cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Contemporary Assessment of Facial Aesthetic Preferences

Objectives To compare and characterize the ideal nasolabial angle, nasal tip width, and location of the eyebrow apex for Asian and white women. Methods From approximately January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2005, we photographed the faces of 2 Asian women and 2 white women of differing ages. Each model's image was modified to create different eyebrow shapes, unique nasolabial angles, and varying nasal tip widths. We subsequently recruited, and obtained demographic information from, volunteers from the general public to rate the modified images based on their aesthetic preferences. Results We found that neither the ethnicity of the models nor the ethnicity of the volunteers who rated them played a significant role in determining the ideal eyebrow apex location, nasolabial angle, or nasal tip width. However, generally speaking, a more lateral brow apex is preferable in younger faces, whereas a more medial apex is favored in older ones. Other preferences include a moderate nasolabial angle and a narrow nasal tip. As a result of individual variability, it has been difficult to establish a method to calculate a nasolabial angle that adequately portrays the apparent rotation of the nose in most people. We found that the angle formed by the line from the anterior columella to the subnasale and the line exactly perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal plane provides the best estimate. Conclusions When planning facial plastic surgery, the goals of the patient are of paramount importance. Although it is important to understand the ways in which people of different ethnicities and ages differ in their facial proportions as a group, facial harmony must be pursued on an individual basis.
Third-order intermodulation in a micromechanical thermal mixer

A radio frequency (RF) micromechanical shell-type resonator with a resistive thermal actuator is shown to perform as a highly linear, broadband mixer and a high-quality factor post-translation (intermediate frequency) filter. The resistor is capable of frequency translation of RF carrier signals as high as 1.5 GHz to the intermediate frequency of 12.7 MHz. The thermal actuator allows electrical isolation between the input and output of the mixer-filter, dc bias independent mixing, and provides a 50-Ohm load to match the output of front-end electronics. High linearity is demonstrated in the mixer with a third-order input intercept point of +30 dBm for interferers spaced at a 50-kHz offset from the carrier frequency. A variant of the Duffing oscillator model and finite element modeling are used to analyze the origin of nonlinearities in the micromechanical system. [1503].
Database design for failure modes and effects analysis

A design for a database system for storing failure modes and effects analysis data has been developed using the E-R (entity-relationship) model to describe the entity sets, relationships, and attributes to a FMEA database. The relational data model can be implemented using any commercially available DBMS (database management system). A detailed discussion of the many advantages of using such a database shows that it is a sound basis for automating the FMEA process. Its usefulness in developing an automated FMEA tool for use in a multiuser environment is also discussed. The database system can also serve as a foundation for developing the analysis component needed for a true FMEA expert system. Using a database for FMEA will also improve the quality of the analysis, and make it more meaningful and visible. >
Tetralogy of Fallot with an aortopulmonary septal defect: prenatal diagnosis.

An aortopulmonary septal defect is a rare cardiac malformation in which there is a communication between the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk in the presence of 2 separate semilunar valves. There are reports of postnatal diagnosis of aortopulmonary septal defects in association with tetralogy of Fallot. 1-4 Prenatal diagnosis of an aortopulmonary septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot is rare. We report a case of tetralogy of Fallot and an aortopulmonary septal defect diagnosed by fetal echocardiography at 30 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed on postnatal cross-sectional echocardiography and at surgery.
An Intuitive Formulation and Solution of the Exact Cell-Bounding Problem for Contingency Tables of Conditional Frequencies

Recent research has raised questions about the structure and calculation of bounds on the underlying cell counts for a contingency table released in the form of conditional probabilities. This problem has implications for statistical disclosure limitation. We elucidate the mathematical structure of the problem in fairly elementary terms, under the assumption that the unrounded conditionals and sample size are known. To do so, we reformulate a standard integer programming approach as a knapsack problem, show that this provides many insights into the problem, and provide illustrations in the context of several datasets. In particular, we demonstrate that the tightest bounds are much easier to calculate than previously believed, and we also identify circumstances in which disclosure is either guaranteed or unlikely to occur.
Erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in alcoholism

Erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was determined in 44 chronic alcoholic patients within 18-36 hr after discontinuation of chronic alcohol intake and in 20 nonalcoholic controls. The enzyme activity was decreased to 4.98 +/- 0.52 mlU/mg of protein in the alcoholics as compared with a value of 8.25 +/- 1.29 mlU/mg of protein in the controls (p less than 0.05). The level of the enzyme activity did not correlate significantly with the daily quantity of alcohol consumption or the degree of liver injury reflected in elevations of serum aspartate aminotransferase. Repeat determination in 23 of the alcoholics after 2 weeks of supervised abstinence in an inpatient unit resulted in an increase in the enzyme activity to control levels. These findings show that the decreased activity of erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase which occurs in association with alcohol ingestion is not an inherent characteristic of alcoholism.
Biocatalysis in Non‐conventional Media

