cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of transformed (phasic to tonic) motor neurons to the neuromodulator 5-HT.

Long-term adaptation resulting in a 'tonic-like' state can be induced in phasic motor neurons of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, by daily low-frequency stimulation [Lnenicka, G.A., Atwood, H.L., 1985b. Long-term facilitation and long-term adaptation at synapses of a crayfish phasic motoneuron. J. Neurobiol. 16, 97-110]. To test the hypothesis that motor neurons undergoing adaptation show increased responses to the neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT), phasic motor neurons innervating the deep abdominal extensor muscles of crayfish were stimulated at 2.5 Hz, 2 h/day, for 7 days. One day after cessation of conditioning, contralateral control and conditioned motor neurons of the same segment were stimulated at 1 Hz and the induced excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded from DEL(1) muscle fibers innervated by each motor neuron type. Recordings were made in saline without and with 100 nM 5-HT. EPSP amplitudes were increased by 5-HT exposure in all cases. Conditioned muscles exposed to 5-HT showed a 2-fold higher percentage of increase in EPSP amplitude than did control muscles. Thus, the conditioned motor neurons behaved like intrinsically tonic motoneurons in their response to 5-HT. While these results show that long-term adaptation (LTA) extends to 5-HT neuromodulation, no phenotype switch could be detected in the postsynaptic muscle. Protein isoform profiles, including the myosin heavy chains, do not change after 1 week of conditioning their innervating motor neurons.
Does caloric restriction extend life in wild mice

To investigate whether mice genetically unaltered by many generations of laboratory selection exhibit similar hormonal and demographic responses to caloric restriction (CR) as laboratory rodents, we performed CR on cohorts of genetically heterogeneous male mice which were grandoffspring of wild-caught ancestors. Although hormonal changes, specifically an increase in corticosterone and decrease in testosterone, mimicked those seen in laboratory-adapted rodents, we found no difference in mean longevity between ad libitum (AL) and CR dietary groups, although a maximum likelihood fitted Gompertz mortality model indicated a significantly shallower slope and higher intercept for the CR group. This result was due to higher mortality in CR animals early in life, but lower mortality late in life. A subset of animals may have exhibited the standard demographic response to CR in that the longest-lived 8.1% of our animals were all from the CR group. Despite the lack of a robust mean longevity difference between groups, we did note a strong anticancer effect of CR as seen in laboratory rodents. Three plausible interpretations of our results are the following: (1) animals not selected under laboratory conditions do not show the typical CR effect; (2) because wild-derived animals eat less when fed AL, our restriction regime was too severe to see the CR effect; or (3) there is genetic variation for the CR effect in wild populations; variants that respond to CR with extended life are inadvertently selected for under conditions of laboratory domestication.
On the stability of a laminar incompressible boundary layer over a flexible surface

The stability of small two-dimensional travelling-wave disturbances in an incompressible laminar boundary layer over a flexible surface is considered. By first determining the wall admittance required to maintain a wave of given wave-number and phase speed, a characteristic equation is deduced which, in the limit of zero wall flexibility, reduces to that occurring in the ordinary stability theory of Tollmien and Schlichting. The equation obtained represents a slight and probably insignificant improvement upon that given recently by Benjamin (1960). Graphical methods are developed to determine the curve of neutral stability, as well as to identify the various modes of instability classified by Benjamin as ‘Class A’, ‘Class B’, and ‘Kelvin-Helmholtz’ instability, respectively. Also, a method is devised whereby the optimum combination of surface effective mass, wave speed, and damping required to stabilize any given unstable Tollmien-Schlichting wave can be determined by a simple geometrical construction in the complex wall-admittance plane.What is believed to be a complete physical explanation for the influence of an infinite flexible wall on boundary-layer stability is presented. In particular, the effect of damping in the wall is discussed at some length. The seemingly paradoxical result that damping destabilizes class A waves (i.e. waves of the Tollmien-Schlichting type) is explained by considering the related problem of flutter of an infinite panel in incompressible potential flow, for which damping has the same qualitative effect. It is shown that the class A waves are associated with a decrease of the total kinetic and elastic energy of the fluid and the wall, so that any dissipation of energy in the wall will only make the wave amplitude increase to compensate for the lowered energy level. The Kelvin-Helmholtz type of instability will occur when the effective stiffness of the panel is too low to withstand, for all values of the phase speed, the pressure forces induced on the wavy wall.The numerical examples presented show that the increase in the critical Reynolds number that can be achieved with a wall of moderate flexibility is modest, and that some other explanation for the experimentally observed effects of a flexible wall on the friction drag must be considered.
General Anesthesia for a Child With Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, a Case Report

Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a rare, epileptiform disorder with a pathognomonic sudden aphasia, epilepsy, and electroencephalographic abnormalities. It was first described in 1957. No case reports are included in the anesthesia literature. This case report describes a 9-year-old male who was treated for dental caries while under intubated general anesthesia. The case was successful and uneventful, with multiple precautions taken to prevent seizures or other complications. The authors hope that this report will provoke communication and additional case reports.
Approximation of conservative fields and the element 'edge shape matrix'

The accuracy of finite element approximation on tetrahedral elements is studied using the previously derived maximum eigenvalue condition. This condition is linked with the minimum singular value of the element 'edge shape matrix' that characterizes the flatness of an element. A geometric interpretation of these results is discussed. From the theoretical viewpoint, a better insight into the mechanism of approximation errors is gained. From the practical perspective, a precise characterization of shape of tetrahedral elements becomes possible.
The Appropriateness of Using Various Minkowskian Metrics for Representing Cognitive Configurations

Cognitive mapping has been a rapidly growing area of research concerned with how cognitive information about environments is represented, interpreted, and used. One area of research has been concerned with what geometry best represents cognitive spatial information. This paper further pursues this topic by examining which of three Minkowskian metrics (city-block, Euclidean, dominance) is most appropriate for representing cognitive configurations.
The Detection of Modification in Animal Fibers I. Use of the Ratio (Hookean Slope in H2O/ Hookean Slope in Conditioned Air)

The ratio (Hookean slope in H2O/ Hookean slope at 65% R.H.), where both measurements of the Hookean slope are on the same fiber, is shown to be independent of fiber cross-sectional area, and, for a...
Improving usefulness of software quality classification models based on Boolean discriminant functions

BDF (Boolean discriminant functions) are an attractive technique for software quality estimation. Software quality classification models based on BDF provide stringent rules for classifying not fault-prone modules (nfp), thereby predicting a large number of modules as fp. Such models are practically not useful from software quality assurance and software management points of view. This is because, given the large number of modules predicted as fp, project management will face a difficult task of deploying, cost-effectively, the always-limited reliability improvement resources to all the fp modules. This paper proposes the use of generalized Boolean discriminant functions (GBDF) as a solution for improving the practical and managerial usefulness of classification models based on BDF. In addition, the use of GBDF avoids the need to build complex hybrid classification models in order to improve usefulness of models based on BDF. A case study of a full-scale industrial software system is presented to illustrate the promising results obtained from using the proposed classification technique using GBDF.
Beyond physics: A case for far transfer

This is a case study of a physics undergraduate who claimed that he “uses physics to understand other subjects.” This statement suggested that this student could describe issues concerning the transfer of learning and especially instances of far transfer. Detailed instances of far transfer have been difficult to replicate in lab settings. Therefore, three interviews were designed to investigate this student’s claims about using physics to understand other subjects as a means to better understand far transfer processes. Transfer in this case study is defined as the personal construction of relations of similarity. Furthermore, I operationalize this definition of transfer via 12 aspects of transfer derived from the work of several contemporary researchers who study the transfer of learning. As part of this case study I also investigate the subject’s motivation for engaging in far transfer. Directions for future research are discussed which includes the need to study the role of personal epistemology in far transfer as well as a larger investigation of students who transfer broadly across school subjects.
Trabecular bone microarchitecture in female collegiate gymnasts

Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we observed more developed trabecular bone microarchitecture in the proximal tibia of female collegiate gymnasts vs. matched controls. This suggests that high-load physical activity may have a positive effect on the trabecular microarchitecture in weight-bearing bone. Participation in physical activities that overload the skeleton, such as artistic gymnastics, is associated with increased areal bone mineral density (aBMD); however, the status of trabecular microarchitecture in the weight-bearing bone of gymnasts is unknown. Eight female collegiate artistic gymnasts and eight controls matched for age, height, body mass, gender and race were recruited for the study. Apparent trabecular bone volume to total volume (appBV/TV), trabecular number (appTb.N), thickness (appTb.Th) and trabecular separation (appTb.Sp) were determined using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Areal bone mineral density, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area in the proximal tibia were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Group differences were determined using t-tests. The magnitude of group differences was expressed using Cohen’s d (d). Gymnasts had higher appBV/TV (13.6%, d = 1.22) and appTb.N (8.4%, d = 1.45), and lower appTb.Sp (13.7%, d = 1.33) than controls (p 0.05). The findings suggest that high-load physical activity, such as performed during gymnastics training, may enhance the trabecular microarchitecture of weight-bearing bone.
Early Science at the Newberry Library: An Introduction

