cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilising Popular Music to Teach Introductory and General Education Political Science Classes

Popular music can be used to encourage active political discussions, increase understanding of political concepts and encourage student-centred learning on subjects with which students may unwittingly already be familiar via their iPods™. While some faculty may already be using music in the domestic political context, music can also be utilised in international and comparative political science classes as well. This article suggests that music and politics can be evaluated in four approaches: Music as ‘cause or outcome’ of political processes, music as ‘mirror’ revealing what we already believe about politics being reflected back to us, music as ‘data’ as the music itself, or the manner in which music is consumed, affects how an audience interprets and responds to it and, lastly, music as ‘constitutive’, in that, music constitutes norms, values and identities. This article suggests that students actually do become more engaged and have a better understanding of political concepts through the use of music in the classroom. The article also provides some useful advice for utilising music in the classroom to increase student engagement, critical thinking and better understanding of topics covered in class.
Dichotomous and multipoint scales using bipolar adjectives

Subjects responded to a set of self-descnptive bipo lar adjectives in either a dichotomous format or a 7-point bipolar rating scale format. In addition, each subject answered a measure of social desirability re sponding rate The responses of over 400 subjects in each format were factor analyzed, followed by a vari max rotation The factor structure for the formats were strikingly similar and closely reflected the traits repre sented by the adjectives. Social desirability was found to be of minimal influence for either format. However, the factors derived from the multipoint format were slightly clearer and accounted for more variance. In addition, trait measures produced by the sum of four adjective scales from a common content dimension were more internally consistent using the multipoint format.
Cognitive and affective components of life events: Their relations and effects on weil-being

A model of how five key facets of life events are related to one another and influence mental health and functioning was examined. The facets are the experience of control over, anticipation of, pleasantness from, stress generated by, and adjustment to life events. Multivariate analyses of data from 420 adult male respondents yielded results that were largely consistent with the hypothesized model. The results suggested that control over and anticipation of life events influenced the perceived stress produced by the events and the ability to adjust to them. In turn, it appeared that such stress and adjustment influenced mental health and functioning. The effects of control and anticipation on mental health and functioning were indirect only. Contrary to our hypothesis, control seemed to heighten perceived stress; but control, as well as anticipation, appeared to increase the ability to adjust. Whereas previous studies found no effect of desirable events on well-being, this study found that pleasant events had a beneficial effect. The discussion examines the implications of the findings for future research.
Synovial lipomatosis arborescens of the peroneal tendon sheath

The term "lipoma arborescens" has been used to describe the diffuse infiltration of fat within hypertrophic synovial villi, a condition which has been most frequently described in the knee. We advocate the term "synovial lipomatosis arborescens" for this process and present what is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of this disorder isolated to the peroneal tendon sheath, with imaging, intraoperative, and histological correlation.
Toward a New Understanding of Development and Underdevelopment

Dependency theory has contributed to contemporary Marxist analysis by questioning outmoded interpretations of imperialism, pointing out weaknesses in many theoretical explanations of development and underdevelopment, and advocating a study of the dynamics and effects of imperialism from the point of view of "imperialized" ("satellite") societies rather than imperialist ("metropolis") ones. It directly confronted Marxists with the need to reexamine the conventional wisdom on the causes of underdevelopment. The widely read and popularized formulations of Andre Gunder Frank (1967, 1969) as well as the works of Paul Baran (1957), Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1969, 1972, 1973) Theotonio Dos Santos (1970), and the father of dependency, Sergio Bagui (1949), forced Marxists to confront the issue of development and imperialism once again and replace often unquestioned formulas with more profound and complex theoretical formulations. The flurry of intense inquiry and debate stimulated by the emergence of the dependency perspective has been perhaps its most enduring contribution to Marxist scholarship. For many scholars and activists, the dependency perspective has been not only the radical but the Marxist interpretation of imperialism. Many Marxists, or persons sympathetic to and influenced by Marxist theory, are found in the ranks of its advocates, but the relationship between the dependency paradigm and Marxist theory has been anything but unproblematic. Dependency advocates have posed important questions, their Marxist critics acknowledge, but they have failed to answer them within a Marxist framework, choosing instead to insert new theoretical categories (like dependent capitalism) and elaborate ad hoc explanations. Not only were dependency theory's categories and methodological assumptions inadequate to the task of understanding development, but its political implications were often unacceptable or overly ambiguous. While dependency analyses had put the questions on the agenda, it has not been able to provide adequate alternative theoretical answers to the
Iron nutrition in the breast-fed infant

Breast-fed infants were compared with infants fed a prepared formula not fortified with iron during the first nine months of life. Despite efforts to provide equal iron intakes from cereal and other foods, the breast-fed infants ate less iron-containing foods than the formula-fed infants. The incidence of mild anemia and biochemical iron deficiency was the same in both groups. The breast-fed infants had a significantly lower total iron binding capacity. Breast-fed infants appear to utilize iron more efficiently than formula-fed infants.
Further analyses of the orthopoxviruses volepox virus and raccoon poxvirus

