cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medea's divided self.

The following frequently cited works are referred to by author's name: Elizabeth B. Bongie, "Heroic Elements in the Medea of Euripides," TAPA 107 (1977) 27-56; Anne P. Burnett, "Medea and the Tragedy of Revenge," CP 68 (1973) 1-24; T. V. Buttrey, "Accident and Design in Euripides' Medea," AJP 79 (1958) 1-17; Eckhard Christmann, "Bemerkungen zum Text der Medea des Euripi des," Diss. Heidelberg 1962; Albrecht Dihle, "Euripides' Medea," Sitzungsberichte der Heidel berger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg 1977); Hans Diller, "OYMO AE KPEIZ2QN TQN EMQN BOYAEYMATQN," Hermes 94 (1966) 267-75, rep. in Kleine Schriften (Munich 1971) 359-69; P. E. Easterling, "The Infanticide in Euripides' Medea," YCS 25 (1977) 177-91; Stewart Flory, "Medea's Right Hand: Promises and Revenge," TAPA 108 (1978) 69-74; W. W. Forten baugh, "On the Antecedents of Aristotle's Bi-partite Psychology," GRBS 11 (1970) 233-50; Christo pher Gill, "Did Chrysippus Understand Medea?" Phronesis 28 (1983) 136-49; Bernard M. W. Knox, "The Medea of Euripides," YCS 25 (1977) 193-225; David Kovacs, "On Medea's Great Mono logue," CQ 36 (1986) 343-52; Albin Lesky, Greek Tragic Poetry, trans. M. Dillon (New Haven 1983); Hugh Lloyd-Jones, "Euripides' Medea 1056-80," WJA n.f. 6a (1980) 51-59; Gerhard Muller, "Interpolationen in der Medea des Euripides, SIFC n.s. 25 (1951) 65-82; Denys Page, Medea (Oxford 1938; rep. 1971); Pietro Pucci, The Violence of Pity in Euripides' Medea (Ithaca 1980); Kenneth Reckford, "Medea's First Exit," TAPA 99 (1968) 329-59; Michael D. Reeve, "Euripides' Medea 1021-80," CQ n.s. 22 (1972) 51-61; Hermann Rohdich, Die Euripideische Tragodie (Heidel berg 1968); Eilhard Schlesinger, "Zu Euripides' Medea," Hermes 94 (1966) 26-53; W. Steidle, Studien zum Antiken Drama (Munich 1968) 151-68; H.-D. Voigtlinder, "Spatere Uberarbeitungen im grossen Medeamonolog?" Philologus 10 (1957) 217-37; George B. Walsh, "Public and Private in Three Plays of Euripides," CP 74 (1979) 294-309; J. J. Walsh, Aristotle on Moral Weakness (New York 1973); Christian Wolff, "Euripides," in Ancient Writers: Greece and Rome, vol. 1, ed. T. James Luce (New York 1982) 233-65; Otto Zwierlein, "Die Tragik in den Medea-Dramen," Literatur wissenschaftliches Jahrbuch 19 (1978) 27-63. The following articles were unavailable to me until after
The influence of systemic factors on acrylamide‐induced changes in brain, nerve, and other tissues

In order to define the locus of acrylamide neurotoxicity, the effects of chronic intoxication (total dose 500 mg/kg) on cholinergic synthesis and transport, the Schwann cell-myelin complex, lysosomal activity, and several metabolic pathways were determined in rat sciatic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. No changes were found in hematological measures or in the levels of clinically important blood enzymes, indicating no major damage to other organs. The activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase, beta-glucuronidase, and lactate dehydrogenase were unaffected in acrylamide paralyzed animals, but creatine kinase (CK) decreased in sciatic nerve, muscle, and brain, particularly in animals dying of the intoxication. CK blood and the CK isoenzyme patterns in blood were unchanged. The synthesis of protein in brain and spinal cord (measured in vivo) were decreased in rats exposed to high-dose acrylamide. However, in brain and cord, CK decreased only after animals became systemically ill and suffered weight loss, with the lowest activities in those animals sick enough to die. The degree of stress to which the animals had been subjected was indicated by enlargement of the adrenal glands and decreased sulfolipid synthesis in the adrenals. Rats exposed to 25 mg/kg/day acrylamide to a total dose of 250 mg/kg developed leg weakness but not paralysis or weight loss and had a 25% decrease in CK only in the distal sciatic nerve. Because of the apparently stress-related or agonal loss of CK, no specific effect of acrylamide on the enzyme could be definitely demonstrated. Neither could the changes in protein synthesis be attributed solely to a direct effect of the toxin. These results illustrate the difficulties encountered in interpreting intoxication studies that produce systemic illness and support the suggestion that CK activity may be a useful marker of the severity and duration of the agonal state in studies of postmortem human brain.
EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF CASSIA AND GARLIC IN WHITE BREAD

