cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marine Slope Stability — A Geological Approach

On one hand, the literature of marine slope instability and marine slides is voluminous. Extensive bibliographies are given in the many papers comprising this volume. On the other hand, basic information available to geoscientists on how marine slides or slope instability can be investigated is widely scattered. This paper attempts to fill the gap by briefly discussing mthods for preliminary surveys, sampling, and analysis. Emphasis is placed on providing elementary information for geoscientists who might be starting geotechnical studies. More elegant or detailed treatments on this subject are available elsewhere in this volume and in the science and engineering literature.
A General Analytical Formulation for the Motional Parameters of Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators

This paper reports on a general analytical expression for the motional resistance ( $R_{m}$ ) of an arbitrary mode in a piezoelectric microelectromechanical system resonator with parallel plate electrode geometry. After applying simplifying assumptions and using analytical modes shapes, expressions for the $R_{m}$ of modes with out-of-plane flexure as the primary displacement are presented. These modes include free–free transverse beam flexure (TBF), unclamped disk flexure resonators (DFRs), and antisymmetric $A_{0}$ Lamb modes. For verification, $R_{m}$ is extracted from resonators fabricated in a lead zirconate titanate on silicon process. Predicted $R_{m}$ of TBF and DFR modes is validated using on-wafer extracted $e_{31}$ constants, analytical modal properties, and independently measured material properties.
Scorpius: The development of a new multi-pulse radiographic system

One of the original drivers behind the development of pulsed power was the need for short-pulse (flash) x-ray sources for hydrodynamic tests. These systems continue to be an important diagnostic for the evaluation of hydrodynamic phenomena. In the United States, three primary facilities provide this function: Flash X-Ray (FXR) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); and Cygnus at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). FXR and DARHT provide highly penetrating radiographic capabilities but are limited in the types of hydrodynamic experiments that can be performed, while Cygnus can support a larger range of experiments, but does not provide the same penetrating capability. To fill this gap in hydrodynamic experimental capability, the National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) has recently issued a set of high-level requirements describing a radiographic capability similar to that of DARHT, but located in a facility similar to Cygnus. In response to these requirements, a project called Scorpius has been developed as a joint partnership between LANL, LLNL, Sandia National Laboratory (SnL), and the NNSS. A key requirement is the delivery of multiple (2 or more) radiographic images along a single axis in a short time scale. This requirement effectively limits the possible system choices to a linear induction accelerator (LIA). However, there are several families of multi-pulse LIA architectures from which to choose. This paper describes the high-level system requirements for Scorpius as well as the evaluation of technologies and systems that might meet those requirements. In addition, the current preferred option and the initial conceptual designs are discussed.
Shop Till We Drop

The opening vignette describes the changing shopping scene. Choices in terms of what to buy, when to buy, and where to buy have exploded. Once individual producers—hunters, gatherers, farmers—had provided for their own personal and family needs, they used the excess to barter with others. Fairs and periodic markets acted as the early exchange sites which turned into more shopping outlets. The agora, for instance, served as a marketplace in early Greek history where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods.
Toward tightly coupled human interfaces

As we stand at the portal of the next millennium, I am both excited and terrified about the future. I feel that as a modern civilization we may have become intoxicated by technology, and find ourselves involved in enterprises that push technology and build stuff just because we can do it. At the same time we are confronted with a world that is increasing needful of vision and solutions for global problems relating to the environment,food,crime,terrorism and an aging population. In this information technology milieu, I find myself being an advocate for the human and working to make computing and information technology tools that extend our capabilities, unlock our intelligence and link our minds to solve these pervasive problems.
Perú y Colombia: violencia política y prospectos de democracia

The fragility of democracy in Peru and Colombia is intimately linked to the processes of political violence —and vice versa— experienced by both countries during the second half of the last century. This essay presents a historical review of the social and political transformations that unleashed two of the most violent episodes in Latin American history, emphasizing the role of peasant and urban movements, political organizations risen up in arms, armed forces and political parties. The political analysis of these processes is based on a critical reading on the heterogeneity of the Peruvian and Colombian societies, the impact of neoliberal structural reforms at the end of the Cold War, and the recovery of the role of the state in the establishment and implementation of institutional reforms that facilitate the resolution of conflicts in democracy.
UNIT 3.12 Endonucleases

Reaction conditions for a variety of endonucleases are detailed in this unit along with discussions of potential applications. Enzymes covered include BAL 31 nuclease, S1 nuclease, mung bean nuclease, micrococcal nuclease, and DNase I. A general discussion regarding the use of endonucleases to generate nonspecific breaks in dsDNA is also provided. For a detailed discussion of the endonucleases more typically associated with DNA damage repair (e.g., Endo III, IV, V and VIII of E. coli and human APE1), see unit 3.9. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 93:3.12.1-3.12.7. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: DNase I; mung bean nuclease; DNA fragmentation; next-generation DNA sequencing; micrococcal nuclease; MNase
FGF21 trafficking in intact human cells revealed by cryo-electron tomography with gold nanoparticles.

