cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastic Extension Beyond the Traditional Computer Network

This chapter—Ethical, Privacy and Security Issues in the Mobile Ecosystems begins by presenting rather a frightening and quickly evolving mobile telecommunication and computing technologies, their unprecedented global reach and inclusion, unparalleled social, financial and cultural prowess and the yet to be defined social, moral and ethical value systems. We discuss the crucial role of the mobile operating system and survey the current mobile devises and their anchoring mobile operating systems. The discussion then settles on the main themes of the book, that is the ethical and security issues in the mobile ecosystem. We focus on the most troubling issue of the mobile ecosystem, the location –based tracking system (LTS). This technology, in three types, is troubling because it is being used by merchants, law enforcement agencies and almost everyone else who needs to know where you and your smart electronic device are. We note that while users of smart devices may not be aware, these technologies have huge ethical and privacy implications to users of these devices. In our discussion, we focus on the security and threat to individual privacy, for even in public places individuals deserve some privacy, through the collection, aggregation and centralization of personal information, without user consent of the user, and also on the absence of applicable laws. Use of LTS technologies increases the risks to the privacy and security of individuals. On security issues in the ecosystem, we note that mobile devices are increasingly holding and storing more private data like personal and business and they are roaming in public spaces on public networks with limited security and cryptographic protocols to protect the data. Also because of the fact that these devices have the ability to roam on several networks, there is a wider sphere of attack beset by geographical, legal and moral differences. We note that the penetration trend of these smart mobile devices is not limited to far away rural places but more scaring is their rapid penetration on enterprise IT spaces where security is paramount for any device.
Long‐term nitrous oxide fluxes in annual and perennial agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems in the upper Midwest USA

Differences in soil nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes among ecosystems are often difficult to evaluate and predict due to high spatial and temporal variabilities and few direct experimental comparisons. For 20 years, we measured N2 O fluxes in 11 ecosystems in southwest Michigan USA: four annual grain crops (corn-soybean-wheat rotations) managed with conventional, no-till, reduced input, or biologically based/organic inputs; three perennial crops (alfalfa, poplar, and conifers); and four unmanaged ecosystems of different successional age including mature forest. Average N2 O emissions were higher from annual grain and N-fixing cropping systems than from nonleguminous perennial cropping systems and were low across unmanaged ecosystems. Among annual cropping systems full-rotation fluxes were indistinguishable from one another but rotation phase mattered. For example, those systems with cover crops and reduced fertilizer N emitted more N2 O during the corn and soybean phases, but during the wheat phase fluxes were ~40% lower. Likewise, no-till did not differ from conventional tillage over the entire rotation but reduced emissions ~20% in the wheat phase and increased emissions 30-80% in the corn and soybean phases. Greenhouse gas intensity for the annual crops (flux per unit yield) was lowest for soybeans produced under conventional management, while for the 11 other crop × management combinations intensities were similar to one another. Among the fertilized systems, emissions ranged from 0.30 to 1.33 kg N2 O-N ha-1 yr-1 and were best predicted by IPCC Tier 1 and ΔEF emission factor approaches. Annual cumulative fluxes from perennial systems were best explained by soil NO3- pools (r2 = 0.72) but not so for annual crops, where management differences overrode simple correlations. Daily soil N2 O emissions were poorly predicted by any measured variables. Overall, long-term measurements reveal lower fluxes in nonlegume perennial vegetation and, for conservatively fertilized annual crops, the overriding influence of rotation phase on annual fluxes.
Mapping significance properties in OAIS: a case study with video games: extended poster abstract

The term "Significant Properties" is commonly used in the fields of digital preservation and curation. It is variously defined, which puts it in tension with more precisely delineated standards for preservation, such as the broadly used Open Archival Information System reference model (CCSDS, 2012). This poster proposes mapping properties identified by both creators of video games as significant into the OAIS reference model. This research uses the framework provided by Giaretta et al. (2009), outlined as a clarification about the relationship between OAIS and significant properties, as a starting point. Utilizing data from the Preserving Virtual Worlds II grant and data from interviews with digital preservationists working in libraries and the cultural heritage sectors as case studies, this project aims to provide a real world example of how well user-defined significance maps onto commonly employed preservation models. Data from PVWII suggest that social, surface, and affective attributes of games are considered significant by designers and players. These properties encompass the totality of what really makes a game beyond the code and computing environment, even while they do not appear to fit within the precisely defined categories existent in OAIS. This poster argues that OAIS can be made to accommodate such properties because of its requirement to update archival packages as the base knowledge of the designated community changes over time.
Attosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy of Electron Correlation Dynamics in the Double Ionization of Benzene