This study compared the antifungal preservative effect of ground cassia and powdered garlic on the shelf-life of bread. In addition, the preservative effects of calcium propionate (CP) and a combination of CP with either cassia or garlic were also compared. Loaves of bread were prepared, each containing a different concentration of the antifungal agents. Microbial examinations were done on days 5, 10, and 15. The samples were observed daily for visible mold growth. Control bread showed visible signs of mold growth after four days of storage (MFSL). At 2% concentration, cassia delayed mold growth in bread for 9.5 days. No significant differences between mold growth in bread containing 0.01% vs 0.2% garlic were found on the 15-day storage period. Bread containing 2% garlic had a mold free shelf-life of 9 days. Moisture content was not significantly correlated with mold growth in this study. At 0.2%, CP completely inhibited mold growth in bread for 12 days. The combination of 0.01% CP plus either 0.01% cassia or 0.01% garlic did not enhance the antifungal effect in bread.
Skin blood flow responses to thermal stimuli in healthy term newborns

Abstract Skin is the most accessible body organ system; much information about a newborn or infant comes directly or indirectly through measurement of changes in various skin properties. Little time is devoted to the study and understanding of the skin in nursing education. Since the nurse is primarily responsible for care of the newborn or infant’s skin, increased knowledge of the skin can lead to improved methods to care for and prevent injury of the skin and to suggest areas in which further study of the skin is necessary. Skin perfusion is dynamic, influenced by many factors, such as temperature, activity, and metabolic changes. Skin perfusion is easy to measure through noninvasive techniques and could be used by nurses as a clinical assessment tool and basis for nursing research. To use this technique, nurses must first have a broad understanding of normal skin microcirculation and its responses to changes in environment.
Analytic study of war games

The author describes the results of a study of the mathematical aspects of a proposed war game model.
Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery : Millennia in the Making

As part of the American Ophthalmological Society’s 150th birthday celebration in 2014, a representative from each subspecialty was invited to provide a brief account of the past, present, and future of his or her respective area of interest. Before offering my perspective on oculoplastic and orbital surgery, I must begin with a disclaimer. The historian C. B. McCullagh, in a thoughtful essay about bias in reporting historical events, opined that “both nature and history are sublime, and any account of them is inevitably selective.” Therefore, the topics that I have selected to feature inevitably reflect my personal biases. I have grouped 15 highlights into the following rubrics: 5 milestones before 1864 (the year the American Ophthalmological Society [AOS] was founded), 5 notable advances between 1864 and the present, and 5 challenges for oculoplastic and orbital surgery going forward. Longbefore anyoneknewabout cupping, the choroid, or the chiasm, surgeons were whittling away on the ocular adnexa.
A review of progress in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of brain edema

Object Brain edema resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) or ischemia if uncontrolled exhausts volume reserve and leads to raised intracranial pressure and brain herniation. The basic types of edema—vasogenic and cytotoxic—were classified 50 years ago, and their definitions remain intact. Methods In this paper the author provides a review of progress over the past several decades in understanding the pathophysiology of the edematous process and the success and failures of treatment. Recent progress focused on those manuscripts that were published within the past 5 years. Results Perhaps the most exciting new findings that speak to both the control of production and resolution of edema in both trauma and ischemia are the recent studies that have focused on the newly described “water channels” or aquaporins. Other important findings relate to the predominance of cellular edema in TBI. Conclusions Significant new findings have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of brain edema; however, less ...
Metallothionein-3 is a component of a multiprotein complex in the mouse brain.

>> Metallothionein (MT)-3, originally called growth inhibitory factor (GIF), was initially identified through its ability to inhibit the growth of neuronal cells in the presence of brain extract. MT-3 is the brain specific isoform of the MT family whose specific biological activity associates it with neurological disorders. Indeed, studies report that MT-3 is decreased by ;30% in brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Furthermore, many lines of evidence suggest that MT-3 engages in specific protein interactions. To address this, we conducted immunoaffinity chromatography experiments using an immobilized anti-mouse MT-3 antibody. We identified five associated proteins from the pool of sixteen recovered using mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry after in-gel trypsin digestion of bands from the affinity chromatography. The proteins identified were: heat shock protein 84 (HSP84), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), dihydropyrimidinase-like protein-2 (DRP-2), creatine kinase (CK) and b-actin. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments, also conducted on whole mouse brain extract using the anti-mouse MT-3 antibody along with commercially available antibodies against HSP84 and CK, confirmed that these three proteins were in a single protein complex. Immunohistochemical experiments were then conducted on the perfused mouse brain that confirmed the in situ colocalization of CK and MT-3 in the hippocampus region. These data provide new insights into the involvement of MT-3 in a multiprotein complex, which will be used to understand the biological activity of MT-3 and its role in neurological disease. Exp Biol Med 231:1500–1506, 2006
Citizens v. Clients: Working Women and Colonial Reform in Puerto Rico and Belize, 1932–45

