cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production and metabolism of ceramide in normal and ischemic-reperfused myocardium of rats.

M Abstract Ceramide has been shown to be a key signaling molecule involved in the apoptotic effect of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and other cytokines. Given the importance of cytokines such as TNF-a in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, we hypothesize that ceramide is increased during ischemia or reperfusion, and that the activity of enzymes responsible for its production or breakdown should be increased and/or decreased, respectively. Therefore, in the present study, we characterized the enzymatic activities responsible for ceramide production and metabolism in the myocardium of rats, and determined the contribution of these enzymes to altered ceramide levels during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The basal ceramide concentration in the myocardium of rats was 34.0 pmol/mg tissue. As determined by the conversion of 14 C-sphingomyelin into ceramide and 14 C-choline phosphate, both neutral (N-) and acidic (A-) SMase were detected in the myocardium, with a conversion rate of 0.09 ± 0.008 and 0.32 ± 0.05 nmol/min per mg protein, respectively. The activity of A-SMase (78 % of total cellular activity) was significantly higher in microsomes than in cytosol, while the activity of N-SMase was similar in both fractions. Ceramidase, a ceramide-metabolizing enzyme, was also detected in the myocardium of rats. It metabolized ceramide into sphingosine at a rate of 9.94 ± 0.42 pmol/min per mg protein. In anesthetized rats, 30 min of ischemia had no apparent effect on ceramide concentrations in the myocardium, while 30 min of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion resulted in a significant increase in ceramide by 48 %. The activities of both N- and A-SMase were reduced by 44 % and 32 %, respectively, in the myocardium subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion, but unaltered in the ischemic myocardium. It was also found that myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion produced a marked inhibition of ceramidase (by 29 %). These results demonstrate that the myocardium of rats expresses N- and A-SMase and ceramidase, which contribute to the production and metabolism of ceramide, respectively. Tissue ceramide concentrations increased in reperfused myocardium. These increases in ceramide were not associated with enhanced SMase activity, but rather with reduced ceramidase activity.
GENDER AND GLOBALIZATION: FEMALE LABOR AND WOMEN'S MOBILIZATION

This paper casts a gender perspective on globalization to illuminate the contradictory effects on women workers and on women's activism. The scope of the paper is global. The sources of data are UN publications, country-based data and newsletters from women's organizations as well as the author's fieldwork. The paper begins by examining the various dimensions of globalization-economic, political and cultural, with a focus on their contradictory social-gender effects. These include inequalities in the global economy and the continued hegemony of the core, the feminization of labor, the withering away of the developmentalist/welfarist state, the rise of identity politics and other forms of particularism, the spread of concepts of human rights and women's rights, and the proliferation of women's organizations and transnational feminist networks. I argue that, although globalization has had dire economic effects, the process has created a new constituency-working women and organizing women who may herald a potent anti-systemic movement. World-systems theory, social movement theory, and development studies should take account of female labor and of oppositional transnational feminist networks.
Plasticity of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic bladder contractions in rats after chronic spinal cord injury

The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacologic plasticity of cholinergic, non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC), and purinergic contractions in neurogenic bladder strips from spinal cord injured (SCI) rats. Bladder strips were harvested from female rats three to four weeks after T(9)-T(10) spinal cord transection. The strips were electrically stimulated using two experimental protocols to compare the contribution of muscarinic and NANC/purinergic contractions in the presence and the absence of carbachol or muscarine. The endpoints of the study were: (1) percent NANC contraction that was unmasked by the muscarinic antagonist 4-DAMP, and (2) P2X purinergic contraction that was evoked by α,β-methylene ATP. NANC contraction accounted for 78.5% of the neurally evoked contraction in SCI bladders. When SCI bladder strips were treated with carbachol (10 μM) prior to 4-DAMP (500 nM), the percent NANC contraction decreased dramatically to only 13.1% of the neurally evoked contraction (P=0.041). This was accompanied by a substantial decrease in α,β-methylene ATP evoked P2X contraction, and desensitization of purinergic receptors (the ratio of subsequent over initial P2X contraction decreased from 97.2% to 42.1%, P=0.0017). Sequential activation of the cholinergic receptors with carbachol (or with muscarine in neurally intact bladders) and unmasking of the NANC response with 4-DAMP switched the neurally evoked bladder contraction from predominantly NANC to predominantly cholinergic. We conclude that activation of muscarinic receptors (with carbachol or muscarine) blocks NANC and purinergic contractions in neurally intact or in SCI rat bladders. The carbachol-induced inhibition of the NANC contraction is expressed more in SCI bladders compared to neurally intact bladders. Along with receptor plasticity, this change in bladder function may involve P2X-independent mechanisms.
Obesity Is Associated With Nocturnal And Exercise-related Symptoms, But Not Asthma Severity In Urban Children With Asthma

