cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atypical thyroglossal duct cyst: A rare cause for a solitary cold thyroid nodule in childhood

A case of an atypical thyroglossal duct cyst is described in a 9-year-old boy who presented with a lateral neck mass that was hypofunctioning on thyroid scan and clinically indistinguishable from a thyroid nodule. Preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy results demonstrating abundant, normal appearing squamous epithelial cells and keratinaceous material was suggestive of the diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis was made only after complete mobilization of the left lobe of the thyroid gland and cyst resection. A standard Sistrunk procedure was performed, and cyst excision was accomplished without resection of the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Microscopic examination disclosed a keratinizing pseudostratified squamous epithelium that has not been previously reported with thyroglossal duct cysts.
Influences of season and artificial photoperiod on stallions: testicular size, seminal characteristics and sexual behavior.

To investigate the influence of daylength on the seasonal reproductive cycle of stallions, 21 stallions were assigned to one of three treatments: control, ambient (natural) photoperiod; S-L, 8 h light and 16 h dark (8:16) for 20 wk beginning July 16, 1982 then 16:8 from December 2, 1982 until March 5, 1984; S-S, 8:16 from July 16, 1982 until March 1984. Temperature was not controlled and was similar for all groups. Total scrotal width (TSW) was measured every 4 wk throughout the experiment. During 10 periods, semen was collected and evaluated every other day for 3 wk and sexual behavior was assessed. The S-L stallions exposed to 16 h light in December had twice as much sperm output in February than in November. Within the February collection period, the sperm output for S-L stallions was greater (P less than .05) than that for either control of S-S stallions. The stimulatory effect of the S-L photoperiod also resulted in larger (P less than .05) testes and decreased (P less than .05) time to ejaculation for S-L stallions in February as compared with either controls or S-S stallions. Despite continued exposure to a 16:8 photoperiod, TSW and sperm output for S-L stallions eventually declined; presumably a consequence of photorefractoriness. The S-S stallions had seasonal cycles coincident with those for control stallions. Based on a sine wave model for TSW and sperm output, stallions in all three groups displayed significant seasonal cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Airborne Methane Plume Spectrometer (AMPS): Quantitative imaging of methane plumes in real time

The Airborne Methane Plume Spectrometer (AMPS) is a mature instrument concept that is ready for development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). At its core is a novel high-resolution imaging spectrometer that records solar reflected light between 1.99 and 2.42 pm at 1 nm resolution, including strong methane (CH4) bands in the short-wave infrared. The push-broom spectrometer will leverage recent advancements in grating design and large-format 2D focal plane arrays to enable — for the first time — the high spectral resolution necessary for trace gas retrievals combined with high-performance imaging capabilities developed for surface remote sensing. AMPS features a 36° field of view with 600 resolved spatial elements across track (1 mRad) and 431 pixels in the spectral dimension. All other aspects of the instrument, such as the telescope, cryo-cooler, image stabilizer, GPS, are identical to available airborne JPL spectrometers in operation. The AMPS design is based on the next generation Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG), which has been used for high resolution mapping of CH4 concentrations from a controlled release experiment [1] and over existing natural gas fields [2]. A real time CH4 plume detection capability originally developed for AVIRIS-NG and successfully demonstrated over oil fields [3] will also be implemented with AMPS. This will facilitate surveys over existing oil and gas fields to identify and attribute CH4 emissions to individual point source locations, permit adaptive surveys with repeat imaging of suspected sources, and allow real time communication to site operators or ground crews equipped with additional instruments to verify observed plumes. AMPS will enable quantitative imaging of CH4 plumes at unprecedented spatial resolution and precision. Using a slow moving platform such as a helicopter at 100 m flight altitude (60 m image swath) will permit imaging CH4 enhancements at 10 cm spatial resolution and an unprecedented accuracy of 0.05 g CH4/m2. This will allow robust detection of CH4 emissions as low as 0.17 m3/h (6 standard cubic feet per hour), an order of magnitude smaller than what current airborne systems can detect. Using fixed-wing aircraft, AMPS can also be flown faster and higher (1 to 8 km flight altitude), thereby providing larger image swaths (0.6 to 4.8 km swaths respectively) and effective large scale surveys. Mapping CH4 emissions to individual point source locations could allow site operators to identify and mitigate these emissions, which reflect both a potential safety hazard and lost revenue. For the regulatory and scientific communities, understanding the distribution (spatial, temporal) and size of these emissions is of interest given the large uncertainties associated with anthropogenic emissions, including industrial point source emissions and fugitive CH4 from oil and gas infrastructure.
The NLRB Expands the Liberal Workplace Constitution

