cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaping on Instagram: cloud chasing, hand checks and product placement

Introduction This study documented images posted on Instagram of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and vaping (activity associated with e-cigarette use). Although e-cigarettes have been studied on Twitter, few studies have focused on Instagram, despite having 500 million users. Instagram9s emphasis on images warranted investigation of e-cigarettes, as past tobacco industry strategies demonstrated that images could be used to mislead in advertisements, or normalise tobacco-related behaviours. Findings should prove informative to tobacco control policies in the future. Methods 3 months of publicly available data were collected from Instagram, including images and associated metadata (n=2208). Themes of images were classified as (1) activity , for example, a person blowing vapour; (2) product , for example, a personal photo of an e-cigarette device; (3) advertisement ; (4) text , for example, ‘meme’ or image containing mostly text and (5) other . User endorsement (likes) of each type of image was recorded. Caption text was analysed to explore different trends in vaping and e-cigarette-related text. Results Analyses found that advertisement -themed images were most common (29%), followed by product (28%), and activity (18%). Likes were more likely to accompany activity and product -themed images compared with advertisement or text -themed images (p Conclusions Instagram affords its users the ability to post images of e-cigarette-related behaviours and gives advertisers the opportunity to display their product. Future research should incorporate novel data streams to improve public health surveillance, survey development and educational campaigns.
PEGylated-nanoliposomal clusterin for amyloidogenic light chain-induced endothelial dysfunction

AbstractLight chain (AL) amyloidosis is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality arising from multi-organ injury induced by amyloidogenic light chain proteins (LC). There is no available treatment to reverse the toxicity of LC. We previously showed that chaperone glycoprotein clusterin (CLU) and nanoliposomes (NL), separately, restore human microvascular endothelial function impaired by LC. In this work, we aim to prepare PEGylated-nanoliposomal clusterin (NL-CLU) formulations that could allow combined benefit against LC while potentially enabling efficient delivery to microvascular tissue, and test efficacy on human arteriole endothelial function. NL-CLU was prepared by a conjugation reaction between the carboxylated surface of NL and the primary amines of the CLU protein. NL were made of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG 2000 carboxylic acid) at 70:25:5 mol%. The protective...
Infection-Associated Gene Expression—The Pathogen Perspective

It is exciting to think that we now have data that link C. albicans gene expression responses to diverse environmental and genetic regulatory signals. We also have several technologies that allow precise measurement of RNA levels during infection. Together these capabilities allow us to infer many major signals that drive pathogen gene expression during infection. These signals and responses in turn yield insight into therapeutic targets for which inhibition may block infection. However, our deepening understanding of infection biology also reveals gaps in our understanding of how transcriptional networks may be revised during infection. That issue emphasizes the urgency of defining regulatory relationships in the infection environment.
Use of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for the mitigation of rivaroxaban-induced bleeding in an emergent coronary artery bypass graft.

Over 40% of patients being treated with oral anticoagulation are prescribed a direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) according to a recent study assessing prescribing patterns 1. Pivotal trials for the DOACs have reported noninferiority or superiority of these agents to warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), for multiple indications including nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) 2, 3, 4, 5. Furthermore, several of these studies also demonstrated similar or lower rates of minor and major bleeding and eliminates the need for frequent laboratory monitoring of these DOACs in comparison with warfarin. Despite these benefits, dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is the only DOAC with an FDA‐approved reversal agent idarucizumab currently on the market 6. Currently, other DOACs such as rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, lacks an FDA‐approved reversal agent, although there are currently multiple agents in the pipeline for reversing these newer anticoagulants 7. As a result, the current mainstay management of factor Xa inhibitor‐induced bleeding is supportive care with traditional blood products such as packed red blood cells (pRBC), as the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban can be expected to last 24 h or more 8. Four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F‐PCC), the only PCC formulation currently available in the United States, contains factors II, VII, IX, and X, proteins C and S, and heparin. This agent is currently only FDA‐approved for the management of acute major bleeding or need for urgent surgery or invasive procedures in patients on VKA, with dosing recommendations based on international normalized ratio (INR) values. The 2012 CHEST antithrombotic guideline provides a level 2C recommendation for 4F‐PCC in the management of VKA‐associated major bleeds over plasma products 9, although the guideline supplement is published 1 year after rivaroxaban is initially approved in the United States.
High density packaging technologies for RF electronics in small spacecraft

