cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A rapidly inactivating Ca2(+)-dependent K+ current in pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) of the rat.

The membrane electrical properties of undifferentiated pheochromocytoma cells of the rat (PC12) were studied using both current-and voltage-clamp techniques with the use of low-resistance blunt-tipped micropipettes (patch electrodes). In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 2–3 μM), a spike-like wave form with a prominent after-hyperpolarization (AHP) was recorded following brief (< 10 ms) depolarizing current pulses. The inorganic divalent cations, Cd2+ (0.5 mM), Mn2+ (4mM), and 0 mM Ca2+/4 mM Mg2+ solution prolonged the duration, attenuated the AHP, slowed the rate of repolarization, and slightly enhanced the amplitude of this wave form. A rapidly inactivating outward current was recorded in over 70% of the cells under voltage-clamp conditions. This transient current was elicited at about ±30 mV, and was blocked by tetraethylammonium (5 mM), inorganic divalent cations (Cd2+, 0.5 mM; Mn2+, 4 mM; Ba2+, 3 mM), and removal of Ca2+ (0 mM Ca2+/4 mM Mg2+) from the local perfusion medium. In addition, 4-aminopyridine (5 mM), which blocks the transient outward K+ current IA in a variety of excitable cells, did not have any appreciable effect on this rapidly inactivating current. Moreover, it was possible to elicit the current at a holding potential of ±40 mV. The reversal potential of this current was ±90 mV, and shifted positively when extracellular K+ concentrations were elevated. It is concluded that PC12 cells have a rapidly inactivating Ca2+ -dependent K+ current. A possible explanation for the transient nature of this current may be the presence of an effective intracellular Ca2+ buffering (uptake or extrusion) system.
The role of pipe ageing in copper corrosion by-product release

The presence of sulphate, bicarbonate and orthophosphate can change the type of solid present in systems containing cupric ion or cupric hydroxide solids. In some cases, a short-term reduction in copper solubility is realized, but over longer periods of time formation of basic cupric sulphate (brochantite) and even cupric phosphate can ultimately prevent the formation of very insoluble tenorite or malachite phases. To the extent that this occurs, the presence of sulphate and phosphate in water can increase copper solubility over much longer time periods. The relative effect can depend on the anion concentration and the rate of solids precipitation. Low levels of sulphate tend to hasten the transition from cupric hydroxide to tenorite, whereas higher levels of sulphate can interfere with that transition. These possible effects should be considered when attempting to reduce copper corrosion by-product release from consumer plumbing and similar transitions are likely important for other plumbing materials such as zinc, iron and lead.
Human T-lymphotropic Virus Co-infections in Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Introduction Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 or 2 (HTLV-1/2) co-infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to increased morbidity. Because HTLV-1/2 shares a similar transmission route with HIV, HTLV-1/2 infection may be more prevalent in HIV-infected individuals. However, rates of HTLV-1/2 co-infection among HIV-infected individuals have not been studied recently in the United States. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using serum from 292 HIV-infected subjects from one clinic in Virginia. Serum samples were tested for co-infection with HTLV-1/2 by commercial ELISA; positive results were then confirmed via western blot, which also differentiated between HTLV-1 and -2. Results Seven (2.4%) of the subjects were co-infected with HTLV-2. One subject (among the seven co-infected with HTLV-2) was co-infected with HTLV-1 (0.3%). The only demographic factor significantly associated with HTLV-2 infection was history of intravenous drug abuse (p=0.002). Conclusions While our results are limited to a single city, our low rates of co-infection do not support routine screening for HTLV-1/2 co-infection among HIV-infected individuals in the United States.
Basic fibroblast growth factor counteracts the suppressive effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on human myeloid progenitor cells

We have previously shown that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is mitogenic for human bone marrow stromal cells and enhances myelopoiesis in human long-term bone marrow culture. In the present study, we examined the mechanism by which bFGF enhances granulopoiesis. We observed that bFGF significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-supported progenitor cell growth (P = .009). The partial reversal of TGF-beta 1-mediated suppression was dependent on the dose of bFGF used. In addition, we noted that the inclusion of neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta 1 significantly augmented the clonogenic response to GM-CSF. We have also shown that 10 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL of bFGF resulted in a 30% to 100% increase in GM-CSF-mediated progenitor cell growth (P = .0001). These data suggest that bFGF may enhance myelopoiesis by modulating the inhibitory response to TGF-beta 1.
Return to play following anterior shoulder dislocation and stabilization surgery

