cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimization principles for elliptic hemivariational inequalities

Abstract In this paper, we explore conditions under which certain elliptic hemivariational inequalities permit equivalent minimization principles. It is shown that for an elliptic variational–hemivariational inequality, under the usual assumptions that guarantee the solution existence and uniqueness, if an additional condition is satisfied, the solution of the variational–hemivariational inequality is also the minimizer of a corresponding energy functional. Then, two variants of the equivalence result are given, that are more convenient to use for applications in contact mechanics and in numerical analysis of the variational–hemivariational inequality. When the convex terms are dropped, the results on the elliptic variational–hemivariational inequalities are reduced to that on “pure” elliptic hemivariational inequalities. Finally, two representative examples from contact mechanics are discussed to illustrate application of the theoretical results.
Does Ascending Aorta Size Affect Norwood Outcomes in Hypoplastic Left Heart With Aortic Atresia

Background Conflicting data exist regarding the impact of ascending aorta size on outcomes after the Norwood procedure. Results from multi-institutional studies have largely relied on heterogeneous populations undergoing this surgery for different anatomic defects. Using data from the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, we analyzed the impact of preoperative ascending aortic diameter on Norwood outcomes for patients with aortic atresia variants of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Methods Neonates with aortic atresia and no ventricular septal defect were included and classified into four groups, based on their baseline ascending aorta echocardiographic measurements: less than or equal to 1.5 mm, 1.6 to 1.9 mm, 2.0 to 3.9 mm, and greater than or equal to 4.0 mm. Outcomes included 14-day mortality, transplant-free survival at 1 and 14 months, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, length of ventilation, intensive care, and hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU)-free days, right ventricular function, and incidence of recoarctation by 14 months. Results Overall, 292 patients were analyzed. Median length of ICU stay was significantly longer for infants with small aortas, and ICU-free days were significantly lower. There was no difference in length of mechanical ventilation or hospitalization between groups. Long-term right ventricular function and tricuspid regurgitation did not differ. Aortic arch recoarctation incidence was higher in patients with small aortic diameters. Patients with aortas less than or equal to 1.5 mm had decreased 30-day transplant-free survival. Conclusions Infants with aortic atresia variants of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and baseline ascending aortic diameter less than or equal to 1.5 mm appear to suffer the greatest morbidity and mortality early after Norwood procedure. These infants also experienced longer stays in the ICU and higher rates of recoarctation. Ascending aortic diameter does not appear to affect long-term ventricular function.
American and European Sport Governance: Differences, Commonalities, and the Future

Sports is ubiquitous in worldwide society and is in a constant state of evolution. Even with these changes, sports and the sports business remain an important part of world culture. Sport participation can help citizens increase efficacy in social and personal skills as well as respecting rules, authority and gain core values like tolerance, respect and fair play. This chapter presents a historical overview of worldwide sport and variances between countries and continents. This includes detailed explanations and history of the European and American sport development models with comparisons and contrasts of each model presented. Administrators, coaches and athletes present perceptions and factors on worldwide sport development models. Responses include insights as to which system is more effective in specific areas and suggests best practices and changes for both systems for future sport development options.
Increased Frequency of Mesorectal and Perirectal LN Involvement in T4 Prostate Cancers.

Purpose Patients with prostate cancer presenting with advanced T stage, mainly T4, might have a unique pattern of nodal failure and disease involvement that is not typically covered when local therapy is offered. We attempted to identify common sites of nodal disease presentation and failure for patients presenting with cT4 prostate cancer. Methods and Materials All patients with treatment-naive cT4 prostate cancer were retrospectively identified. All patients were required to have a confirmed diagnosis reviewed by our genitourinary pathologist and completed baseline staging. Lymph node (LN) involvement and location at diagnosis were reviewed by a genitourinary radiologist. All patients’ follow-up scans were also reviewed; based on LN size, imaging characteristics, and progression/regression characteristics on systemic therapy, the locations of sites of LN failure were recorded. For patients who underwent surgery, any pathologically involved LNs and their anatomic locations were recorded. A total of 103 patients met these criteria, with a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 0.5-14 years). Results Rectal involvement by the primary disease was associated with a higher risk of perirectal and mesorectal LN involvement (45%) relative to no rectal involvement (26%) (P .05). Conclusions When offering local therapy, target modification to include the perirectal and mesorectal LNs should be considered for patients presenting with T4 prostate cancer with rectal involvement.
Effective Heat Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract In this study, we aimed to evaluate the stability of SARS-CoV-2 under four different heat conditions (37, 42, 56, 60 °C) and report that the virus is stable at 37 °C for at least 24 hours. Heating at 56 °C for 30 minutes, however, effectively inactivated the virus while preserved the stability of viral RNA in both human sera and sputum samples. These findings provide critical information regarding the biology of the virus as well as a practical way to inactivate infectious virus that is potentially found in clinical specimens.
A Pharmacist's Role in a Dental Clinic: Establishing a Collaborative and Interprofessional Education Site.