This paper will describe a few high density packaging technologies which we are currently exploring for use in current and future small spacecraft applications. The three categories of technologies include organic multichip modules (MCMs), ceramic leadless surface mount technology (SMT) and 3D printed waveguide structures. There are many other packaging technologies that currently exist but these three were selected in part due to their heritage in various commercial, military and space applications along with each having a relatively clear path to flight. For each of these technologies, detailed examples will be included in which hardware has been fabricated and tested for use in RF electronics for spacecraft transponders. The organic MCM example will be described in most detail and it utilizes a packaging technology by the name of CoreEZ which is a trademark of i3 Electronics. This MCM has shrunk a portion of our electronics down to 1/8th of its previous area. The CoreEZ technology has been shown to be rad hard beyond a total ionizing dose (TID) of 300kRad and the MCM which was fabricated has gone through thermal cycling and shown to have no degradation in performance. The ceramic leadless package examples include packages from high reliability manufactures by the name of KCB solutions and Barry Industries. In the case of KCB solutions, we have multiple products that will be described including a hermetic ceramic carrier which houses three microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) along with small discrete components. Finally, we will discuss the results of our search for a 3D printing process that allows us to reduce the cost and volume of our waveguide filters and diplexers for low cost small satellite applications. We have fabricated a few prototypes using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and metal coated plastics. Each of these packaging technology discussions will have a brief overview of its current and future use.
Stereopsis and Anomalous Contour from Fragmented Matrix Stereograms

6 observers estimated the magnitude of stereoscopic depth arising from fragmented matrix stereograms. Stereopsis and anomalous contour were reported only when the combined monocular patterns contained corresponding and non-corresponding elements within the inner vertical meridians of the square and circular dot patterns. The findings indicate that lateral form disparity is essential for the stereoscopic effects.
A human-scaled GIS: measuring and visualizing social interaction in Barcelona’s Superilles

AbstractSocial interaction is a key component of urban sustainability, but its spatial measurement is difficult using existing off-site GIS data. This paper reports on a new method of measuring social interaction using a combination of mobile technology and parametric software, which was tested on two of Barcelona’s new semi-pedestrian superilles. The research is introduced within a theoretical framework for social interaction and cohesion adapted from a broader index of sustainability. It shows how on-site data collection can be used to measure the capacity of urban spaces to support social interaction. It is argued that the combination of mobile technologies, GIS data, and predetermined indicators of the capacity of spaces to support positive human experiences offers an important complement to more traditional methods of recording and measuring the qualities of urban spaces.
Use of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms 62 (CCAPS-62) as a Repeated Measure.

The purpose of this initial, exploratory study was to examine the utility of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 (CCAPS-62) as a repeated measure tool at one university counseling center. This study investigated whether clients engaged in individual counseling changed in symptomology while in treatment and when (e.g., session) changes in symptomology occurred. To answer these research questions, reliable change indexes (RCIs) were calculated for each subscale of the CCAPS-62. Results indicated that all eight of the CCAPS-62 subscales demonstrated reliable changes from initial to subsequent administrations, and that changes occurred between sessions 3 and 6 at this specific university counseling center. Findings suggest the importance of incorporating CCAPS-62 information into counseling sessions to inform treatment and assessment.
Incorporating Beam Attenuation Calculations into an Integrated Data Analysis Model for Ion Effective Charge

AbstractWe have created a forward model for charge-exchange impurity density measurements that incorporates neutral beam attenuation measurements self-consistently for the purpose of determining the ion-effective charge Zeff. The model is constructed within an integrated data analysis framework to include a self-consistent calculation of neutral beam attenuation due to multiple impurity species into the measurement of a single impurity density. The model includes measurements of the beam Doppler-shift spectrum and shine-through particle flux to determine the neutral beam particle density which is attenuated by ion collisions. Synthetic data are generated from the diagnostic forward model using statistical and calibration uncertainties. These “noisy” data are used in the analysis to evaluate how accurately Zeff is determined. Methods of experimental design are employed to calculate the information gained from different diagnostic combinations. The analysis shows that while attenuation measurements alone do...
Hybrid Correlation Energy (HyCE): An Approach Based on Separate Evaluations of Internal and External Components.

A novel hybrid correlation energy (HyCE) approach is proposed that determines the total correlation energy via distinct computation of its internal and external components. This approach evolved from two related studies. First, rigorous assessment of the accuracies and size extensivities of a number of electron correlation methods, that include perturbation theory (PT2), coupled-cluster (CC), configuration interaction (CI), and coupled electron pair approximation (CEPA), shows that the CEPA(0) variant of the latter and triples-corrected CC methods consistently perform very similarly. These findings were obtained by comparison to near full CI results for four small molecules and by charting recovered correlation energies for six steadily growing chain systems. Second, by generating valence virtual orbitals (VVOs) and utilizing the CEPA(0) method, we were able to partition total correlation energies into internal (or nondynamic) and external (or dynamic) parts for the aforementioned six chain systems and a ...
Embolization for Lower GI Bleeding