“To fulfill the constitutional guarantees against racial discrimination” Howard Jenkins On May 24, 1968, NLRB member Howard Jenkins strolled with President Lyndon Johnson through the White House Rose Garden. A personal meeting with the president was a rare honor. Decades later, Jenkins recalled the president’s praise for Jenkins’s 1964 Hughes Tool opinion, issued on the same day Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law. Hughes Tool decertified a racially segregated union and, for the first time, found discrimination to be an unfair labor practice. Equally important, Jenkins had argued that the Constitution required this outcome. As they walked among the spring blooms, Jenkins assured the president that “if the Board had faced up [earlier] to its obligation to properly interpret the Constitution” and the National Labor Relations Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act would have been unnecessary. In Jenkins’s opinion, the NLRA held even more promise than Title VII, although he did not share this with the president. Commentators agreed with Jenkins that the NLRB might be superior to Title VII. One author lauded the board’s well-established administrative machinery, experienced staff, and swifter, more economical approach. The Board had “sharper enforcement teeth than Congress has provided minority workers in recent civil-rights legislation,” another observed. The NLRB’s general counsel provided free legal services and the Board, unlike the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, held public hearings, all of which could draw complaints away from the EEOC, he predicted. Indeed, African Americans were reportedly “claim[ing that] their demands for equal job opportunities have been frustrated under both the law [Title VII] and agency [EEOC] specifically created by Congress to deal with race bias.” One government official even predicted that the Board “could put the [EEOC] ... out of business.”
Eigenvector metabolite analysis reveals dietary effects on the association among metabolite correlation patterns, gene expression, and phenotypes

‘Multi-omics’ datasets obtained from an organism of interest reared under different environmental treatments are increasingly common. Identifying the links among metabolites and transcripts can help to elucidate our understanding of the impact of environment at different levels within the organism. However, many methods for characterizing physiological connections cannot address unidentified metabolites. Here, we use Eigenvector Metabolite Analysis (EvMA) to examine links between metabolomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic variation data and to assess the impact of environmental factors on these associations. Unlike other methods, EvMA can be used to analyze datasets that include unidentified metabolites and unannotated transcripts. To demonstrate the utility of EvMA, we analyzed metabolomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic datasets produced from 20 Drosophila melanogaster genotypes reared on four dietary treatments. We used a hierarchical distance-based method to cluster the metabolites. The links between metabolite clusters, gene expression, and overt phenotypes were characterized using the eigenmetabolite (first principal component) of each cluster. EvMA recovered chemically related groups of metabolites within the clusters. Using the eigenmetabolite, we identified genes and phenotypes that significantly correlated with each cluster. EvMA identifies new connections between the phenotypes, metabolites, and gene transcripts. EvMA provides a simple method to identify correlations between metabolites, gene expression, and phenotypes, which can allow us to partition multivariate datasets into meaningful biological modules and identify under-studied metabolites and unannotated gene transcripts that may be central to important biological processes. This can be used to inform our understanding of the effect of environmental mechanisms underlying physiological states of interest.
Improving the Effectiveness of Ecological Site Descriptions: General State-and-Transition Models and the Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool (EDIT)

On the Ground State-and-transition models (STMs) are useful tools for management, but they can be difficult to use and have limited content. STMs created for groups of related ecological sites could simplify and improve their utility. The amount of information linked to models can be increased using tables that communicate management interpretations and important within-group variability. We created a new web-based information system (the Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool) to house STMs, associated tabular information, and other ecological site data and descriptors. Fewer, more informative, better organized, and easily accessible STMs should increase the accessibility of science information.
Polarization Observables in Photo- and Electro-Production

This talk is focused on the general nature of polarization observables in studies of photo- and electro-production.
Nano-Photonic Structures for Light Trapping in Ultra-Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells.

Thick wafer-silicon is the dominant solar cell technology. It is of great interest to develop ultra-thin solar cells that can reduce materials usage, but still achieve acceptable performance and high solar absorption. Accordingly, we developed a highly absorbing ultra-thin crystalline Si based solar cell architecture using periodically patterned front and rear dielectric nanocone arrays which provide enhanced light trapping. The rear nanocones are embedded in a silver back reflector. In contrast to previous approaches, we utilize dielectric photonic crystals with a completely flat silicon absorber layer, providing expected high electronic quality and low carrier recombination. This architecture creates a dense mesh of wave-guided modes at near-infrared wavelengths in the absorber layer, generating enhanced absorption. For thin silicon ( 100 μm) cells. There is potential for 20 μm thick cells to provide 30 mA/cm2 photo-current and >20% efficiency. This architecture has great promise for ultra-thin silicon solar panels with reduced material utilization and enhanced light-trapping.
David Oliver: Is the ward round dead?

