cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Helicopter Parenting, Self-Control, and School Burnout among Emerging Adults

We examined the mediating role of self-control in the relation between helicopter parenting and college student school burnout and whether the relation between helicopter parenting and college student school burnout varied by parental gender. Specifically, we hypothesized that (1) there would be a positive association between helicopter parenting and school burnout through lower reports of self-control and (2) perceptions of paternal helicopter parenting would have a greater negative impact on school burnout compared to maternal helicopter parenting. In an online survey, college students (N= 427) reported on both maternal and paternal helicopter parenting, self-control, school burnout, and demographics. Results from structural equation modeling suggested that self-control fully mediated the relation between perceptions of maternal helicopter parenting and feelings of school burnout, and partially mediated the relation between perceptions of paternal helicopter parenting and school burnout. Further, perceptions of paternal helicopter parenting had a stronger direct association with college student school burnout compared to perceptions of maternal helicopter parenting. The results of our study suggest that helicopter parenting behaviors may hinder the development of self-control skills among emerging adult college students, which are associated with feelings of school burnout. Further, helicopter fathers may have a more direct negative impact on college students’ feelings of school burnout than helicopter mothers due to violating their child’s expectations of the typical fathering role. The implications of the findings for practices in higher education were also discussed.
Test Methods for EM Emission for Broadband Carrier Communication Systems over Low-voltage Power Lines

IEEE 1901.1 Standard for Medium Frequency (less than 15 MHz) Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications jointly formulated by China Electric Power Research Institute and State Grid Information & Telecom Technology Group was officially released and implemented recently. This standard will promote the rapid development of power line communication (PLC) chip, communication module and intelligent terminal industry. Under this background, in order to accurately quantify the impact of large-scale deployment of PLC systems on various short-wave services and provide support for subsequent decision-making, it is necessary to design a scientific and reasonable electromagnetic (EM) emission test scheme for low-voltage power line broadband carrier communication systems (LVPLBCCS). This test scheme actively draws lessons from the EM emission measurement standards of international PLC systems, and combines with the practical application of China’s PLC systems, develops a test method that meets the practical application scenarios of China. Including conducted disturbance test and radiated disturbance test, the proposed test method was carried out in laboratory conduction project, laboratory radiation project and actual field radiation project, which effectively ensures the reliability, accuracy, practicability and integrity of the test method.
Finite-size effects in lead scandium tantalate relaxor thin films

Author(s): Fernandez, A; Kim, J; Meyers, D; Saremi, S; Martin, LW | Abstract: Large electromechanical effects in relaxor ferroelectrics are generally attributed to the collective response of an ensemble of correlated, nanometer-sized polar structures induced by chemical and charge disorder. Here, we study finite-size effects on such polar order (i.e., how it evolves when sample dimensions approach the polarization correlation length) in 7-70-nm-thick films of the relaxor ferroelectric PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3. Temperature-dependent polarization studies reveal a linear suppression of the polarization and nonlinearity associated with relaxor order as the film thickness decreases to ≈30 nm. Below this thickness, however, the suppression rapidly accelerates, and polarization is completely absent by film thicknesses of ≈7 nm, despite the continued observation of a broad peak in dielectric permittivity and frequency dispersion. Diffuse-scattering measurements reveal the diffuse-scattering symmetry, and analysis suggests the films have a polarization correlation length of ≈23 nm. Taken together, it is apparent that reduction of sample size and the resulting distribution of polar structures drive suppression and eventual quenching of the electrical response of relaxors, which may be attributed to increasing dipole-dipole and dipole-interface interactions.
EMTome: a resource for pan-cancer analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and signatures.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables dissociation of tumour cells from the primary tumour mass, invasion through the extracellular matrix, intravasation into blood vessels and colonisation of distant organs. Cells that revert to the epithelial state via the mesenchymal-epithelial transition cause metastases, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. EMT also empowers cancer cells with stem-cell properties and induces resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Understanding the driving factors of EMT is critical for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This manuscript describes the generation of a database containing EMT gene signatures derived from cell lines, patient-derived xenografts and patient studies across cancer types and multiomics data and the creation of a web-based portal to provide a comprehensive analysis resource. EMTome incorporates (i) EMT gene signatures; (ii) EMT-related genes with multiomics features across different cancer types; (iii) interactomes of EMT-related genes (miRNAs, transcription factors, and proteins); (iv) immune profiles identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts by exploring transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, and drug sensitivity and (iv) clinical outcomes of cancer cohorts linked to EMT gene signatures. The web-based EMTome portal is a resource for primary and metastatic tumour research publicly available at www.emtome.org .
Teachers as Curriculum Designers: Inviting Teachers into the Productive Struggle.