M O N D A Y 557 International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL) phase 3, S~ao Paulo SP, Brazil C. S. Aranda, E. O. Dantas, J. A. Soares, L. Fonzar, A. C. Dela Bianca, G. F. Wandalsen, J. Mallol, D. Sole; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BRAZIL, Universidade de Santiago, Santiago, CHILE. RATIONALE: To assess the prevalence and severity of wheezing in the first year of life using the standardized protocol of ‘‘Estudio Internacional de Sibilancia en Lactentes’’ (EISL) phase 3, and to compare them to the previously obtained during phase 1 in the same region. METHODS: Parents of infants who sought primary health care clinics, between 2009 and 2010, answered the EISL written questionnaire (n 5 1335). These data were compared with those obtained previously in phase 1 (n 5 1014), held between 2005 and 2006. RESULTS: Prevalence of wheezing was similar (44.6% versus 46%) between the two phases. When evaluated according to the number of episodes, there was an increase in relation to occasional wheezing (19.4% versus 23%). By contrast, there was a reduction in recurrent wheezing (26.7% versus 21.6%). Regarding the diagnosis of asthma, a significant increase occurred (7.4% versus 21%) as well as hospitalizations for bronchitis (19.6% versus 33%). 231 infants (17%) had pneumonia in phase 3, 193 (14.5%) in the wheezing group and 38 (2,8%) in the not wheezing group. The prevalence of wheezing who had pneumonia was similar (30.8% versus 32%) between the two phases, while the number of hospitalizations for pneumonia increased (15% versus 20%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing episodes among one yearold infants living in southern-central region of S~ao Paulo was high and early in life. There is also a high prevalence of pneumonia in the groupwith wheezing, which shows a direct relationship between these two serious diseases.
The evolution of social behavior in the prehistoric American Southwest

Long House Valley, located in the Black Mesa area of northeastern Arizona (USA), was inhabited by the Kayenta Anasazi from circa 1800 B.C. to circa A.D. 1300. These people were prehistoric precursors of the modern Pueblo cultures of the Colorado Plateau. A rich paleoenvironmental record, based on alluvial geomorphology, palynology, and dendroclimatology, permits the accurate quantitative reconstruction of annual fluctuations in potential agricultural production (kg maize/hectare). The archaeological record of Anasazi farming groups from A.D. 200 to 1300 provides information on a millennium of sociocultural stasis, variability, change, and adaptation. We report on a multi-agent computational model of this society that closely reproduces the main features of its actual history, including population ebb and flow, changing spatial settlement patterns, and eventual rapid decline. The agents in the model are monoagriculturalists, who decide both where to situate their fields and where to locate their settlements.
Cell cycle kinetics and monoclonal antibody productivity of hybridoma cells during perfusion culture.

The flow-cytometric (FCM) analysis of bivariate DNA/lgG distributions has been conducted to study the cell cycle kinetics and monoclonal antibody (MAb) production during perfusion culture of hybridoma cells. Three different perfusion rates were employed to demonstrate the dependency of MAb synthesis and secretion on cell cycle and growth rate. The results showed that, during the rapid growth period of perfusion culture, the level of intracellular igG contents of hybridoma cells changed significantly at each perfusion rate, while the DNA histograms showing cell cycle phases were almost constant. Meanwhile, during the reduced growth period of perfusion culture, the fraction of cells in the S phase decreased, and the fraction cells in the G1/G0 phase increased with decreasing growth rate. The fraction of cells in the G2/M phase was relatively constant during the whole period of perfusion culture. Positive correlation was found between mean intracellular IgG contents and the specific MAb production rate, suggesting that the deletion of intracellular IgG contents by a flow cytometer could be used as a good indicator for the prediction of changes in specific MAb productivity following manipulation of the culture condition. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MEDLINE data communications.

A primary objective of the Data Communication Component (MEDLINE) of the Biomedical Communications Network (BCN) is to provide low-cost, reliable, nationwide and international access to the NLM on-line services. The network has evolved over several years and continues to change as new technologies and user requirements emerge. Today, TELENET and TYMNET form the backbone of the network complemented by a variety of other communication resources. This paper discusses the evolution of the network, and the domestic and international communication services.Le reseau de communication biomedical (Biomedical Communication Network-BCN) a pour composante principale le systeme de transmission de donnees MEDLINE. Tant au niveau national qu'international, l'objectif essentiel de MEDLINE est de permettre l'acces aux services temps reel offerts par la National Library of Medicine (NLM), et ceci avec de faibles courts d'exploitation et une grande fiabilite. Le reseau s'est developpe sur plusieurs annees et continue a evol...
Minimizing power consumption and complexity in a programmable transmit filter bank for OFDM

Filter banks are efficient and essential signal processing blocks for design and implementation of multi-rate multi-band communications and signaling. In this paper we analytically study and derive the optimum choice of design parameters and filter bank structure to minimize power consumption and implementation cost for a programmable multi-rate transmit filter bank for OFDM. The optimization is performed on two fronts. We first perform system-level power and complexity analysis to define the optimum choice of filter parameters. Then through a hardware-level optimization, an efficient filter bank structure is introduced that results in at least a factor of 4 power reduction and also a complexity reduction from 6.95GOPS to 1.73GOPS for the multi-rate filter bank over the baseline design.
Mahmoud Mukhtar: ‘The first sculptor from the land of sculpture’

