cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Berkeley on the Impossibility of Abstracting Primary from Secondary Qualities: Lockean Rejoinders*

Evaluation de l'argument de Berkeley selon lequel les qualites premieres de l'etendue, de la figure et du mouvement, ne peuvent etre abstraites des qualites secondes des idees, qui n'existent que dans l'esprit. A partir d'une reconstruction de la definition des qualites sensibles chez Locke, l'A. montre que l'argument de Berkeley ne parvient pas a refuter la position de Locke.
THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN VISUALLY GUIDED BEHAVIOR.

Abstract Unilateral lesions in the superior colliculus of the cat which do not involve the tegmentum result in two major behavioral signs: an homonymous field defect with complete or relative neglect of stimuli in the visual fields contralateral to the lesion, seen particularly in extinction of the contralateral response when rival stimuli are used; and a motor deficit in appropriate movements of eyes, head and body, expressed in ipsiversive forced circling and an heightened compulsive response to ipsilateral stimuli. These signs are not related to changes in pupils or in accommodation. Associated with these are abnormal responses to contralateral acoustic, tactile and sometimes nociceptive stimuli, appearing primarily as inappropriate localization of the stimuli rather than as changes in sensory threshold. The two major deficits are separable by means of smaller lesions in various parts of the afferent and efferent tectal pathways. Lesions of the tectospinal tract result in the motor deficit without the visual neglect. Involvement of the brachium of the superior colliculus and of parts of the tectothalamic system yield a contralateral visual neglect without the motor deficit. Bilateral collicular lesions result in apparent initial blindness and enduring deficits in visual following, in localization of stationary stimulus objects, in a disability to look up and in poor localization to tactile stimulation of the hind legs. We conclude that the functions of the superior colliculus include that of visual attention and perception as well as the classically accepted control of the movements of head and eyes.
Immunochemical studies on the combining site of the blood group H-specific lectin 1 from Ulex europeus seeds.

Abstract The specificity of purified Ulex lectin I has been studied by quantitative precipitin, quantitative precipitin inhibition, and competitive binding assays using tritium-labeled hog mucin H substance. The lectin is precipitated by human and hog H substances, by human A 2 substances, by a cow substance with A activity, and by B substances of human and horse origin. The lectin did not precipitate with A 1 substances, with Le a substances, with a precursor substance with I activity, or with PI fractions obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of blood group B substance. Ulex lectin I was most specific for the blood group H oligosaccharide HR L 0.75, having the structure l Fucαl ↓ 2 d Galβ1 → 4 d GlcNAcβ1 → 6R; this was determined by inhibition of precipitation of the lectin with a human H substance and by inhibition of the binding of tritiated hog H substance to the Ulex lectin I coupled to Sepharose beads using blood group and milk oligosaccharides as inhibitors. The lectin was also reactive with l Fucα1 → 2 d Galβ1 → 4[ l Fucαl → 3] d GlcNAcβ1 → 6R, 2′-fucosyllactose, lactodifucotetraose, and methyl α l Fuc, all of which had essentially parallel slopes by each assay method. l Fuc and fucosyl oligosaccharides with type 1 chains gave lines of different slopes but had the same range of activity. The Ulex lectin I site differs from the Lotus tetragonolobus site, which does not react at all with H oligosaccharides with the type 1 chain. Inhibition assays using tritiated hog H substance and various oligosaccharides were about 60 to 80 times more sensitive than assays by inhibition of precipitation.
Wright's equation has no solutions of period four

Let N:ℝ→ℝ be a locally Lipschitzian map such that (y + l)N(y)>0 for all y ≠ –1 and such that N(y)=1 + y for – 1 ≦ y ≦ 3. For any positive number α the equation y'(t) αy(t–1)N(y(t)) has, aside from the constantsolutions y(t) ≡ –1, and y(t) ≡–1 solution y(t) such that y(t + 4) = y(t) for all real t If N(y) = 1 + y for all y, one obtains Wright's equation, which isknown to have periodic solutions of minimal period p (depending on α) arbitrarily close to 4. Some results concerning nonexistence of periodic solutions of period 4 of other differential-delay equations are also proved. In all cases the method of proof consists in analysing an associated fourth-order system of ordinary differential equationsand showing that this system has no nonconstant periodic solutions.
Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Part I:

Anterior cruciate ligament tears, common among athletes, are functionally disabling; they predispose the knee to subsequent injuries and the early onset of osteoarthritis. A total of 3810 studies published between January 1994 and the present were identified and reviewed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Part 1 of this article focused on studies pertaining to the biomechanical behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament, the prevalence of and risk factors for injuries related to it, the natural history of the ligament-deficient knee, injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament disruption, indications for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, as well as nonoperative and operative treatments. Part 2 includes technical aspects of anterior cruciate ligament surgery, bone tunnel widening, graft healing, rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the effects of sex, age, and activity level o...
Robust spoken instruction understanding for HRI

Natural human-robot interaction requires different and more robust models of language understanding (NLU) than non-embodied NLU systems. In particular, architectures are required that (1) process language incrementally in order to be able to provide early backchannel feedback to human speakers; (2) use pragmatic contexts throughout the understanding process to infer missing information; and (3) handle the underspecified, fragmentary, or otherwise ungrammatical utterances that are common in spontaneous speech. In this paper, we describe our attempts at developing an integrated natural language understanding architecture for HRI, and demonstrate its novel capabilities using challenging data collected in human-human interaction experiments.
Superconductivity in Indium Antimonide

Two samples of the metallic phase of indium antimonide were stabilized at atmospheric pressure by cooling semiconductor grade material from 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at a pressure of 27 kbars, and then removing the pressure. Measurements of the magnetic moment of these samples down to 1.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K were made using a sample-motion technique in a uniform magnetic field. Below 1.89\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the samples exhibited bulk superconducting properties, in agreement with previous work. A high-field tail on the magnetization curves and the existence of considerable locked-in flux as the magnetic field was reduced were taken to be indications of a high state of residual strain in the sample. The slope of the critical field curve at 1.89\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K was found to be ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{H}_{c}}{\ensuremath{\partial}T})}_{\mathrm{Tc}}=\ensuremath{-}103$G/\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This is consistent with values found for soft superconductors with similar transition temperatures, and implies a normal state electronic specific heat per ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, which is roughly half that of white tin. White tin has the same average ionic mass as metallic indium antimonide, and presumably the same electronic density.
Hormone receptors in hepatoblastoma: A demonstration of both estrogen and progesterone receptors

A case of mixed hepatoblastoma occurring in a four-year-old girl is described. Light and electron micrographs illustrate a predominant mesenchymal component and a less conspicuous epithelial element. The tumor contained specific cytosolic protein receptors for estrogen and progesterone. The estrogen receptor titer was 10.5 fmol/mg cytosol protein and the progesterone receptor titer was 62.2 fmol/mg cytosol protein.
Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges in the euchromatin and heterochromatin of the Indian muntjac.

The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was determined for the chromosomes (except Y2) of the Indian muntjac stained by the fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) or harlequin chromosome technique. The relative DNA content of each of the chromosomes was also measured by scanning cytophotometry. After growth in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for two DNA replication cycles, SCEs were distributed according to the Poisson formula in each of the chromosomes. The frequency of SCE in each of the chromosomes was directly proportional to DNA content. A more detailed analysis of SCEs was performed for the three morphologically distinguishable regions of the X-autosome composite chromosome. The SCE frequency in the euchromatic long arm and short arm were proportional to the amount of DNA. In contrast, the constitutive heterochromatin in the neck of this chromosome contained far fewer SCEs than expected on the basis of the amount of DNA in this region. A high frequency of SCE, however, was observed at the point junctions between the euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Ion fraction map of He+ scattered from a Si(1 0 0)-(2×1) surface