The Newberry Library of Chicago is an independent history and humanities research library. Its 1.5 million printed books and 4500 linear feet of manuscripts on European and American history, English and American literature, travel and discovery in the New World, and music were, until recently, not thought to include much material on the sciences. A search of the card catalogue has already yielded over 1500 scientific titles, with the likelihood that 700–1000 more will be found, scattered among the Library's collections.
The Conserved Mec1/Rad53 Nuclear Checkpoint Pathway Regulates Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

How mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is determined and modulated according to cellular demands is largely unknown. Our previous investigations of the related DNA helicases Pif1p and Rrm3p unco...
The Slave Trade to the Río de la Plata, 1777–1812: Trans-Imperial Networks and Atlantic Warfare

Atlantic European empires faced reform and centralization in the second half of the eighteenth century at a time when Spanish American dominions were challenged by British and Portuguese interests....
Measurement equivalence of the brief comprehensive effects of alcohol scale in a multiethnic sample of college students.

Objectives This study examined the measurement equivalence of the Brief Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol scale (B-CEOA; Ham et al., 2005)—a measure that assesses alcohol outcome expectancies (AOE) and expectancy evaluations—across ethnic groups and genders among multiethnic college student samples. Method Undergraduates provided self-report data in two multisite studies (Study 1: N = 1,536, 75.5% women, Mage = 19.6 years old, 56.4% European American, 9.8% African American, 7.6% Asian American, and 26.2% Hispanic/Latino American; Study 2: N = 7,767, 72.6% women, Mage = 19.8 years old, 63.3% European American, 7.9% African American, 14.3% Asian American, and 14.5% Hispanic/Latino American). Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a positive and negative 4-factor model. Positive and negative AOE and expectancy evaluations were positively associated with hazardous alcohol use. Measurement equivalence of the B-CEOA across ethnicities and genders was largely supported. Conclusions This study provides support for the utility of the B-CEOA in college students of different ethnicities and genders in assessment and prevention.
Using A Web-Based Supply Chain Management Simulation As An Experiential Learning Tool Across The Business Curriculum

A web based version of the common “Beer Distribution Game” that facilitates experiential learning was developed and tested for use across the business curriculum. While the fundamental elements of the original paper based game were preserved, the web-based on-line multiplayer version offers refinements to game play, administration and debriefing that allow more focus on the learning experience and open possible applications beyond the traditional one-time demonstration of the bullwhip effect. The web-based supply chain management simulation was tested and refined in Strategic Management courses and Integrated Business Curriculum courses at two widely separated universities. Students responded favorably to the on-line simulation and were very willing to reflect on what they learned about how they made decisions, how worked under conditions of uncertainty, how they treated information and how they worked in the supply chain environment. The simulation can be used to demonstrate systems thinking and various other concepts throughout the business school curriculum including courses in Operations Management, Strategy, Information Systems, and Marketing.
Collaborative Problem Solving

Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) is an evidence-based, cognitive-behavioral psychosocial treatment approach first described in the book The Explosive Child (Greene, 1998). The model blends many different lines of theory and research, including developmental theory, systems theory, social learning theory, and research in the neurosciences. CPS has been applied predominantly to youth with externalizing behavior problems, and has been implemented in a wide range of settings, including families, ­general and special education schools, inpatient psychiatry units, and residential and juvenile correction facilities. This chapter describes the most current rendition of the model, along with research findings to date.
Deterministic Divisibility Testing via Shifted Partial Derivatives

Kayal has recently introduced the method of shifted partial derivatives as a way to give the first exponential lower bound for computing an explicit polynomial as a sum of powers of constant-degree polynomials. This method has garnered further attention because of the work of Gupta, Kamath, Kayal and Saptharishi who used this method to obtain lower bounds that approach the "chasm at depth-4". In this work, we investigate to what extent this method can be used to obtain deterministic polynomial identity testing (PIT) algorithms, which are algorithms that decide whether a given algebraic circuit computes the zero polynomial. In particular, we give a poly(s)(log s)-time deterministic black-box PIT algorithm for a size-s sum of powers of constant-degree polynomials. This is the first sub-exponential deterministic PIT algorithm for this model of computation and the first PIT algorithm based on the method of shifted partial derivatives. We also study the problem of divisibility testing, which when given multivariate polynomials f and g (as algebraic circuits) asks to decide whether f divides g. Using Strassen's technique for the elimination of divisions, we show that one can obtain deterministic divisibility testing algorithms via deterministic PIT algorithms, and this reduction does not dramatically increase the complexity of the underlying algebraic circuits. Using this reduction, we show that deciding divisibility of a constant-degree polynomial f into a sparse polynomial g reduces to PIT of sums of a monomial multiplied by a power of constant-degree polynomials. We then extend the method of shifted partial derivatives to give a poly(s)(log s)-time deterministic black-box PIT algorithm for this model of computation, and thus derive a corresponding deterministic divisibility algorithm. This is the first non-trivial deterministic algorithm for this problem. Previous work on multivariate divisibility testing due to Saha, Saptharishi and Saxena gave algorithms for when f is linear and g is sparse, and essentially worked via PIT algorithms for read-once (oblivious) algebraic branching programs (roABPs). We give explicit sums of powers of quadratic polynomials that require exponentially-large roABPs in a strong sense, showing that techniques known for roABPs have limited applicability in our regime. Finally, by combining our results with the algorithm of Forbes, Shpilka and Saptharishi we obtain poly(s)(log log s)-time deterministic black-box PIT algorithms for various models (translations of sparse polynomials, and sums of monomials multiplied by a power of a linear polynomial) where only poly(s) (Theta(log s))-time such algorithms were previously known.
Mobile phone apps in CS0 using App Inventor for Android: pre-conference workshop