Considered Egypt's most prominent modern sculptor, Mahmoud Mukhtar (1891–1934) moved between Cairo and Paris throughout his career, blending a modern European sculptural aesthetic with ancient Egyptian imagery. The resulting oeuvre of work, and especially his masterpiece, Egypt's Reawakening (1920–28), provided the populace with a way to visually imagine the new Egyptian nation-state. Mukhtar's artwork reveals the transnational nature of the early twentieth-century art world and the consequential importance of the nation within that world.
Dynamic fragmentation of brittle materials: analytical mechanics-based models

Abstract Two analytical mechanics-based models of dynamic fragmentation in brittle materials are proposed and solved to predict fragment size and time to fragmentation onset in terms of fundamental material properties and the applied strain rate. Previous widely adopted analytical models of dynamic fragmentation are based on relatively simple energy balance arguments, and assume that the fragmentation event occurs instantaneously. The present models account for the actual time-varying dynamic deformation that occurs prior to fragmentation onset. One of the models treats the fragmenting material as initially flaw-free, and determines the minimum fragment size predicted by a dynamic instability analysis. The second model accounts for initial flaw spacing (which may correlate physically with, for example, grain size), and a dynamic instability analysis is employed to determine which flaws become critical. The fragment size predictions of the present models and two previous energy-based models are found to agree at extremely high strain rates (≈5×107/s for dense alumina), but the present, more realistic analysis indicates that the regime of validity of the energy-based models is rather restricted. The predictions of the present models are also shown to agree with those of a recent numerical finite element simulation of dynamic fragmentation which applies to a lower strain rate regime. Comparisons of the two new models show that if a material contains initial flaws whose spacing is smaller than the predicted fragment size of an equivalent “unflawed” material, the fragment size of the preflawed material will be smaller in general, but usually not as small as the initial flaw spacing. The analysis also permits determination of the evolution of the strain rate distribution in a prospective fragment before and after fragmentation initiation; results are presented for some example cases. Finally, closed-form analytical results are derived for minimum fragment size and time to fragmentation for strain rates in the quasi-static regime; these show the fragment size to be independent of strain rate in this regime, and the time to fragmentation initiation to be inversely proportional to the strain rate.
Fructose Utilization in the Growing Chicken

Abstract Becker et al. (1954a) have shown that newborn pigs can neither hydrolyze sucrose nor can they utilize fructose. However, early in life piglets develop the capacity to utilize sucrose (Becker et al., 1954b) and, according to Kidder et al. (1963), at an age of 17 days they appear to have the ability to completely hydrolyze sucrose. Mitchell et al. (1937) observed a slight impairment in the digestibility of organic nutrients in a sucrose ration for rats, as compared with a ration containing glucose, and a slower rate of growth and of protein deposition on a fructose-containing ration. In the same species, Ruttloff and Ketz (1961) observed a decreased absorption rate for fructose as compared with glucose. In the chicken, the protein level has been shown to play a role in the comparative utilization of carbohydrates, sucrose diets promoting a growth rate equivalent to that obtained with dextrin diets on high-…
Why Does the Yellow-Eyed Ensatina Have Yellow Eyes? Batesian Mimicry of Pacific Newts (Genus Taricha) by the Salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica

Color patterns commonly vary geographically within species, but it is rare that such variation corresponds with divergent antipredator strategies. The polymorphic salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii, however, may represent such a case. In this species, most subspecies are cryptically colored, whereas E. e. xanthoptica, the Yellow eyed ensatina, is hypothesized to be an aposematic mimic of highly toxic Pacific newts (genus Taricha). To test the mimicry hypothesis, we conducted feeding trials using Western Scrub-Jays, Aphelocoma californica. In every feeding trial, we found that jays, following presentation with the presumed model (T. torosa), were more hesitant to contact the presumed mimic (E. e. xanthoptica) than a control subspecies lacking the postulated aposematic colors (E. e. oregonensis). The median time to contact was 315 sec for the mimic and 52 sec for the control. These results support the mimicry hypothesis, and we suggest that E. e. xanthoptica is likely a Batesian mimic, rather a Mullerian or quasi-Batesian mimic, of Pacific newts.
A Novel Regulatory Role of CITED2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Stem Cells and in Modulating the Effect of HDACi Treatment on NSCLC