Abstract Volepox virus (VPX) from skin lesions on a vole and a pinon mouse caught in California and raccoon poxvirus (RCN) from raccoons trapped in Maryland were examined to begin elucidating their relationship to other orthopoxviruses, most of which are not known to be indigenous to the Americas. VPX and RCN produced pinpoint, nonhemorrhagic pocks on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes. In cell cultures both viruses produced 1-mm diameter, irregular plaques, A-type inclusions (ATIs), and despite production of hemagglutinin, both viruses caused syncytia formation. Considerable cross-hybridization was seen between VPX and RCN DNA and the DNAs of other orthopoxviruses; however, Hin dIII cleavage site maps showed marked central and terminal region differences between VPX (222.8 kbp) and RCN (224.8 kbp) DNA and mapped DNAs of other orthopoxviruses. Cognate DNAs of the ATI 160-kDa protein and 38-kDa serine protease inhibitor homologue of cowpox virus (CPV) and the 14-kDa fusion protein of vaccinia virus (VAC) were present within the right end of VPX and RCN DNA, matching their location in CPV and VAC. VPX and RCN, respectively, expressed a 150- and a 155-kDa ATI major protein and a 20- and an 18-kDa fusion protein. Low stringency annealing suggested that cognate DNAs for the VAC growth factor and the α-amanitin target protein were present within the left end of VPX and RCN DNA, matching their location in VAC. Terminal tandem repeat sequences of VAC and RCN did not cross-hybridize with each other or with VPX DNA end fragments. Together, the data suggested that VPX and RCN are phylogenetically rather distant from orthopoxviruses not indigenous to the Americas, although genetic information is arranged as in other examined orthopoxviruses.
Direct toxicity assessment of solid phase samples using the toxi-chromotest kit

Toxicity screening of sediments, suspended sediments, soils, and solid wastes is becoming increasingly important in environmental studies. To date toxicity testing of sediments, suspended sediments, soils, and solid wastes has almost always been performed on exudates, water, and/or solvent extracts. These procedures are often complicated, labor intensive, and expensive. This report describes a simple, quick, inexpensive qualitative/ semiquantitative direct sediment/solid phase toxicity testing procedure (DSTTP) using the Toxi-Chromotest kit. This procedure only requires the use of a balance, vortex mixer, and a 37°C incubator, and can easily be used under field conditions. The DSTTP measures the available toxicants of the test sediments, suspended sediments, soils, and any other solid wastes without altering the original characteristics of the samples as occurs in extraction and concentration procedures. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Great 2006 Heat Wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an Increasing Trend

Abstract Most of the great California–Nevada heat waves can be classified into primarily daytime or nighttime events depending on whether atmospheric conditions are dry or humid. A rash of nighttime-accentuated events in the last decade was punctuated by an unusually intense case in July 2006, which was the largest heat wave on record (1948–2006). Generally, there is a positive trend in heat wave activity over the entire region that is expressed most strongly and clearly in nighttime rather than daytime temperature extremes. This trend in nighttime heat wave activity has intensified markedly since the 1980s and especially since 2000. The two most recent nighttime heat waves were also strongly expressed in extreme daytime temperatures. Circulations associated with great regional heat waves advect hot air into the region. This air can be dry or moist, depending on whether a moisture source is available, causing heat waves to be expressed preferentially during day or night. A remote moisture source centered ...
Induction of cyclin D1 by simian virus 40 small tumor antigen

Cell-cycle progression is mediated by a co-ordinated interaction between cyclin-dependent kinases and their target proteins including the pRB and E2F/DP-1 complexes. Immunoneutralization and antisense experiments have established that the abundance of cyclin D1, a regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinases, may be rate-limiting for G1 phase progression of the cell cycle. Simian virus 40 (SV40) small tumor (t) antigen is capable of promoting G1 phase progression and augments substantially the efficiency of SV40 transformation through several distinct domains. In these studies, small t antigen stimulated cyclin D1 promoter activity 7-fold, primarily through an AP-1 binding site at -954 with additional contributions from a CRE site at -57. The cyclin D1 AP-1 and CRE sites were sufficient for activation by small t antigen when linked to an heterologous promoter. Point mutations of small t antigen between residues 97-103 that reduced PP2A binding were partially defective in the induction of the cyclin D1 promoter. These mutations also reduced activation of MEK1 and two distinct members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, the ERKs (extracellular signal regulated kinases) and the SAPKs (stress-activated protein kinases), in transfected cells. Dominant negative mutants of either MEK1, ERK or SEK1, reduced small t-dependent induction of the cyclin D1 promoter. SV40 small t induction of the cyclin D1 promoter involves both the ERK and SAPK pathways that together may contribute to the proliferative and transformation enhancing activity of small t antigen.
Hypercyst mutants in Rhodospirillum centenum identify regulatory loci involved in cyst cell differentiation.

