cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The screaming baby: treatment of a psychophysiological disorder of infancy.

Abstract Principles of short-term treatment of infants with psychophysiological problems and their parents are illustrated by case reports of two infants with intractable screaming and disturbances of eating and sleeping. Depression and anger in the mothers and excessive sensitivity in the infants had led to mutually destructive interaction between them. Intervention included interruption of this cycle by symptomatic relief, establishment of a therapeutic alliance with parents, helping parents and infants to enjoy mutually satisfying unconflicted activities, and teaching parents to recognize and respond to their children's communications.
Isotope dependence of the vibrational lifetimes of light impurities in Si from first principles

The vibrational lifetimes of a range of H-related defects and interstitial O $({\mathrm{O}}_{i})$ in Si, including isotopic substitutions, are calculated from first principles as a function of temperature. The theoretical approach is explained in detail. The vibrational lifetimes of highest-frequency local vibrational modes of ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{BC}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}^{*}$, $\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{D}}^{*}$, $\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{H}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{BC}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{BC}}^{+}$, $\mathrm{H}V∙V\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{D}V∙V\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{D}V∙V\mathrm{D}$, $\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, and various O and Si isotopic combinations of ${\mathrm{O}}_{i}$ are predicted and the decay channels analyzed. We show that the complete vibrational spectrum of the defects must be known in order to predict vibrational lifetimes. We also show that the ``frequency-gap law'' is not always valid for high-frequency local vibrational modes.
Propofol-Associated Priapism in a Pediatric Patient.

Objective: To report a case of priapism in an adolescent male following the use of propofol for sedation. Case Report: A 13-year-old male with developmental delay was admitted to intensive care secondary to pneumonia and persistent paroxysmal choreoathetosis. In attempt to stop the choreoathetosis and progressive rhabdomyolysis, he was sedated with 50 mg of intravenous propofol, which successfully resolved the choreoathetosis. Within minutes after the injection, he developed priapism, and within 1 hour it resolved without intervention. Discussion: Priapism was considered to be caused by propofol based on temporal relationship, lack of other medications administered, and complete resolution of symptoms after withdrawal. An objective causality assessment based on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale suggests propofol is a probable cause of the priapism in our patient. The mechanism of propofol-induced priapism is unknown but likely occurs due to both local and systemic effects. Conclusion: Pe...
Chlordimeform: The relation of mitochondrial uncoupling to toxicity in the German cockroach

Abstract The acaricide and larvicide chlordimeform (N′-(4-chloro- o -tolyl) -N,N-dimethylformamidine) produces adverse effects on mitochondria isolated from adult male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), and from rat liver. It prevents oxidative phosphorylation and stimulates mitochondrial ATP-ase activity at comparable concentrations. These actions are believed to contribute to the toxicity ofchlordimeform to the cockroach.
Hypothesized Carbon Flow Through the Deepwater Lake Ontario Food Web

Several accounts in recent years have attempted to conceptualize and simulate food web links in valuable fishery systems, producing useful heuristic tools which could help shape future research and management policy. In this presentation a conceptual model of the Lake Ontario deepwater food web is developed to evaluate pathways of energy flux and determine available nutrition for top level predatory salmonines. A number of different trophic links were outlined from the phytoplankton base of the food web, through the various forage base species, to the tertiary consumers in this ecosystem. Phytoplankton photosynthesis resulted in 178 g C/m2/yr production at the base of the food web. Approximately 60% of primary production was counted as required support for pelagic zooplankton and the benthos. Dominant forage fish in the lake (alewife, smelt, andsculpin) appeared to consume all smaller zooplankton and mysid production of carbon, 61% of general benthic community production, and 94% of amphipod carbon production on an annual basis. The food web model indicated that approximately 1.2 g C/m2/yr was available for support of larger planktivore, benthivore, and piscivore fish. Based upon long-term fishery records and stocking statistics for salmonines, it was calculated that larger fish required approximately half of the annual carbon available as nutritional support. According to the model, trophic rearrangement, such as through fish stocking can have an important impact on the Lake Ontario food web.
Limitation by zeolite protons of the oxygenate yield in syngas conversion over RhMn/NaY catalysts†

CO hydrogenation over Mn-promoted Rh/NaY catalysts was studied at 1 MPa and 250°C. Significant selectivity to ethanol and ethyl acetate was obtained only after neutralising the protons formed on reduction of Rh ions. Layered bed experiments show that protons act as Bronsted acid sites catalysing secondary reactions that convert the oxygenates to hydrocarbons and coke.
Workload assignment considering NBTI degradation in multicore systems