Although for many years embolization was felt to be contraindicated in the LGI tract because of the risk of infarction, modern technologic advances in microcatheters have significantly decreased the risks of LGI embolization. Given the advantages of this technique, LGI embolization is rapidly gaining acceptance. While the results to date have been very good, considerable work is needed to better define in what regions, for which lesions, and under what circumstances is LGI embolization best suited.
How to Position Exocrine and Endocrine Function Tests in the Diagnostic Approach to Chronic Pancreatitis

Patients with chronic impairment of pancreatic exocrine function usually present with abdominal pain or with diarrhea, steatorrhea, and weight loss. Those patients who have abdominal pain as their chief complaint may develop diarrhea, steatorrhea, and weight loss or may always have abdominal pain as their major symptom and never evolve to frank exocrine insufficiency. Approximately 15% of patients with chronic pancreatitis never manifest abdominal pain and present initially with diarrhea, steatorrhea, and weight loss.
Minimally Invasive Management of Ureteral Distal Strictures: Robotic Ureteroneocystostomy With a Bilateral Boari Flap.

Abstract Objective To describe robotic ureteroneocystostomy performed by bilateral Boari flap. Methods An 82-year-old female with bilateral mid ureteral strictures secondary to uterine cancer treated with radiation was managed with ureteral stenting and bilateral nephrostomy tubes. Nevertheless, patient had severe colic and recurrent urinary tract infections and thus agreed to undergo bilateral robotic ureteral reconstructive surgery. Patient positioning and ports placement were similar to those of robotic prostatectomy. Ureters were divided at the level of the common iliac bifurcation and mobilized proximally. Strictures were excised and ureters were spatulated. After the bladder was dropped from the abdominal wall, a bladder flap was created with a broad base to ensure adequate blood supply. The ureteral anastomosis to the bladder flap was started using 3-0 Vicryl interrupted sutures to secure the posterior ureter to the bladder flap. The flap was then bisected in the midline to create a tension-free anastomosis. The ureteral anastomosis was completed over a double J ureteral stent. The wings of the bisected bladder flap were reapproximated with a 3-0 barbed suture to form a “Y” bladder configuration. Procedures were done bilaterally. The remainder of the cystotomy was closed with barbed suture. The bladder was tested for leakages and a drain was placed. Results Blood loss was 50 mL. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 4 with nephrostomy tubes and Jackson-Pratt drain removed prior to discharge. Follow-up cystogram revealed no leakage and bilateral reflux in the reconstructed bladder. Ureteral stents were removed 4 weeks postoperatively. Follow-up for these patients is recommended with either a renal scan or CT scan with delayed imaging. For this patient with severe chronic kidney disease, she unfortunately could not receive intravenous contrast and renal scan proved unreliable. Therefore, our follow-up was performed on the basis of her renal function (creatinine) which remained stable without nephrostomies or ureteral stents. Postoperatively, the patient did not complain of de novo lower urinary tract symptoms nor did she require anticholinergics. Conclusion Robotic bilateral Boari flap is feasible for patients with bilateral distal ureteral strictures. Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes. Given the significant degree of bladder reconstruction required for this procedure, we recommend an assessment of bladder capacity preoperatively in the form of a gravity cystogram or video urodynamics.
On the Reporting of Odds Ratios and Risk Ratios.

It is with great interest that we read the article by Ricci et al. entitled “Maternal and Paternal Caffeine Intake and ART Outcomes in Couples Referring to an Italian Fertility Clinic: A Prospective Cohort” [...]
A Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Ginger Root for Reducing Muscle Soreness and Improving Physical Performance Recovery Among Experienced Recreational Distance Runners

Previous studies indicate that ginger root has pain-relieving properties, but these effects have not been thoroughly examined in the context of distance running. The purpose of this randomized, dou...
Surprise and Curiosity in A Recommender System

The vast amount of online information today has increased the opportunity to discover interesting and useful information. Various recommender systems have been developed to help people discover such information. No matter how accurately the recommender algorithms perform, users' engagement and satisfaction have been complained being less than ideal. In this study, we touched on two human-centered objectives for recommender systems: surprise and curiosity, both of which are believed to play roles in maintaining user engagement and sustain such engagement in the long run. Specifically, we leveraged the concept of surprise and will incorporate it into a recommender system via two approaches. Knowledge-Based approach, in which we assume that statistical co-occurrence likelihood will help to identify surprising recommendations. And Adaptive Knowledge-Based approach, which aims to improve user satisfaction by adaptively incorporating users' real-time feedback into the recommendations. The insights of the research will make researchers and practitioners rethink the objectives of today's recommender systems or more generally information discovery systems as being more human-centered beyond algorithm accuracy.
No significant difference in clinically relevant findings between Pillcam® SB3 and Pillcam® SB2 capsules in a United States veteran population