This exploratory, embedded single study examined the experiences of middle grades teacher design teams over 10 months as they were immersed in the development of interdisciplinary curriculum units ...
Positive Energy District: A Model for Historic Districts to Address Energy Poverty

The Positive Energy District (PED) concept has been pointed out as key for cities energy system transformation towards carbon neutrality. The PED may be defined as an energy-efficient and flexible urban area with net-zero energy import and greenhouse gas emissions, aiming toward annual local surplus of renewable energy. Most of the studies and practical experiences about PEDs are based on newly built districts, where the planning and integration of innovative solutions are less complex and more cost-effective. However, to achieve Europe Union’s 2050 carbon-neutral ambition, we argue that the transformation of the settled districts is essential, including historic districts, which present common challenges across European cities, such as degraded dwellings, low-income families, and gentrification processes due to massive tourism flows. This paper aims to discuss how the PED model can be an opportunity for historic districts to reduce their emissions and mitigate energy poverty. The historic district of Alfama, in the city of Lisbon (Portugal), is used as a case study to show the potential of energy renovation measures and solar PV production in households, cornerstones of a PED. The annual energy needs potential reduction due to building retrofit is 84% and 19% for space heating and cooling respectively, while the integration of building-integrated PV technologies in rooftops and windows potentially generates up to 60 GWh/year. At the district scale, these two components of the PED concept could require an investment of 60M€ to 81M€ depending on the PV technologies in the rooftops, a sensitive aspect in historical districts. Unlike other mechanisms to tackle energy poverty, like the social tariffs, the adoption of structural measures like buildings energy efficiency retrofit and renewable energy integration will contribute to solve the energy poverty problem, which is significant in Alfama, in both the winter and summer. The highlighted investments require an innovative financial scheme to support not only buildings’ owners but also tenants, as these are amongst the most vulnerable to energy poverty. However, the social benefits of that investment, on the health system, air quality, climate resilience, labour productivity, social integration, would be invaluable.
Standardized genome-wide function prediction enables comparative functional genomics in plants: a new application area for Gene Ontologies

Background: Genome-wide gene function annotations are useful for hypothesis generation and for prioritizing candidate genes responsible for phenotypes of interest. We functionally annotated the genes of 18 crop plant genomes across 14 species using the GOMAP pipeline. Results: By comparison to existing GO annotation datasets available for a subset of these genomes, GOMAP-generated datasets cover more genes, assign more GO terms, and produce datasets similar in quality (based on precision and recall metrics using existing gold standards as the basis for comparison). From there, we sought to determine whether the datasets could be used in tandem to carry out comparative functional genomics analyses. As a test of the idea and a proof of concept, we created parsimony and distance-based dendrograms of relatedness based on functions for all 18 genomes. These dendrograms were compared to well-established species-level phylogenies to determine whether trees derived through the analysis of gene function agree with known evolutionary histories, which they largely do. Where discrepancies were observed, we determined branch support based on jackknifing then removed individual annotation sets by genome to identify the annotation sets causing errant relationships. Conclusions: Based on the results of these analyses, it is clear that for genome assembly and annotation products of similar quality, GOMAP-derived functional annotations used together across species do retain sufficient biological signal to recover known phylogenetic relationships, indicating that comparative functional genomics across species based on GO data hold promise as a tool for generating novel hypotheses about gene function and traits.
Prior pars plana vitrectomy and its association with adverse intraoperative events during cataract surgery.