With continuously shrinking technology, reliability issues such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) has resulted in considerable degradation of device performance, and eventually the short mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) of the whole multicore system. This article proposes a new workload balancing scheme based on device-level fractional NBTI model to balance the workload among active cores while relaxing stressed ones. Starting with NBTI-induced threshold voltage degradation, we define a concept of Capacity Rate (CR) as an indication of one core's ability to accept workload. Capacity rate captures core's performance variability in terms of delay and power metrics under the impact of NBTI aging. The proposed workload balancing framework employs the capacity rates as workload constraints, applies a Dynamic Zoning (DZ) algorithm to group cores into zones to process task flows, and then uses Dynamic Task Scheduling (DTS) to allocate tasks in each zone with balanced workload and minimum communication cost. Experimental results on a 64-core system show that by allowing a small part of the cores to relax over a short time period, the proposed methodology improves multicore system yield (percentage of core failures) by 20p, while extending MTTF by 30p with insignificant degradation in performance (less than 3p).
Combined radiotherapy with planned neck dissection for small head and neck cancers with advanced cervical metastases.

Background We have previously described our treatment algorithm for patients with small head and neck cancers with advanced cervical metastases (stage N2 or greater). Primary radiotherapy is given to the primary site and neck, followed 6 weeks later with endoscopy and biopsy of the primary site. If biopsy of the primary site is negative by frozen section, an immediate neck dissection is performed even when no clinical residual neck disease is present. Our initial review found that 36% of patients with a complete clinical response to radiotherapy had positive nodes on histological examination. Study Design Retrospective. Methods The medical records of 71 patients treated at UCLA Medical Center from 1986 to 1999 by this algorithm were reviewed. Results After radiotherapy, 69 of 71 patients had a complete response at their primary site. Forty-two patients had a complete clinical response in the neck. Seventy-one neck dissections were performed. Overall, 31 of 71 neck dissections (44%) had positive nodes. Among the 42 patients with a complete response to radiotherapy, 13 (31%) had positive histological nodes. Among the 29 patients with a partial response to radiotherapy, 17 (59%) had positive nodes. Follow-up and incidence of neck recurrence are discussed. Conclusion Planned neck dissection for advanced cervical metastases remains controversial for patients with a complete clinical response to radiotherapy. However, our results suggest that clinical assessment after radiotherapy cannot assure the absence of neck disease. Until there are reliable methods to distinguish which patients are truly free of neck disease, we believe the benefits of a planned neck dissection outweigh the low morbidity of this procedure.
Molecular actions of drugs that sensitize cardiac myofilaments to Ca2

Ca(2+)-sensitizers are inotropic agents that modify the response of myofilaments to Ca2+, and are potentially valuable drugs in the treatment of heart failure. These agents have diverse chemical structures, and in some cases also have effects as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase activity. Advantages of their actions include vasodilation combined with inotropic effects. Reduction in the amounts of Ca2+ required to activate the myofilaments also lowers the oxygen consumption required for Ca2+ transport, lowers the threat of arrhythmias, and may blunt Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional and translational mechanisms leading to hypertrophy and failure. Although diastolic abnormalities and impaired relaxation were thought to be potential undesirable effects of Ca(2+)-sensitizers, studies of hearts beating in situ indicate that this may not be a major problem. We focus here on Ca(2+)-sensitizers that act on cardiac troponin C, the Ca2+ receptor that triggers activation of the actin-myosin interaction. Structural studies have identified a unique mode of Ca2+ signaling in cardiac troponin C that should aid in targeting drugs to the heart. Moreover, identification of docking sites of Ca(2+)-sensitizers on troponin C suggest new directions for rational drug design.
A cephalometric study of fetal alcohol syndrome

Analysis of cephalometric radiographs of 12 children with fetal alcohol syndrome corroborated the clinical observation of midfacial deficiency described in patients with this disorder. Contrary to previous reports, however, our data show that this abnormality is not caused by true maxillary hypoplasia but by retrusion of the maxilla. We postulate that this abnormal position is secondary to restricted forward growth of the face, resulting from abnormal brain growth and subsequent shortening of the anterior cranial base.
Creep of molybdenum disilicide composites

Abstract The creep deformation behavior of MoSi 2 , MoSi 2 , with SiC and WSi 2 alloy, and the alloy with SiC reinforcement was determined under compression in the temperature range 1100–1450 °C. The effects of reinforcement and alloying were evaluated. Existing theories of composite strengthening were examined in relation to the present results. Models based on creeping matrix with elastically deforming fibers appear to predict the observed behavior better than any other models. Activation energies and volumes were evaluated to identify the creep mechanisms. Based on the stress exponents and the energies, it is concluded that creep progress with increasing temperature and stress from newtonian viscous flow involving diffusion processes to power-law creep involving dislocation climb.
Artificial watershed acidification on the Fernow Experimental Forest, USA

