cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Descriptive profiles of highly skilled women volleyball players

ABSTRACT SPENCE, D.W., J.G. DISCH, H.L. FRED, and A.E. COLEMAN. Descriptive profiles of highly skilled women volleyball players. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 299–302, 1980. Descriptive profiles were developed for 15 members of the United States Women's National Volleyball Training Team. Data were obtained from anthropometric, strength, physiologic, and motor performance domains. Within-group comparisons were made between the six women who were selected for the Pan-American Team and the nine who were not. The Pan-American selectees were taller and heavier and demonstrated greater motor ability than the non-selectees. Strength measurements did not indicate consistent differences between the two sub-groups. The non-selected players had a greater Vo2max, than those selected. Between-group comparisons on selected variables were made between the subject and other American women volleyball players. The training team subjects were taller and heavier than the comparative groups. The training team group demonstrated lower heart rate MAX (180beats/min) than the other groups reported, and their Vo2max (43.2 ml/kg/min) was within the range of the comparative groups.
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: evidence for chain initiation by ethene and ethanol for an iron catalyst

14C-labeled ethene, propene and ethanol have been added to the synthesis gas feed to cobalt and iron Fischer–Tropsch catalysts operated in the slurry phase. Oxidation to convert the carbon in the 1-position of alkene products to CO2 was carried out. Results from oxidation of 1-14C-1-hexene were used to document the suitability of the approach. The 14C content of CO2 was at or below the detection limit in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis product, showing for ethene that incorporation by termination could not account for the results. The data are consistent with the added alkene or alcohol serving to initiate chain growth.
The promise, problems, and potential of fusion energy as an electricity source

Is fusion power the Philosopher`s Stone of energy or is it a realistic approach to next century`s energy needs? Are fusion scientists modern day alchemists or practical explorers as they search for an abundant supply of power in a common element? Will fusion power revolutionize world energy consumption, or will it find little or no room in the energy mix of the future? Will fusion ever be a national priority or will it become just an interesting project for nuclear physicists and energy analysts? This paper examines these questions and issues in the context of fusion`s physics, history, and current status. This background information will provide the basis for speculating on fusions`s future in this country and worldwide.
The irradiation effects of ion implantation on magnetic garnets

The microstructure of epitaxially grown garnets, used for magnetic bubble memory devices, has been examined prior and subsequent to implantation with high-energy ions by transmission electron microscopy, incorporating a special cross-section technique. In this particular investigation, thin films of (SmYGdTm)3 Ga0.4Fe4.6O12 have been produced by liquid phase epitaxy on (111) substrates of gadolinium gallium garnet and subsequently exposed to various doses of oxygen and/or deuterium ions. At moderate implantation doses (5×1015D+2cm2 and/or 1×1014O+cm2), magnetic properties are favo larger doses, isolated amorphous regions nucleate and grow into a continuous layer, thereby degrading desirable magnetic properties. Implantation-induced changes of the garnet crystal structure near the unimplanted/implanted boundary are described. Relationships between these microstructural features and concomitant magnetic properties are suggested.
Rate-adaptive convolutional coded fixed spreading length (CCFSL) scheme for multi-rate MC-CDMA

In this paper, a new rate-adaptive convolutional coded fixed spreading length (CCFSL) multi-rate transmission scheme is proposed for MC-CDAM system. By using rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes and nested codes, all lower rate users are rate-adaptively encoded to become virtual highest rate users, which significantly improves their spectral utilization efficiency. With this new scheme, great flexibility in rate matching can be achieved. An upper bound is derived for the performance in the correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Furthermore the BER performance versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference-to-signal ratio (ISR) of this scheme are compared with the VFSL and block coded fixed spreading length (BCFSL) scheme by simulation.
The Effects of Identities, Incentives, and Information on Voting

We report on majority voting experiments where subjects are randomly assigned identities in common with a candidate. However, subjects sometimes receive a financial incentive from voting contrary to their identity. We vary the size of the incentive as well as information voters have about the advantage of the incentive. We find that subjects are influenced by their assigned identities, and the effect is stronger when voters have less information. Nevertheless, financial incentives reduce this influence when voters have full information. Our results suggest that identity may have an important affect on voter choices in elections where incentives or information are low.
Bullying Behavior, Parents' Work Hours and Early Adolescents' Perceptions of Time Spent with Parents.