Rhodospirillum centenum is a purple photosynthetic bacterium that forms resting cyst cells when starved for nutrients. In this study, we demonstrate that chalcone synthase gene (chsA) expression is developmentally regulated, with expression of chsA increasing up to 86-fold upon induction of the cyst developmental cycle. Screening for mini-Tn5-induced mutants that exhibit elevated chsA::lacZ expression has led to the isolation of a set of R. centenum mutants that display increased chsA gene expression concomitant with constitutive induction of the cyst developmental cycle. These “hypercyst” mutants have lost the ability to regulate cyst cell formation in response to nutrient availability. Sequence analysis indicates that the mini-Tn5-disrupted genes code for a variety of factors, including metabolic enzymes and a large set of potential regulatory factors, including four gene products with homology to histidine sensor kinases and three with homology to response regulators. Several of the disrupted genes also have sequence similarity to che-like signal transduction components.
Trends: Characteristics And Growth Of Managed Behavioral Health Care Firms

Employers are increasingly turning to managed behavioral health care firms to manage mental health and substance abuse costs. What do we know about these firms?
Fertility preservation outcomes may differ by cancer diagnosis.

Context : Cancer survival has improved significantly and maintaining fertility is both a major concern and an important factor for the quality of life in cancer patients. Aims : To explore differences in oocyte stimulation for fertility preservation (FP) patients based on cancer diagnosis. Settings and Deign : Between 2005 and 2011, 109 patients elected to pursue FP at a single institution. Materials and Method : In vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome variables between four cancer diagnostic groups (breast, gynecologic, lymphoma/leukemia and other) and age-matched male factor or tubal factor infertility IVF control group were compared. Statistical Analysis : ANOVA and Chi-square analyses were employed to compare variables between the groups that were normally distributed. Kruskal-Wallis with subsequent Mann-Whitney U-test were used for data that were not normally distributed. Results : Women with gynecologic malignancies were significantly older than the women in the other three groups, but tended to have a better ovarian response. Women with hematologic malignancies were most likely to have been exposed to chemotherapy and had the longest stimulations with a similar number of oocytes retrieved. The age-matched IVF controls had higher peak estradiol levels, number of oocytes obtained, and fertilization rates when compared to cancer patients with or without a history of prior chemotherapy. Conclusions : Factors including age, type of cancer and chemotherapy exposure, can influence response to ovarian stimulation. Discussing these findings with patients presenting for FP may aid in setting realistic treatment expectations.
A macrophage-tropic HIV-1 that expresses green fluorescent protein and infects alveolar and blood monocyte-derived macrophages.

We describe the construction of a macrophage-tropic HIV-1 molecular clone, pNLAD8-EGFP, which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein. We show that NLAD8-EGFP can infect monocyte-derived macrophages as well as alveolar macrophages. NLAD8-EGFP-infected macrophages can be easily and sensitively detected based on the visualization of intracellular green fluorescent protein.
Religion at Work: A Legal Quagmire

A religious revival is occurring in the United States today as the traditional wall preventing faith from entering the work place is crumbling. With workers increasingly practicing their religion at work, employers face a growing cavalcade of dilemmas, including those where employees discuss religious tenets, wear religious symbols, object to employer edits on the basis of faith, and proselytize. The faith/work challenge is made even more complex because of the greater number of religions practiced today (both traditional religions based on Judeo‐Christian principles and the so‐called “immigrant religions” that have blossomed during recent decades) coupled with the growing popularity of a host of “spirituality” movements. As the mixing of faith and work becomes common place, employers and employees naturally look to the law to establish concomitant rights and duties.
UVB-induced ERK/AKT-dependent PTEN suppression promotes survival of epidermal keratinocytes

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight is the major environmental cause of skin cancer. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a proven critical tumor suppressor. We report here that UVB downregulates PTEN in primary human keratinocytes, human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin. As compared with normal skin, PTEN levels are reduced in human actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin lesion caused by solar UV. PTEN downregulation is mediated by two mechanisms: (1) PTEN is cleaved by active caspase in apoptotic cells in which AKT activation is reduced; and (2) PTEN transcription is suppressed in surviving cells, and this suppression is independent of caspase activation and occurs in parallel with increased ERK and AKT activation. We report here that the combination of ERK and AKT activation is crucial for PTEN suppression in surviving cells following UVB irradiation. AKT activation is higher in UVB-irradiated surviving cells as compared with unirradiated cells. The ERK and AKT pathways are involved in sustaining PTEN suppression in UVB-exposed cells. Increasing PTEN expression enhances apoptosis of keratinocytes in response to UVB irradiation. Our findings indicate that (1) UVB radiation suppresses PTEN expression in keratinocytes; and (2) the ERK/AKT/PTEN axis may form a positive feedback loop following UVB irradiation. Our identification of PTEN as a critical molecular target of UVB provides new insights into the pathogenesis of skin cancer.
Three Theories of Religious Activism and Violence: Social Movements, Fundamentalists, and Apocalyptic Warriors

