cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychology and the legal system

Psychology and the law - impossible choices Psychologists and the legal system Legality, morality and justice Lawyers - socialization, training and ethics Theories of crime The police and the criminal justice system Crime investigation: eyewitnesses Identification and evaluation of criminal suspects The rights of victims and the rights of the accused Between arrest and trial Competence in the lega1 system The trial process Jury trials I: jury representation and selection Jury trials II: Assumptions and reforms Rape: rapists and victims Insanity and the law The rights of special groups punishment and sentencing The appellate process and the supreme court. (Each chapter concludes with a summary.)
Informed consent in probation and parole settings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the complex factors associated with informed consent in probation and parole settings. Design/methodology/approach – The author conducted a literature review exploring informed consent in correctional settings. To identify articles for review, the author searched electronic peer-reviewed literature databases for articles on: informed consent, corrections, probation, parole, voluntariness, and coercion. Findings – There is evidence in the literature to suggest that the informed consent process is significantly more complicated within correctional settings than in civilian contexts. The use of implicit and explicit coercion and determining an offender’s voluntariness status may be a problematic prospect unique to the setting. This manuscript makes recommendations to ensure informed consent is truly obtained and to safeguard client welfare. Originality/value – There is a paucity of literature on providing mental health services in probation and parole setting...
Long-term results of surgical revascularization for renal artery disease

This article discusses the different operative techniques used for treatment of patients with significant atherosclerotic renal artery disease. The authors then review the results and success rates of these procedures.
Detection of small quantities of double stranded DNA by enhanced fluorescence of substituted aldehyde modified polydeoxynucleotide-ethidium bromide complexes.

Abstract A method for the detection of small amounts of double stranded DNA by a simple incubation procedure involving the reaction of the nucleotide bases in DNA with chloroacetaldehyde is described. Following incubation, the presence of DNA may be visualized by the orange fluorescence emitted when ethidium bromide (EtBr) is added. Alternatively, the aldehyde/DNA mixture may be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and individual double stranded DNA visualized by exposing the gel to ethidium bromide and observing the orange ultraviolet light induced fluorescence of the aldehyde modified double stranded ethidium bromide complex (Waring, M.J. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 13, 269–282). At least a 20-fold increase in the detection of double stranded DNA is possible by this procedure. An important aspect of this method is that the visualization of single stranded DNA is not enhanced.
Measurements of Resonant Electron Capture in Close H + -on-H Collisions

Differential scattering of He/sup +/ ions by He atoms in the energy range of 0.4 to 25.0 kev was studied as a function of scattering angle between 0.4 and 4.4 deg . The scattered ion was analyzed to determine whether it had captured an electron after a single collision with a target atom. The limits in both energy and angle were chosen in order that a very wide variation in velocity and in impact parameter might be represented by the data. The high angular resolution needed in obtaining data at the small angles placed severe requirements on the beam-defining geometry and made precise determinations of the ion beam direction necessary. ln addition, a spreading of the low-energy ion beam, which would have prevented taking data at small angles, was observed. The use of a special high-temperature collision chamber was necessary to prevent this spreading. Besides electron-capture effects, electron stripping and double capture were also studied, as represented by the He/sup ++/ and He/sup -/ components among the scattered particles. For this ion-atom combination, electron capture by the ion is a result of resonant charge transfer and the electron capture probability is observed to oscillate when plotted versus incident ion energy.more » The electron-capture probability, which is found to be independent of scattering angle at the high ion energies, is observed to undergo a transition such that the electron-capture probability oscillates rapidly with angle, and is independent of ion energy at low energies. From these data, relationships among electron-capture probability, scattering angle, and ion energy are found and used to obtain an empirical equation that fits the data. This is the first of two consecutive papers, of which the second, by Everhart, analyzes these data in terms of the theory of resonant electron capture. (auth)« less
Leptin signaling pathways in the central nervous system: interactions between neuropeptide Y and melanocortins

No other hormone has drawn more attention than leptin in recent studies on the control of appetite, body weight and obesity. This hormone is produced by adipose tissue and enters the brain via a saturable specific transport mechanism. Leptin acts in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake and heat production as well as several other neuroendocrine pathways. The mechanisms through which leptin exerts its central nervous effects are now better understood. Proopiomelanocortin- and neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in the hypothalamus have emerged as potent candidate mediators of leptin action. These two neuropeptides have been shown to exert opposing effects using different pathways. Recently, Cowley et al. (2001) described a new circuit in the regulation of neuronal activity by leptin with an interaction between these two pathways. These data add complexity to the mechanisms by which leptin achieves its effects in the central nervous system, but they also offer potential mechanisms to explain the phenomenon of leptin resistance observed in obesity.
‘Intellectual Capital’ and Struggles over the Perceived Value of Members’ Expert Knowledge in a Knowledge‐intensive Organization