No significant difference in clinically relevant findings between Pillcam® SB3 and Pillcam® SB2 capsules in a United States veteran population
Lebanon's Jewish Community: Fragments of Lives Arrested, by Franck Salameh: Cham, Switzerland, Palgrave MacMillan Press, 2018. 212 pp., $84.99 hardcover

In Lebanon’s Jewish Community, Fragments of Lives Arrested, Franck Salameh provides an eloquent, yet haunting, view of the outcast Jewish community that once resided in Lebanon. Salameh, a self-pro...
Gender and the two-tiered system of collegiate esports

Collegiate esports in the U.S. and Canada have grown tremendously over the past decade, through intensive investments by both universities and esports publishers. Although post-secondary institutio...
In heart failure, adding empagliflozin to medical therapy reduced a composite of CV death or HF hospitalization.

SOURCE CITATION Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1413-24. 32865377.
Unfrustrating the t-J Model: Exact d-wave BCS Superconductivity in the t'-J_z-V Model

The t-J model is believed to be a minimal model that may be capable of describing the low-energy physics of the cuprate superconductors. However, although the t-J model is simple in appearance, obtaining a detailed understanding of its phase diagram has proved to be challenging. We are therefore motivated to study modifications to the t-J model such that its phase diagram and mechanism for d-wave superconductivity can be understood analytically without making uncontrolled approximations. The modified model we consider is a t'-J_z-V model on a square lattice, which has a second-nearest-neighbor hopping t' (instead of a nearest-neighbor hopping t), an Ising (instead of Heisenberg) antiferromagnetic coupling J_z, and a nearest-neighbor repulsion V. In a certain strongly interacting limit, the ground state is an antiferromagnetic superconductor that can be described exactly by a Hamiltonian where the only interaction is a nearest-neighbor attraction. BCS theory can then be applied with arbitrary analytical control, from which nodeless d-wave or s-wave superconductivity can result.
Stealthy-Shutdown: Practical Remote Power Attacks in Multi - Tenant FPGAs

With the deployment of artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms in a large variety of applications, there creates an increasing need for high-performance computing capabilities. As a result, different hardware platforms have been utilized for acceleration purposes. Among these hardware-based accelerators, the field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have gained a lot of attention due to their re-programmable characteristics, which provide customized control logic and computing operators. For example, FPGAs have recently been adopted for on-demand cloud services by the leading cloud providers like Amazon and Microsoft, providing acceleration for various compute-intensive tasks. While the co-residency of multiple tenants on a cloud FPGA chip increases the efficiency of resource utilization, it also creates unique attack surfaces that are under-explored. In this paper, we exploit the vulnerability associated with the shared power distribution network on cloud FPGAs. We present a stealthy power attack that can be remotely launched by a malicious tenant, shutting down the entire chip and resulting in denial-of-service for other co-located benign tenants. Specifically, we propose stealthy-shutdown: a well-timed power attack that can be implemented in two steps: (1) an attacker monitors the realtime FPGA power-consumption detected by ring-oscillator-based voltage sensors, and (2) when capturing high power-consuming moments, i.e., the power consumption by other tenants is above a certain threshold, she/he injects a well-timed power load to shut down the FPGA system. Note that in the proposed attack strategy, the power load injected by the attacker only accounts for a small portion of the overall power consumption; therefore, such attack strategy remains stealthy to the cloud FPGA operator. We successfully implement and validate the proposed attack on three FPGA evaluation kits with running real-world applications. The proposed attack results in a stealthy-shutdown, demonstrating severe security concerns of co-tenancy on cloud FPGAs. We also offer two countermeasures that can mitigate such power attacks.
Intensity modulated radiotherapy for anal canal squamous cell carcinoma: A 16-year single institution experience

Abstract Introduction To report long-term efficacy and adverse events (AEs) associated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Materials and methods This was a retrospective review of patients with ASCC who received curative-intent IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy (98%) between 2003 and 2019. Overall survival (OS), colostomy-free survival (CFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The cumulative incidence of local recurrence (LR), locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM) were reported. Acute and late AEs were recorded per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for AEs. Results 127 patients were included. The median patient age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR] 55–69) and 79% of patients were female. 33% of patients had T3-4 disease and 68% had clinically involved pelvic or inguinal lymph nodes (LNs). The median patient follow-up was 47 months (IQR: 28–89 months). The estimated 4-year OS, CFS, and PFS were 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73%–89%), 77% (95% CI: 68%–86%), and 78% (95% CI: 70%–86%), respectively. The 4-year cumulative incidences of LR, LRR, and DM were 3% (95% CI: 1%–9%), 9% (95% CI: 5%–17%), and 10% (95% CI: 6%–18%), respectively. Overall treatment duration greater than 39 days was associated with an increased risk of LRR (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.4–19.5, p = 0.015). The most common grade 3+ acute AEs included hematologic (31%), gastrointestinal (GI) (17%), dermatologic (16%), and pain (15%). Grade 3+ late AEs included: GI (3%), genitourinary (GU) (2%), and pain (1%). Current smokers were more likely to experience grade 3+ acute dermatologic toxicity compared to former or never smokers (34% vs. 7%, p Conclusions IMRT was associated with favorable toxicity rates and long-term efficacy. These data support the continued utilization of IMRT as the preferred treatment technique for patients with ASCC.
Forcing of Global Hydrological Changes in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

