cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphometric analysis of lateral ventricles in schizophrenia and healthy controls regarding genetic and disease-specific factors

The structural variability of lateral ventricles is poorly understood notwithstanding that enlarged size has been identified as an unspecific marker for psychiatric illness, including schizophrenia. This paper explores the effects of heritability and genetic risk for schizophrenia reflected in ventricular size and structure. We examined ventricular size and shape in the MRI studies of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia (DS), healthy MZ twin pairs, healthy dizygotic twin pairs, and healthy nonrelated subject pairs. Heritability and effect due to disease were analyzed in two tests. First, heritability was examined by ventricle similarity between pairs of co-twins. Results show that co-twin ventricle shape similarity decreases with decreasing genetic identity, an effect not seen in the volume analysis. Co-twin shape similarity of healthy MZ twins did not differ from DS MZ twins. Second, the disease effect was examined through the ventricular differences of DS subjects to a template shape representing healthy subjects. Affected DS twins showed shape differences from healthy subjects on the left and right sides. Interestingly, unaffected DS twins also showed significant shape differences from healthy subjects for both sides. Volume comparisons did not show differences between these groups. Locality of shape difference suggests that the ventricular shape of the anterior and posterior regions is under genetic influence in both healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Affected and unaffected groups demonstrate main shape differences, compared with healthy controls, only in the posterior region. Our results suggest that genetics have a stronger influence on the shape of lateral ventricles than do the disease-related changes in schizophrenia.
Is growth hormone the pituitary feminizing factor mediating the actions of estradiol on hepatic drug and steroid metabolism

Previous studies have established that the effects of estradiol (E2) on hepatic steroid and drug metabolism are demonstrable only in the presence of the pituitary gland. Studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that GH is the pituitary feminizing factor mediating the actions of E2 on hepatic metabolism. E2 and GH administered to castrated male rats had similar effects on hepatic enzymes, decreasing the oxidative metabolism of drugs [ethylmorphine demethylation, aniline hydroxylation, and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation) and increasing steroid (corticosterone) Δ4-hydrogenase activity. None of these effects of E2 or GH could be demonstrated in hypophysectomized (hypox) rats. However, GH administration to T4- or ACTH-treated hypox rats resulted in some of the changes in drug and steroid metabolism seen in animals with intact pituitary glands. The actions of GH on hepatic microsomal enzymes were fully demonstrable in hypox rats receiving both T4 and ACTH. E2 had no effects in T4 plus ACTH-treated hypox ra...
Synthesis of lumped and distributed networks for impedance matching of complex loads

Numerically generated results based on existing theoretical restrictions are presented enabling the straight-forward synthesis of ladder type networks for matching a resistive source to a complex load. Transfer functions used in the synthesis allow increased bandwidths via tradeoffs with reflection coefficients. Both lumped and distributed networks are treated and are fully illustrated with practical examples including, in the distributed case, experimental verification.
Lift Control Using MEMS-Based Moving Trailing-Edge Tabs

Micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) translational tabs are introduced for active lift control on aircraft. These tabs are mounted near the trailing edge of lifting surfaces such as aircraft wings and tails, deploy approximately normal to the surface, and have a maximum deployment height on the order of one percent of the section chord. Deployment of the tab effectively changes the sectional camber, thereby changing the aerodynamic characteristics of a lifting surface. Tabs with said deployment height generate a change in the section lift coefficient of approximately ±0.3. The microtab design and the techniques used to fabricate and test the tabs are presented.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
A Three-Tier Model of Parent Education in Early Childhood Applying a Problem-Solving Model

Young children with developmental disabilities may be at heightened risk for experiencing problem behavior. Evidence suggests that inappropriate behavior in young children may be related to negative parent–child interactions. Parent education and support programs have a long history of utility and effectiveness in reducing negative parent–child interactions and behavior problems. Although these programs may be effective in preventing and resolving childhood behavioral problems, not every family benefits uniformly. This article discusses how a three-tier model of intervention can be applied to parent education for young children with developmental disabilities in the context of early childhood education programs. Furthermore, the authors discuss how a problem-solving model can be used to make decisions regarding intervention provision.
Non-infected, non-haematic fluid collections after endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous veins: a noteworthy complication.