PURPOSE To evaluate the risk of intraoperative complications during cataract surgery in eyes with a prior vitrectomy. METHODS A retrospective review of data from our cataract surgery registry of all patients undergoing cataract surgery between 2014 and 2018 at the University of Colorado Hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted, accounting for intra-patient correlation in subjects who underwent two cataract surgeries. The three main outcomes of interest, zonulopathy, posterior capsule (PC) tears and dropped lens fragments, were analysed for their association with prior pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and clinical characteristics of patients such as history of prior intravitreal injection and surgeon level of experience. RESULTS 10 540 eyes of 6447 patients were included in the analysis. 371 (3.5%) eyes had a prior PPV. Eyes with a prior PPV experienced more zonulopathy during cataract surgery (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.7, p = 0.002). Combined phacoemulsification/PPV were significantly more likely to experience all 3 complications, and this effect was even greater for eyes with a prior PPV. CONCLUSIONS All complications were rare; however, there was a significant association with prior PPV and intraoperative zonulopathy. Cataract surgeons must be aware of a patient's prior vitrectomy and plan accordingly for the increased risk of intraoperative complications.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability and the minimum detectable change (MDC) scores of the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (LSEQ). METHOD A total of 77 older adults who were experienced hearing aid users were administered the LSEQ in pen-paper format on two separate occasions. They were provided the first copy of the LSEQ in the clinic to take home to complete. Those participants who completed and returned the first copy of the questionnaire were then mailed a second copy of the LSEQ to complete and return approximately 2 weeks later. The mean subscale and total scale scores from the two administrations were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to determine test-retest reliability of the measure. The MDC scores, or the minimum difference between scores to demonstrate a real change in self-efficacy levels, were also calculated for each subscale and the total scale. RESULTS The ICCs ranged from 0.786 to 0.920 for the subscale and total scale scores. The MDC scores for the subscale and total scale ranged from 14.3% to 19.1%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the LSEQ has moderate to excellent test-retest reliability. The MDC scores demonstrate that the LSEQ has the potential to detect true changes in listening self-efficacy in older patients with hearing loss who use hearing aids. The LSEQ may aid clinicians in understanding listening self-efficacy in their patients and how their self-efficacy levels change with amplification.
On Morality and Economic Performance

Morality exerts an important influence on the behavior of economic actors, and behavior largely determines economic performance. Yet morality has received remarkably little attention from economists. In this paper, I explicitly incorporate morality into a simple static general equilibrium model in which people choose between productive and rent-seeking activities. Specifically, I explore the effect of changes in the joint distribution of ability and morality on performance. The model yields the following comparative statics results: (i) performance improves when more people are highly moral, and this effect is greater when the increase in the number of highly moral people is concentrated among those who are highly able; and (ii) performance may increase or decrease when more people are highly able, but performance increases by more (or decreases by less) when the increase in the number of highly able people is concentrated among those who are highly moral. These results have applications to the question of why some countries are rich and others are poor, and also to the issue of school vouchers. The paper concludes with a discussion of ways in which the framework could be extended in future research.
Early detection of Parkinson's disease.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews what is required for the development of predictive tests in medicine and for Parkinson's disease (PD) specifically. The chapter reviews the most promising current approaches. The development of predictive tests requires approaches unlike those typically used for testing hypotheses in basic and clinical research. Typical approaches in these disciplines might involve comparing a group with preclinical parkinsonism to a control group not at risk. Tests are then developed to distinguish between the two groups. A problem with this approach is that there is currently no way to identify the test group (patients with presymptomatic or preclinical parkinsonism). Clinical measures that are used to estimate the probability of a diagnostic outcome, such as, the probability that a patient with chest pain is having a myocardial infarction, are known as the clinical prediction rules. Essential features of all predictive tests are sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and generalizability.
FUTURE MARKETING DRIVERS FOR THE FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY

The forest products industry in North America is increasingly losing its share in its domestic markets. The pressure of low cost manufacturing combined with a slowing economy has painfully caused many mills to close and many workers to lose their jobs in recent years. We ask ourselves whether the forest products industry will be able to survive these gloomy times and what, if any are the factors that would drive the future of the forest products industry. Opening our minds to global markets beyond domestic consumption, targeting products towards changing demographic structure and resulting change in consumer tastes, developing and marketing products with the environmental conscious consumer in mind, product innovations, efficient management of the supply chain, and trade practices and policies will be some of the marketing drivers in the forest products industry in the new era.
Computational architecture for linear n-processor array implementations of composite rigid-body spatial inertial matrix algorithms

A computational architecture is proposed which meets the requirements for real-time calculation of the composite rigid-body spatial inertial matrix using a linear n processor array. This architecture provides for expansion to larger linear-array structures and can be modified to act as the basic structure for a 2D computational array. The multiple communication paths and internal parallelism provided by the C40 processor make this architecture amenable for use in computing architecture dependent O(n/sup 3/) algorithms with few modifications. This assumption means that the proposed architecture can be used as the central computing node for solving the entire forward dynamics problem in the control of robotic manipulators. The use of the TMS320C40 digital signal processor as the primary processing element reduces many of the hardware and timing problems encountered with other types of processors. >
Coordinated optimization of PHEVs for frequency regulation capacity bids using hierarchical game

