cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Point Single-User MIMO Transmission Scheme for Communication Systems beyond LTE-Advanced

Downlink Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission schemes are often considered as an effective means to minimize the impact of co-channel interference from neighboring transmission point(s) on the performance of cell-edge users. For Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), CoMP was defined in Rel 11 and supports three types of transmission schemes: Coordinated Scheduling and Coordinated Beamforming (CS/CB), Joint Transmission (JT) and Dynamic Point Selection (DPS). For JT CoMP with single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), it is generally assumed that the user equipment (UE) receives each MIMO layer from multiple transmission points which apply joint precoding. In practice, however, such joint precoding is not always desirable from the performance perspective and system constraints. Therefore, in this paper we propose an alternative approach of supporting JT CoMP for SU-MIMO. More specifically, it is shown that for spatial multiplexing SU-MIMO transmission schemes it is beneficial to transmit MIMO layers with per-point precoding independently from the neighboring (i.e., non-serving) point(s) in addition to the MIMO layer(s) transmitted by the serving point. For the proposed multi-point SU-MIMO transmission scheme, an original proportional fair scheduling algorithm is developed to achieve load balancing across the cooperating transmission points. Using system-level simulations it is demonstrated that the considered multi-point SU-MIMO transmission scheme can improve the system performance and, therefore, may be considered as a candidate enhancement for next generation (5G) cellular communication systems beyond LTE-Advanced.
Endovascular Treatment of a Complex Renal Artery Aneurysm Using Coils and the Pipeline Embolization Device in a Patient with a Solitary Kidney.

Background We report a case of endovascular treatment of a complex renal artery aneurysm using the Pipeline Embolization Device, a flow diverting stent which is indicated for the treatment of large and giant cerebral aneurysms. Methods A forty-year-old female with medically refractory hypertension and congenital agenesis of the right kidney was found to have a 2.8-cm left superior renal artery branch aneurysm. The patient was treated successfully using the Pipeline Embolization Device (Medtronic, Irvine, CA) with coil embolization of the aneurysm and of one outflow vessel. Results On 3-year follow-up, her renal function was normal, vascular imaging showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm, and physiological remodeling of the reconstructed artery and parenchymal imaging showed no evidence of renal infarction. Conclusion Flow diverting stents are a valuable treatment option for visceral aneurysms with complex anatomy.
Modified QMLE's for Location and Zero-Augmented Multiplicative Error Models

This paper extends the Multiplicative Error Model (MEM) by adding the location parameter. The minimum of a sample is proved to be a consistent estimator for this parameter, and used to truncate the data set. If the truncated data set contains none or a trivial proportion of zeroes, the autoregressive coefficients in this model are estimated by a Gaussian Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimator (QMLE). Consistency and asymptotic normality of this estimator based on the truncated process are demonstrated under weak assumptions about random errors. If a large proportion of zeroes exist in the truncated data set, we adopt a Zero-Augmented distribution for the random errors. Such distribution consists of a probability mass assigned at zero and a continuous density function at nonzero values. We also propose a different QMLE without specifying the true density function, to estimate the probability mass and autoregressive coefficients. Similar asymptotic properties for this modified QMLE are established under weak assumptions. We present simulation studies and empirical analysis on IBM High Frequency trading data, to illustrate the asymptotic results and model improvement for both cases.
Body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, and birth outcomes in women with self-report eating disorder traits

Objective: To investigate body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, and birth outcomes among postpartum women with self-report psychological traits associated with eating disorders. Methods: A retrospective descriptive design was used to collect self-report eating disorder traits among a convenience sample of 54 postpartum women 19 to 43 years of age from a large hospital in the Pacific Northwest. Participants voluntarily completed a demographic form and Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) prior to discharge. EDI-3 risk scale scores (EDRS) were used to identify probable eating disorders. Medical records were reviewed for eating disorder history, BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, and birth outcomes. Results: Fifteen (27.8%) participants EDRS suggested the presence of an eating disorder, while one of the 54 medical records (1.85%) indicated a previous history. Women with self-report psychological traits associated with eating disorders and complete prenatal records inclusive of height and preconception weight (n = 10) had a mean BMI of 29.6 (clinically overweight/pre-obese). Of this subgroup, 60% (n = 6) gained more weight during pregnancy than recommended guidelines. Nearly 67% (n = 10) of the 15 participants had a cesarean section; two infants (13.3%) were born preterm and one (6.7%) was post-term. One infant (6.7%) was born with a neural tube defect. Conclusions: An overweight/pre-obese prenatal BMI and excessive weight gain during pregnancy may be indicative of an eating disorder. Women with self-report traits associated with eating disorders may be at risk for untoward pregnancy outcomes.
VECM and Variance Decomposition: An Application to the Consumption-Wealth Ratio