Background: Dental patients often have comorbidities and take multiple medications, some of which could impact their dental health and treatment. A pharmacist in a dental clinic can assist with the gathering, documentation and evaluation of a dental patient’s medication history as it pertains to their dental visit and overall health. Purpose: To develop and implement a collaborative and interprofessional education program with a pharmacist providing services in a dental school clinic. Summary: Creighton University School of Dentistry, a student-operated dental clinic located in Omaha, Nebraska, provides dental care by student dentists, faculty and staff to the surrounding community in a learning-focused environment. A pharmacist was incorporated into the dental clinic to create and establish an interprofessional relationship with both dental students and faculty beginning August 2014. Pharmacy students on an ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experience rotation were eventually added to the team. The pharmacy team provided medication therapy management services including disease state and medication counseling, medication reconciliation, identifying drug-related problems and dental implications of medications, and recommendations for prescribed medications. Conclusion: The pharmacy team’s presence was largely accepted by dental faculty, staff, dental students, and patients. Pharmacists can play an important role in a dental clinic by performing thorough health and medication histories and communicating with dental and medical providers involved in a patient’s care.
Differences in cervical kinesthesia between amateur athletes with and without a history of contact sport participation.

Objective: Identify cervical sensorimotor function differences between amateur athletes with and without a history of contact sport participation. A secondary aim of the study was to explore the as...
The Electoral Impact of Military Experience: Evidence From U.S. Senate Elections (1982–2016):

The belief that a military veteran candidate receives an electoral benefit at the polls based on a history of military service remains a widely held assumption in American politics. However, this a...
Barriers implementing infection prevention and control experienced by healthcare workers, people with CF and parents.

Abstract Background : Barriers to implementing infection prevention and control (IP&C) practices may be experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for people with CF (PwCF), PwCF, and their families. We hypothesized that these stakeholders from CF centers with early adoption of the updated 2013 IP&C guideline would experience fewer barriers implementing selected recommendations compared to stakeholders from CF centers with delayed adoption. Methods : In 2018-2019 we surveyed HCWs and PwCF/parents from 25 CF centers to identify knowledge, attitude, and practice barriers. Each center recruited five HCWs with different occupations. Pediatric centers recruited five parents of children Results : Knowledge scores, perception of health benefits, and adherence to selected practices were similar among participants from centers with early vs. delayed adoption, yet generally lower for inpatient nurses. IP&C practitioners were less likely to perceive health benefits from PwCF wearing masks and HCWs wearing gowns and gloves. Among HCWs, 57% educated >75% of PwCF/parents about IP&C and 43% advised >75% of PwCF/parents to avoid socializing with other PwCF. Among PwCF/parents, 69%, 53%, and 56% reported discussions with their care teams about performing hand hygiene, avoiding socialization, or the 2013 IP&C guideline, respectively. Conclusions : Our findings suggest opportunities for targeted education for specific HCW occupations and for PwCF and their families.
Low-Skilled Migrants and the Historical Reproduction of Immigration Injustice.

Low-skilled migrants in wealthy receiving states are routinely subordinated across a range of social contexts. There is a rich philosophical literature on the inferiorizing effects of “crimmigration”—that is, the growing criminalization of unauthorized migrants and the state’s use of uniquely harsh law enforcement methods against them. Yet there is less interest in the existing racialized division of migrant labor. Low-skilled Latino/a/x migrants disproportionately perform “dirty” and “difficult” work that citizens do not wish to perform. Theoretically, this division of labor is compatible with a more permissive immigration system that legally admitted far larger numbers of low-skilled migrants to continue “doing the dirty work.” Indeed, many have assumed the desirability of such a system. Against this, I argue that “crimmigration” and the racialized division of migrant labor cannot be conceptually disentangled. Rather, they are mutually constitutive in reproducing background conditions that constrain the social equality of low-skilled migrants, as well as others perceived to be such. “Crimmigration” has not only excluded migrants, but enabled states to include them on socially unequal terms: as an instrumental and fungible source of cheap labor. Drawing on Alasia Nuti’s (2019) valuable observation that “banal” historical mechanisms like stereotypes and social scripts can play a crucial role in maintaining present-day injustice, I show that stereotypes of migrants as workers in low-skilled occupations, as well as the expectation that they continue to take on those jobs, also profoundly undermine immigration justice.
COMMERCE AND TRADE Commodity Contracts: Provide for Enforcement

The Act specifies unlawful commodity activities and provides for investigation of violations by the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State, or his appointee, is authorized to refer violators to appropriate law enforcement agencies and to order civil and criminal penalties.
Fatigue of tantalum in sulfuric acid at 150°C