Has the ward round had its day? I recently enjoyed an animated conversation on Twitter with some junior doctors who had posed this question.1 My intuitive response? Absolutely not. Seeing and talking with each of our patients, reviewing their progress, treatment, and investigations, and planning their ongoing care or discharge, is what inpatient hospital doctors do. It’s often accompanied by a multidisciplinary team discussion of all patients—perhaps a better use of non-medical staff time than traipsing after a medical entourage. This all sounded like a ward round to me, so what was the problem? Besides, earlier in …
Hypervelocity Impact on Pumice: Scale Effects on Experiments and Simulations

Abstract Hypervelocity tests with aluminum spheres of 1 and 1.75 inch (2.54 and 4.45 cm)-diameter impacting pumice boulders at 2.1 km/s have been performed at Southwest Research Institute. The results and analysis of the impacts are the main objective of a companion paper, while this work focuses on finding the material properties of the pumice and the computer simulations of the impact. The pumice material was tested in compression both unconfined and confined. The crush-up curve was implemented in a foam model in CTH and in the Holmquist-Johnson concrete model in EPIC. Results of the simulations like depth of penetration, crater diameter, and momentum enhancement are compared with the tests. It is found that these simple models provide reasonable results for crater depth and diameter but more work needs to be performed to properly predict the momentum enhancement, i.e. the ejecta from the pumice target.
Multimodal Imaging of Pathologic Response to Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer.

PURPOSE To examine the value of early changes in quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for discriminating complete pathologic response (pCR) to chemoradiation in esophageal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty esophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation followed by surgery were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and FDG-PET/CT scans at baseline, interim (2 weeks after chemoradiation start), and first follow-up. On the basis of pathologic findings at surgery, patients were categorized into tumor regression groups (TRG1, TRG2, and TRG3+). Distributions of summary statistics in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and FDG-PET at baseline and relative changes at interim and follow-up scans were compared between pCR/TRG1 and non-pCR/TRG2+ groups and across readers. Receiver operating characteristics were evaluated for summary measures to characterize discrimination of pCR from non-pCR. RESULTS Relative changes in tumor volume ADC (ΔADC) mean and 25th and 10th percentiles from baseline to interim were able to completely discriminate (area under the curve = 1, P < .0011) between pCR and non-pCR (thresholds = 27.7%, 29.2%, and 32.1%, respectively) and were found to have high interreader reliability (95% limits of agreement of 1.001, 0.944, and 0.940, respectively). Relative change in total lesion glycolysis (TLG) from baseline to interim was significantly different among pCR and non-pCR groups (P=.0117) and yielded an area under the curve of 0.947 (95% confidence interval 0.8505-1.043). An optimal threshold of 59% decrease in TLG provided optimal sensitivity (specificity) of 1.000 (0.867). Changes in ADC summary measures were negatively correlated with that of TLG (Spearman, -0.495, P=.027). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative volume ΔADC and TLG during treatment may serve as early imaging biomarkers for discriminating pathologic response to chemoradiation in esophageal cancer. Validation of these data in larger, prospective, multicenter studies is essential.
A method for quantifying vowel change directionality

Vowels are a common variable used in studies on phonetic accommodation and imitation. The standard practice for measuring changes in vowels provides an absolute value of the distance between a baseline vowel production and a target relative to the distance between shifted/imitated vowels and that same target. While distance alone is useful, a vector based approach would form a more complete picture as capturing distance alone can mask phenomena such as exaggeration. Vowels are a two-dimensional variable; thus, a directionality measure for changes in vowels relative to some target is crucial for fully capturing phenomena in imitation. Proposed is a trigonometric approach to quantifying the directionality of vowel changes. While this method was created to aid in studies on phonetic imitation, it is also potentially useful for any work involving vowel change with a known acoustic target.
Gender in Sport and Exercise Psychology

In this chapter, gender psychology meets sport and exercise psychology. For many readers, this is a first meeting, and an introduction is in order. Sport and exercise psychology is located in a much different context than most of the other psychology areas covered in this handbook. Although academic and clinical psychologists have engaged in sport and exercise psychology research or consulted with athletes and exercisers, for the most part, sport and exercise psychology faculty, courses, graduate programs, and research activities are found in departments of kinesiology or exercise and sport science.
Context-sensitive pointer analysis using binary decision diagrams