This case study analyzes the ways in which members struggled over the perceived value of their expert knowledge, or ‘intellectual capital,’ in the uncertain, ambiguous, and changing environment of a knowledge‐intensive organization. Using Bourdieu’s notion of symbolic capital, this qualitative study analyzes the specific communicative processes by which some individuals’ and groups’ expert knowledge came to be considered more valuable than that of others. The study shows that employees and executives routinely shaped the perceived value of their expert knowledge in self‐serving ways and often did so at the organization’s expense.
Effect of blockage of the endocannabinoid system by CB1 antagonism on cardiovascular risk

The endocannabinoid system is a crucial player in the inflammatory processes underlying atherosclerosis. Recently, basic research studies and animal models have strongly supported the role of the endocannabinoid system not only in the regulation of classical cardiovascular risk factors (including lipid profile and glucose homeostasis), but also in the activation of immune cells and inflammatory mediators. Clinical trials investigating treatment with rimonabant (a selective antagonist of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor) have suggested a beneficial effect of this drug in the management of obesity. Further studies are needed to explore a possible use for rimonabant in treating type 2 diabetes and acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Despite the slight increase in adverse events (mainly psychiatric), which has led to the recent withdrawal of rimonabant from the market, CB1 receptor antagonism might represent a very promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the cardiovascular risk. In the present review, we focused on the most important experimental investigations into the role of the endocannabinoid system in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk.
Runtime and Programming Support for Memory Adaptation in Scientific Applications via Local Disk and Remote Memory

The ever increasing memory demands of many scientific applications and the complexity of today’s shared computational resources still require the occasional use of virtual memory, network memory, or even out-of-core implementations, with well known drawbacks in performance and usability. In Mills et al. (Adapting to memory pressure from within scientific applications on multiprogrammed COWS. In: International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, IPDPS, Santa Fe, NM, 2004), we introduced a basic framework for a runtime, user-level library, MMlib, in which DRAM is treated as a dynamic size cache for large memory objects residing on local disk. Application developers can specify and access these objects through MMlib, enabling their application to execute optimally under variable memory availability, using as much DRAM as fluctuating memory levels will allow. In this paper, we first extend our earlier MMlib prototype from a proof of concept to a usable, robust, and flexible library. We present a general framework that enables fully customizable memory malleability in a wide variety of scientific applications. We provide several necessary enhancements to the environment sensing capabilities of MMlib, and introduce a remote memory capability, based on MPI communication of cached memory blocks between ‘compute nodes’ and designated memory servers. The increasing speed of interconnection networks makes a remote memory approach attractive, especially at the large granularity present in large scientific applications. We show experimental results from three important scientific applications that require the general MMlib framework. The memory-adaptive versions perform nearly optimally under constant memory pressure and execute harmoniously with other applications competing for memory, without thrashing the memory system. Under constant memory pressure, we observe execution time improvements of factors between three and five over relying solely on the virtual memory system. With remote memory employed, these factors are even larger and significantly better than other, system-level remote memory implementations.
SEROLOGIC SURVEY AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL REFERENCE RANGES OF THE FREE-RANGING MOUNTAIN LION (FELIS CONCOLOR) IN CALIFORNIA

Serum samples from 58 mountain lions (Felis concolor) in California (USA) were collected between April 1987 and February 1990. Nineteen serum samples were used for serum biochemistry determinations; the ranges were similar to reference values in domestic cats, captive exotic felidae and free-ranging mountain lions. A serological survey was conducted to determine whether antibodies were present against selected infectious agents. Fifty-four (93%) of 58 sera had antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus. Fifteen (68%) of 22, 16 (28%) of 58, 11 (19%) of 58, and 10 (17%) of 58 had serum antibodies against feline reovirus, feline coronavirus, feline herpes virus, and feline calicivirus, respectively. Twenty-three (40%) of 58 and 21 (58%) of 36 had serum antibodies against Yersinia pestis and Toxoplasma gondii, respectively. Only one of 22 sera had antibodies against the somatic antigen of Dirofilaria immitis. Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus antigens were not detected in any mountain...
Hormonal changes associated with natural and manipulated incubation in the sex-role reversed Wilson's phalarope

Wilson's phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) is characterized by intense female intrasexual competition and exclusive male parental care. Females occasionally are polyandrous and no territories are defended. Prolactin (Prl) and testosterone (T) were analyzed from plasma samples obtained from individuals of different reproductive stages. Males tended to have higher plasma Prl levels than females throughout the breeding season. Prolactin levels of males declined posthatch, reaching baseline levels when chicks were approximately 9 days old—the time when chicks approach thermal independence and brooding is minimal. Testosterone levels dropped at the onset of incubation and remained low through the brooding period. Eggs were manipulated such that some males incubated clutches for shortened periods, others for extended periods. Regardless of the length of incubation, Prl levels were determined primarily by environmental events, i.e., incubation, hatching, and brooding.
A Complete Guide to Gamma Variate Generation