Marked differences in mid-twentieth-century reformers' approaches to politically active working women in Belize and Puerto Rico help to explain the emergence of colonial hegemony in the latter, and the rise of mass nationalism in the former. Reformers in both colonies were concerned with working women, but whereas British and Belizean reformers treated them as sexually and politically disordered, and aimed to transform them from militant wage-earners to clients of state social services, US and Puerto Rican reformers treated them as voting citizens with legitimate roles in the economy and labour movement. Although racialised moralism was not absent in Puerto Rico, the populism of colonial reform there helped cement a renegotiated colonial compact, while the non-populist character of reform in Belize – and the wider British Caribbean – alienated working women from the colonial state.
Distinct roles for ERK1 and ERK2 in pathophysiology of CNS

Mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 have been implicated in various pathophysiological events of the CNS, but their specific roles in cell processes under physiologic and pathological conditions remain to be determined. ERK1/2 was originally identified as a kinase activity that mediates neuronal survival and neuroprotection, but it was subsequently found that ERK1/2 also plays a critical role in neurodegeneration. This dichotomy makes it difficult to target ERK1/2 for neuroprotection. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERK1 and ERK2 may play distinct functions in a variety of cell fate decisions. In this review, I summarize recent evidence for distinct roles for individual ERK isoforms in pathophysiology of the CNS.
Fluoride Analysis of Glasses and Silicate Materials by Pyrohydrolysis Separation

Fluoride in a wide variety of glasses and silicate materials can be separated by pyrohydrolysis and then determined by titration with thorium nitrate. Pyrohydrolysis is accomplished by passing steam over a mixture of sample and uranium oxide (U3O3) at temperatures of approximately 1000°C. The average reproducibility of results is 2 relative % and the results are in general slightly higher than those obtained by conventional methods of separation. A determination can be completed in about 1 hour.
Dynamic structured partitioning for parallel scientific applications with pointwise varying workloads

Parallel implementations of scientific applications involving the simulation of reactive flow on structured grids are challenging, since the underlying phenomena include transport processes with uniform computational loads as well as reactive processes having point-wise varying workloads. As a result, traditional parallelization approaches that assume homogeneous loads are not suitable for these simulations. This paper presents "Dispatch", a dynamic structured partitioning strategy that has been applied to parallel uniform and adaptive formulations of simulations with computational heterogeneity. Dispatch maintains the computational weights associated with pointwise processes in a distributed manner, computes the local workloads and partitioning thresholds, and performs in-situ locality-preserving load balancing. The experimental evaluation of Dispatch using an illustrative 2-D reactive-diffusion kernel demonstrates improvement in load distribution and overall application performance.
Bio-inspired cooperative optimization with application to bacteria motility

Inspired by bacterial motility, we propose an algorithm for adaptation over networks with mobile nodes. The nodes have limited abilities and they are allowed to cooperate with their neighbors to optimize a common objective function. In contrast to traditional adaptation formulations, an important consideration in this work is the fact that the nodes do not know the form of the cost function beforehand. The nodes can only sense variations in the values of the objective function as they diffuse through the space, such as sensing the variation in the concentration of nutrients in the environment. We propose a technique for the nodes to pick the search vector as a linear combination of the neighbors' last steps, by attempting to maximize the nutritional gradient. The procedure enables information to flow from “information-rich” nodes to the other nodes.
Consent and counter-mobilization: the case of the national smokers alliance.

Throughout the 1990s, health advocates engaged in a significant mobilization against the dangers of tobacco use and the tobacco industry. In 1993, the tobacco industry countermobilized through the National Smokers Alliance (NSA), a public relations created front group funded by the tobacco industry, which operated nationally from 1994 to 1999 to advocate for adults using tobacco products without vigorous regulation or increased tobacco taxes. The mobilization by health groups utilized traditional political lobbying and education of the public and public officials without a national public relations created front group to mold public opinion. The countermobilization by the NSA was based on traditional lobbying approaches in conjunction with the use of the public relations oriented consent engineering theory of Edward Bernays, Harold Lasswell, and others. This consent engineering theory calls for public relations specialists using public relations to mold public opinion to support a client's preferred publi...
Measuring the Search Effectiveness of a Breadth-First Crawl

Previous scalability experiments found that early precision improves as collection size increases. However, that was under the assumption that a collection's documents are all sampled with uniform probability from the same population. We contrast this to a large breadth-first web crawl, an important scenario in real-world Web search, where the early documents have quite different characteristics from the later documents. Having observed that NDCG@100 (measured over a set of reference queries) begins to plateau in the initial stages of the crawl, we investigate a number of possible reasons for this behaviour. These include the web-pages themselves, the metric used to measure retrieval effectiveness as well as the set of relevance judgements used.
An Analysis of Shutdown for an Operational Fuel Cell Transit Bus