The fibroblast growth factor FGF21 was labeled with molecularly defined gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), applied to human adipocytes, and imaged by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Most AuNPs were in pairs about 80 A apart, on the outer cell surface. Pairs of AuNPs were also abundant inside the cells in clathrin-coated vesicles and endosomes. AuNPs were present but no longer paired in multivesicular bodies. FGF21 could thus be tracked along the endocytotic pathway. The methods developed here to visualize signaling coupled to endocytosis can be applied to a wide variety of cargo and may be extended to studies of other intracellular transactions.
A phase I/II trial of pazopanib alternating with bevacizumab in treatment-naïve metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) patients: Phase I results.

561Background: Pazopanib as single agent and bevacizumab plus interferon were approved for use in metastatic RCC (MRCC) based on their ability to modulate the vasculature and prolong progression fr...
Nests of Some African Megachilid Bees, with Description of a New Hoplitis (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

The purpose of this paper is to make known nests of several species of megachilid bees. Because it is not easy to obtain nesting data for any large number of species at one time, it is desirable to record such data when they are available even though they are rather miscellaneous. Only in this way can enough data be assembled to make possible, ultimately, a comprehensive treatment.
V08-06 VALIDATION OF A FULL-IMMERSION SIMULATION PLATFORM WITH PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR ROBOTIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (RARP) USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING AND HYDROGEL MOLDING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Surgical education is dependent on live patients for operative exposure and cultivation of surgical technique. Robotic assisted radical prostatectomy is a unique surgery...
Quality Control in Audit Firms: Do Auditors Learn from Going Concern Errors?

This study examines whether auditors use their own going-concern opinion (GCO) errors (i.e., endogenous, results-based audit-quality signals) as audit-quality signals, and whether they use those signals to make adjustments in their subsequent office-wide audit quality. We argue (along with the PCAOB) that GCO errors signal potentially undesirable conservatism levels by auditors, and hence undesirable levels of audit quality. Auditors who recognize this should be able use GCO errors for quality-control purposes. We specifically examine whether auditors adjust their office-wide conservatism (i.e., audit quality) in response to changes in the number of Type I or Type II GCO errors observed in their office in a given period. Using several measures of auditor conservatism (signed abnormal accruals, likelihood of GCO, and subsequent GCO errors) we find evidence that auditors systematically decrease (increase) their office-wide conservatism levels subsequent to increases (decreases) in Type I errors. We also find evidence that auditors systematically increase (decrease) their office-wide conservatism levels subsequent to increases (decreases) in Type II errors. These results suggest that auditors use observable audit-quality signals for real-time quality-control purposes.
Party Institutionalization and Legislative Organization: The Evolution of Agenda Power in the Polish Parliament

This paper examines conditions under which parties in parliamentary government establish dominance over the legislative process. We focus on two aspects of this dominance: negative agenda control and legislative success. We argue that the logic of organizing a legislature for majority control is conditional on features of institutionalized parties. To examine this question, we examine the evolution of the Polish Sejm, a case that emerged from a transition to democracy with a weak and fragile party system yet with strong formal legislative institutions that give influence to individual MPs and opposition parties. Using roll call votes and bills submitted during four terms of the Polish Sejm (1997-2011) in conjunction with interviews with MPs, we examine how changes in the party system have influenced the government’s use of legislative institutions to establish majoritarian control over the legislature. We argue that, in contrast to governments formed by the transitional parties that ultimately collapsed, governments led by more institutionalized parties were able to effectively delegate power to the their leadership to pursue collective party goals and to reduce the opposition’s legislative influence. With better-organized, more programmatic and more stable parties, governments can establish increasingly strong control over legislative institutions— even during periods of cabinet crisis.
Are Low Price and Price Matching Guarantees Equivalent? The Effects of Different Price Guarantees on Consumers’ Evaluations

Abstract Some retailers offer price match guarantees, whereas others offer guarantees making the same promise but labeling these low-price guarantees. Do consumers respond differently to these different price guarantee labels? To address this research question, this paper leverages insights from pricing, signaling, and regulatory focus theories to demonstrate – across multiple studies – that consumers perceive price match versus low price guarantees differently. In turn, contingent on consumers’ regulatory focus, this difference in perceptions feeds forward and influences consumers’ purchase intentions and post purchase (e.g., repurchase) intentions. This paper contributes to theory, not only by showing differences across price match versus low price guarantees, but also by being the first to jointly examine purchase and post purchase intentions relating to price guarantees. This paper also speaks to practice, noting contingencies that determine whether the price match or the low-price guarantee label should be used.
Physical Education and the Individual Education Plan: A Checklist for Service Providers and Parents.

The purpose of this article is to share a validated IEP checklist for PE. This tool can be used by administrators, physical and adapted physical educators, parents, and specialists.
The SMARTER Trial: Design of a trial testing tailored mHealth feedback to impact self-monitoring of diet, physical activity, and weight.