AbstractObjectivesTo describe an uncommon complication after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the saphenous veins and its percutaneous management.MethodsSymptomatic greater saphenous vein reflux was successfully treated by EVLA using standard technique. Local pain, redness and swelling around the prior percutaneous access site were investigated at the clinical and duplex ultrasonographic follow-up visit one week later.ResultsDuplex ultrasonography demonstrated a subcutaneous fluid collection with surrounding hyperechogenicity. Needle aspiration of the collection under real-time ultrasound guidance allowed complete evacuation of the clear yellowish fluid. Immediate symptom relief was observed. Direct examination and anaerobic and aerobic culture of the fluid were negative. No further complication was observed during the following 11 months of follow-up.ConclusionsSeroma after EVLA is a rare but possible complication, while haematomas and infections seem much scarcer. Diagnosis is easily made by duplex u...
Loneliness and Social Support in Infertile Couples

Objective: To determine differences between infertile wives' and husbands' levels of loneliness and perception of social support and to determine if there is a relationship between loneliness and social support. Design: Comparative descriptive. Setting: University infertility clinic and RESOLVE, an infertility support group. Participants: Convenience sample of 62 couples diagnosed as experiencing either primary or secondary infertility. Outcome measures: Loneliness was measured using the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale; social support was measured using the Interpersonal Relationship Inventory with subscales of Social Support, Reciprocity, and Conjlict. Results: Wives were significantly more lonely than husbands (t = 2.053, p = 0.04). There was no significant group difference on the social support total score or three subscale scores. Loneliness was inversely related to social support and reciprocity both for wives (r =−0.62, p = 0.001, and r =−0.50, p = 0.002, respectively) and husbands (r =−0.74, p = 0.001, and r =−0.56, p = 0.001, respectively); loneliness correlated with conflict for wives only (r = 0.48, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Although wives and husbands differed in loneliness, they were similar in perceived social support. Greater social support and reciprocity lessened feelings of loneliness for both groups. Wives who perceived increased conflict in their social relationships were more lonely.
A welder with pneumosiderosis: a case report

Pneumosiderosis or Welder's lung is an occupational lung disease which is usually seen after chronic exposure to iron dust. We present a case of a 64-year-old welder in whom the diagnosis of pneumosiderosis was made by lung biopsies. We also briefly review the literature regarding the disease, its prognosis and association with development of lung cancer. Avoidance of iron dust exposure and implementing prevention strategies in people at risk are the mainstay of therapy.
Turning A/E/C Knowledge into Working Knowledge

This paper presents A/E/C industry needs, emerging information technologies, and applications for knowledge capture, sharing, and re-use that can enable corporations to turn knowledge into working knowledge. Innovative multimedia and multimodal digital communication channels, visualization and navigation techniques of large repositories, and information retrieval algorithms can assist in building effective and efficient next generation digital knowledge management environments. This paper presents four scenarios and technologies that support knowledge capture, sharing and re-use and discuss them in the larger perspective of industry practice today and beyond.
Efficiency and Revenue Issues in the Jamaican External Trade Sector

This article is concerned with issues of the efficiency and revenue aspects of the current Jamaican taxes on trade, including tariffs, other charges, and customs valuation questions. It also considers revenue implications of further Jamaican tariff liberalization through the World Trade Organization as a member of the Caribbean Community and through the proposed Free Trade Agreement of the Americas. Finally, it comments on the scope for integrating tariff reform with reforms in domestic taxes to recoup potential revenue losses and increase the efficiency of the tax system.
Visual Observations of the Behavior of Soil Particles in Dilute Aqueous Soap Systems

The nature of one type of detergent action was demonstrated visually upon the addi tion of graphite to soap solutions of laundry strength. The graphite became coated with elongated soap particles and superficially bore a resemblance to pieces of candy covered with shredded coconut. The soap particles, which may bear some relation to micelles, measured 100 to 150 A wide and from 500 to 1500 A long. This exploratory study in volved an electron microscopical examination of specimens from which the water had been removed while in the frozen state.
Gel Strength Development During Heating of Surimi in Combination with Egg White or Whey Protein Concentrate

Gel strengths (work of penetration) of surimi (refined minced fish, MF) alone and in combination with egg white or whey protein concentrate were periodically measured by an annular pump during constant rate heating. Combination gels containing low percentages of MF were of a lesser strength than an additive relationship would have predicted. However, the strength of gels containing greater percentages of MF did relate to the gel strengths of the uncombined proteins.
Outcomes in surgical stage I uterine papillary serous carcinoma