This study uses a variance decomposition technique, which doesn’t rely on the underlying economic theory, in order to implement a permanent-transitory variance decomposition of the consumption-wealth ratio. We break down the wealth variable into financial assets, tangible assets, and human assets. Using quarterly data over the last six decades, we rely on cointegration analysis as the framework for the study, in order to assess the long-term interrelation between consumption shocks, and those from each of the above mentioned wealth components. Our results indicate that wealth components tend to exhibit permanent shocks, while consumption shocks appear to be transitory. Moreover, the results also indicate a low contemporaneous correlation between shocks in consumption and the ones from financial assets, and also between shocks in consumption and the ones from tangible assets. In addition, the variance decomposition of consumption shocks seems to indicate that, over the time a significantly increasing proportion of consumption shocks is explained by financial assets.
Chiri, Mashiho (1909–1961)

Mashiho Chiri was the first ethnic Ainu person to attend Tokyo Imperial University and was hailed as the Ainu genius, countering claims of Ainu inferiority to the Japanese. He was born in Hokkaido, Japan, in 1909 to an Ainu family and grew up in the town of Muroran. Despite his Ainu heritage, the stigma associated with the Ainu language and culture at the time being what it was, he did not grow up speaking Ainu, but Japanese instead. He remarked that he would later have to learn Ainu as a foreign language, as he might French or German (German, Standard), and that this pained him greatly.
STEADI: CDC’s approach to make older adult fall prevention part of every primary care practice

Abstract Introduction Primary care providers play a critical role in protecting older adult patients from one of the biggest threats to their health and independence—falls. A fall among an older adult patient cannot only be fatal or cause a devastating injury, but can also lead to problems that can effect a patient's overall quality of life. Methods In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the STEADI initiative to give health care providers the tools they need to help reduce their older adult patient's risk of a fall. Results CDC's STEADI resources have been distributed widely and include practical materials and tools for health care providers and their patients that are designed to be integrated into every primary care practice. Conclusion As the population ages, the need for fall prevention efforts, such as CDC's STEADI, will become increasingly critical to safeguard the health of Americans. Practical applications STEADI's electronic health records (EHRs), online trainings, assessment tools, and patient education materials are available at no-cost and can be downloaded online at www.cdc.gov/STEADI . Health care providers should look for opportunities to integrate STEADI materials into their practice, using a team-based approach, to help protect their older patients.
Ocrelizumab: A New B-cell Therapy for Relapsing Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of ocrelizumab, a new B-cell–targeted therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PubMed and OVID/MEDLINE was conducted using search terms ocrelizumab and multiple sclerosis using the date range of 1946 through October 2017. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language, human-subject articles related to ocrelizumab and MS were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Ocrelizumab was approved in March 2017 for the treatment of relapsing or primary progressive MS (PPMS). A phase II trial established 600 mg intravenously every 6 months as the preferred dosing schedule. Two phase III trials evaluated the efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing remitting MS, and individual and pooled analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in annualized relapse rate (P < 0.001 pooled), disability progression at 12 weeks (P < 0.001 pooled), and gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging ...
Border Patrol Termination Rates: Discipline and Performance Problems Signal Need for Reform

The Trump administration wants to increase the size of the U.S. Border Patrol by hiring 5,000 more agents beyond the approximately 20,000 current agents, in addition to filling roughly 1,500 job vacancies. Congress will likely lower the hiring standards for some applicants to help reach the president’s staffing goals. Reports allege that corruption and misconduct are serious personnel problems at Border Patrol, but little direct evidence is available to evaluate the extent of such problems. However, data from the Office of Personnel Management reveal that Border Patrol agents are more likely to be terminated for discipline or performance reasons than officers in other large federal law enforcement agencies (those with 5,000 or more officers). From 2006 to 2016, Border Patrol agents were twice as likely to be terminated for disciplinary infractions or poor performance as Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents and 49 percent more likely than Customs and Border Protection officers who work in the Office of Field Operations. Border Patrol agents were 54 percent more likely than guards at the Bureau of Prisons to be terminated for disciplinary infractions or poor performance, 6 times as likely as Federal Bureau of Investigation agents, 7.1 times as likely as Drug Enforcement Administration agents, and 12.9 times as likely as Secret Service agents.
Questions about an advance directive.