The Earth’s climate system in the twentieth century has experienced significant effects due to human-influenced factors. In this paper, we focus on the manner in which anthropogenic aerosols have radiatively forced changes in temperature and precipitation and contrast the effects with that due to the influence of well-mixed greenhouse gases. We employ the NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 3rd generation global climate model to simulate and derive a mechanistic understanding of the response to the forcings. We find that, over the twentieth century, anthropogenic aerosols have counteracted greenhouse gas effects to a substantial extent with regards to climate forcing, temperature and precipitation. The manner in which this comes about is traced through the effects on the atmosphere and surface heat balance, with resultant effects on the hydrologic cycle. Understanding of the twentieth century precipitation change is a prerequisite for confidence in model-based projections of the effects in the twenty-first century in response to emission scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols.
Mechanisms of Ovarian Aging.

Ovarian aging in women correlates with the progressive loss of both the number and quality of oocytes. When these processes occur early or are accelerated, their clinical correlates are diminished ovarian reserve and/or premature ovarian insufficiency. Both these conditions have important consequences for the reproductive and general health of women, including infertility. Although there are many contributing factors, the molecular mechanisms underlying many of the processes associated with ovarian aging have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we highlight some of the most critical factors that impact oocyte quantity and quality with advancing age. We discuss chromosomal factors including cohesion deterioration and mis-segregation, errors in meiotic recombination, and decreased stringency of the spindle assembly checkpoint. DNA damage, telomere changes, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction as they relate to ovarian aging, and well-known gene mutations associated with primary ovarian insufficiency and diminished ovarian reserve are also discussed. Additionally, studies investigating recently acknowledged cytoplasmic factors associated with ovarian aging including protein metabolic dysregulation and microenvironmental alterations in the ovary are presented. We use both mouse and human studies to support the roles these factors play in physiologic and expedited ovarian aging, and we propose directions for future studies. A better understanding of the molecular basis of ovarian aging will ultimately lead to diagnostic and therapeutic advancements that would provide women with information to make earlier choices about their reproductive health.
Radiation risk issues in recurrent imaging

Millions of patients benefit from medical imaging every single day. However, we have entered an unprecedented era in imaging practices wherein 1 out of 125 patients can be exposed to effective dose...
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for oncologic reconstruction of the proximal humerus: a systematic review

Background In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for reconstruction of the proximal humerus after oncologic resection. However, the indications and outcomes of oncologic rTSA remain unclear. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that reported outcomes of patients who underwent rTSA for oncologic reconstruction of the proximal humerus. Extracted data included demographic characteristics, indications, operative techniques, outcomes, and complications. Weighted means were calculated according to sample size. Results Twelve studies were included, containing 194 patients who underwent rTSA for oncologic reconstruction of the proximal humerus. The mean patient age was 48 years, and 52% of patients were male. Primary malignancies were present in 55% of patients; metastatic disease, 30%; and benign tumors, 9%. The mean humeral resection length was 12 cm. The mean postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 78%; Constant score, 60; and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, 77%. The mean complication rate was 28%, with shoulder instability accounting for 63% of complications. Revisions were performed in 16% of patients, and the mean implant survival rate was 89% at a mean follow-up across studies of 53 months. Conclusions Although the existing literature is of poor study quality, with a high level of heterogeneity and risk of bias, rTSA appears to be a suitable option in appropriately selected patients undergoing oncologic resection and reconstruction of the proximal humerus. The most common complication is instability. Higher-quality evidence is needed to help guide decision making on appropriate implant utilization for patients undergoing oncologic resection of the proximal humerus.
Cryogenic test results of the SCALES focal plane coronagraph mechanism

We present preliminary laboratory cryogenic test results for the Coronagraph Slide mechanism, which allows observers the choice of up to 4 coronagraphic focal plane masks when using SCALES (Santa Cruz Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy). SCALES is a 2-5 micron high-contrast lenslet integral field spectrograph currently undergoing preliminary design for the W. M. Keck Observatory. When deployed behind the Keck Adaptive Optics system, SCALES will be used to detect and characterize a wide variety of exoplanets. To minimize thermal emission, all optical and mechanical components of SCALES are fully cryogenic. The Coronagraph Slide is the first fully cryogenic mechanism for SCALES designed, built, and tested in-house at UCSC with mostly off-the-shelf components.
Postglacial recolonization of eastern Blacknose Dace,Rhinichthys atratulus(Teleostei: Cyprinidae), through the gateway of New England.