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTConsiderable attention has recently been directed at developing simpler and faster algorithms for generating gamma random variates (with general, not necessarily integral, shape parameter α) on digital computers. This paper surveys the current state of the art, which includes fifteen gamma algorithms applicable for α ≥ 1 and six that are applicable for α < 1. These algorithms are compared according to the criteria of speed and simplicity. General random variate generation techniques are explained with reference to these gamma algorithms. Computer simulation experiments on DEC and CDC computers are reported. Guidelines for some specific applications are given.
Kinetics and equilibria of the PdCl system

Abstract The kinetics of the reaction between chlorine and palladium between 500 and 1100 °C at chlorine pressures from 38 to 380 Torr was studied at the Bureau of Mines. Three kinetic regions, differentiated by separate controlling mechanisms, were found. Correlations were made between the kinetic factors and equilibria involving the vaporization and decomposition of palladium chlorides. The relationships between the rate of palladium reaction R (mg h−1 cm−2), the chlorine pressure P (Torr) and the absolute temperature T (K) for the three regions were determined to be log R = 11.0 − 8620 T log( R P 4 ) = 26.6 + 21700 T and log( R P 0.8 ) = 4.72 − 6950 T .
Light quality and oceanic ultraphytoplankters

Photosynthetic prokaryotic picoplankters (<2µm), Synechococcus spp.1,2, provide a significant fraction of oceanic primary production3,4. The significance of similarly sized eukaryotic algae has not been fully appreciated until recently, as they are difficult to isolate in culture and many become distorted or disintegrate in preservatives5,6. Yet these eukaryotes, in the size range of Synechococcus, to perhaps 10 µm (refs 7–10), often numerically dominate ultraphytoplankton (<10µm) at deep chlorophyll maxima5,6,11–13. Because temporal variability in oceanic productivity seems to be caused by changes at the bottom of the euphotic layer14, the composition and activity of communities at chlorophyll maxima are of interest. Here we present evidence that eukaryotic ultraplankters have greater photosynthetic and growth efficiencies than Synechococcus in the dim blue–violet light occurring at the bottom of the euphotic zone. Our experiments at least partially explain the large numbers of eukaryotic ultraplankters in the open ocean at the 0.5% light level, below the population peak of Synechococcus spp.
An empirical study of a highly available file system

In this paper we present results from a six-month empirical study of the high availability aspects of the Coda File System. We report on the service failures experienced by Coda clients, and show that such failures are masked successfully. We also explore the effectiveness and resource costs of key aspects of server replication and disconnected operation, the two high availability mechanisms of Coda. Wherever possible, we compare our measurements to simulation-based predictions from earlier papers and to anecdotal evidence from users. Finally, we explore how users take advantage of the support provided by Coda for mobile computing.
Midcarpal Instability: Is Capitolunate Instability Pattern a Clinical Condition?

Five cases are presented with clinical findings of capito-lunate instability pattern of the wrist. All painful areas and tender points were dorsal, but variable in location and intensity. All plain radiographs and fluoroscopic instability series were normal. None of the cases had an explanation for the dorsal wrist pain other than a positive dorsal capitate-displacement test. Four out of five cases were treated in a cast for 4 weeks and two had subsequent splint immobilization. Although at short-term follow-up two of these five patients became pain-free, none was completely pain-free at long-term follow-up. Three patients treated with a cast had long-term follow-up. Only one could perform his original work. These findings support a clinical condition of midcarpal instability producing dorsal wrist pain reproduced with a simple stress test. Conservative, non-operative treatment will not usually produce long-term pain relief.
XRCC3 ATPase Activity Is Required for Normal XRCC3-Rad51C Complex Dynamics and Homologous Recombination

Homologous recombinational repair preserves chromosomal integrity by removing double-strand breaks, cross-links, and other DNA damage. In eukaryotic cells, the Rad51 paralogs (XRCC2/3, Rad51B/C/D) are involved in this process, although their exact functions are largely undetermined. All five paralogs contain ATPase motifs, and XRCC3 exists in a single complex with Rad51C. To examine the function of this Rad51C-XRCC3 complex, we generated mammalian expression vectors that produce human wild-type XRCC3 or mutant XRCC3 with either a nonconservative mutation (K113A) or a conservative mutation (K113R) in the GKT Walker A box of the ATPase motif. The three vectors were independently transfected into Xrcc3-deficient irs1SF Chinese hamster ovary cells. Wild-type XRCC3 complemented irs1SF cells, albeit to varying degrees, whereas ATPase mutants had no complementing activity, even when the mutant protein was expressed at comparable levels to that in wild-type-complemented clones. Because of dysfunction of the mutants, we propose that ATP binding and hydrolyzing activities of XRCC3 are essential. We tested in vitro complex formation by wild-type and mutant XRCC3 with His6-tagged Rad51C upon co-expression in bacteria, nickel-affinity purification, and Western blotting. Wild-type and K113A mutant XRCC3 formed stable complexes with Rad51C and co-purified with Rad51C, whereas the K113R mutant did not and was predominantly insoluble. The addition of 5 mm ATP but not ADP also abolished complex formation by the wild-type proteins. These results suggest that XRCC3 probably regulates the dissociation and formation of Rad51C-XRCC3 complex through ATP binding and hydrolysis with both processes being essential for the ability of the complex to participate in homologous recombinational repair.
Magnesium behavior and structural defects in Mg+ ion implanted silicon carbide