A 15-year-old advance directive made when the patient was in much better health and not updated can bring more confusion than clarity to the decision-making process.
Grundlagen der Synchronisation

Im folgenden wird zuerst in Kapitel 2.1 die in dieser Arbeit im Zusammenhang mit der Synchronisationsproblematik verwendete Terminologie eingefuhrt. In Kapitel 2.2 folgt eine Diskussion der grundlegenden Konzepte von existierenden Synchronisationsverfahren und deren Verwendung in traditionellen Anwendungen.
Gene Regulatory Cross Networks: Inferring Gene Level Cell-to-Cell Communications of Immune Cells

Background: Gene level cell-to-cell communications are crucial part of biology as they may be potential targets of drugs and vaccines against a disease condition of interest. Yet, there are only few studies that propose algorithms on this particularly important research field. Results: In this study, we first overview the current literature and define two general terms for the types of approaches in general for gene level cell-to-cell communications: Gene Regulatory Cross Networks (GRCN) and Gene Co-Expression Cross Networks (GCCN). We then propose two algorithms for each type, named as GRCNone and GCCNone. We applied them to reveal communications among 8 different immune cell types and evaluate their performances mainly via membrane protein database. Also, we show the biological relevance of the predicted cross-networks with pathway enrichment analysis. We then provide an approach that prioritize the targets by ranking them before experimental validations. Conclusions: We establish two main approaches and propose algorithms for genome-wide scale gene level cell-to-cell communications between any two different cell-types. This study aims accelerating this relatively new avenue of research in cross-networks and points out the gap of it with the well-established single cell type gene networks. The proposed algorithms have the potential to reveal gene level interactions between normal and disease cell types. For instance, they might reveal the interaction of genes between tumor and normal cells, which are the potential drug-targets and thus can help finding new cures that might prevent the prevailing of tumor cells.
Designing a sustainable stochastic electricity generation network with hybrid production strategies

This paper aims to design a sustainable stochastic electricity production network where fossil fuels-based, biomass-based, and co-firing-based production strategies are simultaneously considered in...
Upregulation of HLA-E by dengue and not Zika viruses.

Introduction The most severe form of dengue virus (DENV) illness, dengue haemorrhagic fever, is characterised by plasma leakage and increased vascular permeability. Objectives Given the critical role that endothelial cells play in the pathogenesis of DENV, we wanted to determine whether infection with DENV altered the expression of MHC class I related genes including HLA-E. Results In this study, we provide evidence that HLA-E but not MICA/B or HLA-G is upregulated by all four serotypes of DENV in an endothelial cell line human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC)-1. In contrast, Zika virus (ZIKV), a related flavivirus, where plasma leakage is not a major manifestation of disease, did not upregulate HLA-E. We found modest levels of soluble HLA-E in supernatants from DENV but not ZIKV-infected cells. Coculture experiments found minimal activation of natural killer (NK) cells in the presence of both uninfected and infected HMEC-1 cells. HLA-E induced by DENV infection could not dampen the degranulation of activated NK cells by interacting with its ligand NKG2a. Conclusions Our results suggest that while DENV infection induces HLA-E, the high MHC class I expression on uninfected and infected HMEC-1 cells may dominate the diverse signals generated between inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells and ligands on target cells.
Punitive Damages Awards for Flagrant Mismarketing of Products

Punitive damages for marketing misconduct have been granted to plaintiffs in product liability litigation over the past 15 years. In this article, the doctrine of punitive damages is defined and it...
Standardized hydraulic fluid testing: An overview and history

In order for a hydraulic fluid to be approved by the various pump manufacturers for use in their products, it must qualify for acceptance according to certain test methods. Chief among these tests are the Denison HF-0, the Vickers 35VQ25, and the John Deere Sundstrand piston pump test. The Denison HF-0 test evaluates hydraulic fluid performance based on flow, deposits, and wear in both a Denison P46 axial piston pump and a Denison T5D vane pump. Both pumps are run for 100 hours and are periodically disassembled for inspection. Obtaining satisfactory pump results is the largest step in the process for a fluid to qualify under the HF-0 Standard. In the past, the P46 and T5D pumps could be tested separately or bootstrapped with a 46 series motor to reduce horsepower requirements. The Vickers 35VQ25 test measures the anti-wear characteristics of a hydraulic oil according to cam ring and vane weight loss in a 35VQ25 vane pump. A minimum of three cartridges are tested for 50 hours each. The first three, or four of five cartridges, must perform satisfactorily in order for a fluid to pass this test. The John Deere piston pump test screens oils that cause corrosion ofmore » copper containing metals. A Sundstrand 22 series axial piston pump is operated for 25 hours. Water is then added to the test oil. The test is then run for 200 more hours. Over this time multiple parameters are monitored to determine the effect of the added water.« less
Ordered quantile normalization: a semiparametric transformation built for the cross-validation era

Normalization transformations have recently experienced a resurgence in popularity in the era of machine learning, particularly in data preprocessing. However, the classical methods that can be ada...
Recent Political Fact-Checking