Abstract Scattering and recoiling imaging spectrometry in the blocking configuration is used to obtain a three-dimensional ion fraction map of 5 keV He + scattered from a Si(1 0 0)-(2×1)-two domain surface. The scattered ion fractions Y are highly sensitive to the alignment of the He + beam with the crystal geometry, with Y varying from a minimum of 2% to a maximum of 10%. Scattering and recoiling imaging code simulations, including Auger-neutralization and charge exchange in the close collision, show that the highest Y values correspond to ions that collide with Si atoms in the outermost surface layers. The experimentally measured fraction of He + surviving as ions from the surface layers are as follows: Y 1st ∼70%, Y 2nd ∼25%, and Y 3rd ∼5%. After fitting the experimental charge fraction with the two adjustable parameters v 0 (characteristic velocity) and P c (charge exchange probability in the close collision) for three blocking exit angles of 35°, 45°, and 55°, good agreement between experiment and simulation was found for v 0 =(1.9±0.1)×10 7 cm/s and P c =0.34±0.09.
A high panel-reactive antibody rescue protocol for cross-match-positive live donor kidney transplants.

Background Alloimmunization can present a virtually insurmountable barrier to kidney transplantation. Past protocols to desensitize patients using plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide have not been broadly applied because of the fear of complications, including high rates of immunologic failure. Methods Fifteen patients with a positive donor-recipient cross-match were desensitized with plasmapheresis to permit live donor (LD) transplantation under newer maintenance immunosuppressants. Pretransplant the patients received plasmapheresis three times weekly for a planned maximum of six treatments, plus intravenous hyperimmune globulin, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Patients who were successfully desensitized and received transplants were given 10 days of OKT3 postoperatively. Results Eleven of the 15 patients became anti-human globulin cross-match-negative after one to five plasmapheresis treatments and underwent LD transplantation. Relatively low initial titers of donor-specific antibody were predictive of successful attainment of a negative cross-match. Few side effects and rejection episodes were observed. All transplant patients remain dialysis-free after 3-26 months of follow-up. Conclusion A positive cross-match is not necessarily a contraindication to LD transplantation, especially for patients with low donor-specific alloantibody titers.
Modulation of Light Waves by High Frequency Oscillations

THE modulation of light trains by high frequency oscillations acting on a Kerr cell has been experimentally verified by Rupp (Zeit. fur Phy., Bd. 47) for the thallium resonance line. The results found by him seemed to agree well with the supposition that the wave form of frequency σ could be represented by an infinite wave train which would be split up into three wave trains of frequency σ + T, t, and σ T, where T is the frequency of the high frequency oscillations. However, results found by me and described below indicate that the modulations may depend on the form of the light impulse.
From Van der Pol to Chua: An introduction to nonlinear dynamics and chaos for second year undergraduates

This work shows how one can obtain Chua's circuit with a cubic nonlinearity from the classic Van der Pol oscillator. The approach helps in progressively advancing from the Hopf bifurcation phenomenon in the Van der Pol oscillator to the period-doubling bifurcations in Chua's circuit. We also place emphasis on mathematical simulation of the dynamic systemand physical circuit realization on a breadboard. This systematic methodology has proved invaluable in explaining the phenomenon of nonlinear dynamics and chaos to the curious undergraduate. The student is assumed to have a background in basic differential equations (equilibrium points, stability, linearization) and DC circuit theory. This paper is written with the student in mind. A student should be able to use this paper as a “two week lab manual” in an undergraduate course on nonlinear dynamcis and chaos
The Macintosh as a user-friendly laboratory for perception and cognition

We present a radically user-friendly Macintosh laboratory, MindLab, for instruction in perception and cognition. MindLab’s forte is its ability to display pictorial stimuli, including digitized photographs, transferred via the clipboard from Macintosh graphics applications. An experiment is programmed by specifying sequences of event primitives, represented by icons, to which stimuli, temporal parameters, and feedback options are assigned.
Sulfonatocalix[8]arene as a Potential Reaction Cavity: Photo- and Electro-active Dicationic Guests Arrest Conformational Equilibrium