Tantalum is resistant to 80 percent sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at 150°C (302°F). However, data on fatigue of tantalum under these conditions were unavailable. To determine design criteria for a tantalum pump impeller, high frequency fatigue tests were conducted over a range from less than 10 6 to over 9 x 10 9 cycles, establishing approximate stress amplitudes which allow tantalum to achieve up to 8 x 10 9 cycles of loading without failure. These stresses were found to be about 11 ksi (7.7 kg/mm 2 ) for unalloyed tantalum and about 12.4 ksi (8.7 kg/mm 2 ) for Ta-2.5W. These two tantalum alloys were deliberately processed to create very soft materials with large grain sizes. Such materials may indicate behavior of these alloys in or near weld areas. Case histories are presented on two Ta-2.5W pump impellers which failed in 80 percent H 2 SO 4 . The cracks were generally associated with welds. The crack surfaces show evidence of corrosion fatigue and cleavage fractures. The areas of cleavage fracture suggest an environmental effect such as hydrogen-assisted stress corrosion cracking.
Clinical and Electrophysiological Features of Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (P3.179)

OBJECTIVE: To further understanding of clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy. BACKGROUND: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare motor neuropathy of possible autoimmune aetiology. Clinical presentation is often with asymmetric weakness of the upper limbs. There is an association with IgM antibodies to GM1. Multiple partial conduction blocks can be demonstrated on nerve conduction. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective case review, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN. Included all diagnosed MMN between July 1995 - July 2014. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. Electrodiagnostic data and waveforms were reviewed. Consensus criteria for conduction block (CB) were applied. RESULTS: 76 cases of MMN were identified (48 male, 29 female), average age 58.0 years (SD 13.6). Average age of onset was 44.5 years (SD 12.3). Typical onset was asymmetric in 62/69 cases (89.9[percnt]), of motor symptoms (64/68, 94.1[percnt]), in the upper limbs (57/68, 83.8[percnt]). Sensory onset was seen in 4/68 (5.9[percnt]). Cranial nerve involvement was rare. Antibodies to GM1 were present in 13/62 (21.0[percnt]). Monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS) was found in 18/67 (26.9[percnt]). 516 nerves were examined (306 motor, 210 sensory nerves) in 51 patients. Probable conduction block was demonstrated in 76 nerves, with possible CB in 67 nerves. The ulnar nerve was most commonly affected (Probable CB in 30 nerves, 39.5[percnt]; Possible CB in 24 nerves, 35.8[percnt]). Sensory studies were normal in 36/51 (70[percnt]). Nine cases had no CB demonstrated. Additional electrodiagnostic and clinical data will follow. CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort of patients with MMN has similar demographic, clinical and electrodiagnostic features to other smaller case series however there was a high prevalence of MGUS. Despite conservative criteria for CB, more than 80[percnt] of cases had demonstrable CB in routinely tested nerves. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. O9Gorman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sorenson has nothing to disclose.
ENRICHMENT PROCEDURE FOR USE WITH THE MEMBRANE FILTER FOR THE ISOLATION AND ENUMERATION OF FECAL STREPTOCOCCI IN WATER.

By the use of PYC enrichment medium, the recovery of fecal streptococci from river water has been increased more than twofold over that of M-Enterococcus Agar. Of the isolates tested, 94.6% could be classified as enterococci or enterococcus biotypes. This method seems to yield a larger number of strains which would not normally be revealed. Serological typing of atypical streptococcus strains isolated indicates that the majority of these “biotypes” can be placed in the enterococcus group.
Myo-inositol transport in slices of rat kidney cortex. II. Effect of the ionic composition of the medium.

Abstract The effect of changes in the ionic composition of the incubation medium on the active uptake and retention of myo -inositol by cortex slices from rat kidneys has been assessed. The Na + requirement could not be satisfied by Li + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , choline + or Tris + . K + (>4 mM) was necessary for optimal uptake and retention of inositol, but could be replaced completely with Rb + , Cs + was only partly effetive in place of K + , whereas Li + and NH 4 + were ineffective. The effects on inositol uptake and leakage produced by the substitution of choline + for Na + were largely reversible, indicating that choline had not permanently damaged the slices. Neither glucose nor ATP restored the values of the two parameters examined to normal in the absence of K + or at low levels of Na + . Na + alone was not able to maintain the integrity of the system. Both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ at optimal concentrations of 1 mM and 1–2 mM, respectively, were required, but could be replaced by Sr 2+ concentrations as low as 0.75 mM. The inhibition of inositol uptake by ouabain in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate media also occurred, when K + was either omitted or replaced by other monovalent cations. It was partly prevented by increased concentrations of K + , Cs + or, especially, Rb + , but not by Ca 2+ . The effects of cations are discussed in terms of the mechanism of active transport of non-electrolytes and cations and of the integrity of renal tubular membranes.
Persistence to degree completion: A profile of students with psychiatric disabilities in higher education