Using newly developed three-dimensional (3D) two-electron angular streaking (3D-2eAS) method, we show the emission time delay between two electrons in a double ionization event can be measured from zero attosecond to more than one femtosecond.
Synchrotron‐based macromolecular crystallography module for an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course

This paper describes the introduction of synchrotron-based macromolecular crystallography (MX) into an undergraduate laboratory class. An introductory 2 week experimental module on MX, consisting of four laboratory sessions and two classroom lectures, was incorporated into a senior-level biochemistry class focused on a survey of biochemical techniques, including the experimental characterization of proteins. Students purified recombinant protein samples, set up crystallization plates and flash-cooled crystals for shipping to a synchrotron. Students then collected X-ray diffraction data sets from their crystals via the remote interface of the Molecular Biology Consortium beamline (4.2.2) at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, USA. Processed diffraction data sets were transferred back to the laboratory and used in conjunction with partial protein models provided to the students for refinement and model building. The laboratory component was supplemented by up to 2 h of lectures by faculty with expertise in MX. This module can be easily adapted for implementation into other similar undergraduate classes, assuming the availability of local crystallographic expertise and access to remote data collection at a synchrotron source.
Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Women.

Key Clinical PointsScreening for Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Women Chlamydia is the most common infection reported in the United States, with more than 1.5 million reported cases of chlamydial infection in 2015 and many additional unreported cases. The highest rates of chlamydial infection are among persons between 15 and 24 years of age. Chlamydia is an important cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Data from a randomized, controlled trial and observational data have shown a reduced incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease among young women who undergo screening for chlamydia. Modern diagnostic tests are highly sensitive for the detection of chlamydia; testing can be performed on vaginal swabs or urine samples collected by the patient, which eliminates the need for a pelvic examination. All sexually active women younger than 25 years of age as well as older women at risk for chlamydia should be offered chlamydia screening annually.
OUTCOMES OF IMMEDIATE VERSUS DELAYED INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS PRESENTING 24 −72 HOURS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: Guidelines state that Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a class I indication for STEMI within 12 hours of symptom onset, and a class IIa recommendation for patients presenting between 12 and 24 hours after STEMI onset. The OAT trial demonstrated that in patients with total
Embedding containerized workflows inside data science notebooks enhances reproducibility

Data science notebooks, such as Jupyter, combine text documentation with dynamically editable and executable code and have become popular for sharing computational methods. We present nbdocker, an extension that integrates Docker software containers into Jupyter notebooks. nbdocker transforms notebooks into autonomous, self-contained, executable and reproducible modules that can document and disseminate complicated data science workflows containing code written in different languages and executables requiring different software environments.
Insights and Implications of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Height.

Context In the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have catalyzed our understanding of the genetics of height and have identified hundreds of regions of the genome associated with adult height and other height-related body measurements. Evidence Acquisition GWASs related to height were identified via PubMed search and a review of the GWAS catalog. Evidence Synthesis The GWAS results demonstrate that height is highly polygenic: that is, many thousands of genetic variants distributed across the genome each contribute to an individual's height. These height-associated regions of the genome are enriched for genes in known biological pathways involved in growth, such as fibroblast growth factor signaling, as well as for genes expressed in relevant tissues, such as the growth plate. GWASs can also uncover previously unappreciated biological pathways, such as the STC2/PAPPA/IGFBP4 pathway. The genes implicated by GWASs are often the same genes that are the genetic causes of Mendelian growth disorders or skeletal dysplasias, and GWAS results can provide complementary information about these disorders. Conclusions Here, we review the rationale behind GWASs and what we have learned from GWASs for height, including how it has enhanced our understanding of the underlying biology of human growth. We also highlight the implications of GWASs in terms of prediction of adult height and our understanding of Mendelian growth disorders.
Creating Linked Data for the Interdisciplinary International Collaborative Study of Language Acquisition and Use: Achievements and Challenges of a New Virtual Linguistics Lab

In this paper, we describe and exemplify our development of a cyber-tool, the Data Transcription and Analysis tool (DTA tool) that is currently being implemented in the Virtual Center for Language Acquisition through a Virtual Linguistic Lab (VLL). We review this cyber-tool’s design and accomplishments to date, assessing its ability to address. We explicate the architecture and usability of the DTA tool, we summarize its current status, possibilities for expansion, and related challenges we currently confront. We focus on the conceptual and functional structure of this tool here, and not on technical aspects of its programming.
The Heart of Counseling: Counseling Skills Through Therapeutic Relationships