Originally published in: Biocatalysis. Andreas Sebastian Bommarius and Bettina R. Riebel. Copyright © 2004 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30344-1 The sections in this article are Introduction Enzymes in Organic Solvents Evidence for the Perceived Advantages of Biocatalysts in Organic Media Advantage 1: Enhancement of Solubility of Reactants Advantage 2: Shift of Equilibria in Organic Media Biphasic Reactors Advantage 3: Easier Separation Advantage 4: Enhanced Stability of Enzymes in Organic Solvents Advantage 5: Altered Selectivity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents State of Knowledge of Functioning of Enzymes in Solvents Range of Enzymes, Reactions, and Solvents The Importance of Water in Enzyme Reactions in Organic Solvents Exchange of Water Molecules between Enzyme Surface and Bulk Organic Solvent Relevance of Water Activity Physical Organic Chemistry of Enzymes in Organic Solvents Active Site and Mechanism Flexibility of Enzymes in Organic Solvents Polarity and Hydrophobicity of Transition State and Binding Site Correlation of Enzyme Performance with Solvent Parameters Control through Variation of Hydrophobocity: log P Concept Correlation of Enantioselectivity with Solvent Polarity and Hydrophobicity Optimal Handling of Enzymes in Organic Solvents Enzyme Memory in Organic Solvents Low Activity in Organic Solvents Compared to Water Enhancement of Selectivity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents Novel Reaction Media for Biocatalytic Transformations Substrate as Solvent (Neat Substrates): Acrylamide from Acrylonitrile with Nitrile Hydratase Supercritical Solvents Ionic Liquids Emulsions [Manufacture of Phosphatidylglycerol (PG)] Microemulsions Liquid Crystals Ice-Water Mixtures High-Density Eutectic Suspensions High-Density Salt Suspensions Solid-to-Solid Syntheses Solvent as a Parameter for Reaction Optimization (“Medium Engineering”) Change of Substrate Specificity with Change of ReactionM: Specificity of Serine Proteases Change of Regioselectivity by Organic Solvent Medium Solvent Control of Enantiospecificity of Nifedipines Keywords: biocatalysis in non-conventional media; enzyme memory; activity of enzymes in organic solvents; selectivity of enzymes in organic solvents; neat substrates; acrylamide; acrylonitrile; nitrile hydratase; supercritical solvents; phosphatidylglycerol (PG); medium engineering; serine proteases; regioselectivity; enantiospecificity; nifedipines
Using the residual area criterion for signal reconstruction from noiseless and noisy samples

We consider reconstruction of a signal from a univariate data set. A problem that is often observed using existing techniques is overshoots between data samples. We propose a criterion, called the residual area criterion, which addresses this problem. The curve of minimum arc length that interpolates the data is the piecewise linear curve connecting the data points. Our criterion is to minimize the /spl Lscr//sup 2/ distance to this curve from the chosen set of functions. We discuss the use of this criterion for both noisy and noiseless samples. The main point of our paper is that a significant improvement is realized by minimizing our criterion rather than requiring continuity of high order derivatives (which is the usual method employed for noiseless data) or minimizing curvature (which is the usual criterion for noisy data). A comparison of our method to existing methods is included.
Sexual Function, Activity, and Satisfaction among Women Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Summary Background and objectives Past studies that demonstrated that sexual dysfunction is common among women receiving chronic hemodialysis did not distinguish sexual dysfunction/difficulty from sexual inactivity. This study sought to differentiate these in order to elucidate the prevalence of true “sexual dysfunction” in this population. Design, setting, participants, & measurements As part of a clinical trial of symptom management strategies in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, female sexual function was prospectively assessed monthly for 6 months and quarterly thereafter using the Female Sexual Function Index, to which questions were added differentiating sexual dysfunction/difficulty from sexual inactivity. Beginning in month 7, patients were asked three questions about sexual activity, difficulty, and satisfaction monthly. Results Of the women enrolled in the clinical trial,125 participants completed 1721 assessments between 2009 and 2011. Scores on 574 of 643 (89%) quarterly Female Sexual Function Index assessments were consistent with sexual dysfunction, due largely to sexual inactivity, which was reported on 525 (82%) quarterly assessments. When reported ( n =1663), the most frequently described reasons for sexual inactivity were lack of interest in sex ( n =715; 43%) and lack of a partner ( n =647; 39%), but rarely sexual difficulty ( n =36; 2%). When reported ( n =1582), women were moderately to very satisfied with their sexual life on 1020 (64%) assessments and on 513 of 671 (76%) assessments in which lack of interest was cited as a reason for sexual inactivity. Women indicated an interest in learning about the causes of and treatment for sexual dysfunction on just 5% of all assessments. Conclusions Although many women receiving chronic hemodialysis are sexually inactive, few describe sexual difficulty. Most, including those with a lack of interest in sex, are satisfied with their sexual life and few wish to learn about treatment options. These findings suggest that true sexual dysfunction is uncommon in this population and that treatment opportunities are rare.
A convenient MnIII starting material for the synthesis of homo- and heterometallic manganese carboxylate clusters: Mn9 and Mn10−xFex complexes