Accumulating evidence indicates that although the enrollment of students with psychiatric disabilities in U.S. postsec- ondary institutions is on the rise, these students are not persisting to degree completion at the same rate as their peers without psychiatric disabilities. However, a national investigation of the persistence rates and characteristics of students with disabilities has yet to be conducted. This research study summarizes descriptive data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitu- dinal Study (BPS: 04/09) data set on the characteristics and persistence rates of students with psychiatric disabilities (N = 350) enrolled in U.S. postsecondary institutions. The first-to-second year persistence rate of these students was 76.6% while the three year cumulative persistence and persistence to degree completion rates were 61% and 54.7%, respectively. The demographic and background characteristics of the participants resembled those of typical at-risk students in postsecondary education. Although their academic and social integration into their institutions was limited, chi-square analyses did reveal a significant association between first-to-second year persistence and how often students met with their academic advisors in their first year. These analy- ses also demonstrated a significant relationship between first-to-second year persistence and all three social integration variables examined in the study.
Myocardial gene therapy

Gene therapy is proving likely to be a viable alternative to conventional therapies in coronary artery disease and heart failure. Phase 1 clinical trials indicate high levels of safety and clinical benefits with gene therapy using angiogenic growth factors in myocardial ischaemia. Although gene therapy for heart failure is still at the pre-clinical stage, experimental data indicate that therapeutic angiogenesis using short-term gene expression may elicit functional improvement in affected individuals.
Effective Hamiltonians for Electronic Fine Structure and Polyatomic Vibrations

The effective Hamiltonian, Heff, is an important tool for analyzing and representing the spectra, energy levels, and dynamics of atoms and molecules. By replacing the rigorous but intractable exact Hamiltonian, Hexact, with a model that is designed to share most of its essential qualitative and quantitative characteristics, the spectroscopist can derive valuable insights from raw, incomplete, and partially assigned spectra. These insights guide the optimal design of information-rich new experiments and computations and can reveal the dynamical mechanisms encoded in the spectra. Here we describe the theory, construction, and limitations of effective Hamiltonians, drawing examples primarily from the electronic fine structure of diatomic molecules and the vibrational structure of polyatomic molecules. Current ideas for extending the accuracy, flexibility, and mechanistic transparency of effective Hamiltonian models to future areas of research, especially at extremely high excitation energies, are discussed. Unconventional applications of traditional effective Hamiltonians are illustrated by example, especially schemes to visualize and classify large-amplitude motions. Quantum and classical mechanical Heff models derived from frequency-domain spectra are the best possible sources for insights into time-domain phenomena. In particular, the existence of large-amplitude regular eigenstates embedded in a principally ergodic bath is uniquely relevant to schemes for external control of intramolecular dynamics and the validity of ergodicity-based predictions of the rates of unimolecular processes. Keywords: effective Hamiltonian; spectroscopic fit model; molecular constants; electronic fine structure; polyatomic vibrations; anharmonic and Coriolis interactions; spectroscopy; perturbation theory; mixing angle; contact transformation; Van Vleck transformation; block diagonalization; resonance; polyads; scaling rules
Rank, Social Group Identity, and Punishment in a Public Goods Game: Preliminary Results

This paper investigates whether an individual’s identity as a member of a social group and relative position in that group affects willingness to punish free-riders in a public goods game. Previous studies have demonstrated that allowing subjects to punish free-riders increases cooperation in the public goods game, and that the degree of punishment is sensitive to its cost and effectiveness. In addition, research has shown that subjects’ motivation for punishing non-cooperators arises not from its ability to deter non-cooperative behavior, but rather from the emotional satisfaction that comes from punishing the offenders. When all players in the game are part of a tightly-knit social group, a subject’s identification with the group may diminish the rate of free-riding, but it may also diminish the other players’ willingness to punish non-cooperating group members. This paper investigates whether rank and social group membership at the U.S. Air Force Academy contributes to cadets’ reluctance or willingness to punish non-cooperators in a public goods experiment. We employ a standard public goods game with punishment, but in addition to knowing how much each player contributed to the group good, subjects also know the rank and military unit of the other players in the group. We investigate whether these variables affect subjects’ willingness to punish non-cooperators, and the direction in which these variables act. Using a follow-up survey, we investigate players’ motivations for both contributing and punishing in the game. The results have implications regarding aspects of Academy life related to enforcement of the honor code, and also to other workplace situations in which employees may be reluctant to report the improper actions of their coworkers.
Fifty years ago: the Neurospora revolution.

George Beadle published a paper in the fall of 1941 that established the relation between genetics and biology and inaugurated the age of molecular biology.
Rats, Pigs, and Statues on Trial: The Creation of Cultural Narratives in the Prosecution of Animals and Inanimate Objects

Records indicate that trials of animals - usually for killing human beings - took place throughout Europe and elsewhere from the ninth through the nineteenth centuries. The historical evidence indicates that communities viewed these trials seriously. If we can understand what social benefits the trials brought to the people of these towns, we may begin to see that trials even in our own time fulfill cultural needs that extend far beyond dispute resolution and adjudication. This Note explores how an understanding of the social function of trials may allow us to rethink their value in contemporary society. This Note describes the history of the animal trials in Europe and reveals that animal trials took place against the backdrop of a widespread societal debate concerning how best to explain and understand chaotic and destructive events caused by nonhuman actors. This Note also uses the trials of animals and inanimate objects as case studies in a more speculative and theoretical analysis of the role and function of trials within a society. Far from being a quaint historical curiosity, the animal trials may provide important insights for our own legal system.
Activation of ethane in the presence of solid acids: Sulfated zirconia, iron- and manganese-promoted sulfated zirconia, and zeolites