Abstract Objective. The optimal management of patients with stage I uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is unclear. We sought to determine whether outcomes of women with surgical stage I UPSC differ with and without adjuvant therapy. Methods. Retrospective multi-institution analysis of women with stage I UPSC surgically staged from 1976 to 2006. Inclusion criteria: comprehensive staging procedure including hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, selective pelvic/aortic lymphadenectomy, peritoneal cytology. Recurrence and survival were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method. Results. Of 83 women with stage I UPSC, 36 (43%) received adjuvant therapies (23% radiotherapy, 3% chemotherapy, 15% chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 2% progestins). Three-year overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 80% and 68%, respectively. Three-year OS and PFS by adjuvant treatment were observation ( N =47) 86% and 78%, radiotherapy ( N =17) 63% and 44%, chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy ( N =17) 92% and 76%, respectively. Of the 18 recurrences, 9 (50%) included an extrapelvic component. Local recurrence was 2/30 (7%) following adjuvant radiotherapy and 7/53 (13%) without radiotherapy ( p =0.48). Recurrence was higher in stage IB/IC (15/51, 29%) compared to stage IA (3/32, 9%). There has been one recurrence (5%) among the 22 women observed with stage IA disease. Conclusion. In this largest reported series of women with surgical stage I UPSC, the high recurrence (29%) among patients with stage IB/IC disease highlights the need for clinical trials to test new therapeutic approaches. Surgically staged patients with IA disease had good prognosis. These data suggest that radiotherapy alone is not effective, that systemic therapy is needed, and that observation could be considered in patients with stage IA disease.
Portfolio Industry Strategy in Venture Capital Investments

Venture capitalists make investments decisions at the level of the individual companies and at the level of the portfolio of companies. This article studies the impact of a VC industry portfolio strategy on portfolio performance. Three types of strategies are considered: industry specialization, industry diversification, and complementary networks investments. I find that venture capital firms that specialize in terms of industry exhibit better portfolio performance. When I look further at portfolios with investments in information technology, I find that these portfolios are diversified at a narrower industry classification level. I apply the concept of “software stack” to capture the existence of complementary network effects and find that venture capitalists may pursue a strategy of investing in ventures that are complementary components of a network system. The results also show that these complementary investments are comparably more successful.
The Theory of Institutional Adjustment

Social change is necessarily a universal experience coextensive with the emergence and continuation of human communities. Foster’s three principles of institutional adjustment, as developed in this Chapter, provide an exploratory and persuasive explanation of the character and direction of social change from the institutionalist perspective. Foster observes that: “These three principles are altogether different than what is presented in standard textbooks as the principles of economics. But if economics is a social science (and it certainly is) and if social science is to maintain significance in the sense of being applicable to real problems, and if answers to all social problems necessarily take the form of institutional adjustments (which they appear to do) then the principles of economics will have to be conceived and stated in such terms” [(1972) 1981, 942].
Some Further Remarks on Measurement-Structure Interaction and the Unidimensionality of Constructs:

The authors address the criticisms raised by Anderson, Gerbing, and Hunter. In this context they consider several conceptual issues involved in using covariance structure analysis.
WATER WAVE FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY IRREGULAR BATHYMETRY

Small irregular water depth variations may cause relatively large variations of the wave field, which may affect the results of various water wave models. Statistical properties of depth variation are obtained from real bathymetry and idealized water depths are generated to study this influence on wave fields. An angular spectral model and a parabolic model are examined for their sensitivity to depth variations. It is shown that diffraction and nonlinear effects are dominant to the wave energy scattering. Correlation functions, especially correlation lengths, play an important role in the wave field variation.
Computer Models in Advertising Media Selection

There is a clear dichotomy between the optimizing and the nonoptimizing approaches. The four main methods using the optimizing approach are: (1) linear programming, (2) nonlinear programming, (3) i...
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Young Urban Women.

Abstract Background: Although young women are presumed to have low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality, the mortality benefits secondary to ischemic heart disease have plateaued among young women, <50 years. Materials and Methods: Women, 18–49 years (n = 595) among all participants (n = 1,045) in the Columbia University Heart Health in Action Study, were assessed for CVD risk burden, that is, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, physical inactivity, and/or obesity. Anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index [BMI]); demographics; socioeconomic status, CVD risk factors, body size perception; knowledge and awareness of CV disease; and attitudes toward lifestyle perception were determined. Results: Most were Hispanic (64.0%); non-Hispanic white (20.0%); or non-Hispanic black (8.7%), age = 35.9 ± 8.0 years. BMI was categorized as obese (≥30 kg/m2, 27.0%; 160/592); overweight (25.0–29.1 kg/m2, 29.1%; 172/592); normal weight ...
Precipitation and Soil Productivity Explain Effects of Grazing on Grassland Songbirds