App Inventor for Android (AIA) is a new visual programming environment developed by Google to enable nonprogrammers to create simple mobile phone applications on Android phones. AIA programs are constructed by dragging and dropping components into an interface designer, and then describing the behavior of the components in a Scratch-like block-based programming environment. Programs are developed on a computer, and then downloaded and tested on a phone. In a Fall 2009 pilot program, AIA was used in introductory courses at eleven colleges and universities and at a high school. This workshop is targeted at faculty teaching introductory computer science courses in college or high school. We will lead hands-on activities in which participants will create applications and test them on phones that we will provide. We will also describe our experiences with using it in our courses, demonstrate applications created by students, and discuss relevant teaching techniques and practical issues.
Aspermatogenesis Induced by Testicular Antigen Uncombined with Adjuvant

SummaryAspermatogenesis was induced in adult guinea pigs (1) by repeated intracutaneous injections of homologous testicular homogenate without adjuvant, and (2) by injection of testicular antigen and complete adjuvant in separate sites on the same side of the nuchal mid-line. With testicular tissue alone, severe germinal lesions were induced after 100 days in animals injected 3 or 6 times weekly with 0.1 or 0.05 ml, respectively. Degree of germinal damage resulting from separate-site injection of uncombined antigen and adjuvant was comparable to that when testis is incorporated into complete paraffin oil adjuvants prior to administration. Results of separate-site injections suggest dependency on a common lymphatic drainage system.
The nutrient content of the Italian Food Supply 1961–1992

Objective: To highlight the methodology used to determine nutrient per capita per day values, to report values for food energy and 12 nutrients and to compare these values with FAO nutrient per capita values and Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs) for Italy. Design: The nutrient content of the Italian food supply was calculated using food per capita data from FAO and food composition data from the Italian National Nutrition Institute. Results: All nutrient per capita values have increased since 1961 except carboyhdrate. Wheat-based products were important sources of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, iron, and potassium; and vegetables were predominant sources of vitamin A, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, and potassium. The increase in red meats has accounted for some of the increases in fat, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, and iron. FAO reported higher values for energy, fat and niacin and lower values for protein, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, calcium in all years. The trends for vitamin A and iron were similar in both data sets; however, there were switches in which set reported higher values. The trends for niacin and calcium were not similar. When compared with the RDIs, most of the nutrients were adequate. The exceptions were iron for females ages 10–59 and calcium for adolescents. Conclusion: Different nutrient values and sometimes trends resulted when nutrient composition data and edible portion factors specific to Italy were used to determine nutrient per capita values. The nutrient content of the Italian food supply changed between 1961 and 1992, suggesting dietary patterns in Italy also changed. Sponsorship: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, US Department of Agriculture.
Cultural Separation of Bacteria on the Basis of Triphenyl Methane Co-Efficients

The general parallelism between the Gram reaction and normal selective bacteriostasis by the triphenylmethane dyes is well established, as is also the existence of a small number of organisms in each group which do not follow the rule. Reverse extrinsic bacteriostasis has been demonstrated, but only within a very limited field. The discovery of substances possessing reverse selective power, comparable in extent to normal selective power, would be of value. In the absence of such substances, the slight quantitative differences in the behavior toward dyes, of organisms belonging to the same Gram group, may be turned to account. The authors have determined with great accuracy the crystal violet coefficients of five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative organisms. These observations show that all known aerobic organisms could probably, on the basis of their triphenylmethane coefficients, be placed on a curve, which would on the whole, parallel the Gram reaction. The possibilities of separating Gram-negative or...
Research on dynamic weighing highway preventive system based on bending plate sensor