Ethane was activated in the presence of solid acids [sulfated zirconia (SZ), iron- and manganese-promoted sulfated zirconia (FMSZ), HZSM-5, and USY zeolite] at 1 atm, 200-450{degrees}C, and ethane partial pressures in the range 0.014.2 atm. The data were measured with a flow reactor at low conversions (<0.005) such that reaction of ethane took place in the near absence of alkenes. Catalysis was demonstrated for ethane conversion in the presence of FMSZ at 450{degrees}C and 0.2 atm ethane partial pressure, but the reactions were not shown to be catalytic for the other solid acids and other conditions. FMSZ was active for converting ethane into methane, ethene, and butane at an ethane partial pressure of 0.2 atm and at temperatures of 200-300{degrees}C; the other solid acids had no detectable activities under these conditions. At higher temperatures, each of the solid acids was active for conversion of ethane into ethene; butane and methane were also formed in the presence of FMSZ, HZSM-5, and USY zeolite, whereas methane was the only other hydrocarbon observed in the presence of SZ. The initial (5 min on stream) selectivities to ethene at approximately 0.1 % conversion, ethane partial pressure of 0.2 atm, and 450{degrees}C were approximately 98,more » 94, 97, and 99%, for SZ, FMSZ, HZSM-5, and USY zeolite, respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, the initial rates of ethane conversion were 0. 1 5 x 10{sup -8}, 3.5 x 10{sup -8} 3.9 x 10{sup -8}, and 0.56 x 10{sup -8} mol/(s {circ} g) for SZ, FMSZ, HZSM-5, and USY zeolite, respectively. The reactivities are consistent with chemistry analogous to that occurring in superacidic solutions and with the suggestion that FMSZ is a stronger acid than the others investigated here. 25 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.« less
Correcting for Measurement Error in Individual‐Level Covariates in Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models

The nonlinear mixed effects model is used to represent data in pharmacokinetics, viral dynamics, and other areas where an objective is to elucidate associations among individual-specific model parameters and covariates; however, covariates may be measured with error. For additive measurement error, we show substitution of mismeasured covariates for true covariates may lead to biased estimators for fixed effects and random effects covariance parameters, while regression calibration may eliminate bias in fixed effects but fail to correct that in covariance parameters. We develop methods to take account of measurement error that correct this bias and may be implemented with standard software, and we demonstrate their utility via simulation and application to data from a study of HIV dynamics.
Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on postpartum depression and information processing

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid content and indices of depression and information processing for women who breast-feed. Study Design: Mothers who planned to breast-feed their infants were assigned randomly in a double-masked fashion to receive either docosahexaenoic acid (≈200 mg/d) or placebo for the first 4 months after the delivery. Major outcome variables included plasma phospholipid fatty acid patterns and scores on a self-rating questionnaire of current depression symptoms. A structured clinical interview of depression, scores on another self-rating questionnaire of depression symptoms, and a laboratory measure of information processing were obtained in subgroups of the total population. Results: Plasma phospholipid contents of docosahexaenoic acid at baseline were 3.15 ± 0.78 and 3.31 ± 0.70 (mg/dL of total fatty acids) in the docosahexaenoic acid and placebo groups, respectively. After 4 months, the plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid content of the docosahexaenoic acid group was 8% higher (3.40 ± 0.97 mg/dL), whereas that of the placebo group was 31% lower (2.27 ± 0.87 mg/dL). Despite the higher plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid content of the supplemented group after 4 months, there was no difference between groups in either self-rating or diagnostic measures of depression; information processing scores of the two groups also did not differ. Conclusion: Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation (≈ 200 mg/d) for 4 months after the delivery prevented the usual decline in plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid content of women who breastfeed but did not influence self-ratings of depression, diagnostic measures of depression, or information processing. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1348-53.)
Facilitation of schedule-induced behavior

Sixteen food-deprived Norway rats were run on a standard schedule-induced polydipsia training schedule until drinking was stable. Subjects were then assigned randomly to receive a 5-day, 2-week, 4-week, or 10-week delay before reacquiring polydipsia. No differences were obtained for milliliter consumed during acquisition or reaquisition except for an increase in milliliter consumed for the 5-day delay group during reacquisition. The implications of this result are interpreted in light of expected results.
Analysis of 135 autopsy eyes for ocular involvement in leukemia

To explain the marked variation in the reported incidence of how often leukemic cells infiltrate the eye in fatal cases of leukemia, we tested the hypothesis that ocular leukemic infiltration is related to the peripheral leuko cyte count during the final hours of life. We reviewed tissue sections, as well as autopsy and clinical records, from 135 patients who had fatal leukemia and had their eyes examined after death at Duke University Medical Center. Infiltrates of leukemic cells were found in the eyes of 42 of 135 patients (31.1%), with the choroid being the most frequently involved site. We detected a significant positive correlation between the ocular leukemic infiltration and an agonal leukocyte count as well as the severity of systemic disease. Differences in the agonal circulating leukocyte count may partly explain variations in the incidence of leukemic infiltrates in different postmortem studies.
Spanish Moss, a Sensor for Lead