Author(s): Heckwolf, Michael J.; Erickson, Paul A.; Simmons, Timothy C.; Roan, Vernon P., Jr. | Abstract: International Truck a Bus Meeting a Exhibition, Chicago, IL, Session: Hybrids a Fuel Cells The shutdown process of an operational phosphoric acid fuel cell transit bus has been investigated. The bus employs a hybrid arrangement of a 50 kW Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) engine in parallel with Nickel-Cadmium batteries on a 30-foot heavy-duty transit bus chassis manufactured by Bus Manufacturing Inc. The bus uses methanol as the primary fuel, which is processed through a steam-reformer to produce hydrogen used in the fuel cell. Rapid cooling of PAFC power plants will induce component damage. Shutdown of the fuel cell bus is defined as the time that is required for the controlled reduction from operating temperatures within the fuel cell stack and reformer to minimize component degradation. While in general fuel cell vehicles produce low emissions and are very efficient while operating, shutdown of the fuel cell bus represents a significant time requirement, power and fuel consumption, and considerable pollutant emissions with no usable output power. A description of the shutdown procedure for the bus, fuel and power usage, average time required, and analysis of emissions data are presented.
Recognizing Effective and Student-Adaptive Tutor Moves in Task-Oriented Tutorial Dialogue

One-on-one tutoring is significantly more effective than traditional classroom instruction. In recent years, automated tutoring systems are approaching that level of effectiveness by engaging students in rich natural language dialogue that contributes to learning. A promising approach for further improving the effectiveness of tutorial dialogue systems is to model the differential effectiveness of tutorial strategies, identifying which dialogue moves or combinations of dialogue moves are associated with learning. It is also important to model the ways in which experienced tutors adapt to learner characteristics. This paper takes a corpus- based approach to these modeling tasks, presenting the results of a study in which task-oriented, textual tutorial dialogue was collected from remote one-on-one human tutoring sessions. The data reveal patterns of dialogue moves that are correlated with learning, and can directly inform the design of student-adaptive tutorial dialogue management systems.
Low Latency Audio Video Potentials for Collaborative Music Making Through Distance Learning

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the potential of LOw LAtency (LOLA), a low latency audio visual technology designed to allow simultaneous music performance, as a distance learning tool for musical styles in which synchronous playing is an integral aspect of the learning process (e.g., jazz, folk styles). The secondary purpose was to describe participant perceptions of the effectiveness of three technologies used to teach music: LOLA, PolyCom, and Skype. To achieve these goals, we isolated a classical masterclass, jazz lesson, and old-time fiddle session and described trends for these lessons across the three technology platforms. Participants rated the overall effectiveness of LOLA (M = 4.25) higher than PolyCom (M = 3.06) and Skype (M = 2.80). Participants shared their perception that LOLA was superior to other technologies for learning and teaching music. Implications for music teaching are discussed.
Polyomavirus large T antigen overcomes p53 dependent growth arrest

Polyomavirus transforms cells in culture and induces tumors in mice without apparent interaction with or inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. In this report we investigate the ability of polyomavirus T antigens to overcome the growth suppression function of p53. A temperature sensitive p53 gene was introduced into mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from a p53 null mouse, resulting in expression of a protein with a mutant conformation at 37 degrees C and a functionally wild-type conformation at 32 degrees C. We found that expression of p53 at 32 degrees C induced the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21/WAF1 and arrested cell growth in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. Only the under-phosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) was detected in these growth arrested cells. We introduced both polyomavirus large T (LT) and middle T (MT) antigens into this cell line and showed that LT overcame p53-dependent growth arrest, while MT did not. In cells grown at 32 degrees C, LT expession led to cell proliferation and phosphorylation of pRB in the presence of p21. A mutant LT containing a defective pRB binding domain failed to overcome the growth arrest, indicating that interaction of LT with RB proteins is required to override p53 function. Although the polyomavirus T antigens do not interact with p53 directly, our results indicate that the virus, through LT, is able to interfere with the growth suppressive activity of p53.
"The Emergence and Persistence of Institutional Dissonance at the New York Philharmonic, 1842-1928"

In this study, we analyze how and why multiple institutional logics serve as an ongoing source of dissonance within organizations. We examine the transformation of the New York Philharmonic from a ...
Ion Impiantation Doping of Siox with 31P and 69Ga