As a candidate material for fusion reactor applications, silicon carbide (SiC) undergoes transmutation reactions under high-energy neutron irradiation with magnesium as the major metallic transmutant; the others include aluminum, beryllium and phosphorus in addition to helium and hydrogen gaseous species. The impact of these transmutants on SiC structural stability is currently unknown. This study uses ion implantation to introduce Mg into SiC. Multiaxial ion-channeling analysis of the as-produced damage state suggests that there are preferred Si interstitial splits. The microstructure of the annealed sample was examined using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results show a high concentration of likely non-faulted tetrahedral voids and possible stacking fault tetrahedra near the damage peak. In addition to lattice distortion, dislocations and intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults are also observed. Magnesium in 3C-SiC prefers to substitute for Si and it forms precipitates of cubic Mg2Si and tetragonal MgC2. The diffusion coefficient of Mg in 3C-SiC single crystal at 1573 K has been determined to be 3.8±0.4×10e-19 m2/sec.
Alternate Assessments Based on Alternate Achievement Standards: Principals' Perceptions.

To improve teaching and assessment for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities and to truly ensure that state accountability systems address the performance of these students, a better understanding of the instructional effects of accountability systems as perceived by school leaders (i.e., principals) is critically important. This study was designed to examine two exploratory research questions related to principals' perceptions of the alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS) in two states; specifically, (a) What were principals' overall perceptions of the influence of the AA-AAS on teachers' daily instruction; and (b) Were there meaningful differences in perceptions between principals from State 1 and State 2? Findings across the two states were similar and, overall, the principals' perceptions of the AA-AAS in their respective states were positive. Future research considerations and implications for practitioners are discussed.
A Reasonable Reply to Hume's Scepticism

According to Hume, no knowledge attainable by human beings would ever justify rational belief in recurrent physical properties and causal effects. He arrived at this conclusion because he denied the possibility of knowing-but not the reality ofeither the 'inner natures' or the 'secret powers' of objects which would enable one to intuit or to demonstrate a 'necessary connection' between the internal structures of objects and their observable properties, or between the causal powers of entities and their effects. The purpose of this article is to show that while Hume's scepticism was justifiable in his day given the generally accepted limitations then of scientific inquiry and explanations, it no longer is reasonable in light of later scientific discoveries and theories. To a degree to which no eighteenth-century philosopher or scientist could anticipate, experimental inquiry has disclosed the inherent natures of objects and the underlying causes of phenomena that attest to the interconnectedness of physical reality and thus justify, at least to some extent, our instinctive beliefs in the uniformity of nature and predictability of events.
Posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 75 autopsy eyes Part III: Correlation of positioning holes and optic edges with the pupillary aperture and visual axis

Abstract The possibility that undesirable visual complications such as glare, halo, monocular diplopia, or other visual aberrations can result from the presence of posterior chamber lens optic edges or such lens elements as positioning holes or loop-optic junctions within the pupillary aperture has received little attention. There is recent clinical evidence that these phenomena may be clinically significant. In a series of 75 autopsy eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lenses, we have observed that in 71% of cases an optic edge, or element of the optic such as a positioning hole, was situated either within; the pupillary aperture and visual axis (average pupillary diameter 3.45 mm) or within 0.5 mm of the pupillary margin. This finding was most common (92%) in cases with asymmetric placement, less common (50%) in cases with symmetric placement. Many more young patients are now undergoing implantation surgery. These patients generally have wider, more mobile pupils, and they may be more aware of subjective symptoms, particularly at night. Subtle changes in implantation techniques and in lens design and manufacture can minimize complications related to this condition. These changes include symmetric loop placement (both loops in the capsular sac or both in the ciliary sulcus) to decrease optic decentration. Other measures such as making partial-depth positioning holes, increasing the size of the optic, eliminating or reducing the number of positioning holes, and placing positioning holes in tabs on the optic edges may function to increase the effective optical zone.
Patellar tendon rupture with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