THE heavy metal content of various plants has been related to sources of air pollution1. Trees growing near London, England, were found to contain more lead than those growing in the country2. Grass near a highway was found to contain more lead than grass further away3. These studies involved root type plants that obtain their nourishment from the soil.
Scalability Analysis of Parallel GMRES Implementations

Abstract Applications involving large sparse nonsymmetric linear systems encourage parallel implementations of robust iterative solution methods, such as GMRES(k). Two parallel versions of GMRES(k) based on different data distributions and using Householder reflections in the orthogonalization phase are analyzed with respect to scalability (their ability to maintain fixed efficiency with an increase in problem size and number of processors). A theoretical algorithm-machine model for scalability of GMRES(k) with fixed k is derived and validated by experiments on three parallel computers, each with different machine characteristics. The analysis for an adaptive version of GMRES(k), in which the restart value k is adapted to the problem, is also presented and scalability results for this case are briefly discussed.
Peptide/MHC Tetramer–Based Sorting of CD8+ T Cells to a Leukemia Antigen Yields Clonotypes Drawn Nonspecifically from an Underlying Restricted Repertoire

Testing of T cell-based cancer therapeutics often involves measuring cancer antigen-specific T-cell populations with the assumption that they arise from in vivo clonal expansion. This analysis, using peptide/MHC tetramers, is often ambiguous. From a leukemia cell line, we identified a CDK4-derived peptide epitope, UNC-CDK4-1 (ALTPVVVTL), that bound HLA-A*02:01 with high affinity and could induce CD8⁺ T-cell responses in vitro. We identified UNC-CDK4-1/HLA-A*02:01 tetramer⁺ populations in 3 of 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who had undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Using tetramer-based, single-cell sorting and T-cell receptor β (TCRβ) sequencing, we identified recurrent UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer-associated TCRβ clonotypes in a patient with a UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer⁺ population, suggesting in vivo T-cell expansion to UNC-CDK4-1. In parallel, we measured the patient's TCRβ repertoire and found it to be highly restricted/oligoclonal. The UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer-associated TCRβ clonotypes represented >17% of the entire TCRβ repertoire-far in excess of the UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer⁺ frequency-indicating that the recurrent TCRβ clonotypes identified from UNC-CDK-4-1 tetramer⁺ cells were likely a consequence of the extremely constrained T-cell repertoire in the patient and not in vivo UNC-CDK4-1-driven clonal T-cell expansion. Mapping recurrent TCRβ clonotype sequences onto TCRβ repertoires can help confirm or refute antigen-specific T-cell expansion in vivo.
Preterm birth without progesterone withdrawal in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase hypomorphic mice.

Parturition is a complex mammalian physiological process whose fundamental determinants have remained elusive. The increasing incidence of human preterm birth, a leading cause of infant mortality, highlights the importance of further understanding mechanisms regulating the timing of birth. Parturition is initiated in most nonprimate mammals, including mice, through a decrease in circulating progesterone caused by elevated prostaglandins. In humans, other higher primates, and guinea pigs, no consistent decrease in circulating progesterone occurs before the onset of labor. The divergence in endocrine control of labor initiation between most mammals compared with the great apes and guinea pigs gives rise to the question: how could a mechanism for the initiation of labor not requiring the withdrawal of progesterone evolve? Here, we genetically modulate prostaglandin signaling to determine the role of prostaglandin catabolism in the timing of birth. We find spontaneous preterm labor in the absence of progester...
Pore- and State-Dependent Cadmium Block of IKs Channels Formed with MinK-55C and Wild-Type KCNQ1 Subunits

Human MinK and KCNQ1 subunits assemble to form IKs channels. When MinK position 55 is mutated to cysteine (MinK-55C), IKs channels can be blocked by external cadmium (Cd2+). We have supported a pore-associated location for MinK-55C because Cd2+ block is sensitive to voltage, permeant ions on the opposite side of the membrane (trans-ions), and external tetraethylammonium (TEA), an IKs pore-blocker. Two recent reports argue that MinK-55C is distant from the pore: one finds TEA does not affect Cd2+ block if channels are formed with a KCNQ1 mutant (K318I, V319Y) that increases TEA affinity; the second proposes that Cd2+ binds between MinK-55C and a cysteine in KCNQ1 that is posited to lie toward the channel periphery. Here, these discrepancies are considered. First, Cd2+ block of MinK-55C channels formed with wild-type KCNQ1 is shown to depend not only on voltage and trans-ions but state (showing decreased on-rate with increased open time and blocker trapping on channel closure). Conversely, MinK-55C channels with K318I, V319Y KCNQ1 are found to demonstrate Cd2+ block that is independent of voltage, trans-ions and state (and to have a lower unitary conductance): thus, the KCNQ1 mutations alter the process under study, yielding Cd2+ inhibition that is pore-independent and, perforce, TEA-insensitive. Second, MinK-55C channels are found to remain sensitive to Cd2+ despite mutation of any single native cysteine in KCNQ1 or all nine simultaneously; this suggests no KCNQ1 cysteine binds Cd2+ and can serve to localize MinK-55C. Despite many concerns that are enumerated, we remain obliged to conclude that Cd2+ enters and leaves the pore to reach MinK-55C, placing that residue in or near the pore.
Idiopathic Esophageal Ulcers in AIDS Completely Healed With Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

