cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of maternal addiction to prevent child abuse and neglect

Substance abusing mothers are a population neglected by the broader fields of substance abuse research and treatment. They are also at special risk for child abuse and neglect. This paper proposes a treatment model, drawn from the child maltreatment literature, that is also strongly supported by substance abuse research. Barriers within the substance abuse field to the adoption of treatment methods suggested by this model are considered and methods of surmounting those barriers are described. Finally, the need for scientists in the child maltreatment field to draw from the expertise of substance abuse researchers and clinicians is illustrated by data from an ongoing project; these data document the strong link between risk for maltreatment and a history of substance abuse. The need for future collaboration between the two fields is indicated by both literatures and strongly urged here.
Scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium

Abstract Purpose To evaluate reported cases of scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium, with emphasis on previously unreported cases of scleritis. Design Observational case series. Methods Case reports from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects (Casey Eye Institute), the Food and Drug Administration, the World Health Organization, and the literature were reviewed to determine possible adverse ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium. The World Health Organization’s Causality Assessment Guide was used to categorize an adverse drug reaction. Results Seventeen cases of unilateral scleritis and one case of bilateral scleritis occurred, usually within 6 hours to 2 days after intravenous pamidronate disodium. Six patients had positive rechallenge testing with the scleritis occurring after a repeat drug exposure. Other ocular side effects with positive rechallenge data, associated with pamidronate disodium, include blurred vision, nonspecific conjunctivitis, ocular pain, bilateral anterior uveitis, and episcleritis. Conclusions This is the first report, with rechallenge data, of any drug causing scleritis. Pamidronate disodium can cause vision–threatening diseases, which may require discontinuing the drug in some uveitis cases and, in this series, all cases of scleritis.
Estimating sublimation of intercepted and sub-canopy snow using eddy covariance systems

Direct measurements of winter water loss due to sublimation were made in a sub-alpine forest in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Above-and below-canopy eddy covariance systems indicated substantial losses of winter-season snow accumulation in the form of snowpack (0·41 mm d−1) and intercepted snow (0·71 mm d−1) sublimation. The partitioning between these over and under story components of water loss was highly dependent on atmospheric conditions and near-surface conditions at and below the snow/atmosphere interface. High above-canopy sensible heat fluxes lead to strong temperature gradients between vegetation and the snow-surface, driving substantial specific humidity gradients at the snow surface and high sublimation rates. Intercepted snowfall resulted in rapid response of above-canopy latent heat fluxes, high within-canopy sublimation rates (maximum = 3·7 mm d−1), and diminished sub-canopy snowpack sublimation. These results indicate that sublimation losses from the sub-canopy snowpack are strongly dependent on the partitioning of sensible and latent heat fluxes in the canopy. This compels comprehensive studies of snow sublimation in forested regions that integrate sub-canopy and over-story processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Conceptions of Scholarship for a New Generation of Faculty Members

Scholarship Reconsidered gave us an amplified vision of scholarly work, yet this process of tenure has inhibited the full realization of that vision. This chapter argues that we need to make the tenure process work more effectively and flexibly in order to validate and encourage the multiple types of scholarship Boyer proposes.
Obstacles to Reducing AIDS among African Americans.

The major obstacles to sustaining mobilization efforts are objective conditions, attitudes toward sexuality, perceptions of substance abuse and HIV/AIDS, and conflicting policy views. Organizational responses to the epidemic occur within circumstances ofperceived oppression, neglect, competing and conflicting agendas, and religious conservatism. Suspicion, often dismissed by public health officials and community-based outreach workers, neutralizes programmatic activities. Popular reactionsfocus on debates about conspiracy theories, fear of racist stigmatization, anda pervasive sense that only marginal groups are affected. Ambivalence hampers prevention and treatment. Public health education is still not sufficiently penetrating African American neighborhoods. Efforts have not been systematic or continous. Many are top-down actions organized by professional elites aimed at their constituencies rather than neighborhoods. Addicts and their sex partners have not been sufficiently empowered or persuaded in lar...
A cross-cultural exploration of situated learning and coping

Abstract Extant consumer behavior research has alluded to learning in coping with stressful experiences; however, little research exists regarding situated learning or in situ learning that is dynamic and changing in nature. This exploratory study addresses the important but under-studied area: consumers' situated learning with stressful service experiences. It provides in-depth understanding of key factors influencing situated learning and its relevance to effective coping. Specifically, we examine the influencing factors of situated learning and how it relates to effective coping. Besides, we explore the differences in situated learning across two cultural contexts by understanding consumers in USA and China. Through Semi-structured and in-depth interview with 20 U.S. consumers and 16 Chinese consumers, we found that situated learning is an important mechanism that enhances coping. Need for closure, psychological closeness to the problem, and consumer expertise helped enhance consumers' learning and coping. Unlike their U.S. counterparts, Chinese consumers initiated the process of learning long before experiencing the actual service, possessed greater zone of tolerance towards stressful service episodes with attempts to even “save the face” of providers, and trusted their own ability to cope rather than depend on the service provider. Interestingly, U.S. participants discussed the importance of optimism as a way to learn and cope.
Development of a procedure for measuring nitrogen by cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis.

An instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CNPGAA) has been used for the nondestructive determination of nitrogen. The samples were analyzed in an evacuated box to minimize background from neutron capture by atmospheric nitrogen. The system features lower background and lower detection limits than obtainable with the University of Maryland–National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) thermal neutron PGAA instrument. CNPGAA has been used to measure nitrogen in standard reference materials which included biological materials and soils; the results are in agreement with certified values. The detection limit for nitrogen in most biological and geological samples is near 1000 mg kg−1.
String Sources in (2+1)-dimensional Gravity

We exhibit the space-times generated by 1-dimensional open and closed distributions of energy and tension in (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity. The global structures of these geometries, which are locally flat outside the sources, are described. For tensionless strings, the solutions are just (continous) superpositions of corresponding particle geometries. However, the conditions for the existence of static strings with tension are quite stringent: not only are closed strings required to have “maximal” mass, but they are in fact equivalent to the ostensibly open ones.
Light penetration via leaf windows does not increase photosynthesis in three species of desert succulents.

Summary Epidermal windows on leaves may increase the surface area available for light absorption by allowing the transmission of light through the internal succulent, water-storage hydrenchyma and illuminating the chlorenchyma tissue from the inside of the leaf. This would appear to be advantageous by increasing photosynthetic rates in these CAM plants, especially for taxa that grow partially underground in their native habitats. This hypothetical benefit of windows, however, has rarely been experimentally investigated. Thus, net CO2 exchange was measured on plants of Haworthia truncata, Lithops olivacea (both with a below-ground growth habit), and Peperomia graveolens (with an aboveground growth habit) with their windows covered by reflective tape, and the results were compared with plants having unobstructed windows. Despite past assumptions about the function of leaf windows in these succulents, net C02 exchange and nocturnal accumulations of malic acid were not significantly greater in plants with unobstructed windows.
Modification of poor growth of parental marrow cells in F1 hybrid mice.

ACCORDING to the present genetic theory, parental (P) strain cells transplanted to an F1 hybrid introduce no foreign antigen to the host, incite no homograft response, and survive indefinitely. This has been shown experimentally with P→F1 skin grafts. Some P-strain tumour cells, however, have been shown to grow poorly in F1 hybrids1; and transplants of antibody-forming and haemopoietic cells from certain P strains fail to grow in F1 hybrids at a rate comparable to that seen in isologous controls2,3. One of the puzzling features of this phenomenon is the fact that morphologically intact P→F1 skin grafts survive even in strain combinations where grafts of dissociated cells fail.
Fast chromatic dispersion estimation for coherent optical transmission systems

Proposed is a fast chromatic dispersion estimation scheme for coherent fibre-optic transmission systems. The scheme uses an alternating signal sequence as a pilot, which enables chromatic dispersion (CD) values to be estimated quickly and accurately. Experimental results show that the scheme can achieve fast and accurate CD estimation with only 0.4% of the pilot signal overhead in 100G-class coherent optical transmission systems.
Negative Regulation of T Cell Activation and Autoimmunity by the Transmembrane Adaptor Protein LAB

Summary LAB (linker for activation of B cells), also known as NTAL (non-T cell activation linker), is a LAT (linker for activation of T cells)-like adaptor protein that is expressed in B, NK, and mast cells. Its role in lymphocytes has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we showed that aged LAB-deficient ( Lat2 −/− ) mice developed an autoimmune syndrome. Lat2 −/− T cells were hyperactivated and produced more cytokines than Lat2 +/+ T cells. Even though LAB was absent in naive T cells, LAB could be detected in activated Lat2 +/+ T cells. LAT-mediated signaling events were enhanced in Lat2 −/− T cells; however, they were suppressed in T cells that overexpressed LAB. Mice with the Lat2 gene conditionally deleted from T cells also developed the autoimmune syndrome like Lat2 −/− mice. Together, these data demonstrated an important role of LAB in limiting autoimmune response and exposed a mechanism regulating T cell activation.
Experience in design and implementation of an IGES translator