Abstract The use of a convenient source of MnIII ions, namely the [Mn(OR)(O2CR′)2]n (R = H, Me, and R′ = Me, But) family of 1-D coordination polymers, afforded two new enneanuclear and decanuclear molecular clusters, homometallic [Mn9O7(O2CBut)13(MeCN)2] (3) and heterometallic [Mn10−xFex(OMe)20(O2CMe)10] (x
Optimal Signal Processing for Brain–Machine Interfaces

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Overview of BMI Approaches/Models Characteristics of Neural Recordings Modeling Problem Examples Performance Discussion References
New Carboniferous species of Hippocardia (Rostroconchia, Mollusca) from the Midcontinent, USA

Three new species of Hippocardia, H. ancora, H. pala, and H. cucullata, are described. Hippocardia ancora and H. pala occur together in the Lazy Bend Formation (Desmoinesian) of Texas. Hippocardia cucullata occurs in the Imo Formation (Chesterian) of Arkansas.
Developing shortage of physicians.

Great attention is being paid these days to the American health system. Solutions are being considered for insurance reform, broader access, more efficient systems of care, better outcomes, and cost management. However, there is another trend, perhaps less well recognized, that has the potential to impact severely on the ability to improve any of these outcomes; i.e. a growing evidence that a severe shortage of physicians is developing.
Test Pattern Generation Methods and Algorithms

Test vectors are generated for post manufacturing test of a digital system. Because of the complexity of digital systems, the size of necessary tests, and test quality factors, automatic methods are used for generation of test patterns. This process is referred to as automatic test pattern generation (ATPG). For a circuit under test (CUT), test pattern generation must be due to the testing of the circuit as thoroughly as possible, and in the shortest possible time.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis following Laser in situ Keratomileusis

Purpose: We report a case of a patient with a history of glomerulonephropathy, not disclosed prior to laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), who developed severe postoperative peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) soon after surgery. Method: Case report. Results: Within a week of surgery, the patient, who had no blepharitis or ocular surface disease, also developed diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) that was not contiguous with the PUK. Microbiologic evaluation of the flap interface disclosed no organisms, and no epithelial ingrowth was found. Both PUK and DLK resolved with topical and oral steroid therapy, and the patient's induced refractive error improved over the 12 months following LASIK. Conclusions: Necrotizing keratitis has been described after LASIK surgery in patients with or without autoimmune disease. However, to our knowledge, there has been no case of PUK following LASIK. As shown by our patient's clinical course and the typical association of PUK with systemic conditions, patients with a history of atypical postinfectious sequelae may require additional preoperative counseling, vigilant postoperative monitoring, and possibly additional intervention. Because patients do not always divulge medical details, especially if an extraocular site was involved or illness occurred many years prior, this case demonstrates the importance of performing a diligent history that excludes autoimmune disorders or atypical postinfectious sequelae prior to proceeding with keratorefractive intervention.
Fuzzy methodology for taxonomy and knowledge base design

This paper summarizes the research results dealing with washer and nut taxonomy and knowledge base design, making the use of fuzzy methodology. In particular, the theory of fuzzy membership functions, similarity matrices, and the operation of fuzzy inference play important roles. A realistic set of 25 washers and nuts are employed to conduct extensive experiments and simulations. The investigation includes a complete demonstration of engineering design. The results obtained from this feasibility study are very encouraging indeed because they represent the lower bound with respect to performance, namely correct recognition rate, of what fuzzy methodology can do. This lower bound shows high recognition rate even with noisy input patterns, robustness in terms of noise tolerance, and simplicity in hardware implementation. Possible future works are suggested in the conclusion.
S9.4 International AIDS policy choices for a changing financing landscape