A 51-year-old white man presented to the emergency department with a 3-month history of atypical chest pain, odynophagia to solids and liquids, and a 18-kg weight loss. He was febrile to 39oC and tachycardic. Physical exam was remarkable for bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy and thrush in the posterior oropharynx. He was diagnosed with AIDS with CD4 count 146 cells/mm3 and viral load 423,000 copies/mL. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a large, deep, irregular esophageal ulcer (Figure 1). Biopsies of the ulcer margins and bases were negative for malignancy or infection. He was diagnosed with an idiopathic esophageal ulcer (IEU) secondary to AIDS. He was started on a proton pump inhibitor and highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Three weeks later, repeat EGD revealed complete resolution of the esophageal ulcer (Figure 2). More than 1 year after diagnosis, he continued to do well with a viral load of 53, CD4 count of 708, and without any recurrence of odynophagia.
On the convergence of the ordered roots of a sequence of determinantal equations

Abstract Let λ1(n)⩾λ2(n)⩾⋯⩾λp(n) be the ordered roots of |A(n)−λB(n)| = 0, where A(n) is a p × p real symmetric matrix and B(n) is a p p real symmetric positive definite matrix. Assume that A(n) → A and B(n) → B as n → ∞, where the rank of B may be less than p. Using a result on the continuity of the zeros of a polynomial, the limiting behavior of p sequences {λj(n)}∞n = 1, j = 1, 2,…, p, is investigated.
Evaluation of Dried Whey in Concentrate Mixtures for Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Five percent dried whole whey (trial 1) or dried whey product (trial 2) was added to the concentrate mixtures fed to lactating cows. In trial 1, ten cows per group in late lactation were fed in group either control or dried whole whey ration for 13 wk. In trial 2, five cows per group in early to mid-lactation were fed individually either control or dried whey product ration for 12 wk. Corn silage and alfalfa hay were offered ad libitum while concentrates were fed at 1 kg/3kg milk produced in both trials. Milk yields for cows fed control or dried whey were (trial 1) 17.2 and 16.1 kg/day, (trial 2) 23.9 and 23.7 kg/day. Milk fat percentage was highest for cows fed dried whey in both trials (trial 1, 4.66 and 4.76; trial 2, 3.33 and 3.62). Rumen volatile fatty acids (trial 2) were not influenced greatly by ration although propionate was lower and butyrate slightly higher in cows fed dried whey.
Semiclassical perturbation theory of electron-polar-molecule collisions: Total excitation and scattering cross sections

Semiclassical perturbation scattering theory is applied to electron-polar-molecule scattering. Cross sections for elastic and rotationally inelastic transitions are obtained for ..delta..j = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, in the case of a pure charge-dipole interaction potential. Results are presented in terms of functions of dimensionless parameters involving the moment of inertia I and dipole moment ..mu.. of the target, and the mass, charge, and energy of the projectile. A range of these parameters sufficient to describe most situations of practical interest is explored. Significant oscillations are found in the cross sections for vertical-bar ..delta..j vertical-bar = 0 and 2 as a function of dipole strength ..beta.. = m..mu..e/h /sup 2/. For vertical-bar ..delta..j vertical-bar = 1, the Born approximation is shown to be appropriate for ..beta.. very-much-less-than 1, and invalid for ..beta.. approx. = 1 or > 1. Scaling rules are deduced which should aid in the correlation and extrapolation of quantal calculations on specific systems. With the guidance of the Born approximation, scaling principles are also suggested for differential scattering.
The HPQ/AU Scandal: What Went Wrong?

In 2011, Hewlett-Packard (HPQ) acquired Autonomy PLC (AU), the United Kingdom's largest software provider. But after a whistleblower complained of deficient accounting and financial reporting at AU, HPQ announced a write-down of the valuation recorded from the AU acquisition in the amount of $8.8 billion—including a whopping $5 billion from alleged accounting improprieties! Why didn't auditors and others uncover this before the deal went through? What went wrong? © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaporation from Bare Low Humic Latosol in Hawaii

Abstract Despite the high potential evaporation, actual evaporation from Wahiawa Low Humic Latosol measured by hydraulic lysimeters is very low under field conditions. The evaporation from Latosol at field moisture content is only one-third the rate from a pan. The heavy clay soil is so strongly aggregated that the water release for low values of soil moisture suction is determined by the aggregate rather than by the mechanical composition of the soil. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivities determined for the Latosol decrease rapidly as the soil dries, a feature in accord with the self-mulching action of the soil. Moreover, the mineralogic and aggregate composition of the soil make the material an excellent thermal insulator and the consequent restriction of heat flow also reduces the rate of evaporation since much of the water movement within the unsaturated Latosol is in the vapor phase along temperature gradients. The transfer of latent heat within the soil contributes appreciably to the heat storage...
Cadmium distribution in coastal sediments and mollusks of the US.