Abstract Background Self-monitoring food intake and physical activity (PA) is positively related to weight loss and the addition of feedback (FB) messages has been shown to reinforce behavior change. Moreover, the more immediate the delivery of reinforcing FB messages, the more likely they will promote the desired behaviors. Purpose Describe design and rationale of SMARTER, a National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood (NHLBI)-sponsored randomized, controlled trial, which compares the differential efficacy of two weight loss treatments among 530 adults, ages 18 and older. Methods Single-site, 2-group design trial with subjects randomized 1:1 to either: 1) self-monitoring (SM), where participants self-monitor diet, PA, and weight using a commercial smartphone application (app); or 2) SM + FB, where participants self-monitor and receive real-time, tailored feedback (FB) as pop-up messages up to 3 times/day for 12 months. Daily FB messages address diet and PA behaviors and a weekly FB message addresses self-weighing. We hypothesize that subjects assigned to SM + FB will show greater weight loss at 6 and 12 months and greater sustained engagement in the program than the SM group, measured by adherence to the study's lifestyle and SM protocol. We will explore temporal relationships of the frequency, timing, and type of FB delivered and subsequent lifestyle behaviors through examination of serially collected real-time SM (diet, PA, weight) data over 12 months. Conclusions If efficacious, this fully scalable intervention could be efficiently translated and disseminated to reach large numbers of individuals through commercial apps at lower cost than existing in-person weight loss programs.
The Origins and Characteristics of Asthma

Asthma has become a common medical problem in the United States, especially among blacks. Wheezing is a frequently encountered pediatric problem. When wheezing is recurrent, asthma is an important consideration. Risk factors for pediatric asthma are strongly associated with genetics (parental) and being atopic. Adult-onset asthma is more common in females, but other risk factors, as seen in children, are not as strongly associative. Asthma many relapse after years of quiescence. Asthma is characterized by bronchoconstriction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, βadrenergic blockade, and inflammation. Pulmonary eosinophilia is a common feature of asthma. Increased exhaled nitric oxide is a marker of inflammation. Specific T-cell cytokines are unique to asthma, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. IL-13 may play an important role in asthma pathogenesis.
Room-temperature skyrmions in strain-engineered FeGe thin films

Skyrmions hold great promise for low-energy consumption and stable high-density information storage, and stabilization of the skyrmion lattice (SkX) phase at or above room temperature is greatly desired for practical use. The topological Hall effect can be used to identify candidate systems above room temperature, a challenging regime for direct observation by Lorentz electron microscopy. Atomically ordered FeGe thin films are grown epitaxially on Ge(111) substrates with $\ensuremath{\sim}4%$ tensile strain. Magnetic characterization reveals enhancement of the Curie temperature to 350 K due to strain, well above the bulk value of 278 K. A strong topological Hall effect was observed between 10 and 330 K, with a significant increase in magnitude observed at 330 K. The increase in magnitude occurs just below the Curie temperature, similar to the onset of the SkX phase in bulk FeGe. The results suggest that strained FeGe films may host a SkX phase above room temperature when significant tensile strain is applied.
A Phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study evaluating daily or weekly schedules of the humanized anti-GD2 antibody hu14.18K322A in recurrent/refractory solid tumors.

Hu14.18K322A is a humanized anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody with a single point mutation that reduces complement-mediated cytotoxicity, with a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 60 mg/m2 daily for 4 days...
Barrier Protection Use by Adolescents During Sexual Activity

Rates of sexual activity, pregnancies, and births among adolescents have continued to decline during the past decade to historic lows. Despite these positive trends, many adolescents remain at risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). When used consistently and correctly, latex and synthetic barrier methods reduce the risk of many STIs, including HIV, and pregnancy. This update of the 2013 policy statement is intended to assist pediatricians in understanding and supporting the use of barrier methods by their patients to prevent unintended pregnancies and STIs and address obstacles to their use.
Mechanisms of Long-Term Recurrence 3 Years After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Abstract Objectives This study explored the potential mechanisms of long-term recurrence (LTR) of atrial fibrillation (AF) 3 years after AF catheter ablation (AFCA). Background AF is a progressive disease, and the mechanism underlying long-term recurrence after AFCA is unclear. Methods Among 2,209 consecutive patients who underwent AFCA, 1,325 (age 59 ± 11 years, 72.5% male) who underwent regular rhythm follow-ups for >3 years were enrolled. Among them, 659 patients remained in sinus rhythm (SR), 327 recurred after 3 to 12 months (short-term recurrence [STR]), 235 after 1 to 3 years (mid-term recurrence [MTR]), and 104 after 3 years (long-term recurrence [LTR]). Two hundred-eighteen recurrent patients underwent repeat procedures: 112, 80, and 26 in the STR, MTR, and LTR groups, respectively. Results The pre-ablation left-atrial (LA) dimensions were larger in the STR (p Conclusions The LTR group had a similar baseline LA size and significantly lower LA voltage than the SR group. In the repeat procedures, the LTR group had fewer reconnected PVs, but extra PV triggers were more common than in the STR and MTR groups.
Chinese Semiconductor Industrial Policy: Prospects for Future Success

