cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonatal intensive care units: a national survey

Results: Of the 102 individuals contacted, 75 participated in the survey. In all, 41 of the respondents (54.5%) have a written policy regarding the management of neonatal NAS. The method of Finnegan is the most commonly used abstinence scoring system (49 of 75, 65%), while only three respondents use the Lipsitz tool. Opioids (tincture of opium, or morphine sulfate solution) are used most commonly for management of both opioid (63% of respondents) and polydrug (52% of respondents) withdrawal, followed by phenobarbital (32 % of respondents) for polydrug withdrawal and methadone (20% of respondents) for opioid withdrawal. In all, 53 respondents (70%) use phenobarbital, and 19 (25%) use intravenous morphine to control opioid withdrawal seizures, while 61 (81%) use phenobarbital in cases of polydrug withdrawal seizures. Only 53 respondents (70%) always use an abstinence scoring system to determine when to start, titrate, or terminate pharmacologic treatment of neonatal NAS. Conclusion: The management of neonatal psychomotor behavior consistent with withdrawal varies widely, with inconsistent policies to determine its presence or treatment. Only about half of NICUs have written guidelines for the management of NAS, which may preclude effective auditing of this practice. Educational interventions may be necessary to ensure changes in clinical practice.
Relationships among Conducting Quality, Ensemble Performance Quality, and State Festival Ratings:

This study was the third in a series examining the relationships among conductors, ensembles' performances, and festival ratings. Participants (N = 51) were asked to score the quality of video-only conducting and parallel audio-only excerpts of performances at a state-level concert festival of nine bands, three each that had received ratings of Superior (I), Excellent (II), or Good (III). There was no significant difference among scores for conducting across festival ratings; however, there were significant differences among ensemble performance scores, with bands receiving Superior ratings scoring higher than those receiving ratings of Excellent or Good. No relationship was found between scores given conductors and their respective ensembles' performances. Participants were also asked to give reasons (N = 1, 393) for the scores. The comments were used to develop emergent themes based on what participants attended to, and trends were found regarding aspects of conducting and performances that had positive...
Thromboembolism and bleeding: clinical strategies.

I think the previous two speakers have demonstrated three things that impressed me very much about bleeding and anticoagulation in devices that I have learned since 1985. First is that the coagulation system is extremely complex, and it is something that we, as cardiovascular surgeons, need to learn much more about. Second is that the methods that we use for monitoring for thromboembol ism are crude and that there are probably a great number of things going on that we do not know about. We need to look for these. And third is that we do not have very many data in this field. Unfortunately, there has not been much writing about different protocols for anticoagulation; therefore, it is hard to know exactly what to do. Our own approach has been a helter-skelter approach over the past several years. Basically we have tried one thing, we have tried another thing, and just in the last year or so we have come upon what we think may have some promise both in the area of anticoagulation and anticoagulation monitoring as well as in the area of monitoring for embolic phenomena. What I would like to do is quickly go over a few areas and then try to tell you what I think we found that is true, what we found that may be true, and what we found that may be suspect and certainly needs some work. In looking at thrombosis versus bleeding, or coagulation versus anticoagulation, there are a number of considerations that the clinician is faced with: design of the device, and that includes the materials in the device; device management, which indicates how the device is used; anticoagulation, dealing with the coagulation system; antiplatelet therapy; antifibrinolytic therapy; and what I have called antiaggregation therapy for want of a better term. Now, first of all, yes, it is true, the devices are all different and need to be dealt with differently. But when you look at the materials in the devices, they all have some great similarities, as we know. For instance, the inside of most of the devices is polyurethane: some smooth, some textured, and in the case of one device, textured polyurethane and sintered titanium. All of these devices that are pulsatile, whether they are electric or pneumatic, contain valves, either tissue or mechanical, and at least we have some significant experience with anticoagulation in valves that we can relate to
Displacement and Identity Discontinuity: The Role of Nostalgia in Establishing New Identity Categories

I examine how displacement affects identity continuity by studying the disruption experienced by a group of employees when their organization moved to a new site. Data on the organization (a university campus restaurant known as the “Coffee House”) included participant observation and interviews. I argue for the importance of examining identity continuity and discontinuity in relation to specific interactional experiences in and attachment to the built environment. I expand on the analysis of nostalgia as a means of creating identity continuity in the face of discontinuity by adding an explicit focus on identity discontinuity in relation to the experience of displacement, and on the generation-delineating abilities of nostalgia, specifically in relation to shared spatial experience. The new generations that came in, they didn’t have that experience in the old Coffee House, so they had no idea what standards were set within the old environment. I mean it amazes me now to go back and I walk into the Coffee House and I feel like I could go up and ask anyone, “Well, you don’t even know about the old Coffee House. I mean have you even heard of the old Coffee House?” And they would probably say, “What are you talking about?” —Steven, kitchen supervisor
Mechanics of multiphase fluid flows in variably saturated porous media