This chapter is about recent political fact-checking. The chapter provides an accounting of all of the major political fact-checking initiatives undertaken in the United States between 2003 and 2018. The chapter observes that the rise of these fact-checking organizations appears in waves, driven by national elections in the United States. The most extensive coverage is given to PolitiFact, one of the leading fact-checking organizations. Examples are given of evaluations made by PolitiFact to claims made by politicians, and to pushback from various political groups and to charges of bias, which we see are largely unfouded. Some of the other fact-checking operations that are considered here are the Washington Post FactChecker and The Weekly Standard FactChecker. A number of university-based research efforts to deal with the issue of fake news are considered, including the University of Santa Clara’s Trust Project, the University of Missouri’s Trusting News project, the CUNY News Integrity Initiative, and the Data & Society Research Institute’s Media Manipulation Initiative. Two recent trends are discussed: one is the creation of for-profit businesses to deal with fake news, such as NewsGuard by the well-known journalists Steven Brill and Gordon Crovitz and the startup Our.News; the other trend is the use of technology to address the issue of fake news, such as the use of machine learning by Deepnews.ai, and the use of crowdsourcing by WikiTribune (created by Wikipedia’s founder Jimmy Wales).
The epidemiology of pitch canker of Monterey pine in California

The progression of pitch canker disease, caused by Fusarium circinatum, was followed over 4 yr (1992-1996) in urban stands of Monterey pine, Pinus radiata, with initially zero, light, moderate, and severe disease intensity. The disease progressed from a few to many branch tip symptoms, followed by the appearance of cankers on the main stem. Symptomatic branch tips at the start of the study were predictive of tree mortality or removal after 4 yr. Trees with canopy dieback and stem cankers were often attacked by the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens. Among initially disease-free trees, disease progression and final severity were greater in plots with initially severe and moderate disease intensity. Apparent infection rates did not differ between plots with different initial disease intensities. Over the 4 yr of the study, 2% of trees in the five plots with most severe disease never exhibited disease symptoms and thus may be resistant to pitch canker. In addition, 7% of symptomatic trees in these plots never had more than two symptomatic branch tips, which may reflect a moderate level of resistance.
Rapid Self-Assembly of Polymer Nanoparticles for Synergistic Codelivery of Paclitaxel and Lapatinib via Flash NanoPrecipitation

Taxol, a formulation of paclitaxel (PTX), is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, particularly for treating recurring ovarian carcinomas following surgery. Clinically, PTX is used in combination with other drugs such as lapatinib (LAP) to increase treatment efficacy. Delivering drug combinations with nanoparticles has the potential to improve chemotherapy outcomes. In this study, we use Flash NanoPrecipitation, a rapid, scalable process to encapsulate weakly hydrophobic drugs (logP < 6) PTX and LAP into polymer nanoparticles with a coordination complex of tannic acid and iron formed during the mixing process. We determine the formulation parameters required to achieve uniform nanoparticles and evaluate the drug release in vitro. The size of the resulting nanoparticles was stable at pH 7.4, facilitating sustained drug release via first-order Fickian diffusion. Encapsulating either PTX or LAP into nanoparticles increases drug potency (as indicated by the decrease in IC-50 concentration); we observe a 1500-fold increase in PTX potency and a six-fold increase in LAP potency. When PTX and LAP are co-loaded in the same nanoparticle, they have a synergistic effect that is greater than treating with two single-drug-loaded nanoparticles as the combination index is 0.23 compared to 0.40, respectively.
Open Distal Gastrectomy

Surgical resection for gastric cancer continues to offer the only chance for cure in patients with localized disease. When used in combination with other therapies, gastrectomy can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality to achieve the desired oncologic outcome. In this chapter we will discuss the surgical management of distal cancers of the stomach as well as pre- and postoperative considerations that are critical to achieving excellent patient outcomes.
Respiratory Physiology and Support

The primary function of the lung is to exchange gases between the bloodstream and the environment. The anatomy and physiologic control mechanisms of the lung and its associated pulmonary circulation allow for optimal efficiency of gas exchange. Pediatric surgical diseases can cause pathophysiologic alterations in pulmonary function that will place the patient at risk for respiratory failure. The pediatric surgeon should attempt to identify and modify those factors that may contribute to respiratory morbidity. The subject of pulmonary physiology is complex; however, due to a need for brevity, this chapter addresses only those features of pulmonary physiology that are likely to be seen in infants and children with pediatric surgical diseases. The publications listed in the Suggested Reading at the end of this chapter present a more in-depth understanding of pulmonary physiology.
Pathways and signatures of mutagenesis at targeted DNA nicks