During the last ice age, much of North America far south as 40°N was covered by glaciers (Hewitt 2000). About 20,000 years ago, as the glaciers retreated, the hydrologic landscape changed dramatically creating waterways for fish dispersal. The number of populations responsible for recolonization and the regions from which they recolonized are unknown for many freshwater fishes living in New England and southeastern Canada. The Blacknose Dace,Rhinichthys atratulus, is one of the freshwater fish species that recolonized this region. We hypothesize that the earliest deglaciated region, modern-day Connecticut, was recolonized byR. atratulusvia a single founding event by a single population. In this paper, we test this hypothesis phylogenetically with regard to the major drainage basins within Connecticut. The mitochondrial DNA exhibits low nucleotide diversity, high haplotype diversity, and a dominant haplotype found across the state. A small percentage of individuals in the Housatonic drainage basin, however, share a haplotype with populations in New York drainage basins, a haplotype not found elsewhere in Connecticut's drainage basins. We calculated a range for the rate of divergence for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nd2) and control region (ctr) of 4.43–6.76% and 3.84–8.48% per million years (my), respectively. While this range is higher than the commonly accepted rate of 2% for mitochondrial DNA, these results join a growing list of publications finding high rates of divergence for various taxa (Peterson and Masel 2009). The data support the conclusion that Connecticut as a whole was recolonized initially by a single founding event that came from a single refugium. Subsequently, the Housatonic basin alone experienced a secondary recolonization event.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum: XIII. Changes in the fluorescence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate during Ca2 transport☆

Abstract The enhancement of the fluorescence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) by skeletal muscle microsomes is dependent upon the cation concentration of the medium. The accumulation of Ca 2+ by microsomes in systems containing Ca-EGTA buffer, MgCl 2 (0.1–3.0 m m ) and ATP (0.001–1 m m ), ITP, acetylphosphate, or carbamylphosphate as energy donors, is reflected in enhanced ANS fluorescence. The fluorescence is reduced parallel with the release of Ca 2+ on the addition of Salyrgan or after ATP is depleted. Fluorescence increase was found when Ca 2+ was replaced with Sr 2+ but not with Mn, Cd. or Ba. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, IDP, ADP, inorganic triphosphate, pyrophosphate, and orthophosphate, were ineffective as energy donors. Addition of 3 m m oxalate to Ca 2+ -loaded microsomes decreased the fluorescence intensity. These results are consistent with the view that the fluorescence enhancement during Ca 2+ accumulation results from changes in the environment of the dye caused by the binding of actively transported Ca 2+ to the membrane.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-33 in infant respiratory syncytial virus infection (INC9P.442)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants with an estimated global impact of 64 million cases and 160,000 deaths each year. Severe RSV infections in infants are characterized by airway obstruction and Th2-biased immune responses, including recruitment of Th2 cells and eosinophils to the lung and elevated Th2 effector cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL13). Early elevations in IL13 following RSV infection of neonatal mice suggest a source other than Th2 cells. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a recently identified population of cells that produce high levels of IL13 and IL5 in response to IL33. There are no data available on the involvement of IL33 or ILC2s in Th2 infant RSV responses. In mice, our data demonstrate that RSV causes rapid IL33 expression and an increase in ILC2 numbers in the lung which are elevated in neonates versus adults. Blocking IL33 in the neonate abrogates this increase in ILC2s while treatment with recombinant IL33 in the adult augments ILC2 levels and increases Th2 cell numbers. In humans, we have observed elevated levels of IL33, IL13, and IL5 in nasal washes from RSV-infected infants. Additionally, ILC2s are present in higher numbers in cord blood mononuclear cells compared to adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data indicate an important role for ILC2s and IL33 in the immunopathogenesis of severe infant RSV infection - for which there remains no adequate therapeutic/vaccine.
PSYCHOANALYTIC STRUCTURALISM IN THE CAHIERS POUR L'ANALYSE

This paper examines key articles contained within the experimental journal of philosophy Cahiers pour l'Analyse, published in Paris between 1966 and 1969, with a view to assessing the different ways in which Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, along with Althusser's structural Marxism, were appropriated by the journal's authors. In particular, early writings by Jacques-Alain Miller and Andre Green published in the journal are interrogated for the differences they reveal in the ways that “object,” “formalization” and “subject” were conceived by the theoretical partisans of structuralism in 1960s Paris. More broadly, the article argues for a renewed attention to the formation of Lacanian-inflected structuralist thought, with a view to understanding the underlying conceptual conflicts, more than the seeming continuities, that made it such a dynamic, transdisciplinary moment in the evolution of Western philosophy.
The Harm in Hate Speech