Implantations of annealed SIMOX and Si wafers have been done using P and Ga to investigate the effect of excess oxygen and oxygen precipitates on amorphous layer regrowth and category II (end-of-range) dislocation loop elimination. Solid phase epitaxial regrowth of the amorphous silicon in both SIMOX and Si control wafers occurred at 550°C without the formation of category III defects and annealing at 900°C 16 hours resulted in complete removal of the category II defects. In an oxidizing ambient, the implanted SIMOX wafer again exhibited complete defect elimination whereas the Si control wafer showed growth and development of extrinsic stacking faults. It is speculated that the buried oxide may act as a sink for the Si. SIMS results indicate the dopant getters to the Si/SiO2 interfaces and that redistribution can be modelled reasonably well with SUPREME III.
Medicare Under Age 65 and Medicaid Patients Have Poorer Bowel Preparations: Implications for Recommendations for an Early Repeat Colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Colonoscopy is performed on patients across a broad spectrum of demographic characteristics. These characteristics may aggregate by patient insurance provider and influence bowel preparation quality and the prevalence of adenomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of insurance status and suboptimal bowel preparation, recommendation for an early repeat colonoscopy due to suboptimal bowel preparation, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and advanced ADR (AADR). METHODS This is a cohort study of outpatient colonoscopies (n = 3113) at a single academic medical center. Patient insurance status was categorized into five groups: 1) Medicare < 65y; 2) Medicare ≥ 65y; 3) Tricare/VA; 4) Medicaid/Colorado Indigent Care Program (CICP); and 5) commercial insurance. We used multivariable logistic or linear regression modeling to estimate the risks for the association between patient insurance and suboptimal bowel preparation, recommendation for an early repeat colonoscopy due to suboptimal bowel preparation, ADR, and AADR. Models were adjusted for appropriate covariates. RESULTS Medicare patients < 65y (OR 4.91; 95% CI: 3.25-7.43) and Medicaid/CICP patients (OR 4.23; 95% CI: 2.65-7.65) were more likely to have a suboptimal preparation compared to commercial insurance patients. Medicare patients < 65y (OR 5.58; 95% CI: 2.85-10.92) and Medicaid/CICP patients (OR 3.64; CI: 1.60-8.28) were more likely to receive a recommendation for an early repeat colonoscopy compared to commercial insurance patients. Medicare patients < 65y had a significantly higher adjusted ADR (OR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.03-2.18) and adjusted AADR (OR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.15-3.44) compared to commercial insurance patients. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the reasons for the higher rate of a suboptimal bowel preparation in Medicare < 65y and Medicaid/CICP patients and reducing this rate is critical to improving colonoscopy outcomes and reducing healthcare costs in these populations.
Selberg Theory for Finite-Area Hyperbolic Surfaces

To set the stage for the development of the spectral theory in the infinite-area case, we will first review some details of the spectral theory for compact and finite-area hyperbolic surfaces (Fuchsian groups of the first kind).
Pregnancy-driven cardiovascular maternal miR-29 plasticity in obesity

Background Obesity in pregnancy (MO) is a risk factor for maternal and/or fetal cardiovascular system disorders. This study evaluated maternal CVS expression of microRNA-29 family and its target molecules in MO to test the hypotheses: CVS miR-29 concentrations are increased in pregnancy and decreased in MO. Methods Non-pregnant (n=4), pregnant obese (POb, n=4), and pregnant non-obese (PnOb, n=4) baboons (Papio spp.) were studied. Maternal left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), and aortic arch (AA) were collected at the end of gestation. Expression of MiR-29 and elastin (ELN) mRNA were quantified. Results LA miR-29 (a, c) expression was highest in PnOb. In the LV, miR-29b expression trended lower (P=.059) for PnOb animals. ELN mRNA expression correlated positively with miR-29b expression in AA (r=.76, P=.03). Conclusion Maternal obesity diminishes miR-29 adaptation to pregnancy. Pharmacologic, tissue-specific targeting of miRNA-29 may represent a strategy for prevention and treatment of MO complications.
Headache in the emergency department

Headache is the fourth most common reason for adult patients to present to the emergency department. Approximately two-thirds of these visits are for primary headache disorders, such as migraine, cluster, and tension-type headache. When evaluating a patient with headache in the emergency department, the physician must first decide if the headache represents a primary headache disorder or whether there is some other underlying etiology. Once a serious cause for headache has been excluded, the physician can focus on pain management. The first half of this chapter discusses the differential and diagnostic work-up of headaches with potentially dangerous etiologies. The last half addresses management strategies for primary headache disorders, with special focus on prolonged and intractable migraine headaches.
Incorporating fossils into hypotheses of insect phylogeny

Fossils represent stem and crown lineages, and their inclusion in phylogenetic reconstruction influences branch lengths, topology, and divergence time estimation. In addition, paleontological data may inform trends in morphological evolution as well as biogeographic history. Here we review the incorporation of fossils in studies of insect evolution, from morphological analyses to combined ‘total evidence’ node dating analyses. We discuss challenges associated with fossil based phylogenetics, and suggest best practices for use in tree reconstruction.
Estimating the Burden of Chagas Disease in the United States.

Background In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the significant burden of Chagas disease in the United States (US). However, epidemiological data on both prevalence and access to care for this disease are limited. The objective of this study is to provide an updated national estimate of Chagas disease prevalence, the first state-level estimates of cases of T. cruzi infection in the US and to analyze these estimates in the context of data on confirmed cases of infection in the US blood supply. Methods In this study, we calculated estimates of the state and national prevalence of Chagas disease. The number of residents originally from Chagas disease endemic countries were computed using data on Foreign-Born Hispanic populations from the American Community Survey, along with recent prevalence estimates for Chagas disease in Latin America from the World Health Organization that were published in 2006 and updated in 2015. We then describe the distribution of estimated cases in each state in relation to the number of infections identified in the donated blood supply per data from the AABB (formerly American Association of Blood Banks). Findings The results of this analysis offer an updated national estimate of 238,091 cases of T. cruzi infection in the United States as of 2012, using the same method as was used by Bern and Montgomery to estimate cases in 2005. This estimate indicates that there are 62,070 cases less than the most recent prior estimate, though it does not include undocumented immigrants who may account for as many as 109,000 additional cases. The state level results show that four states (California, Texas, Florida and New York) have over 10,000 cases and an additional seven states have over 5,000 cases. Moreover, since 2007, the AABB has reported 1,908 confirmed cases of T. cruzi infection identified through screening of blood donations. Conclusions This study demonstrates a substantial burden of Chagas disease in the US, with state variation that reflects the distribution of at risk Latin American immigrant populations. The study lends important new insight into the distribution of this disease in the US and highlights the need for further research quantifying prevalence and incidence to guide interventions for control of Chagas disease across the US.
A Finite Element Study of an Elasto-Plastic Disk or Cylindrical Contact Against a Rigid Flat in Plane Stress with Bilinear Hardening