This paper, the second in a two-part series analyzing the Chinese semiconductor industry, attempts to answer two questions: First, why — in spite of 70 years of industrial planning efforts — can’t China make advanced semiconductors on par with the worldwide industry leaders? Second, what are China’s prospects for success with its current semiconductor industrial plans? This paper reviews the development of the semiconductor industries in Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea in the context of literature on latecomer strategies and compares their development with China’s efforts. The paper also considers China’s prospects for success. China’s current plans are well defined, with national champions focusing their efforts on targeted subsectors of the industry, but these efforts will not achieve their desired success due to a lack of human capital and intense international competition. The first paper from this two-part series can be found at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3441951
Influence of barbed epitendinous sutures combined with a core locking-loop suture to repair experimental flexor tendon lacerations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of barbed epitendinous sutures (ES) on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of repaired canine tendons. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo, experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eighty (n = 16/group) canine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT). METHODS: After transection, SDFT were repaired with a locking‐loop (LL) pattern alone (group 1), an LL + smooth ES with monofilament suture (group 2), an LL + V‐loc‐ES (group 3), an LL + Quill‐ES (group 4), or an LL + Stratafix‐ES (group 5). All core LL repairs were performed with 0 USP polypropylene, and all ES were placed with 2‐0 USP equivalent. Constructs were preloaded and tested to failure. Yield, peak, and failure loads; occurrence of gap formation; and failure modes were compared. RESULTS: Yield loads were greater for groups 2 and 5 (P < .0001). Peak and failure loads were greater when an ES was used (P < .005), especially for groups 2 and 5 (P < .0001). Groups with an ES required higher loads to generate 1‐ and 3‐mm gaps compared with specimens without an ES (P < .002). Force to create 1‐ and 3‐mm gaps was greater for group 5 (P < .0001) and groups 2 and 5 (P < .0001), respectively. Failure mechanism did not differ (P = .092) between ES groups, consisting of suture breakage in 51 of 64 constructs compared with pull‐through in seven of 16 group 1 constructs. CONCLUSION: Epitendinous suture placement improved the biomechanical properties of repaired tendons. Stratafix barbed suture performed better as an ES compared with other barbed sutures and similarly to monofilament suture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Stratafix barbed suture eliminates the requirement for knot tying and seems to be equivalent to smooth monofilament suture when used as an ES in this pattern.
Flexible Cyclic-Poly(phthalaldehyde)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend Fibers with Fast Daylight-Triggered Transience.

Cyclic-poly(phthalaldehyde) (cPPHA) exhibits photo-triggerable depolymerization on-demand for applications like the photolithography of microfabricated electronics. However, cPPHA is inherently brittle and thermally sensitive; both of these properties limit its usefulness as an engineering plastic. Prior to this report, small molecule plasticizers are added to cPPHA-based films to make the polymer more flexible. But plasticizers can eventually leach out of cPPHA, then leaving it increasingly more brittle throughout product lifetime. In this research, a new approach to fabricating flexible cPPHA blends for use as spun fibers is achieved through the incorporation of poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) by a modified wet spinning method. Among blend compositions, the 50/50 cPPHA/PCL fiber shows fast transience (<50 s) in response to daylight while retaining the flexibility of PCL and mechanical properties of an elastomer (i.e., tensile strength of ≈8 MPa, Young's modulus of ≈118 MPa, and elongation at break of ≈190%). Embedding 2 wt% gold nanoparticles to cPPHA can further improve the transience rate of fibers comprising less than 50% cPPHA. These flexible, daylight-triggerable cPPHA/PCL fibers can be applied to an extensive range of applications, such as wearable electronics, intelligent textiles, and zero waste packaging for which modest mechanical performance and fast transience are desired.
Sustained-release drug delivery systems for the treatment of glaucoma

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, affects more than 64 million people worldwide and is expected to grow in number due to the aging global population and enhanced methods of detection. Although topical therapies are often effective when used as prescribed, the drawbacks of current medical management methods include poor patient adherence, local and systemic side effects, and in some cases, limited therapeutic efficacy. Novel ocular drug delivery platforms promise to deliver differentiated drug formulations with targeted delivery leveraging patient-independent administration. Several platforms are in various stages of development with promising pre-clinical and clinical data. The Bimatoprost Sustained Release (SR) intracameral implant was approved in the United States in March of 2020, making it the first long-term injectable therapy available for the treatment of glaucoma. This review aims to provide an update on novel sustained release drug delivery systems that are available today as well as those that might be commercialized in coming years.
Stability of generalized ecological-network models