Nicks are the most frequent form of DNA damage and a potential source of mutagenesis in human cells. By deep sequencing, we have identified factors and pathways that promote and limit mutagenic repair at targeted nicks. BRCA2 inhibits all categories of mutational events at nicks, including indels, SNVs and HDR. DNA2 and RPA promote 59 resection. Most insertions at nicks consist of a single C incorporated opposite the nick by the translesion polymerase REV1. DNA2 and REV3 inhibit these 1 bp insertions; and DNA2 also inhibits 1 bp deletions. Longer deletions are stimulated by DNA2, REV7 and POLQ. Strikingly, POLQ generates most SNVs at both nicks and double-strand breaks. These results identify mutagenic signatures of DNA2, REV1, REV3, REV7 and POLQ at nicks and highlight the potential for nicks to promote mutagenesis, especially in BRCA-deficient cells.
Broadcast Self-Regulation: The NAB Codes, Family Viewing Hour, and Television Violence

Broadcast self-regulation of the content of broadcast material is as old as broadcasting itself. It has undergone a pendulum swing, starting initially as a way to assure the new regulators that the industry could police itself, and growing until, at its peak in the 1970s, it contained a formal code authority and substantial review powers over broadcast material. It declined dramatically in the 1980s after a series of constitutional and antitrust challenges and in response to a less regulatory atmosphere in Washington. In the 1990s, however, self-regulation has returned as part of the broadcast industry’s response to the most recent wave of public concern about television violence. This account of the rise and fall and partial rise of broadcast self-regulation suggests that self-regulation cannot be understood apart from an underlying scheme of formal regulation. To illustrate this theme and to follow the pendulum swing of broadcast self-regulation this discussion is divided into three main parts: (1) the growth of the broadcast codes established by the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), (2) an account of the family viewing policy established by the NAB in the 1970s, and (3) the revival of industry self-regulation in response to renewed concern about television violence.
Predictors of Disclosing Sexual Orientation to Parents, Classmates, and School Adults among Latinx Sexual Minority High School and College Youth

The current study examined predictors associated with the degree of sexual orientation disclosure across social contexts (parents, classmates, and school adults) and educational context (high schoo...
Building Comprehension Skills of Young Children With Autism One Storybook at a Time

Purpose Reading involves the ability to decode and draw meaning from printed text. Reading skill profiles vary widely among learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One fairly common pattern i...
Subsequent Cancers in Patients Affected with Moderate or Severe Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease

ABSTRACT Subsequent cancer (SC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and treatment-related immunosuppression have been recognized as risk factors for SC. This study sought to investigate the incidence and risk factors for SC in patients with established cGVHD, assessed separately for onset of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)—categorized into nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC)—and all cancers other than NMSC. Two hundred and four patients were enrolled in the prospective cross-sectional cGVHD Natural History Study and underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation. Patients were followed-up with an annual survey. The cumulative incidences of NMSC and cancers other than NMSC with competing risks were estimated separately, and transplantation- and cGVHD-related factors were assessed for association with outcomes using Gray's test and multivariable Cox models. The time period for all analyses began at 2 years postevaluation to restrict analyses to patients presumed to not have had SC present at evaluation. Nineteen patients were diagnosed with NMSC and 19 were diagnosed with cancers other than NMSC, with 10-year cumulative incidences of 15.5% (95% confidence interval, 9.0% to 27.6%) and 13.8% (95% CI, 8.2% to 20.8%), respectively. Age at transplantation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.06) and higher C-reactive protein level at evaluation (HR, 9.49; 95% CI, 1.26 to 71.58) were jointly associated with NMSC, and gastrointestinal cGVHD at evaluation (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.78) was associated with reduced risk of NMSC. T cell depletion at transplantation (HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.17 to 8.20), lymphoma as an indication for transplantation (HR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.56 to 10.05), and oral cGVHD severity at evaluation (HR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.52 to 12.46) were jointly associated with cancers other than NMSC. This study estimates the incidence of SC in a population of allo-HSCT recipients with severe cGVHD and identifies correlations with the subsequent development of SC. These factors seem to differ between NMSC and cancers other than NMSC. Further longitudinal investigations accounting for dynamic and cumulative processes are needed to improve our understanding and management of SC.
Word Fluency Test Performance in Primary Progressive Aphasia and Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech

Purpose This study compared performance on three-word fluency measures among individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS), and examined the relationship between word fluency and other measures of language and speech. Method This study included 106 adults with PPA and 30 adults with PPAOS. PPA participants were divided into three clinical subgroups: semantic (svPPA), logopenic (lvPPA), and nonfluent/agrammatic with or without apraxia of speech (nfPPA). Category fluency, letter fluency, and action/verb fluency tasks were administered to all participants. Results The four clinical groups performed abnormally on the word fluency measures, although not to a degree that represented high sensitivity to their PPA or PPAOS diagnosis. All PPA subgroups produced fewer words compared to individuals with PPAOS on all word fluency measures. Moderate correlations were found between word fluency and aphasia severity and naming performance in some of the clinical groups. Conclusions Word fluency measures are often challenging for individuals with PPA and PPAOS, but they are not of equal difficulty, with letter fluency being the most difficult. Differences among word fluency tests also vary to some degree as a function of the clinical group in question, with least impairment in PPAOS. However, the findings of this study do not support statistically significant differences in word fluency task performance among the PPA subgroups. Correlations suggest that word fluency performance in PPA is at least partly related to aphasia severity.
The history-partitioning method for multigroup stochastic cross section generation