This research investigates the relationships among bullying behavior, mother’s and father’s work hours, and early adolescents’ perceptions of whether they spend sufficient time with their parents. ...
Peak expiratory flow in bed? A comparison of 3 positions.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the correct peak expiratory flow (PEF) maneuver include standing. In the hospital setting, PEF values are often ordered to assess response to asthma therapy for exacerbations. We have observed that the PEF is sometimes performed with the patient in bed. METHODS: Healthy adults performed the PEF maneuver in random order, standing, lying back at an 45° angle on pillows, and sitting, slumped forward 10° with legs extended. PEF was recorded for 3 attempts in each of the 3 positions. RESULTS: We enrolled 94 subjects (39 male, 55 female, mean age 24 y) in 2011. Mean PEF in the standing position (669 42 L/min) was significantly higher than in the lying back (621 42 L/min) (P < .001) and sitting (615 42 L/min) positions in males (P < .001), and, similarly, in females, standing produced a significantly higher mean PEF (462 42 L/min) than the lying back (422 42 L/min) (P < .001) and sitting (447 42 L/ min) positions (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should ensure that PEF is obtained with patients out of bed and in the standing position. Key words: peak expiratory flow; asthma; correct maneuver. [Respir Care 2013;58(3):494–497. © 2013 Daedalus Enterprises]
Migration, Transnationalism, and Belonging: Movements in the Nation‐State

Sovereign Bodies: Citizens, Migrants, and States in the Postcolonial World. Thomas Blom Hansen and Finn Stepputat, eds. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 366 pp. When Women Come First: Gender and Class in Transnational Migration. Sheba Mariam George. Berkley: University of California Press, 2005. 259 pp. In a New Land: A Comparative View of Immigration. Nancy Foner. New York: New York University Press, 2005. 327 pp.
YA-TRAP: yet another trivial RFID authentication protocol

Security and privacy in RFID systems is an important and active research area. A number of challenges arise due to the extremely limited computational, storage and communication abilities of a typical RFID tag. This paper describes a simple technique for inexpensive untraceable identification of RFID tags. The proposed protocol (called YA-TRAP) involves minimal interaction between a tag and a reader and places low computational burden on the tag (a single keyed hash). It also imposes low computational load on the back-end server.
Module selection for pipelined synthesis

Module selection is one of the many functions which have to be performed during behavioral synthesis of pipelined designs. Module selection is the process of choosing the types of modules (e.g. carry-look-ahead adder) to implement each operation (e.g. addition). In this paper, we give a limited solution to the module selection problem for pipelined designs. A model for estimating area-time tradeoffs [3] for pipelined designs is used to formulate the module selection problem, and an overview of the solution technique is given. Complexities introduced by non-optimal designs and user constraints are also addressed. The results have been validated using designs generated by an automated pipeline synthesis program.
Bisectors of linearly separable sets

A bisector of two sets is the set of points equidistant form them. Bisectors arise naturally in several areas of computational geometry. We show that bisectors of weakly linearly separable sets inEd have many properties of interest. Among these, the bisector of a restricted class of linearly separated sets is a homeomorphic image of the linear separator. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a particular continuous map from (a portion of) any linear separator to the bisector.
Unusual Complications of the Vacuum Erection Device

Abstract Objectives. The vacuum erection device (VED) is usually well tolerated and very effective for patients with erectile dysfunction. When used correctly, VEDs carry low morbidity and few recognized complications. We report on 5 patients who developed unusual complications associated with VED use, including two previously unreported complications of urethral bleeding and capture of scrotal tunica within the penile shaft. Methods. Patient 1: a 38-year-old diabetic man with significant peripheral neuropathy and an 8-year history of erectile dysfunction developed penile skin necrosis at the ring site after leaving the penile ring on for an excessive length of time (6 hours). Patient 2: a 76-year-old diabetic man who used a VED correctly for 3 months developed severe urethral bleeding. Patient 3: a 75-year-old diabetic man who enjoyed satisfactory erections with a VED for 14 months developed a 3 × 3-cm penile cystic mass located on the proximal right side of the penile shaft. This mass was not present in the flaccid state and was seen only with VED use. Patient 4: a 65-year-old man developed Peyronie’s disease after 4 years of correct VED use. Patient 5: a 62-year-old man with neurogenic impotence following a radical prostatectomy developed penile ecchymoses acutely following placement of a smaller constriction ring. He subsequently developed a dorsal penile plaque with mild dorsal curvature. Results. Patient 1 did well with local skin care and no longer uses a VED. Patient 2 underwent cystoscopy and was found to have prominent urethral vessels (varicosities) in the midurethra, compared with a normal cystoscopy 9 months previously. This patient no longer uses a VED and now denies any urethral bleeding at 15-month follow-up. Patient 3 underwent corpora cavernosography and contrast injection of the cystic mass. These radiographic studies showed that the mass did not communicate with either corpora cavernosa or the corpus spongiosum. A retrograde urethrogram failed to show a urethral diverticulum. The patient was surgically explored, and the penile cystic mass was found to be scrotal tunica vaginalis. Subsequently, a hydrocele repair was performed, yet postoperatively the patient developed testicular migration into the ipsilateral penile shaft. Testicular fixation was not feasible secondary to a childhood herniorrhaphy, and an orchiectomy was performed. Patient 4 underwent implantation of a penile prosthesis and is doing well at 3-year follow-up. Patient 5 experiences mild dorsal penile curvature with erections induced by transurethral prostaglandin E1. The penile curvature does not interfere with intercourse and will be managed conservatively. Conclusions. We describe unusual side effects associated with VEDs. Although thousands of men use VEDs successfully and without morbidity, the urologist must be aware of unusual complications associated with VED use.
Wife Abuse and the Wife Abuser Review and Recommendations