Abstract This article proposes a set of flow equations governing the simultaneous movement of aqueous and nonaqueous liquids in variably saturated soils. The basic principles and balance laws of continuum mixture theory, along with thermodynamically admissible constitutive laws and simplifying kinematic assumptions, yield a formulation for isochoric multiphase flows through a nondeforming porous matrix. Cast in terms of familiar quantities, the governing equations are similar in form to the classic Richards equation for each liquid phase. The development suggests new rock-fluid properties that must be measured to characterize multiphase flows in the unsaturated zone.
Le sens cataphorique de ceci, cela, et ça

Cette presentation considere le sens cataphorique de ceci, cela, et ca. Elle montre que le parallelisme souvent suppose entre les trois pronoms n’est pas viable, et que les emplois dits cataphoriques de ceci et cela / ca recouvrent des organisations discursives radicalement differentes, notamment au niveau de l’integration semantique de l’element qui suit le pronom dans la thematique generale du discours. Ceci seul possede ce que l’on appellera un sens cataphorique pur, ou le pronom fait reference de facon evidente et exclusive a l’entite qui le suit, parce que celle-ci ne possede qu’un lien semantique minimum avec le contexte qui precede. Cela et ca ne sont jamais attestes dans ce sens dans les donnees consultees pour cette presentation. Dans leur usage cataphorique le plus frequemment observe, l’entite qui suit les deux pronoms possede un lien semantique fort avec le contexte qui precede. Le contenu de cette entite constitue souvent une sorte de reformulation synthetique de la description beaucoup plus analytique qui precede cela ou ca. L’etroite relation qui lie les divers elements du contexte qui entoure les deux pronoms rend difficile l’analyse cataphorique selon laquelle les pronoms feraient reference exclusive a l’entite qui les suit. C’est en particulier le cas avec ca, ou la symbiose semantique est telle que dans la plupart des cas, le sens cataphorique du pronom est difficilement dissociable de son sens anaphorique. La cataphoricite se presente donc comme un continuum d'integration semantique de l'entite qui suit le pronom dans le contexte qui le precede, et ceci (dans son sens cataphorique pur) et ca en constituent les deux poles opposes.
Broken Ergodicity in Two-Dimensional Homogeneous Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence

Two-dimensional (2-D) homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence has many of the same qualitative features as three-dimensional (3-D) homogeneous MHD turbulence.The se features include several ideal invariants, along with the phenomenon of broken ergodicity. Broken ergodicity appears when certain modes act like random variables with mean values that are large compared to their standard deviations, indicating a coherent structure or dynamo.Recently, the origin of broken ergodicity in 3-D MHD turbulence that is manifest in the lowest wavenumbers was explained. Here, a detailed description of the origins of broken ergodicity in 2-D MHD turbulence is presented. It will be seen that broken ergodicity in ideal 2-D MHD turbulence can be manifest in the lowest wavenumbers of a finite numerical model for certain initial conditions or in the highest wavenumbers for another set of initial conditions.T he origins of broken ergodicity in ideal 2-D homogeneous MHD turbulence are found through an eigen analysis of the covariance matrices of the modal probability density functions.It will also be shown that when the lowest wavenumber magnetic field becomes quasi-stationary, the higher wavenumber modes can propagate as Alfven waves on these almost static large-scale magnetic structures
The chemistry of a structurally diagnostic color reaction of xanthinin and related sesquiterpene lactones

Abstract Certain sesquiterpene lactones, among them xanthinin (1) and cumambrin-B (17), develop striking colors when treated with mineral acids. The structure of the colored compound derived from (1) and (17) is that of a tetraenylic cation, deprotonation of which gives rise to a fulvene derivative. The color-producing reaction is that of an acid-catalysed dimerization of an intermediate guaianolide. The structural requirements for the reaction are such that it serves as a useful guide in structure elucidation.
Medieval Colonialism: Postcrusade Exploitation of Islamic Valencia

This first major study of tax structure in pre-Renaissance Spain gives new insight into the condition of the conquered people of postcrusade Valencia. Drawing on tax records, it provides the reader with a fascinating glimpse of life among the thirteenth century Mudejars. By showing the financial links between a medieval ethnic enclave and the dominant society, the author illuminates aspects of intergroup relations that have previously been neglected. This volume is the second in the author's trilogy on Muslim society in Eastern Spain.Originally published in 1976.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Hydroxamic Acids in Nature