Abstract This paper describes a general design concept for an IGES translator. The design allows implementation of IGES translators for different CAD/CAM systems with a minimum of programming effort. It divides the functions of an IGES translator into two categories: those common to implementations of an IGES translator, and those specific to the target system. Allowing user interactions to control entity mappings, the design adds user flexibility to an IGES translator. Different results that can be created for an IGES file are shown and discussed, using a sample implementation.
Connecting atmospheric science and atmospheric models for aerocapture at Titan and the outer planets

Abstract Many atmospheric measurement systems, such as the sounding instruments on Voyager, gather atmospheric information in the form of temperature versus pressure level. In these terms, there is considerable consistency among the mean atmospheric profiles of the outer planets Jupiter through Neptune, including Titan. On a given planet or on Titan, the range of variability of temperature versus pressure level due to seasonal, latitudinal, and diurnal variations is also not large. However, many engineering needs for atmospheric models relate not to temperature versus pressure level but atmospheric density versus geometric altitude. This need is especially true for design and analysis of aerocapture systems. Drag force available for aerocapture is directly proportional to atmospheric density. Available aerocapture “corridor width” (allowable range of atmospheric entry angle) also depends on height rate of change of atmospheric density, as characterized by density scale height. Characteristics of hydrostatics and the gas law equation mean that relatively small systematic differences in temperature versus pressure profiles can integrate at high altitudes to very large differences in density versus altitude profiles. Thus, a given periapsis density required to accomplish successful aerocapture can occur at substantially different altitudes ( ∼ 150 –300 km) on the various outer planets, and significantly different density scale heights ( ∼ 20 –50 km) can occur at these periapsis altitudes. This paper will illustrate these effects and discuss implications for improvements in atmospheric measurements to yield significant impact on design of aerocapture systems for future missions to Titan and the outer planets. Relatively small-scale atmospheric perturbations, such as gravity waves, tides, and other atmospheric variations can also have significant effect on design details for aerocapture guidance and control systems. This paper will discuss benefits that would result from improved understanding of Titan and outer planetary atmospheric perturbation characteristics. Details of recent engineering-level atmospheric models for Titan and Neptune will be presented, and effects of present and future levels of atmospheric uncertainty and variability characteristics will be examined.
The Binding Affinity of Ff Gene 5 Protein Depends on the Nearest-Neighbor Composition of the ssDNA Substrate

The Ff gene 5 protein (g5p) is considered to be a nonspecific single-stranded DNA binding protein, because it binds cooperatively to and saturates the Ff bacteriophage single-stranded DNA genome and other single-stranded polynucleotides. However, the binding affinity Komega (the intrinsic binding constant times a cooperativity factor) differs by over an order of magnitude for binding to single-stranded polynucleotides such as poly[d(A)] and poly[d(C)]. A polynucleotide that is more stacked, like poly[d(A)], binds more weakly than one that is less stacked, like poly[d(C)]. To test the hypothesis that DNA base stacking, a nearest-neighbor property, is involved in the binding affinity of the Ff g5p for different DNA sequences, Komega values were determined as a function of NaCl concentration for binding to six synthetic sequences 48 nucleotides in length: dA48, dC48, d(AAC)16, d(ACC)16, d(AACC)12, and d(AAACC)9A3. The binding affinities of the protein for these sequences were indeed found to be related to the nearest-neighbor compositions of the sequences, rather than to simple base compositions. That is, the g5p binding site, which is spanned by four nucleotides, discriminates among these sequences on the basis of the relative numbers of nearest neighbors (AA, CC, and AC plus CA) in the sequence. The results support the hypothesis that the extent of base stacking/unstacking of the free, nonbound ssDNA plays an important role in the binding affinity of the Ff gene 5 protein.
Children's understanding of ownership transfers

An understanding of ownership entails the recognition that ownership can be transferred permanently and the ability to differentiate legitimate from illegitimate transfers. Two experiments explored the development of this understanding in 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year olds, using stories about gift-giving and stealing. The possibility that children use simple biases to identify owners, such as a first possessor, current possessor or a loan bias, was also investigated. Five-year olds appropriately acknowledged a permanent transfer of ownership in the case of giving but not stealing. Four-year olds allowed permanent transfers but struggled to differentiate legitimate from illegitimate transfers. Many 4-year olds allowed adults, but not children, to keep property that had been stolen. Two- and 3-year olds exhibited a first possessor bias for both stories. We conclude that, by 5 years of age, children possess a mature understanding of ownership transfer whereas younger children are prone to biases.
Proline scanning mutagenesis of a molten globule reveals non-cooperative formation of a protein's overall topology