ABSTRACT Temperate grassland ecosystems are imperiled globally, and habitat loss in North America has resulted in steep declines of endemic songbirds. Commercial livestock grazing is the primary land use in rangelands that support remaining bird populations. Some conservationists suggest using livestock as “ecosystem engineers” to increase habitat heterogeneity in rangelands because birds require a spectrum of sparse to dense vegetation cover. However, grazing effects remain poorly understood because local studies have not incorporated broad-scale environmental constraints on herbaceous growth. We surveyed grassland birds across a region spanning 26 500 km2 in northeast Montana, United States to assess how distribution and abundance were affected by weather, soils, and grazing. We modeled bird abundance to characterize regional response to herbaceous cover, experimentally manipulated grazing to isolate its effect, and then scaled back up to evaluate how the regional environment constrains bird response to...
Predictors of Mandatory Third Grade Retention From High-Stakes Test Performance for Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Children

Abstract As a result of No Child Left Behind, Florida began mandatory 3rd grade retention for children who fail the high-stakes reading Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test [FCAT]. We examined enforcement practices of this policy. We examined a large (N = 27,980), ethnically diverse, urban sample. Of those who took the FCAT reading test in 3rd grade, 15% failed, and of those who failed, only 53% actually repeated 3rd grade. Black and Latino students, those receiving free/reduced lunch, those who were not yet English proficient, and those in special education were more likely to fail the test. The same variables predicted which students were retained after having failed the FCAT, with the exception of ethnicity. Children who had a lower GPA in 3rd grade had greater odds of being held back after failing the FCAT, even while controlling for relevant demographic variables. We discuss implications for the potential marginalization of vulnerable groups from high-stakes retention policies.
3D rendering of electromechanical wave imaging for the characterization and optimization of biventricular pacing conditions in heart failure patients undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Assessing the response of heart failure (HF) patients to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) currently relies on the ECG and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Electromechanical Wave Imaging (EWI) is a high frame-rate (2000 Hz) ultrasound-based technique capable of non-invasively mapping the electromechanical activation in all four cardiac chambers in vivo. In this study, we aim to show the capability of EWI in identifying different pacing conditions in patients with CRT and to characterize the resulting activation pattern directly following biventricular (BiV) device placement.
The Link Between Nutrition and Physical Activity in Increasing Academic Achievement.

Background Research demonstrates a link between decreased cognitive function in overweight school-aged children and improved cognitive function among students with high fitness levels and children engaging in regular physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to examine whether regular PA and proper nutrition together had a significant effect on academic achievement. Methods Using the seventh wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998-99 (ECLS-K) dataset, linear regression analysis with a Jackknife resampling correction was conducted to analyze the relationship among nutrition, PA, and academic achievement, while controlling for socioeconomic status, age, and sex. A nonactive, unhealthy nutrition group and a physically active, healthy nutrition group were compared on standardized tests of academic achievement. Results Findings indicated that PA levels and proper nutrition significantly predicted achievement scores. Thus, the active, healthy nutrition group scored higher on reading, math, and science standardized achievement tests scores. Conclusions There is a strong connection between healthy nutrition and adequate PA, and the average performance within the population. Thus, results from this study suggest a supporting relationship between students' health and academic achievement. Findings also provide implications for school and district policy changes.
Early fatigue damage in carbon-fibre composites observed by electrical resistance measurement

Early fatigue damage during the first tenth (or less) of the fatigue life was observed in carbon fibre composites by d.c. electrical resistance measurement. The damage was most severe in the first loading cycle and the incremental damage in each subsequent cycle diminished cycle by cycle. For the continuous carbon fibre carbon-matrix composite, the resistance increased irreversibly during early fatigue due to matrix damage and possibly fibre fracture as well. For the short carbon fibre polymer-matrix and cement-matrix composities, the resistance decreased irreversibly during early fatigue due to matrix damage near the junction of adjacent fibres and the resulting increase in the chance that adjacent fibres touched one another.
Cross layer-based intrusion detection based on network behavior for IoT

The intrusion detection systems gained major significance in the field of internet of things (IoT) as the communicating entities could reach thousands of nodes. An intrusion detection system (IDS) that uses a hybrid learning approach, consists of two stages of detection, local and global. The data collection for the classification purposes at the local detection phase is intended to mimic the network behavior rather than node behavior and the ability to infer the state of the node. A scheme based on obtaining datasets related to the packet counts for normal and malicious cases, collected using promiscuous mode, is adopted in the network. The local detection is conducted by the dedicated sniffers (DS) where each DS uses supervised learning approach based on decision trees to generate correctly classified instances (CCIs). The global stage collects the CCIs sent from the dedicated sniffers (DS) to the super node (SN) and applies an iterative linear regression to generate a time-based profile called the accumulated measure of fluctuation (AMoF) for malicious and normal nodes. A profile of a malicious and a normal node is obtained, and an anomaly is detected after three iterations (processed samples).
Evaluating Antigen-Specific IgE Using the Rat Basophil Leukemia Cell (RBL) Assay