Anterior shoulder instability in athletes may lead to time lost from participation and decreases in level of play. Contact, collision, and overhead athletes are at a higher risk than others. Athletes may successfully be returned to play but operative stabilization should be considered for long-term treatment of recurrent instability. Open and arthroscopic stabilization procedures for athletes with less than 20% to 25% bone loss improve return to play rates and decrease recurrent instability, with a slightly lower recurrence with open stabilization. For athletes with greater than 20% to 25% bone loss, an open osseous augmentation procedure should be considered.
Prediction-Guided Performance-Energy Trade-off with Continuous Run-Time Adaptation

Recent work has demonstrated that prediction-guided DVFS control can significantly improve the energy efficiency of interactive applications with little to no impact on user experience when running in isolation. In this work, we propose to add an on-line learning capability to the execution-time predictor, which enables the predictor to automatically adapt to changes in the environment such as interference from other applications and be easily applied across diverse platforms. This paper introduces several techniques to address the overhead of performing on-line learning, including incremental training based on QR decomposition and explicit change detection for fast adaptation. In addition to the DVFS control, we show that the proposed prediction model can be used to intelligently select a core in a heterogeneous system. Experimental results on the ARM big.LITTLE platform show that our DVFS controller and core scheduler can effectively remove deadline misses even under significant interference from competing processes while consuming far lower energy compared to traditional schemes.
Treatment of Adult Depression in the United States

Importance Despite recent increased use of antidepressants in the United States, concerns persist that many adults with depression do not receive treatment, whereas others receive treatments that do not match their level of illness severity. Objective To characterize the treatment of adult depression in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of screen-positive depression, psychological distress, and depression treatment data from 46 417 responses to the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys taken in US households by participants aged 18 years or older in 2012 and 2013. Main Outcome and Measures Percentages of adults with screen-positive depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score of ≥ 3) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on odds of screen-positive depression; percentages with treatment for screen-positive depression and AORs; percentages with any treatment of depression and AORs stratified by presence of serious psychological distress (Kessler 6 scale score of ≥13); and percentages with depression treatment by health care professional group (psychiatrists, other health care professionals, and general medical providers); and type of depression treatment (antidepressants, psychotherapy, and both) all stratified by distress level. Results Approximately 8.4% (95% CI, 7.9-8.8) of adults screened positive for depression, of which 28.7% received any depression treatment. Conversely, among all adults treated for depression, 29.9% had screen-positive depression and 21.8% had serious psychological distress. Adults with serious compared with less serious psychological distress who were treated for depression were more likely to receive care from psychiatrists (33.4% vs 17.3%, P P P P P Conclusions and Relevance Most US adults who screen positive for depression did not receive treatment for depression, whereas most who were treated did not screen positive. In light of these findings, it is important to strengthen efforts to align depression care with each patient’s clinical needs.
Leveraging the community context of Family Math and Science Nights to develop culturally responsive teaching practices

Abstract This paper examines how elementary teacher candidates experience Family Math and Science Nights with culturally and linguistically diverse children and families. Weekly reflections were analyzed using Gay’s (2002, 2013) Culturally Responsive Teaching framework to highlight the process of enacting and thinking in key areas: (1) Changing attitudes and beliefs, (2) Leveraging culture and difference, (3) Grappling with resistance, and (4) Improving pedagogical connections. An action-oriented focus underscores that teacher candidates need multiple rounds of practice to disrupt traditional notions of teaching and move towards cultural responsiveness. Findings suggest the importance of repeated practice, context, and focused guided reflection.
On lossy memristive behavior of metal conductors

The memristive behavior of metal conductors is considered and the question as to whether or not it can be observed in a common copper wire is answered. Mathematical modeling techniques and simulation results are presented to confirm our hypothesis that at excitation frequencies related to the thermal time constant of the wire, pinched hysteresis curves can be observed and a metal conductor is therefore a memristor.
The fifth response function and spin-orbit final-state interaction in the framework of Glauber theory for ( e, e′ p) reactions

The author discuss the effects of the spin-orbit final state interaction on the fifth response function. Currently, there are many (e,e{prime}p) experiments at GeV energies being performed or planned at Jefferson Lab. The major theoretical problem in the description of these reactions is the fact that at transferred energies of 1 GeV or more, a consistent calculation for the initial bound state and the--in general rather complicated--hadronic final state from a microscopic Lagrangian is not feasible. For the ground state and low energy transfers, few-body nuclei can be described by meson-exchange based nucleon-nucleon interactions, but for energies much larger than the threshold for pion emission, this is not feasible anymore. At GeV energies, it is questionable if the physical picture of nucleons interacting by meson exchange is still valid.
Risking thromboembolism: podoplanin and glioma.