The hydroxamic acid bond occurs in products from fungi, yeast, bacteria, and plants. The -CON(OH)-bond arises by oxidation of a free or bound amino group in a unit structure which is often closely related to conventional amino acids. Products are known with one, two, or three hydroxamic acid groups per molecule. The chemistry of the ferrichrome type compounds, which are ferric trihydroxamate-containing peptides, has been worked out in detail and includes a complete crystallographic analysis of the ferrichrome A molecule. The trihydroxamates form potent complexes with ferric ion, called siderochromes, and these are believed to play a role in the metabolism of the metal ion in microorganisms. The actual physiological activity observed ranges from that of growth factor, antibiotic, antibiotic antagonist, tumor inhibitor or cell-division factor. The precise molecular mechanism whereby these substances exert their potent beological activity remains to be elucidated.
“A Theme Revisited”? The Impact of the Ethnic Conflict on Women and Politics in Sri Lanka

The 30-year ethnic-based civil war in Sri Lanka between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lanka government ended in May 2009. This article analyzes the impact of the violent ethnic conflict on shaping and reshaping the nationalistic ideology of the women of the majority ethnic group—specifically, the Sinhalese. Based on a field survey of urban, educated Sinhala women in Colombo, Sri Lanka, this article argues that women adopted a Sinhala Buddhist ideology to counter what they perceived as a threat to the integrity of a Sinhala Buddhist nation by the Tamil Hindu minority. In particular, this study demonstrates that the ethnic conflict while reinforcing a gendered ethnoreligious identity also seems to have created a political space for their voices to be heard in representative electoral regimes.
Choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle: case report and review of the literature.

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare intraventricular neoplasm occurring primarily in the lateral ventricles of children and the 4th ventricle of adults. We describe the third reported case of a cystic CPP of the 3rd ventricle and review the pertinent literature. (Neurosurgery 12:217-220, 1983)
Interleukin 15 Induces Endothelial Hyaluronan Expression in Vitro and Promotes Activated T Cell Extravasation through a Cd44-Dependent Pathway in Vivo

T cell recruitment to extralymphoid tissues is fundamental to the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory state during immune and autoimmune responses. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a proinflammatory cytokine whose described functions largely overlap with those of IL-2. The latter is attributable in large part to its binding of the heterotrimeric receptor that contains the β and γ chains of the IL-2R in combination with an unique IL-15Rα chain. However, unlike IL-2, IL-15 and its receptor have a wide tissue and cell type distribution, including endothelial cells. Here, we examine the effect of IL-15 on hyaluronan expression by endothelial cells, and investigate its role in vivo in promoting the extravasation of antigen-activated T cells through a CD44-dependent pathway. The expression of hyaluronan on primary endothelial cells and microvascular endothelial cell lines is induced by IL-15, whereas IL-2 has no such activity. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of IL-15 or TNF-α in the absence of other exogenous proinflammatory stimuli allows the extravasation of superantigen-stimulated T cells into this site in vivo in a CD44-dependent manner. T cell recruitment induced by IL-15 requires expression of an intact IL-2Rβ chain, indicating that IL-15 operates in this context through the traditional IL-15R. The results suggest that IL-15 can regulate endothelial cell function and thereby enables a CD44-initiated adhesion pathway that facilitates entry of activated T lymphocytes into inflammatory sites. They further demonstrate a novel role for IL-15 (distinct from any of IL-2) in regulating microvascular endothelial cell adhesive function, help to understand the role of IL-15R expression on endothelium, and further support a central position for this cytokine in orchestrating multiple sequential aspects of T cell effector function and therefore chronic inflammatory processes.
Protective specific immunity induced by doxorubicin plus TNF-α combination treatment of EL4 lymphoma–bearing C57BL/6 mice

The therapeutic efficacy of a single (day 8), moderate dose (4 mg/kg, i.v.) of doxorubicin (DOX, Adriamycin) combined with recombinant human TNF-alpha (3 different doses and 5 different schedules, i.v.) was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice bearing an implant (s.c.) of the DOX-sensitive, TNF-alpha-resistant EL4 lymphoma. In parallel to monitoring survival, the levels of several host anti-tumor cytolytic effector functions of splenocytes and thymocytes were evaluated throughout the treatment period and in long-term survivors (LTS). DOX treatment alone resulted in a moderate (approx. 20%) increase in life span but no cures. TNF-alpha alone, at any tested dose or schedule, had little or no positive effect on survival. The combinations of DOX and TNF-alpha were only slightly better than DOX alone with respect to the time to death of mice that died (approx. 29% increase); however, each of the combinations involving 1,000 U TNF-alpha/injection produced a fraction (20% to 80%) of LTS. The host defense activities examined included those of splenic and thymic cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and lymphokine-activated killer cells as well as splenic tumoricidal macrophages. Although most activities were modulated by tumor growth and/or treatment, only CTL responsiveness appeared to correlate with survival. CTL activity in the treated groups with LTS was significantly higher than in control groups late in the treatment period. Finally, ex vivo analyses of splenocytes and thymocytes together with the rejection of implanted tumor at 17 months established that LTS displayed specific long-term immune memory.
North–South trade and exported-led policies