Background In 2009, AIDS financing fell for the first time, reflecting the global financial crisis and shifting health and development priorities. In this context, future international AIDS policy must focus on efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability. Efficiency The surge of financing for AIDS over the last decade has sometimes led to sub-optimal efficiency. There is an urgent need to improve allocative efficiency, by ensuring resources are allocated for the best proven and most relevant interventions among the right groups in the right geographic areas. AIDS responses globally are beset by mismatches between investments and epidemiological context and program choices. There is also a need to improve technical efficiency, so that selected interventions are delivered at scale, for the lowest cost. Several studies show how the same services in the same context in the same country can vary by several orders of magnitude. In a resource constrained future, such variances must be reduced and technical efficiency constantly improved. Integration of health-related HIV services and other health services may also yield greater efficiencies. Effectiveness In concentrated epidemics, particularly among sex workers, where we have well validated interventions, our major priorities are to improve allocative and technical efficiency, so we direct our resources towards effective interventions for priority populations. In generalised epidemics, we need to strengthen our evidence of what works. Beyond male circumcision, we have limited proven interventions to reduce general population adult sexual transmission. We also need to move from efficacy to effectiveness, demonstrating that proven approaches can have real world effect at scale. We need to strengthen the middle-ground between randomised control trials and observation, by using quasi-experimental techniques to construct robust counterfactuals—that is, what would have happened without the counterfactual. We also need to make biological end-points, primarily HIV incidence or credible incidence proxy measures. Sustainability We must move from an emergency response to longer-term sustainability. This will include increasing and diversifying domestic resource mobilisation, especially in middle-income countries and diversifying the sources of international financing. Services that are related to AIDS but also related to other elements of the health sector, such as blood safety and universal precautions will increasingly be financed from overall health sector resources. Conclusion We must urgently re-position the global AIDS response, guided by the drive for greater efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability—we have no time to lose.
The advantages of, and constraints forcing, mate fidelity in pinyon jays.

Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus ) live in flocks composed primarily of pairs and their offspring. The authors describe characteristics of 107 pair bonds. Pair bonds appear to be monogamous, perennial, and last an average of 2.5 yr. Males average 1.63 mates/lifetime and females average 1.43. Males initiate breeding at an average of 2 yr, and females at an average age of 1.56 yr. Initial bonds formed between morphologically similar jays lasted significantly longer than those formed between disparate-size jays. Pairs had emergent properties that could not be accounted for by considering only properties of the mated individuals. Annual reproductive productivity did not vary significantly with duration of pair bonds.
Response of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Ultrasound When Resting, Feeding, Courting, Mating, or Ovipositing,

When bollworm moths, Heliothis spp., were confined in large cages, 63% did not react to electronically pulsed ultrasound while they were resting, feeding, mating, or ovipositing. However, about 50% of those in the midst of the courtship display (male's wings fluttering with valves extended or wiping the supporting surface with the tuft of scales on the abdominal tip; females with wings extended and ovipositor extruded) ceased these activities and assumed a rest posture. When the moths were exposed to several trains of pulsed ultrasound, many of those reacting became habituated to the sound within 2 min or less and then continued their sexual activities irrespective of stimulation; a few did not become habituated even after 20–30 exposures, and fully one-half continued to respond to sound stimuli. Similar moth responses were obtained when the moths were confined in large cages with flying bats emitting echolocating cries (pulses of ultrasound). The moths habituated to the trains of bat cries within 2 min, and silent periods of 10 min or more were necessary before they recovered from habituation.
Abstract A80: The Affordable Care Act dependent coverage expansion and cancer stage at diagnosis among young adults in the United States

Objective: To examine whether the proportion of cancers diagnosed at early stage has increased after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act-Dependent Coverage Expansion provision (ACA-DCE) in 2010, which allows young adults to be covered under their parents9 health insurance plan until age 26. Methods: A total of 44,669 young adults, including 12,016 aged 19-25 and 32,653 aged 26-34, newly diagnosed with cancer in 2007-2009 and 2011-2012 were identified from the 18 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). We conducted a difference-in-differences analysis to examine changes in the proportion of stage I disease in young cancer patients aged 19-25 from 2007-2009 (pre-ACA-DCE) to 2011-2012 (post-ACA-DCE), using the corresponding changes in patients aged 26-34 as a control group. Both unadjusted and adjusted linear probability models were fitted for total cancer cases and specific cancer sites controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, absolute age at diagnosis, urban/rural residence, marital status at diagnosis and county-level education. Results: The uninsured rate (95% confidence interval [95 CI]) in cancer patents aged 19-25 years decreased from 9.9 (8.4, 9.8) % pre-ACA-DCE to 7.7 (6.9, 8.4) % post-ACA-DCE, while it increased from 6.6 (6.2, 6.9) % to 7.2 (6.8, 7.7) % in patients aged 26-34 years. The proportion of stage I disease (95 CI) increased from 51.6 (50.4, 52.8) % to 54.0 (52.9, 55.4) % in patients aged 19-25 years, whereas it decreased from 55.1 (54.4, 55.8) % to 54.9 (54.0, 55.7) % in patients aged 26-34 years, resulting in a net change of 2.6 (0.5, 4.7) percentage-points (P = 0.0155). The net change in multivariate analysis was 2.7 (0.6, 4.8) percentage-points (P=0.0123). When analysis was stratified by specific cancer site, significant changes were confined to carcinoma of cervix and uterus and cases with Osseous & Chondromatous Neoplasms, with an adjusted net change of 11.23 (0.67, 21.79) percentage-points (P=0.0371) and 14.39 (0.3, 28.5) percentage-points (P=0.0453), respectively. Conclusions: These early observations suggest positive benefits of the ACA-DCE in cancer stage at diagnosis among young adults 19-25 years old. Monitoring cancer outcomes in populations targeted by the ACA will be important for assessing the short- and long-term effects of the policy on population health. Citation Format: Ka Zang Xiong, Ahmedin Jemal, Xuesong Han. The Affordable Care Act dependent coverage expansion and cancer stage at diagnosis among young adults in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A80.
Determination of antimonyIII,antimonyV and hydrogen peroxide in the oxidized antimony white solution by hydrogen peroxide