Small proteins generally fold cooperatively: disruption of significant parts of the folded structure leads to unfolding of the rest of the protein. We show here, using proline scanning mutagenesis, that the native-like tertiary fold of the α-lactalbumin (α-LA) molten globule is formed by the non-cooperative assembly of its constituent helices. In contrast to the drastic destabilizing effects of proline substitutions in cooperatively folded proteins, proline mutations in the molten globule appear to cause only individual helices to unfold, without significantly influencing the other helices or the overall topology. Thus, the key determinants of a protein's overall fold may not be of the all-or-none type.
Enrichment of ground corn cobs with cellulolytic microorganisms

Abstract Fermentation of ground corn cobs increased their nutritive value after pretreatment with NaOH. Bacterial fermentation improved the vitamin content, total protein, amino acid content, and the percentage relative nutritive value. Fungal fermentation was less effective than bacterial fermentation. The addition of Candid utilis to the bacterial fermentation improved the nutritive value of the fermented material. A mixture of Cellulomonas uda, Trichoderma reesei and C. utilis was not superior to a mixed culture of C. uda and C. utilis but was better than a mixture of T. reesei and C. utilis for achieving improved nutritive value by fermentation.
Fecundability trends among sperm donors as a measure of donor performance.

Abstract Objective: To examine fecundability trends among sperm donors. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: University-based sperm bank and donor insemination program. Patient(s): Sperm donors and recipients. Intervention(s): A group of recipients underwent IUI with cryopreserved donor sperm. Fecundability was calculated for 20 sperm donors over 800 insemination cycles. Main Outcome Measure(s): Average fecundability per donor was compared for the first 40 cycles of a donor's use and for those donors within a group of more fertile recipients. Sperm parameters, recipient ages, and number of unique recipients for each donor were analyzed. Result(s): Average donor fecundability is constant; however, individual donors demonstrated differences among their fecundabilities (overall mean, 0.09; range, 0.01–0.26). These differences persisted for donors among a group of more fertile recipients (overall mean, 0.12; range, 0.02–0.35). A donor's fecundability at 15 cycles is predictive of his future performance. Conclusion(s): Differences in fecundability exist among sperm donors which cannot be discerned through routine semen parameters. Sperm donor fecundability should be analyzed periodically, and directors of sperm banks should consider discontinuing use of a donor whose outcome is substandard.
The Technology of the Gaps: An Evolvable Hardware Synthesized Oscillator for the Control of a Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle

To date, work in evolvable and adaptive hardware (EAH) has been largely isolated from primary inclusion into larger design processes. Almost without exception, EAH efforts are aimed at creating systems whole cloth, creating drop-in replacements for existing components of a larger design, or creating after-the-fact fixes for designs found to be deficient. This paper will discuss early efforts in integrating EAH methods into the design of a controller for a flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV). The FWMAV project is extensive, multidisciplinary, and on going. Because EAH methods were in consideration during its earliest design stages, this project provides a rich environment in which to explore means of effectively combining EAH and traditional design methodologies. In addition to providing a concrete EAH design that addresses potential problems with FWMAV flight in a unique way, this paper will also provide a provisional list of EAH design integration principles, drawn from our experiences to date.
Kant, Political Liberalism, and the Ethics of Same‐Sex Relations

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle la morale kantienne, fondee sur l'argument des fins naturelles et du devoir moral, n'implique pas une condamnation des relations homosexuelles. Examinant le statut de la sexualite dans les «Cours de morale» et dans la «Metaphysique des moeurs», l'A. montre que l'homosexualite respecte les conditions de la loi morale, d'une part, et que l'ethique kantienne s'oppose au debat actuel sur le mariage homosexuel dans le contexte du liberalisme rawlsien, d'autre part.
Criteria for Polynomial-Time (Conceptual) Clustering

Research in cluster analysis has resulted in a large number of algorithms and similarity measurements for clustering scientific data. Machine learning researchers have published a number of methods for conceptual clustering, in which observations are grouped into clusters that have “good” descriptions in some language. In this paper we investigate the general properties that similarity metrics, objective functions, and concept description languages must have to guarantee that a (conceptual) clustering problem is polynomial-time solvable by a simple and widely used clustering technique, the agglomerative-hierarchical algorithm. We show that under fairly general conditions, the agglomerative-hierarchical method may be used to find an optimal solution in polynomial time.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension : report of four cases and review of the literature

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is an unusual syndrome of postural headache and low cerebrospinal fluid pressure without an established cause. We present four cases, analyze those previously reported in the literature, examine the MRI, CT, angiographic and cisternographic finding and discuss the clinical picture, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential treatment.
Electromagnetic experiments on metal clusters in beams