To improve the reliability and stability of the highway preventive system,the key is to improve the accuracy class of dynamic weighting system,propose a dynamic weighing data processing method combining the expert system and fuzzy multi-threshold de-noising algorithm. Because of more knowledge and complex process in dynamic bending sensor weighing process,use expert system to deal with these knowledge; due to strength of interference of signal of the dynamic weighing system in different wavelet decomposition layers and different data range is different,use fuzzy multi-threshold de-noising algorithm to elimination noise of the original dynamic weighing data,makes the reconstructed dynamic weighing datas meet the requirement and in the Matlab analysis shows that the algorithm is effective. Verified through field trials,the combination of the expert system and fuzzy multi-threshold de-noising algorithm,makes the system weighing error less than 2 % and the weighing accuracy achieves the second class index.
Toxic Factors in Tall Fescue

Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb .), a well adapted perennial grass grown in the transition zone of the U.S., frequently produces toxic symptoms and(or) reduced animal performance. Specific syndromes associated with tall fescue include fescue foot, summer syndrome and fat necrosis. Summer syndrome is related to high environmental temperatures rather than an increase of toxic compound(s) during the summer months. Recent studies have related the summer syndrome to the presence of an endophytic fungus. The fungus has been identified as Epichlo e typhina or Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams by different research groups. Only one fungus is probably involved and it is only the identification that is questioned. The toxic compound(s) involved in fescue toxicity syndromes has not been identified, however, several alkaloids have been associated with depressed animal performance. Other evidence indicates that compounds other than alkaloids may be involved. The depressed prolactin levels associated with fescue toxicosis may provide a technique to aid in the identification of the toxic compound. The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for the detection of the fungus should prove an effective tool to identify and thus select fungus free tall fescue seed.
Axioms and Machines

We have said in preceding chapters that an important motivation in abstracting logical forms is to provide the basis for a test of validity which can be regarded as mechanical. In these last chapters, we will be discussing whether there are any grounds for supposing that the tests of validity embodied in our logical systems do not really achieve the objective of a mechanical test. It will be found that “mechanical” is a somewhat vague term as measured against the theoretical possibilities of testing procedures. But for the moment we may ask whether proofs can be carried out without dependence upon the significance of the symbolism in which the proofs are expressed. In other words, we are asking whether in developing proofs we need to depend implicitly upon the significance of the symbolism to guide the process of proof development. The test for this is to determine whether an appropriate machine could be devised which could. carry out the various proof procedures used to test for validity in the various logical systems. One may argue that machine computation cannot depend upon insight, or upon an understanding of the symbolism, in just the appropriate sense to answer our question.
Physical Division: Jingju in Performance and Theory

To give the reader a solid understanding of the aesthetics of jingju and how they relate to Gao’s own theories, this chapter goes into depth on how jingju operates in performance (based on my own experience as an audience member). Moving beyond the erroneous work of Brecht on Chinese performance, this chapter looks at deeper aesthetics than distancing or the spectacle of acrobatics. Careful not to overwhelm the reader with foreign vocabulary, this chapter looks at the emotional presentation of character in performance, goes on to the physical work of the actors, and concludes with a consideration that jingju demands an awareness of character and actor that may not be as foreign to Western audiences than expected.
On reducibility of -adic principal series representations of -adic groups

We study the continuous principal series representations of split connected reductive padic groups over p-adic fields. We show that such representations are irreducible when the inducing character lies in a certain cone. This is consistent with a conjecture of Schneider regarding reducibility in the semisimple case.
The Impact of Health Literacy on Surgical Outcomes Following Radical Cystectomy

Health literacy is the ability to obtain, comprehend, and act on medical information and is an independent predictor of health outcomes in patients with chronic health conditions. However, little has been reported regarding the potential association of health literacy and surgical outcomes. We hypothesized that patient complications after radical cystectomy would be associated with health literacy. In a sample of 368 patients, we found that higher health literacy scores (as determined by the Brief Health Literacy Screen) were associated with decreased odds of developing minor complications (odds ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [0.83, 0.97]). Health literacy should be considered when caring for patients undergoing radical cystectomy and should serve as a potential indicator of the need for additional resources to improve postoperative outcomes.
Sialidase Unmasks Mucin Domain Epitopes of Lubricin

Lubricin is a secreted, mucin-like glycoprotein and proteoglycan abundant in synovial fluid that provides boundary lubrication and prevents cell adhesion in synovial joints. The antilubricin S6.79 ...
Humanistic Psychology and Humanistic Social Science