In this issue of Blood , [Riedl et al][1] evaluate the link between tumor podoplanin expression and the prothrombotic state inherent to glioma and find that podoplanin expression is associated with altered markers of coagulation activation and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.[1][2] ![
Bilayered vanadium oxides by chemical pre-intercalation of alkali and alkali-earth ions as battery electrodes

Abstract We report the use of the chemical pre-intercalation synthesis technique to insert alkali (Li + , Na + , K + ) and, for the first time, alkali-earth (Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ) ions into the structure of vanadium oxide leading to the formation of the bilayered δ-M x V 2 O 5 (M = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca) phase with expanded interlayer spacing, enabling a large number of insertion sites for and faster diffusion of charge-carrying ions. By altering the nature of the chemically preintercalated ion, interlayer spacing of the synthesized δ-M x V 2 O 5 materials was varied between 9.62 and 13.40 A. We for the first time show that the interlayer spacing increases with the increase of the hydrated ion radius. The ion (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) stabilization effect was investigated in Li-ion cells, with Li-preintercalated phase, δ-Li x V 2 O 5 , serving as a reference material. Our analyses indicate that cyclability and rate performance of the δ-M x V 2 O 5 improves with increasing interlayer spacing. The highest initial capacity (198 mAh g −1 ), greatest capacity retention (81.8% after 50 cycles at 20 mA g −1 ), and highest capacity retention at higher current rates (74.5% when current rate was changed from C/15 to 1 C) were exhibited by Mg-stabilized δ-V 2 O 5 with the largest interlayer spacing (13.40 A). This research demonstrates the efficacy of a facile chemical pre-intercalation strategy to synthesize ion-stabilized layered electrode materials with improved electrochemical stability. Ion-stabilized layered materials with large interlayer spacing are attractive for applications that involve electrochemically driven movement of ions through two-dimensional diffusion channels, ranging from beyond Li-ion energy storage and electrochromics to actuation and water treatment.
From Data Modeling to Algorithmic Modeling in the Big Data Era: Water Resources Security in the Asia-Pacific Region under Conditions of Climate Change

Advances in computing technologies allow machine learning algorithms to automatically, repeatedly and quickly apply complex mathematical calculations to water resources and environmental security challenges. The concomitant increase in “big data” research, development, and applications is also driving the popularity of real-time automated model building and data mining for these security problems under conditions of climate change. The last decade has seen considerable growth in the theory and application in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is shown that machine learning, a subset of AI, constitutes a data analysis method that focuses on the development of algorithms that can iteratively learn from data to uncover previously “hidden insights” for environmental security managers in the Asia Pacific. It is concluded that deep machine learning (i.e. deep learning) can help to reduce losses to ecosystems, livelihoods, and businesses. In particular, these losses can be more likely prevented and minimized through the use of data and algorithmic modeling that improves community resilience by institutionalizing sustainable hazard mitigation within accepted processes of water resources community planning and economic development before disasters happen. Key environmental threats including foods, population extinction, water quality and climate change are considered. The difference between the algorithmic modeling and data modeling cultures are summarized with reference to the schools in which they originate, the assumptions they work on, the type of data they deal with, and the techniques used.
Diel flight pattern and size‐dependent flight speed of kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius)

Kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), was introduced to North America in 2009 and has since spread across the eastern and south-eastern United States, where it poses an economic threat to leguminous crop production, especially soya bean. However, we still lack an understanding of many basic aspects of their flight-related biology, including descriptions of their pattern of diel flight activity, their dispersal capacity and the determinants of each. Using cross-vane bucket traps and flight mills, we found that kudzu bug exhibits a diel flight activity pattern in the field that is well characterized by temperature and a quadratic relationship with time of day. In general, the number of adults collected in the cross-vane bucket traps rose from 07:30 and declined from 17:30 to 19:30. No kudzu bugs were collected before 07:30 or after 19:30 during any of the replicates. We also demonstrate on flight mills that females fly faster than males, and that this difference is due to differences in their size. These basic biological findings may help to inform management decisions and improve our understanding of the invasion dynamics of M. cribraria.
Creating an integrated protected area network in Chile: a GIS assessment of ecoregion representation and the role of private protected areas.

National protected areas (NPAs) often exhibit biodiversity representation bias, do not adequately protect priority conservation areas (PCAs), and fail to meet conservation goals. Protected area (PA) discourse assumes private PAs (PPAs) are more systematically established than NPAs. The Chilean conservation community has proposed an integrated national–private PA network (IPAN) so PPA benefits can remedy NPA shortcomings. However, there has been no recent assessment of Chilean PPA ecoregion representation or data to support the usefulness of spending valuable resources creating an IPAN. Using the most recent Chilean private and national PA data, this study conducted a terrestrial ecoregion gap analysis under two scenarios. Scenario 1 assessed NPAs and nature sanctuaries. Scenario 2 assessed the IPAN. Both scenarios showed representation bias and failure to adequately protect PCAs or meet conservation goals. The IPAN fell short of expectations because PPAs exhibited bias similar to NPAs. The findings refute PA discourse by upending traditional beliefs regarding PPA effectiveness, and they identify a need to more critically assess the benefits of PPAs and IPANs on a country-by-country basis.
Analysis of suspended stripline step discontinuities