Abstract Background: There have been few case reports of patellar tendon rupture in patients with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectives: We present a unique case to discuss the importance of recognizing patellar tendon rupture in the emergency department (ED). Case Report: An 18-year-old man with SLE presented to the ED with pain, swelling, and inability to extend his left knee after a fall. Physical examination demonstrated a palpable defect over the patellar tendon, and plain radiographs showed patella alta. Patellar tendon rupture was diagnosed, and the patient underwent open surgical repair. Conclusion: In low-energy patellar tendon rupture, the effects of the pathophysiology and the treatment for SLE, which includes systemic corticosteroids, are currently unclear. However, it is important to establish prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment in the ED to maximize recovery and minimize long-term disability.
The Outcomes of Vocational Interventions Thirty (Some) Years Later

The purposes of this article are to (a) summarize the status of career intervention research since Spokane and Oliver’s seminal meta-analysis of vocational intervention outcome and (b) discuss in m...
An infrared thermographic study of surface temperature in the euthermic woodchuck (Marmota monax).

Abstract Surface temperatures were measured in euthermic woodchucks (Marmota monax) using infrared thermography across a range of ambient temperatures from −10°C to 32°C. The woodchuck keeps surface temperature of the peripalpebral region uniformly high, while head and body surfaces change proportionally with ambient temperature. When ambient temperature was below 0°C, all surface temperatures increased which prevents freezing. At no point did the animals appear to be unable to regulate heat exchange. This species appears to be especially well adapted to the higher temperatures it encounters in its range. Vasomotion in the feet and to a lesser extent in the pinnae was used to regulate heat loss. At ambient temperature of 32°C, mean temperatures of nose surfaces were 0.2°C and 0.3°C less than ambient temperature suggesting a type of counter current cooling mechanism may be present.
Exploring Martian polar atmospheric circulation and surface interactions

The northern and southern seasonal polar caps of Mars are formed in the polar night, during their respective autumn and winter seasons, by the condensation of atmospheric CO2 directly to the solid phase as ice, snow, and possibly frost. During spring and summer, the seasonal ice sublimes, returning CO2 to the atmosphere. The caps advance and recede in response to seasonal variations in solar insolation, extending as far as 40° from the poles, and have been noted by telescopic observers since the 17th century Roughly 25% of the atmosphere, which is 95% CO2 by volume, is cycled into and out of the seasonal caps. The CO2 cycle dominates atmospheric circulation on Mars, and must be thoroughly understood in order to answer fundamental questions about climate history and the global distribution of near-surface water.
Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents on off-service rotations; radiologic imaging 2: contrast and imaging techniques.

Interpretation of radiologic images is an essential skill for the emergency physician. This is the second of two sets of objectives for an off-service rotation in radiology. The first covered the interpretation of plain films. This series addresses commonly used imaging modalities such as contrast media, ultrasound, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging. This set of objectives may be used to guide a one-month radiology rotation or to serve as part of a teaching program integrated with didactic training and emergency department experience.
Effects of performance evaluation and anxiety on cardiac response in anticipation of difficult problem solving.

The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether an analysis of phasic cardiac response would contribute to the descriptive differentiation of anxious and non-anxious subjects. Groups of high and low trait-anxious male undergraduate subjects (n=12/group, N=48) performed a problem-solving task under either evaluation-stress or non-stress conditions. Word anagrams were briefly presented (500 msec) following a constant 8 sec anticipation period. No differences in performance between groups were observed. Average heart rate during the anticipation period failed to discriminate groups. However, an analysis of sec-by-sec changes in cardiac rate revealed that waveform components were sensitive to both anxiety and failure within the evaluation-stress condition only. Initial acceleration covaried with performance across anxiety groups, apparently reflecting differences in confidence or motivation. The occurrence of late foreperiod deceleration across cells appeared to reflect attentional readiness for problem onset. However, the greater slowing by low-anxiety subjects under stress suggested differences between groups in adaptive cardiac and attentional control.
Turbulent Flow and Sand Transport over a Cobble Bed in a Laboratory Flume

AbstractImproving the prediction of sand transport downstream of dams requires characterization of the interaction between turbulent flow and near-surface interstitial sands. The advanced age and impending decommissioning of many dams have brought increased attention to the fate of sediments stored in reservoirs. Sands can be reintroduced to coarse substrates that have available pore space resulting from periods of sediment-starved flow. The roughness and porosity of the coarse substrate are both affected by sand elevation relative to the coarse substrate; therefore, the turbulence characteristics and sediment transport over and through these beds are significantly altered after sediment is reintroduced. Past work by the writers on flow over sand-filled gravel beds revealed that the fine-sediment level controls the volume of material available for transport and the area of sediment exposed to the flow. The present work expands on the gravel-bed experiments by conducting similar measurements of turbulent f...
Radio in the American School System