An analytical method for determining hydrogen peroxide,Sb and Sb was introduced in the oxidized antimony white solution by hydrogen peroxide. According to the double especial property of H_2O_2,this method can be divided into three parts.First,the total amounts of hydrogen peroxide and Sb was determined by ceriometry.Second,the difference of hydrogen peroxide and Sb was determined by iodometry.Third,the total amounts of antimony was also determined by ceriometry at the nearly boiling temperature.At last,the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide,Sb and Sb were calculated by the formulas.The influences of titration temperature,ratio of H_2O_2/Sb and the dosage of NaHCO_3 on analytical results were discussed.The method has been applied for the determination of Sb, Sb and H_2O_2 in the oxidized antimony white solution by hydrogen peroxide, and the relative standard deviations were 0.25%, 0.28%, 0.38% and the recoveries were 100.6%-102.5%, 97.5%-99.5%, 98.6%-99.1%, respectively.
The Bible and Literature: The Basics

The Bible and Literature: The Basics provides an interpretive framework for understanding the significance of biblical allusions in literature—even for readers who have little prior knowledge of the Bible. In doing so, it surveys the Bible’s influence on a broad range of English, American, and other Anglophone literatures from a variety of historical periods. It also: offers a "greatest hits" tour of the Bible focuses as much on 20th- and 21st-century literatures as on earlier periods addresses the Bible’s relevance to contemporary issues in literary criticism such as poststructuralist, postcolonial, feminist, queer, and narrative theories includes discussion questions for each chapter and annotated suggestions for further reading This book explains why readers need a basic knowledge of the Bible in order to understand and appreciate key aspects of Anglophone literary traditions.
Abstract 68: Neuroblastoma drug response profiles are associated with gene expression profiles

Background: High risk neuroblastoma patients have a poor response to initial chemotherapy, with 20% unable to achieve a complete response. Genomic studies have identified 6 targeted agents whose pathways have been identified in some high risk neuroblastoma tumors. The low frequency of established driver mutations, along with the variety of molecular mechanisms for cancer pathway dysregulation, suggest development of gene expression-based predictive biomarkers in addition to sequence-based biomarkers. Our platform for developing gene expression-based biomarkers includes primary neuroblastoma cell lines, high throughput quantification of cell survival, exome sequencing, and genome-wide expression profiling. Methods: Cell survival was quantified for each of thirty primary neuroblastoma cell lines in the presence of each of six drugs (bortezomib, crizotinib, dasatinib, lapatinib, sorafenib, and vorinostat) using high throughput cell survival measurements. Titration curves were based on treatment with vehicle as well as sixteen concentrations of each drug (replicated within and between plates). Summary descriptions of the response of each cell line to each drug were obtained using the four parameter logistic model as well as the area under the curve. Exome sequences were obtained using Illumina HiSeq technology. Genome-wide expression profiles were obtained using Affymetrix GeneChip technology. Inference was based on parametric univariate and non-parametric multivariate tests. Results: For three of the drugs (bortezomib, dasatinib, and vorinostat) the variation in response between cell lines was statistically significant (p Conclusion: High throughput cell survival measurements provided for identification of predictive biomarkers of neuroblastoma drug sensitivity. These biomarkers are currently being studied in the PEDS-PLAN (Pediatric Precision Laboratory Advanced Neuroblastoma Therapy) clinical trial. Citation Format: Jeffrey P. Bond, Elizabeth VanSickle, Thomas S. Dexhemier, Richard R. Neubig, Giselle L. Sholler. Neuroblastoma drug response profiles are associated with gene expression profiles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 68.
From information to predictability: transparency on the path to democratic governance. The case of Romania

This article proposes a new conceptual framework for assessing transparency at the country level. It identifies three distinct interpretations of transparency: access to information; two-way commun...
Parental sleep quality and behavior problems of children with autism

This study explored the impact of parental sleep quality on the experience of behavior problems by children with autism spectrum disorder. A 14-day daily diary was used in a sample of 176 mother-father couples. Dyadic multilevel models were conducted to examine the between-person and within-person effects of previous-night sleep quality on parents' rating of level of behavior problems by the child with autism spectrum disorder and level of positive and negative affect. Results indicated that persistently poor sleep quality was associated with between-person differences in initial rating of level of behavior problems by the child with autism spectrum disorder for mothers. At a within-person level, previous-night sleep quality moderated the association between rating of level of behavior problems by the child with autism spectrum disorder and level of positive and negative affect in fathers. Child-related stressors exerted less influence on fathers' affect following a day with poor sleep quality. Interventions aimed at enhancing sleep quality in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder may have important effects on parental psychological well-being.
Dissociative recombination of HCl+, H2Cl+, DCl+, and D2Cl+ in a flowing afterglow.