Allergic diseases (atopy) include asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic sinusitis. It is estimated that up to 90% of asthmatics are atopic and have an allergy trigger for asthmatic episodes. In order to assess the risk of allergy induction associated with inhalation exposure, animal models of protein allergy have been developed. These models have been used both to identify proteins as allergens and to assess their relative potency. Often these research situations include allergens that are not well characterized or are unknown. In these situations, specific allergens are not available to be evaluated by more well-known assays (such as ELISAs), and developing a specific assay to evaluate an extract or mixture for an unknown or potential allergen is very time consuming and generally requires purified antigen/allergen. Additionally, when the comparison of the relative potency of multiple extracts is of interest, a common/generic platform is necessary. A more generic method, the rat basophil leukemia cell assay (RBL assay), has been developed which provides insight into the allergenicity of extracts and mixtures as well as providing a common platform for relative potency comparison between/among these complex allergen sources.
Effects of Lorcaserin and Buspirone, Administered Alone and as a Mixture, on Cocaine Self-Administration in Male and Female Rhesus Monkeys

Cocaine use disorder is a serious public health issue for which there is no effective pharmacotherapy. One strategy to speed development of medications for cocaine use disorder is to repurpose drugs already approved for use in humans based on their ability to interact with targets known to be important for addiction. Two such drugs, lorcaserin (Belviq; a drug with serotonin [5-HT]2C receptor agonist properties) and buspirone (Buspar; a drug with 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and dopamine D3/D4 receptor antagonist properties) can produce modest decreases in cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of mixtures of lorcaserin and buspirone (at fixed dose ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 relative to each drug's ID50) to reduce responding for 0.032 mg/kg/inf cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement in 2 male and 2 female rhesus monkeys. Dose addition analyses were used to determine if the effects of the drug mixtures differed from those predicted for an additive interaction between lorcaserin and buspirone. Dose-dependent reductions of cocaine self-administration were observed when lorcaserin and buspirone were administered alone, as well as when they were administered as 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 fixed ratio mixtures of lorcaserin + buspirone. The effects of the 1:1 mixture of lorcaserin + buspirone on cocaine self-administration were supraadditive, whereas the effects of 3:1 and 1:3 mixtures were additive. Together, these results indicate that a combination therapy containing a mixture of lorcaserin and buspirone might be more effective than either drug alone at treating cocaine use disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
STRUCTURE AND DISPERSION OF IRON-BASED LIQUEFACTION CATALYSTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and dispersion of iron-based liquefaction catalysts. Complementary 57Fe Mossbauer and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize iron-based direct coal liquefaction catalysts. Fourier transformation of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure of the XAFS spectrum produces a radial structure function (RSF) that is similar to a radial distribution function. The chapter presents a comparison of RSF of goethite (α-FeOOH) and that of two ion-exchanged lignites. The third nearest neighbor (nn) Fe shell amplitude is drastically reduced in the ion-exchanged samples relative to that for bulk goethite. This is because many of the iron atoms in these samples are either molecularly dispersed or contained in particles so small that they have less than their full complement of third nn atoms. During liquefaction at typical conditions, the iron oxides are transformed to small pyrrhotite particles if sufficient sulfur is present in the system.
Trees and vegetation for residential energy conservation: A critical review for evidence-based urban greening in North America

Abstract The effects of trees on residential energy demand have been extensively studied over the past several decades; yet a comprehensive analysis of their magnitude, variation and emerging issues and evidence has not been updated in the literature. Given this gap, a systematic review was conducted by assessing major disciplines, geographic distributions, methods and reported energy-saving performances for cooling and heating residential homes. An overwhelming majority of literature focused on single family housing types in North America, with a strong geographic concentration in California. In North America, 40 peer-reviewed studies were published from 1979 to 2017 by 19 different journals across disciplines. Researchers used simulation modeling and empirical approaches in roughly equal proportions. The review confirms that the conceptual and empirical evidence to support trees’ energy saving effects is solid, especially for cooling effects, but the magnitude of reported energy-savings widely varied depending on climate, method, data and assumptions for buildings and trees. A building with trees used 2.3% to 90% less cooling energy, mostly through shading effects, and 1% to 20% less heating energy through windbreak effects, in comparison to buildings without trees. Takeaways for evidence-based urban greening are that practitioners and researchers should: i) pay careful attention to different methods and assumptions used when interpreting and comparing research findings ii) pursue long-term monitoring and evidence-based management to enhance tree survival and growth; iii) incorporate emerging trade-offs and synergies such as rooftop solar energy, water conservation, and net carbon savings into design and policies; and iv) prioritize planting for underserved and vulnerable communities.
Flow resistance, sediment transport, and bedform development in a steep gravel-bedded river flume