Every liberal democracy has laws or codes against hate speech - except the United States. For constitutionalists, regulation of hate speech violates the First Amendment and damages a free society. Against this absolutist view, Jeremy Waldron argues powerfully that hate speech should be regulated as part of our commitment to human dignity and to inclusion and respect for members of vulnerable minorities. Causing offense - by depicting a religious leader as a terrorist in a newspaper cartoon, for example - is not the same as launching a libelous attack on a group's dignity, according to Waldron, and it lies outside the reach of law. But defamation of a minority group, through hate speech, undermines a public good that can and should be protected: the basic assurance of inclusion in society for all members. A social environment polluted by anti-gay leaflets, Nazi banners, and burning crosses sends an implicit message to the targets of such hatred: your security is uncertain and you can expect to face humiliation and discrimination when you leave your home. Free-speech advocates boast of despising what racists say but defending to the death their right to say it. Waldron finds this emphasis on intellectual resilience misguided and points instead to the threat hate speech poses to the lives, dignity, and reputations of minority members. Finding support for his view among philosophers of the Enlightenment, Waldron asks us to move beyond knee-jerk American exceptionalism in our debates over the serious consequences of hateful speech.
Nano- and Pico-Scale Transport Phenomena in Fluids

A new theoretical approach to describe pre-hydrodynamic stages of evolution in nonequilibrium fluids is presented. The local density, velocity, and temperature fields are expressed as integrals over Green's functions that depend on initial-state ensemble averages of dynamical quantities. For systems in which the initial states are nonuniform in only one spatial direction, explicit expressions for the Green's functions are derived in terms of initial-state ensemble averages of moments of particle displacements and products of particle velocities and particle displacements.
Point Mutations in Centromeric Histone Induce Post-zygotic Incompatibility and Uniparental Inheritance

The centromeric histone 3 variant (CENH3, aka CENP-A) is essential for the segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. To better define CENH3 functional constraints, we complemented a null allele in Arabidopsis with a variety of mutant alleles, each inducing a single amino acid change in conserved residues of the histone fold domain. Many of these transgenic missense lines displayed wild-type growth and fertility on self-pollination, but exhibited frequent post-zygotic death and uniparental inheritance when crossed with wild-type plants. The failure of centromeres marked by these missense mutation in the histone fold domain of CENH3 reproduces the genome elimination syndromes described with chimeric CENH3 and CENH3 from diverged species. Additionally, evidence that a single point mutation is sufficient to generate a haploid inducer provide a simple one-step method for the identification of non-transgenic haploid inducers in existing mutagenized collections of crop species. As proof of the extreme simplicity of this approach to create haploid-inducing lines, we performed an in silico search for previously identified point mutations in CENH3 and identified an Arabidopsis line carrying the A86V substitution within the histone fold domain. This A87V non-transgenic line, while fully fertile on self-pollination, produced postzygotic death and uniparental haploids when crossed to wild type.
Identifying metabolic enzymes with multiple types of association evidence

Existing large-scale metabolic models of sequenced organisms commonly include enzymatic functions which can not be attributed to any gene in that organism. Existing computational strategies for identifying such missing genes rely primarily on sequence homology to known enzyme-encoding genes. We present a novel method for identifying genes encoding for a specific metabolic function based on a local structure of metabolic network and multiple types of functional association evidence, including clustering of genes on the chromosome, similarity of phylogenetic profiles, gene expression, protein fusion events and others. Using E. coli and S. cerevisiae metabolic networks, we illustrate predictive ability of each individual type of association evidence and show that significantly better predictions can be obtained based on the combination of all data. In this way our method is able to predict 60% of enzyme-encoding genes of E. coli metabolism within the top 10 (out of 3551) candidates for their enzymatic function, and as a top candidate within 43% of the cases. We illustrate that a combination of genome context and other functional association evidence is effective in predicting genes encoding metabolic enzymes. Our approach does not rely on direct sequence homology to known enzyme-encoding genes, and can be used in conjunction with traditional homology-based metabolic reconstruction methods. The method can also be used to target orphan metabolic activities.
Flame volume synthesis of carbon-coated WO 3 nanoplatelets and nanorods