Abstract An earlier paper in this Journal [Chichilnisky (1981)] formulated a model of North–South trade where the South exports a labor-intensive commodity in exchange for industrial goods. The paper studied moves to new equilibria with higher levels of exports of the South and of industrial demand in the North. It was established that with abundant labor and technological dualism, such moves lead to more exports, but no lower terms of trade, consumption, and real wages in the South. This occurs within Walrasian stable and perfectly competitive markets. Sufficient conditions were also given for the South to improve its terms of trade, real wages, and consumption through an export expansion. This paper comments on several other papers written on these results, generalizes the earlier propositions, and extends them to a larger class of economies which export labor-intensive products, but need not have abundant labor. It gives a generalization of the earlier results on uniqueness and stability of the equilibria, and reports also on recent econometric tests for Sri-Lanka and the U.K., and numerical simulations of the model.
Nanowear of gold and silver against silicon

Abstract We studied the wear behavior of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) against a single crystal silicon (Si) within a highly localized area. The nanowear was generated at the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and was chemically activated by Si during sliding. AFM tips were coated with gold or silver thin films. During experiments, the coated AFM tip slided against the surface of a Si wafer. It was found that both Au and Ag tips showed combined abrasive as well as adhesive wear. In addition to the wear scar on the AFM tip, Si was found on both (Au- and Ag-coated) probes after sliding. On the Si substrate, instead of a wear track, a well-defined line structure was generated. Energy comparison of the Au–Si and Ag–Si eutectic systems indicates that Au is more thermodynamically activated by Si than Ag. During sliding, mechanical energy promotes the interfacial reaction.
Effects of chlorendic acid, a priority toxic substance, on laboratory aquatic ecosystems

Abstract Experiments were conducted to estimate the effects of chlorendic acid and its neutralized form on laboratory aquatic ecosystems. In short-term flask studies, chlorendic acid concentrations of 500 mg/L (pH 3.5) completely inhibited algal growth and microfaunal activity, 250 mg/L (pH 4.1) inhibited microfaunal activity and reduced the abundance of all but one algal species, and 125 mg/L (pH 6.6) had no observable effects. Similar results occurred in longer term microcosm studies where, in addition, 500 and 250 mg/L chlorendic acid resulted in decreased oxygen production and respiration; altered chlorophyll a concentrations and bacterial populations; and increased concentrations of dissolved NO3-N, NH3-N, and PO4-P. In contrast, few distinct effects were observed in flasks or microcosms treated with the neutralized form of chlorendic acid. Results indicate that the observed effects were due primarily to increases in hydrogen ion concentration; direct toxicity also may have occurred at low pH where chorendic acid existed as the unionized species.
Position Paper on Diagnostic Criteria for Alzheimer Disease

The lesions of Alzheimer disease (AD) consist of synapse and neuron loss associated with progressive deposition of amyloid as diffuse and neuritic plaques and accumulating tau abnormalities in the form of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease constitute arbitrary cut-off levels above which AD is deemed to exist, and below which lesser amounts of the same abnormalities are relegated to the nebulous category of aging changes. Demanding neocortical tangles for a diagnosis of AD sacrifices sensitivity on the altar of specificity, since, while such lesions usually represent an advanced stage in the orderly evolution of AD, lighter burdens of plaque-predominant AD pathology with tangles confined to the medial temporal lobe can cause dementia when associated with concomitant synapse loss. Such muted AD pathology typifies the Lewy body variant of AD, and it serves to segregate it from pure Lewy body disease. We endorse the semiquantitative neuritic-plaque based criteria from CERAD for routine diagnosis, and Braak staging with descriptive profiling of AD lesions in a research context.
Association of thiocolchicine with tubulin

Abstract Thiocolchicine, a colchicine analog in which the C-10 methoxy is replaced with a thiomethyl moiety, was shown to bind with high affinity to the colchicine site on tubulin (Ka = 1.07 ± 0.14 × 106 M−1 at 23°C). Like colchicine, the association kinetics were biphasic, and the rate constants of both phases were temperature dependent. The rate constant of the fast phase of the association was 4 times greater than the rate constant for colchicine binding, and the activation energy was lower (19.1 ± 1.8 kcal/mol). X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that thiocolchicine displays greater puckering of the tropone C ring than colchicine ( Koerntogen, C. and Margulis, T. N. (1977) J. Pharm. Sci.66, 1127-113). These results indicate that the conformation of the C ring may have little effect on the energetics of colchicinoids binding to tubulin.
Augmented heavy lift assist devices for enhanced safety performance