More than any other text on the market, The Heart of Counseling is effective in helping students to understand the importance of therapeutic relationships and to develop the qualities that make the therapeutic relationships they build with clients the foundation of healing. In these pages, students come to see how all skills arise from and are directly related to the counselor’s development and to building therapeutic relationships. Student learning ranges from therapeutic listening and empathy to structuring sessions, from explaining counseling to clients and caregivers to providing wrap-around services, and ultimately to experiencing therapeutic relationships as the foundation of professional and personal growth. The Heart of Counseling includes: extensive case studies and discussions applying skills in school and agency settings specific guidance on how to translate the abstract concepts of therapeutic relationships into concrete skill sets exploration of counseling theories and tasks within and extending from core counseling skills videos that bring each chapter to life test banks, instructor’s manuals, syllabi, and guidance for learning-outcomes assessments for professors
Adolescent Bullying and Weapon Carrying: A Longitudinal Investigation

Using four data waves from an ongoing longitudinal study, we examined the longitudinal association between weapon carrying and bullying (i.e., bully, victim, bully-victim). Participants were 1,042 adolescents (55.9% female) recruited from Texas high schools, including Hispanic (31.7%), White (30.3%), African American (26.6%), and other (11.4%) with a mean age of 15.1 years at baseline. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only baseline bully-victim was linked to weapon carrying and only 1 year later (Adjusted odds ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.85), after controlling for baseline weapon carrying, age, gender, race, and parent education. No significant longitudinal association was found with bully or victim. Findings emphasize the importance of interventions targeting both bullying perpetrators and victims, while also highlighting the necessity of longitudinal research.
“I’m Not the Drummer’s Girlfriend”Merch Girls, Tour’s Misogynist Mythos, and the Gendered Dynamics of Live Music’s Backline Labor

This article explores the role of gender stereotype and gender bias within the industrial ecosystem of live music touring through the archetype of “Merch Girl,” a catch-all for women who sell merchandise. Using twenty interviews with touring workers and supplementary fieldwork, it situates the idea of “Merch Girl” within its industry ecosystem, querying the gendered dynamics of touring and the place of the merch stand in an often-sexist setting. It argues that merch selling’s second-class status is symptomatic of a set of insidious industrywide assumptions that delimit women’s ability to participate equitably in touring, specifically (1) that the job is a backroad for so-called “groupies” and romantic partners to gain illicit access; (2) that the merch table labor is gendered; and (3) that women’s place within live music itself is resultingly precarious. This rhetoric is a symptom of institutional sexism that delegitimizes women’s ability to belong in the touring industry.
Maternal support for infant learning: Findings from a randomized controlled trial of doula home visiting services for young mothers

Abstract This randomized controlled trial examined the impact of a doula home visiting intervention on maternal stimulation and support for learning during infancy. In this intervention, evidence-based home visiting programs incorporate community doulas, who provide support and education to mothers around pregnancy, childbirth, and fetal and infant development. In this study, 312 young, low income mothers from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and from four geographic locations were interviewed during pregnancy and then randomized to receive either doula home visiting services or low intensity case management services. At 3 weeks, 3 months, and 13 months postpartum, mothers were again interviewed and were video-recorded while interacting with their infants. Results showed that mothers assigned to the intervention were more likely to read to their infants and engage them in activities that foster cognitive development during early infancy. Additionally, moderation analyses revealed that mothers of boys and mothers with high levels of social support experienced additional benefits of the program. These findings add to a growing literature that community doulas, working in family homes, can positively affect the parenting behavior of low-income mothers.
Postwar Food Rumors: Security, Victimhood and Fear

Laura J. Hilton’s chapter examines the perceptions and reality of German wartime and postwar hunger and food scarcity. Hilton’s chapter demonstrates the centrality of food in the postwar rumor culture, as Germans questioned its origins, purity, costs, the rationing system and the black market. Rumors revealed how Germans re-remembered their past. They downplayed wartime food shortages and magnified the postwar scarcities, while displacing responsibility for them onto outsiders. They then linked post-1948 food stability with the resumption of control over their own economy. By constructing narratives that re-centered the responsibility for food shortages to non-Germans and created alternative explanations for deprivations, Germans sought to re-establish both their sense of self and control over their country, cementing their victimhood in the wake of the Second World War.
Hermetically-Encapsulated Unidirectional Accelerometer Contact Microphone for Wearable Applications