Abstract The experimental investigation of metal clusters in molecular beams is compared with results obtained in matrix, for optical and magnetic resonance experiments. Related experiments in the range of molecules on the one hand and in the quantum size effect regime are discussed. The molecular beam magnetic resonance appears to be a good method for investigating the structures of small odd numbered clusters.
Mutagenicity of trinitrotoluene and metabolites formed during anaerobic degradation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolites formed during anaerobic degradation are mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 when checked in the absence of rat liver activation system (S9). The monohydroxylamino derivatives that are formed as first-step intermediates of the pathway are less mutagenic than TNT, but the dihydroxylamino derivative that is the second intermediate is much more mutagenic than the parent compound. Whereas TNT is very stable under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions, the hydroxylamine derivatives are not. The dihydroxylamino derivative of TNT that is the most mutagenic is less stable compared with the monohydroxylamino derivatives of TNT.
Follicular lymphoma-protective HLA class II variants correlate with increased HLA-DQB1 protein expression

Multiple follicular lymphoma (FL) susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II regions have been identified, including rs6457327, rs3117222, rs2647012, rs10484561, rs9268853 and rs2621416. Here we validated previous expression quantitative trait loci results with real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR and investigated protein expression in B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and primary dendritic cells using flow cytometry, cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. We confirmed that FL-protective rs2647012-linked variants, in high linkage disequilibrium with the extended haplotype DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02, correlate with increased HLA-DQB1 expression. This association remained significant at the protein level and was reproducible across different cell types. We also found that differences in HLA-DQB1 expression were not related to changes in activation markers or class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator expression, suggesting the role of an alternative regulatory mechanism. However, functional analysis using RegulomeDB did not reveal any relevant regulatory candidates. Future studies should focus on the clinical relevance of increased HLA-DQB1 protein expression facilitating tumor cell removal through increased immune surveillance.
Large deviations for a catalytic fleming-viot branching system

We consider a jump-diffusion process describing a system of diffusing particles that upon contact with an obstacle (catalyst) die and are replaced by an independent offspring with position chosen according to a weighted average of the remaining particles. The obstacle is a bounded nonnegative function V(x) and the birth/death mechanism is similar to the Fleming-Viot critical branching. Since the mass is conserved, we prove a hydrodynamic limit for the empirical measure, identified as the solution to a generalized semilinear (reaction-diffusion) equation, with nonlinearity given by a quadratic operator. A large-deviation principle from the deterministic hydrodynamic limit is provided. The upper bound is given in any dimension, and the lower bound is proven for d = 1 and V bounded away from 0. An explicit formula for the rate function is provided via an Orlicz-type space. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Dimensions and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Relation to College Students’ Sleep Functioning

This study examined separate inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive dimensions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms, in relation to college students’ sleep functioning. Participants were 288 college students (ages 17–24; 65 % female; 90 % non-Hispanic White; 12 % self-reported having an ADHD diagnoses) who completed measures of ADHD/SCT symptoms and sleep functioning. Participants reported obtaining an average of 6.8 h of sleep per night (only 26 % reported obtaining ≥8 h of sleep) and having a sleep onset latency of 25 min. 63 % were classified as “poor sleepers,” and poor sleepers had higher rates of ADHD and SCT symptoms than “good sleepers”. Path analysis controlling for ADHD status and psychiatric medication use was used to determine associations between psychopathology and sleep functioning domains. Above and beyond covariates and other psychopathologies, hyperactivity (but not impulsivity) was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, and more use of sleep medications. SCT symptoms (but not inattention) were significantly associated with poorer sleep quality and increased nighttime sleep disturbance (e.g., having bad dreams, waking up in the middle of the night, feeling too cold or too hot). Both inattention and SCT were associated with greater daytime dysfunction. Regression analyses demonstrated that hyperactivity predicted sleep quality above and beyond the influence of daytime dysfunction, and inattention and SCT predicted daytime dysfunction above and beyond sleep quality. Further studies are needed to examine the interrelations of nighttime sleep functioning, ADHD/SCT, and daytime dysfunction, as well to elucidate mechanisms contributing to related functional impairments.
Comparative effectiveness, cost, and utilization of radical prostatectomy among young men within managed care insurance plans.