Numerous scholars have investigated religiously motivated violence, particularly in the wake of September 11, including discussions on the role of modernity in triggering religious violence, the increasing presence of religion in politics, the violence-prone nature of certain religions, and religion's correlation with ethnicity and other conflict-intensifying variables. However, religious activism and violence are not new phenomena. Few theories have been advanced that move across time and space and, broadly, seek to explain the conditions under which religion becomes involved in activism and violence. This article argues that three broad causal arguments for religious activism—social movements, fundamentalism, and apocalyptic warriors—help explain the conditions under which religiously motivated violence occurs across time and space. These three causal arguments offer a spectrum of goals within religious activism, ranging from challenging social practices and government policies, to defending specific in...
Quinoid redox cycling as a mechanism for sustained free radical generation by inhaled airborne particulate matter

The health effects of airborne fine particles are the subject of government regulation and scientific debate. The aerodynamics of airborne particulate matter, the deposition patterns in the human lung, and the available experimental and epidemiological data on health effects lead us to focus on airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic mean diameter less than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) as the fraction of the particles with the largest impact in health. In this article we present a novel hypothesis to explain the continuous production of reactive oxygen species produced by PM(2.5) when it is deposited in the lung. We find PM(2.5) contains abundant persistent free radicals, typically 10(16) to 10(17) unpaired spins/gram, and that these radicals are stable for several months. These radicals are consistent with the stability and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral characteristics of semiquinone radicals. Catalytic redox cycling by semiquinone radicals is well documented in the literature and we had studied in detail its role on the health effects of cigarette smoke particulate matter. We believe that we have for the first time shown that the same, or similar radicals, are not confined to cigarette smoke particulate matter but are also present in PM(2.5). We hypothesize that these semiquinone radicals undergo redox cycling, thereby reducing oxygen and generating reactive oxygen species while consuming tissue-reducing equivalents, such as NAD(P)H and ascorbate. These reactive oxygen species generated by particles cause oxidative stress at sites of deposition and produce deleterious effects observed in the lung.
The Chip Is the Network: Toward a Science of Network-on-Chip Design

The Chip Is the Network: Towards a Science of Network-on-Chip Design reviews the major design methodologies that have had a profound effect on designing future Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures. More precisely, it addresses the problem of NoC design in the deterministic context, where the application and the architecture are modeled as graphs with worst-case type of information about the parameters of the components influencing the network traffic. Rather than simply enumerating the proposed approaches, it takes a formal approach and also discusses the main features of each proposed solution. It then goes one step further by considering the design of NoCs with partial information available (primarily under the Markovian assumption) about the application and the architecture. Similarly to the deterministic context, it discusses various probabilistic approaches to NoC design and points out their advantages and limitations. Last, but not least, it looks at emerging approaches inspired from statistical physics and information theory. The formal approach adopted means the network concept is addressed in the most general context, pointing out the main limitations of the proposed solutions, and suggesting a few open-ended problems. The Chip Is the Network: Towards a Science of Network-on-Chip Design is an invaluable reference for the NoC research community and, indeed anyone from CAD/VLSI academe or industry with an interest in this emerging paradigm.
A simulation model for lead movement in a watershed

Abstract A simulation model of the movement and accumulation of automotively emitted lead in a watershed of Central Illinois is presented. The model is composed of four parallel terrestrial subsystems or zones based on traffic volume, and an aquatic system in series. The model is used to estimate historical accumulations of lead within the watershed and to compare different scenarios of reductions of lead emissions. Since the introduction of leaded gasoline an estimated 570, 000 kg of lead has been emitted in the watershed. Of this total about 36% remained airborne and left the watershed, and 3% left the watershed via the quatic system. Lead is found to be a significant pollutant in urban areas and near major highways. Without emission controls lead is expected to cause environmental problems after about 25 years.
Optimal Sampling of Infrastructure Condition: Motivation, Formulation, and Evaluation

Infrastructure management is the process through which inspection, maintenance, and rehabilitation decisions are made to minimize total life-cycle cost. Condition measurement, spatial sampling, and forecasting introduce uncertainty into the process. The first and third uncertainties are captured in the infrastructure management literature. However, the second has not been recognized and quantified. This study focuses on motivating the incorporation of the spatial sampling uncertainty in decision-making, quantifying this uncertainty, and investigating its effect on the expected minimum life-cycle cost. Evaluation measures are defined to assess the contributions of the developed framework, namely incorporating uncertainty due to spatial sampling in the decision-making process and selecting the sample size optimally. A numerical analysis indicates that in general both contributions are important under a wide range of realistic scenarios and the implications of the combined effects on minimizing life-cycle cost and long-term budget planning are marked.
Abstract B108: Inhibition of osteoblastic tumorigenesis of a novel human prostate cancer cell line by the blockade of TGF‐β signaling