A whole-watershed manipulation project was begun on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, in 1987, with the objective of increasing understanding of the effects of acidic deposition on forest ecosystems. Two treatment watersheds (WS9 and WS3) and one control watershed (WS4) were included. Treatments were twice-ambient N and S deposition, applied via NH4SO4 fertilizer, with three applications per year. Three years of pretreatment data were collected and used for calibration. Stream water chemistry data collected during 3 years of treatment were evaluated. Stream water pH and electrical conductivity were not significantly affected by the elevated N and S inputs on either treatment watershed. On WS9, there were no statistically significant treatment effects on stream water export of Ca, SO4, or NO3. On WS3, however, stream export of both NO3 and Ca have increased as a result of acidification treatments. The implications of these results are discussed. Research is continuing so that the processes involved may be elucidated. In addition, effects on vegetation, aquatic invertebrates and amphibians also are being evaluated.
The Milnor fiber of a generic arrangement

and F f l ( 1 ) is the Milnor fiber of the map f . Let ~=exp(27~i/n). Let h*: H*(F) ---~H*(F) be the monodromy induced by h(zl,...,zl)=(~zl,...,~zz). Consider all homology and cohomology with complex coefficients and let bk=dim Hk(F) be the k-th Betti number of F. Since F is a Stein space of dimension ( / 1 ) we have H k ( F ) = 0 for k>_l. If f has an isolated singularity it is known from Milnor's work that bk(F)=0 for l < k < l 2 and that bz_t(F)=(n-1) l. The characteristic polynomial of the automorphism induced by the monodromy on Hz-I(F) was computed in [7]. In [9] we gave an explicit basis of differential forms for the nonvanishing group HI-I(F). The classes are all represented as restrictions to F of differential forms qw where q is a homogeneous polynomial and
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds: Quantitative in vivo and in vitro structure-activity relationships

Abstract The effects of structure on the in vitro receptor binding affinities, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) induction potencies in rat hepatoma cells were determined for the following compounds: 2-bromo-, 2,7/2,8-dibromo-, 2,3,7-tribromo-, 2,4,6,8/1,3,7,9-tetrabromo-, 2,3,7,8-tetrabromo-, 1,3,7,8-tetrabromo-, 1,2,3,7,8-pentabromo-, 1,2,4,7,8-pentabromo-, 2,3,-dibromo-7,8-dichloro-, 2,8-dibromo-3,7-dichloro- and 2-bromo-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo- p -dioxin. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) for the polybrominated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PBDDs) were comparable for both in vitro responses: the most active compounds were substituted only in the lateral 2,3,7 and 8 position and the addition of non-lateral or removal of lateral halogen substituents reduced the activity of the resultant compound. The biologic and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromo-, 1,3,7,8-tetrabromo-, 1,2,4,7,8-pentabromo-1,2,3,7,8-pentabromo-, 2-bromo-3,7,8-trichloro- and 2,3-dibromo-7,8-dichlorodibenzo- p -dioxin on several receptor-mediated responses (thymic atrophy, body weight loss, hepatic microsomal AHH and EROD induction) were determined in a dose-response fashion in immature male Wistar rats. A comparison of the ED 50 values for the in vivo responses demonstrated that the SARs for the PBDDs and brominated polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins were comparable to those observed for in vitro receptor binding and AHH induction. Moreover, there was an excellent linear correlation between the -log EC 50 (in vitro AHH induction) vs. the in vivo -log ED 50 (thymic atrophy) and -log ED 50 (body wt loss) correlation coefficient, r = 0.97 for all 2 correlations).
A direct vector simulation for the analyses of nodal and undulating elastica

Abstract A non-linear vector equilibrium/constitutive differential equation governing an elastica is directly simulated without decomposition. The solution is obtained using repeated applications of a truncated Taylor's expansion to advance along the elastica. Lacking a vector data type in Fortran 77, the complex data type is used for direct two-dimensional simulations. Rapid convergence and good accuracy are observed for sufficiently small increments using single precision. Numerical results for both nodal and undulating elastica are presented. Good agreement is shown with existing alternative solutions.
Early experience with a novel nonmetallic cable in reconstructive hip surgery

Background Metallic wires and cables are commonly used in primary and revision THA for fixation of periprosthetic fractures and osteotomies of the greater trochanter. These systems provide secure fixation and high healing rates but fraying, third-body generation, accelerated wear of the bearing surface, and injury to the surgical team remain concerning.
The isolation of single cells from the avian salt gland.

Collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin were used to isolate single cells from the avian salt gland. Three cell types were distinguishable in the resultant cell suspension: peripheral, intermediate, and principal cells. The fine structure of these cells is described and related to the morphology of the intact gland.
Qualitative analysis addressing physician-perceived barriers to usage of electronic patient questionnaires in a colorectal clinic

AbstractBackgroundThe Knowledge Program (KP) was created to electronically collect information about patient's quality of life on tablet computers. The questionnaires included in the KP are validated and provide further information for the physician to use during the new patient exam. Despite replacing paper questionnaires, usage rates for KP have not been sustained in the colorectal clinic, and are lower than desired.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to qualitatively assess Cleveland Clinic colorectal surgeons’ perspectives regarding what factors influence usage rates of the electronic KP questionnaires. A further aim of this study was to determine if physicians could identify ways to improve use of the KP.MethodsEleven semi-structured cognitive interviews with colorectal surgeons were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was then interpreted by three investigators using thematic analysis with qualitative software.ResultsThree major barriers to KP usage were identified by the investigators...
Single-Subject Anxiety Treatment Outcome Prediction using Functional Neuroimaging