L'A. considere ce qui peut contribuer a la constitution d'un humanisme interdisciplinaire. Son interet se porte au-dela des visees theoriques pour un modele oriente sur l'action permettant aux organisations professionnelles de combiner leurs efforts. Il rappelle trois caracteristiques du mouvement humaniste : la centralite de l'experience humaine comme donnee de base ; l'accent mis sur les modeles theoriques holistes ; la defense d'une science sociale basee sur des valeurs et affirmant des valeurs. Trois aires de recherche interdisciplinaire peuvent s'averer particulierement fructueuses : explorer la relation entre la personne, la communaute et la societe ; affronter les defis organisationnels internes de l'ouverture a la diversite culturelle et de la marginalite academique ; developper un concept de democratie profonde qui etendrait la democratie de la sphere politique aux spheres culturelles et economiques.
Proscribing Prescriptions: A Legal Analysis Of State Off-Label Restrictions On Medication Abortion

Regardless of the demonstrated effectiveness, safety, and general popularity of the evidence-based regimen for prescribing the medication abortion drug mifepristone, several states have attempted to require providers to adhere to the outdated and hazardous on-label regimen approved by the FDA in 2000. Although courts have either permanently or temporarily enjoined off-label restrictions in Arizona, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, for women in North Dakota, Texas, and Ohio, such laws are still in effect. In an unexpected turn of events, the FDA approved a new on-label regimen based on evidence and clinical trials in March 2016. This short article provides necessary context to this updated regimen, including what impact it may have on low-income women in off-label restriction states.
Identifying heart failure hospitalizations: can an automated algorithm become a gold standard?

> I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description [“hard-core pornography”]; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it , and the motion picture involved in this case is not that. [Emphasis added.] > > —Justice Potter Stewart, concurring opinion in Jacobellis v. Ohio 378 US 184 (1964), about possible obscenity in The Lovers. Thus, I know it when I see it became a well-known colloquial expression in which one attempts to categorize an observation that perhaps is subjective or without clearly defined parameters. In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure , this concept is central in evaluating classification of heart failure hospitalizations because Loehr et al1 describe the comparison of an automated algorithm with a physician reviewer panel who presumably know it when they see it. Article see p 719 The article is of particular relevance given the increasing importance of accurately assessing events, such as heart failure hospitalizations which, as the authors point out, are a crucial part of clinical research and epidemiology in heart failure. In clinical research, heart failure hospitalizations have become a component of the primary outcome of recent clinical trials to assess the efficacy of new therapies. Of course, it was not always so because early clinical heart failure trials focused on all-cause mortality. Therapies, such as converting enzyme inhibitors, β blockers, and aldosterone antagonists, became standard of care because of their demonstration of life-saving potential.2–4 Because the field has matured in knowledge and treatment, it has become more difficult to prove efficacy in reducing mortality, and it has also become apparent that a large part of the burden of heart failure involves hospitalizations, particularly those related to the disease. …
Frailty and quality of life in adult survivors of childhood cancer.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for frailty, a state of diminished physiologic reserve, typically seen in older adults, associated with morbidity and mortality. They are also at risk for poor quality of life. This review explores potential associations between frailty and quality of life and proposes potential interventions that may prevent or remediate frail health.Areas covered: A literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE was undertaken using key words: childhood cancer survivors and each of the following: frailty, physical performance, emotional health, and quality of life. 796 abstracts were reviewed for relevance. Reference lists for retrieved articles were consulted for pertinent manuscripts (N = 40). Recent literature (from January 2013 to November 2016) was obtained using the key words: aging and frailty and quality of life. The final reference list includes 44 documents.Expert commentary: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for frailty and less than optim...
Whither the Pulmonary Ward Attending? Preserving Subspecialty Exposure in United States Internal Medicine Residency Training.

Twenty years ago, the term “hospitalist” was coined at the University of California–San Francisco (San Francisco, CA), heralding a new specialty focused on the care of inpatients. There are now more than 50,000 hospitalists practicing in the United States. At many academic medical centers, hospitalists are largely replacing subspecialists as attendings on the inpatient medicine wards. At University of California–San Francisco, this has been accompanied by declining percentages of residency graduates who enter subspecialty training in internal medicine. The decline in subspecialty medicine interest can be attributed to many factors, including differences in compensation, decreased subspecialist exposure, and a changing research funding landscape. Although there has not been systematic documentation of this trend in pulmonary and critical care medicine, we have noted previously pulmonary and critical care–bound trainees switching to hospital medicine instead. With our broad, multiorgan system perspective, p...
Limbic-motor integration by neural excitations and inhibitions in the nucleus accumbens.