A frequency dependent analysis of suspended stripline step discontinuities using the mode matching technique is presented. Numerical results of scattering parameters are presented in microwave as well as in millimeter-wave frequencies.
Los microcomputadores y sus aplicaciones informáticas

Descripcion de los tipos de computadores existentes en el mercado, asi como de sus usos posibles en el manejo de in formacion cientifica y las aplicaciones de los microcomputadores en las bibliotecas y centros de informacion en las areas de programacion , procesamiento de palabras o de textos, presupuesto, manejo de informacion bibliografica, entrenamiento de usuarios y telecomunicaciones. Presenta dos apendices: un inventario del software disponible y una bibliografia selectiva de la literatura sobre micros para el uso de bibliotecas y centros de informacion.
Career at a Crossroad: Roopa Rao

Akhil Patel is passionate about his business idea: an innovative green technology fuel cell. He wants to dive in and commit to his startup, but Roopa Rao, his fiancee, is much more risk averse, his parents don't approve of the startup, and Akhil has an enticing alternative offer from a prestigious consulting firm. Should Akhil follow his dream and become an entrepreneur? Or should he acquiesce to the other forces in his life and take the "safer" consulting job? This is a companion case to Career at a Crossroad: Akhil Patel, HBS No. 812-010, giving Roopa Rao's point of view.Learning Objective:To acquaint students with the personal, market, and career windows of opportunity, and the tradeoffs for deciding when and if to start a new business.
Postnatal development of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene expression and adiposity in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue.

This investigation addressed the hypothesis that stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene expression would serve as a postnatal marker of adipocyte differentiation in bovine s.c. adipose tissue. Samples of tailhead s.c. adipose tissue were obtained by biopsy from preweaning steer calves 2.5 wk, 5 mo, and 7.5 mo of age and from yearling steers 12 mo of age. Samples also were obtained at slaughter when the steers were 18 mo of age. The steers sampled as yearlings were fed native pasture from weaning until 12 mo of age, and the steers sampled at slaughter were fed a high-concentrate diet from 12 to 18 mo of age. Major peak adipocyte volumes for the 2.5-wk-, 5-mo-, and 7.5-mo-old steers were 14, 270, and 700 pL, respectively (P < .001). The steers did not gain weight during pasture feeding, and at 12 mo of age peak adipocyte volume had decreased (P = .009) to 270 pL. At this time, a second, smaller population of adipocytes had appeared with a peak volume of 115 pL. At slaughter, adjusted fat thickness of the steers was 1.60 +/- .13 cm, the USDA yield grade of the carcasses was 3.51 +/- .31, and peak adipocyte volume had increased (P = .01) to over 2,500 pL. The number of adipocytes per 100 mg of adipose tissue doubled (P = .006) between 2.5 wk and 5 mo of age, concurrent with the nearly 20-fold increase in peak adipocyte volume, indicating that this was a period of apparent adipocyte hyperplasia. Uncoupling protein mRNA was undetectable at all stages of postnatal growth, indicating that differentiating tailhead s.c. adipocytes do not acquire brown adipocyte characteristics postnatally. Lipogenesis expressed on a cellular basis was low in all preweaning samples and increased significantly above preweaning values only in the 18-mo-old steers. Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentration also was low in all preweaning samples, but it peaked (P = .07) at 12 mo of age. Because the peak in SCD mRNA concentration preceded a significant rise in lipogenesis and lipid filling, we conclude that the level SCD gene expression may be indicative of the extent of terminal differentiation in bovine tailhead s.c. adipose tissue.
Development of a Body Mass Index-based Body Fat Equation: Effect of Handgrip Strength.