T EN years ago the progressive school teacher gave a basket social and spelling bee to "raise money" to put a victrola into the schoolroom to be used for opening exercises, and the rudiments of music appreciation. Five years ago the up-to-date teacher gave a play, the proceeds from which supplied the school with a stereopticon lantern for visual instruction. This year, the modern rural school is installing a radio receiving set for use in a score of different ways, not only to supplement the work in the schoolroom, but to draw the community to the school as a center of interest.
Incorporating carbon capture and storage technologies in integrated assessment models

Low-carbon emitting technologies are a key component of technical change in integrated assessment models. We develop a methodology for incorporating technologies into computable general equilibrium economic models and demonstrate this methodology by implementing carbon capture and storage technologies in the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. Three primary implementation issues are discussed: characterization of the technical system, translation of bottom–up engineering information into an economic model, and the depiction of realistic technology adoption rates. The specification of input substitution, relative costs, and plant dispatch are the most critical factors in technology representation. Technology adoption rates in economic models are governed by exogenous and endogenous constraints. A comparison of the current approaches used in economic models with the theoretical and empirical factors affecting adoption rates highlights opportunities for refining the current methods.
Flavor-twisted boundary condition for simulations of quantum many-body systems

We present an approximative simulation method for quantum many-body systems based on coarse graining the space of the momentum transferred between interacting particles, which leads to effective Hamiltonians of reduced size with the flavor-twisted boundary condition. A rapid, accurate, and fast convergent computation of the ground-state energy is demonstrated on the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ quantum antiferromagnet of any dimension by employing only two sites. The method is expected to be useful for future simulations and quick estimates on other strongly correlated systems.
An exploratory study of vocational organizational communication socialization

This study was concerned with determining if people develop perceptions of the communication behaviors of organizational/occupational roles during the process of vocational socialization. Specifically, this research attempted to discover (as reported by a cross‐sectional sample of 311 teachers) what occupations students talk and read about in school, the types of “communicator styles” students attribute in class discussions and assigned readings to persons fulfilling these roles, and whether these attributions vary as students progress from elementary school to high school. In general, the findings of the investigation are supportive of the notion that class discussions and assigned readings in school may be an important source of communication‐related vocational information for individuals during their childhood and adolescent years.
The subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects of subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers

A prospective, crossover, double-blind trial was conducted in nine healthy volunteers in which the subjective, psychomotor and memory effects of isoflurane (0.0, 0.3 and 0.6%) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (0, 20 and 40%) were examined. Dependent measures included visual analog scales and a standardized drug effects inventory (subjective effects), reaction time and eye-hand coordination (e.g., psychomotor performance), and immediate and delayed free recall (memory). There were some similarities in subjective effects between the two inhaled drugs (e.g., increased ratings of “drunk” and “spaced out”), but isoflurane had effects which N2O did not have. Isoflurane but not N2O increased visual analog scale ratings of “confused,” “sedated,” and “carefree,” and decreased ratings of “in control of thoughts” and “in control of body.” An odor was detected with isoflurane and it was disliked. Psychomotor performance was more grossly impaired during isoflurane inhalation than during N2O inhalation. Psychomotor recovery from both agents was rapid and complete so that 5 min after the inhalation period had ceased, performance had returned to baseline levels. Both isoflurane and nitrous oxide impaired immediate and delayed free recall. The feasibility of using isoflurane in conscious sedation procedures is discussed.
Inhibition of temporomandibular joint input to medullary dorsal horn neurons by 5HT3 receptor antagonist in female rats

Repeated forced swim (FS) conditioning enhances nociceptive responses to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stimulation in female rats. The basis for FS-induced TMJ hyperalgesia remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that serotonin 3 receptor (5HT3R) mechanisms contribute to enhanced TMJ nociception after FS, ovariectomized female rats were treated with estradiol and subjected to FS for three days. On day 4, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and TMJ-responsive neurons were recorded from superficial and deep laminae at the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical (Vc/C1-2) region and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the masseter muscle. Only Vc/C1-2 neurons activated by intra-TMJ injections of ATP were included for further analysis. Although neurons in both superficial and deep laminae were activated by ATP, only neurons in deep laminae displayed enhanced responses after FS. Local application of the 5HT3R antagonist, ondansetron (OND), at the Vc/C1-2 region reduced the ATP-evoked responses of neurons in superficial and deep laminae and reduced the EMG response in both sham and FS rats. OND also decreased the spontaneous firing rate of neurons in deep laminae and reduced the high-threshold convergent cutaneous receptive field area of neurons in superficial and deep laminae in both sham and FS rats. These results revealed that central application of a 5HT3R antagonist, had widespread effects on the properties of TMJ-responsive neurons at the Vc/C1-2 region and on jaw muscle reflexes under sham and FS conditions. It is concluded that 5HT3R does not play a unique role in mediating stress-induced hyperalgesia related to TMJ nociception.
Locating straight-line edge segments on outdoor scenes