Purpose/Objective(s): Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis after radiation or chemotherapy. Our previous study indicated that butyrate, a small molecule anticancer agent and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), sensitizes the NSCLC stem cell population to ionizing radiation. Butyrate treatment of NSCLC stem cells prior to radiation decreased the number of CSCs and suppressed expression of CSC marker ABCG2, compared to non-butyrate-treated cells. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of butyrate on NSCLC stem cells is unclear. A recent study reported that CITED2 (Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2), a transcriptional regulator that plays a critical role in stem cell fate determination and renewal, is inducible by HDACi in colon cancer cells. We therefore examined the role of CITED2 in regulating expression of CSC markers ABCG2 and CD24, and in modulating the biological effect of butyrate on the NSCLC stem cell population. Materials/Methods: Human NSCLC cells (line A549) were treated with butyrate (0.5-5 mM) for 24 hrs, or were transfected with plasmids carrying CITED2 human cDNA (overexpression), CITED2 siRNA (knockdown) or empty vector control. Following these treatments, cells received 0-8 Gy ionizing radiation. Cell survival fraction was analyzed by a clonogenic assay. The cancer stem cell population (Hoechst 33342 side population) was identified by FACS. mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results: Butyrate induced expression of CITED2 in A549 cells in a dosedependent manner. Overexpression of CITED2 in A549 cells significantly reduced the CSC population and decreased expression of stem cell markers ABCG2 and CD24. CITED2 overexpression also sensitized A549 cells to ionizing radiation, mimicking the effects of butyrate on NSCLC. Moreover, CITED2 knockdown prevented butyrate-induced suppression of ABCG2 and CD24, suggesting a synergistic effect of CITED2 and butyrate on reducing the NSCLC stem cell population. Conclusions: Our study provides first evidence that CITED2, a transcriptional regulator inducible by butyrate, plays a critical role in regulating expression of CSC markers and in modulating the biological effect of butyrate on NSCLC stem cell populations. We demonstrated: 1) CITED2 represses CSC markers ABCG2 and CD24 in NSCLC stem cells; 2) CITED2 synergistically enhances the capacity of butyrate, a sensitizer of NSCLC stem cells to ionizing radiation, to reduce both the ABCG2(+) and CD24(+) NSCLC stem cell populations. Author Disclosure: Z. He: None. D.J. Leong: None. J. Tang: None. R.J. Majeska: None. S. Kalnicki: None. H.B. Sun: None.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool-Age Children: Issues and Concerns

The diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has been steadily increasing over the past 10 years. ADHD is associated with numerous health, behavioral, social, and academic outcomes. The use of medication is common for the treatment of ADHD. However, the evidence base for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for children younger than 6 years of age is limited. Both short-term and long-term studies of efficacy and safety of all interventions are needed in this population, especially the use of psychotropic medications. Understanding the long-term effects of psychotropic medication on the developing brains of preschoolers has important implications for outcomes into adulthood. Nonpharmacologic evidence-based interventions are available and should serve as the first line of treatment in this population. Future research needs include further evidence regarding specific curricula, dose, duration, delivery methods, and staff training to ensure optimal intervention outcomes.
Artificial Skill due to Predictor Screening

Abstract This paper shows that if predictors are selected preferentially because of their strong correlation with a prediction variable, then standard methods for validating prediction models derived from these predictors will be biased. This bias is demonstrated by screening random numbers and showing that regression models derived from these random numbers have apparent skill, in a cross-validation sense, even though the predictors cannot possibly have the slightest predictive usefulness. This result seemingly implies that random numbers can give useful predictions, since the sample being predicted is separate from the sample used to estimate the regression model. The resolution of this paradox is that, prior to cross validation, all of the data had been used to evaluate correlations for selecting predictors. This situation differs from real-time forecasts in that the future sample is not available for screening. These results clarify the fallacy in assuming that if a model performs well in cross-valida...
A Winter Field-based Course on Limnology and Paleolimnology

The Union College (New York) course Lakes and Environmental Change balances the practical constraints of offering a field-based limnology / paleolimnology course during a winter term without the availability of a large lake or research vessel. Reliable ice conditions and an abundance of nearby small lakes assure a variety of candidate lake systems. Beginning with drainage basin analysis and progressing through water-column measurements, analysis of spatial distribution of surface sediment characteristics, and culminating with collection and analysis of sediment cores, this inherently interdisciplinary course ties together aspects of geochemistry, ecology, sedimentology, and physics. We compare two lake systems each year and in most cases the field and laboratory work represents some of the first limnologic work done on the lakes. Through this systematic framework for investigating each year's lakes, the course resembles an authentic research project, rather than a series of unrelated lab exercises. Classr...
Constituents from Gymnema sylvestre Leaves V: Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of the Gymnemic Acids

The objectives of this investigation were to isolate and characterize the constituents of gymnemic acid, the antisweet principle of Gymnema sylvestre leaves, and to make them available for further biological testing. Gymnemic acid was found to be a complex mixture of at least nine closely related acidic glycosides. Solvent extraction and chromatography of gymnemic acid resulted in the isolation of gymnemic acids A-D (the major constituents) and V in crystalline form. Acids A-D are glycosides which yield glucuronic acid on hydrolysis while acids C and D also yield glucose. The gymnemic acids isolated in this study are compared to those described in the literature.
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Surveillance and Reduction Strategies across the Continuum of Care of a Tertiary-Care Pediatric Institution