This article reviews the clinical, theoretical, and empirical literature on wife abuse and the wife abuser that suggests answers to the questions, Why does he do it? and What will stop him? The article begins with a discussion of relevant historical and contextual information. It provides an overview of the problem of domestic violence, presents prevalence data, and describes the evolution and current status of public and professional awareness and response. The review includes research studies and discursive papers that have viewed the wife abuser from sociopolitical as well as psychological perspectives. The author proposes an integrative model for understanding etiologic, dynamic, and intervention issues with this population. The article concludes with a discussion of clinical and research implications and recommendations.
Resistance of the antibacterial agent ceragenin CSA-13 to inactivation by DNA or F-actin and its activity in cystic fibrosis sputum

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of DNA and F-actin [polyanions present in high concentration in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway fluid] on the antibacterial activities of the cationic steroid antibiotic CSA-13 and the cationic peptides LL37, WLBU2 and HB71. Methods: Light scattering intensity was used to evaluate the aggregation of DNA and F-actin by the cationic antibacterial agents. Bacterial killing assays, atomic force microscopy, determination of MIC values and bacterial load of CF sputa were used to determine the bactericidal activity. Inhibition of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) translocation in human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs) was quantified as an assay of anti-inflammatory action. Results: CSA-13 is significantly more effective than cationic antibacterial peptides against kanamycinresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and less susceptible to inactivation by DNA or F-actin. The concentration of CSA-13 sufficient to decrease the CF sputa bacteria load by 90% is at least 10 times lower than that at which CSA-13 formed aggregates with DNA or F-actin. Both CSA-13 and LL37 prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced translocation of NF-kB in HAEC, thereby suggesting that these antibacterial molecules might prevent systemic inflammation caused by bacterial wall components. Conclusions: Charge-based interactions that strongly inhibit the antibacterial activity of host cationic antibacterial peptides present in CF sputa have significantly less effect on molecules from the ceragenin family such as CSA-13 due in part to their smaller net charge and distribution of this charge over a hydrophobic scaffold. CSA molecules therefore have potential for the treatment of chronic infections and inflammation that occur in CF airways and other settings in which extracellular polyanions accumulate.
Vibrational intensities—XXVI CSF2 and CSCl2

Abstract The absolute intensities of all the vibrational fundamentals of CSF 2 and CSCl 2 have been measured and values of ∂ p /∂ Q have been obtained. The vibrational assignment of CSCl 2 has been completed through the observation of the two low frequency fundamentals at 294 and 220 cm −1 and Urey—Bradley force constants and normal coordinates have been calculated for both molecules. These have been used to reduce the intensity data to derivatives of the dipole moment with respect to defined symmetry coordinates and, further, to bond moments, and the results are compared with previous results on COF 2 . We find that the derivative of the molecular dipole moment with respect to the CS stretching coordinate is −3.70 ± 0.14 D/A for CSCl 2 and −3.07 ± 0.06 D/A for CSF/, a result which parallels our previous findings in the carbonyl halides.
Comparison of anxiety levels of students in introductory earth science and geology courses

Students in geology and earth science courses were not anxious about taking these courses as measured by the State-Triat Anxiety Inventory. Students in each course were split into two grade groups. It was shown that students whose grades were in the higher group had low anxiety, which continued to be reduced during the course. Students in the lower grade group had high anxiety, which increased during the course. There was no difference between anxiety scores of males and females. In general, students who planned to elect additional courses had lower state anxiety and higher grades than students who did not plan to elect additional courses in geology and earth science.
Myth and Realism in Recent Criticism of the American Literary West

Although the vast American West, with its indefinite boundaries, has provided the inspiration and setting for countless narratives, it was not until the late 1920s, as Richard W. Etulain has indicated, that the first significant criticism of Western literature appeared.1 The work of Franklin Walker exemplifies this first phase of criticism, in which Western literature was discussed chiefly in terms of biography and historical backgrounds.2 After 1950, Henry Nash Smith's Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth became the major influence, with its dual emphases on the mythic and symbolic value of the West and on the cultural in sights to be gained from a study of popular, usually ephemeral, literature. Etulain points out that in the 1960s a great surge of interest developed in Western literature studies, as can be seen in the multitude of new critical books and essays published and in the appearance of two new journals (South Dakota Review and Western American Literature) expressly devoted to the study of Western American letters. As a result, he concludes that "Western literary studies are no longer in their adolescent stage; they have taken on a new maturity." Though Etulain's belief in their maturity may have been a little premature on behalf of the bicentennial, the publication in 1980 of John R. Milton's long-awaited study, The Novel of the
Improving Postarrest Care Through Evidence-Based Common Sense