This work presents a finite element study of elasto-plastic cylindrical contact. The geometry could also be described as a vertically aligned disk whose axis of symmetry is parallel to the contact surface. The cylinder is considered to be in the plane stress state. The material of the cylinder is modeled as elasto-plastic with bilinear hardening (also known as linear hardening). Simulations for a range of material properties and deflections typical to engineering applications are carried out. A mesh convergence study has also been performed. By employing symmetry, the cylinder has been modeled as a quarter circle and a straight line is used to model the opposing rigid flat surface. The finite element results for the elastic and fully plastic cylindrical contact cases are compared to other existing models such as Hertz contact and spherical elasto-plastic models. Since the case considered is plane stress, the stress distribution is significantly different from elasto-plastic spherical contacts, which would be closer to a plane strain case. An empirical relationship is fit to the results to allow for prediction of the contact width as a function of displacement and force.
An In-Memory VLSI Architecture for Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient and high throughput architecture for convolutional neural networks (CNN). Architectural and circuit techniques are proposed to address the dominant energy and delay costs associated with data movement in CNNs. The proposed architecture employs a deep in-memory architecture, to embed energy-efficient low swing mixed-signal computations in the periphery of the SRAM bitcell array. An efficient data access pattern and a mixed-signal multiplier are proposed to exploit data reuse opportunities in convolution. Silicon-validated energy, delay, and behavioral models of the proposed architecture are developed and employed to perform large-scale system simulations. System-level simulations using these models show >97% detection accuracy on the MNIST data set, along with $4.9\times $ and $2.4\times $ improvements in energy efficiency and throughput, respectively, leading to $11.9\times $ reduction in energy-delay product as compared with a conventional (SRAM + digital processor) architecture.
Cooling Towers Using Measured Wind Data

The purpose of this study is to collect and interpret the results of full-scale wind-pressure measurements that are available for hyperbolic cooling towers and to determine the corresponding displacements and forces in the prototype tower through finite element analysis. In some cases the time intervals for which the pressures were recorded were too long to reflect any dynamic response and static analysis is sufficient. However, in two more recent studies a shorter time interval was used and a dynamic analysis was thought to be appropriate. The main emphasis of this paper was directed towards the elucidation of a time-history analysis method that will have value for the prediction of the structural response of prototype hyperbolic cooling towers due to the measured loadings with a view towards the eventual inclusion of nonlinearities. Also, some dynamic response parameters in the form of amplification and gust factors are calculated using limited ranges of the available time records and some simplifying assumptions necessitated by available resources.
Inheritance and Genetic Mapping of the Reduced Height (Rht18) Gene in Wheat

Short-statured plants revolutionized agriculture during the 1960s due to their ability to resist lodging, increased their response to fertilizers, and improved partitioning of assimilates which led to yield gains. Of more than 21 reduced-height (Rht) genes reported in wheat, only three-Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, and Rht8-were extensively used in wheat breeding programs. The remaining reduced height mutants have not been utilized in breeding programs due to the lack of characterization. In the present study, we determined the inheritance of Rht18 and developed a genetic linkage map of the region containing Rht18. The height distribution of the F₂ population was skewed towards the mutant parent, indicating that the dwarf allele (Rht18) is semi-dominant over the tall allele (rht18). Rht18 was mapped on chromosome 6A between markers barc146 and cfd190 with a genetic distance of 26.2 and 17.3 cM, respectively. In addition to plant height, agronomically important traits, like awns and tiller numbers, were also studied in the bi-parental population. Although the average tiller number was very similar in both parents, the F₂ population displayed a normal distribution for tiller number with the majority of plants having phenotype similar to the parents. Transgressive segregation was observed for plant height and tiller number in F₂ population. This study enabled us to select a semi-dwarf line with superior agronomic characteristics that could be utilized in a breeding program. The identification of SSRs associated with Rht18 may improve breeders' effectiveness in selecting desired semi-dwarf lines for developing new wheat cultivars.
A new species and biology of the Late Cretaceous 'blunt-snouted' bony fish, Thryptodus (Actinopterygii: Tselfatiiformes), from the United States