Dissociative recombination of electrons with HCl+, H2Cl+, DCl+, and D2Cl+ has been measured under thermal conditions at 300, 400, and 500 K using a flowing afterglow–Langmuir probe apparatus. Measurements for HCl+ and DCl+ employed the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS) method, while those for H2Cl+ and D2Cl+ employed both VENDAMS and the more traditional technique of monitoring electron density as a function of reaction time. At 300 K, HCl+ and H2Cl+ recombine with kDR = 7.7±2.14.5 × 10−8 cm3 s−1 and 2.6 ± 0.8 × 10−7 cm3 s−1, respectively, whereas D2Cl+ is roughly half as fast as H2Cl+ with kDR = 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−7 cm3 s−1 (2σ confidence intervals). DCl+ recombines with a rate coefficient below the approximate detection limit of the method (≲5 × 10−8 cm3 s−1) at all temperatures. Relatively slow dissociative recombination rates have been speculated to be responsible for the large HCl+ and H2Cl+ abundances in interstellar clouds compared to current astrochemical mod...
Dental anxiety: An understudied problem in youth

Dental anxiety and dental phobia typically emerge during childhood; the associated avoidance of dental care can result in oral health problems and is associated with lower quality of life. In this review, we discuss the definition of dental phobia and dental anxiety and issues related to their differentiation. We then review the literature on dental anxiety and dental phobia, including its prevalence, assessment, and sequalae. Moreover, we provide a synthesis of findings on the etiology and maintenance of dental phobia and propose a comprehensive cognitive behavioral model to guide further study. We also present a systematic qualitative and a quantitative review of the treatment literature, concluding that although we have made strides in learning how to prevent dental anxiety in youth, the methods effective in preventing anxiety may not be equally effective in treating youth with dental phobia. We propose a multidisciplinary approach, including those with expertise in pediatric anxiety as well as pediatric dentistry, is likely required to move forward.
Kidney Transplantation in the Elderly

Abstract An ever-increasing proportion of elderly patients are receiving renal replacement therapies for end stage renal disease (ESRD) and this age group represents the fastest growing population being placed on the kidney waiting list. Unfortunately, almost half of these candidates will die before receiving a kidney transplant. Older donor and recipient age are important prognostic factors in kidney transplantation. Recipient age remains a major risk factor for mortality following transplant, with the risk of death increasing proportionately with advanced age and specific comorbidities. Unlike younger patients, death with a functioning graft is the primary cause of graft failure in the elderly. Consequently, death-censored analyses have demonstrated comparable graft survival rates irrespective of recipient age. Although the value of using deceased donor organs for transplantation in the elderly has been questioned, recent literature suggests that donor and recipient age-matched kidney transplantation in appropriately selected elderly recipients is medically and ethically warranted compared to dialysis for the treatment of ESRD.
Motion estimation for cardiac functional analysis using two x-ray computed tomography scans.

Purpose This work concerns computed tomography (CT)-based cardiac functional analysis (CFA) with a reduced radiation dose. As CT-CFA requires images over the entire heartbeat, the scans are often performed at 10–20% of the tube current settings that are typically used for coronary CT angiography. A large image noise then degrades the accuracy of motion estimation. Moreover, even if the scan was performed during the sinus rhythm, the cardiac motion observed in CT images may not be cyclic with patients with atrial fibrillation. In this study, we propose to use two CT scan data, one for CT angiography at a quiescent phase at a standard dose and the other for CFA over the entire heart beat at a lower dose. Methods We have made the following four modifications to an image-based cardiac motion estimation method we have previously developed for a full-dose retrospectively-gated coronary CT angiography: (1) A full-dose prospectively-gated coronary CT angiography image acquired at the least motion phase was used as the reference image; (2) a three-dimensional median filter was applied to lower-dose retrospectively-gated cardiac images acquired at 20 phases over one heartbeat in order to reduce image noise; (3) the strength of the temporal regularization term was made adaptive; and (4) a one-dimensional temporal filter was applied to the estimated motion vector field in order to decrease jaggy motion patterns. We call the conventional method iME1 and the proposed method iME2 in this paper. Five observers assessed the accuracy of the estimated motion vector field of iME2 and iME1 using a 4-point scale. The observers repeated the assessment with data presented in a new random order one week after the first assessment session. Results The study confirmed that the proposed iME2 was robust against the mismatch of noise levels, contrast enhancement levels, and shapes of the chambers. There was a statistically significant difference between iME2 and iME1 (accuracy score, 2.08±0.81 versus 2.77±0.98, P<0.01) and the improvement by the score of +0.69 seemed clinically relevant. Inter-observer concordance was good: The inter-class correlation coefficient was 0.63 and Kendall's rank correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.41–0.67 (P<0.01) respectively. Intra-observer reproducibility between sessions was good with the inter-class correlation coefficient of 0.76. Conclusion We have proposed iME2 method for CT-CFA with two CT scans. The observer study verified the robustness and accuracy of iME2 method and its improved performance over iME1 method. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A resilient design for cyber physical systems under attack