The possibility of individualized treatment prediction has profound implications for the development of personalized interventions for patients with anxiety disorders. Here we utilize random forest classification and pre-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) to generate individual subject treatment outcome predictions. Before cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 48 adults (25 GAD and 23 PD) reduced (via cognitive reappraisal) or maintained their emotional responses to negative images during fMRI scanning. CBT responder status was predicted using activations from 70 anatomically defined regions. The final random forest model included 10 predictors contributing most to classification accuracy. A similar analysis was conducted using the clinical and demographic variables. Activations in the hippocampus during maintenance and anterior insula, superior temporal, supramarginal, and superior frontal gyri during reappraisal were among the best predictors, with greater activation in responders than non-responders. The final fMRI-based model yielded 79% accuracy, with good sensitivity (0.86), specificity (0.68), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (2.73, 0.20). Clinical and demographic variables yielded poorer accuracy (69%), sensitivity (0.79), specificity (0.53), and likelihood ratios (1.67, 0.39). This is the first use of random forest models to predict treatment outcome from pre-treatment neuroimaging data in psychiatry. Together, random forest models and fMRI can provide single-subject predictions with good test characteristics. Moreover, activation patterns are consistent with the notion that greater activation in cortico-limbic circuitry predicts better CBT response in GAD and PD.
Monocrystal-Polycrystal Elastic Constants of a Stainless Steel

For a face-centered-cubic steel, new measurements of the monocrystal Voigt elastic-stiffness constants C11, C12, C44 are given. The monocrystal steel, Fe19Cr10Ni, corresponds closely to the well-known AISI-304 austenitic stainless steel. Considering seven theories for the monocrystalpolycrystal elastic constants, it is found that the Hershey-Kroner-Eshelby theory agrees best with measurements. It predicts the shear modulus within 2% of observation, where the Voigt-Beuss first-order bounds differ by 49%. Ten sets of FeCrNi Cij results are reviewed with the finding that both Zener's elastic anisotropy and the C12/C11 ratio are constant within 5%.
Experimental and theoretical effects of nitrogen gas flow rate on liquid-jet atomization

Two-phase flows were investigated by using high-velocity nitrogen gas streams to atomize small-diameter liquid jets. Tests were conducted primarily in the acceleration-wave regime for liquid-jet atomization, where it was found that the loss of droplets due to vaporization had a marked effect on drop-size measurements. In addition, four identically designed two-fluid atomizers were fabricated and tested for similarity of spray profiles. A scattered-light scanning instrument was used to measure the following characteristic drop diameters: volume median A.s, Sauter mean D32, and volume-linear mean Am and it was found that each one of the three characteristic drop diameters varied inversely with nitrogen gas flow rate raised to the 1.33 power. The exponent 1.33 power is identical to that predicted by atomization theory for liquied-jet breakup in the acceleration-wave regime, and it is somewhat higher than the value of 1.2 that was previously obtained at a sampling distance of 4.4 cm downstream of the atomizer. The difference is attributed to the fact that drop-size measurements obtained at the 2.2 cm sampling distance are less affected by vaporization and dispersion of small droplets and, therefore, should have better agreement with atomization theory.
New Tetranuclear Ruthenium(I) Carbonyl Trifluoroacetate Complex: Gas-Phase Transformations and Coordination Reactions

A new mixed ligand ruthenium(I) complex of the composition [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)5] (1) has been prepared by refluxing Ru3(CO)12 with trifluoroacetic acid in a dichloromethane/benzene mixture. Crystals of 1 were obtained by gas phase sublimation of the crude product at 110°C. The X-ray diffraction study has revealed a tetranuclear `8dimer of dimers' 9 structure [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)5]2 in 1. Complex 1 can be re-sublimed without decomposition at temperatures up to 130°C, while at higher temperatures fragmentation accompanied by a ligand re-distribution reaction has been observed. As a result, two new ruthenium(I) complexes have been isolated from the gas phase transformation of 1 at 160°C: [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)6] (2) and [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)4] (3). Complex 2 has a dinuclear cis-trifluoroacetato-bridged core, while 3 exhibits a polymeric structure built on axial Ru···O interactions of the dimetal units, [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)4]∞. The above reaction suggests the possible gas phase dissociation of the tetranuclear molecule 1 to the dimetal fragments, [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)5] that have one open axial coordination site. The latter was proved by codeposition of 1 with an aromatic hydrocarbon, [2. 2]paracyclophane, that afforded a new sandwich compound, [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)5·(μ2-C16H16)·Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)5] (4), in which the ligand is entrapped between two dimetal complexes. In contrast, when 3 is codeposited with [2. 2]paracyclophane, a new 1D polymeric product, [Ru2(O2CCF3)2(CO)4·(μ2-C16H16)]∞ (5) has been isolated. Complexes 1–5 have been fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction.
Elongated Silica Nanoparticles with a Mesh Phase Mesopore Structure by Fluorosurfactant Templating