Smaller members of water-soluble sulfonated calixarenes have been extensively explored in the context of host-guest complexation, supramolecular chemistry, and potential sensors. However, larger members especially eight-membered calixarene (CA[8]) has received much less attention because of its floppy nature and tendency to exist as a mixture of conformational isomers. Our continued interest in identifying molecules with an internal cavity as reaction vessels has led us to examine the host-guest complexation of CA[8] with photoactive bispyridyl ethylenes. We find that 4,4'-bispyridyl ethylene and 3,3'-bispyridyl ethylene upon complexation to CA[8] arrest the conformational equilibrium and force the latter to adopt a single conformation in solution. During complexation, bispyridyl ethylenes are protonated by the sulfonic acid groups of CA[8]. The host-guest complex is stabilized via an electrostatic interaction between the cationic bispyridyl ethylenes and anionic sulfonated calix[8]arene, and we propose the complex to have an inverted capsular structure. This model is also consistent with the electrochemical behavior of 4,4'-dimethylviologen included within CA[8]. Rigidification of bispyridyl ethylenes by the host has a consequence on the excited-state chemistry of the former. Generally, prevalent geometric isomerization of bispyridyl ethylenes are prevented by CA[8] upon complexation.
3-D moveout velocity analysis and parameter estimation for orthorhombic media

Orthorhombic symmetry describes several azimuthally anisotropic models typical for fractured formations, such as those containing two orthogonal crack systems or parallel vertical cracks in a VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) background. Here, we present a methodology for inverting multiazimuth P-wave reflection traveltimes for the parameters of vertically inhomogeneous orthorhombic media. Our approach is based on the general analytic representation of normal‐moveout (NMO) velocity as an ellipse in the horizontal plane. A minimum of three differently oriented common‐midpoint (CMP) lines (or a “wideazimuth” 3-D survey) is needed to reconstruct the ellipse and thus obtain NMO velocity in any azimuthal direction. Then, the orientation and the semiaxes of the NMO ellipse, which are dependent on both anisotropy and heterogeneity, can be inverted for the medium parameters. Our analytic and numerical study shows that for the model of a homogeneous orthorhombic layer above a dipping refle...
Mormon beliefs about land and natural resources, 1847–1877

This paper examines normative Mormon beliefs about land and resources during their first three decades in Utah. It focuses on the implications of their religious teachings for their landscape attitudes, allocation practices, and management, and discusses probable origins of these views. Identification with the ancient Israelites prompted much biblical imagery in Mormon views of the land. They also adopted from the Bible the idea that the landscape was a vehicle through which God rewarded or punished human behavior. They believed that their task was to improve raw wilderness in order to return the earth to an Edenic state. They attempted this restoration through cooperative economic activities and planned settlement programs. The Mormon pioneers believed that land ownership was divine, but that humans could hold stewardships over personal property and natural resources. They were expected to use their resources but not to waste them. The biblically inspired beliefs adopted by the Mormons actually produced a frontier conservation ethic in early Utah. Similarities of some Mormon attitudes towards resources with those of New England Puritans are apparent, although Mormon beliefs were also creative and syncretistic. Mormon conservation principles, however, did not prevent harmful land-use practices by pioneers settling an unfamiliar and fragile environment.
Excess molar enthalpies and excess molar volumes for the binary mixtures of 2-methylpropane, 2-methylpropene, and propan-2-ol at the temperatures (298.15 and 323.15) K and the pressures (5, 10, and 15) MPa