The skeleton is the most common site of prostate cancer metastasis, which often results in osteoblastic lesions. The associated fractures and pain are major causes of morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer patients. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling has been shown to developmentally regulate bone mass and bone matrix properties. It has also been shown to promote osteolytic metastasis induced by breast cancer through its regulation of some secreted proteins that are involved in bone resorption. However, its role in prostate cancer‐induced osteoblastic metastasis is much less clear. This is in part due to a lack of prostate cancer cell lines that can efficiently induce bone metastasis and osteoblastic lesions in animal models. We found that a newly established human prostate cancer PacMetUT1 cell line produces copious amounts of active TGFβ1 and induces extensive bone metastases in calvaria, rib, femur, and tibia when inoculated in the left cardiac ventricle of male nude mice. Histology revealed extensive bone formation in the metastatic lesions of the calvaria and femur with some areas showing bone resorption. Stable knockdown of TGFβ1 with a shRNA in the PacMetUT1 cells resulted in significantly reduced TGFβ1 secretion and decreased tumor incidence when the cells were directly injected into the tibiae of male nude mice. Systemic administration of either a small inhibitor of TGFβ type I receptor kinase or a pan TGFβ binding protein also decreased osteoblastic intratibial tumor incidence and growth. PacMetUT1 is a novel prostate cancer cell line for the investigation of mechanisms that regulate formation of metastatic osteoblastic bone lesions. Future studies will reveal whether targeting the TGFβ signaling pathway is feasible for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer‐induced bone metastasis. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B108.
Breeding and establishing new trees resistant to disease

While the vanished American chestnut has not yet been replaced by blight-resistant chestnuts, or white pines, elms and poplars saved from the ravages of other diseases, great advances have been made toward achieving these goals.
Beaver (Castor canadensis) responses to major phenolic and neutral compounds in castoreum

North American beaver (Castor canadensis) mark their territories with castoreum, a chemically complex secretion from their castor sacs. The phenolic and neutral fractions of castoreum have been shown to elicit specific behavioral responses from beavers in a field setting. Our objective was to identify compounds/mixtures that evoked responses similar to those stimulated by castoreum. We assayed recently identified phenolic compounds, some phenolics that had been determined to be biologically active in previous studies, the neutral compound borneol, and combinations of phenolic compounds, neutral compounds, and the two combined. Biological activity was measured by the elicitation and extent of specific responses and their strength (duration, frequency, and proportion of beavers responding). Generally, single compounds stimulated fewer responses than mixtures. A 26-compound mixture of phenolic and neutral compounds elicited responses in a similar proportion of trials as castoreum. However, responses to castoreum were stronger than to any synthetic sample. Further investigation of different measures of response, namely, elicitation, completeness, and strength, are deemed necessary to fully decipher the design of social odors.
Flow Disturbance Characterization Measurements in the National Transonic Facility

Recent flow measurements have been acquired in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) to assess the unsteady flow environment in the test section. The primary purpose of the test is to determine the feasibility of the NTF to conduct laminar-flow-control testing and boundary-layer transition sensitive testing. The NTF can operate in two modes, warm (air) and cold/cryogenic (nitrogen) test conditions for testing full and semispan scaled models. The warm-air mode enables low to moderately high Reynolds numbers through the use of high tunnel pressure, and the nitrogen mode enables high Reynolds numbers up to flight conditions, depending on aircraft type and size, utilizing high tunnel pressure and cryogenic temperatures. NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project is interested in demonstrating different laminar-flow technologies at flight-relevant operating conditions throughout the transonic Mach number range and the NTF is well suited for the initial ground-based demonstrations. Roll polar data at selected test conditions were obtained to look at the uniformity of the flow disturbance field in the test section. Data acquired from the rake probes included mean total temperatures, mean and fluctuating static/total pressures, and mean and fluctuating hot-wire measurements. . Based on the current measurements and previous data, an assessment was made that the NTF is a suitable facility for ground-based demonstrations of laminar-flow technologies at flight-relevant conditions in the cryogenic mode.
Effects of layer thickness and alloy composition on carrier lifetimes in mid-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb superlattices

Measurements of carrier recombination rates using a time-resolved pump-probe technique are reported for mid-wave infrared InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-2 superlattices (T2SLs). By engineering the layer widths and alloy compositions, a 16 K band-gap of ≃235 ± 10 meV was achieved for all five unintentionally doped T2SLs. Carrier lifetimes were determined by fitting a rate equation model to the density dependent data. Minority carrier lifetimes as long as 10 μs were measured. On the other hand, the Auger rates for all the InAs/InAsSb T2SLs were significantly larger than those previously measured for InAs/GaSb T2SLs. The minority carrier and Auger lifetimes were observed to generally increase with increasing antimony content and decreasing layer thickness.
The sedimentary cycle of the boron isotopes