This thesis shows that whole-program context-sensitive inclusion-based pointer analysis, a previously intractable problem, can be efficiently solved using binary decision diagrams. In addition, we show that it is possible to automatically translate from a high-level analysis specification written in Datalog into an efficient implementation using binary decision diagrams. We present the first scalable context-sensitive, inclusion-based pointer analysis for Java programs. Our approach to context sensitivity is to create a clone of a method for every context of interest, and run a context-insensitive algorithm over the expanded call graph to get context-sensitive results. For precision, we generate a clone for every acyclic path through a program's call graph, treating methods in a strongly connected component as a single node. Normally, this formulation is hopelessly intractable as a call graph often has 1014 acyclic paths or more. We show that these exponential relations can be computed efficiently using BDDs. We also describe bddbddb, a BDD-Based Deductive DataBase, which implements the declarative language Datalog with stratified negation, totally-ordered finite domains and comparison operators. bddbddb uses binary decision diagrams (BDDs) to efficiently represent large relations. BDD operations take time proportional to the size of the data structure, not the number of tuples in a relation, which leads to fast execution times. bddbddb is an effective tool for implementing a large class of program analyses. We show that a context-insensitive pointer analysis implemented with bddbddb is about twice as fast as a carefully hand-tuned version.
The Identification and Development of Giftedness as a Paradigm for School Reform.

Based on ideas advocated by Paul F-Brandwein's The Gifted Student as Future Scientist, this article summarizes theories of intelligence leading to his theory of the three-ring conception of giftedness and how that theory led to the development of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model. The Schoolwide Enrichment Model provides a detailed model for total school improvement that can be customized based on the local resources, student population, school leadership dynamics, and faculty strengths and creativity of each particular school. The model consists of three service delivery components: The Total Talent Portfolio, Curriculum Modification Techniques, and Enrichment Learning and Teaching, which are brought to bear on three school structures: The Regular Curriculum, Enrichment Clusters, and the Continuum of Special Services. Implementation of this model provides a organizational framework for schools to become places for talent development.
Evaluating test-suite reduction in real software evolution

Test-suite reduction (TSR) speeds up regression testing by removing redundant tests from the test suite, thus running fewer tests in the future builds. To decide whether to use TSR or not, a developer needs some way to predict how well the reduced test suite will detect real faults in the future compared to the original test suite. Prior research evaluated the cost of TSR using only program versions with seeded faults, but such evaluations do not explicitly predict the effectiveness of the reduced test suite in future builds. We perform the first extensive study of TSR using real test failures in (failed) builds that occurred for real code changes. We analyze 1478 failed builds from 32 GitHub projects that run their tests on Travis. Each failed build can have multiple faults, so we propose a family of mappings from test failures to faults. We use these mappings to compute Failed-Build Detection Loss (FBDL), the percentage of failed builds where the reduced test suite misses to detect all the faults detected by the original test suite. We find that FBDL can be up to 52.2%, which is higher than suggested by traditional TSR metrics. Moreover, traditional TSR metrics are not good predictors of FBDL, making it difficult for developers to decide whether to use reduced test suites.
Absence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with increased mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Background Electrocardiographic (ECG) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with increased mortality in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) and hypertension. However, patients with symptomatic AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have higher percentages of myocardial fibrosis or amyloidosis that have been associated with decreased ECG voltage and worse outcomes. Hypothesis We tested the hypothesis that baseline ECG LVH is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality after TAVR. Methods A total of 231 patients (96 men; mean age 84.7 ± 7.8 years) that underwent TAVR at our institution were included. Cornell voltage, defined as SV3 + RaVL, was used to assess for presence of ECG LVH using gender-specific cut-off values. We used the Kaplan-Meier estimator to derive survival curves. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to compare mortality between patients without vs with ECG LVH and adjust for echocardiographic LVH and predictors of mortality in this cohort. Results Over a follow-up time of 16.3 ± 10.4 months, the absence of ECG LVH was significantly associated with increased mortality (40.4% vs 23.6% at 2-years, log rank P = 0.003). After adjusting for echocardiographic LVH and predictors of mortality in our cohort, the absence of ECG LVH remained a predictor of increased mortality (HR = 1.79, CI 95% 1.02-3.14, P = 0.042). Conclusions The absence of ECG LVH was independently associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing TAVR. Baseline ECG may have an important prognostic role in these patients and could lead to further testing to evaluate for myocardial fibrosis or amyloidosis.
Markerless Closed-Loop Projection Plane Tracking for Mobile Projector-Camera Systems

The recent trend towards miniaturization of mobile projectors is allowing new forms of information presentation and interaction. Projectors can easily be moved freely in space either by humans or by mobile robots. This paper presents a technique to dynamically track the orientation and position of the projection plane only by analyzing the distortion of the projection by itself, independent of the presented content. It allows distortion-free projection with a fixed metric size for moving projector-camera systems. To do this, an optical flow-based model is extended to the geometry of a projector-camera unit. Solving an overdetermined system of equations on pixel level leads to the pose offset between two images. In order to reach a high invariance to illumination changes we use adaptive edge images. Image pyramids allow a fast pose estimation. Because of the global optimization, there is no dependence of the availability of local feature points.
Directional multiscale representations and applications in digital neuron reconstruction