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is thought to link expected rewards and action planning, but evidence for this idea remains sparse. We show that, across contexts, both excitatory and inhibitory cue-evo...
The Intertemporal Choice Triangle

We review previous and current experimental work on intertemporal choice based on the Intertemporal Choice Triangle paradigm. The paradigm is a framework for theoretical and experimental analysis of intertemporal choice that is analogous to the Marschak-Machina Probability Triangle which has been used to great effect in the analysis of choice under risk. In this paradigm, the hypothesis of present value maximization plays the role of an ideal benchmark relative to which actual intertemporal choice behavior can be compared, much as the hypothesis of expected utility maximization serves as a benchmark in experimental studies of choice under risk. We also review some preliminary tests of a new theoretical model of intertemporal choice, Order-Dependent Present Value Theory, which has a structure analogous to Rank-Dependent models of choice under risk, and which is testable within the intertemporal triangle framework.
SIGNIFICANT VARIABLE PAIRS WHICH EFFECT NEURAL NETWORK DERIVED PERSONNEL SCREENING SCORES

Trained neural networks incorporating nonlinear functions can be used to discover and identify systematic interactions among combinations of input variables. When the combinations of interest are limited only to pairs of variables, their number is reduced enough to permit the exhaustive exploration of all possible pair-combination effects generated by a neural network trained to perform binary classification. The experiments permit an identification of pairs of variables important for improving the classifications made by the network. Of particular interest are the more strongly interacting pairs of variables which independently make very small contributions to class-indicating scores
Hegel in a Strange Costume

Charles Peirce was influenced by German philosophy to conceive logic as one of a carefully related set of theoretical disciplines called the Normative Sciences, strategically located in his Classification of the Sciences between Phenomenology and Metaphysics. Barely enough evidence is available from his archived manuscripts to indicate how he might have developed that part of his philosophy in the three disciplines of esthetics, ethics, and logic-as-semiotic (I will use his preferred spelling, "semeotic"), which he says support his purpose for pragmatism in a theory of inquiry. I have investigated that evidence to find how his philosophy treats some neglected issues in modern philosophy (nominalism, intuition, automation) which limit the advancement of conceptual structures research, and suggest that his normative science will be required for effective knowledge creation and communication.
Flunking asthma? When HEDIS takes the ACT.

OBJECTIVE To test several patient-oriented asthma outcome measures and the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measure of appropriate medication for persistent asthma to determine the most useful quality indicator of asthma care. DESIGN Prospective mail survey of adult employees and dependents with asthma. METHODS The medical and pharmacy claims of all subjects from 12 months before and after the survey were abstracted. Outcomes measures included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), workday loss, unscheduled healthcare utilization (emergency department and inpatient care), and satisfaction with care. RESULTS Although 81% of all responders had wellcontrolled asthma, persistent asthma was uncontrolled in 28%. Only 64.5% received appropriate controller medication. Well-controlled asthma is associated with a high degree of satisfaction, less workday loss, fewer prednisone bursts, and minimal unscheduled healthcare utilization. Except for a reduced incidence of more than 2 oral corticosteroid dispensings (6.4% vs 13.6%, P = .012), compliance with the HEDIS appropriate medication for asthma was not positively associated with any of the patient-centered outcomes studied. CONCLUSIONS Asthma control was the most useful patient outcome quality indicator in this study. Compliance with the HEDIS asthma measure in this population was not associated with a better patient-oriented outcome. This finding may be different with different levels of asthma control. The positive association between well-controlled asthma and patient satisfaction, minimal unscheduled healthcare utilization, and low workday loss suggests that asthma control as measured by ACT may be a better performance measure in asthma.
Proceedings of the third ACM workshop on Airborne networks and communications