The stability of ecological networks of varying topologies and predator–prey relationships is explored by applying the concept of generalized modeling. The effects of omnivory, complexity, enrichment, number of top predators, and predatory response are discussed. The degree of omnivory plays a large role in governing web stability at steady state. Complexity as measured from connectance and network size is not a perfect indicator of stability; large, highly connected webs can be just as stable as smaller, less connected ones. Learning behavior as expressed in Holling’s type III predatory response is stabilizing for food webs and provides exceptions to the paradox of enrichment for some topologies.
Testing English Language Skills: Changes and Challenges

The objective of formally teaching English as a second language at any level through institutionalized General English curriculum is to produce learning. English language learning means the acquisition of language skills (both macro- and micro-skills) and study skills for use in the various domains and departments of life. Testing is part of the teaching- learning process. The aim of language testing is to inform the learner their competency level so that the teacher/learner could take remedial measures for further learning. Further, testing should reflect the objectives of teaching/learning that are transacted through the prescribed syllabus which is only a means for realization of course objectives. In reality, learners are tested in their knowledge of the syllabus and its contents, and not the course objectives. Many students do not even know the objectives of the language courses that are mandatory for graduation. And many teachers treat/teach the syllabus in such a fashion that they too do not seem to be aware of the existence of learning objectives. Critical self-assessment of their learning by learners could also form part of testing. The present paper proposes to examine the existing methods of testing English language skills, explore the possibility of critical self- assessment by learners themselves and teachers’ attitudes towards such an attempt, and finally, to analyse the feasibility of alternative assessment in the context of the institutional challenges to develop tests that provide a reliable, accurate, and comprehensive assessment of an individual’s English proficiency.
Quality Improvement for Outpatient COVID-19 Infection Control

Background To stop the spread of COVID-19 in outpatient primary care clinics, infection control strategies were needed including social distancing and masking in Fall 2020. Studies show a significant decrease in COVID-19 transmission when healthcare professionals comply with preventive measures. We tested whether an educational video would improve compliance to infection control behaviors quickly. Objective To improve COVID-19 infection control compliance in clinical staff at an outpatient federally qualified health center (FQHC) family medicine residency clinic with quality improvement (QI) tools. Methods On-line surveys assessed medical assistants’ (MAs), residents’, and attending physicians’ before and after an educational video intervention to assess knowledge of and compliance with social distancing and masking guidelines. Independent observed compliance assessments before and after the educational video were used to confirm the self-reported compliance. Results The pre- and post-intervention surveys were completed by 49% (37/76) and 62% (47/76) of participants, respectively. Self-reported knowledge and compliance showed no significant change over time. Observed compliance, however, from pre (n = 667) to post (n = 1132) intervention improved for both masking (p < 0.001) and social distancing (p < 0.001). Conclusion An educational video regarding COVID-19 infection control was effective in improving compliance in an outpatient clinic in an underserved, urban setting. While building these new behavioral habits, however, self-report may not be as accurate as observational assessments. Since this intervention was implemented prior to the COVID-19 fall surge and introduction of mass vaccinations, the educational intervention may have improved behavioral compliance with COVID-19 protocols later in the pandemic.
Housing vacancy and hypervacant neighborhoods: Uneven recovery after the U.S. foreclosure crisis

We examine neighborhood housing vacancy patterns in the largest 200 metropolitan areas from 2012 to 2019, focusing especially on Sunbelt and Rustbelt metros, both hit hard by the 2007–2011 foreclos...
The Class Number Formulas in Quadratic and Cyclotomic Function Fields

In this chapter we will discuss the analogues of some fascinating class number formulas which are well known in the case of quadratic and cyclotomic number fields. Some of these go back to the nineteenth century, e.g., the work of Dirichlet and Kummer. More recent contributions are associated with the names of Carlitz, Iwasawa, and Sinnott. We will review some of these results and then formulate and prove a number of analogues in the function field context.
Mismanagement & Misinterpretation: U.S. Judicial Interpretation of the Warsaw Convention in Air Disaster Litigation