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is an important public health challenge in the United States. Effective cardiac arrest treatment requires well-informed and action-oriented bystanders, highperforming emergency medical services (EMS), and attentive postarrest care. The latter component requires multidisciplinary coordination of numerous elements, including temperature management, cardiac assessment and intervention, ventilator management, hemodynamic optimization, and structured neurologic evaluation, among other supportive actions. This organization of multiple domains resembles other familiar models of care for time-critical conditions such as trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Some experts advocate that EMS directly transport postarrest patients to regional centers where the personnel, equipment, and specific expertise exist, a course modeled after success in treating these conditions. In this issue of Annals, Spaite et al report on a statewide effort to regionalize out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care. After a stakeholder meeting in 2007, the Arizona Department of Public Health designated a network of cardiac receiving centers that offered specialized care for postarrest patients, including therapeutic hypothermia, early coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, and guideline-based critical care. EMS leaders directed the transport of postarrest patients—with or without return of circulation—to these centers. In an evaluation of 2,177 patients treated before and after implementation of this system, Spaite et al found that the regionalization strategy increased therapeutic hypothermia use from 0% to 44% and nearly tripled coronary angiography use. Outcome differences included a 61% improvement in survival across all rhythms and nearly doubled survival among victims with initially shockable rhythms. In short, regionalization affected care and improved important patient-centered measures. Critics will argue that the study by Spaite et al cannot demonstrate the effectiveness of regionalized postarrest care, notably because of the limits inherent in before-after designs, including the effect of secular trends and unmeasured confounders that could magnify the observed outcome effects.
Nonuniform image reconstruction using multilevel surface interpolation

This paper describes a fast algorithm for nonuniform image reconstruction. A multiresolution approach is formulated to compute a C/sup 2/-continuous surface through a set of irregularly spaced samples. The algorithm makes use of a coarse-to-fine hierarchy of control lattices to generate a sequence of surfaces whose sum approaches the desired interpolating surface. Experimental results demonstrate that high fidelity reconstruction is possible from a selected set of sparse and irregular samples.
Immunofluorescent Detection of the Brown Tide Organism, Aureococcus Anophagefferens

“Brown tide” is the name given to a new and serious threat to shellfish and submerged aquatic vegetation resources in the northeastern United States. The first known outbreaks occurred in 1985 in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, in Peconic Bay and other bays of Long Island, and possibly in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey (Anonymous, 1986). Subsequent blooms have occurred in Long Island waters in 1986-1988 as well. The tiny alga responsible for these outbreaks is a previously undescribed chrysophyte recently given the designation Aureococcus anophagefferens, which translates to “golden yellow sphere causing the lack of feeding” (Sieburth et al., 1988). The name derives from one of the major impacts of the brown tide, namely the mortality of high A. anophagefferens concentrations (Bricelj and Siddall, 1986).
Predicting Treatment-Seeking Behavior: Psychometric Properties of a Brief Self-Report Scale

Development of a brief instrument to assess attitudes toward treatment and predict treatment-seeking behavior among out-of-treatment substance misusers is described. Exploratory factor analysis of ...
Detection of DNA Damage in Prokaryotes by Terminal Deoxyribonucleotide Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling

Numerous agents can damage the DNA of prokaryotes in the environment (e.g., reactive oxygen species, irradiation, and secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, enzymes, starvation, etc.). The large number of potential DNA-damaging agents, as well as their diverse modes of action, precludes a simple test of DNA damage based on detection of nucleic acid breakdown products. In this study, free 3'-OH DNA ends, produced by either direct damage or excision DNA repair, were used to assess DNA damage. Terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a procedure in which 3'-OH DNA ends are enzymatically labeled with dUTP-fluorescein isothiocyanate using TdT. Cells labeled by this method can be detected using fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. TUNEL was used to measure hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii and the bacterium Escherichia coli. DNA repair systems were implicated in the hydrogen peroxide-dependent generation of 3'-OH DNA ends by the finding that the protein synthesis inhibitors chloramphenicol and diphtheria toxin blocked TUNEL labeling of E. coli and H. volcanii, respectively. DNA damage induced by UV light and bacteriophage infection was also measured using TUNEL. This methodology should be useful in applications where DNA damage and repair are of interest, including mutant screening and monitoring of DNA damage in the environment.
Myeloarchitectonics of the Primate Caudate-Putamen