We report on a novel wafer-level-packaged accelerometer contact microphone to pick up acoustic vibrations orthogonal to its contact surface without responding to airborne acoustic emissions. The design uses a high-bandwidth low-noise unidirectional capacitive accelerometer with a deformable frame suspending a proof-mass, designed to have larger displacement at the edge to allow for the implementation of shock stops. The sense electrodes use a nano-gap to provide high electrical sensitivity with high stiffness design and nano-gap damping electrodes enable near-critical damping in a low vacuum encapsulation to achieve a high bandwidth above 14 kHz. We demonstrate that the miniature accelerometer contact microphone placed on the throat can record human speech and heart sounds with high fidelity while rejecting surrounding noises.
Abortion Complexity Scores from 1972 to 2018: A Cross-Sectional Time-Series Analysis Using Data from the General Social Survey

According to data from the General Social Survey (GSS), abortion attitudes have remained relatively stable since 1972. Despite this apparent stability, some researchers argue abortion opinions have become increasingly polarized, particularly among certain subgroups. Others argue people’s attitudes toward abortion are complex and nuanced; that is, people may feel conflicted or ambivalent about abortion in certain contexts. To better understand this issue, we examined complexity and polarization in people’s attitudes toward abortion using GSS data from 1972 until 2018 (n = 44,302). The GSS includes six items assessing whether it should be possible for “a pregnant woman to obtain a legal abortion” under specific circumstances. Using these items, we created an aggregate complexity measure. Negative binomial, Poisson, and logistic regression models were tested to assess potential changes in complexity and polarization over time among demographic subgroups. Findings indicate changes in complexity across political party affiliations, religious identity, and age groups. However, any significant differences among these demographic subgroups are lost once polarized scores are removed. That is, changes in complexity are driven largely by more people supporting access to abortion in all or no situations; among those who remain conflicted, there has been little change in complexity. These findings provide a more nuanced assessment of trends in abortion attitudes. Given the saliency of this issue, we recommend researchers consider alternative mechanisms to assess abortion attitudes. These nuanced assessments of abortion attitudes should be considered when determining the congruence between abortion legislation and public opinion.
Strain-Dependent Variability of Early Discovery Small Molecule Pharmacokinetics in Mice: Does Strain Matter?

Drug discovery programs routinely perform pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in mice to prioritize lead compounds based on anticipated exposure-efficacy and exposure-toxicity relationships. Because of logistical and/or technical issues, the strain of mouse in early discovery PK studies may not always match the strain in toxicity or efficacy studies. This elicits the question do appreciable strain-dependent differences in PK parameters exist to an extent that would warrant conducting PK studies in a strain that matches efficacy and toxicity models? To understand the impact that strain may have on PK parameters, we selected eight marketed drugs with well characterized absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and diverse structures to perform PK studies in three common mouse strains (Bagg Albino c, C57BL/6, and CD-1). Some statistical strain-dependent differences were observed; however, we found good general agreement of PK parameters between strains: 88%, 100%, 75%, 76%, 94%, and 88% of compounds were within twofold across strains for clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, t1/2, Cmax, Tmax, and oral bioavailability, respectively. Overall, we recommend that an approach using a single strain of mouse is appropriate for discovery screening PK studies, provided that proper caution is exercised. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mouse strain in discovery pharmacokinetic (PK) studies may not match the strain in efficacy and toxicology studies. Currently, there is a gap in the literature addressing whether differences in PK parameters across mouse strains exist such that multiple PK studies are warranted. The results from this study indicated that the PK properties of clinically used drugs between mouse strains are within an acceptable range such that single strain PK is appropriate.
Surrogate- and possibility-based design optimization for convective polymerase chain reaction devices

This paper presents a surrogate- and possibility-based design optimization (SPBDO) methodology for robust design of convective PCR. Parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are built and simulated at sampled locations within the design space to capture the effect of design configurations on thermofluidic transport and convection–diffusion-reaction in the convective PCR. A support vector machine-based classifier model is trained to retain only practically relevant data for enhanced surrogate modeling accuracy. Surrogate models are constructed by Kriging interpolation and multivariate polynomial regression methods to establish the mapping between design configurations and DNA doubling time (indicative of reactor performance). Then a process to combine the sequential method of PBDO and the surrogate model is developed, and a trade study is carried out to evaluate the impact of possibility of failure ( $$\alpha$$ -value) and the balance between performance and design reliability. Our study demonstrates that the proposed SPBDO represents an effective method to consider robustness in PCR design for POC applications, especially when the uncertainty information or possibilistic characteristics of design variables is limited.
Clinical Evaluation and Preoperative Considerations in Adolescent Girls with Endometriosis

Endometriosis is an important cause of pelvic pain among adolescent girls. A thorough history, physical exam, and a strong index of suspicion are required for a timely diagnosis. A 6-month trial of NSAIDs and hormonal therapy are recommended prior to consideration of laparoscopy for a definitive diagnosis and surgical management of this chronic disease. An understanding of the variable appearance of endometriosis at the time of surgery is key to solidifying the diagnosis. Long-term hormonal therapy following confirmation and surgical management of endometriosis by a skilled gynecologist or pediatric surgeon is recommended to reduce risk of disease recurrence and progression.
BPA based Selection Method for MMC Reactive Power Control Mode