Heavy lift assist devices are an important part of manufacturing facilities that involve large, heavy or bulky material. Many devices are available that provide lift but not motive force augmentation. In these devices, the physical strength of the operator is used to move and position the work piece. Due to large work piece inertial characteristics, inertial contributions from the lift device itself, and misuse of the assist manipulator, injuries may still occur. In this research, an approach is presented that provides reduced-authority actuation to the motive joints of the lift device that allows for augmentation of the human motion forces, provides a means of correcting injurious ergonomic interactions, and allows for high rate energy dissipation for payload trajectory control and emergency situations. The approach is to provide low torque input controlled by operator hand motions. These hand motions move the payload under a centralized trajectory generation scheme that uses modulated braking commands to impose motion constraints, such as object avoidance, resonance attenuation and ergonomic trajectory enhancement. The system is implemented in an virtual reality robot simulator that allows for the investigation of dynamic characteristics prior to the prototype stage.
Local and systemic immunoglobulins reactive to Bacteroides gingivalis in rapidly progressive and adult periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to compare the reactivity of the localized immunoglobulins present in the supernatant fluids from in vitro gingival organ cultures of rapidly progressive (RP) and adult periodontitis (AP) patients with those immunoglobulins occurring systemically in the sera of these patients. Tissue excised from periodontitis patients was diagnosed and classified as being either RP or AP and placed in the wells of a multiwell microtiter plate to which RPMI 1640 tissue culture medium was added. Supernatant fluids were harvested and fresh culture medium added to the wells at 24 h intervals. Supernatant fluids and autologous sera from RP and AP patients were tested for reactivity to Bacteroides gingivalis, an organism often implicated in periodontitis, as well as B. asaccharolyticus, a non-oral, non-crossreacting member of the genus Bacteroides, utilizing an ELISA technique. When immunoglobulins present in gingival tissue supernatant fluids were examined, it was found that mean levels reactive to B. gingivalis were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those to B. asaccharolyticus regardless of patient group. Similarly, the AP group always exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) increased antibody reactivity to B. gingivalis when compared to the RP periodontitis patients. However, when autologous sera from these patients were assayed, no significant differences were observed for immunoglobulin levels reactive to B. gingivalis or B. asaccharolyticus when comparing the AP and RP patient groups, or within the AP group alone. The results indicate that differences exist in the localized immunological responses of RP and AP patients to the periodontopathogen B. gingivalis that are not necessarily reflected in the systemic serum antibody responses of these patients.
The relationship between extreme heat and ambulance response calls for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Concern over the impact of extreme heat upon human health has increased in recent years. Though much research has evaluated the relationships between the two, few studies have attempted to quantify this vulnerability on a sub-metropolitan area level. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), ambulance calls for a 4-year period from 1999 to 2002 was analyzed in relation to extreme heat for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ambulance response calls were plotted on a map to understand the spatial variability of where calls significantly increase above normal levels during oppressively hot days. Census data were used to identify the demographic characteristics of the population within these areas. Statistical tests were also used to assess the degree of correlation among different meteorological variables and the ambulance call data. Over the 4-year period, the average number of ambulance calls increases by 10 percent over normal levels on those days considered oppressively hot. A change in the spatial pattern of calls also occurs on such days. The urban core, with the greatest density of calls, experiences the greatest absolute percentage increase in calls from normal on oppressive days. However, it is some areas of the city located along the shore of Lake Ontario, where a high majority of the population goes to cool down, that demonstrate the greatest percentage increase in calls. Other areas of the city exhibiting an increase in calls are located within industrial and recreational areas.
CuAlPd alloys for sensor and actuator applications

Abstract Currently available shape memory alloys (NiTi, CuAlNi, CuSnAl) lack the high transformation temperatures and long term thermal stability desired in many commercial applications. This paper reports the results of an investigation in which Pd was substituted for Ni to obtain the shape memory ally CuAlPd. The CuAlPd alloys were found to have an austenite transformation temperature range of 115–370°C depending on composition, heat treatment and working process. Optimal shape memory properties were found for a composition of Cu-13.1 wt% A1-2.4 wt% Pd. This alloy has a transformation temperature of 180°C and a recoverable strain of 4.8%. CuAlPd alloys have excellent workability and exhibit fatigue properties comparable to NiTi shape memory alloys. Single crystals of CuAlPd alloys were produced using a modified Bridgeman technique.
Strategic Planning in Further Education: The Business of Values

Since colleges were made responsible for strategic planning in 1993, managers in further education have encountered criticisms for not managing the process in a sufficiently business-like way and for being too business-driven in their approach. This article explores the experience of a group of principals who lead strategic planning, in the context of an analysis of a sample of strategic plans. It suggests planning takes place within a national strategic vacuum and that there is a diversity of types of plan and planning process. Plans based on achieving a competitive edge are in evidence, but so too are plans based on the need to build commitment in the face of severely constrained strategic choices, and driven by educational values. It is concluded that analysis and response to the planning of the sector should take better account of the diversity of purposes and practices within colleges.
A Case Study of Professional Development Expenditures at a Restructured High School