Abstract BACKGROUND: Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CBSIs) are the most common type of device-related, healthcare-associated infection across the care continuum at Columbus Children's Hospital (CCH). CBSIs result in prolongation of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality at CCH and nationally. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of CBSI surveillance across the care continuum and of interdisciplinary collaboration to identify and implement interventions to reduce the risk of occurrence. METHODS: In 1990, CCH became a member of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS). Surveillance began in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The other inpatient units and Home Parenteral Nutritional (HPN) Program were added in 1994, followed by CCH's Homecare (HC) in 2000. Infection control practitioners (ICPs) conduct surveillance in all inpatient units utilizing NNIS criteria. Nutritional Support Services collects HPN data; HC collects data based upon Infection Control Committee (ICC)–approved criteria. Epidemiology assists with interpretation, analysis, and recommendations for these areas. Meetings occur regularly to identify opportunities for improvement and to ensure consistent practice in all settings. RESULTS: Rates are expressed as the number of CBSI/1000 central line days. The following are a comparison of rates from 2000 and 2003 year to day by site or service: Hospital-wide (6.5 versus 4.9, p = 0.015); PICU (7.8 versus 5.5, p = 0.150); NICU (10.5 versus 6.3, p = 0.006); HC Private Duty Nursing (4.0 versus 1.9, p = 0.273); HC Pharmacy Only (2.0 versus 1.7, p = 0.360); HPN patients served by CCH HC (9.0 versus 5.6, p = 0.093), and those served by other HCs (3.8 to 8.0, p = 0.178). CONCLUSIONS: 1) CBSI surveillance across the care continuum is essential. 2) Interdisciplinary collaboration maximizes identification of opportunities to improve. 3) Direct observation of healthcare workers' practice with feedback and standardized policy/practice is essential. 4) Feedback to other HC companies caring for our patients is necessary. 5) Administrative, Medical Staff, and ICC support is critical. 6) An organizational culture of patient safety is required. 7) In 2003, an IV Access Taskforce identified interventions including a budget-approved IV Access Team.
The Social Security Administration's youth transition demonstration projects

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is funding Youth Transition Demonstration (YTD) projects in multiple sites across the country. These projects seek to improve transitions to adulthood for youth whose disabilities are so severe that they either are currently receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security disability benefits, or are at high risk of receiving them in the future. Youth participating in the projects are eligible for more generous earnings disregards and other incentives under SSA waivers of certain disability program rules. In addition, the projects provide them with individualized employment and benefits planning services. The waivers and services are designed to increase the likelihood that the YTD participants will become employed, earn enough to reduce their disability benefits, and eventually leave the disability rolls. Under contract with SSA, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. is conducting a rigorous random assignment evaluation of six of the demonstration projects. Approximately 880 youth at each site who agree to participate in the evaluation are being randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. The treatment group members are eligible for the SSA waivers and YTD services; the control group members are eligible for neither, but they can receive standard disability program work incentives and whatever alternative services may be available in their communities. Mathematica is gathering data on the treatment and control group members for up to four years following random assignment through surveys and SSA administrative records. By comparing mean values of outcomes such as earnings and disability benefit amounts for the treatment and control groups, the evaluation will assess whether the YTD projects are successful at improving transitions to adulthood. Findings from the evaluation will be presented in site-specific interim reports in 2010-2012 and in a comprehensive final report in 2014.
United Nations community policing in conflicted area of Darfur Sudan

Objectives To elaborate community policing model used in conflicted area of Darfur Sudan. Methods The study is based upon the UN Security Council resolutions and policy documents of Police of United Nations and African Union Mission in Darfur. The mechanism and procedure of community policing will be elaborated. Results The UN community policing model is based upon collaboration of local police with the community and capacity building of police to improve policing standard. Community policing is an effective tool of monitoring and reducing crime and violence in the conflict affected area. Conclusions There is greater need for improvement of Community Policing in conflicted areas to improve human rights standard by means of effective linkage between Police and IDPS and capacity building of Police.
More than child's play: the potential benefits of play ‑ based interventions for young children with ADHD

The phrase ‘play-based interventions’ tends to generate thoughts and images of play therapy. This treatment, which originated with Anna Freud and Melanie Klein, and was subsequently developed by Ax...
Numerical Simulation of a Midlatitude Squall Line in Two Dimensions

Abstract A two-dimensional, anelastic cloud model was used in attempts to numerically replicate the observed structure of a midlatitude squall line. Initial conditions were adapted from observations of the 22 May 1976 Oklahoma line. Model simulations were made with and without considering the ice phase of water. These model storms have, within the constraints of the model's geometry, replicated the basic multicellular character and general line-normal airflow typical of these lines. In addition, the structure and intensity of the subcloud cold air pool and the propagation speeds developed by the storms appear to be reasonable. Further, it was found that the initial conditions chosen resulted in model storms which were not only long-lasting but also essentially repetitive, indicating that a state of quasi-equilibrium had been attained. The storms did not decay because the environmental conditions ahead of the storms were favorable and essentially unchanged during the course of the simulations. The inclusio...
Perioperative visual loss.