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) usually adopt direct current control, which can be divided into inner loop current controller and outer loop power controller. The control modes of the outer loop power controller can be divided into active power control and reactive power control. When MMC is connected to AC system, it is necessary to select control mode and control setting values for MMC. This paper proposes a selection method of reactive power control on the basis of analyzing the output characteristics and the influence on AC grids of different control modes along with the reactive power demand of AC grids with different system strength, which is carried out on power system simulation program BPA. The method makes the voltage and reactive power flow regulation demand of AC grid match with MMC output reactive power and voltage. Finally, a simulation model is built on BPA to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as an example of how to carry out this method.
Phony peach disease: past and present impact on the peach industry in the southeastern U.S.A

Phony peach disease (PPD) is caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (Xfm). Historically, the disease has caused severe yield loss in Georgia and elsewhere in the southeastern United States, with millions of PPD trees being removed from peach orchards over the last century. The disease remains a production constraint, and management options are few. Limited research has been conducted on PPD since the 1980s, but the advent of new technologies offers the opportunity for new, foundational research to form a basis for informed management of PPD in the U.S. Furthermore, considering the global threat of Xylella to many plant species, preventing import of Xfm to other regions, particularly where peach is grown, should be considered an important phytosanitary endeavor. We review PPD, its history and impact on peach production, and the eradication efforts that were conducted for 42 years. Additionally, we review the current knowledge of the pathogen, Xfm, and how that knowledge relates to our understanding of the peach—Xylella pathosystem, including the epidemiology of the disease and consideration of the vectors. Methods used to detect the pathogen in peach are discussed, and ramifications of detection in relation to management and control of PPD are considered. Control options for PPD are limited. Our current knowledge of the pathogen diversity and disease epidemiology are described, and based on this, some potential areas for future research are also considered. There is a lack of recent foundational research on PPD and the associated strain of Xfm. More research is needed to reduce the impact of this pathogen on peach production in the southeastern U.S., and, should it spread internationally, wherever peaches are grown.
Well-being as Freedom: Future Directions in Well-Being

In this chapter we outline a vision to include well-being as part of a national agenda for education in the same way we teach numeracy and literacy. We argue that that quality of teaching is a critical driver and that this could be achieved through pre-service teacher training. We highlight a re-alignment in professional development, leadership and for entrance models to evolve schools from welfare to evidence-based wellbeing approaches, interventions and programs from positive psychology that have an impact on student well-being. enabling educators to teach the whole child. We argue that teachers should be taught the skills for personal well-being so that they are able to flourish before they try to help students achieve this goal. We argue a case for urgency in our national agenda to ensure that all students understand methods to be able to manage their well-being in the same way that they are able to read, write and understand arithmetic. As educational policy is considered in context of the World Health Organisation’s predictions about the trajectory of metal health we must act, and evidence-based approaches to educational systems and policies should be considered. Well-being of students and staff should become an objective of schools.
Immunotoxins for Glioma Therapy

Targeting cancer cells with an immunotoxin represents a novel therapeutic approach. Several immunotoxins composed of a ligand or antibody and truncated bacterial toxins are in clinical development to treat various cancers including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is an infiltrative tumor that defies a “ecomplete surgical resection”e invariably recurring most often at the site of resection. A number of local therapies are being explored. One approach is to identify unique or over-expressed cell surface receptors on GBM cells and targeting them with a receptor-specific immunotoxin. We have identified over-expression of a receptor for an immune regulatory cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13) on human malignant glioma cell lines, primary brain tumor cell cultures, and tumor tissues. The targeting of IL-13 receptors (IL-13R) with a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL 13-PE3 8QQR or IL-13-PE38, referred to here as IL 13-PE) demonstrated apotent and specific cell-killing of GBM cells in vitro. Normal brain cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells devoid of the unique IL-13R chain were not susceptible to immunotoxin cell killing activity. Direct injection of IL13-PE into subcutaneous (sc) or intracranial human GBM tumors in nude mice resulted in complete and durable regression of tumors. IL13-PE delivered through intravenous (iv) and intraperitoneal (ip) routes of administration also reduced sc tumor burden with fewer complete responses (CR). High doses of systemic (up to 50 μg/kg) or intracerebral (up to 100 μg/mL) IL13-PE were well tolerated in mice and rats, respectively without evidence of gross or microscopic necrosis.
SU‐E‐T‐345: Effect of DLG and MLC Transmission Value Set in the Treatment Planning System (TPS) On Dosimetric Accuracy of True Beam Hypofractionated SRT/SBRT and 2Gy/fx Prostate Rapid Arc Plans