This paper proposes a holistic framework for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to participate in frequency regulation in a deregulated electricity market. It is challenging to use PHEVs as frequency regulation units since conflicts of interests exist among PHEVs, aggregators and Transmission System Operator (TSO). PHEVs are also facing various uncertainties from power prices and the available regulation capacities. These challenges motivate us to model the system using a hierarchical game. At the upper level of the hierarchical game, the frequency regulation capacity bids of aggregators are formulated as a non-cooperative game. Based on the frequency regulation prices obtained from the non-cooperative game, we formulate a Markov game to coordinate the charging process of PHEVs at the lower level. The Markov game will optimize the regulation capacity of the aggregator and strengthen its ability in bidding a more favorable frequency regulation price in the upper level game. Thus, the benefits are well accommodated among PHEVs, aggregators and TSO in the proposed game-theoretic framework. Furthermore, the uncertainties from power prices and available regulation capacities are handled very well by the proposed non-cooperative game and Markov game respectively. Finally, various simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical game approach.
Use of the short-beam shear test for quality control of graphite-polyimide laminates

The properties of laminated composite materials are strongly affected by many fabrication variables including temperature, time, and molding pressure. It is therefore necessary to have reliable quality control tests to check the properties of manufactured materials. The short-beam shear test is used widely by both manufacturers and researchers as a quality control test in the production of materials and development of new material systems. There are, however, several limitations to the standard test method. This paper presents the results of short-beam shear tests on graphite-polyimide laminates and reports on stiffness-strength relationships and nondestructive evaluation methods which aid in the interpretation of the test data.
Keratoconus corneas: Increased gelatinolytic activity appears after modification of inhibitors

We examined the metalloproteinase activity from normal and keratoconus corneal extracts. No differences were detected in the total amount of the metalloproteinase or its physical form of activation. However, there was a significant elevation in enzymatic activity in the keratoconus extracts after chemical modification of inhibitory elements. This suggests either a difference in the enzymatic capabilities of keratoconus corneas or, as suggested previously, a decrease in the amount of TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) present in the tissue.
Characterization of mouse tGolgin-1 (golgin-245/trans-golgi p230/256 kD golgin) and its upregulation during oligodendrocyte development.

As part of an effort to identify gene products that are differentially regulated during oligodendrocyte development, we isolated a mouse cDNA that encodes tGolgin-1, a homolog of the human protein known as golgin-245, trans-golgi p230, or 256 kD golgin. Human tGolgin-1 is the target of autoantibodies in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and is thought to be involved in vesicular transport processes at the trans-Golgi network. Sequencing of cDNAs and EST clones comprising the full-length tGolgin-1 transcript predict marked homology with the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of the human protein, but more limited homology within the central predicted coiled-coil region. Epitope tagged, truncated forms of mouse tGolgin-1, like those of its human homolog, were localized at steady state to the Golgi/trans-Golgi network in transfected cells. The tGolgin-1 message was expressed in all tissues examined, but was highly upregulated in oligodendrocyte precursors at a stage just prior to myelination. This expression pattern suggests that tGolgin-1 may play a role in specialized transport processes associated with maturation and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors.
Factors related to patient delay in seeking medical attention for cutaneous malignant melanoma

This study investigated the relationship between patient delay in seeking medical attention and prognostic indicators, tumor characteristics, and demographic and behavioral factors in 106 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Patients with less readily apparent lesions, particularly on the back, had longer delays in seeking treatment, as might be expected. The prognostically unfavorable nodular melanomas were detected more frequently by patients themselves than they were found during visits to physicians for unrelated problems. In terms of behavioral variables, patients with less knowledge of melanoma or its appropriate treatment had significantly longer delays. Patients who minimized the seriousness of their condition were more likely to seek treatment sooner, perhaps because this reduced fear and anxiety about the disease or its treatment. For superficial spreading melanoma, delay was significantly and positively correlated with Clark's level of invasion, and also with tumor thickness when only noncoincidentally diagnosed patients were included; whereas for the nodular type, delay was significantly and positively associated with tumor thickness, whether the patient was coincidentally diagnosed or not. The significance of these findings for early detection, and hence improved prognosis of malignant melanoma, is discussed.
SU-D-213AB-03: Design Optimization of a HDR Ir-192 Brachytherapy Skin Applicator Using Monte Carlo-Based Dosimetry.