Mesoporous silica materials with pore structures such as 2D hexagonal close packed, bicontinuous cubic, lamellar, sponge, wormholelike, and rectangular have been made by using surfactant templating sol−gel processes. However, there are still some “intermediate” phases, in particular mesh phases, that are formed by surfactants but which have not been made into analogous silica pore structures. Here, we describe the one-step synthesis of mesoporous silica with a mesh phase pore structure. The cationic fluorinated surfactant 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecylpyridinium chloride (HFDePC) is used as the template. Like many fluorinated surfactants, HFDePC forms intermediate phases in water (including a mesh phase) over a wider range of compositions than do hydrocarbon surfactants. The materials produced by this technique are novel elongated particles in which the layers of the mesh phase are oriented orthogonal to the main axis of the particles.
Electroencephalogram changes in celiac disease

W I T I-t the discovery of gliadin as its specific cause, celiac disease, gluten-enteropathy, was added to the growing list of diseases classified as inborn errors of metabolism? It is not surprising, therefore, to find some similarities in the signs and symptoms with those of galactosemia and phenylketonuria, specifically mental and developmental retardation. The psychologic and developmental aspects of celiac disease have received little attention despite the classic behavior and appearance of the patient. The apathy, irritability, and unhappiness is reflected in their facial expression which lacks all joy and pleasure. There is concentration of interest upon themselves with little reaction to external stimuli. Negativism is a key sign of their behavior. 2 Head banging, rocking, and grinding of teeth are common, and, should the disease have its onset in infancy, walking and talking may be delayed? Some think that emotional factors play a large part in the initiation of episodes of diarrhea and in its treatment, a Many writers consider the bizarre behavior and apathy to be primarily psychogenic? In the light of certain observations we have made, we would like to propose an organic basis for the abnormal psyche and behavior observed in the patient with celiac disease.
On a new argument for the existence of God

The conclusion of Shutte's argument that the Christian God exists does not follow from his premises without additional dubious premises. Furthermore, the first premise of the argument, namely that human persons depend on other persons to develop as persons is an empirical premise that cries out for empirical support that Shutte fails to supply. Alternative schemes of personal development are available but he does not show that they are mistaken. Moreover, Shutte's scheme generates a puzzle about how personal development is ever possible. Finally, the theory of human nature underlying his argument is unsupported. On the other hand, the substitution of more sinister theories of human nature in his scheme would result in the conclusion that the “first cause” of personal development is a being with some attributes that conflict with the attributes of the Christian God and would involve a complete revamping of his theory of personal growth.
The assessment of the static component in rhythmic exercise

A new approach has been devised to assess the “static component” of dynamic exercise. This technique involves the measurement of the isometric endurance of muscles which have just taken part in rhythmic exercise and depends on the repeatability of trained subjects in isometric effort. The premise is that isometric endurance will be inversely related to the static component of the preceding dynamic exercise. The subjects worked on a bicycle ergometer at known fractions of their maximal aerobic capacity (max\(\dot V_{O_2 } \)). The rate of pedalling was varied from 30 to 90 rpm, so that for a given % max\(\dot V_{O_2 } \), the belt tension varied inversely with the speed of cycling. At any one speed of cycling, isometric endurance decreased as the belt tension increased. Following exercise at 30 rpm, the isometric endurance was 25 to 50% lower than that found at the most advantageous speed of cycling for our subjects; at these faster rates of cycling two subjects showed least static component following exercise at 90 rpm while the remaining subject performed best after cycling at 50 rpm.
Antimalarial activity and toxicity of a metabolic derivative of quinine.

THE preparation and properties of a metabolic product of quinine has previously been described1,2, but the results of the studies on the toxicity and antimalarial activity of this compound were not released for publication at that time.
Charge Exchange: Theory and Application to Proton-Hydrogen-Atom Collisions

A theory of rearrangement collisions taking account of the nonorthogonality of initial and final states is presented. Detailed discussion of the range of validity of the theory is worked out. The method is applied to proton-hydrogen-atom charge exchange collisions. We find that at high energy the Jackson-Schiff results are obtained and that below 100 kev the cross section is raised significantly above the result of Jackson and Schiff. The new result is in better agreement with experimental results than the calculations based on the Jackson-Schiff formulation.
Beware of Emigrants Bearing Gifts: Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy in the Presence of Remittances

