesis as well as surgical modifications aimed at reducing the incidence of PJK have advanced, so too should clinicians’ ability to implement more patient-specific operative plans and improve outcomes following realignment surgery for ASD.
A User Space-based Project for Practicing Core Memory Management Concepts

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a novel project designed to facilitate the learning of memory management concepts and interactions between different components. This project removes the complexity of a full or specific operating system by implementing memory management inside the user space. Evaluation results show that the mean exam scores improved by about 29% to 34%. On average, the total code size is less than 300 lines and time spent working on this project is under 17 hours. Therefore, this project is beneficial in helping students learn memory management while maintaining a reasonable project workload.
Effects of Answer Space Size on Responses to Open-ended Questions in Mail Surveys

Open-ended questions can provide valuable information to help researchers understand a respondent’s thinking but using such questions has proven problematic in mail surveys. Experimental data are used to assess the impact of answer space size on the length and content of responses to two open-ended questions that are part of Florida Cooperative Extension’s customer satisfaction survey. Based on 2,200 responses collected from 2003 to 2006, the size of the answer space showed no effect on the propensity to answer, but did affect the length of the response, with larger spaces eliciting more words and themes. In addition, larger spaces were more likely to have details elaborated. These results suggest that it is better to design larger answer spaces to more fully capture high-quality responses.
Validation of an indicator of mammalian retinal receptor response: recovery in the dark following exposure to a luminous stimulus.

A histochemical reaction has been described which allows the investigator to distinguish between light and dark adapted retinal receptors. The incubation medium employed contained NBT, succinate, TC 199, and a buffer. The reactive process studied has its locus in the ellipsoid of the retinal receptor. Several response characteristics of this reaction have been reported, including the finding that this reactive process is dependent upon the absorption of energy by photosensitive pigment located in the neighboring receptor outer segment. In this paper, the recovery of the reactive process in the dark following exposure to light has been considered. Dark adapted albino rats were exposed to calibrated luminous stimuli (500 nm.). After exposure, varying time periods (in the dark) were allowed prior to dissecting the retina from the eye of the living animal. The dissected retina was incubated in the dark in our standard medium, the reaction was stopped, and the retina was examined for the presence (or lack) of a stained image of the instrument field stop. The retinal irradiance of the (initial) stimulus was determined for threshold detection of the (subsequently) stained latent image on the retina. A relatively simple semilogarithmic relationship was found between the stimulus magnitude necessary to induce a just noticeable stained image, and the time the animal was kept in the dark following light exposure (recovery time). The following added test conditions were considered: (1) The retina was dissected immediately after exposure and placed in normal saline in the dark for the test period; then, it was processed in the standard, manner. (2) The animal was killed immediately after exposure to the stimulus; the eye was left in situ during the recovery period; then, the retina was dissected and processed in the usual way.
Epigenetic Responses to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation

Two epigenetically regulated subsets of genes that potentially link environmental exposures early in development to adult diseases are imprinted genes and those with metastable epialleles. Genes with metastable epialleles have highly variable expressions because of stochastic allelic modifications in the epigenome. Genomic imprinting is an unusual epigenetic form of gene regulation that results in monoallelic expression in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. The viable yellow agouti (Avy) mouse harbors a metastable Agouti gene because of an upstream insertion of a transposable element. We previously used this animal model to demonstrate that nutritional and chemical toxicant exposures during early development induce persistent epigenetic changes at the Avy locus that result in alterations in coat color and adult disease susceptibility. We also showed that low doses of ionizing radiation (
Predictors of change in affect in response to high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and sprint interval exercise (SIE).

Abstract Affect is typically positive at intensities below the lactate or ventilatory threshold, yet more aversive responses occur at supra-threshold intensities which may reduce positive perceptions of exercise. Completion of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) typically elicits a reduction in affect, yet greater post-exercise enjoyment has been reported in response to HIIE versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE). This study examined affectual responses to HIIE and sprint interval exercise (SIE) in 71 active men and women (age = 24.0 ± 4.8 year). Participants performed various HIIE and SIE regimes on the cycle ergometer during which affect (+5 – −5 scale), rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg 1–10 scale), and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were determined. Enjoyment was measured post-exercise using the PACES scale. Predictors of change in these variables in response to exercise were identified using multiple regression. Results showed a significant reduction in affect (p = .001) which was greater (p = .03) with SIE (−5.7 ± 2.7) compared to HIIE (−4.3 ± 2.4). Nevertheless, there was marked variability in the affect response across participants, as its change ranged from −1 to −7 units from pre- to post-exercise in 85% of all sessions. Sixty two percent of the change in affect seen across regimes was explained by baseline affect, BLa, and enjoyment. Significant associations were shown between the change in affect and baseline affect (r = −0.46, p
Social Justice and Environmental Displacement

Abstract Climate change is a powerful form of structural violence perpetrated against the world's poorest communities. The international community has failed to mitigate fully or prevent human-indu...
The Value of Real-Time Energy Arbitrage with Energy Storage Systems

The growing penetration of renewable generation has increased the volatility of energy prices, especially in the real-time market. Energy storage owners collect revenues from this price variation by performing energy arbitrage. This paper develops a framework to determine the value of energy arbitrage in the real-time and day-ahead markets. A statistical analysis on the historical energy market data of Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) reveals higher variations in the real-time prices than the day-ahead making the former more favorable for energy arbitrage. First, the maximum potential revenue from each market is calculated using a linear optimization program assuming a perfect foresight of future prices. In this simulation, the real-time market revenues are twice as high as the day-ahead market. A more realistic assumption is also modeled to incorporate the uncertainties and forecast errors in both markets. Two techniques are proposed to handle the uncertainties: back-casting and normal errors. A dynamic shrinking horizon optimization algorithm is developed to better capture the maximum revenue of energy arbitrage in the real-time market based on the actual participation model of energy storage. Even under large forecast errors in the real-time market, higher arbitrage revenues are obtained using the proposed strategy compared to the day-ahead market with the perfect foresight. The higher arbitrage value of the real-time market is guaranteed under a wide range of forecast errors and storage parameters.
One-Year Mortality After Dialysis Initiation Among Older Adults

This cohort study examines the incidence of mortality 1 year after the start of hemodialysis in patients 65 years and older.
Effect of Hologram Size on 3D Reconstruction using Multi-wavelength Digital Holography

Hologram size reduction affects its reconstruction. The effect of hologram size on transverse and longitudinal resolution is investigated in multi-wavelength digital holography, for potential applications in 3D imaging and implementation of deep learning.
Access to Highly Functionalized Cyclopentenones via Diastereoselective Pauson-Khand Reaction of Siloxy-Tethered 1,7-Enynes.

A diastereoselective Co2(CO)8-mediated Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) of siloxy-tethered 1,7-enynes for the synthesis of cyclopentaoxasilinones has been developed. This transformation can be performed...