This article is an analysis of professional development spending in a recently restructured urban high school. This study describes the school's restructuring effort, the ways in which professional development in the school supports the effort, and the ways in which the school reallocated resources to create funds for professional development spending. We then apply the framework of professional development costs proposed by Odden, Archibald, Fermanich and Gallagher (forthcoming) to the professional development expenditures in the school. Information regarding professional development expenditures was obtained from budget and planning documents as well as interviews with school and district personnel. These data revealed that teachers in this school on average received $9,711 of professional development resources with 98% of the spending on teacher time and training or coaching.
Relevance of Canadian labour law to US firms operating in Canada

As US firms expand into Canada, it becomes necessary for them to be aware of Canadian law governing labour and employment. Unlike what many might think, the laws in the two countries are substantially different. Further, the effects of these differences have been demonstrated empirically. Considers the differences between US and Canadian labour law in seven areas: certification procedures; first contract arbitration; new technologies; strike replacements; successorship; employee participation programmes and union security. Discusses the effects of the laws in these areas.
Inhibition of histamine death in pertussis-inoculated mice by dibenzyline, an adrenergic blocking agent.

Abstract The adrenergic blocking agent, Dibenzyline, inhibited the lethal effects of both histamine and epinephrine in pertussis-inoculated, histamine-sensitive mice. Protection against histamine was obtained with doses similar to those reported for Neoantergan. Mice injected with 25 mg./kg. of Dibenzyline were protected from 3 LD 50 of histamine administered twenty-four hours later.
Immobilization techniques for molecular rotors—Towards a solid-state viscosity sensor platform

Abstract Molecular rotors are a subgroup of twisted intramolecular charge transfer fluorphores with high viscosity sensitivity. These fluorphores enjoy a high and growing popularity as in-solution nonmechanical viscosity sensors. A solid-state sensor with molecular rotor molecules covalently bound to a sensor substrate, such as glass, would be desirable to avoid contaminating the solution with a fluorescent solute and to obtain a more universal sensor platform. Although the proof-of-principle was provided [M.A. Haidekker, W.J. Akers, D. Fischer, E.A. Theodorakis, Optical fiber-based fluorescent viscosity sensor, Opt. Lett. 31 (2006) 2529–2531], a marked loss of sensitivity was observed with rotor immobilization. The influence of immobilization protocol and choice of linker was analyzed more systematically in this study. Among three silane linkers, ureidopropyl-trimethoxysilane was found to provide the highest sensitivity, and a higher immobilization density generally caused higher sensitivity. A glass slide serving as a substrate provided better sensor performance than an optical fiber because the glass-based sensor has a larger surface and no autofluorescence; conversely, an optical fiber is capable of measuring smaller volumes of fluid. Overall, we found that overall sensor performance strongly depends on the details of the immobilization protocol, and without specialized equipment, large variability between sensors exists. Sensitivity was measured as the exponent x in the intensity–viscosity power-law relationship. While in-solution molecular rotors exhibit values of x = 0.6, covalently linked molecular rotors did not exceed x = 0.15. This value is still sufficiently high to produce a sensor with a precision comparable to mechanical rheometers. However, further research is needed to examine the causes of between-sensor variability and to create more reproducible sensors.
Continuous gastric suctioning decreases measured esophageal temperature during general anesthesia.

Objective. This study sought to determine whether continuous gastric suctioning influences esophageal temperature measurements.Methods. This study evaluated 21 patients scheduled for extremity or lower abdominal surgery. After induction of general endotracheal anesthesia, an orogastric tube, and esophageal and nasopharyngeal temperature probes were placed in functional positions. Baseline esophageal (Tes) and nasopharyngeal (Tnas) temperatures were recorded and the orogastric tube was placed on continuous suction. After the first 11 patients (Group I) were studied, 10 additional patients (Group II) were studied with more frequent data collection to improve the time resolution of temperature changes. Temperatures were recorded for patients in Group I at 2 and 10 min with suctioning and 10 min after cessation of suctioning. In Group II, temperatures were recorded at 1, 2, 5 and 10 min with suctioning and 10 min after cessation of suctioning. Analysis of data was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and pairedt-tests with the Bonferroni correction.Results. In Group I, Tes decreased significantly from 35.9 ± 0.2 °C (mean ± SE) to 35.1 ± 0.4 °C at 2 min and 34.8 ± 0.3 °C at 10 min of suctioning (p < 0.01). Ten minutes after cessation of suctioning, Tes was not significantly different from the baseline measurement. Tnas did not change significantly over the 20 min observation period. In Group II, Tes continually decreased from 36.2 ± 0.1 °C to 34.8 ± 0.3 °C after 10 min of suctioning (p < 0.006) and returned to near baseline 10 min after cessation of suctioning. There was no significant change in Tnas over the 20 min observation period.Conclusion. We conclude that continuous gastric suctioning decreases esophageal temperature measurements. This phenomenon should be recognized as an artifactual change in esophageal temperature and not a reflection of core temperature.
Concept analysis of feeling: a human response pattern.