I am placing this older article (published in 1995) on SSRN for convenience of access. This article explores the implementation of the Warsaw Convention in international air disaster lawsuits in U.S. courts, including their approach to mass tort management and treaty interpretation. Specifically, the article evaluates the Warsaw Convention cases according to the rules of treaty interpretation codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and a test for mass tort management developed by Judge Jack Weinstein.
Pseudocyst of the pancreas: the role of cytology and special stains for mucin.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the preoperative diagnosis of a pancreatic cyst is based on clinical and imaging findings, frequently in conjunction with chemical analysis of cyst fluid and cytologic evaluation. The purpose of these diagnostic tests is to distinguish benign from malignant cysts of the pancreas. Accordingly, it is imperative to distinguish pancreatic pseudocysts from their mimics. In this study, the authors explored the cytomorphologic features of pseudocyst of the pancreas and evaluated the role of Alcian blue and mucicarmine stains in the cytologic evaluation of pancreatic cysts. METHODS: Forty-two patients were identified who had an eventual diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst and had an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate available. Clinical and imaging findings and chemical analyses of cyst fluid were recorded. The cytologic preparations were evaluated for gastrointestinal contamination, inflammatory cells, mucin, and pigmented material. The cytomorphologic features of 110 neoplastic mucinous cysts (intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms/mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas) were evaluated and compared with the pseudocysts. RESULTS: The majority of patients (95%) had a prior episode of pancreatitis. On imaging, the pseudocysts were unilocular (92%). In 69% of cases, the endosonographic diagnosis was that of a pseudocyst. The mean carcinoembryonic antigen level was 41 ng/mL. In contrast, the cytopathologist rendered a definitive diagnosis of pseudocyst in only 10% of cases. The majority of smears (75%) revealed neutrophils and/or histiocytes. Atypical epithelial clusters were identified in 3 cases, 1 of which was diagnosed as suspicious for carcinoma. Yellow pigmented material, which was identified in 13 pseudocysts (31%), was not observed in neoplastic mucinous cysts. Alcian blue- and mucicarmine-positive material was identified in 64% and 40% of pseudocysts, respectively, and in 57% and 38% of neoplastic mucinous cysts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a pseudocyst depended primarily on clinical and imaging findings and on chemical analysis of cyst fluid. The cytologic features frequently were nonspecific. The presence of yellow pigmented material served as a surrogate marker of a pseudocyst. Special stains for mucin did not distinguish pseudocysts from neoplastic mucinous cysts. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Degradation of Lindane by Escherichia coli

Lindane was degraded by Escherichia coli isolated from rat feces. About 10% of the added lindane was metabolized by the bacterium in Trypticase soy broth containing the pesticide. A single metabolite, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene, was detected and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
An experimental/theoretical approach to modeling the viscous behavior of liquid lubricants under EHL conditions

This paper presents an experimental/theoretical approach to modeling the viscous behavior of liquid lubricants under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) conditions. The main feature of the approach is that the rheological variables at a single point in the EHL contact are used rather than their global averages. The local rheological variables are calculated using first-principle theories in conjunction with experimental traction data. They are then curve-fit into an Eyring-based rheological model, and the model parameters are determined by minimizing the error vector associated with the curve-fitting procedures. The modeling approach is evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical evaluation suggests that the method of modeling is meaningful for median-to-high loading conditions of a Hertz peak pressure above 0.8 GPa. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the approach may be used to study the rheological behavior of synthetic lubricants with various molecular structures.
Scientific discovery within data streams

The term ‘data-stream' is an increasingly overloaded expression. It often means different things to different people, depending on domain, usage or operation. Harold (2003) draws the following analogy: “A [stream] analogy might be a queue of people waiting to get on a ride at an amusement park. As people are processed at the front (i.e. get on the roller coaster) more are added at the back of the line. If it's a slow day the roller coaster may catch up with the end of the line and have to wait for people to board. Other days there may always be people in line until the park closes...There's always a definite number of people in line though this number may change from moment to moment as people enter at the back of the line and exit from the front of the line. Although all the people are discrete, you'll sometimes have a family that must be put together in the same car. Thus although the individuals are discrete, they aren't necessarily unrelated.” For our purposes we define a data-stream as a series of data (e.g. credit card transactions arriving at a clearing office, cellular phone traffic or environmental data from satellites) arriving in real time, that have an initiation, a continuous ingest of data, but with no expectations on the amount, length, or end of the data flow. The data stream does not have a database or repository as an intrinsic part of its definition–it is a ‘one-look' opportunity from the perspective of data stream analytics. We call each data element in the stream a token and the complexity of these tokens ranges from simple (e.g. characters in a sentence: “T H I S I S A S T R E A M...”) to extremely complex (e.g. a detailed transaction record). The volume of data-streams is usually massive, and while each individual token may be rather uninformative, taken as a whole they describe the nature of the changing phenomena over time.
Characterization of the Streptococcus sobrinus acid-stress response by interspecies microarrays and proteomics

Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are considered the primary organisms responsible for human dental caries. The ability to generate acids and to adapt to low pH conditions is directly associated with the cariogenic potential of these bacteria. To survive acidic conditions, both species have been shown to mount an acid-tolerance response (ATR). However, previous characterization of the S. sobrinus ATR identified critical differences in the mechanisms of acid adaptation between S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Here, interspecies microarray and proteomic approaches were used to identify novel, previously unrecognized genes and pathways that participate in the S. sobrinus acid-stress response. The results revealed that, among other things, metabolic alterations that enhance energy generation and upregulation of the malolactic fermentation enzyme activity constitute important acid-resistance properties in S. sobrinus. Some of these acid adaptive traits are shared by S. mutans and might be considered optimal targets for therapeutic treatments designed to control dental caries.
Congenital Elevation of the Scapula