Abstract Recent advances in the field of multiscale representations have spurred the emergence of a new generation of powerful techniques for the efficient analysis of images and other multidimensional data. These novel techniques enable the quantification of essential geometric characteristics in complex imaging data resulting in improved algorithms for image restoration, feature extraction and classification. We discuss the application of these ideas in neuroscience imaging and describe a novel method for the accurate and efficient identification of cellular bodies of neurons in multicellular images. This method is instrumental to the design of a novel algorithm for neuronal tracing.
Architecting data placement in SSDs for efficient secure deletion implementation

Secure deletion ensures user privacy by permanently removing invalid data from the secondary storage. This process is particularly critical to solid state drives (SSDs) wherein invalid data are generated not only upon deleting a file but also upon updating a file of which the user is not aware. While previous secure deletion schemes are usually applied to all invalid data on the SSD, our observation is that in many cases security is not required for all files on the SSD. This paper proposes an efficient secure deletion scheme targeting only the invalid data of files marked as "secure" by the user. A security-aware data allocation strategy is designed, which separates secure and unsecure data at lower (block) level but mixes them at higher levels of SSD hierarchical organization. Block-level separation minimizes secure deletion cost, while higher-level mixing mitigates the adverse impact of secure deletion on SSD lifetime. A two-level block management scheme is further developed to scatter secure blocks over the SSD for wear leveling. Experiments on real-world benchmarks confirm the advantage of the proposed scheme in reducing secure deletion cost and improving SSD lifetime.
HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN

This article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities. The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it. The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs.Early Chinese writers of history—like diviners—strove to explain the past in order to predict the future. Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future.
Evaluation of a survivorship needs assessment planning tool for head and neck cancer survivor-caregiver dyads

The objectives of this study were to test the acceptability and feasibility of a survivorship needs assessment planning (SNAP) tool for head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors and caregivers, evaluate short-term changes in psychosocial outcomes after completing the SNAP session, and develop strategies for system refinement. We used a prospective one-group design and mixed methods with HNC survivors and caregivers (N = 25 dyads). Participants completed baseline and 6-week surveys before and after completing a SNAP clinic visit to assess psychosocial outcomes and acceptability. Intervention sessions included tablet-based needs assessments driving tailored care plans. Dyads’ open-ended feedback and clinician interviews (N = 12) evaluated acceptability and feasibility. SNAP data collection time burden and technology challenges were minimal, and care plans included messages (M = 19), educational materials (M = 13), and referrals (M = 4.5; 86% behavioral medicine, 77% nutrition, 65% physical therapy). Participants reported high satisfaction with the session and care plan, highlighting the key strengths of pulling complex medical information together and the focus on caregiver well-being, with multiple suggestions to facilitate clinic workflow. Depression and unmet needs decreased and survivorship knowledge increased significantly in survivors and caregivers (p < .05) over the 6-week period. The SNAP tool is an innovative technology-based survivor-centered strategy to assess and manage needs in HNC survivors and caregivers. Results support its acceptability and ability to address dyads’ needs; the tool merits further testing in a clinical trial. Technology-enabled care planning may be a productive way to assess and address HNC dyads’ dynamic needs after treatment.
The Persistence of Oral Health Disparities for African American Children: A Scoping Review

Oral health is an important yet often neglected component of overall health, linked to heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Disparities exist for many groups, including racial and ethnic minorities such as African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential factors that perpetuate oral health care disparities in African American children in the United States. A systematic search of three literature databases produced 795 articles; 23 articles were included in the final review. Articles were analyzed using a template coding approach based on the social ecological model. The review identified structural, sociocultural, and familial factors that impact the ability of African Americans to utilize oral care services, highlighting the importance of the parent/caregiver role and the patient–provider relationship; policy-level processes that impact access to quality care; the value of autonomy in treatment and prevention options; and the impact of sociocultural factors on food choices (e.g., food deserts, gestures of affection). In conclusion, oral health care remains an underutilized service by African American children, despite increasing access to oral care secondary to improvements in insurance coverage and community-based programs.
Unintended Labor Supply Effects of Cash Transfer Programs: New Evidence from South Africa’s Pension

Using South Africaâ€™s first nationally representative panel data set, I find that the presence of pension recipients in the household reduces the probability of employment of both previously employed and unemployed prime-aged adults. Exploiting institutional features of the disability grant to isolate the pensionâ€™s income effect suggests that the effects operate through the income mechanism. By contrast, there is no evidence that pensioners enable household members to work by providing childcare as concluded by previous studies.
Women’s Right to Drive: Spillover of Brokers, Mobilization, and Cyberactivism