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the coastal United States were assessed using the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Mussel Watch dataset, which is based on the analysis of sediments and bivalves collected from 280 sites since 1986. Using the 1997 sediment data, Pearson correlation (r = 0.44, p
What Is a “Level” of Personality?

We find much to admire in Sheldon, Cheng, and Hilpert's (this issue) ambitious effort to capture the full gamut of personality within a broad integrative framework. The Multilevel Personality in Co...
736 INCREASED CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN NEONATES RECEIVING TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION RESULTS IN IMPROVED CALCIUM RETENTION

Most neonates on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) receive insufficient calcium for normal bone growth and hypercalciuria has been reported. To determine whether supplemental calcium would be retained, we compared the effects of two calcium intakes on short term calcium balance in 6 neonates of gestational age 42±3 weeks (x±SD): a standard TPN solution was given for 1 week followed by a high calcium TPN solution for 1 week; 24 hour urine collections were made at the end of each week; no diuretics were given. Serum calcium levels were normal during the study. Calcium balance data are shown below: Phosphorus concentration was the same in both of the TPN solutions and no difference in phosphorus excretion was observed. We conclude that with a 2.5 fold increase in calcium intake, there was a 3.4 fold increase in calcium retention. Increased calcium supplementation improves calcium balance in neonates receiving TPN.
Unicell Structure for Superconducting Storage Rings

Mechanically integrated, magnetically decoupled storage rings were designed for a heavy ion collider for 100 GeV/amu Au, at B= 2.7T. New concepts were developed, including detailed engineering design and cost estimates. A "unicell" contains a half-cell of both rings within a single He vessel. The unicell design is optimized for economical mass production. Survey pads welded to the laminations provide external fiducials to locate the magnet cores. Roller bearing self aligning supports accommodate cool-down shrinkage. The design tolerates relative motion of components resulting from longitudinal shrinkage in the ~15 m long unicell without affecting performance. Magnetic and physical lengths are the same, eliminating waste space. "Achromatic" quadrupoles with sextupoles at both ends are located on a common precision beam tube which aligns and supports a pick-up electrode. The unicell accommodates longer dipoles compared to conventional designs, reducing Bmax, stored energy, and the volume of iron and superconductor. Applications to future machines will be discussed.
Tests of fairness models based on equity considerations in a three-person ultimatum game

Two recent models incorporating fairness considerations into the economics literature based on agents' concerns about the distribution of payoffs between themselves and others (Fehr-Schmidt, 1999, Quarterly Journal of Economics. 114 (3), 769–816; Bolton-Ockenfels, 2000, American Economic Review. 90, 166–193) are investigated using a new three-person ultimatum game: One person allocates a sum of money to two others, one of which is randomly chosen to accept or reject the offer. Rejection gives both the responder and the proposer zero income and a positive consolation prize for the non-responder. The data show essentially no reductions in rejection rates, holding offers constant, with and without consolation prizes, contrary to both models' predictions.
Functional and antigenic properties of cultured T cells in the cell mediated lympholysis (CML) assay

Abstract Cultured T cells (CTC) were expanded in Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and used as reagents in cell mediated lympholysis (CML). CTC were able to induce the generation of primary cytotoxic effector cells and to function as 51 Cr labeled target cells and cold target inhibitors. Since large numbers of CTC can be produced from as few as 1–2 × 10 6 lymphocytes within a short period of time, these reagents with enable CML studies to be performed in a broader range of situations including those which were heretofore impossible.
Individual and combined effects of ethanol and cocaine on intracellular signals and gene expression

1. Ethanol and cocaine are drugs of abuse that can produce long-lived changes in behavior, including dependence. 2. A common set of neural pathways appears to mediate the addictive actions of ethanol and cocaine. 3. Many prominent aspects of drug dependence may be the result of alterations in intracellular signals as well as specific patterns of gene expression. 4. For instance, changes in G proteins and cAMP, phosphorylation of proteins and induction of c-fos and zif/268 in specific drug-sensitive brain regions may represent adaptive changes in response to a drug-dependent state. 5. The concurrent use of ethanol and cocaine is the most prevalent pattern of drug abuse in humans. However, the number of studies investigating the behavioral and molecular effects of this combination are few. 6. Emerging evidence indicates a possible antagonistic effect of ethanol and cocaine action on transcription factor function. In addition, cocaethylene (a psychoactive metabolite derived from combined ethanol and cocaine exposure) has significant effects on gene expression as well.