Quantifying flow resistance and sediment transport rates in steep streams is important for flood and debris flow prediction, habitat restoration, and predicting how mountainous landscapes evolve. However, most studies have focused on low gradient rivers and the application of this work is uncertain for steep mountain streams where surface flows are shallow and rough, subsurface flows are not negligible, and there is form-drag from bed- and channel-forms that differs from those in low gradient rivers. To evaluate flow resistance relations and sediment transport rates for steep channel beds, experiments were conducted using a range of water discharges and sediment transport rates in a 12 m long recirculating flume with bed slopes of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and a bed of nearly uniform natural gravel. Flow resistance for planar beds and beds that developed bedforms match empirical models that account for bedload-dependent roughness. Some bedforms were atypical for natural rivers at these bed slopes, such as stepped alternate bars and upstream migrating alternate bars. Total flow resistance increased with decreasing particle submergence and energetic sediment transport and drag on bedforms. Using linear stress partitioning to calculate bed stresses due to grain resistance alone, sediment flux relations developed for lower gradient rivers perform well overall, but they overestimate fluxes at 20% and 30% gradients. Based on previous theory, mass failure of the bed, which did not occur, was predicted for the highest Shields stresses investigated at 20% and 30% bed slopes; instead a concentrated layer, four to ten particle diameters deep, of highly concentrated granular sheetflow was observed.
Effects of Tendon Degeneration on Predictions of Supraspinatus Tear Propagation

Rotator cuff tendons undergo degeneration with age, which could have an impact on tear propagation. The objective of this study was to predict tear propagation for different levels of tissue degeneration using an experimentally validated finite element model of a supraspinatus tendon. It was hypothesized that greater amounts of degeneration will result in tear propagation at lower loads than tendons with less degeneration. Using a previously-validated computational model of supraspinatus tendon, 1-cm tears were introduced in the anterior, middle, and posterior thirds of the tendon. Cohesive elements were assigned subject-specific failure properties to model tear propagation, and tendon degeneration ranging from “minimal” to “severe” was modeled by modifying its mechanical properties. Tears in tendons with severe degeneration required the smallest loads to propagate (122–207 N). Posterior tears required greater loads compared to middle and anterior tears at all levels of degeneration. Stress and strain required for tear propagation decreased substantially with degeneration, ranging from 8.5 MPa and 32.6% strain for minimal degeneration and 0.6 MPa and 4.5% strain for severe degeneration. Overall, this work indicates that greater amounts of tendon degeneration lead to greater risk of tear propagation, supporting the need for early detection and treatment of rotator cuff tears.
Correction: Health and sustainability outcomes of vegetarian dietary patterns: a revisit of the EPIC-Oxford and the Adventist Health Study-2 cohorts

Since publication of the original version of this article, the authors noticed that some values of Table 4 were arranged under incorrect columns. These values have now been arranged correctly in both the HTML and PDF versions of this article.
Cardiomyocyte cell cycle dynamics and proliferation revealed through cardiac-specific transgenesis of fluorescent ubiquitinated cell cycle indicator (FUCCI).

Abstract Rationale Understanding and manipulating the cardiomyocyte cell cycle has been the focus of decades of research, however the ultimate goal of activating mitotic activity in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes remains elusive and controversial. The relentless pursuit of controlling cardiomyocyte mitosis has been complicated and obfuscated by a multitude of indices used as evidence of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity that lack clear identification of cardiomyocyte “proliferation” versus cell cycle progression, endoreplication, endomitosis, and even DNA damage. Unambiguous appreciation of the complexity of cardiomyocyte replication that avoids oversimplification and misinterpretation is desperately needed. Objective Track cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and authenticate fidelity of proliferation markers as indicators of de novo cardiomyogenesis in post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. Methods and results Cardiomyocytes expressing the FUCCI construct driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter were readily and uniformly detected through the myocardium of transgenic mice. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity peaks at postnatal day 2 and rapidly declines thereafter with almost all cardiomyocytes arrested at the G1/S cell cycle transition. Myocardial infarction injury in adult hearts prompts transient small increases in myocytes progressing through cell cycle without concurrent mitotic activity, indicating lack of cardiomyogenesis. In comparison, cardiomyogenic activity during early postnatal development correlated with coincidence of FUCCI and cKit+ cells that were undetectable in the adult myocardium. Conclusions Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of F luorescence U biquitination-based C ell C ycle I ndicators (FUCCI) reveals previously unappreciated aspects of cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and biological activity in postnatal development and in response to pathologic damage. Compared to many other methods and model systems, the FUCCI transgenic (FUCCI-Tg) mouse represents a valuable tool to unambiguously track cell cycle and proliferation of the entire cardiomyocyte population in the adult murine heart. FUCCI-Tg provides a desperately needed novel approach in the armamentarium of tools to validate cardiomyocyte proliferative activity that will reveal cell cycle progression, discriminate between cycle progression, DNA replication, and proliferation, and provide important insight for enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation in the context of adult myocardial tissue.
Reading aloud in a clear speaking style may interfere with sentence recognition memory