Abstract Thryptodus zitteli Loomis (Actinopterygii: Tselfatiiformes) is an enigmatic Late Cretaceous bony fish with a massive blunt rostrum that lived in the Western Interior Seaway of North America. Here, a second species of Thryptodus, T. loomisi sp. nov., is described on the basis of two skulls and some isolated rostra from the Britton Formation (Cenomanian–lower Turonian) of Texas, USA. In addition, the type species, T. zitteli, is redescribed and a nearly complete skeleton of the species from the Austin Chalk of Texas is examined to further decipher the biology of Thryptodus. Thryptodus primarily lived in offshore environments and reached up to about 1.8 m in total length. With a massive head, the fossil fish had a dorsal fin that spanned much of the body length, elongate pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins, and a small forked caudal fin, suggesting that Thryptodus was a sluggish swimmer. The function of the peculiar blunt rostrum in Thryptodus remains uncertain. Likewise, the exact diet of Thryptodus remains unknown. However, the skull construct suggests that Thryptodus had powerful lower jaws and hyoid-based suction feeding.
Duodenal and liver lesions in an adult with generalised weakness

A 73-year-old man with a history of heart failure and hypertension presented with a several-week history of generalised weakness, anorexia, 5 kg weight loss, intermittent small volume hematochezia and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. He denied fever, chills, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. He had no previous endoscopy or colorectal cancer screening. His admission vital signs were normal. He was anaemic (haemoglobin 8.6 g/dL reference 12–18 g/dL), with mean corpuscular volume 83 (81–100 fL/cell), ferritin 321.9 (11–336 ng/mL), alkaline phosphatase 174 (38–127 IU/L), albumin 2.4 (3.5–4.9 g/dL), total bilirubin 0.8 (0.2–1.2 mg/dL) and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase 28/21 (10–40 U/L, 7–56 U/L). Serological tests for hepatitis and HIV were negative. RPR was negative 1 month previously. CT imaging with intravenous contrast (figure 1) revealed six target-like liver lesions (0.7 to 1 cm) with peripheral arterial enhancement and several enlarged coeliac lymph nodes (largest 0.8 cm). Due to anaemia/hematochezia, upper and lower endoscopy were performed. His oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed …
Sex-dependent VEGF expression underlies variations in human pluripotent stem cell to endothelial progenitor differentiation

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer tremendous promise in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies because of their unique combination of two properties: pluripotency and a high proliferative capacity. To realize this potential, development of efficient hPSC differentiation protocols is required. In this work, sex-based differences are identified in a GSK3 inhibitor based endothelial progenitor differentiation protocol. While male hPSCs efficiently differentiate into CD34 + CD31+ endothelial progenitors upon GSK3 inhibition, female hPSCs showed limited differentiation capacity using this protocol. Using VE-cadherin-GFP knockin reporter cells, female cells showed significantly increased differentiation efficiency when treated with VEGF during the second stage of endothelial progenitor differentiation. Interestingly, male cells showed no significant change in differentiation efficiency with VEGF treatment, but did show augmented early activation of VE-cadherin expression. A sex-based difference in endogenous expression of VEGF was identified that is likely the underlying cause of discrepancies in sex-dependent differentiation efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of sex differences in progenitor biology and the development of new stem cell differentiation protocols.
Integrated Mental Health Training Relates to Pediatric Residents’ Confidence with Child Mental Health Disorders

The primary aim of this study was to determine the association of an integrated mental health training model on pediatric residents’ use of (1) secondary screens, (2) mental health referrals, (3) psychotropic medications, and (4) follow-up appointments for mental health concerns. The secondary aim was to determine resident confidence managing mental health conditions. Visits of children ages 6–18 years old with either a positive primary mental health screen or a mental health diagnosis in pre- and post-intervention years (N = 113 and N = 251, respectively) at a single-site continuity clinic were included. Authors also surveyed alumni from pre- and post- intervention years (N = 46) about their confidence with managing mental health disorders. The authors used chi-squared and t-tests to compare visit characteristics between years and multivariable logistic regression to determine correlates of mental health management. Post-intervention residents more often used secondary screening tools (adjusted odds ratio 5.61, 95% confidence interval 2.08–15.17). There were no differences in referrals, prescribing psychotropic medications, or follow-up visits. Post-intervention graduates reported higher confidence with diagnosis, screening, medication management, and follow-up for mental health disorders. After transitioning to an integrated mental health model, residents were more likely to use secondary screens and post-intervention graduates reported higher confidence with managing mental health disorders.
New bioassay for screening immunotoxic agents.