Abstract A method is detailed for the stochastic generation of multigroup cross sections. This paper describes a solid theoretical framework for development of multigroup (discrete energy) nuclear data from continuous energy evaluated nuclear data files by Monte Carlo means. Included is a novel means of estimating the angular distribution of particles scattered in different energy groups. The method is demonstrated using a highly heterogeneous VHTR pin cell model. Homogenized cross sections are generated for a fuel region consisting of encapsulated fuel particles dispersed in a graphite matrix, placed back into the pin cell problem, and compared to the original continuous energy heterogeneous model. Results show eigenvalue agreement of approximately 100 pcm, which is within the estimated uncertainty range of the multigroup data.
Sexuality in Medieval Europe

List of Illustrations. Acknowledgements. 1. Sex and the Middle Ages 2. The Sexuality of Chastity 3. Sex and Marriage 4. Women Outside of Marriage 5. Men Outside of Marriage. Afterword: Medieval and Modern Sexuality. Further Reading. Index.
Experimental validation of heat/mass transfer analogy for two-dimensional laminar and turbulent boundary layers

Abstract Heat and mass transfer from a solid surface into a fluid stream are both diffusion driven processes. Their constant property mathematical model equations are identical for identical flow and equivalent boundary conditions, when Lewis number is equal to unity. Problems with engineering applications can be transformed from one domain to the other for practical and economic advantages. Mass transfer measurement using naphthalene sublimation can be faster, of higher resolution, economical, and more accurate than a direct heat transfer measurement. The diffusion rates by heat in air and naphthalene in air are quantitatively different. Hence, the advantages of naphthalene sublimation measurement are justified when the heat/mass transfer analogy is experimentally and/or analytically verified and an analogy factor (F = Nu/Sh) is determined. Heat/mass transfer analogy is experimentally verified in this study for two dimensional laminar and turbulent boundary layer flows over a flat plate. A thermal boundary layer technique is used to measure local heat transfer coefficient (Nu) and a naphthalene sublimation measurement is used to evaluate local mass transfer coefficient (Sh) for two similar plates subjected to the same boundary layer flow. The heat/mass transfer analogy factor is calculated using the measured Nu and Sh . It is found to agree with the analytical prediction of 0.677 within 2% for the laminar case and is found to be constant at 0.667 for the turbulent flow.
Summary-The Weaning Process

Early in this symposium, Raiha (p 136) called attention to the biologic truism that breast-feeding evolved so that the composition of human milk would be optimal for the survival of the species, which must include the mother9s survival as well as the infant9s. However, optimal for survival in infancy may not be the same as optimal for life in the fifth, sixth, and subsequent decades of modern life. Therefore, as we consider approaches to infant feeding, these considerations, unanswerable at present, should be continuously in our thinking, at no time more than when we consider the weaning period, which, though variously defined, presents the most important nutritional challenge of modern times. Whitehead has provided us with the news that our understanding of energy requirements for infants is surprisingly imperfect. His data suggest that sole breast-feeding by well-nourished mothers has sufficient calories for optimal growth on the average for 3 months. After this point, the average infant requires another source of calories. This conclusion comes from calculations derived from the National Center for Health Statistics growth curves on the one hand and actual milk production on the other. Although there is room for improvement of the data base, there is certainly a suggestion that weaning should begin at about 3 months of age in the breast-fed infant. This point is underscored by Underwood, who views weaning as a long-term process in which calories from other foods complement human milk until the infant moves to the family diet. In some societies, such a process may extend over several years, and the presence in human milk of the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase adds an aura of naturalness to such a process.
DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC MODELS OF GENETIC REGULATORY NETWORKS

Traditionally molecular biology research has tended to reduce biological pathways to composite units studied as isolated parts of the cellular system. With the advent of high throughput methodologies that can capture thousands of data points, and powerful computational approaches, the reality of studying cellular processes at a systems level is upon us. As these approaches yield massive datasets, systems level analyses have drawn upon other fields such as engineering and mathematics, adapting computational and statistical approaches to decipher relationships between molecules. Guided by high quality datasets and analyses, one can begin the process of predictive modeling. The findings from such approaches are often surprising and beyond normal intuition. We discuss four classes of dynamical systems used to model genetic regulatory networks. The discussion is divided into continuous and discrete models, as well as deterministic and stochastic model classes. For each combination of these categories, a model is presented and discussed in the context of the yeast cell cycle, illustrating how different types of questions can be addressed by different model classes.
Detectability of electrostatic decay products in Ulysses and Galileo observations of type 3 solar radio sources