This article explores the concept of feeling, its historical foundations, and the use of this construct by other disciplines, e.g., philosophy and psychology. Feelings are well known and accepted as integral to human sensations and emotional experiences. One of the basic assumptions within nursing science is the notion that clients and nurses are emotional beings continually responding to the environment in a dynamic mind-body-spirit interaction. Phenomena classified within the taxonomic category of Feeling relate to a human response pattern involving the subjective awareness of information (NANDA, 1989). However, feeling as a human response has remained an underdeveloped and unrefined concept within nursing science. An operational definition is proposed in an effort to facilitate the classification of nursing diagnoses in regard to the holistic nature of persons.
Quantum electronic transport through three-dimensional microconstrictions with variable shapes

The transport properties of three-dimensional quantum microconstrictions in field-free conditions and under the influence of magnetic fields of arbitrary strengths and directions are studied via a generalized Buttiker model @Phys. Rev. B 41, 7906 ~1990!#. It is shown that conductance quantization is influenced by the geometry of the microconstriction ~that is, its length and the shape of its transverse cross section !. In a weak longitudinal magnetic field, when r c@d, where r c is the cyclotron radius and d the effective transverse size of the narrowing of the microconstriction, the conductance exhibits Aharonov-Bohm-type behavior. This behavior transforms in the strong-field limit, r c!d, into Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with a superimposed Aharonov-Bohm fine structure. The dependence of the Aharonov-Bohm-type features on the length of the microconstriction and on temperature are demonstrated. Transverse magnetic fields lead to depopulation of the magnetoelectric subbands, resulting in a steplike decrease of the conductance upon increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field.
Momentary work worries, marital disclosure, and salivary cortisol among parents of young children.

Objective To investigate whether worries about work are linked to people's own cortisol levels and their spouses' cortisol levels in everyday life and whether marital factors may moderate these links. Although research has shown that satisfying marriages can buffer the physiological effects of everyday stress, the specific mechanisms through which marriage influences the processing and transmission of stress have not yet been identified. Methods Thirty-seven healthy married couples completed baseline measures and then provided saliva samples and indicated their worries about work for six times a day from a Saturday morning through a Monday evening. Results Wives' cortisol levels were associated positively with their own work worries (p = .008) and with their husbands' work worries (p = .006). Husbands' cortisol levels were associated positively only with their own work worries (p = .015). Wives low in both marital satisfaction and disclosure showed a stronger association between work worries and cortisol compared with wives reporting either high marital satisfaction and/or high marital disclosure. Conclusions These results suggest that momentary feelings of stress affect not only one's own cortisol levels but affect close others' cortisol levels as well. Furthermore, they suggest that, for women, the stress-buffering effects of a happy marriage may be partially explained by the extent to which they disclose their thoughts and feelings with their spouses.
Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 activation in a primate model of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disabling neurological disorder involving inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme linked to DNA repair, has been shown to regulate the cellular inflammatory response through interactions with nuclear factor-kappaB. Extensive PARP-1 activation can, by separate mechanisms, also cause cell death. PARP-1 activation in brain occurs in several settings associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage, and PARP-1 inhibition has been shown to attenuate inflammation and improve neuronal survival in these settings. Here we studied the pattern of PARP-1 activation in a nonhuman primate model of MS, marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Characteristic of this model is relapsing and remitting focal demyelination typical of human MS. Immunostaining for poly(ADP-ribose), the enzymatic product of PARP-1, showed PARP-1 activation specifically in plaque areas of EAE brains. Robust immunostaining was found in astrocytes surrounding demyelinated EAE plaques and in scattered nearby microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. The immunostaining also suggested PARP-1 activation in occasional endothelial cells surrounded by microglia or infiltrating peripheral blood cells. Given the importance of PARP-1 in both inflammation and cell death processes, these findings suggest that PARP-1 activation may be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of MS.
Fabrication of Large Area Woodpile Structure in Polymer

A fabrication process of three-dimensional Woodpile photonic crystals based on multilayer photolithography from commercially available photo resist SU8 have been demonstrated. A 6-layer, 2 mm × 2mm woodpile has been fabricated. Different factors that influence the spin thickness on multiple resist application have been studied. The fabrication method used removes, the problem of intermixing, and is more repeatable and robust than the multilayer fabrication techniques for three dimensional photonic crystal structures that have been previously reported. Each layer is developed before next layer photo resist spin, instead of developing the whole structure in the final step as used in multilayer process. The desired thickness for each layer is achieved by the calibration of spin speed and use of different photo resist compositions. Deep UV exposure confinement has been the defining parameter in this process. Layer uniformity for every layer is independent of the previous developed layers and depends on the photo resist planarizing capability, spin parameters and baking conditions. The intermixing problem, which results from the previous layers left uncrossed linked photo resist, is completely removed in this process as the previous layers are fully developed, avoiding any intermixing between the newly spun and previous layers. Also this process gives the freedom to redo every spin any number of times without affecting the previously made structure, which is not possible in other multilayer process where intermediate developing is not performed.
Effects of subject, experimenter and task variables on compliance with the experimenter's expectation