Body mass index (BMI)-based body fat equations from Womersley (BMIWOMERSLEY), Jackson (BMIJACKSON), Deurenberg (BMIDEURENBERG), and Gallagher (BMIGALLAGHER) are practical in clinical and field settings. However, research has shown these prediction equations produce large error, which may be due to the inability of BMI to account for differences in fat mass and fat-free mass. Thus, accounting for variations in muscular strength via relative handgrip (RHG) strength could help enhance the accuracy of a BMI-based body fat equation. Purpose The purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to develop a new BMI-based body fat equation that includes the measurement of RHG (BMINICKERSON) and 2) to cross-validate BMINICKERSON, BMIWOMERSLEY, BMIJACKSON, BMIDEURENBERG, and BMIGALLAGHER against a four-compartment criterion. Methods The development and cross-validation samples consisted of 230 and 110 participants, respectively. Criterion body fat percent was determined with a four-compartment model. RHG was calculated by summing the max of each handgrip strength measurement and dividing by body mass. BMI (kg·m), RHG (kg·kg), age (yr), ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic White), and sex (male or female) were entered into a stepwise regression to calculate BMINICKERSON. Results BMINICKERSON was calculated as follows: body fat percent = 21.504 - (12.484 × RHG) - (7.998 × sex) + (0.722 × BMI). In the cross-validation sample, BMINICKERSON produced lower constant error (CE) and total error (TE) values (CE = -0.11%, TE = 4.28%) than all other BMI-based body fat equations (CE = 0.89%-1.90%, TE = 5.71%-6.87%). Furthermore, the 95% limits of agreement were lower for BMINICKERSON ± 8.47% than previous BMI-based body fat equations (95% limits of agreement = ±11.14% to 13.33%). Conclusion Current study results confirm that previous BMI-based body fat equations produce large error in Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites but can be improved by accounting for RHG. Allied health professionals are encouraged to use BMINICKERSON in clinical and field settings for adiposity assessments.
Several catechins and flavonols from green tea inhibit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in vitro.

Abstract Introduction Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne hemorrhagic fever caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). The mortality rate of SFTS is pretty high, but no vaccines and antiviral drugs are currently available. Methods The antiviral effects of six green tea-related polyphenols, including four catechins and two flavonols, on SFTSV were evaluated to identify natural antiviral compounds. Results Pretreatment with all polyphenols inhibited SFTSV infection in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) were 1.7–1.9 and 11–39 μM, respectively. The selectivity indices of EGCg and EGC were larger than those of the other polyphenols. Furthermore, pretreatment with EGCg and EGC dose-dependently decreased viral attachment to the host cells. Additionally, the treatment of infected cells with EGCg and EGC inhibited infection more significantly at a lower multiplicity of infection (MOI) than at a higher MOI, and this effect was less effective than that of pretreatment. Pyrogallol, a trihydroxybenzene that is the structural backbone of both EGCg and EGC, also inhibited SFTSV infection, as did gallic acid. Conclusions Our study revealed that green tea-related polyphenols, especially EGCg and EGC, are useful as candidate anti-SFTSV drugs. Furthermore, the structural basis of their antiviral activity was identified, which should enable investigations of more active drugs in the future.
Volumetric Capnography in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Series

The kinetics of carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2) may be used as a surrogate for pulmonary blood flow. As such, we can apply a novel use of volumetric capnography to assess hemodynamic stability in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We report our experience of pediatric patients requiring ECMO support who were monitored using volumetric capnography. We describe the use of VCO2 and its association with successful decannulation. This is a prospective observational study of pediatric patients requiring ECMO support at The Children's Hospital at Montefiore from 2017 to 2019. A Respironics NM3 monitor was applied to each patient. Demographics, hemodynamic data, blood gases, and VCO2 (mL/min) data were collected. Data were collected immediately prior to and after decannulation. Over the course of the study period, seven patients were included. Predecannulation VCO2 was higher among patients who were successfully decannulated than nonsurvivors (109 [35, 230] vs. 12.4 [7.6, 17.2] mL/min), though not statistically significant. Four patients (57%) survived without further mechanical support; two (29%) died, and one (14%) was decannulated to Berlin. Predecannulation VCO2 appears to correlate with hemodynamic stability following decannulation. This case series adds to the growing literature describing the use of volumetric capnography in critical care medicine, particularly pediatric patients requiring ECMO. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the use of volumetric capnography and optimal timing for ECMO decannulation.
The Evolving Role of Novel Biomarkers in Glomerular Disease: A Review.

Recent advances in glomerular biology have expanded our understanding of glomerular diseases, leading to more precise therapeutic options. Since the discovery of the autoantigen phospholipase A2 receptor in primary membranous nephropathy 10 years ago, the serologic evaluation of glomerular diseases has become more detailed and nuanced for nephrologists. In addition to phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies, circulating autoantibodies now include thrombospondin type 1 domain–containing 7A and most recently, neural epidermal growth factor–like 1 protein for membranous nephropathy. Additionally, discoveries in C3 glomerulopathy and fibrillary glomerulonephritis are poised to improve the diagnostic approach to these disorders by using novel biomarkers to complement traditional histologic patterns on kidney biopsy. Although kidney biopsies are considered the gold standard in profiling glomerular diseases, validated novel glomerular biomarkers contribute substantially to the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches through their ability to improve sensitivity, permit dynamic longitudinal monitoring of disease activity, and capture genetic heterogeneity. We describe the value of specific biomarkers in selected glomerular diseases, with the major focus on their clinical applicability.
Is provision of contraception at discharge following delivery associated with postpartum visit attendance