Purpose: AccuBoost® applicators are designed to deliver boost dose after whole breast irradiation in substitution for electron boost. By augmenting the current design through adding a wedge inside the applicator and atungsten window above the skin surface, the AccuBoost applicators can be used to treat skincancer. This study aimed to design a skin applicator that could deliver brachytherapy in a conformai and homogeneous manner to the skin while minimizing OAR dose.Methods: The 6 cm round AccuBoost applicator served as the foundation for variations of an internal cone, internal wedge, and external window. Monte Carlo(MC) methods (MCNP5)were used for dose characterization and design optimization of these tungsten‐alloy components. Specifically, the cone, wedge, and window dimensions were iteratively varied in MC simulations based on HDR Ir‐192 dose distributions having (0.5 mm)2 voxels in a soft tissue phantom. The design goal was an applicator that can protect tissue > 5 mm while providing lateral dose conformity and a homogeneous dose distribution for tissue < 3 mm. Results: The internal wedge angle governed field size to be irradiated, limiting depth‐dose spread into the phantom. Dose conformity was enhanced by the internal cone and collimating window. Window thickness increased required treatment time, where 3 mm was determined to be optimal when considering tradeoff between depth dose and dose rate. With a lesion thickness of 3 mm and setup uncertainty of 1 mm, the optimal design provided better lateral coverage at d = 5mm. Here, the dose was less than 30% of that within the treatment aperture. Conclusion: Standardized criteria were established for doseoptimization of a skin applicator. Using these criteria and MC methods, an optimized design was obtained. Optimization is underway for other applicator diameters. Clinical evaluation within a 3D treatment planning system and comparison with other brachytherapyskin applicators is ongoing. Prof. Rivard is a stakeholder of Advanced Radiation Therapy, LLC.
Stabilization of localized states in dissipative tunneling systems interacting with monochromatic fields

We study the dynamics of an initially localized symmetric two-level system coupled to high-temperature dissipative environments and driven by a strong time-periodic force which corresponds to high-frequency monochromatic light. Qualitative arguments based on the quantized representation of the radiation field predict a wealth of intriguing behaviors which are confirmed and quantified via accurate numerical path integral calculations. With the exception of very strong friction we find that high-frequency driving always helps stabilize localized states. At intermediate friction the delocalization rate approaches a “universal’’ limiting value which is largely independent of the parameters of the environment and of the specifics of the driving force, depending only on its overall strength. This robust behavior implies that localized states can be stabilized in these systems without much finetuning of external conditions. In the weak friction regime the interplay between phase interference and dissipation results in nonmonotonic variation of the decay rate with friction and driving frequency. The path integral results are compared to those obtained earlier via analytical treatments.
Space-time slicer architectures for analog-to-information conversion in channel equalizers

As modern communication transceivers scale to multi-Gbps speeds, the power consumption and cost of highresolution, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) become a crucial bottleneck in realizing “mostly digital” receiver architectures that leverage Moore's law. This bottleneck could potentially be alleviated by designing analog front ends for the more specific goal of analog-to-information conversion (i.e., preserving the digital information residing in the received signal). As one possible approach towards this goal, we consider a generalization of the standard flash ADC: instead of implementing n bit quantization of a sample by passing it through 2 n -1 slicers as in a standard ADC, the slicers are dispersed in time as well as space (i.e., amplitude). Considering BPSK over a dispersive channel, we first show, using ideas similar to those underlying compressive sensing, that randomly dispersing enough one-bit slicers over space and time does provide information sufficient for reliable demodulation over a dispersive channel. We then propose an iterative algorithm for optimizing the design of the sampling times and amplitude thresholds, and provide numerical results showing that the number of slicers can be significantly reduced relative to a conventional flash ADC with comparable bit error rate (BER). These system-level results motivate further investigation, in terms of both circuit and system design, into looking beyond conventional ADC architectures when designing analog front-ends for high-speed communication.
Designs of simulated-moving-bed cascades for quaternary separations

Although basic architecture is important for all simulated-moving-bed (SMB) systems, it is particularly important for the separation of multicomponent mixtures because there are not yet standard schemes. New designs are proposed for SMB cascades separating quaternary mixtures. The local equilibrium model is used to determine the minimum desorbent-to-feed ratios (D/F) and productivities for 21 different SMB systems with linear isotherms. An easy-split SMB cascade can theoretically achieve the thermodynamic minimum D/F = 3.0. On the basis of the results, tentative selection rules for SMB systems are proposed for quaternary separations with linear isotherms. Detailed simulations agreed qualitatively with the equilibrium model predictions.
Endoprosthetic replacement following limb‐sparing resection for bone sarcoma