One challenge for engineered cyber physical systems (CPSs) is the possibility for a malicious intruder to change the data transmitted across the cyber channel as a means to degrade the performance of the physical system. In this paper, we consider a data injection attack on a cyber physical system. We propose a hybrid framework for detecting the presence of an attack and operating the plant in spite of the attack. Our method uses an observer-based detection mechanism and a passivity balance defense framework in the hybrid architecture. By switching the controller, passivity and exponential stability are established under the proposed framework.
The Influence of Prototypical Communication in Dark Online Organizations: How to Speak Like a Monger:

A key obstacle for dark organizations is negotiating who is and is not a member. Following the social identity approach, this study explores the impact of prototypical communication, through code w...
Abstract 15003: Prevalence of Coronary Sinus and Left Circumflex Artery Overlap: Considerations for Percutaneous Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation

Background: Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation using an indirect percutaneous approach through the coronary sinus has been under development. Therefore, detailed characterization of where the circumflex artery tends to cross between the coronary sinus and the mitral valve is important for the prevention of serious arterial complications. Methods: Magnetic resonance images were obtained for 65 perfusion-fixed human hearts. Using Mimics Software (Materlise, Leuven, Belgium), reconstructions of the anatomical orientations of the coronary sinus, circumflex artery, and mitral valve annulus were generated. The prevalence and location of sites where the circumflex artery coursed between the coronary sinus and mitral valve were assessed. Results: Overall, the circumflex coursed between the coronary sinus and mitral valve in 88% of specimens. The figure depicts where these overlaps most often occurred. More specifically, the figure shows the percentage of specimens with an overlap in specific anatomical regions of the mitral valve. In addition, the coronary sinus did not lie in the plane of the mitral annulus in roughly 20% of the hearts in this study. Conclusions: In general, overlaps between the circumflex artery and coronary sinus are less prevalent more proximal to the coronary sinus ostium. This suggests considerations for the development of an annuloplasty device that would be delivered in the proximal region of the coronary sinus. The results of this study also stress the importance of imaging individual patient cardiac anatomy before performing indirect percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty to avoid impairment to the circumflex artery.
A review of racial disparities in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): accessibility, referrals and implantation

Racial disparities in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) implantation results from several factors, including socioeconomic disparities, inherent biases in healthcare provision, fewer referrals to specialists and language barriers in some minority populations. In this review article, we discuss the current data on the racial disparities in TAVR, explore the prevalence of aortic stenosis in different demographics in the United States and we proffer practical solutions to these problems.
Dynamic Embeddings for Language Evolution

Word embeddings are a powerful approach for unsupervised analysis of language. Recently, Rudolph et al. developed exponential family embeddings, which cast word embeddings in a probabilistic framework. Here, we develop dynamic embeddings, building on exponential family embeddings to capture how the meanings of words change over time. We use dynamic embeddings to analyze three large collections of historical texts: the U.S. Senate speeches from 1858 to 2009, the history of computer science ACM abstracts from 1951 to 2014, and machine learning papers on the ArXiv from 2007 to 2015. We find dynamic embeddings provide better fits than classical embeddings and capture interesting patterns about how language changes.
Nascent Capital Flows, Learning, and Chilean-Type Controls

The recent experience of East Asia has shown the severe impact that sharp interruptions or reversals in the flow of external private capital can have on the economies of the recipient countries. There is still discussion on the relative importance of external factors (such as excessive lending, contagion, and heard behavior) versus domestic factors (such as deficient financial regulation and supervision, politicization of credit allocation, and rigidity in exchange-rate policy).1 But whether countries were at fault or were innocent victims of a priori unjustified panic by foreign investors, the impact of abrupt changes in investors sentiments is likely to be more severe when the country in question has a large stock of short-term debt to start with.2
The Moduli Space of n+1 Points in Complex Hyperbolic n-Space

The structure of the space of orbits of PU(n, 1) acting on (n+1)-tuples of points in complex hyperbolic space is characterized in terms of side lengths and angular invariants. The more general situation in which some of the points lie on the boundary of complex hyperbolic space is described in terms of other basic invariants.
Availability of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera to the eastern Bering Sea trawl survey and its effect on estimates of survey biomass