Purpose: Due to limited commissioning time, we previously only released our True beam non-FFF mode for prostate treatment. Clinical demand now pushes us to release the non-FFF mode for SRT/SBRT treatment. When re-planning on True beam previously treated SRT/SBRT cases on iX machine we found the patient specific QA pass rate was worse than iX’s, though the 2Gy/fx prostate Result had been as good. We hypothesize that in TPS the True beam DLG and MLC transmission values, of those measured during commissioning could not yet provide accurate SRS/SBRT dosimetry. Hence this work is to investigate how the TPS DLG and transmission value affects Rapid Arc plans’ dosimetric accuracy. Methods: We increased DLG and transmission value of True beam in TPS such that their percentage differences against the measured matched those of iX’s. We re-calculated 2 SRT, 1 SBRT and 2 prostate plans, performed patient specific QA on these new plans and compared the results to the previous. Results: With DLG and transmission value set respectively 40 and 8% higher than the measured, the patient specific QA pass rate (at 3%/3mm) improved from 95.0 to 97.6% vs previous iX’s 97.8% in the case of SRT. In the case of SBRT, the pass rate improved from 75.2 to 93.9% vs previous iX’s 92.5%. In the case of prostate, the pass rate improved from 99.3 to 100%. The maximum dose difference in plans before and after adjusting DLG and transmission was approximately 1% of the prescription dose among all plans. Conclusion: The impact of adjusting DLG and transmission value on dosimetry might be the same among all Rapid Arc plans regardless hypofractionated or not. The large variation observed in patient specific QA pass rate might be due to the data analysis method in the QA software being more sensitive to hypofractionated plans.
Left-Handed Neutrinos and Right-Handed Scotinos

The Standard Model of particle interactions is extended to include fermion doublets (n,e)_R transforming under the gauge group SU(2)_R such that n is a scotino (dark-matter fermion), with odd R parity. This dark left-right model (DLRM) treats neutrinos and scotinos in parallel, and has interesting phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication. II. Kinetics of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in suspension cultures.

Abstract KB cells growing exponentially in suspension were infected with type 2 adenovirus at high input multiplicities. An increase in intracellular virus was first detected at 14 hours after infection and reached levels of 4000–10,000 PFU per cell at 36–48 hours after infection. Uninfected cells multiplied 3- to 4-fold during 48-hour experimental periods. In contrast, multiplication of cells in infected cultures was limited to the first 12 hours and was never more than 1.2- to 1.3-fold. Measurements of virus adsorption, infective center formation, and surviving cells indicated that essentially all cells were infected within 1 hour after addition of virus. Infected cells did not lyse but appeared to increase in size. Dry weight analysis revealed a continuous increase in mass per infected cell to double that of control cells at 36 hours after infection. Protein, DNA, and RNA accumulated continuously in infected cells starting within 12 hours after infection. At 36 hours after infection the content per cell of these polymers reached double that of uninfected cells. The significance of increased polymer synthesis in relation to virus production is discussed.
Monitoring and fault detection of continuous glucose sensor measurements

Faults in subcutaneous glucose concentration readings can cause the computation of insulin infusion rates that can lead to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in artificial pancreas control systems for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this paper, multivariable statistical monitoring methods are used for detection of faults in glucose concentration values reported by a glucose sensor. Multiway principal component analysis is used to develop a model that describes the expected variation in glucose readings under normal conditions. Various meal scenarios are defined to generate different data-sets using the UVa/Padova metabolic simulator. Dynamic time warping is used for synchronization of different scenarios. Different faults such as step, random, drift and exponential changes are tested. The results show that the proposed method is able to detect various types of faults with high accuracy. Detailed analysis of sensitivity, false detection ratio and detection time for different fault types is also presented. The proposed fault detection algorithm can decrease the effects of faults on insulin infusion rates and reduce the potential for hypo- or hyperglycemia for patients with T1D.
Liberalities of Feeling: Free Market Subjectivities in Margaret Atwood'sThe Blind Assassin

Margaret Atwood's tenth novel The Blind Assassin (2000) juxtaposes Depression-era politics against those at the end of the twentieth century. This essay argues that the novel levies a critique against market liberalism's attempt to bring all human spheres into the realm of market logics. At stake in The Blind Assassin is an acknowledgment that market liberalism, a theory of political economy, is a theory also of human subjectivity.
Does Exercising with Another Enhance the Stress-Reducing Benefits of Exercise?