Prosthetic replacements are widely used in the reconstruction of deficits created by surgical resection for bone sarcomas. The longevity, complications, and functional outcome of these reconstructions vary by anatomic location, prosthesis type, and mode of fixation. Distal femoral replacement appears to be the most reproducibly successful prosthetic reconstruction, particularly when utilizing a cemented rotating-hinge device. Expandable prostheses may be the only alternative to rotationplasty or ablation in the young skeletally immature patient. Aseptic loosening and bone resorption are frequently noted complications of prosthetic replacement for which successful revision is nearly always possible. The incidence of infection has been reduced by use of better soft tissue coverage. The concept of extracortical bone bridging continues to evolve while enhanced tendon attachment emerges as a new development. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 13:3–10. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Variations of electron-phonon coupling in alkali-metal-C60 solid solutions.

We report on in situ, interference-enhanced Raman-scattering studies of ultrathin, several monolayer thick films that demonstrate solid-solution formation of ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ for A=NA, K, Rb, Cs and x\ensuremath{\le}3. In contrast to ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, which indicates moderate, disorder-related vibrational broadening, the other alkali-metal--fulleride Raman spectra exhibit larger changes in intramolecular ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ derived Hg(2) and Hg(8) modes due to substantial electron-phonon coupling. These observations are consistent with the absence of superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and comparable, substantial electron-phonon coupling in ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. For ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, the largest electron-phonon coupling for Hg(2) is observed for x\ensuremath{\simeq}1, in contrast to values of x\ensuremath{\simeq}2 for K and Rb doped materials.
Tumor localization and radioimaging with mixtures of radioiodinated monoclonal antibodies directed to different colon cancer associated antigens.

Abstract After demonstrating enhanced tumor cell binding with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in vitro , biodistribution and immunoscintigraphy studies with 3 radioiodinated anti-colon cancer MAbs and a non-specific control MAb (MOPC) were conducted in a human colon cancer (GW-39)-hamster model system. Each of the specific MAbs, but not MOPC, demonstrated extensive tumor binding and in scintigrams affected visualization of all large tumors (>0.85 g) over background. Using single MAbs, few small tumors (0.19–0.50 g) were defined above background (0–29%). However, with combinations of these specific MAbs small tumors were more frequently defined in scintigrams (43–67%). Radioimages using higher doses of MAbs and small, younger tumors more clearly demonstrated the superiority of a MAb mixture. These results confirmed that combinations of MAbs to different antigens can detect smaller tumors with better tumor localization when compared to component MAbs used singly. This study supports the concept that tumor targeting and detection may be enhanced with appropriate mixtures of MAbs.
Responses of wintering humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) to playback of recordings of winter and summer vocalizations and of synthetic sound

Three natural sounds and one synthetic sound were played back to humpback whales during their 1985 and 1986 winter residency in Hawaiian waters. Playback was conducted from a vessel positioned within visual range of an elevated shorestation equipped with a high-precision surveyor's theodolite, used to determine the positions and movements of observed whale and of the playback vessel. A playback session consisted of 20 min of pretest observation with the vessel in place and underwater speaker deployed, followed by a 20-min test phase during which sound, or a blank tape control, was introduced. A total of 143 playback sessions, involving a total of 338 pods (a single whale or a group of whales), were completed over the two winter seasons. The major response observed during playback was a rapid approach to the playback vessel, characterized in some cases by velocities up to 9 km/h and approaches to within 50 m or less. Whales approaching were mainly singletons and, secondly, apparent adult pairs. No cow-calf pair ever approached. The approach was selective: 21.6% of targeted pods approached in response to a feeding sound recorded in summer feeding grounds in Alaska; 8.3% approached in response to social sounds recorded in the Hawaiian winter grounds in the presence of large surface-active pods; 3.4% responded to playback of winter song; and 4.1% responded to playback of synthetic sound. There were no approach responses to the blank tape control. Singing whales have been identified as males by many researchers. Data from Alaska suggested that the feeding sound was produced by a female; data from Hawaii suggests that the social sounds were produced by males. The different rates of response were attributed to the behavior of sexually active males seeking to affiliate with sexually mature females. Although a female may be present in pods producing social sounds, the presence of multiple males exhibiting aggression may inhibit the approach of other males. Song did not serve as an attractant for females, as measured by direct approach, but may still serve as a basis for female choice.
Observation of flooded ice in Arctic regions