본 연구는 아트 인퓨전 효과에서 아트를 순수예술과 팝아트로 구분하여 그 효과를 검증하 고 아트 유형과 브랜드콘셉트 유형의 상호작용효과를 알아보았다. 연구결과, 아트 유형에 따른 아트 인퓨전 효과 차이가 존재하는 것으로 검증되었다. 즉, 팝아트 작품보다는 순수 예술작품을 차용하는 것이 높은 제품태도와 구매의도를 유발한다. 또한 고급스러움에 대 한 인지를 통제했을 때, 제품태도에 있어서 아트 유형과 브랜드콘셉트 유형의 상호작용작 용 효과가 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 순수예술 작품은 명성지향 브랜드의 제품이 차용 했을 때 더욱 긍정적인 제품태도가 나타내며, 팝아트 작품은 기능지향 브랜드의 제품이 차용하는 것이 더 효과적이다. 한편, 아트 유형과 브랜드콘셉트 유형의 상호작용효과는 구매의도에는 유의한 영향력을 보이지 않았다.
The evolution of stiction repair for microelectromechanical system cantilevers using periodic excitation

In some recent experiments, it has been shown that structural vibrations are an efficient means to repair (i.e., unstick) stiction failed microcantilever beams. The analysis that accompanied these experiments identified excitation parameters (amplitude and frequency) that successfully initiated the debonding process between the microcantilever and the substrate. That analysis relied on coupling a static fracture model to a vibration model. However, that analysis could not describe what happened after the debonding process was initiated. For example, the repair could be partial, where the debonding begins but then arrests—or it could be total, where the beam is returned to its free-standing shape. The present paper examines the post-initiation behavior of stiction failed microcantilevers. A new, coupled fracture/vibration model is formulated and used to track the evolution of the repair, in order to determine the extent of the repair under various conditions. Moreover, this model successfully predicts some unusual (but explainable) behavior seen in the previous experiments, regarding partial and complete vibration repair.
The thermodynamics of Palladium-Rhodium-Hydrogen solid solutions

Abstract The equilibrium between H 2 -gas at a constant pressure and solid solutions of hydrogen at infinite H-dilution in Pd-based substitutional solutions containing rhodium in the concentration range 0–20 at.% Rh has been studied as a function of temperature in the range 470–1125 K. The dependence of the partial molar enthalpy and excess entropy of the dissolved H-atoms upon temperature and rhodium concentration extracted from the solubility data shows that the H-Rh interaction is repulsive in comparison to that between hydrogen and palladium and that the thermodynamic behavior of the ternary system can be understood in terms of the interstitial cell model.
Electricity market dynamics: Oligopolistic competition

Presently, electricity markets are characterized by a small number of suppliers with distributed resources. These market suppliers can easily be identified because their geographic location is known. Essentially, two or three of them compete for leading the market whereas the rest of them follow. Hence, it is necessary to study the market structure as ologopolistic competition rather than perfect competition. This paper studies market producer decisions in a dynamic sequential framework by using discrete event system simulation (DESS) also known as discrete control theory. Two-player ologopolistic market structure is presented in this paper.
Acute polytrauma patients in the emergency room: analysis of the spectrum and time needed for diagnostic radiological work-up

With a prospective assessment of 140 emergency-room patients, we registered the conventional radiological examinations (CR), ultrasound (US) and computer tomographies (CT), including the duration of the examinations, transportation and diagnostic free time. Results: CR: 98.6 % (average 8.5 radiographs per patient), US 78.6 %, CT 67.8 %. Duration: CR average 20.3 min (range 1–80 min), US average 6.5 min (range 2–15 min), CT average 16.9 min (range 12–135 min). The entire time spent in the primary diagnostic work-up, including CT: average 79.4 min (only CR and US average 49.1 min). Diagnostic free time, including CT: average 31.9 min, without CT average 19.2 min. Time for transportation and repositioning: average 14.5 min. When a CT is indicated, the radiological diagnostic work-up will increase as a result of waiting and transportation. The patient also suffers because of more repositioning procedures.
Breathwork in body psychotherapy: Towards a more unified theory and practice

The use of conscious breathing practices for the purpose of physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual healing has a long and extremely varied history, yet little work has been done to see if these practices can be brought into a coherent and unified form that contributes to the field of body psychotherapy. This article attempts to meta-analyse the literature and research on breathwork in psychotherapy, with an emphasis on body psychotherapy, and to find common themes so that a general theory of breathwork and guidelines for practice might be developed. This paper provides an overview of the physiology of breathing, a review of the literature on breathwork.
Survey of computer programs for diabetes management and education.