This study sought to determine if the stress-reducing benefits of exercise are improved by exercising with others rather than alone. One hundred and thirty-six participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring levels of tension, calmness, energy, and tiredness before exercise, immediately following exercise, and later that day before bedtime. Participants exercised on a laboratory stationary bicycle for 30 minutes at moderate intensity either alone, with another person while talking, or with another person while remaining silent. A series of ANOVA procedures revealed that participants generally experienced more energy and calmness and less tiredness after exercise. Furthermore, exercising with someone resulted in more calmness but also more tiredness than when exercising alone. Males generally reported more positive psychological effects than females. Results suggest that exercise with someone may be calming but more tiring due to a potential increased competition or workload.
New Models of Regulation and Interagency Governance

This symposium contribution explores how technological convergence and the shift towards access regulation are fundamentally transforming the basic tools and goals of telecommunications regulation. However, policy makers have largely ignored the manner in which access requirements can forestall the buildout of alternative transmission technologies. Simply put, compelling access discourages investment in new networks by rescuing firms that need network services from having to invest in alternative sources of supply. In addition, forcing incumbent carriers to share their networks cuts those who would like to construct alternative network facilities off from their natural strategic partners. As a result, access remedies can have the perverse effect of cementing existing monopolies into place. In addition, policy makers have largely overlooked how technological convergence and the shift towards access regulation have undercut the justification for employing cost-based methodologies when setting rates. The more appropriate step at this point would be to adopt the more economically sound approach of basing rates on market prices. Finally, the advent of convergence is also exerting pressure on the tendency under current law to regulate each communications technology as a universe unto itself. The impending shift to packet-switched architectures promises to cause all networks to become substitutes for one another. Indeed, it is possible to envision a world in which different network technologies act as complements rather than substitutes for one another, with different packets arriving in the house through the most efficient transmission media, a transformation that would pose its own share of regulatory challenges.
The Landscape of GIScience Publications 1997–2007: An Empirical Investigation with Latent Semantic Analysis

This article reports on an empirical study of the trends and patterns of research activities in Geographic Information Science (GIScience) during the years 1997–2007. The GIScience research priorities identified by the University Consortium of Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) were used as guidelines to examine the 985 research articles published in six well-recognized academic journals. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) was employed to investigate the association among the different GIScience research themes. The spatial and temporal patterns of the association between the publications and the different GIScience themes were examined to show the development of GIScience research during the study period. Furthermore, correlation analyses between the publications were conducted following the LSA results to reveal GIScience research networks, including the networks of the published articles and those formed by the research places. In this article, we applied an approach that was developed within information science to depict what GIS research activities were conducted when and where and how they connect to each other through sharing common research themes. The related findings pave the way for future efforts to describe the paradigm of GIScience as well as the pattern of GIScience research.
Evaluation of High-Current Toroid Power Inductor With NdFeB Magnet for DC–DC Power Converters

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of a high-current toroid power inductor (TPI) with a NdFeB permanent magnet (PMTPI). By adding a small piece of a fabricated NdFeB-N35EH magnet (the magnet volume is ∼0.36% of the PMTPI ferrite core volume) in the air gap of the TPI, the saturation current of the PMTPI is doubled with the same size and inductance value. The desired dimensions of the NdFeB-N35EH permanent magnet (PM) are calculated before fabrication, and then, the fabricated PM is characterized. The ∼6.8-μH PMTPI is tested in a 5–2-V buck power converter. Results show that, compared with a TPI with the same size and inductance (∼6.8 μH) without the PM, the saturation current of the PMTPI is doubled (from 7 to 14 A). Compared with another TPI with a larger size needed to double the saturation current, the ferrite core weight of the PMTPI is reduced to 53.6%, and the core volume is reduced to 59.2%. Experimental results also show that the addition of the NdFeB-N35EH PM does not introduce additional power losses and increase of temperature for the PMTPI and does not affect the power converter efficiency.
Further studies of study habits and study skills

In previous research, the Estes-Richards Inventory of Study Habits (ERISH) has proven to be a reliable tool, with a stable factor structure when administered to large classes of engineering students. However, in the previous study (FIE 99), there was minimal variability in grades in this Introduction to Engineering class, and thus the ERISH results were not strongly related to performance. In an attempt to find a class with greater variability in performance, we studied a first year Single Variable Calculus class. The ERISH was administered twice: once with respect to classes in general and then with special focus on the Calculus class. In this paper, we review the results from this new sample of students, and reflect on how to improve study skills and habits among first year students.
Inhibition of Enterovirus Cytopathic Effects by 2-(α-Hydroxybenzyl)-Benzimidazole