Abstract Background Costs and benefits of emerging prostate cancer treatments for young men (age Methods We extracted from LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database, a commercial claims database, information on 10,669 patients receiving either MIRP or RRP between 2003 and 2007. In unadjusted analyses, we used chi-square tests to compare clinical outcomes and nonparametric bootstrapping method to compare costs between the MIRP and RRP groups. We applied logistic, Cox proportional hazard, and extended estimation equation methods to examine the association between surgical modality and perioperative complications, anastomotic stricture, and costs while controlling for age, comorbidity, and health plan characteristics. Results The percentage of prostatectomies performed as MIRP increased from 5.7% in 2003 to 50.3% in 2007. Patients with more comorbidity were more likely to undergo RRP than MIRP. Compared with the RRP group, the MIRP group had a significantly lower rate of perioperative complications (23.0% vs. 30.4%; P P P Conclusion MIRP among nonelderly patients increased substantially over time. MIRP was found to have fewer complications. Lower costs of complications appeared to have offset higher hospitalization costs of MIRP.
A Model for Teaching in Group Leadership: The Pre-Group Interview Application.

Abstract This article presents a four-component, educational model for teaching group leadership. The pre-group interview is then developed according to the model, including the role of the supervisor.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in a dog secondary to Dirofilaria immitis infection

A 5-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever dog was referred to the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for treatment of pneumothorax. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography showed spontaneous pneumothorax, thoracic lymphadenopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and multifocal pulmonary bulla lesions. At surgery, numerous adult nematodes protruded from the parenchyma of the left caudal and accessory lung lobes and pulmonary arteries. On histopathology, multiple adult filarid nematodes were observed within the pulmonary blood vessels. Broad foci of necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma were present. The tunica intima of the pulmonary arteries was markedly thickened by intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy. The final diagnosis was severe Dirofilaria immitis infection that resulted in pulmonary vascular lesions and focally extensive infarcts of the pulmonary parenchyma with bulla formation and rupture causing spontaneous pneumothorax. The dog received antibiotic and steroid therapy, as well as adulticide treatment, and recovered.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is linked with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors in institutionalized older adults: could a cyanocobalamin nasal spray be beneficial?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether institutionalized older individuals taking proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for more than 12 months were more likely to have vitamin B12 deficiency th...
Experiments Concerning the Low-Energy States of the O 19 Nucleus

Angular distributions have been measured for three groups of protons from the ${\mathrm{O}}^{18}(d, p){\mathrm{O}}^{19}$ reaction, those leaving ${\mathrm{O}}^{19}$ in its states at 0, 0.096, and 1.47 Mev. Deuteron energies of 1.74 and 2.50 Mev in the laboratory system were used. The distributions of protons leaving ${\mathrm{O}}^{19}$ in its ground state and in its 1.47-Mev state are characteristic of stripping and indicate the formation of the ground state by an $l=2$ neutron and of the 1.47-Mev state by an $l=0$ neutron. However, the distribution of protons leaving ${\mathrm{O}}^{19}$ in its 0.096-Mev state does not lend itself to a stripping interpretation.It has been found that the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay of the 1.47-Mev state of ${\mathrm{O}}^{19}$, following the formation of this state in the ${\mathrm{O}}^{18}(d, p){\mathrm{O}}^{19}$ reaction, proceeds mostly to the 0.096-Mev state. The mean life of the 0.096-Mev state has been measured by observing the decay in flight of recoiling excited ${\mathrm{O}}^{19}$ nuclei and is found to be 1.75(1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ second. These observations restrict the likely assignments of spin and parity for the 0.096-Mev state to ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ or ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$.
Life changes and seriousness of illness in female college students.

This report investigated the relationship between the quantity of life change that students had experienced during the year in which they visited a physician for a physical illness. The sample represented 18 diseases and 106 students. A significant positive relationship of .412 (p < .05) of life events arid illness seriousness was found.
Thrombocytes in atherosclerosis-resistant and atherosclerosis-susceptible breeds of pigeon: a comparative ultrastructural study.

Abstract Thrombocytes from atherosclerosis-susceptible, White Carneau (WC), and atherosclerosis-resistant, Show Racer (SR), pigeons were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. When fixed in phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde, thrombocytes from WC and SR are oval to fusiform in shape and have eccentrically placed electron-dense nuclei, large electron-opaque organelles analogous to “dense bodies,” and extensively vacuolated cytoplasm. Ultrastructural studies following latex particle uptake and ruthenium red staining delineate two distinct cytoplasmic vacuole systems. One of the systems incorporates particles from the extracellular medium and the other is composed of vacuoles containing the electron-dense granules. Scanning EM reveals that SR thrombocytes adhere to and form aggregates on glass. In contrast, thrombocytes from WC pigeons with aortic lesions adhere less and do not form aggregates. These studies suggest that circulating thrombocytes from WC are altered during aortic lesion development.
A phase II study of lenalidomide alone in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with chromosome 5 abnormalities.