Previous research has shown that native and non-native listeners’ recognition memory is higher for sentences previously heard in clear speech (CS) than in conversational speech (Keerstock and Smiljanic, 2018). The present study investigated whether speaking clearly also enhances talkers’ sentence recognition memory. The production effect (MacLeod et al., 2010) revealed superior retention of material read aloud relative to material read silently during an encoding phase. Vocal production that included an additional distinct element, such as speaking loudly, produced even greater memory benefits than reading aloud (Quinlan and Taylor, 2013). Production of the exaggerated articulatory and acoustic cues in CS could thus lead to enhanced sentence recognition memory relative to conversational style. Native and non-native English speakers produced alternating blocks of 10 conversational and CS sentences for a total of 60 unique sentences. In the test phase, they identified 120 sentences as old (from exposure) or new (distractors). Unexpectedly, preliminary results show lower sentence recognition memory for sentences produced in CS than in conversational speech for both groups of talkers. The results suggest that producing CS, unlike perceiving it, interferes with recognition memory. Allocating cognitive resources to producing hyper-articulated speech may limit their availability for storing information in memory.
Twisting superconductors with light

A theoretical analysis of exotic superconductors suggests that it is possible to manipulate the state of their order parameter with light. This will help engineer devices from topological superconductors by patterning regions with different orders.
Education with a Social Focus on Gender Attitudes: Experimental Evidence from Secondary Education in El Salvador

Gender-based violence is one of the most common social problems worldwide. It adversely affects development and the well-being of individuals. The most common prevention policy associated with gender violence is changes in attitudes through education. This paper examines the effects of an education program targeting young people between 12 and 18 years old in El Salvador. Using an experimental design, the analysis finds that the program led to changes in gender attitudes only among young women but not among young men. Both young women and men improved their knowledge about gender-related issues, but only young women carried out more conversations on the topic with peers. The analysis also identified changes in self-reported sexual behavior for both young men and women. This study provides evidence to help in the identification of effective approaches aimed at fostering a generation of young people free from gender-based violence.
Client and Provider Discomfort With an Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey.

Introduction Many service providers report concerns that questions about adverse events may upset clients. Studies indicate that most survey respondents answer sensitive questions without experiencing distress, although little is known about the prevalence or correlates of clients’ discomfort when they are asked similar questions by direct care providers, such as home visitors. Methods This study used data collected between 2013 and 2018 from 1,678 clients and 161 providers in a network of home visiting programs in Wisconsin. Clients and home visitors completed an adverse childhood experience questionnaire that concludes by asking about discomfort with the questions. Analyses conducted in 2018 examined overall client discomfort and associations between discomfort and the endorsement of 10 distinct adverse childhood experiences. Multilevel regressions were performed to test whether client and provider factors were associated with client discomfort. Results More than 80% of clients were not at all or slightly uncomfortable with the adverse childhood experience questionnaire, and 3% reported extreme discomfort. Bivariate results showed that each adverse childhood experience, except parental divorce, was associated with greater discomfort; sexual abuse was the only adverse childhood experience associated with discomfort in a multivariate analysis. Multiple client variables were linked to increased discomfort, including higher adverse childhood experience scores (b=0.06, 95% CI=0.04, 0.08) and depression scores (b=0.01, 95% CI=0.00, 0.02). Home visitor discomfort was positively associated with client discomfort (b=0.16, 95% CI=0.01, 0.31). Conclusions Results indicated that most clients in home visiting programs tolerated an adverse childhood experience questionnaire well. The findings point to clients who may be more likely to report discomfort and highlight an important association between client and provider discomfort.
Model Real Problems