The advent of modern forms of information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as social media, have modified the ways people communicate, connect, and diffuse information. Social media has played an unprecedented role in coordinating and mobilization of social movements. Further, cross-influence among social movements has been observed during the 2011 Arab Spring, ongoing Saudi Women’s movements against inequitable gender laws, and other social movements. Moreover, this has been a topic of research in the social movement spillover literature, where resource sharing, spillover of activists, supporters, and coalitions within social movements have been the focus of these studies. However, much of the work published in this area dates back to the 1960s. It is crucial to re-evaluate traditional theories of spillover in the modern ICT landscape. The evolution of Internet-driven collective actions triggered the examination and discovery of some essential factors of spillover remaining theoretically underdeveloped and call for innovative fundamental research that can provide observations in reconceptualizing spillover effects in online environments. In this research, we examine three campaigns during 2013 of the ongoing women’s right to drive movement, namely the ‘October 26 Driving Campaign’, the ‘November 31 Driving Campaign’, and the ‘December 28 Driving Campaign’. By analyzing the Twitter data on the networks of the three campaigns, we identify the factors that help us study spillover between the campaigns. We aim to assess social movement spillover effects by identifying – (1) common activists and supporters, (2) the inter-campaign brokers/coalitions, and (3) the diffusion of hashtags and other resources. We envision the findings of this study to shed insights on information diffusion and mutual influence across movements and provide a deeper understanding of interconnected social movements.
Two-Dimensional Tomography from Noisy Projection Tilt Series Taken at Unknown View Angles with Non-Uniform Distributi

We consider a problem that recovers a 2-D object and the underlying view angle distribution from its noisy projection tilt series taken at unknown view angles. Traditional approaches rely on the estimation of the view angles of the projections, which do not scale well with the sample size and are sensitive to noise. We introduce a new approach using the moment features to simultaneously recover the underlying object and the distribution of view angles. This problem is formulated as constrained nonlinear least squares in terms of the truncated Fourier-Bessel expansion coefficients of the object and is solved by a new alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based algorithm. Our numerical experiments show that the new approach outperforms the expectation maximization (EM)-based maximum marginalized likelihood estimation in efficiency and accuracy. Furthermore, the hybrid method that uses EM to refine ADMM solution achieves the best performance.
The Impact of a Large Bolus Dose of l-leucine and l-isoleucine on Enteroendocrine and Pancreatic Hormones, and Glycemia in Healthy, Inactive Adults

Background: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion. It is unknown if L-isoleucine (Ile) and L-leucine (Leu) have this same effect. The purpose of this study was to examine how Ile and Leu influence both GLP-1 and GIP, subsequent pancreatic hormones, and glycemia in healthy, inactive adults. Methods: Twelve adults (6F/6M; age 27.4 ± 2 years; BMI 26.3 ± 2 kg/m2; lean body mass 53.2 ± 5 kg; body fat 34.1 ± 3%) completed four conditions in a randomized, cross-over fashion. Treatments standardized (0.3 g/kg·LBM−1) (1) Leu, (2) Ile, (3) Equal (1:1 g) of Leu + Ile, and (4) placebo (Pla, 3.5 g inert stevia) ingested 30 min prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, GIPTotal, and GLP-1Active were assessed. Results: A treatment (p = 0.01) effect comparing Ile vs. Leu (p = 0.02) in GIPTotal. Area under the curve showed an increase in GIPTotal from Ile compared to Leu and Pla (p = 0.03). No effect was found on GLP-1. The ingestion of Ile prior to CHO augmented GIP concentration greater than Leu or Pla. No correlation was found between GIP, insulin, and glucose between conditions. Conclusions: Ile impacts GIP concentration, which did not relate to either insulin or glucose concentrations. Neither Ile, nor Leu seem to have an effect on hyperglycemia ingested prior to a CHO drink.
Finding Refuge in Exile: Education as Movement.