Abstract Marine sediments contain two isotopically distinct components: a non-desorbable fraction with δ11B between −4.3 and +2.8 per mil (n = 10) and a desorbable component with δ11B between 13.9 and 15.8 per mil (n = 6). The adsorption coefficient, K, for the uptake of B from seawater by fluvial suspended material (Mississippi) has an experimentally determined value of 1.54 ± 0.05. The associated isotope fractionation factor, α, is 0.974 ± 0.003. Empirical values for K, determined from the analysis of marine sediments (n = 6), were between 3 and 4. The amount of B adsorbed onto fluvial suspended material during estuarine mixing is about 9 × 109 moles/yr. Based on pore water data, adsorption experiments and comparative size fraction analyses (suspended sediments from the Mississippi River vs. bottom deposits from the Delta) there is no evidence for the incorporation of B into detrital sediments at low temperature. However, the high B content of Bauer Deep metalliferous sediments must be due to incorporation of seawater B during formation of authigenic silicates. The δ11B of these minerals is 2 ± 3 per mil. Hydrothermally altered sediments from DSDP Hole 477, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California have variable B contents, from 33 ppm, similar to the unaltered detritus, to 1.2 ppm in the recrystallized material. The latter has δ11B as low as −9.0 per mil, substantially lower than the unaltered material. Hydrothermal solutions collected from vents adjacent to the hole have boron contents elevated by about a factor of 4 relative to seawater and δ11B between 16.5 and 23.2 per mil. The B mobilized from the sediments is isotopically fractionated with the fluids being preferentially enriched in the heavy isotope. Analysis of an oxisol profile developed over granite in the Guyana Shield showed that boron is partially mobilized during weathering with an isotopic offset of 2.5 per mil between bedrock and soil. The observed enrichment of B in shales relative to igneous rocks does not occur during weathering or during exposure to seawater at low temperature. Incorporation occurs only during burial diagenesis at temperatures greater than about 60°C. However, the enrichments cannot be attained during a single cycle of primary weathering and burial but must be cumulative over many cycles.
Summary of North American Free Trade Agreement Meeting on the Electronics Industry

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect January 1, 1994. AIHA supported the occupational safety and health provisions of the agreement and made the commitment to become involved by offering our technical expertise. Our first opportunity has been a series of three technical seminars sponsored by the governments of the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The first seminar, targeting the electronics industry, was held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, June 13–16, 1994. We were represented by Past President Harry Ettinger and AIHA Journal Editor in Chief Howard Cohen. The second focused on the construction industry and was held September 28–30, 1994, in Mexico City, where the chair of the new Construction Committee, Dale Drysdale, represented AIHA. The third seminar, focusing on the petrochemical industry, was held November 13–17, 1994, in Alberta, Canada. Greta Raymond, who had been actively involved in that industry in Canada for many years, represented AIHA. All of these individuals strengthen...
On the Role of Inertial Instability in Stratosphere–Troposphere Exchange near Midlatitude Cyclones*

AbstractIn simulations of midlatitude cyclones with the University of Wisconsin Nonhydrostatic Modeling System (UWNMS), mesoscale regions with large negative absolute vorticity commonly occur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), overlying thin layers of air with stratospheric values of ozone and potential vorticity (PV). These locally enhanced stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) events are related to upstream convection by tracing negative equivalent potential vorticity (EPV) anomalies along back trajectories. Detailed agreement between the patterns of negative absolute vorticity, PV, and EPV—each indicators of inertial instability in the UTLS—is shown to occur in association with enhanced STE signatures. Results are presented for two midlatitude cyclones in the upper Midwest, where convection develops between the subpolar and subtropical jets.Mesoscale regions of negative EPV air originate upstream in the boundary layer. As they are transported through convection, EPV becomes incre...
TU‐A‐BRA‐01: Planning, QA, and the Role of Imaging of Localization for Head and Neck Treatments