Perioperative visual loss is an infrequent, devastating complication associated with spine surgery, most commonly from ischemic optic neuropathy. Current research and expert opinion indicate that it is associated with procedures that create elevated venous pressure in the head for prolonged periods of time. The largest case–control study on ischemic optic neuropathy associated with spine surgery found six independent and significant risk factors including male sex, obesity, Wilson frame use, longer operative times, greater blood loss, and a lower colloid to crystalloid ratio in the non-blood fluid administration. The American Society of Anesthesiologists developed a practice advisory for the prevention of this complication. In this setting, it is advisable to avoid significant physiologic and hemodynamic perturbations as much as possible, given the uncertainty of the pathophysiology. Because prevention of this complication cannot be guaranteed, consent for perioperative visual loss should be strongly considered in patients at high risk for this complication.
Structural characterization of amphiphilic siderophores produced by a soda lake isolate, Halomonas sp. SL01, reveals cysteine-, phenylalanine- and proline-containing head groups

Soap Lake, located in Washington State, is a naturally occurring saline and alkaline lake. Several organisms inhabiting this lake have been identified as producers of siderophores that are unique in structure. Bacterial isolates, enriched from Soap Lake sediment and water samples, were screened for siderophore production using both the chrome azurol S (CAS) agar plate and liquid methods. Bacterial isolate Halomonas sp. SL01 was found to produce relatively high concentrations of siderophores in liquid medium (up to 40 µM). Siderophores from the isolate were separated from the culture supernatant using solid phase extraction and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Siderophore structure was determined using LC/MS/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC. Two distinct new families of amphiphilic siderophores were produced by isolate SL01. All siderophores ranged in size from 989 to 1096 atomic mass units and consisted of a conserved peptidic head group (per family), which coordinates iron, coupled to fatty acid moieties. The fatty acyl moieties were C10–C14 in length and some with hydroxyl substitutions at the third α position. These siderophores resembled amphiphilic aquachelin siderophores produced by Halomonas aquamarina strain DS40M3, a marine bacterium as well as siderophores from isolate Halomonas sp. SL28 that was found to produce amphiphilic siderophores. Bacteria thriving under saline and alkaline conditions are capable of producing unique siderophores resembling those produced by microbes inhabiting marine environments.
Frequent Set Mining for Streaming Mixed and Large Data

Frequent set mining is a well researched problem due to its application in many areas of data mining such as clustering, classification and association rule mining. Most of the existing work focuses on categorical and batch data and do not scale well for large datasets. In this work, we focus on frequent set mining for mixed data. We introduce a discretization methodology to find meaningful bin boundaries when itemsets contain at least one continuous attribute, an update strategy to keep the frequent items relevant in the event of concept drift, and a parallel algorithm to find these frequent items. Our approach identifies local bins per itemset, as a global discretization may not identify the most meaningful bins. Since the relationships between attributes my change over time, the rules are updated using a weighted average method. Our algorithm fits well in the Hadoop framework, so it can be scaled up for large datasets.
NOTE: PROCEDURE FOR TRAINING JUDGES TO SCORE TAPES OF APHASIC SPEECH

Packman and Ingham (1978) obtained variable reliability among four judges independently scoring the verbal responses of 5 aphasic subjects into seven categories. They pointed out the considerable discrepancy of their findings and the high reliability between two judges (.98) reported in our study (Goodkin, 1968). They justly indicated that our reports did not include details for training judges to score the aphasic speech, an important omission for those who wish to replicate these procedures. Indeed, proven reliability is essential if the response categories are to be useful in clinical research and practice. The training of judges first involved carefully reviewing the definition of each response category and discussing a variety of examples of responses to be assigned to each category. Then, sample tapes of 10 aphasic subjects, with varying levels of expressive and receptive impairment, were listened to by the judge and the experimenter. The tapes consisted of the aphasic's responses to 10 opemended questions (Goodkin, 1968). As the judge tallied each response into one of the categories, the experimenter gave immediate feedback as to whether the response was scored accurately or whether it would fit more appropriately in another category. With more fluent aphasics it was not possible to keep track of all seven response categories simultaneously. In such cases the tapes were played back two or three times and only two or three categories were scored each time. When there were questions, disagreements, or comments during the training period, the tape was stopped, and the issues were discussed. After an hour or two of such training, the judge began independently to evaluate the tapes of aphasics for the purpose of the study. I agree with Packman and Ingham that without feedback on the judging behavior during a training session, agreement in scoring aphasic speech would not necessarily improve over time.
Abstract 4240: The translocator protein 18kDa in the morphogenesis of breast epithelial cells in 3D culture