Bablanian, Rostom (The Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y.), Hans J. Eggers, and Igor Tamm. Inhibition of enterovirus cytopathic effects by 2-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole. J. Bacteriol. 91:1289–1294. 1966.—2-(α-Hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole (HBB), a specific inhibitor of enterovirus multiplication, markedly delayed the development of cytopathological changes induced by echovirus 12 or coxsackievirus B4 in monkey kidney cells, but did not prevent the ultimate degeneration of infected cells, even though virus multiplication was inhibited. The study of the development of viral cytopathic effects was facilitated by the use of antiviral immune serum, which restricted the infection to those cells which became infected by the inoculated virus and thereby established single-cycle conditions. With echovirus 12 and coxsackievirus B4 not all cells could be infected initially, even when cultures were inoculated at input multiplicities in excess of 100 plaque-forming units per cell.
Glucose uptake heterogeneity of the leg muscles is similar between patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls during walking

Abstract Background Difficulties in ambulation are one of the main problems reported by patients with multiple sclerosis. A previous study by our research group showed increased recruitment of muscle groups during walking, but the influence of skeletal muscle properties, such as muscle fiber activity, has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this investigation was to use the novel method of calculating glucose uptake heterogeneity in the leg muscles of patients with multiple sclerosis and compare these results to healthy controls. Methods Eight patients with multiple sclerosis (4 men) and 8 healthy controls (4 men) performed 15 min of treadmill walking at a comfortable self-selected speed following muscle strength tests. Participants were injected with ≈ 8 mCi of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose during walking after which positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging was performed. Findings No differences in muscle strength were detected between multiple sclerosis and control groups (P > 0.27). Within the multiple sclerosis, group differences in muscle volume existed between the stronger and weaker legs in the vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus (P 0.16, P ≥ 0.05). Interpretations Patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls showed similar muscle fiber activity during walking. Interpretations of these results, with respect to our previous study, suggest that walking difficulties in patients with multiple sclerosis may be more associated with altered central nervous system motor patterns rather than alterations in skeletal muscle properties.
Furan/imide Diels–Alder polymers as dielectric materials

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a series of Diels–Alder (DA) polymers made with various bis-furans and 1,3-bis(maleimide)propane are described. Due to the fact that these syntheses produce no byproducts inherent to their mechanism, as well as the relative ease at which highly functionalized monomers can be made, these polymers are identified as candidates for dielectric materials with high dielectric constants. The dielectric spectra of these polymers are reported, with an emphasis placed on describing observed structure–property trends. Dielectric constants for these materials range from 4.31 to 6.75 at room temperature, with dielectric losses in the 1–2% regime. These polymers are thermally stable to ∼130°C, where the retro DA reaction was confirmed with multiple analytical methods, including thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry thermal desorption spectroscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40179.
Interleukin-8 is regulated by Src kinases in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells

Purpose. One of the angiogenic factors secreted from many pancreatic tumors is Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Several signaling pathways have been implicated in IL-8 expression. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the protein tyrosine kinase, Src, in mediating IL-8 expression in pancreatic tumor cells. Experimental Design. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines were grown in vitro and maintained in standard culture medium. Stable transfections were achieved with a tetracycline-controlled gene expression system for expression of Src. Transient lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedures were achieved with an NFκB promoter plasmid driving the expression of luciferase. Selective signal transduction inhibitors, PP2 (for Src Family), LY294002 (for PI3 kinase), PD98059 (for MEK), and SB203580 (for p38 MAPK), were added to cells to examine effects on IL-8 expression. Following incubation in 1% serum, IL-8 expression in culture medium was determined by ELISA and expression and phosphorylation of specific signal transduction enzymes were determined by immunoblotting. Results. Significant (P < 0.005) dose-dependent decreases were observed in IL-8 expression by inhibiting Src family kinases with PP2. Inhibition of SFK also resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and Erk1/2. In addition, significant (P < 0.005) dose-dependent decreases were observed in IL-8 expression by inhibiting Src-dependent signaling molecules Erk1/2, and p38, but not Akt phosphorylation. When the expression of Src was induced with doxycycline in the Tet-On system, there was a significant increase in IL-8 protein expression when compared to controls. Inhibition of Src activity did not result in decreases in NFκB transcriptional activity. Conclusions. Src protein tyrosine kinase activity correlates with IL-8 protein expression and regulates critical “downstream” signaling enzymes, p38, and Erk1/2 MAPKs, which contribute to expression of IL-8 in human pancreatic tumor cells. Src activity regulates IL-8 expression in an NFκB-independent manner. Src may be a target for therapeutic intervention of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.