Abstract Objectives We examined whether provision of contraception at discharge following delivery was associated with lower rates of postpartum visit (PPV) attendance. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who received pregnancy care at a Midwestern medical center in 2013. Attendance at the postpartum visit was compared for women with sterilization, contraception initiated prior to discharge (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or etonogestrel implant), hormonal contraception prescription, or no contraception provided at postpartum discharge. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate the relative risk of postpartum visit attendance controlling for age, race, and parity, insurance status, and histories of both depression and drug abuse. Results Of the 1015 women who met inclusion criteria, 55% had been prescribed contraception, had initiated contraception prior to discharge, or were sterilized at the time of discharge following delivery. After adjustment for confounders, there was no association between receiving contraception and PPV attendance (relative risk for prescribed contraception = 1.09 [95% CI 0.85, 1.39], for contraception initiated prior to discharge = 0.83 [95% CI 0.67, 1.03], for sterilization = 0.86 [95% CI 0.63, 1.17] compared to no contraception). Conclusions We found no evidence that prescribing or administering contraception post-delivery was associated with lower rates of return for postpartum follow up. Implications This single site study suggests that providing effective contraception at discharge following delivery does not appear to impact PPV attendance.
No One is Disposable: Going Beyond the Trans Military Inclusion Debate

This article explores the issue of how to advance justice for trans people in relation to the U.S. military, considering a much wider array of potential interventions than the one the media focuses on: formal inclusion. The author works from the premise that no one is disposable, and that those most impacted by this issue ought to be at the center of the analysis. With that grounding, the author explores the interests of various stakeholders: trans people and others whom the U.S. military harms; trans people and others who do not wish to join the military; and trans people and others involved in the U.S. military as aspiring service members, current service members, or veterans. The author concludes with recommendations involving demilitarization, decarceration, reparations, reinvestment, and support for stakeholders, arguing that these approaches would create the greatest benefit for those with the most at risk.
Effect of Representation on a Claimant's Success Rate -- Three Study Designs

Lawyers familiar with the adversary process are likely to assume that a representative will help a claimant win.1 However, that assumption may be incorrect in a nonadversary proceeding involving claims against the government, where a hearing officer sympathetically develops the claimant's case and the government is not represented. In that setting, a representative might help a hearing officer gather and clarify evidence, but the absence of the representative might not dampen the hearing officer's zeal for developing the claimant's case.2 The effect of representation on a claimant's chances of success in nonadversary proceedings is an important issue because it raises questions about the public's responsibility to encourage representation, especially in programs involving the delivery of cash, goods or services to people in economic distress. Other criteria exist for determining the effect of representation besides a claimant's success rate, such as whether representation produces accurate results and whether a claimant's satisfaction with the decision-making process is affected by representation.3 But there are good reasons for focusing on success rates. Given
2021 Update on the Clinical Management and Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease

Provide an updated review of the clinical management and diagnosis of Kawasaki disease with inclusion of potential diagnostic difficulties with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy has been shown to reduce the rate of coronary artery dilation in children at high risk for IVIG resistance in multiple Japanese clinical studies (most notably RAISE study group). Additional adjunctive therapies (etanercept, infliximab, cyclosporin) may also provide limited benefit, but data is limited to single studies and subgroups of patients with cardiac abnormalities. The efficacy of other agents (atorvastatin, doxycycline) is currently being investigated. MIS-C is a clinically distinct entity from KD with broad clinical manifestations and multiorgan involvement (cardiac, GI, hematologic, dermatologic, respiratory, renal). MIS-C with Kawasaki manifestations is more commonly seen in children < 5 years of age. The 2017 American Heart Association (AHA) treatment guidelines have included changes in aspirin dosing (including both 80–100 mg/kg/day and 30–50 mg/kg/day treatment options), consideration of the use of adjuvant corticosteroid therapy in patients at high risk of IVIG resistance, and the change in steroid regimen for refractory KD to include both pulse-dose IVMP and longer course of prednisolone with an oral taper. A significant proportion of children diagnosed with MIS-C, a post-infectious syndrome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, meet criteria for Kawasaki disease. Further investigation is warranted to further delineate these conditions and optimize treatment of these conditions given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Severely Low BMI Percentile is Associated with Higher Mortality Rate in Children Listed for Lung Transplant

Purpose Prior studies suggest that underweight status according to thinness grade did not affect post-transplant survival in pediatric lung transplant (PLT) recipients regardless of cystic fibrosis (CF) or non-CF diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the association of listing body mass index percentiles (BMI%), with survival of patients listed for PLT. Methods The UNOS registry was queried for children listed for PLT (aged 2 to Results Listing BMI% was calculated for 1,877 patients. The proportion of -CF diagnosis was significantly different between BMI% (p Conclusion Children listed for PLT with a severely low BMI% had worse survival outcomes compared to those of normal or low BMI%. Severely low listing BMI% was independently associated with higher mortality risk from the time of listing regardless if they were transplanted or not.
Direct autolink