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18 kDa mitochondrial membrane protein, first identified as a second binding site for benzodiazepine. Elevated levels of TSPO have been associated with breast cancer progression and with increased proliferation in cancer cells whereas TSPO ligands, PK11195 and Ro5-4864, which may serve as TSPO antagonists, inhibit proliferation in multiple cancer cell lines. Whether TSPO actually contributes to breast cancer progression is not known. In this study, the impact of TSPO up-regulation in breast epithelial cells is being assessed using a 3D Matrigel culture system. MCF10A mammary epithelial cells form well-polarized acini structures with a hollow lumen when grown in 3D Matrigel, whereas expression of oncogenes in MCF10A cells often induces phenotypes such as increased acinar size and filling of the lumen. In this study, a pool of stable TSPO expressing breast epithelial MCF-10A cells has been constructed. TSPO overexpressing MCF-10A cells when grown in 3D matrigel formed larger acini compared with control acini; and displayed abnormal lumen formation. Such a disruption of normal mammary epithelial morphogenesis by TSPO may resemble an early stage breast lesion leading to breast cancer. Immunofluorescent staining revealed increased levels of Ki-67 (a proliferative marker) in TSPO overexpressing acini compared with control acini, suggesting that TSPO promoted proliferation during mammary epithelial morphogenesis. TSPO ligands, including PK11195 and RO5-4864, inhibited proliferation of stable TSPO over-expressing MCF-10A cells in 2D plastic culture. Studies on the impact of TSPO ligands on the morphogenesis of MCF10A and breast cancer cells in 3D culture are being conducted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4240. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4240
Importance of potassium and magnesium in nutrition of the guinea pig.

SummaryA normal rate of growth for guinea pigs, comparable with the growth on commercial rations, was obtained when potassium acetate and magnesium oxide were added to a purified basal ration containing all of the known nutrients (except vitamin B12) and 15% gum arable. The best results were obtained with 2.5% potassium acetate and 0.5% magnesium oxide.
Infant Crying and Risk of Hyperactivity and Learning Disorders

Infants with persistent crying (PC) in the first 6 months (mean age 3.8 months) were reassessed at 8 to 10 years of age and compared with 64 classroom controls for hyperactivity, conduct problems and academic difficulties in a prospective study at the University of Hertfordshire, UK.
Presenting the Pauline Voice: An Appreciation of the Letter to the Laodiceans

It is commonly thought that the apocryphal Letter to the Laodiceans was composed by an author who was little more than an editor, piecing together phrases from Pauline texts in a mediocre fashion. Not only does the text seem devoid of conceptual rigour and theological merit, but it is also thought to lack a coherent structure. This essay proposes that, to the contrary of most estimates, the Letter to the Laodiceans exhibits a discernible structural coherence from which a rhetorical strategy is evident.
Ten Funding Myths Demystified

This article addresses 10 common misconceptions about the availability of funding and coverage for speech-generating devices (SGDs). Speech-language pathologists who will be evaluating individuals ...
Absorption and scattering cross-section extinction values of silver nanoparticles

Abstract We determine the extinction values of silver nanoparticles as a function of their diameter for three different wavelengths (405 nm, 532 nm, and 671 nm) from the values of absorbance and their photothermal lens response. We show that for particles of small diameters (
Risk Communication: An Emerging Area of Health Communication Research

(1992). Risk Communication: An Emerging Area of Health Communication Research. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 15, Communication Yearbook 15, pp. 359-373.
Prescriptive and proscriptive moral regulation for autonomous vehicles in approach and avoidance

Ethical frameworks and principles from philosophy have long been used to characterize human behavior. As driving is transitioning from human control to automated control, these ethical frameworks can be used to guide engineering design decisions for autonomous vehicles in a responsible manner. In particular, moral regulation provides two methods for guiding behavior. Proscriptive strategies emphasize rules, transgressions, and forbidding rule violation. Prescriptive strategies encourage achievement of goals. These two principles have been shown to map to human behavior regulation in approach and avoidance. These concepts have a natural parallel to driving strategies, and thus to differing outlooks on programming automated vehicles. In this paper, we apply proscriptive and prescriptive strategies to a model predictive control framework for an automated vehicle. Two scenarios featuring the ego vehicle navigating with obstacles in a roadway are used to elicit the resulting and differing vehicle behavior when either approach is used.
Reinforcing properties of an intermittent, low dose of ketamine in rats: effects of sex and cycle

Rationale Repeated intermittent exposure to ketamine has rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects, but the abuse potential has only been assessed at high doses. Furthermore, while females are more susceptible to depression and more sensitive to ketamine’s antidepressant-like effects, the abuse potential for ketamine in females is unknown.
Inhibitors for prolonging corrosion protection of Mg-rich primer on Al alloy 2024-T3