Dr. Robert D. Schrock was born in 1884 in Delaware, Ohio [3]. His father, William A., was a physician, as was his son, Robert D., Jr. The family subsequently moved to Decatur, Indiana. Dr. Robert Schrock obtained his undergraduate work at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana, in 1908 [2] and his medical degree at Cornell University Medical School in 1912 [2]. He completed postgraduate work at the New York Hospital in New York City. He briefly practiced in Omaha with Dr. John Lord, then served as a surgeon in WW I, working under Lt. Col. Joel Goldthwait in France. After the war he returned to Omaha to again practice with Lord. In 1921 he was appointed to the faculty of the University of Nebraska School of Medicine and became Professor and Chair in 1932, a post he held until 1949, when he became Professor Emeritus.
Die erweiterte parametrische Analyse für geschlossene Warteschlangennetze

In dieser Arbeit wird das Konzept der Parametrischen Analyse erweitert, indem ein vorgegebenes geschlossenes Produktformnetz zunachst beliebig in mehrere disjunkte Teilnetzwerke zerlegt wird. Diese Teilnetzwerke werden dann unabhangig voneinander analysiert, wobei jeweils das Gesamtnetzwerk unter Kurzschlus der nicht zum untersuchten Teilnetzwerk gehorigen Stationen untersucht wird. Schlieslich erhalten wir exakte Ergebnisse fur das Gesamtnetz oder auch nur fur die interessierenden Stationen.
Ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl zirconium(IV) metal–organic frameworks as a new class of sensitized solar cells

A series of Ru(II)L2L′ (L = 2,2′-bipyridyl, L′ = 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid), RuDCBPY, -containing zirconium(IV) coordination polymer thin films have been prepared as sensitizing materials for solar cell applications. These metal–organic framework (MOF) sensitized solar cells, MOFSCs, each are shown to generate photocurrent in response to simulated 1 sun illumination. Emission lifetime measurements indicate the excited state quenching of RuDCBPY at the MOF–TiO2 interface is extremely efficient (>90%), presumably due to electron injection into TiO2. A mechanism is proposed in which RuDCBPY-centers photo-excited within the MOF-bulk undergo isotropic energy migration up to 25 nm from the point of origin. This work represents the first example in which a MOFSC is directly compared to the constituent dye adsorbed on TiO2 (DSC). Importantly, the MOFSCs outperformed their RuDCBPY–TiO2 DSC counterpart under the conditions used here and, thus, are solidified as promising solar cell platforms.
A Symptom Checklist to Screen for Somatoform Disorders in Primary Care

Current DSM-IV somatoform diagnoses may inadequately capture many somatizing patients in primary care. By using data from two studies (1,000 and 258 patients, respectively), the authors determined 1) the optimal threshold on a checklist of 15 physical symptoms to screen for a recently proposed somatoform diagnosis, multisomatoform disorder (MSD), and 2) the concordance between MSD and somatization disorder. The optimal threshold for pursuing a diagnosis of MSD was seven or more physical symptoms. The majority (88%) of the patients who met criteria for MSD had either full or abridged somatization disorder. MSD was intermediate between abridged and full somatization disorder in terms of its association with functional impairment, psychiatric comorbidity, family dysfunction, and health care utilization and charges.
Phase II trial of intraperitoneal cisplatin combined with intravenous paclitaxel in patients with ovarian, primary peritoneal and fallopian tube cancer

Abstract Background. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of cisplatin-based intraperitoneal (IP)/intravenous (IV) treatment using a modified version of the IP/IV arm of GOG 172. Methods. Patients with stage IC-IV and recurrent ovarian cancer were treated with D1 paclitaxel (IV at 135mg/m², 3-h infusion) and cisplatin (IP at 50mg/m²) and D8 cisplatin (IP at 50mg/m²) every 21days for 6 cycles. The primary outcome measure was completion of 6 cycles. Toxicity was assessed using the CTCAE, v.3.0 as well as subjective reporting by patients after each cycle. Results. Twenty-one patients completed 87 cycles of chemotherapy with IP cisplatin and intravenous (IV) paclitaxel. Eleven patients (52%) were able to complete all 6 cycles. Reasons for failing to complete treatment: progression of disease (n=3), grade 3–4 ototoxicity (n=2), IP port complication (n=1), grade 4 fatigue (n=1), small bowel obstruction (n=1), severe paclitaxel reaction (n=1) and one patient refused further treatment (n=1). Dose reductions of paclitaxel (135mg/m² to 110mg/m²) were implemented per protocol for neutropenia (n=3) at a frequency of 3.75%. Dose delays were noted prior to 9 cycles for neutropenia (n=6), thrombocytopenia (n=1), elevated creatinine (n=1), and grade 3 rash (n=1) at a frequency of 10%. Conclusions. Although only 52% of patients were able to complete 6 cycles of cisplatin-based IP chemotherapy, significant reductions in cisplatin-related metabolic toxicity and catheter-related complications were noted.
An Approach Experimentally Based Modeling and Simulation of Human Motion