Direct Autolink is an interconnected system of programs that establish both hardware and software connections between an ARM-based computer and handhold devices designed with ease of modularization. These programs are capable of sending and receiving commands and files over this connection. Similar systems exist using the internet, which presents both speed and safety concerns. The proposed system establishes a direct communication channel without Internet enabled, so that it can release the concerns raised from the Internet-based connection.
The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia: Sufism, Politics and Community

This first comprehensive socio-political BG of the Kizilbash/Alevi communities uses a recently surfaced corpus of sources generated within their milieu. It offers fresh answers to many questions concerning their origins and evolution from a revolutionary movement to an inward-looking religious order.
Moral rights without balancing

How should we think about apparent conflicts of moral rights? I defend a non-balancing and holistic specification model: non-balancing because moral rights have absolute deontic stringency regardless of any balance of independent values; holistic because the content of moral rights is limited only by that of other moral rights. Holistic Specification, as I call the model, offers a principled, non-consequentialist explanation of exceptions to moral rights. Moreover, Holistic Specification explains why moral rights matter to practical thought while rendering remedial duties less mysterious.
Substance use and mental health burden in head and neck and other cancer survivors: A National Health Interview Survey analysis.

Background Tobacco dependence, alcohol abuse, depression, distress, and other adverse patient-level influences are common in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Their interrelatedness and precise burden in comparison with survivors of other cancers are poorly understood. Methods National Health Interview Survey data from 1997 to 2016 were pooled. The prevalence of adverse patient-level influences among HNC survivors and matched survivors of other cancers were compared using descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regressions evaluating covariate associations with the primary study outcomes were performed. These included 1) current cigarette smoking and/or heavy alcohol use (>14 drinks per week) and 2) high mental health burden (severe psychological distress [Kessler Index ≥ 13] and/or frequent depressive/anxiety symptoms). Results In all, 918 HNC survivors and 3672 matched survivors of other cancers were identified. Compared with other cancer survivors, more HNC survivors were current smokers and/or heavy drinkers (24.6% [95% CI, 21.5%-27.7%] vs 18.0% [95% CI, 16.6%-19.4%]) and exhibited a high mental health burden (18.6% [95% CI, 15.7%-21.5%] vs 13.0% [95% CI, 11.7%-14.3%]). In multivariable analyses, 1) a high mental health burden predicted for smoking and/or heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9), and 2) current cigarette smoking predicted for a high mental health burden (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3). Furthermore, nonpartnered marital status and uninsured/Medicaid insurance status were significantly associated with both cigarette smoking and/or heavy alcohol use (ORs, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4-2.5] and 1.5 [95% CI, 1.0-2.1], respectively) and a high mental health burden (ORs, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1 -1.8] and 3.0 [95% CI, 2.2-4.2], respectively). Conclusions Stakeholders should allocate greater supportive care resources to HNC survivors. The interdependence of substance abuse, adverse mental health symptoms, and other adverse patient-level influences requires development of novel, multimodal survivorship care interventions.
Low-Energy Availability and the Electronic Preparticipation Examination in College Athletes: Is There a Better Way to Screen?

ABSTRACT The electronic preparticipation physical examination (ePPE) is commonly used to identify health conditions that would affect participation in sports for athletes, including disordered eating and/or low energy availability (EA). A secondary analysis was performed using a cohort study of female college athletes attending a Division 1 university between 2008 and 2014. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between responses to questions on the ePPE related to eating behaviors and Female Athlete Triad (Triad). Risk categories (low, moderate, or high) were assigned to 239 athletes participating in 16 sports. The majority of responses on the ePPE did not identify athletes associated with moderate-/high-risk categories. Our findings suggest that ePPE may not sufficiently identify athletes at elevated risk for health concerns of the Triad. Our findings suggest that future ePPE may consider validated screening tools for disordered eating to help identify athletes at risk of low EA.
Three-dimensional extracellular matrix substrates for cell culture.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses three-dimensional extracellular matrix substrates for cell culture. Within tissues and organs, cells communicate with other cells within a three-dimensional molecular framework known as the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) to collectively give rise to differentiated form and function. A major breakthrough in perception of the information network that regulates cell behavior was made, however, by the realization that the ECM not only provides a mechanical framework for tissue architecture but also plays an active role in regulating the signaling process. The cell and its ECM coexist in a state of “dynamic reciprocity”. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the ECM modulate fundamental cellular activities, including adhesion, migration, proliferation, differential gene expression, and programmed cell death. In turn, the cell can modify its ECM environment by modulating synthesis, degradation, and organization of specific matrix components.
Voluntary exercise attenuates LPS-induced reductions in neurogenesis and increases microglia expression of a proneurogenic phenotype in aged mice