This research investigated the possibility of adding inhibitors into magnesium-rich primer (MgRP) to prolong the corrosion protection time of MgRP on Al alloy 2024-T3. Three inhibitors: sodium benzoate (SB), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ), were tested and added into MgRPs separately. Potentiodynamic scans on pellet electrodes confirmed that the inhibitors reduced Mg corrosion rate. The coating systems with and without inhibitors were compared through electrochemical tests, hydrogen volume measurement, accelerated weathering tests, and adhesion tests. It was observed that the addition of SB, SDBS, and HQ into MgRPs could prolong cathodic protection time and improved barrier properties of MgRPs, without compromising adhesion strength.
Simultaneous Online Monitoring of Multiple Reactions Using a Miniature Mass Spectrometer

Advances in chemical sampling using miniature mass spectrometer technology are used to monitor slow reactions at a frequency of ca. 180 h–1 (on the Mini 12) with no sample carryover and with inline derivatization in the case of poorly ionizing compounds. Moreover, we demonstrate high reproducibility with a relative error of less than 10% for major components. Monitoring is enabled using a continuous-flow nanoelectrospray (CF-nESI) probe contained in a custom-built 3D-printed rotary holder. The holder position is automatically set using a stepper motor controlled by a microcontroller. Reaction progress of up to six reactions, including hydrazone formation and Katritzky transamination, can be monitored simultaneously without carryover for several hours.
Androgen receptor supports an anchorage-independent, cancer stem cell-like population in triple-negative breast cancer

Preclinical and early clinical trials indicate that up to 50% of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) express androgen receptor (AR) and are potentially responsive to antiandrogens. However, the function of AR in TNBC and the mechanisms by which AR-targeted therapy reduces tumor burden are largely unknown. We hypothesized that AR maintains a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like tumor-initiating population and serves as an antiapoptotic factor, facilitating anchorage independence and metastasis. AR levels increased in TNBC cells grown in forced suspension culture compared with those in attached conditions, and cells that expressed AR resisted detachment-induced apoptosis. Culturing TNBC cells in suspension increased the CSC-like population, an effect reversed by AR inhibition. Pretreatment with enzalutamide (Enza) decreased the tumor-initiating capacity of TNBC cells and reduced tumor volume and viability when administered simultaneously or subsequent to the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel; simultaneous treatment more effectively suppressed tumor recurrence. Overall, our findings suggest that AR-targeted therapies may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy even in TNBCs with low AR expression by targeting a CSC-like cell population with anchorage independence and invasive potential. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3455–66. ©2017 AACR.
"Complex, Dynamic and Unique- A Study of Women Social Entrepreneurs and their Identity"

Women are increasingly contributing to the field of social entrepreneurship, however research has not kept up to pace with this development. Scholars have also argued that issues related to identity are underexplored in social entrepreneurship research (Dacin, Dacin, & Tracey, 2011). Social entrepreneurs’ desire to create change often relates to their identity (Dees, 2001). Thus it is important to study the role of identity in the lives of women social entrepreneurs. The purpose of the study was to incorporate women’s social entrepreneurs’ perspectives with regards to their identity and explore how they make meaning of their identity. The sample included 11 women social entrepreneurs. Using Seidman’ adapted (2006) two-interview approach (for a total of 21 interviews from 11 participants), findings indicate that women social entrepreneurs embrace complexity of their identity. In discussing their roles as women and social entrepreneurs, they reveal relevance of multiple identities in their lives, which they...
Discovery of a widespread prokaryotic 5-oxoprolinase that was hiding in plain sight

5-Oxoproline (OP) is well-known as an enzymatic intermediate in the eukaryotic γ-glutamyl cycle, but it is also an unavoidable damage product formed spontaneously from glutamine and other sources. Eukaryotes metabolize OP via an ATP-dependent 5-oxoprolinase; most prokaryotes lack homologs of this enzyme (and the γ-glutamyl cycle) but are predicted to have some way to dispose of OP if its spontaneous formation in vivo is significant. Comparative analysis of prokaryotic genomes showed that the gene encoding pyroglutamyl peptidase, which removes N-terminal OP residues, clusters in diverse genomes with genes specifying homologs of a fungal lactamase (renamed prokaryotic 5-oxoprolinase A, pxpA) and homologs of allophanate hydrolase subunits (renamed pxpB and pxpC). Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis pxpA, pxpB, or pxpC genes slowed growth, caused OP accumulation in cells and medium, and prevented use of OP as a nitrogen source. Assays of cell lysates showed that ATP-dependent 5-oxoprolinase activity disappeared when pxpA, pxpB, or pxpC was inactivated. 5-Oxoprolinase activity could be reconstituted in vitro by mixing recombinant B. subtilis PxpA, PxpB, and PxpC proteins. In addition, overexpressing Escherichia coli pxpABC genes in E. coli increased 5-oxoprolinase activity in lysates ≥1700-fold. This work shows that OP is a major universal metabolite damage product and that OP disposal systems are common in all domains of life. Furthermore, it illustrates how easily metabolite damage and damage-control systems can be overlooked, even for central metabolites in model organisms.