Abstract Excess molar enthalpies H m E and excess molar volumes V m E have been determined for (2-methylpropane + 2-methylpropene). (2-methylpropane + propan-2-ol), and (2-methylpropene + propan-2-ol) at the temperatures (298.15 and 323.15) K and at the pressures (5, 10, and 15) MPa. For (alkane + alkene). H m E and V m E are small and positive for all values of mole fraction x of alkane, with small temperature and pressure coefficients. For (alkane + alkanol) and (alkene + alkanol), the H m E results and the oaks molar heat capacity C p ,m E are large and positive, while V m E ( x ) is s-shaped, changing from negative to positive with increasing mole fraction of the hydrocarbon. Pressure has a small effect on H m E for these systems, but affects V m E by decreasing the magnitudes of the positive and negative regions of the s-shaped curves and shifting the intersection with the abscissa ( V m E = 0) to lower mole fraction of the alkane or alkene with increasing pressure. Comparisons are made among the three systems of the effect of the hydroxyl group and the double bond on H m E ( x ) and V m E ( x ). These systems are also compared with ( n -alkane + n -alkanol) of similar molar masses.
Measurement of energy distribution in flowing hydrogen microwave plasmas

An electrothermal propulsion concept utilizing a microwave plasma system as the mechanism to convert electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy of a flowing gas is investigated. A calorimetry system enclosing a microwave plasma system has been developed to accurately measure the energy inputs and outputs of the microwave plasma system. The rate of energy transferred to the gas can be determined to within + or - 1.8 W from an energy balance around the microwave plasma system. The percentage of the power absorbed by the microwave plasma system transferred to the hydrogen gas as it flows through the system is found to increase with the increasing flow rate, to decrease with the increasing pressure, and to be independent of the absorbed power. An upper bound for the hydrogen gas temperature is estimated from the energy content, heat capacity, and flow rate of the gas stream. A lower bound for an overall heat-transfer coefficient is then calculated, characterizing the energy loss from the hydrogen gas stream to the air cooling of the plasma discharge tube wall. The heat-transfer coefficient is found to increase with the increasing flow rate and pressure and to be independent of the absorbed power. This result indicates that a convective-type mechanism is responsible for the energy transfer.
Assessing Risk of Violence Using Structured Professional Judgment Guidelines

Violence risk assessments are conducted routinely in psychiatric and correctional settings. One method with demonstrated reliability and validity for assessing risk of violence is the structured professional judgment (SPJ) model. In this article, we provide an overview of the SPJ model and a brief review of the empirical literature supporting its use. We present a clinical case example to demonstrate the use of the HCR-20, the most well-researched SPJ tool, with a psychiatric patient being considered for increased hospital privileges and discharge to the community. We conclude with recommendations for clinical practice using an SPJ tool when assessing risk of violence.
Computer-Generated Infrared Imagery for Combat-Vehicle Identification Training:

Development of a computer-based system for generating simulated infrared (IR) imagery is described. The system provides realistic representations of IR targets and backgrounds for training soldiers in combat vehicle identification (CVI). Simulations of several fielded IR sensors enables system users to generate training imagery sets, both snapshots and animated sequences, showing realistic sensor effects. The system is workstation-based and has a user interface that permits a non-expert to generate desired imagery sets from menus of available models and scenarios.
Multilayered coatings with alternate pure Ti and TiN/CrN superlattice

Abstract Multilayered coatings containing alternating layers of pure Ti and TiN/CrN superlattice were deposited with controlled layer thickness and superlattice bilayer period using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering technique. The preferred orientation of the TiN/CrN superlattice constituent was either (1 1 1), (2 0 0) or random depending on the sub-structure between the Ti and superlattice layers. Nano-indentation testing showed that mechanical properties of the coatings varied with the bilayer period, crystallographic orientation and volume fraction of superlattice layers in the coatings. For the same bilayer period and superlattice volume fraction, coatings with (2 0 0)-oriented superlattice layers were harder than those with randomly and (1 1 1)-oriented superlattices. Scratch testing revealed severe interfacial failure between coating/substrate and superlattice/Ti layers. Due to the brittle nature of the superlattice layers and weak interfacial strength, these multilayered coatings exhibited poor performance in erosion testing involving high-speed particle impingements, which caused extensive cracking and localized interfacial detachments between the coating and substrate and between the superlattice and pure Ti layers.
The correlates of consultation: American academics in “the real world”