A computational approach for estimating three-dimensional human body motion from measurement of marker locations during motion is proposed. The proposed method computes the system’s kinematics while preserving important physical and dynamic properties. These properties include preserving the connection point (joint) between any two neighboring bodies and satisfying total body linear and angular momentum conservation laws. Four sets of equations are formulated for kinematic and dynamic properties of body segments. Attitude estimation is based on Wahba’s problem [1], and dynamic and kinematic constraints are included by utilizing penalty function method. An iteration process is presented to combine the four sets of estimation measure to ensure convergence to the optimal solution. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method: estimation of the kinematics of a chain of rigid bodies obtained by computer simulation, and estimation of motion in three dimension of a diver obtained using experimental measurements. The results of both examples show fast convergence of the algorithm to an optimal solution while satisfying the imposed the constraints.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Robotically assisted left ventricular epicardial lead implantation for biventricular pacing: the posterior approach

Patients with congestive heart failure and altered interventricular conduction enjoy improvements in quality of life and ventricular function after successful resynchronization therapy with biventricular pacing. Technical limitations owing to individual coronary sinus and coronary venous anatomy result in a 10% to 15% failure rate of left ventricular (LV) lead placement through percutaneous approaches. To provide a minimally invasive option for these patients with LV lead failures, we developed a technique of endoscopic, epicardial LV lead implantation with the use of the da Vinci robotic system. The surgical approach targets the posterolateral wall through a novel posterior approach.
Thromboembolic Prophylaxis in Total Joint Arthroplasty

Approximately 775,000 hip and knee arthroplasties are performed yearly in the United States, with a dramatic increase expected. Patients having hip and knee arthroplasties are at high risk of developing a venous thromboembolism. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) have updated guidelines, which outline new prophylactic strategies. Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban has a new recommendation by ACCP and is gradually being adopted by the joint arthroplasty community as an effective oral agent. Other more well-known agents including warfarin, low-molecular-weight heparin, aspirin, and fondaparinux continue to be options for prophylaxis. While the goal of prophylaxis continues to be the prevention of venous thromboemboli and pulmonary emboli, it is important to consider the increased bleeding risk associated with their use. The most recent ACCP and AAOS guidelines give clinicians a greater autonomy in choosing a prophylactic agent with greater emphasis placed on dialogue between the surgeon and patient as to the choice of prophylaxis.
Patterns of nitrogen mobilization in grain sorghum hybrids and the relationship to grain and dry matter production 1

Abstract Results from previous studies on nitrogen uptake and mobilization in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are incomplete and inconclusive. This study examined the influence of genotype and soil N level on plant N accumulation, N remobilization and their relation to dry matter and grain production in sorghum. Five sorghum hybrids were planted with two N fertility treatments at two locations in 1988. Total plant dry matter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and N contents were measured throughout the growing season. Hybrid differences in N and yield parameters and plant N differences due to soil N treatment were detected at anthesis and after. By anthesis, up to 89% of final total plant N had been accumulated depending upon genotype and soil N level. At anthesis, 44‐ 57% of plant N was in the stem and 43–56% was in the leaves. At maturity, 58–68% of total plant N was in the grain, with 14–17% remaining in the stems and 18–25% in leaves. During grain fill, stem and leaf fractions lost from 45–69% o...
How big should hexagonal ice crystals be to produce halos

It has been hypothesized that the frequent lack of halos in observations of cirrus and contrails and laboratory measurements is caused by small ice crystal sizes that put the particles outside the geometrical optics domain of size parameters. We test this hypothesis by exploiting a strong similarity of ray tracing phase functions for finite hexagonal and circular ice cylinders and using T-matrix computations of electromagnetic scattering by circular cylinders with size parameters up to 180 in the visible. We conclude that well-defined halos should be observable for ice crystal size parameters of the order of 100 and larger and discuss remote-sensing implications of this result.
Nonspecific binding of p‐phenylenediamine‐pyrocatechol peroxidase substrate to electrofocused proteins

Nonspecific staining of electrofocused protein bands was found with the peroxidase product of Hanker-Yates reagent (a mixture of p-phenylenediamine and pyrocatechol). No difficulty was encountered with diaminobenzidine as peroxidase substrate.
“BUT YOU DON'T LIVE HERE, MAN”: NEGOTIATING SOCIAL REALITY AT THE ROSEBUSH HOTEL

Rules of social order are negotiated: actors' theories of negotiations in any particular setting affect what gets negotiated and how. This research looks at the negotiation process between two groups who had asymmetrical desires for the negotiations: one focusing on process, one on outcomes. Factors such as the balance of power, structural constraints, negotiation contexts and intergroup relationships help explain what gets negotiated and what gets changed. Actors' theories as a measure of reality become important in analyzing the “success” and importance of the negotiating process. Actors' theories affect not only what gets negotiated but the scope, durability, and volatility of negotiation.