Most commercial CFD programs now come along with powerful user-friendly graphic interfaces and detailed user manuals; however, proper and efficient usage of these programs still requires sufficient expertise in fluid mechanics and its numerical methods. The first crucial element in CFD simulation is a procedure or method of abstracting, simplifying, and reconstructing the real world into a computer model, which directly determine the correctness and accuracy of final predictive solutions.
From Mapping to Localization: A Complete Framework to Visually Estimate Position and Attitude for Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicle framework relies on localization algorithms to position itself and navigates to the destination. In this paper, we explore a light-weight visual localization method to realize the vehicle position and attitude estimation based on images rather than the dominant LIDAR data. We apply SLAM and an offline map correction method to generate a high precision map, which composes 3D points and feature descriptors. For each image, we extract the features and match against the map to explore correspondences. In the correspondences search process, we rely on the previous camera pose estimation result to determine the search scope, where significantly improves the localization accuracy. The searching process is embedded in the pose estimation stage, which we adjust the PnP procedure to better fit the autonomous driving task. Simply based on a single CPU thread support, experiments on the benchmark KITTI dataset demonstrate the superior results of our method.
COREDAR: A Coastal Climate Service Framework on Sea-Level Rise Risk Communication for Adaptation Policy Planning

Accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) is a major long-term outcome of climate change leading to increased inundation of low-lying areas and put global cities and coastal communities at greater risk. Building capacities at the community level to address the challenges of SLR is an important first step towards adaptation policy planning and decision-making. Building capacity through risk communication is a bottleneck challenge to translate complex climate science into policy and actions. To meet these challenges, this paper has put forth the research question as what information do the coastal stakeholders need and how does it need to be communicated in the context of SLR and to build capacities that favor for effective SLR policy planning and decision-making at the local level. As a result, we have evolved COREDAR (COmmunicating Risk of sea-level rise and Engaging stakeholDers in framing community-based Adaptation strategies), a climate service capacity building framework that provides an important exploratory study, examining the SLR risk communications and community-based adaptation, extending and clarifying certain findings within the current SLR literature. The framework highlight the need to consider the relevance of addressing SLR risk communication in a systemic and holistic approach that integrates science, society, and policy in SLR research, whilst at the same time pointing to some interesting directions for engaging local communities in the decision-making process for framing adaptation strategies that are community-centric. Importantly, this framework emphasizes the significance of climate communication strategies and use of climate information in policy planning and decision-making as one of the potential climate services for SLR risk research.
Subclinical Hearing Loss is Associated With Depressive Symptoms.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess whether the relationship between hearing and depressive symptoms is present among older adults classified as normal hearing (≤25 dB). Design Cross-sectional epidemiologic study (Hispanic Community Health Study). Setting US multicentered. Participants Adults ≥50 years old (n = 5,499) with normal hearing or hearing loss (HL). Measurements The primary exposure was hearing, defined continuously by the 4-frequency pure-tone average threshold (dB) on audiometry. Hearing was additionally categorized into normal hearing (≤25 dB) and HL (>25 dB). The main outcome was depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10). Depressive symptoms were defined both continuously and binarily (where CESD-10 ≥10 was categorized as clinically significant depressive symptoms). Multivariable linear, logistic, and generalized additive modeling (GAM) regressions were performed. Results Among those with normal hearing, the CESD-10 score increased by 1.04 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 1.37) for every 10 dB decrease in hearing, adjusting for age, gender, education, cardiovascular disease, and hearing aid use. Among those with HL, the CESD-10 score increased by 0.62 points (95% CI: 0.23, 1.01) for every 10 dB decrease in hearing, adjusting for the same confounders. Similar findings were noted when the outcome was clinically significant depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.28 [1.14, 1.44] in normal hearing versus 1.26 [1.11, 1.44] in HL). In certain sensitivity analyses, the relationship between hearing and depressive symptoms was significantly stronger among those with normal hearing than in those with HL. Conclusion The relationship between hearing and clinically significant depressive symptoms is present among older adults with normal hearing (
Prediction of 3D microstructure and phase distributions of Ti6Al4V built by the directed energy deposition process via combined multi-physics models

Abstract In this paper, a multiphysics and multiscale integrated simulation framework is established to link the thermal history with the microstructural evolution and resulting properties of Ti6Al4V in additive manufacturing processes by combining: (1) a three-dimensional (3D) multiphysics modeling of quasi-steady-state deposition geometry and thermal history in the directed energy deposition (DED) process, (2) a 3D cellular automata modeling of the solidification grain structure, and (3) a diffusion/diffusionless kinetic modeling of solid-state phase transformation and microhardness prediction based on the simulated phase volume fractions. By applying to Ti6Al4V, this integrated simulation framework demonstrates its feasibility in modeling complex microstructural evolution and phase transformation during the multi-track DED process. The simulated track geometry and thermal history agree well with experimental results. Coupled with the extracted temperature profiles and heating/cooling rates, the competitive growth of β grains upon solidification of the molten pool is successfully predicted. The solid-state β→α/α´ transformation in the fusion zone and heat-affected zone is then captured by the kinetic solid-state phase prediction model. With the predicted volume fractions of α and α´ in the final microstructure, the microhardness is assessed, matching the experimental measurements.