Summary Under three different ambiguity conditions, 72 persons classified as “Orals” and 72 classified as “Anals” on the Blacky Test estimated the number of dots flashed tachistoscopically. Three expectation conditions (Overestimation Expectancies, Underestimation Expectancies, and No Expectancies) were given under two involvement conditions by male and female Es. Female Orals were the most compliant Ss. Female Es elicited more compliance than male Es, and there was a trend for female Ss to be more compliant than male Ss. Females complied with all Es whereas males complied with female Es but not with male Es. These effects were greatest in the high ambiguity condition. No difference was found between Ss' behavior under the two involvement conditions. Ss' reported compliance was also analyzed.
The impact of spectral power distribution on the performance of an achromatic visual task

This experiment tests the hypothesis that light sources that produce smaller pupil sizes ensure better achromatic visual task performance at the same photopic illuminance. Two groups of subjects, o...
Characterization of 17 chaperone-usher fimbriae encoded by Proteus mirabilis reveals strong conservation

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative enteric bacterium that causes complicated urinary tract infections, particularly in patients with indwelling catheters. Sequencing of clinical isolate P. mirabilis HI4320 revealed the presence of 17 predicted chaperone-usher fimbrial operons. We classified these fimbriae into three groups by their genetic relationship to other chaperone-usher fimbriae. Sixteen of these fimbriae are encoded by all seven currently sequenced P. mirabilis genomes. The predicted protein sequence of the major structural subunit for 14 of these fimbriae was highly conserved (≥ 95% identity), whereas three other structural subunits (Fim3A, UcaA and Fim6A) were variable. Further examination of 58 clinical isolates showed that 14 of the 17 predicted major structural subunit genes of the fimbriae were present in most strains (>85%). Transcription of the predicted major structural subunit genes for all 17 fimbriae was measured under different culture conditions designed to mimic conditions in the urinary tract. The majority of the fimbrial genes were induced during stationary phase, static culture or colony growth when compared to exponential-phase aerated culture. Major structural subunit proteins for six of these fimbriae were detected using MS of proteins sheared from the surface of broth-cultured P. mirabilis, demonstrating that this organism may produce multiple fimbriae within a single culture. The high degree of conservation of P. mirabilis fimbriae stands in contrast to uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, which exhibit greater variability in their fimbrial repertoires. These findings suggest there may be evolutionary pressure for P. mirabilis to maintain a large fimbrial arsenal.
Radiation-induced soft-tissue fibrosarcoma: surgical therapy and salvage.

Abstract Soft-tissue fibrosarcomas of the chest wall that occur after radiation therapy for breast carcinoma are rare and usually lethal. The histories of the 10 previously reported patients emphasize the dismal prognosis for untreated patients and suggest that surgical intervention offers the only hope of reasonable palliation. We report another patient, now alive and free from disease 3½ years after radical resection. The cases of these 11 patients are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical presentation, the difficulty of making the diagnosis, and the significant palliation that may be achieved with radical chest wall resection.
Monitoring the winds of hot stars with HST/GHRS

We present observations obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) of three 0-type stars: ξ per (07 III), λ Cep (06 Iaf) and 10 Lac (09 V). These observations show evidence of instabilities in the winds of all three stars, although not necessarily those expected from current models of structured winds.
Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Airbag Retraction Actuator (ARA) Pyroshock Test Results

This paper presents the shock test results achieved in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) airbag retraction actuator (ARA)/brush motor pyroshock qualification. The results of MER flight system pyrofiring tests are compared with ARA shock test requirements. Alternate test methods were developed in an effort to qualify critical MER equipment for adequate performance under actual flight pyroshock conditions. Simulated pyroshock qualification tests were conducted using shakers, mechanical impacts, and explosive charges for excitation. Comparisons of excitation and responses of an ARA subjected to different shock tests are presented.
The utility of a marched absorbing layer boundary condition in the finite element analysis of diffuse photon density wave propagation in tissues relevant to breast imaging

Here we introduce a marched absorbing layer boundary condition for the finite element analysis of diffuse photon density wave propagation in tissues. We investigated and optimized the parameters required to set up a marched absorbing layer boundary for diffuse photon density wave propagation in media with different absorption and scattering coefficients. Comparing with using a breast model connected to a large substrate and a Robin boundary condition, using a marched absorbing layer boundary condition to replace part of the large base reduced the time for forward modeling by about 30%.