A new bioassay for evaluation of compounds potentially toxic for the immune system is described. It is suitable for the measurement of enhancement of primary antibody response and of enhancement and inhibition of memory developmentin vivo. It utilizes immunoenzymatic techniques which can readily be automated and thus allow the screening of many compounds at relatively low cost. It can provide answers regarding the safety or danger of each compound tested within 30–45 days.
Continuing CHAAOS: Vocabulary Intervention for Students With Disabilities in Eighth Grade Who Are Also English Learners:

Few studies have considered academic vocabulary interventions for students who have learning disabilities (LD) and also are English Learners (EL). This research explored the effects of the third ye...
Tensile performance and failure modes of continuous carbon nanotube yarns for composite applications

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns have demonstrated promising mechanical properties and scalability for composite applications. In this study, a commercially available continuous CNT yarn and two modified versions at large gauge lengths (~110 mm) were tested to reveal engineering properties. The as-received yarns with a large cross-section demonstrated the highest specific tensile strength (0.911 ± 0.137 N/tex), while the highly densified yarns showed the lowest specific tensile strength (0.337 ± 0.217 N/tex). Results suggest that alignment governs the ultimate tensile strength, while defects dictate how yarns fail and the harnessed strength potential. Of the two failure modes detected, brittle edge failures experienced greater ultimate tensile strengths ranging from ~8 to 20% depending on the yarn type. The test results were fitted to 2-parameter Weibull distributions to further confirm the failure behavior. These results indicate valuable properties for industrial CNT yarn applications and provide a baseline for large gauge length CNT studies.
Effect of Multi-Frequency Whole-Body Vibration on Muscle Activation, Metabolic Cost and Regional Tissue Oxygenation.

Prolonged immobilization from a critical illness can result in significant muscle atrophy. Whole-body vibration (WBV) could potentially attenuate the issue of muscle atrophy; however, there exists no device that could potentially provide WBV in supine position that is suitable for critically ill patients. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop a new wearable suit, called therapeutic vibration device (TVD), that can provide WBV in supine position and test its effects on physiologic markers of physical activity including muscle activation, oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), and regional hemoglobin oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ). The prototype TVD delivered multi-frequency WBV axially to 19 healthy participants in supine position for 10 minutes simultaneously at 25 Hz/4.2 g rms on the feet and 15 Hz/0.7 g rms on the shoulders. Muscle activation was recorded by electromyography (EMG), VO 2 was measured by indirect calorimetry and rSO 2 was recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy. Recordings were collected from each participant from multiple body locations, on three separate days, at baseline and during the intervention. Acceleration was also recorded to gain insight into transmissibility and coherence. Repeated-measures ANOVA using Bonferroni correction revealed that the muscle activity significantly increased by 4% - 62% (p <; 0.05), VO2 improved by 22.3% (p <; 0.05) and rSO 2 increased by 1.4% - 4.5% (p <; 0.05) compared to baseline. WBV provided by the TVD is capable of producing physiologic responses consistent with mild physical activity. Such effects could potentially be valuable as an adjunct to physical therapy for early mobilization to prevent atrophy occurring from prolonged immobilization.
Victories in the Courts Yield Losses in the Pockets: Will Legal Precedent Dissuade a College’s Willingness to Enforce a Contract Against its Coach, Who Resigns During the Term of the Agreement Based on a Business Decision?

This article looks at in the wake of the decision in Marist College v. Matthew Brady, The Commonwealth of Virginia and James Madison University (“Marist v. Brady”), whether it will deter a college or university’s willingness to enforce a contract against its coach who resigns during the term of the coach’s employment contract (agreement). Part II will address the key elements of a coach’s employment contract between a coach and his or her employer (college or university). Additionally, this section will discuss the case Marist v. Brady, and the debatable precedent set forth from its holding. The central issue from Marist is not whether coaching contracts are legally enforceable but whether legal precedent deprecate a college’s willingness to enforce a contract against its coach, who resigns during the term of the agreement based on a business decision? This section will also discuss the remedies a college may seek if it chooses to enforce a coach to fulfill the term of the agreement from a coach’s breach of contract through the courts. Part III of this article will propose why seeking remedy through the courts for a coach’s breach of contract is outweighed by other methods of negotiation between the two sides either prior to or during the term of the agreement. Moreover this section will offer a solution to the issue set forth in Marist and in accordance with the precedential value of the decision in Vanderbilt University v. DiNardo, 174 F.3d 751, 757 (6th Cir. 1999) (“Vanderbilt v. DiNardo”) Part VI proposes different contract clauses that can be negotiated between a college and a coach, and discusses why negotiating and drafting such provisions into the agreement will advance both the college’s and university’s economic interests. This article will conclude as follows: The cases Vanderbilt v. DiNardo and Marist v. Brady provide colleges and universities with valuable lessons and takeaways. Most important, it is difficult for a college to be awarded damages by the courts for a coach’s breach of contract. To avoid this, a college should insist on a clause with specific compensation to be paid by the coach upon a coach’s breach of contract.
Mycotoxins

A very large number of molds produce toxic substances designated mycotoxins. Some are mutagenic and carcinogenic, some display specific organ toxicity, and some are toxic by other mechanisms. While the clear-cut toxicity of many mycotoxins for humans has not been demonstrated, the effect of these compounds on experimental animals and their effect in in vitro assay systems leaves little doubt about their real and potential toxicity for humans. At least 14 mycotoxins are carcinogens, with the aflatoxins being the most potent.74 It is generally accepted that about 93% of mutagenic compounds are carcinogens. With mycotoxins, microbial assay systems reveal an 85% level of correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenesis.74