Abstract Background Lenalidomide is effective in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with deletion 5q. We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-risk MDS with any chromosome 5 abnormality. Patients and Methods Eighteen adults with AML and 9 with high-risk MDS were enrolled. Lenalidomide was given orally at doses 5 to 25 mg daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable adverse event. Results Median age for all 27 patients was 64 years (range, 39-88 years) with a median of 2 previous therapies (range, 1-6 lines). Two patients (7%) with AML and 5q deletion and +8 cytogenetic abnormality in 2 separate clones achieved complete remission (CR) or CR without platelet recovery (CRp). Response durations were 4 and 6 months, respectively. No responses were seen in patients with chromosome 5 abnormality in a complex cytogenetic background. Twenty patients (74%) developed neutropenic fever or infection requiring hospitalization. Conclusions Clinical activity of lenalidomide as single agent in AML and high-risk MDS with chromosome 5 abnormalities appears to be limited to patients with noncomplex cytogenetics.
Optimal Excitation of Linear Variable Reluctance Motors with Coupled and Uncoupled Flux Paths

This paper is concerned with the optimal excitation of two types of linear variable reluctance motors. The coupled flux path configuration has a non-diagonal inductance matrix, whereas the uncoupled flux path configuration has a diagonal inductance matrix. Constrained optimization methods are used to (i) determine the upper limits on force production and the current waveforms needed to operate at these limits, and (ii) to produce current waveforms that minimize average power dissipation while producing a desired average force. Constraints on instantaneous current, voltage and flux density are employed, and the optimizations are performed over a range of speeds.
Trade and Exchange Networks in Iron Age Cambodia: Preliminary Results from a Compositional Analysis of Glass Beads

Beads made of glass and stone found at Iron Age period sites (500 BC – AD 500) in Southeast Asia are amongst the first signs for sustained trade and sociopolitical contact with South Asia. Because of this, they have become important artifacts for scholars wishing to better understand trade networks and sociopolitical development during this period. Using compositional analysis scholars can identify the recipes used to make these glass beads and in some cases this can be tied back to specific places or time periods. Current research indicates there were multiple glass bead production centers across South and Southeast Asia during this period. However there has not yet been a comprehensive examination of glass beads from Iron Age sites in Cambodia. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting the results from a compositional analysis of glass beads from six Iron Age sites in Cambodia. Using a virtually non-destructive compositional technique (LA-ICP-MS), I was able to determine the presence of at least two glass bead-trading networks in Cambodia during the Iron Age.
Comparison of Self-reported and Measured BMI as Correlates of Disease Markers in U.S. Adults

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of BMI based on self-reported data by comparison with technician-measured BMI and biomarkers of adiposity. Research Methods and Procedures: We analyzed data from 10,639 National Health and Nutrition Education Study III participants ≥20 years of age to compare BMI calculated from self-reported weight and height with BMI from technician-measured values and body fatness estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis in relation to systolic blood pressure, fasting blood levels of glucose, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and leptin. Results: BMI based on self-reported data (25.07 kg/m2) was lower than BMI based on technician measurements (25.52 kg/m2) because of underreporting weight (−0.56 kg; 95% confidence interval, −0.71, −0.41) and overreporting height (0.76 cm; 95% confidence interval, 0.64, 0.88). However, the correlations between self-reported and measured BMI values were very high (0.95 for whites, 0.93 for blacks, and 0.90 for Mexican Americans). In terms of biomarkers, self-reported and measured BMI values were equally correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.43), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = −0.53), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.54). Similar correlations were observed for both measures of BMI with plasma concentrations of triglycerides and leptin. These correlations did not differ appreciably by age, sex, ethnicity, or obesity status. Correlations for percentage body fat estimated through bioelectrical impedance analysis with these biomarkers were similar to those for BMI. Discussion: The accuracy of self-reported BMI is sufficient for epidemiological studies using disease biomarkers, although inappropriate for precise measures of obesity prevalence.
Further reduction of radioactive backgrounds in ultrasensitive germanium spectrometers

The radioactive background in two 1.1-kg Ge detectors was significantly reduced by material selection and careful control of fabrication of both the germanium crystals. The isotopes 57,58Co and 65Zn, formed cosmogenically in the crystals, were reduced by minimizing the time between the final between the final zone refinement, crystal growth, installation in the cryostat, and placement underground. An attempt was made to reduce the background from the decay of 68Ge in the detectors by deep mining the ore, rushing it through the refinement, crystal growing, and detector fabrication processes, and storing the germanium underground at all times it was not “in process”. Cosmogenically formed 54Mn, 59Fe, and 56,57,58,60Co in the cryostat were minimized by electroforming the cryostat parts. The ubiquitous background from primordial 40K in electronic components was virtually eliminated by selecting low-background components and by hiding the first-stage preamplifier behind 2.5 cm of 450-yr-old lead in one unit and special low-background lead in the other. Details of the procedures used are discussed.
Stress and obesity: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in metabolic disease.