More than one-third of American academics perform consulting services for fees. Academics who consult have been criticized by persons who believe that they become less effective members of the academy, and that their consulting activity is generally detrimental to the health of the academic community. This paper begins to address that issue by analyzing data collected through a sample survey of American college and university teachers. The extent to which American academics consult, the types of consulting in which they are engaged, and the characteristics of the academics who consult are described. The paid consultant tends to be an academic who is active in a variety of areas. He is a person who publishes more books and articles, who teaches graduate students rather than undergraduate students, and who is both younger and higher in rank than his colleagues.
Directed paths with random phases

Directed Feynman paths in 1 + 1 dimensions that acquire random phases are examined numerically and analytically. This problem is relevant for the behavior of the conductance in two-dimensional amorphous insulators in the variable-range-hopping regime. Large-scale numerical simulations were performed on a model with short-range correlations. For the scaling of the transverse fluctuations (∼ tν), we obtain ν = 0.68 ± 0.025; and for the r.m.s free-energy fluctuations (∼ tω), we obtain ω = 0.335 ± 0.01. Up to 100 000 random samples were used for times as large as 2000. These results seem to exclude a recent conjecture that ν = 34 and ω = 12. Two versions of a model with long-range correlations are solved and shown to yield ν = 12; a physical explanation is given.
EFFECT OF THYROTROPIN ON THE WEIGHT, PROTEIN, RIBONUCLEIC ACID, AND THE RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF CHICK THYROIDS.

A single injection of 0.020 U of thyrotropin (TSH) was given 2, 6, 12, 18 or 24 hr before autopsy to day-old chicks. The dry weight of the thyroids and the total thyroidal protein were significantly decreased by 2 hr after TSH stimulation. The total ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the thyroids was significantly increased by 12 hr after TSH administration. The 32P incorporation into the whole thyroid gland, the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble, the ethyl alcohol soluble, the RNA and the TCA precipitate fractions of thyroids was increased by TSH treatment. The greatest and earliest increase was in the TCA soluble fraction, and, as 32P was lost from this fraction, it increased in the other fractions of stimulated glands. The 32P uptake into subcellular components such as nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes was significantly increased by at least 12 hr after TSH injection, but the 100,000 g supernatant of thyroids showed a significantly increased uptake by 2 hr after TSH. This was the most heavily labeled cellula...
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF URETHRAL TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA IN TEN DOGS

The mucosal margin of the urethra is best assessed by positive contrast urethrography, but ultrasonography offers complementary information such as urethral wall thickness and size of medial iliac lymph nodes. Ultrasonography of the urethra is quick, noninvasive and does not require sedation or general anesthesia. In patients with complete urethral obstruction, ultrasonography may be the only way to image the urethra. Twelve dogs which were presented to Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine with clinical signs referable to the urinary bladder, urethra or vagina were examined ultrasonographically. Seven were neutered females and five were neutered males. Each dog had a hyperechoic, nonshadowing line at the epithelial surface of the proximal urethra. In the seven female patients and one of the males, the urethral wall was also thick and hypoechoic to surrounding tissue. In the other males, the urethral epithelial changes were at the level of the prostate, and the limits of the urethra were not visible. In six dogs, the urethral change was the only abnormality seen, while in six, bladder wall, bladder luminal and/or prostatic parenchymal changes were also detected. Three patients had hydronephrosis, and one had enlarged medial iliac lyumph nodes. Biopsies were obtained via suction with urinary catheterization (n = 6), exploratory celiotomy (n = 3), urethroscopy (n = 2), or at post-mortem (n = 1). A histopathologic diagnosis of urethral transitional cell carcinoma was obtained in ten dogs. The ultrasonographic appearance was not pathognomonic for transitional cell carcinoma, as one dog with transitional cell dysplasia and one dog with severe ulcerative and necrosupperative cystitis and urethral stricture had similar findings.
A model of the holographic principle: Randomness and additional dimension