ABSTRACTThe difficulty of education for refugees does not vitiate against possibilities that speak to a life of precarity. This commentary for the themed issue interprets refugee education through ...
The intersection of school context and teachers’ data use practice: Implications for an integrated approach to capacity building

Abstract The current emphasis on data is a powerful force behind educational reform strategies. Administrators and teachers are inundated with data and increased expectations for data-driven practices in an effort to drive school reform. This mixed method study examined teachers’ experiences in a pilot professional development program to enhance data literacy and data use practices among nine grade-level elementary and middle school teacher teams in a single school district. Pre, post and follow-up surveys of the 28 teacher participants revealed promising outcomes of the professional development program. Significant increases in teachers’ reported data literacy, efficacy, and collaboration were evident. The study also examined school-level factors that supported data use practices and data cultures. Interviews with 15 school principals revealed how structural features such as district requirements, school expectations, and established policies and routines influenced teachers’ data use practice. Structural factors facilitating collaboration were associated with instructional goals and improvement cultures.
Phenotypic Variation of Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) from Mississippi Persists in a Common Garden

Intraspecific phenotypic variation occurs for many different reasons and understanding its basis has applications in taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. Chamaecrista fasciculata (partridge pea) is a widely distributed species with much phenotypic variation and varied interactions with other species in communities where it grows. Botanists have often noted that phenotypic variation in some traits of this species increases from north to south in the eastern United States. In this study, we grew seeds collected from five Mississippi populations in a common greenhouse environment to determine if the observed variation in leaf and stem traits is maintained in this environment. Interpopulation variation in the greenhouse-grown plants was not as extensive as that observed under natural conditions, but significant differences were detected in the number of stems and leaves and shoot height. The number of flowers and final shoot weight of plants did not differ, suggesting that there may be multiple growth strategies for this species to achieve equal fitness. Variation was detected in stem and leaflet trichome density. The population collected at the lowest latitude showed the most distinct morphology, producing shorter plants with many branched stems, more leaves, and a higher degree of leaflet pubescence. Trait variation that has so often been observed in natural populations of this species is maintained in a common environment, suggesting a genetic basis for the observed variation. Phenotypic variation observed in this species may reflect both responses to varied selective pressures from interacting species and adaptation to differing climatic factors.
Intestinal Epithelial Expression of MHCII Determines Severity of Chemical, T-Cell-Induced, and Infectious Colitis in Mice.

Background & Aims Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide a barrier that separates the mucosal immune system from the luminal microbiota. IECs constitutively express low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins, which are upregulated upon exposure to interferon gamma. We investigated the effects of deleting MHCII proteins specifically in mice with infectious, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)–, and T-cell–induced colitis. Methods We disrupted the histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 gene (H2-Ab1) in IECs of C57BL/6 mice (I-AbΔIEC) or Rag1–/– mice (Rag1–/–I-AbΔIEC); we used I-AbWT mice as controls. Colitis was induced by administration of DSS, transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi T cells, or infection with Citrobacter rodentium. Colon tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, immunofluorescence, xMAP, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and organoids were generated. Microbiota (total and immunoglobulin [Ig]A-coated) in intestinal samples were analyzed by16S amplicon profiling. IgA+CD138+ plasma cells from Peyer's patches and lamina propria were analyzed by flow cytometry and IgA repertoire was determined by next-generation sequencing. Results Mice with IEC-specific loss of MHCII (I-AbΔIEC mice) developed less severe DSS- or T-cell transfer-induced colitis than control mice. Intestinal tissues from I-AbΔIEC mice had a lower proportion of IgA-coated bacteria compared with control mice, and a reduced luminal concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA) following infection with C rodentium. There was no significant difference in the mucosal IgA repertoire of I-AbΔIEC vs control mice, but opsonization of cultured C rodentium by SIgA isolated from I-AbΔIEC mice was 50% lower than that of SIgA from mAbWT mice. Fifty percent of I-AbΔIEC mice died after infection with C rodentium, compared with none of the control mice. We observed a transient but significant expansion of the pathogen in the feces of I-AbΔIEC mice compared with I-AbWT mice. Conclusions In mice with DSS or T-cell–induced colitis, loss of MHCII from IECs reduces but does not eliminate mucosal inflammation. However, in mice with C rodentium–induced colitis, loss of MHCII reduces bacterial clearance by decreasing binding of IgA to commensal and pathogenic bacteria.
The Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart

Cardiometabolic risk is increasing in prevalence, requiring a systematic approach to the problem. The Lifestyle Medicine Center is an essential part of efforts to address traditional and residual risk factors. The Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart is modeled after concepts from Lifestyle Medicine: A Manual for Clinical Practice, published in 2016, and is implemented by offering an integrated and comprehensive health program, focused on preventive cardiology. Core features of this type of Lifestyle Medicine Center include a high-touch/high-tech immersive environment, multidisciplinary teams, an emphasis on cardiometabolic risk mitigation, and durable follow-up. Key programs within this Lifestyle Medicine Clinical Service Line include cardiology, endocrinology, nutrition, exercise physiology, and diabetes technology. Specific resources include a licensed Cardiac Rehabilitation program, medical fitness gym, and dedicated registered dietitian clinical practice. The main objective for the Center is to improve health in all patients anywhere on the spectrum from wellness to illness and achieve (with all programs aggregated) at least revenue neutrality. This includes improved hard metrics (weight loss, hemoglobin A1c, LDL-cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, etc.), reduced symptom burden, and happiness. Medical education and community engagement are other priorities. Challenges are primarily related to scalability in terms of physical space, staffing, and economics. Lifestyle Medicine Centers are the future of preventive care, especially in cardiology and endocrinology, as they can actualize integrated and holistic approaches that reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
Abstract 15034: Exposure to Secondhand Smoke is Associated With Increased Left Ventricular Mass