Abstract The remote detection of flooding in the Arctic ice pack has been difficult to accomplish using conventional techniques. We have examined a case of Artie flooding (8 June 1989) with NOAA and DMSP visible and infrared measurements supplemented by DMSP microwave imager (SSM/I) data. Analysis of visible and infrared data for a sunglint region was used to show the distribution of flooding at 72° N, 135° W. A simple model was developed for the radiative transfer at microwave wavelengths through a bring layer over ice. The predictions of the model were found to be consistent with the spatial behaviour of the SSM/I measurements. This case study demonstrates the usefulness of using combine visible, infrared, and microwave measurements to differentiate among flooded, broken ice, and open water regions, even in the presence of cloud cover or surface fog Formerly Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory
Visual Hallucinations in Blindness: The Charles Bonnet Syndrome

A 64-year-old woman developed complex visual hallucinations consisting of snakes crawling out of people's head and on her body. She had become blind 14 years before the onset of the hallucinations. Neurosurgical removal of a large suprasellar meningioma was followed by disappearance of her hallucinations. This case suggests that the complex hallucinations often encountered in blind subjects ("release hallucinations"), a phenomenon originally described by Charles Bonnet in 1769, are related to both sensory deprivation and an impairment in CNS functioning.
Parity violation in few-nucleon systems

We summarize recent results on parity-violation in few-nucleon systems, including pp elastic scattering and np radiative capture. These results are relevant to recent or present experimental measurements at TRIUMF and LANSCE, respectively. We also present results for other potential or planned experiments, summarizing the contributions they will make to understanding the weak parity-violating NN interaction. Dependencies upon the NN strong interaction are also addressed. PACS: 21.30.+v Few-body systems – 24.80.+y Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries
A biologically-active procyanidin from Machaerium floribundum

Abstract A procyanidin was isolated from Machaerium floribundum and characterized by its 13 C NMR spectrum. The procyanidin consists of an average of four units, M n = 1150, and the stereochemistry of the heterocyclic ring system is cis . The procyanidin inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas maltophilia .
The Maxwell Group and the Quantum Theory of Particles in Classical Homogeneous Electromagnetic Fields

Covariant solutions of the Dirac (and Klein-Gordon) equation in a homogeneous classical electromagnetic field are constructed. This is done using the symmetry group of the equation, the Maxwell group. These covariant solutions are obtained starting from solutions in the frame where the electromagnetic field is described by a magnetic field pointing in the 3-direction and then using the theory of induced representations.
A Writers' Camp in Action: A Community of Readers and Writers

At a writers' camp, teachers and children collaboratively write and learn together during the summer. Through student writing samples, this article shows how teachers and students apply journalistic techniques of observing, note-taking, and interviewing to collect information about their local community. Teachers and children taking part in the camp transform their observations, notes, and interviews into poems, descriptive paragraphs, or articles each morning. Each afternoon, teachers reflect on their experiences at the camp, consider applications of real-life writing and information collecting to their daily teaching, and think about ways to refine their teaching practice. These reflections illustrate ways teachers can modify and adjust instruction to help students with their writing. The article summarizes the benefits of this collaborative writing adventure for both children and teachers, with quotes from students suggesting how the camp helped struggling writers. The article concludes by suggesting ways classroom teachers might adapt the real-world writing for classroom use, as well as ways educators might modify the writers' camp to create alternative courses for teachers.
Core-level binding-energy shifts at surfaces and in solids

Abstract This review presents an overview of the theory and of various successful approaches to the interpretation of core-level binding-energy shifts observed in photoelectron spectroscopy. The review concentrates specifically on shifts since most of the chemical and physical insights provided by core levels are derived not from the core-level binding energies themselves but from shifts they exhibit. The theoretical background is presented at a level readily accessible to the general reader. Particular attention is paid to relative merits of the two basically different conceptual frameworks for interpreting core-level binding-energy shifts, the initial-state-final-state approach and the equivalent-core approach.
Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine in Refractory or Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial 1597

Purpose: Gemcitabine has shown a broad range of activity in solid tumors, including previously untreated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The objective of this phase II trial was to investigate the activity of gemcitabine in patients with relapsed SCLC. Patients and Methods: SCLC patients with measurable disease who had experienced treatment failure with one prior chemotherapy regimen were considered eligible. Patients were required to have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2 and adequate organ function; signed informed consent was also required. Treatment consisted of gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Patients were stratified according to their previous response to first-line chemotherapy (primary refractory v primary sensitive disease). Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled onto this phase II trial (20 refractory and 26 sensitive patients). Forty-two of these patients were assessable for response and survival, and 44 were assessable for ...
Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

The physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.
Heart failure 63 years after traumatic arteriovenous fistula.