In the early era of modern microscopic neuroanatomy, Gerlach, Flechsig, and Freud all developed exquisitely sensitive stains based on aqueous gold chloride which, due to their capriciousness, were completely succeeded by the methods of Weigert and others. We have returned to a variant of the gold chloride myelin stain, modified from the recent method of Schmued (1990), and show this technique reveals fiber-defined striosomes in the primate caudate-putamen.
An Initial Inquiry into the Federal Tax Classification of Series Limited Liability Companies

Series limited liability companies are beginning to rise in popularity and use, despite uncertainties regarding their federal tax classification. This article examines two well-developed series LLC statutes to determine the proper federal tax classification for the LLC itself and for each series organization within it. Based on a closer look at and a comparison between the Delaware and Illinois series LLC acts, the authors determine that, unlike those in Delaware, each Illinois series organization may clearly be treated as a stand-alone business entity for federal tax purposes. To support that position, the authors rely on several factors, including: the statute's declaration that the series is an entity separate from the parent LLC; the nature, characteristics, and powers associated with each series; and the ability to distinguish the series from forms of direct investment by the parent LLC, such as joint business enterprises and investment trusts. Overall, the authors concluded that the Illinois series LLC is both a clearly defined and yet flexible business entity that allows each series to conduct its own business - or possibly function as a component of a larger business - based on the decision of the members of the LLC and of each of its series.
Let the Poor Sue for Refund Without Full Payment

In Flora v. United States, 362 U.S. 145 (1960), the Supreme Court held that 28 USC section 1346(a)(1) requires the full payment of all assessed tax before a refund lawsuit can be maintained in a district court or the Court of Federal Claims. Justice Whittaker, in his dissent (joined by three other Justices), railed against a side consequence of the holding, noting that, under the ruling, "taxpayers who pay assessments in installments would be without remedy to recover early installments that were wrongfully collected should the period of limitations run before the last installment is paid." He thought it "grossly unfair and, to me, shockingly inequitable" to apply the full payment requirement where a taxpayer "is unable to pay the balance within the two-year period of limitations." Since 1960, Congress has overruled the Flora full payment rule in one situation where the rich asked it to: In 1998, in 26 USC section 7422(j), Congress allowed an estate that had elected to pay estate taxes in installment lasting 10 years to bring a refund lawsuit without full payment as long as the estate was current on its installment payments. The author now proposes a similar exception from the full payment rule for the poor - one that would finally end the "shocking inequit[y]": Add a new subsection to the Internal Revenue Code that would allow a taxpayer to maintain a refund lawsuit, even without full payment, if the taxpayer is paying all or part of the remaining uncollected balance of any tax under an installment payment agreement or the IRS has placed the taxpayer into currently not collectible status.
Tell Your Graphics Stack That the Display Is Circular

Computer displays have been mostly rectangular since they were analog. Recently, smart watches running Android Wear have started to embrace circular displays. However, the graphics stack -- from user interface (UI) libraries to GPU to display controller -- is kept oblivious to the display shape for engineering ease and compatibility; it still produces contents for a virtual square region that circumscribes the actual circular display. To understand the implications on resource usage, we have tested eleven Android Wear apps on a cutting edge wearable device and examined the key layers of Android Wear's graphics stack. We have found that while no significant amount of CPU/GPU operations are wasted, the obliviousness incurs excessive memory and display interface traffic, and thus leads to efficiency loss. To minimize such waste, we advocate for a new software layer at the OpenGL interface while keeping the other layers oblivious. Following the idea, we propose a pilot solution that intercepts the OpenGL commands and rewrites the GPU shader programs on-the-fly. Through running a hand-crafted app, we show a reduction in the GPU memory read by up to 22.4%. Overall, our experience suggests that it is both desirable and tractable to adapt the existing graphics stack for circular displays.
SRAM-Based Unique Chip Identifier Techniques

Integrated circuit (IC) identification using unclonable digital fingerprints facilitates the authentication of ICs, device tracking, and cryptographic functions. In this paper, we present two hardware methods exploiting the inherent process-induced mismatch of SRAM cells. The proposed circuits improve upon those previously published by reducing the number of bits that vary from trial to trial, and can be used at times other than just IC power-up. The proposed circuits and methods are compared with the previous power-up approach using the experimental results from a 90-nm test chip. The required SRAM array periphery circuit changes allow the use of standard foundry SRAM cells and do not impact the memory access time.
Abstract B28: Effects of low- versus high-literacy materials on knowledge and risk perceptions regarding cervical dysplasia