This paper reports the flame synthesis of WO3/C organic/inorganic octagonal nanoplatelets and nanorods. A high-purity tungsten wire inserted into the oxygen-rich region of the flame was used as a material source. The growth of the formed nanostructures starts with the oxidation of the metal probe, and evaporation of the oxide layer which is followed by the transport of the tungsten oxide vapors from the oxygen-rich to the hydrocarbon-rich zone of the flame. In the oxygen-rich zone, tungsten oxide vapors are crystallized into well-defined single crystal octagonal nanoplatelets. The continuous vapor deposition leads to the nanoplatelet growth in a preferred direction resulting in elongated rod-like nanostructures. The tungsten oxide structures entering the hydrocarbon-rich zone of the flame are coated with carbon layers forming hybrid WO3/C nanomaterials. The ideal conditions for the rapid and direct formation of these novel nanostructures are attributed to the synergy of the strong thermal and chemical gradients present in the flame volume. The entire process takes only a few seconds. A proposed mechanism of the hybridization process of the WO3 nanorods and nanoplatelets to WO3/C is described.
Instructional Management of a Private and a Government Secondary School Principal in Northern Pakistan.

Abstract This study investigated the instructional management of a private and a government secondary school principal in the Gigit-Baltistan region of Northern Pakistan. The study used the following lenses to examine the instructional behavior of the two principals: supervisory techniques, professional development activities, curriculum enrichment, and the availability of instructional resources. A comparison between the levels of engagement of the private and public school principals for the promotion of instructional matter suggests that the private school principal spent more time than the government principal on the development of instructional practices in his school. The study maintains that variables, such as structural processes, personal disposition of principals, and staff characteristics, led the two subjects to deal with their instructional responsibility differently.
Pastoral counsel for the anxious naturalist : Daniel Dennett's Freedom Evolves

Daniel Dennett's Freedom Evolves is a rhetorically powerful but philosophically unconvincing attempt to show that a deterministic and ontologically reductionist, but epistemologically pluralist, outlook may peacefully coexist with a robust acceptance of human freedom and moral responsibility. The key to understanding the harmony rests in recognizing that freedom is not a metaphysical or physical condition but is instead a product of deeply embedded social practices. I argue that Dennett's project rests on an unargued and implausible deflationary stance toward basic metaphysics.
PITUITARY TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACROMEGALY.

Pituitary adenomas from 50 patients with acromegaly were studied cytologically. Bio-assay for growth hormone activity was performed in 6 of these. The adenomas were classified into 2 distinct groups and designated as typical (6 cases) and atypical (44 cases) adenomas of acromegaly. Typical adenomas were composed of well-granulated acidophils, and the 2 tumors that were bioassayed had a relatively high concentration of growth hormone activity. All 6 typical adenomas were small intrasellar tumors that produced no visual field defects and which were found at necropsy in elderly patients, usually males, with well-developed acral overgrowth. Death in these cases was incidental to the tumor, being most often of cardiovascular origin. The atypical adenomas were a heterogeneous group of larger pituitary tumors composed of moderately or sparsely granulated acidophils and agranular cells that were indistinguishable from chromophobes. The concentration of growth hormone activity was relatively low in 3 of the 4 tumo...
Flavor of Cheddar Cheese: A Chemical and Sensory Perspective

Considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the biochemical processes occurring during ripening of Cheddar cheese, which in turn has major consequences on flavor and texture development. The present review outlines major metabolic pathways and agents involved in the modification of milk constituents in Cheddar cheese ripening. Mechanisms of volatile flavor and off-flavor production and recent developments in the analysis, both sensory and instrumental, of Cheddar flavor and flavor compounds are also detailed here.
Immunoprecipitable polypeptides specified by varicella-zoster virus.

Abstract Polypeptides encoded by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in infected cell cultures have been identified by radioimmune precipitation techniques. Detergent-solubilized extracts of VZV-infected cells were reacted with highly specific VZV antisera raised in strain-2 guinea pigs immunized with sonicates of syngeneic virus-infected cells. Fractionation of the immunoprecipitates in acrylamide slab gels demonstrated an average of 16 polypeptides, which ranged in molecular weight from 32,000 to a200,000. These included the three major immunogenic glycoproteins (gp 62, gp 98, and gp 118) and a prominent higher molecular weight nonglycosylated polypeptide at 155,000. One of the [ 35 S]methionine-labeled polypeptides comigrated with purified actin. Not all polypeptides were visible in any one particular fluorogram, but comparative analysis of polypeptide profiles derived from electrophoreses performed with different gel concentrations and different crosslinkers (methylene-bisacrylamide and N,N -diallyltartardiamide) clearly established a consistent and reproducible pattern of radioactive bands. A low background of radio-activity was nonspecifically precipitated by the antigen-antibody-protein A complexes; however, with the exception of a common band comigrating with actin, the electrophoretic profiles representing virus-specific and nonspecific immunoprecipitates were easily distinguished.