On behalf of the organizers, we extend a warm welcome to the third ACM MobiHoc workshop on "Airborne Networks and Communications" to all participants. Airborne networking has emerged as an important research discipline over the past few years. This workshop series is created to encouragefundamental as well as applied research in this important domain. It is a result of the ideas that emerged from the meetings held over the past several years on topics that focused on cyber-physical systems (CPS) for transportation. We believe that this workshop gives us an opportunity to discuss state-of-the-art, share our research results with our peers, and develop directions for future research in this emerging field. Research and development work in airborne networking and communications has been limited to military domain until a few years ago. However, over the past few years, the industry, federal organizations, and universities have started exploring the civilian applications of aerial networks, especially networks involving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). UAVs have already proven to be efficient and economical in many applications including border and port surveillance, earth and atmospheric studies, monitoring events such as forest fires, protecting critical infrastructure, and environmental monitoring, among others. With the proposed integration of UAS into National Airspace System (NAS) by FAA, numerous other civilian applications including pipeline patrol, law enforcement, cargo delivery, border patrol, and critical infrastructure protection are being envisioned. The use of UAS leads to significant cost benefits in such applications. Before UAS can be deployed in the civilian airspace, there are significant challenges that we as a research community need to tackle. Enhancing situational awareness, sense and avoid, safety and security capabilities, and improving vehicle autonomy are the most important among these challenges as discussed in the recent workshop on Transportation CPS that was held in January 2014. In addition, as emphasized in the same workshop, there is also a need for experimental flight tests to demonstrate the safety and security of people in heavily populated areas. During this workshop, we will hear from researchers around the world who are currently engaged in research activities related to airborne networking and communications. The topics include experimental test-beds, routing protocols in tactical airborne networking, and exploring data mule concepts in UAV swarms. The papers showcase the state of the art in UAV networking and communications, demonstrate the challenges in designing real-world applications involving airborne networking and communications. We encourage the readers to take a look at the special issue of IEEE Communications Magazine on enabling next-generation airborne communications that was published in May 2014.
NOMA-Aided Multicell Downlink Massive MIMO

Novel user clustering and pilot assignment schemes are proposed for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) aided multicell massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. Our proposed designs leverage the spatial covariance matrices of users, and they are applicable to both overloaded and underloaded cases. Users having linearly dependent covariance matrices are grouped into the same cluster, and they are assigned with orthogonal pilots to mitigate intra-cluster pilot contamination. These pilots are shared among the users in different clusters to reduce the training overhead. Then, the inter-cluster pilot contamination can be mitigated by exploiting asymptotically linearly independent covariance matrices of pilot-sharing users located in different clusters. The achievable downlink rates are derived by capturing the detrimental effects of practical transmission impairments and partial channel knowledge. Our analysis reveals that the user rates are not fundamentally limited by the intra/inter-cluster pilot contamination arising from pilot reuse for the underloaded case. We show that the achievable rate of each user increases without bound under zero-forcing precoding as the number of base-station antennas grows large. However, for the overloaded case, the users, which share the same spatial direction and located within a NOMA cluster, will have to share pilots. Thus, the achievable rate gains must be traded-off to enable massive connectivity. Three transmit power control policies are designed to maximize the sum rate, while achieving max-min user-fairness by mitigating the adverse near-far effect.
Achieving Aspirational Goals in Providing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Care

Sulfonylureas are a class of drugs widely used to promote insulin secretion in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These drugs interact with the sulfonylurea receptor of pancreatic beta cells and inhibit the conductance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium (KATP) channels. Cloning of complementary DNAs for the high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor indicates that it is a member of the ATP-binding cassette or traffic ATPase superfamily with multiple membrane-spanning domains and two nucleotide binding folds. The results suggest that the sulfonylurea receptor may sense changes in ATP and ADP concentration, affect KATP channel activity, and thereby modulate insulin release.
Accuracy of estimated fetal weight assessment in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital anomaly in which fetal abdominal organs herniate into the thoracic cavity through a diaphragmatic defect, which can impede fetal lung development. Standard formulas for estimated fetal weight include measurement of fetal abdominal circumference, which may be inaccurate in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia because of displacement of abdominal contents into the thorax. Objectives This study aimed to assess the accuracy of standard estimated fetal weight assessment in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by comparing prenatal assessment of fetal weight with actual birthweight. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of fetuses diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia was performed at a single center from 2012 to 2018. Fetuses with multiple anomalies or confirmed chromosome abnormalities were excluded. Estimated fetal weight was calculated using the Hadlock formula. Published estimates of fetal growth rate were used to establish a projected estimated fetal weight at birth from the final growth ultrasound, and the percentage difference between projected estimated fetal weight at birth and actual birthweight was calculated. A Wilcoxan rank-sum test was used to examine the difference between projected estimated fetal weight and birthweight. Results We had complete data for 77 fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The majority (76.6%, 55 of 77) had left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The median [interquartile range] projected estimated fetal weight was similar to median birthweight, at 3177 g [2691–3568] and 3180 g [2630–3500], respectively, which did not represent a statistically significant difference between projected estimated fetal weight and birthweight (P = .66). The median absolute percentage difference between projected birthweight and actual birthweight was 6.3% [3.2–7.0]. Estimated fetal weight was overall underestimated in a minority of cases (44.2%, 34 of 77). Conclusion In fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, standard measurements of fetal estimated fetal weight show accuracy that is at least comparable with previously established margins of error for ultrasound assessment of fetal weight. Standard estimated fetal weight assessment remains an appropriate method of estimating fetal weight in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.