This paper uses a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model to investigate the influence of countercyclical remittances on the conduct of fiscal and monetary policy and trace their effects on real and nominal variables in a business cycle setting. We show that remittances raise disposable income and consumption, and insure against income shocks, thereby raising household welfare. However, remittances increase the correlation between labor and output, thereby producing a more volatile business cycle and increasing output and labor market risk. Optimal monetary policy in the presence of remittances deviates from the Friedman rule, highlighting the need for independent government policy instruments.
Interest groups, public choice and the economics of religion

This article reviews Bob Tollison’s conjoint contributions to the burgeoning area of the economics of religion, underscoring his integration of public choice and interest-group themes into the microeconomic analysis of faith-based organizational architecture, institutional decision making and doctrinal innovation. Beginning with study of the medieval Catholic Church, moving forward to the Protestant Reformation and beyond, it supplies a timeline of developments and the major findings of each phase of his research program.
Effects of high salt concentration on salivary gland cells of Drosophila virilis

Abstract In the course of experiments designed to modify the chromosomal puffing pattern in Drosophila virilis it was observed that exposure of the excised salivary gland to concentrated salt solutions causes morphological changes in the ultrastructure of the salivary gland cell, but only minor modifications in the puffing pattern. The alterations in the nuclear envelope suggest that the salts do not extensively penetrate the nucleus but exert an osmotic stress. The possible effect of this stress on the puffing pattern is briefly discussed.
The disintegration of silicon by fast neutrons

Abstract The Si28(n, p)Al28, Si28(n, α)Mg25 and Si29(n, α)Mg26 reactions have been observed in a silicon solid state detector with a barrier depth equivalent to the range of a 7.5 MeV proton. A yield curve for the reactions has been measured between neutron energies of 4.6 and 8.5 MeV with an energy spread between 80 and 40 keV. At En = 8.5 MeV, transitions to two levels of Mg26, four of Mg25 and nine of Al28 have been observed. In the disintegration of Si28 strong resonant structure was observed, and below En = 6 MeV both reactions are strongly inhibited by the Coulomb barrier. Charged particle penetrability calculations predict the relative magnitudes of the Si28(n, α) and (n, p) reaction cross sections. A fast neutron spectrometer using a Si29 solid state counter is proposed.
Supply chain management and financial performance: literature review and future directions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review a sample of the literature relating to the financial impacts of supply chain management (SCM) and suggest future research directions. Design/methodology/approach – 49 research articles between 1990 and 2011 are collected from various academic databases and online sources. By conducting content analysis, empirical findings on the relationship between SCM and firm-level financial performance are summarized and classified. Performance drivers are identified from the literature to guide future SC practices. Findings – Both accounting- and market-based financial performances are closely related to the effectiveness of SCM. As important performance drivers, sourcing strategy, information technology (IT), SC integration, and external relationships play critical roles to improve firm-level financial performance. In particular, optimal levels of outsourceability, SC alignment and integration with IT infrastructure, and SC relationship management are essential to rea...
Effect of drug-induced taurine depletion on cardiac contractility and metabolism

Myocardial taurine content was halved in rats maintained for 3 weeks on tap water containing either 1% guanidinoethylsulfonate (GES) or 3% beta-alanine. The decrease in taurine content did not affect myocardial contraction; however, it significantly altered myocardial metabolism. The major effect of the treatment was a significant stimulation in the rate of glycolysis and lactate production. The rise in glycolytic flux was associated with activation of phosphofructokinase, presumably caused by a decrease in tissue citrate levels. GES-treated hearts also contained slightly lower creatine phosphate content, but since this effect was not observed in the beta-alanine-treated hearts, it appeared to be independent of taurine depletion. The consequences of these metabolic changes are discussed.
Thermal activation in atomic friction: revisiting the theoretical analysis

The effect of thermal activation on atomic-scale friction is often described in the framework of the Prandtl-Tomlinson model. Accurate use of this model relies on parameters that describe the shape of the corrugation potential β and the transition attempt frequency f(0). We show that the commonly used form of β for a sinusoidal corrugation potential can lead to underestimation of friction, and that the attempt frequency is not, as is usually assumed, a constant value, but rather varies as the energy landscape evolves. We partially resolve these issues by demonstrating that numerical results can be captured by a model with a fitted β and using harmonic transition state theory to develop a variable form of the attempt frequency. We incorporate these developments into a more accurate and generally applicable expression relating friction to temperature and velocity. Finally, by using a master equation approach, we verify the improved analytical model is accurate in its expected regime of validity.
Syntheses of Silica/Polystyrene-block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Films with Regular and Reverse Mesostructures of Large Characteristic Length Scales by Solvent Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly

Silica/diblock films with various mesostructures of large characteristic length scales were synthesized through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). The structure-directing agents used were amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymers of high molecular weights. The synthesis process began with a dilute homogeneous solution of a silica precursor and the diblock copolymer in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. After this dilute solution was cast, THF preferentially evaporated; accordingly, the species in the depositing film increasingly concentrated and the solvent quality for the diblock progressively decreased. At some critical point, cooperative self-assembly of both the PS-b-PEO diblock and the silicate started. Subsequently, liquid-crystalline mesophases were obtained. The present study indicates that silica/diblock films with different mesostructures can be synthesized by using one identical diblock; as the volume ratio of the diblock to silica increa...
Determinants of Student Effort on Schoolwork and School-Based Achievement