This educational session is designed to provide practical perspective on head and neck treatment planning and delivery. The panel will draw from their own and the shared experiences of the other panelists to provide a comprehensive discussions of the issues and decisions encountered daily as part of treating patients with head and neck cancer. Contouring, PTV and Organ at Risk Doses: a Physician's perspective ‐ How a physician approaches the question of a practical balance between doses to target and proximal normal tissues will be explored and implications of contouring approaches will be considered. • Use and implications of hand drawn PTV vs CTV + margin = PTV • Organs at risk • Dose trade‐offs • Planning process: When is it good enough? Is the difference between plans clinically observable or art? What dose levels, that can be affected in planning, produce results that are observed in practice? Treatment Planning ‐Strategies in beam selection, contouring of dose sculpting structures and in setting of constraints to enable for driving IMRT opimizers to achieve the balance sought by the physician for targets treated at multiple concurrent dose levels will be discussed. Process flow and time to create plans will be discussed. • Dose Sculpting Structures • Beam selection (IMRT vs VMAT) • Optimization strategies Patient Positioning Options and Imaging Strategies — The ability of the treatment plan to accurately reflect delivered doses, is linked to the ability to reliably set up and verify the same patient position as in the original CT. A range of typical questions and practical approaches will be discussed. • Patient Positioning Options: Head cup + aquaplast,vac‐loc bag, alpha cradle based,bite block, etc. • Imaging ∘ kV vs Conebeam ∘ Imagetreatment fields or just setup fields? ∘ How frequently should fields be imaged? ∘ Decision tree for use of MV, kV, ConeBeam ∘ Use of blended imaging tools for checking measured vs predicted DRR or ConeBeam? ∘ When it doesn't align, then what? IMRT QA — There area wide array of devices and measurements for QA of IMRT fields. This presentation will address issues encountered in designing practical approaches to demonstrate that the dose planned for a patient can be delivered with acceptable accuracy. The strengths and weaknesses of QA approaches will be discussed. • Measurement devices, strategies and basis for choice • Is gamma analysis alone sufficient? What else is used instead?
Analysis of medazepam, diazepam, and metabolites in plasma by gas—liquid chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detection

An improved electrolytic conductivity detector allowed the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of medazepam, diazepam, and major metabolites in 2 ml plasma at concentrations of 20 microgram/l. The detector had a sensitivity limit of less than 1 ng (or 100 pg nitrogen) when operated in the nitrogen-selective mode and a nitrogen/carbon elemental selectivity ratio of greater than 100,000 compared to octadecane and cholesterol. Detector response when operated in various element-selective chemical modes was investigated, and its application to the analysis of the title compounds was compared to electron capture and flame ionization detection systems.
Two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

Incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is considered in a geometry in which the fields are all independent of the z coordinate, e.g., but have all three components. This is a limit frequently called ’’two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional.’’ It is conjectured that simultaneous inverse cascades of magnetic helicity and mean square z‐component of vector potential may exist. At high Reynolds numbers, selective decays to states of finite pressure gradients appear to be possible. Anti‐dynamo theorems are difficult to prove for this geometry.
Abstract 2077: Interactions between sulfiredoxin, S100A4 and non-muscle myosin IIA regulate cancer cell adhesion and motility

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is an antioxidant protein that reduces over-oxidized catalytic cysteine residues of peroxiredoxins I-IV and catalyzes reduction of some S-glutathionylated proteins. We previously showed that Srx plays a role in cell migration and interacts with non-muscle myosin IIA (NM IIA; Bowers et al AACR 2010). The purpose of the present study was to extend our knowledge of the effect of Srx on cell adhesion and migration. Immunoprecipitation of Srx from non-small lung cancer (A549 cells) revealed a number of Srx-interacting proteins including NM IIA and S100A4. NM IIA plays a central role in the control of cell adhesion and migration, and S100A4 is a key regulator of NM IIA activity that is linked to cancer metastases. Adhesion assays showed that A549 cells over-expressing Srx have reduced adhesion to fibronectin-coated dishes and decreased levels of Tyr397-phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK). Conversely, Srx knockdown by shRNA increased A549 cell adhesion to fibronectin and p-FAK levels. Srx over-expression in A549 cells increased actin stress fiber formation and altered focal adhesion formation. Depletion of Srx in A549 cells resulted in decreased actin stress fiber formation and also altered sites of cell:extracellular matrix adhesion. In silico molecular modeling of an Srx-S100A4 homodimer complex showed close proximity (∼13A) of the single Cys99 of Srx to the Cys85 of S100A4. The calculated binding constant for the Srx-S100A4 interaction indicated reasonable affinity (KD∼ 62 nM). This affinity was not dependent upon disulfide bonding, since mutation of Srx residue Cys99 to Ser resulted in increased affinity (KD ∼22 nM). In vitro S-glutathionylation of Cys85 of S100A4 markedly increased its affinity to Srx (KD∼4 nM), but had no effect with the inactive Srx C99S mutant. Srx over-expression produced a doubling of the basal cellular level of free Ca2+ suggesting that the protein:protein interactions altered the capacity of S100A4 to bind Ca2+. Our data show that Srx may play important role in S100A4-mediated cancer cell cytoskeletal remodeling and motility and could potentially be a target for development of specific anticancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2077. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2077
Chemical composition and in situ dry matter and fiber disappearance of sorghum × Sudangrass hybrids