Recent in situ Ulysses and Galileo observations of the source regions of type 3 solar radio bursts appear to show an absence of ion acoustic waves S produced by nonlinear Langmuir wave processes such as the electrostatic (ES) decay, in contradiction with earlier ISEE 3 observations and analytic theory. This letter resolves these apparent contradictions. Refined analyses of the maximum S-wave electric fields produced by ES decay and of the characteristics of the Ulysses Wave Form Analyzer (WFA) instrument show that the bursty S waves observed by the ISEE 3 should be essentially undetectable by the Ulysses WFA. It is also shown that the maximum S-wave levels predicted for the Galileo event are approximately less than the instrumental noise level, thereby confirming an earlier suggestion. Thus, no contradictions exist between the ISEE 3 and Ulysses/Galileo observation, and no evidence exists against ES decay in the published Ulysses and Galileo data. All available data are consistent with, or at worst not inconsistent with, the ES decay proceeding and being the dominant nonlinear process in type 3 bursts.
A CMOS ASIC for real time microwave spectral estimation applications

The design, simulation, and testing results of a CMOS ASIC are presented for mapping the outputs of multiple instantaneous frequency measurement correlation to a spectral estimation of the center frequency of submicrosecond pulses in real time. Preliminary testing indicated fully functional designs. >
Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Determining Molecular Structure of Urinary Constituents of Low Molecular Weight

Nuclear magnetic resonance is applied to elucidate organic compounds of low molecular weight that occur in urine. Spectrums of specific compounds are shown, as are closely related compounds, to illustrate NMR principles and their application in practice.
On the multigrid F-cycle

In a recent paper, a bound was derived on the convergence of the multigrid V-cycle for the case when the solution is in the Sobolev space H^1^+^@a but not in H^1^+^@a^', @a' #62;; @a, showing that the convergence factor approaches one only as 1 - O(k^(^@a^-^1^)^/^@a) for a large number of levels k. We now extend the technique to obtain the asymptotically better bound 1 - O(k^-^(^1^-^@a^)^^^2^ ^/^ ^@a) on the multigrid F-cycle. We also show that in many cases, for practical values of k, one gets the same bound for the F-cycle as for the V-cycle with @a = 1.
Electroactive Polymers Based on Novel Ionomers

A majority of research on ionic polymer transducers has used Nafion™ as the base material. Varying the physical and chemical properties of Nafion is difficult, which limits the understanding and development of ionic transducers. In this study we investigate a novel class of polymers called BPSH (sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s). The polymers are synthesized by the direct polymerization of sulfonated monomers. This synthetic scheme affords precise control of the amount and the location of ionic groups along the polymar backbone. These polymers differ from Nafion™ in two major ways. First, the concentration of ionic groups on a mass basis is almost double that of standard Nafion™, 1.51 meq/g for BPSH-30 versus 0.91 meq/g for Nafion™ 1100. Also, the backbone of the BPSH copolymers is much stiffer than Nafion, which affords a higher modulus material. Both of these factors, ion content and modulus, are expected to affect the performance of polymer-based actuators. Another ionomer characterized is the PATS (poly(arylene thiother sulfone)s) which is similar to BPSH. For both polymers we are varying the ionic concentration, stiffness, and water content. Those variations are fostering the understanding of operating concepts of ionic transducers, especially the correlation between ionic transducers, especially the correlation between ionic concentration and performance. Experiments on BPSH-35 demonstrate improved performance as compared to Nafion™ They provide larger strain per unit volt, larger force generated, and larger bandwidth. The novel polymers are characterized as sensors and actuators.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Improving sales performance through ethics: The relationship between salesperson moral judgment and job performance

This study examines the relationship between salespeople's moral judgment and their job performance. Results indicate a positive relationship between moral judgment and job performance when certain characteristics are present. Implications for sales managers and sales researchers are provided. Additionally, directions for future research are given.
Strangers and brothers: a paternity game between house mice

Using a framework based on the Hawk–Dove game, we constructed a model of the interaction between two males, which may or may not be related, competing for access to females. We parameterized the model with laboratory data from size-matched house mice and tested the model's predictions against independent laboratory data. The predictions that mate sharing is more frequent, fighting is less frequent and reproductive skew is lower when males are brothers than when they are unrelated were supported by the data. The qualitative and quantitative match between the model's predictions and the frequencies of fighting, sharing and dominance outcomes were generally good, except that the model predicts occasional fighting between brothers when none was observed. The empirically corroborated prediction on relatedness and reproductive skew is consistent with incomplete control of the subordinate male by the dominant, rather than with reproductive incentives, although the magnitude of skew in the model arises from frequencies of outcomes and not from these more specific mechanisms. The analysis demonstrates that these types of male–male interactions and their frequencies may be adequately characterized by a few main features such as relatedness of males, reproductive skew associated particularly with social dominance, and the costs of fighting. The model also makes testable predictions about results to be expected under more natural conditions.
Degradation of fluometuron by Rhizoctonia solani