Background: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), or passive smoking, has been associated with chronic hypertension. However, little is known about the relationship between SHS and left ventricular (...
Barriers to Conservative Management Conversations: Perceptions of Nephrologists and Fellows-in-Training

Background: Not all treatments are appropriate for all individuals with kidney failure (KF). Studies suggest that conversations surrounding end-of-life decisions occur too late or not at all. Objec...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Central Executive Network Moderates the Relationship Between Neighborhood Violence and Proinflammatory Phenotype in Children.

Abstract Background Neighborhood violence increases children’s risk for a variety of health problems. Yet, little is known about biological pathways involved or neural mechanisms that might render children more or less vulnerable. Here, we address these questions by considering whether neighborhood violence is associated with the expression of a proinflammatory phenotype and whether this relationship is moderated by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the central executive network (CEN). Methods The study involved 217 children (13.9 years old; 66.4% female; 36.9% Black; 30.9% Latinx), enrolled in eighth grade and reassessed 2 years later. At time 1, geocoding was used to estimate murder frequency in children’s neighborhoods, and functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterize CEN rsFC. At both visits, children gave antecubital blood for ex vivo studies, where leukocytes were incubated with stimulators and inhibitors of inflammation, and cytokine production was measured. Results Consistent with our hypotheses, the relationship between neighborhood murder and inflammatory activity was moderated by CEN rsFC. Among children with lower rsFC, neighborhood violence covaried with a proinflammatory phenotype, reflected in larger cytokine responses to triggering stimuli and lower sensitivity to inhibitory agents. These associations were generally not apparent for children with higher rsFC, although occasionally they ran in the opposite direction. The same patterns were apparent 2 years later. Conclusions These results advance the understanding of neighborhood violence and its relationship with processes involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. They also deepen understanding of variability in children’s immunologic responses to stress and suggest that the CEN may be a neurobiological contributor to resilience.
The Lakota Nation’s Search for Independence: The Nation of Lakota Versus the State of “the United States of America” and the Constitutional Amendments for National Liberation

This chapter focuses on recent actions of the Nation of Lakota in North America, which has declared independence and attempted to secede from the U.S. The legal strategies of the Lakota Nation are explored, including their critical examinations of the 1851 and 1868 Fort Laramie treaties; the 1803 Louisiana Purchase Treaty (LPT); the 1960 U.N. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples; the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT); and the 2007 U.N. Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The chapter also explores legal strategies used by other nations to create their own emancipatory constitutions to assert their sovereignty, including the Nation of Inuit in Nunavut, Canada; Ho-Chunk Nation in Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Iowa in the U.S.; West Papua in Indonesia; Iraqi Kurdistan in northern Iraq; and Catalonia in northern Spain, among others.
Combining Accelerometer and GPS Features to Evaluate Community Mobility in Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses (KAFO) Users

Orthotic and assistive devices such as knee ankle foot orthoses (KAFO), come in a variety of forms and fits, with several levels of available features that could help users perform daily activities more naturally. However, objective data on the actual use of these devices outside of the research lab is usually not obtained. Such data could enhance traditional lab-based outcome measures and inform clinical decision-making when prescribing new orthotic and assistive technology. Here, we link data from a GPS unit and an accelerometer mounted on the orthotic device to quantify its usage in the community and examine the correlations with clinical metrics. We collected data from 14 individuals over a period of 2 months as they used their personal KAFO first, and then a novel research KAFO; for each device we quantified number of steps, cadence, time spent at community locations and time wearing the KAFO at those locations. Sensor-derived metrics showed that mobility patterns differed widely between participants (mean steps: 591.3, SD =704.2). The novel KAFO generally enabled participants to walk faster during clinical tests ( $\Delta 6$ Minute-Walk-Test=71.5m, p=0.006). However, some participants wore the novel device less often despite improved performance on these clinical measures, leading to poor correlation between changes in clinical outcome measures and changes in community mobility ( $\Delta 6$ Minute-Walk-Test – $\Delta $ Community Steps: r=0.09, p=0.76). Our results suggest that some traditional clinical outcome measures may not be associated with the actual wear time of an assistive device in the community, and obtaining personalized data from real-world use through wearable technology is valuable.