B28 Background Health literacy is an important determinant of health status. Developing and evaluating health education materials for low-literate audiences is a priority and critical to helping individuals participate in health care decisions and self-management. However, questions remain as to whether low-literacy materials are appropriate for all audiences. We sought to determine if low-literacy materials would be appropriate and effective in educating individuals at wide ranges of health literacy, or if materials should be tailored to a patient’s health literacy level. Methods Eighty patients returning for follow-up colposcopy appointments were randomized to read a brochure about cervical dysplasia that was written at either a high (8th grade) or low (4th grade) reading level. Before reading the brochure, patients completed assessments of health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, STOFHLA; Rapid Assessment of Adult Literacy in Medicine, REALM), knowledge, and perceived risk. After reading, knowledge, perceived risk, and brochure evaluation assessments were completed. Results Overall, patients had a high level of health literacy (STOFHLA M=70.1, SD=2.3; REALM, 4 patients 7-8th grade level, 76 patients 9th grade level and above). Average knowledge score before reading was 12.9 (SD=2.4) on a 17-point scale. Patients receiving either high- or low-reading level brochures improved their knowledge scores after reading (Mpst = 14.4, SDpst=1.7, p Conclusions Brochures written at low reading levels can improve knowledge about cervical dysplasia, even for patients with high health literacy, and are judged by patients to be similar in quality. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B28.
Mobile Phone Use in Romantic Relationships

ABSTRACTThere is a growing body of research regarding the role of mobile phones in romantic couple communication processes. The purpose of this review is to highlight the state of the literature in this area in terms of positive and negative aspects of the constant contact afforded by mobile phones. We use symbolic interactionism to discuss ways in which mobile phones provide a vehicle of symbol-creating interaction when actors attach and glean meanings from interactions via mobile phones. Text and phone conversations tend to be stripped of many cues often used to decipher meaning in face-to-face interactions. Thus, symbolically, meaning derived from mobile phone use may consist of more than the recordable contents of the conversations. Implications for research are discussed.
Sodium Distribution in Salt-stressed Citrus Rootstock Seedlings

Although citrus trees are considered relatively salt-sensitive, there are consistent differences in Na + and Cl - tolerance among different citrus rootstocks. We grew uniform seedlings of rough lemon (RL) and the more Na + -tolerant Swingle citrumelo (SC) with and without 50 mM NaCl for 42 days. Salinity reduced leaf chlorophyll and plant transpiration rate (Ep) more in RL than SC. Confocal laser scanning analyses using the Na + -specific cell- permeant fluorescent probe CoroNa-Red revealed a higher capacity for Na + sequestration in root tissue vacuoles of SC than in RL roots and that cell walls within the stele acted as Na + traps. In leaves, however, RL had significantly higher Na + -dependent fluorescence than SC. Thus, the sequestration of Na + in root tissue vacuoles and its immobilization by cell walls were key contributing mechanisms enabling SC leaves to maintain lower levels of Na + than RL leaves. Examination of intracellular distribution of CoroNa-Green fluorescence in SC root protoplasts verified a vacuolar localization for Na + in addition to the presence of a 2- to 6-mm unidentified endosomal compartment containing signifi- cantly higher Na + concentrations.
The selection of quantification pipelines for Illumina RNA-seq data using a subsampling approach

RNA sequencing, or RNA-seq for short, is widely applied for extracting gene and transcript expression from biological samples. Given numerous quantification pipelines for RNA-seq data, one fundamental challenge is to identify a pipeline that can produce the most accurate gene and/or transcript expression. Exploring all pipelines requires extensive computational resources, so we propose to use a subsampling approach that can speed up the pipeline evaluation and selection process. We applied our approach to one simulated and two real RNA-seq datasets and found that expression estimates derived from subsampled data are close surrogates for those derived from original data. In addition, the ranking of quantification pipelines based on the subsampled data was highly concordant with that based on the original data. Therefore, we conclude that subsampling is a valid approach to facilitating efficient quantification pipeline selection using RNA-seq data.
Binding and uptake of surfactant protein B by alveolar type II cells

Surfactant protein B (SP-B, mol wt 9,000, reduced) is a low-molecular-weight hydrophobic protein found in organic extracts of lung surfactant. The interaction of iodinated bovine SP-B (125I-SP-B) and isolated rat alveolar type II cells was examined. The association of SP-B with the lung cells was time and temperature dependent; type II cells exhibited time-dependent binding (at 4 degrees C) and uptake (at 37 degrees C) of SP-B. Binding of phospholipid-poor 125I-SP-B was linearly related to the external SP-B concentration from 0.25 to 60 microgram/ml and was not inhibited by a 60-fold excess of unlabeled SP-B. However, the binding of 125I-SP-B reconstituted with bovine surfactant or with phospholipid-containing liposomes occurred through a high-affinity, saturable process and could be inhibited with unlabeled SP-B. By Scatchard analysis, half-maximum binding in the presence of surfactant occurred at 3.1 +/- 0.7 micrograms SP-B/ml. Saturable binding of SP-B reconstituted with surfactant also occurred with other cell types. The results indicate that SP-B was bound and internalized by type II cells. The apparent lack of specificity in the absence of phospholipid may have been due to the self-association of SP-B. The reconstitution of SP-B with phospholipid altered the binding of phospholipid-poor SP-B from a nonspecific process to a high-affinity process consistent with a cell surface binding site.
Abstract 4650: Effect of prescription CYP3A inducers and inhibitors on response to anti-androgen therapy in prostate cancer