In recent years an idea has emerged that a system in a 3-dimensional space can be described from an information point of view by a system on its 2-dimensional boundary. This mysterious correspondence is called the Holographic Principle and has had profound effects in string theory and our perception of space–time. In this note we describe a purely mathematical model of the Holographic Principle using ideas from nonlinear dynamical systems theory. We show that a random map on the surface S2 of a 3-dimensional open ball B has a natural counterpart in B, and the two maps acting in different dimensional spaces have the same entropy. We can reverse this construction if we start with a special 3-dimensional map in B called a skew product. The key idea is to use the randomness, as imbedded in the parameter of the 2-dimensional random map, to define a third dimension. The main result shows that if we start with an arbitrary dynamical system in B with entropy E we can construct a random map on S2 whose entropy is arbitrarily close to E.
Aortopulmonary Fistula After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement

A 22-year-old man with a history of a Ross procedure underwent successful transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement with a 26-mm Edwards SAPIEN valve (Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Irvine, CA) for progressive conduit dysfunction. The homograft (27 mm), placed 5 years previously, was heavily calcified with a minimum diameter of 9 mm. After demonstration of remote coronary artery position confirmed with a 24-mm Amplatzer sizing balloon (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN), prestenting was performed with 2 P4010 stents (Cordis Corporation, Miami Lakes, FL), the first of which was covered along its entire length with expandable polytetrafluoroethylene. With wire position in the left pulmonary artery, the initial stent was mounted on an 18-mm BiB catheter (NuMed Inc, Hopkinton, NY) with postdilation with a 22-mm Atlas balloon (Bard Peripheral Vascular Inc, Tempe, AZ) to 12 atm. The second stent delivered because of recoil of the first was deployed on a 22-mm BiB with postdilation with a 24-mm Atlas (12 atm). The 26-mm valve was deployed with on a 30-mm-long balloon inflated to 5 atm after delivery with a 24 Fr Retroflex system (Edwards Lifesciences …
Long‐Term Plateletpheresis in the Management of Primary Thrombocytosis

We attempted to control the platelet count of a patient with primary thrombocytosis utilizing long-term plateletpheresis therapy. The patient previously could not be controlled with chemotherapy, because of rapid development of leukopenia. Although intensive pheresis at the rate of four to five procedures per week produced rapid lowering of the patient's platelet count, continued therapy at the rate of two to three procedures a week failed to maintain these counts, and platelets gradually rose to pretreatment levels. We conclude that while plateletpheresis can produce acute lowering of elevated platelet counts, the rate of platelet production in primary thrombocytosis may be too rapid to allow for long-term control by pheresis alone, utilizing an acceptable treatment schedule of one of three procedures per week.
Business: Developing a Marketing Plan: Initial Considerations

Marketing might not be a topic that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) find themselves thinking about on a daily basis. However, marketing impacts our profession in a variety of ways. Marketing en...
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonates and Selective Hippocampal Injury on Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract Background Hippocampal injury is most often observed in conjunction with basal ganglia injury after hypoxia-ischemia in term newborns. Objective was to determine perinatal characteristics leading to selective hippocampal injury vs basal ganglia injury on diffusion-weighted imaging in term encephalopathic infants following intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia treated with selective head cooling and to correlate specific injury to subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods Retrospective chart review of obstetric and/or perinatal risk factors and patient characteristics in term infants treated with selective head cooling. All infants met standard enrollment criteria for cooling. MRI was obtained at a median of 7 days of life. Abnormal outcome was defined as spastic quadriplegia, cognitive delay, both, or death. Results Fifty-seven infants were included for analysis. Diffusion-weighted imaging findings included normal (n = 31), basal ganglia injury (n = 16), and selective hippocampal injury (n = 10). No differences in gestational age, birth weight, sex, or labor complications between groups. More infants in the basal ganglia vs hippocampal group required delivery room cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( P = 0.05), exhibited persistent severe acidosis, severe amplitude electroencephalography suppression, and encephalopathy at birth ( P P = 0.0001). Conclusions Infants with hippocampal injury on diffusion-weighted imaging recovered from an intrapartum asphyxial insult more rapidly as reflected by an earlier correction of acid-base status, were less likely to need cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and were less severely encephalopathic. These findings highlight the exquisite vulnerability of the hippocampus to acute hypoxia unaffected by selective head cooling, whereas the normal appearance of the basal ganglia in these infants suggests a neuroprotective effect of cooling.
Calculation of the electromagnetic field behind a building, based on the equivalence principle