Microglia can acquire various phenotypes of activation that mediate their inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Aging causes microglia to become partially activated towards an inflammatory phenotype. As a result, aged animals display a prolonged neuroinflammatory response following an immune challenge. Currently unknown is whether this persistent neuroinflammation leads to greater reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis. Exercise has been shown to alter microglia activation in aged animals, but the nature of these changes has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study assessed whether aged mice show enhanced reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis following an acute immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Further, we assessed whether voluntary wheel running protects against the effects of LPS. Adult (4 months) and aged (22 months) male C57BL6/J mice were individually housed with or without a running wheel for a total of 9 weeks. After 5 weeks, mice received a single intraperitoneal LPS or saline injection in combination with four daily injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label dividing cells. Tissue was collected 4 weeks later and immunohistochemistry was conducted to measure new cell survival, new neuron numbers, and microglia activation. Data show that LPS reduced the number of new neurons in aged, but not adult, mice. These LPS-induced reductions in neurogenesis in the aged mice were prevented by wheel running. Further, exercise increased the proportion of microglia co-labeled with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the aged. Collectively, findings indicate that voluntary wheel running may promote a neuroprotective microglia phenotype and protect against inflammation-induced reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis in the aged brain.
Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls.

Alcohol dependence is known to be associated with steep discounting of delayed rewards, but its relation to the discounting of delayed losses and probabilistic rewards is unclear. Moreover, patterns of alcohol consumption vary considerably between communities, but previous research has not examined the relation between discounting and alcohol dependence in low-income African Americans. The goal of the present study was to determine whether low-income, alcohol-dependent African Americans differ from controls in the degree to which they discount delayed rewards, delayed losses, or probabilistic rewards. African–American participants, both cases and controls, were recruited from the same low-income neighborhoods, and propensity-score matching was used to further control for demographic differences. Participants performed three tasks that assessed their discounting of hypothetical monetary outcomes: delayed rewards, delayed losses, and probabilistic rewards. Alcohol-dependent cases discounted delayed gains, but not delayed losses or probabilistic gains, more steeply than their matched controls. The difference in discounting of delayed gains was localized to the male cases, whose discounting was steeper than either the male controls or the female cases; no gender difference was observed between male and female controls. The present results extend findings regarding discounting by substance abusers to a previously unstudied group, low-income African Americans, and suggest that in this group at least, alcohol dependence, particularly in males, may be more a reflection of choosing immediate rewards than of ignoring their delayed negative consequences.
The carbon isotope biogeochemistry of methane production in anoxic sediments. 1: Field observations

The natural abundance 13C/12C ratio of methane from anoxic marine and freshwater sediments in temperate climates varies seasonally. Carbon isotopic measurements of the methanogenic precursors, acetate, and dissolved inorganic carbon from the marine sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina have been used to determine the sources of the seasonal variations at that site. Movement of the methanogenic zone over an isotopic gradient within the dissolved CO2 pool appears to be the dominant control of the methane 13C/12C ratio from February to June. The onset of acetoclastic methane production is a second important controlling process during mid-summer. An apparent temperature dependence on the fractionation factor for CO2 reduction may have a significant influence on the isotopic composition of methane throughout the year.
How Can Tragedy Matter For Us

... he was, briefly and horribly, in a region where there was no definition of any kind, neither of color nor of male and female. There was only the leap and the rending and the terror and the surrender. And the terror: which all seemed to begin and end and begin again-forever-in a cavern behind the eye.... What order could prevail against so grim a privacy? And yet, without order, of what value was the mystery? -James Baldwin, Another Country
Screening the toxicity of phosphorous-removal adsorbents using a bioluminescence inhibition test.

When found in excess, phosphorus (P) has been linked to surface water eutrophication. As a result, adsorbents are now used in P remediation efforts. However, possible secondary toxicological impacts on the use of new materials for P removal from surface water have not been reported. This study evaluated the toxicity of adsorbent materials used in the removal of P from surface water including: fly ash, bottom ash, alum sludge, a proprietary mix of adsorbents, and a proprietary engineered material. Toxicity screening was conducted by performing solid-liquid extractions (SLEs) followed by the bacterial bioluminescence inhibition test with a Microtox® M500. Of the materials tested, the samples extracted at lower pH levels demonstrated higher toxicity. The material exhibiting the most toxic response was the iron and aluminum oxide coated engineered material registering a 66–67% 15-min EC50 level for pH 4 and 5 SLEs, respectively. However, for SLEs prepared at pH 7, toxic effects were not detected for this engineered material. Fly ash and bottom ash demonstrated between 82 and 84% 15-min EC50 level, respectively, for pH 4 SLE conditions. Dried alum sludge and the proprietary mix of adsorbents were classified as having little to no toxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2014.