Abstract A model of the determinants of student effort and school-based achievement (Natriello & McDill, 1986) was replicated, then retested with the addition of an indicator of student perceptions of the difficulty of their classwork. In the original study, English grades as the dependent variable and data collected in 1964–65 were used. In the current replication, similar effect sizes for all variables in the model except gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and parent standards were found through the use of science grades as the dependent variable and data from 1987–88. The expanded model improved predictive power; the effect for student perceptions was twice as strong as for any of the other terms in the model except ability. Motivation theory that includes students' perceptions of the tasks they are asked to do was used to explain the results.
Using Microsoft® PowerPoint™ to Support Emergent Literacy Skill Development for Young Children At-Risk or Who Have Disabilities

The increasing availability and use of technology applications for teaching emergent literacy skills in early childhood education settings nationwide requires that early childhood education professionals develop skills with readily available software programs. This paper provides general recommendations in using Microsoft® PowerPoint™ to support emergent literacy skill development for young children at-risk or who have disabilities. Specific suggestions are presented in the areas of phonological awareness, alphabetic principles, comprehension, concepts about print, and vocabulary development.
The challenge of obesity in paediatric leukaemia treatment: it is not just size that matters

In the last two decades, tremendous advances have been made in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) in children with 5 year ‘cure’ rates in excess of 90%. The maintenance of remission is due, in part, to individualisation of therapy which must consider age, body size, genetic constitution and the impact of disease on drug disposition and action. This review, focused on treatment of ALL and one of the therapeutic mainstays, 6-mercaptopurine, illustrates the importance of obesity as a modulating factor in dose individualisation.
What's Happening to the Family? Interactions Between Demographic and Institutional Change

As soon as men and women … acquire the habit of weighing the individual advantages and disadvantages of any prospective course of action … they cannot fail to become aware of the heavy personal sacrifices that family ties and especially parenthood entail under modern conditions. (Schumpeter 1988/1942, pp. 501–502)
Two-step Dimerization for Autoproteolysis to Activate Glycosylasparaginase

Glycosylasparaginase (GA) is an amidase and belongs to a novel family of N-terminal nucleophile hydrolases that use a similar autoproteolytic processing mechanism to generate a mature/active enzyme from a single chain protein precursor. From bacteria to eukaryotes, GAs are conserved in primary sequences, tertiary structures, and activation of amidase activity by intramolecular autoproteolysis. An evolutionarily conserved His-Asp-Thr sequence is cleaved to generate a newly exposed N-terminal threonine, which plays a central role in both autoproteolysis and in its amidase activity. We have recently determined the crystal structure of the bacterial GA precursor at 1.9-A resolution, which reveals a highly distorted and energetically unfavorable conformation at the scissile peptide bond. A mechanism of autoproteolysis via an N-O acyl shift was proposed to relieve these conformational strains. However, it is not understood how the polypeptide chain distortion was generated and preserved during the folding of GA to trigger autoproteolysis. An obstacle to our understanding of GA autoproteolysis is the uncertainty concerning its quaternary structure in solution. Here we have revisited this question and show that GA forms dimers in solution. Mutants with alterations at the dimer interface cannot form dimers and are impaired in the autoproteolytic activation. This suggests that dimerization of GA plays an essential role in autoproteolysis to activate the amidase activity. Comparison of the melting temperatures of GA dimers before and after autoproteolysis suggests two states of dimerization in the process of enzyme maturation. A two-step dimerization mechanism to trigger autoproteolysis is proposed to accommodate the data presented here as well as those in the literature.
Leakage current analysis for intra-chip wireless interconnects

A simulation-based feasibility study of an intra-chip wireless interconnect system is presented. The wireless interconnect system is modelled in a 250 nm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology operating at typical conditions. A finite element method (FEM) based 3-D full-wave solver is used to perform the electromagnetic field analysis. In the field analysis, the effects of the radiation of an intra-chip wireless interconnect system operating at 16 GHz on the circuit devices and local metal interconnects at arbitrary distances from the antennas are investigated. It is shown that the transmission gain between the antennas is mostly unaffected by the presence of local metal interconnects. The transmission scattering parameter (s-parameter) between the radiating antenna and the metal interconnects is below −31.66 dB. The leakage current in the sub-threshold region of the transistors, caused by the antenna radiation induced voltages, is shown to be below 2.2 fA and decreasing with distance from the radiating antenna.
Über die Radikalbildungsgeschwindigkeit bei der Vinylpolymerisation mit Übergangsmetall-Kolloiden und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff†