Abstract Congestive heart failure developed in a patient 63 years after an initial bullet wound, sustained at age 12, and a subsequently acquired arterlovenous fistula of the left thigh. This is the longest reported interval between formation of an acquired arterlovenous fistula and development of cardiac decompensation. Clinical improvement after surgical closure of the fistula was dramatic. Objective evidence of improvement was documented with serial echocardiograms.
The oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons over noble metal catalysts

Abstract The oxidation of CO, C 3 H 6 , 1-hexene, and toluene under excess O 2 has been studied over precious metal (PM) catalysts, Pt, Pd, and Rh, in the form of unsupported wires or supported on γ-Al 2 O 3 or CeO 2 /Al 2 O 3 . The kinetics were affected by the state of the metal dispersion, the pretreatment temperature, the reaction conditions, and the presence of CeO 2 . The existence of two types of surface sites each with its own reaction kinetics is postulated to explain the results; to wit: (1) Type I kinetics, exemplified by the PM wires, is first-order with respect to O 2 and negative first-order with respect to CO over all three metals. Over the same Pt or Pd catalysts, the olefin oxidation is strongly self-inhibited by HC and more than first-order in O 2 , whereas the opposite was found for Rh. These sites are attributed to PM particles in low oxidation state. (2) Type II kinetics is positive order with respect to CO and nearly independent to oxygen partial pressure. The olefin oxidation is less self-inhibiting by HC (for Pt and Pd) and by O 2 (Rh) than type I. Generally, the activation energies are lower. This type of kinetics prevails over PM surface of higher dispersion and higher oxidation state. The presence of CeO 2 promotes the type II kinetics. The oxidation of 1-hexene and toluene is very similar to that of C 3 H 6 and suggests that the adsorption of the hydrocarbon on the surface through the double bond is important.
The determination of theory by evidence: The case for quantum discontinuity, 1900?1915

The thesis that observation necessarily fails to determine theory is false in the sense that observation can provide overwhelming evidence for a particular theory or even a hypothesis within the theory. The saga of quantum discontinuity illustrates the power of evidence to determine theory and shows how that power can be underestimated by inadequate caricatures of the evidential case. That quantum discontinuity can save the phenomena of black body radiation is the widely known result, but it leaves open the possibilities of other accounts. That these phenomena, with the aid of minimal assumptions, entail quantum discontinuity is the crucial but now largely forgotten result. It was first demonstrated by Ehrenfest and Poincare in 1911 and 1912.
Phenotypic characterization of mononuclear infiltrate present in liver of biliary atresia.

The liver tissue of 26 chidren with biliary atresia was compared to that of 20 adults with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, 20 adults with chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis B infection, and 5 children with α1-antitrypsin deficiency in terms of the number and type of mononuclear cells in portal and lobular areas of each using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies that recognize different cell surface epitopes. All of the tissues studied were obtained at time of liver transplantation. In addition the livers of 5 adults biopsied for hepatomegaly but found to have no histologic liver disease were used as normal controls for this study. The results demonstrate that liver tissue obtained from children with end-stage biliary atresia is more like normal liver in terms of the number and type of mononuclear cells present than in either of the two types of adult liver diseases. Moreover although the liver of children with end-stage α1-antitrypsin deficiency is more like that of normal liver than either of the two adult liver diseases studied in terms of the number and type of mononuclear cells within the liver, it is less similar to that of normal adult liver than is liver tissue obtained from children with biliary atresia. These findings suggest that as a morphologic basis biliary atresia is unlikely to be due to either a viral or an autoimmune attack upon the liver.
A Web portal for CMS Grid job submission and management

We present a Web portal for CMS Grid submission and management. The portal is built using a JBoss application server. It has a three tier architecture; presentation, business logic and data. Bean based business logic interacts with the underlying Grid infrastructure and pre-existing external applications, while the presentation layer uses AJAX to offer an intuitive, functional interface to the back-end. Application data aggregating information from the portal as well as the external applications is persisted to the server memory cache and then to a backend database. We describe how the portal exploits standard, off-the-shelf commodity software together with existing Grid infrastructures in order to facilitate job submission and monitoring for the CMS collaboration. This paper describes the design, development, current functionality and plans for future enhancements of the portal.