Abstract Degradation studies of fluometuron [Cotoran, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] by Rhizoctonia solani have been conducted to elucidate further the pathway of degradation. Analysis by thin-layer chromatography and autoradiography demonstrated that R. solani degraded 88% of fluometuron (14CF3−) into seven nonpolar metabolites after 35 days of incubation. Trace amounts of polar, water-soluble products were detected, but no 14CO2 or radioactive volatile products were detected. Two of the major metabolites were identified by thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy as 1-methyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluorotolyl)urea and (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea, which indicated a stepwise demethylation of fluometuron. The remaining five metabolites have not been identified and have not been previously reported in the literature. Time course experiments and metabolite degradative studies indicated that the sequence of degradation involved a multibranched pathway which did not include CO2 evolution. The proposed pathway does not include the conversion of fluometuron to the aniline derivative as has been reported for other urea herbicides. All of the data from this study indicate the incomplete degradation of fluometuron which suggests a cometabolic degradative pathway.
Acute extrapyramidal side effects: Serum levels of neuroleptics and anticholinergics

An assay technique for measuring anticholinergic drugs in human serum based upon their inhibition of the specific binding of [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate to rat brain muscarinic receptors is described. The assay was validated by demonstrating a close correlation (r=0.99) between serum levels of nortriptyline measured by the radioenzymatic assay and a GLC technique. The assay measures free anticholinergics, and under standard assay conditions, approximately 95% of benztropine is bound to serum protein. Marked variation in serum anticholinergic levels in patients receiving the same oral dose was observed, and in individual patients there was a non-linear relationship between increasing oral dose and serum anticholinergic levels. In a cross-sectional study of 109 patients receiving concurrently neuroleptics and antichlinergics, there was no correlation (r=0.029) between serum neuroleptic levels measured by a radioreceptor assay and extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). In the patients whose serum anticholinergic levels were also determined, there was a significant inverse correlation (r=0.44) between anticholinergic levels and EPS. In this cohort of patients, there was no significant correlation between serum anticholinergic and serum neuroleptic levels (r=0.16) and the ratio of serum anticholinergic to serum neuroleptic was a poor predictor of EPS (r=0.26). The results suggest a marked variation in sensitivity of patients to the EPS-inducing of neuroleptics; nevertheless, the incidence of EPS decreases with increasing serum levels of anticholinergics. An optimal serum anticholinergic level of 10 pmole atropine equivalent per ml was associated with a low incidence of EPS and is relevant to drug action at the striatal muscarinic receptor.
Relation between word variety and mean letter length of words with chronological and mental ages.

(1957). Relation between Word Variety and Mean Letter Length of Words with Chronological and Mental Ages. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 27-43.
Infrared spectra of ordered crystalline ethane and ethane-d6

Abstract Spectra are reported for crystalline ethane, ethane- d 2 and their mutual solid solutions. The evidence indicates definitely at least two molecules per unit cell and that there cannot be a three-fold symmetry axis through the molecules. A structure for the solid is tentatively proposed; it is based on a structure distorted from hexagonal. The shifts of vibrations from gas to solid are remarkably small in most cases; unusually large shifts in the C 2 D 6 molecule are believed due to some improper choices of band centers in the gas spectra.
Colouring the city: 'Black-on-black violence' and liberal discourse

A new social ill was placed before America in the early 1980s: ‘black-on-black violence’. Like so many urban social issues in recent times, this process was dramatically simplified for easy public consumption. Editorials, features and commentaries profoundly racialised this violence, proclaiming this was at its core black assailants in black cultural worlds. In this context, these implicated (often in grizzly and theatrical detail) isolated and destructive subcultures that propelled kids into worlds of violence. This paper examines the content of one prominent contribution to this discourse, the cultural liberal rendition. It uses spatiality theory to reveal this discourse as complex, spatially saturated and internally fractured. It reveals its complex process of racialising reality that lay behind seemingly simple, straightforward and objective renditions of this violence. The author conducted a content analysis of prominent magazines, city newspapers and local interviews with political leaders between 1980 and 1998. The results suggest that racial codes and signifiers dramatically punctuated the discourse. Beneath the seemingly simple and straightforward rendition of this violence was an elaborate contextual setting-up that normalised this racialising.
Teaching Note: Deconstructing "Real" Love in the Classroom

This Note offers several strategies I used in my seminar course on chick lit to defamiliarize for students the romantic tropes of the genre.