Three sorghum x Sudangrass hybrids were planted in twelve 0.2-ha plots to test the effect of date of harvest and hybrid on plant maturity, DM yield, chemical composition, and in situ DM and fiber disappearance. Sweet Sunny Sue (a non-brown midrib (BMR) hybrid; nonBMR), NutriPlus BMR (a BMR hybrid; NP-BMR), and Dry Stalk BMR (a BMR hybrid; DS-BMR) were planted on 26 June 2003 at 22.4 kg of seed/ha. Beginning 34 d after planting, plant height and phenological growth stage were assessed weekly in 10 random, 0.5-m(2) quadrats per plot. Plants were clipped to 2.5 cm in height and analyzed for CP, NDF, and ADF using near-infrared spectroscopy. Composite samples harvested from each plot on d 34, 48, and 63 were incubated in the rumen of 3 steers to determine the in situ disappearance of DM and NDF in a 3 x 3 Latin square. Forage yield was greater (P 0.13) between BMR hybrids. This research indicates that forage chemical composition and ruminal in situ disappearance are improved in the BMR sorghum x Sudangrass hybrids tested compared with the nonBMR. Yield reductions are commonly reported for BMR hybrids, but predicted DM yields in the current study were not reduced if harvested at a similar phenological growth stage.
GONADAL AND ADRENAL HORMONE CORRELATES OF SELFCONCEPT IN EARLY ADLOESCENCE

The purpose of the study was to examine the relation between endocrine changes during puberty and psychological development. The participants were 9- to 14-year-old males (n=39) and females (n=25) enrolled in a longitudinal study, Assessments of physical development consisted of pubertal stage according to Tanner and plasma determinations for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandosterone, dehydroepiandosterone sulfate, and androstenedione. The Perceived Competence Scale for Children was used to assess adolescent selfconcept. A pattern of negative correlations emerged between pubertal stage, hormone levels, and adolescent self-perceptions, with statistically significant relationships (.01 or .05 level) between pubertal stage and self-concept for males (physical and general competence) and females (social competence); between gonadotropins and sex steroids and self-concept for males (cognitive competence) and females (cognitive, social, and physical competence); and between adrenal androgens and self-concept for males (cognitive, social, and physical competence) and females (cognitive competence). Thus, both adrenal (adrenarche) and gonadal (gonadarche) changes in adolescence may exert influence on the way adolescents perceive themselves.
CUTICULAR WAXES ON ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA CLOSE RELATIVES THELLUNGIELLA HALOPHILA AND THELLUNGIELLA PARVULA

Thellungiella halophila and Thellungiella parvula have been recently reported to be close halophytic relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana. Crystallization patterns and chemical composition of stem and leaf cuticular waxes on T. halophila, T. parvula, and A. thaliana ecotype C24 were examined. Whereas the heavy glaucousness, total wax amounts, wax crystal structures, and wax chemical constituents on inflorescence stems of these species were similar, their leaf waxes differed significantly. Arabidopsis thaliana leaf surfaces were glossy, whereas T. parvula leaf surfaces were glaucous throughout development. By comparison, T. halophila leaf surfaces were glossy before flower initiation but glaucous after. Glaucousness resulted from the presence of densely distributed epicuticular wax crystals visible with electron microscopy. Glaucous leaves of both T. halophila and T. parvula produced 12.7‐ and 24.1‐fold more total wax, respectively, than leaves of A. thaliana. Waxes on glossy leaves of T. halophila were great...
Cross-national differences in work-nonwork conflict

The present study examines the level of work-nonwork conflict found in eight countries categorized by value dimensions of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. Results indicate that masculine/collectivist countries have the lowest level of work-nonwork conflict. In addition, it was found that in masculine/collectivist countries, the work role dominates over the nonwork role.
Primordial inhomogeneities in the expanding universe. I - Density and velocity distributions of galaxies in the vicinities of rich clusters

The density profiles and Hubble flow deviations in the vicinities of rich galaxy clusters are derived for a variety of models of initial density and velocity perturbations at the recombination epoch. The galaxy correlation function, measured with respect to the Abell clusters, is used to normalize the theoretical models. The angular scales of the required primordial inhomogeneities are calculated. It is found that the resulting density profiles around rich clusters are surprisingly insensitive to the shape of the initial perturbations and also to the cosmological density parameter, Omega. However, it is shown that the distribution of galaxy radial velocities can provide a possible means of deriving Omega.
Telomeres: A New Means to an End

Gene duplication provides an important evolutionary mechanism for functional diversification. A new study in Drosophila indicates that gene duplication has allowed telomere protection to be partitioned between the soma and the specialized chromatin environment of sperm.
Selected Pharmacological Studies of an Alkaloidal Extract of Banisteriopsis Quitensis

The preparation and pharmacological testing of an alkaloidal extract of Banisteriopsis quitensisare presented. The extract was found to exert numerous effects on the CNS in mice, including sedation, transient paralysis, ataxia, prolongation of hexobarbital “sleeping” times, and prevention of reserpine‐induced hypothermia. The preparation was without effect on the ECG, blood pressure, or respiration in unanesthetized rats. A testing method for analgesia is presented, utilizing a grid‐shock apparatus. The extract produced an analgesic effect which was dependent upon intact supplies of serotonin but not norepinephrine.