Abstract Availability of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera to the National Marine Fisheries Service eastern Bering Sea trawl survey, rather than trawl sampling efficiency, is proposed as the primary reason for relatively high annual variability of biomass estimates in this region, including most recently, a 48% increase from 2015 to 2016. The main hypothesis presented here is that temperature-mediated differences in the timing of spring-summer spawning migrations to unavailable nearshore spawning grounds, affect survey biomass estimates. Colder bottom temperatures delay both migrations and spawning, causing higher proportions of mature individuals to reside in the unavailable nearshore grounds at the time of annual survey (June–July). Indicators of this scenario include decreases of mature fish proportions and decreases in mean overall fish lengths during colder years when biomass was less than expected. Further evidence includes differences in spatial distribution between warm and cold years, and spatial shifts away from nearshore areas between early June and July–August sampling during which catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased and proportion of females increased. That neither of these spatial shifts nor temperature-CPUE relationships occurred for northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, a species of similar morphology and abundance, and overlapping spatial distribution, suggests that temperature-mediated trawl sampling efficiency was not a major contributing factor for yellowfin sole. We have also found a positive relationship between survey biomass estimates and survey start times, reinforcing that availability is a function of timing. The addition of survey start time to the catchability (q) parameter within the current stock assessment model significantly improved model fits to abundance data.
Dissecting Cell Lineages: From Microscope to Kaleidoscope.

Single-cell transcriptomics coupled with dynamic two-color fluorescence are used by Gehart et al. (2019) to elucidate adult mammalian cell trajectories in real time. The authors' close examination of intestinal enteroendocrine differentiation reveals new lineage features and shifting cell identities, and experiments in organoids uncover specific roles for transcriptional regulators identified by this approach.
Concrete under fire: an assessment through intelligent pattern recognition

Concrete, a naturally resilient material, often undergoes a series of physio-chemical degradations once exposed to extreme environments (e.g., elevated temperatures). Under such conditions, not only concrete weakens, but also becomes vulnerable to fire-induced spalling; a complex and exceptionally random phenomenon. Despite serious efforts carried out over the past few years, we continue to be short of developing a methodical procedure that enables accurate assessment of concrete under elevated temperatures with due consideration to fire-induced spalling. Unlike traditional works, this study aims at investigating fire behavior of concrete through a modern perspective. In this study, a number of intelligent pattern recognition (IPR) techniques that capitalize on artificial intelligence (AI) are applied to derive expressions able of accurately trace the response of normal and high strength as well as high performance concretes under elevated temperatures. These expressions take into account geometric, material, and specific features of structural components to examine fire response as well as to predict occurrence of fire-induced spalling in concrete structures. These expressions were developed through rigorous and data-driven analysis of actual fire tests and were derived to implicitly account for physio-chemical transformations in concrete and as such do not require collection/input of temperature-dependent material properties nor special analysis/simulation. This study also features the development of an IPR-based database and fire assessment software that can be used to examine fire performance of concrete members and be regularly updated as to continually improve the accuracy of the proposed expressions.
Radical Privatization and Other Libertarian Conundrums

A conundrum is a seeming logical contradiction, one that can actually be solved, or resolved. Perhaps the most famous example in theology is the following challenge: can God create a stone so big that even He cannot lift it. Either way, the case for religion loses out, at least at first glance. If God can create such a big stone, all well and good for Him; however, then, as He cannot also lift it, there can be no such thing as a Higher Power. On the other hand, if God is unable to create so heavy an object, then the case for belief in Him is dashed from the very start. For He cannot be truly omnipotent, since here is something He cannot do.
Beyond proximity: Extending the “greening hypothesis” in the context of vacant lot stewardship

Abstract Research increasingly shows that greening activity can spur contagious or imitative behavior among nearby neighbors within residential landscapes. Krusky et al. (2015) examined this phenomenon in the context of vacant lots and found support for a “greening hypothesis” that residential yards near vacant lots that were converted to community gardens exhibited higher levels of care than yards near untended vacant lots. Although such activity implies a temporal, causal relationship, research to date has only tested the spatial dimension of greening through correlational measures of proximity assessed at one point in time. We extend this work by analyzing vacant lot greening as a function of time, space, scale of analysis, and other factors. We studied residential property owners (N = 321) who purchased nearby city-owned vacant lots through the Chicago Large Lot Program. Improvements made in the condition and care of large lots in the year after purchase were positively related to the proximity, condition and care of the individual’s previously owned property, and signs of use and care of the lot before purchase (blotting). We also examined whether block-level indicators of care and disorder were associated with improvements made to lots purchased on the block. We found few associations but discovered these same block-level indicators of care and disorder more strongly predicted the percent of large lots sold on that block, suggesting that greening activity may be bidirectional. These findings expand understanding of the dynamics of vacant lot stewardship and have implications for building more robust theories of urban greening.