Purpose: Prostate cancer affects elderly men who typically have multiple comorbidities requiring concomitant prescription medications, many of which are CYP inducers or inhibitors. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay therapy for treating advanced prostate cancer. Recently we demonstrated that CYP3A5 facilitates the nuclear translocation of androgen receptor (AR), promoting prostate cancer growth. As the mechanisms by which intratumoral CYP3A5 regulates AR in prostate cancer are not well understood, the clinical impact of concomitant drugs on the efficacy of ADT is presently unknown. This work describes a platform for assessing the effects of commonly prescribed drugs known to be CYP3A5 inducers or inhibitors on AR signaling and prostate cancer growth. Methods: We have created a lentiviral LNCaP based reporter system for monitoring changes in AR signaling utilizing a construct comprising a promotor containing AR inducible transcriptional response elements (TREs), fused with firefly luciferase, whereas the negative control (NC) lacks the TREs. We used both a mixed transfected pool and individually selected clones to monitor changes in AR activity. Results: We tested our assay system by inhibiting CYP3A5 gene expression in LNCaP cells using siRNA and then treating it with DHT. Our data indicate that CYP3A5 siRNA reduced DHT induced AR activity significantly as compared to non-target (NT) siRNA. We further tested our reporter system with rifampicin, phenytoin (both CYP3A inducers) and ritonavir, fluoxetine, amiodarone (CYP3A inhibitors). Rifampicin (antibiotic) and phenytoin (anticonvulsant) showed significant (P≤0.05) induction of AR activity as shown by increased luminescence units. Out of the three inhibitors which were tested amiodarone (antiarrhythmic) and ritonavir (antiretroviral) reduced the AR activity by 50% and 80% respectively whereas fluoxetine (antidepressant) did not result in any significant changes. Both amiodarone and ritonavir also inhibited R1881 (artificial androgen) induced AR activity as compared to control. Conclusion: Concomitant medications can alter the AR activity thus modifying the response to ADT therapy in prostate cancer patients. These finding support the notion that an CYP3A inhibitor-rich concomitant medical regimen may provide additional clinical benefit for men undergoing ADT and further support the concept of targeting nuclear translocation as a therapeutic adjunct in ADT. Citation Format: Ranjana Mitra, Oscar B. Goodman Jr. Effect of prescription CYP3A inducers and inhibitors on response to anti-androgen therapy in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4650.
On the Principle of Treating Scientific Understanding as a Whole

We have encountered, in the realm of contemporary scientific knowledge and comprehension, a whole series of new problems that cut across a multiplicity of fields and disciplines. Such problems include, for example, questions of ecology and energy resources; there are also enterprise-management problems, economic planning problems, as well as problems having to do with mass transit in urban areas. People have carried out many investigations and much research on these problems, and when they have applied their understanding to direct them in their work, they have garnered both experiences of success and lessons of failures. These experiences and lessons have taught us that to understand accurately problems of this type, we must follow the correct principle. The principle of integratedness, or the principle of treating things as a whole, is of the utmost importance to contemporary scientific knowledge and understanding. To propose this principle clearly and to develop it systematically has a tremendous signi...
Discordant reporting of nonmedical opioid use

We read with interest the article by Palamar and colleagues (1), published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. The authors aimed to study the prevalence and correlates of discordant ...
Dosing of chemotherapy for solid tumors based on ideal body weight versus actual body weight: Review of a military oncology clinic’s practice.

e17575 Background: Dose-reductions or “capping” of the body surface area (BSA) at 2.0m2 for chemotherapy due to obesity has been widely practiced throughout oncology due to the concerns about AE in...
Protein Phosphorylation Associated with Synaptosomal Membranes of the Pupal Brain of Manduca Sexta

Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions are central to the action of many, if not all, second messengers involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Several protein kinases have been identified that are regulated by second messengers such as Ca2+, cyclic nucleotides, phospholipids, and polyamines. The intracellular levels of these messengers are in turn controlled specifically by various peptide and amine hormones as well as other external stimuli e. g. light and membrane depolarization. Indeed, studies on Aplysia neurons have implicated protein phosphorylation in the regulation of ion channels (Lemos et al, 1985), and causal relationships have been established between protein phosphorylation and neurotransmitter synthesis and release in the mammalian nervous system (Nestler and Greengard, 1984). On the other hand, research on the role of protein phosphorylation in the insect nervous system is almost nonexistent due in large measure to a lack of basic data on the protein kinases and the phosphorylated endogenous substrates in the insect CNS. We report here properties of several protein kinases and their endogenous protein substrates in synaptosomal enriched membranes from the day 1 pupal brain of Manduca.
LRIG1 negatively regulates Met Receptor and suppresses changes associated with HGF stimulation in breast cancer lines

419 The Met receptor, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family that is ubiquitously expressed in epithelial cells, regulates a complex program of cellular behavior collectively known as “invasive growth”. Aberrant activation and overexpression of the Met receptor in human breast cancer has been linked with aggressive tumor behavior and correlates with disease relapse, distant metastases, and decreased survival. Loss of molecules that regulate the Met receptor may cooperate to increase Met signaling. Hence, identification of negative regulators is crucial to understanding Met’s role in human cancer. The leucine-rich repeat protein, LRIG1, has previously been shown to oppose signaling by the Her/ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases through enhanced receptor degradation. Her2, a frequently overexpressed RTK in breast tumors, has been shown to synergize with the Met receptor and promote enhanced invasiveness. Here, we demonstrate that LRIG1 is a negative regulator of the Met receptor. We show that endogenous Met receptor and LRIG1 form a complex in cells and that the functional outcome of this interaction is a destabilization of the Met receptor. The loss of LRIG1 expression, through siRNA knockdown, increases the half-life of endogenous Met by two-fold. LRIG1 overexpression can suppress synergistic increases in motility and growth associated with Met/Her2 synergy. Our results indicate that LRIG1 may be a potent negative regulator of the Met receptor and can regulate multiple RTK’s simultaneously. Consequently, LRIG1 may present an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in tumors driven by Met and LRIG1 loss may have prognostic value.
Saturating Single-Cell Datasets

High throughput methods for profiling the transcriptomes of single cells have recently emerged as transformative approaches for large-scale population surveys of cellular diversity in heterogeneous primary tissues. Efficient generation of such an atlas will depend on sufficient sampling of the diverse cell types while remaining cost-effective to enable a comprehensive examination of organs, developmental stages, and individuals. To examine the relationship between cell number and transcriptional heterogeneity in the context of unbiased cell type classification, we explicitly explored the population structure of a publically available 1.3 million cell dataset from the E18.5 mouse brain. We propose a computational framework for inferring the saturation point of cluster discovery in a single cell mRNA-seq experiment, centered around cluster preservation in downsampled datasets. In addition, we introduce a complexity index, which characterizes the heterogeneity of cells in a given dataset. Using Cajal-Retzius cells as an example of a limited complexity dataset, we explored whether biological distinctions relate to technical clustering. Surprisingly, we found that clustering distinctions carrying biologically interpretable meaning are achieved with far fewer cells (20,000). Together, these findings suggest that most of the biologically interpretable insights from the 1.3 million cells can be recapitulated by analyzing 50,000 randomly selected cells, indicating that instead of profiling few individuals at high cellular coverage, the much anticipated cell atlasing studies may instead benefit from profiling more individuals, or many time points at lower cellular coverage.
Cognitive islands and runaway echo chambers: problems for epistemic dependence on experts

I propose to study one problem for epistemic dependence on experts: how to locate experts on what I will call cognitive islands. Cognitive islands are those domains for knowledge in which expertise is required to evaluate other experts. They exist under two conditions: first, that there is no test for expertise available to the inexpert; and second, that the domain is not linked to another domain with such a test. Plausible candidates for cognitive islands include the moral and aesthetic domains. Cognitive islands are the places where we have the fewest resources for evaluating experts, which makes our expert dependences particularly risky. Some have argued that cognitive islands lead to the complete unusability of expert testimony: that anybody who needs expert advice on a cognitive island will be entirely unable to find it. I argue against this radical form of pessimism, but propose a more moderate alternative. I demonstrate that we have some resources for finding experts on cognitive islands, but that cognitive islands leave us vulnerable to an epistemic trap which I will call runaway echo chambers. In a runaway echo chamber, our inexpertise may lead us to pick out bad experts, which will simply reinforce our mistaken beliefs and sensibilities.
MEMBRANE IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF TELEOST FISH LYMPHOCYTES

ABSTRACT A brief review of lymphocyte surface Igs in fish is presented. This includes consideration of their physicochemical properties, their function, and problems in their detection. An attempt is made to place this information in the context of what is known about specific immune recognition by the lymphocytes of the better-studied higher vertebrates.