A number of computer software programs have been developed to facilitate diabetes management and education for health profes sionals and people with diabetes. Some programs calculate insulin dosages and dietary require ments ; others function as electronic logbooks, expediting the storage, evaluation, and inter pretation of diabetes management data. Education programs are available to teach health profes sionals and people with diabetes how to perform a variety of tasks, including insulin administration and blood and urine glucose testing. Simulations of clinical situations enable nurses to sharpen their diabetes management skills; other programs use gamelike formats to educate young people and adults who have diabetes about the disease. This brief survey describes some computer software programs identified by the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Information regarding computer compatib...
Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration--the foster child of DPL: a prospective observational study.

Abstract Background The abdomen is routinely considered as a possible source of bleeding in hypotensive and unevaluable blunt multitrauma patients. These patients are often unstable to be transported for abdominal computed tomography (CT). Emerging data on Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) exam questions its initially reported high accuracy. We hypothesized that Diagnostic Peritoneal Aspiration (DPA), without a full lavage, accurately detects intraperitoneal blood if present in sufficient volume to cause hypotension and warrant emergent operation. Methods Over 24months (July 2002–June 2004), 62 severe blunt trauma patients (Injury Severity Score: 32±17) with admission systolic blood pressure equal to or less than 90mmHg were enrolled prospectively. Percutaneous DPA was performed after FAST. Aspiration of any quantity of blood was considered a positive test. Sensitivity and specificity of DPA and FAST were calculated against findings from abdominal CT, laparotomy, or autopsy. Results Twenty-two patients (35%) required emergent laparotomy and 39 (63%) died. DPA was performed in less than 1min with no complications. Sensitivity and specificity of DPA was 89% and 100%, respectively, whereas for FAST it was 50% and 95%. Two (3%) false negative DPA were recorded; one patient had a minor liver laceration with 250ml of free blood and the other a leaking retroperitoneal pelvic hematoma in the presence of cirrhosis with 600ml of bloody ascitic fluid. There were no false positive DPA. Nine (14.5%) false negative and two (3%) false positive FAST were recorded in patients who were found to have at laparotomy 1575±1070ml of hemoperitoneum on average. Conclusions Percutaneous DPA is accurate, rapid, safe, and superior to FAST for the diagnosis of abdominal blood as the source of hemodynamic instability, requiring emergent surgery, in blunt multitrauma patients.
Planktonic Foraminiferal Test Porosity as Paleotemperature Indicator: ABSTRACT

Five species of Holocene planktonic Foraminiferida (Globigerinella siphonifera, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globorotalia menardii, Globorotalia tumida, and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) from cores in the Indian Ocean were selected for study of intraspecific latitudinal variations in test porosity and pore density. Each species exhibits a change in test porosity with latitude, with greater test porosities characteristic of the location nearer the equator. Pore density results are inconclusive. It was assumed originally that test porosity might be dependent on pore density, but indications are that porosity is controlled by pore diameter and is essentially independent of pore density. We suggest that test porosity may be a buoyancy adaptation of planktonic Foraminiferida, wit greater test porosities characteristic of less dense surface water. The density of the surface water in turn is related directly to surface water temperature; test porosity, therefore, might prove to be a useful tool in paleotemperature determinations, a tool which would not require knowledge of the distribution of extant species. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1392------------
90 Initial characterization of the terminal domains of linear plasmid‐like dna's from ernodesmis verticillata (chlorophyta)

Terminal regions of linear plasmid-like DNAs from the chloroplasts of Ernodesmis verticillata (Kutzing) Boergesen were characterized. The 2.2-kb molecules are believed to consist of a single strand of DNA folded back on itself in a hairpin configuration. The 5′ end of isolated molecules is capable of being phosphorylated with polynucleotide kinase, and the 3′ end can be homopolymeric tailed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Thus, both ends are accessible for further manipulation. Exonuclease III and lambda exonuclease digest native molecules only after heat denaturation and certain cooling regimes, suggesting that conformational changes brought about by de- and renaturation make the 3′and 5′ ends (respectively) vulnerable to exonuclease activity. The cloning strategy involved poly-G tailing of native molecules, and hybridizing them to a poly-C-tailed vector. Two rounds of cloning the 3′ ends yielded a total of 14 clones. Molecular sequencing revealed that two distinct clones have extensive terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). Short TIRs are also evident in most clones, possibly indicating that molecular foldbacks protect the 3′ ends. Multiple tandem and direct repeats are also prevalent near the 3′ termini. Despite overall sequence heterogeneity among most clones, a consensus sequence found at the 5′ end of these clones probably has structural and/or functional significance. Pairwise sequence comparisons and the presence of extensive repeats suggest that these molecules may be highly recombinant.