Purpose of review Chronic stress, combined with positive energy balance, may be a contributor to the increased risk for obesity, especially upper body obesity, and other metabolic diseases. This association may be mediated by alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this review, we summarize the major research that has been conducted on the role of the HPA axis in obesity and metabolic disease. Recent findings Dysregulation in the HPA axis has been associated with upper body obesity, but data are inconsistent, possibly due to methodological differences across studies. In addition to systemic effects, changes in local cortisol metabolism in adipose tissue may also influence the risk for obesity. HPA axis dysregulation may be the causal link between conditions such as maternal malnutrition and sleep deprivation with metabolic disease. Summary The present review provides evidence for the relationship between chronic stress, alterations in HPA activity, and obesity. Understanding these associations and its interactions with other factors will be important in developing effective treatments for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
On the inducibility of a pancreatic lactase

Abstract Induction of synthesis and secretion of pancreatic lactase by ingestion of lactose was reported by Bayliss and Starling in 1904 and subsequently confirmed by others. Since this appears to have been the earliest report of induced mammalian protein biosynthesis, these experiments were repeated in a variety of ways. Lactase was found to be neither constitutive nor inducible in canine pancreas.
Response to ustekinumab in a patient with both severe psoriasis and hypertrophic cutaneous lupus

Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that has recently been treated with a novel treatment, ustekinumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets the Th17 pathway. Discoid lupus is a subset of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Recent studies have suggested the Th17 pathway may be involved in cutaneous lupus. We present a case of a 41-year-old man with both severe psoriasis and hypertrophic discoid lupus treated with ustekinumab. After three doses of 45 mg subcutaneous injections at day 1, week 4, and week 16, his psoriasis plaques cleared and his hypertrophic discoid lupus plaques showed moderate improvement. Following a fourth dose of 90 mg his lupus plaques showed marked improvement. Ustekinumab may be a promising therapy for this and other forms of cutaneous lupus.
Implications of oxygen-isotope data and trace-element modeling for a large-scale mixing model for the Columbia River Basalt

Current debate regarding the origin of the Columbia River Basalt Group centers on whether the considerable geochemical diversity in these basalts is the result of derivation from a heterogeneous mantle or of extensive interaction of the magmas with crustal rocks. Compositionally diverse rocks such as the Pomona and Elephant Mountain Members of the Saddle Mountains Formation have identical ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.7078–0.7080). These radiogenic rocks have nearly identical δ 18 O values (6.24–6.36) to those of Picture Gorge (6.24), the least radiogenic of the Columbia River Basalts ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr = 0.7038). This suggests that the mantle beneath the Columbia Plateau is heterogeneous at least with respect to Sr and probably other components. Basalts with low δ 18 O values (6.19–6.36) can be found in all formations of the Columbia River Basalt, an observation not compatible with models requiring extensive assimilation of upper-crustal rocks to explain isotopic differences between formations. Evidence for crustal contamination for some flow rocks in the Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Basalts does exist. Contamination, however, seems to have affected isolated members of formations rather than formations as a whole. This conclusion is consistent with the results of trace-element modeling, which suggests that the Grande Ronde and Saddle Mountains Basalts were produced as numerous independent magmas from a heterogeneous mantle. The magmas ascended following independent paths, some undergoing crustal contamination, others not.
Getting There First: An Evolutionary Rate Advantage for Adaptive Loss-of-Function Mutations

Over the course of evolution organisms have adapted to their environments by mutating to gain new functions or to lose pre-existing ones. Because adaptation can occur by either of these modes, it is of basic interest to assess under what, if any, evolutionary circumstances one of them may predominate. Since mutation occurs at the molecular level, one must look there to discern if an adaptation involves gain- or loss-of-function. Here I present a simple, deterministic model for the occurrence and spread of adaptive gain-of-function versus loss-of-function mutations, and compare the results to laboratory evolution experiments and studies of evolution in nature. The results demonstrate that loss-of-function mutations generally have an intrinsic evolutionary rate advantage over gain-offunction mutations, but that the advantage depends radically on population size, ratio of selection coefficients of competing adaptive mutations, and ratio of the mutation rates to the adaptive states.