Bei der Oxidatin von Ubergangsmetall-Kolloiden durch CCI4 entstehen Radikale, welche durch polymerisationskinetische Analyse und Copolymerisationsversuche nachgewiesen werden. Die Radikalbildungsgeschwindigkeit und somit die Geschwindigkeit der Oxidation des Metalls nimmt betrachtlich zu in der Reihenfolge V0 < Cr0 < Co0. Eine einfache MO-Betrachtung, welche auf der Annahme von Komplexbildung zwischen Metall und CCI4 basiert, vermittelt eine qualitative Deutung des Vorganges. Die Stabilitat der Komplexe wird dabei mit der Belegung der antibindenden MO's durch Elektronen in Verbindung gebracht. In the course of the oxidation of transition metal colloids with CCl4 radicals are generated, which can be demonstrated by polymerization kinetics and copolymerization trials. The rate of radical generation and thus the oxidation rate of the metal increase in the series V0 < Cr0 < Co0. A simple MO consideration based on the supposition of complex formation between metall and CCI4 allows the qualitative interpretation of the process. The stability of the complexes is related to the population of antibonding MO's.
The effects of an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin) on ovulation, pregnancy, and pseudopregnancy in the rabbit.

Abstract Ovulation, induced by mating or with exogenous gonadotropins, was blocked by indomethacin given during a critical time period. A single concomitant injection of 20 mg/kg was sufficient to block LH-induced ovulation. Additional treatment (8 mg/kg every 12 hours for 48 hours) was necessary if HCG were administered instead of LH, probably reflecting the longer half-life of HCG. Caitus-induced ovulation was not affected if indomethacin (20 mg/kg) was given at the time of mating, but a single subcutaneous injection of 8 mg/kg given 8 hours after mating inhibited ovulation. The block was presumably at the ovarian level since in all cases where indomethacin was effective, the ovaries were characterized by large hemorrhagic follicles in which the ova were retained. Considerable luteinization of the follicles was observed in association with normal progesterone levels, suggesting that indomethacin affected only the physical process of ovulation. Indomethacin treatment was also found to lengthen pseudopregnancy to the same extent as produced by hysterectomy, and when administered from the day of mating, indomethacin was associated with fetal resorption in pregnant animals.
Physiological Properties and Salmonella Growth Inhibition of Probiotic Bacillus Strains Isolated from Environmental and Poultry Sources

The objective of the present study was to describe the physiological properties of seven potential probiotic strains of Bacillus spp. Isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and by 16S rRNA sequence analyses for identification. Tolerance to acidic pH, high osmotic concentrations of NaCl, and bile salts were tested. Isolates were also evaluated for their ability to metabolize different carbohydrates sources. The antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were determined. Inhibition of gastrointestinal Salmonella colonization in an avian model was also evaluated. Five strains of Bacillus were tolerant to acidic conditions (pH 2.0) and all strains were tolerant to a high osmotic pressure (NaCl at 6.5%). Moreover, all strains were able to tolerate concentration of 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. Three strains were able to significantly reduce Salmonella Typhimurium levels in the crop and in the ceca of broiler-type chickens. Among the 12 antibiotics tested for antibiotic resistance, all strains were resistant to bacitracin and susceptible to gentamycin, neomycin, ormethoprim, triple sulfa, and spectinomycin. Bacterial spore formers have been shown to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in animals and humans. The results obtained in this study show important characteristics to be evaluated when selecting Bacillus spp. candidates to be used as probiotics.
Hairpin vortex organization in wall turbulencea)

Coherent structures in wall turbulence transport momentum and provide a means of producing turbulent kinetic energy. Above the viscous wall layer, the hairpin vortex paradigm of Theodorsen coupled with the quasistreamwise vortex paradigm have gained considerable support from multidimensional visualization using particle image velocimetry and direct numerical simulation experiments. Hairpins can autogenerate to form packets that populate a significant fraction of the boundary layer, even at very high Reynolds numbers. The dynamics of packet formation and the ramifications of organization of coherent structures (hairpins or packets) into larger-scale structures are discussed. Evidence for a large-scale mechanism in the outer layer suggests that further organization of packets may occur on scales equal to and larger than the boundary layer thickness.
Artificial neural network models for image understanding

In this paper we introduce a new class of artificial neural network (ANN) models based on transformed domain feature extraction. Many optical and/or digital recognition systems based on transformed domain feature extraction are available in practice. Optical systems are inherently parallel in nature and are preferred for real time applications, whereas digital systems are more suitable for nonlinear operations. In our ANN models we combine advantages of both digital and optical systems. Many transformed domain feature extraction techniques have been developed during the last three decades. They include: the Fourier transform (FT), the Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), etc. As an example, we have developed ANN models using the FT and WHT domain features. The models consist of two stages, the feature extraction stage and the recognition stage. We have used back-propagation and competitive learning algorithms in the recognition stage. We have used these ANN models for invariant object recognition. The models have been used successfully to recognize various types of aircraft, and also have been tested with test patterns. ANN models based on other transforms can be developed in a similar fashion.