The electromagnetic field behind buildings is calculated by making use of the equivalence principle in two-dimensional environments. We derive equivalent currents on the building walls and other boundaries. The electromagnetic field at a receiver behind the building is calculated from those currents. We also visualize the Poynting vector field strength behind the building, which makes clear how the field is reflected or diffracted around the top of the building. We compare our result with a knife-edge model and a ray-tracing model, and we confirm that the equivalence principle provides predictions of the fields accurately. The calculation method is applied to multiple buildings by using it consecutively to obtain the field behind the last building.
Immobilization of wild ocelots with tiletamine and zolazepam in southern Texas.

Telazol® was used to immobilize nine wild ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) captured in box-traps in southern Texas (USA) between May 1997 and April 1998. Mean (±SD) intramuscular dosage rate of 5.05 (±0.76) mg/ kg produced an induction time of 3.7 ± 1.8 min. Duration of cataleptic anesthesia was 67.4 ± 19.8 min and ocelots stood 50.0 ± 30.7 min after emergence from cataleptic anesthesia. Ocelots recovered to their preinjection condition 129.7 ± 28.8 min after first standing and 250.8 ± 55.1 min after initial injection. We observed no adverse reactions to Telazol® aside from minor loss of thermoregulatory control. Telazol® administered at 5 mg/kg was an effective and safe immobilizing agent for wild ocelots.
An economic analysis of guns, crime, and gun control

A model is posited in which guns are demanded for recreation, self-protection, or criminal purposes, and in which crime is supplied. Crime rates influence guns demanded for self-protection, and guns demanded by criminals depend upon guns held by law-abiding citizens. Comparative static analysis was used to investigate the effects of crime and gun control policies, including laws that permit citizens to carry concealed handguns for self-protection.
Distributed feedback lasers in chiral media

The combined effects of chirality and gain (or loss) on wave propagation and coupling in periodic structures is investigated here. The focus is on distributed feedback (DFB) lasers in a transversely unbounded periodic slab with spatially modulated electromagnetic parameters. The analysis uses a coupled-mode approach employing a canonical physical model of chiral materials to predict the effects of modulated chirality admittance on DFB lasers. Results for DFB laser behavior in chiral media are compared and contrasted to that in achiral media. It is found that, under certain circumstances, the electric and magnetic field coupling, which is characteristic of chiral materials, results in a lower threshold gain for DFB lasers in media with a given index of refraction and characteristic impedance. It is also found that chiral index-coupled or gain-coupled DFB lasers exhibit the same spectral mode properties as achiral DFB lasers. >
The analysis of EEG texture content for seizure prediction

Texture features have been among major tools in image analysis field for decades. Their applications in various computerized biomedical image processing teak advantage of the fact that computers are better than human observers at analyzing second order statistics. The attempt to make use of a similar approach to provide additional insight into EEG pattern recognition was presented by A. Petrosian et al. (Annual Meeting of the American EEG Society, New Orleans, LA, USA, p.88, Oct. 10-15, 1993). This study represents further development of suggested methods in recognition of different interictal, preictal, ictal, and postictal stages from EEG recordings. Practical application that is relevant to this study includes prediction of epileptic activity in patients before an actual seizure occurs. Although this study is preliminary and was carried out on the data obtained from one patient, the results showed feasibility of using signal texture information for distinguishing different abnormal patterns. >
Field Experiences in Teacher Education: Considerations and Recommendations:

Field experiences have emerged as a critical dimension to the teacher prep aration process. indeed, in recent years much has been written regarding the efficacy and effects of field experience invo...
Selenium and its redox speciation in rainwater from sites of Valparaı́so region in Chile, impacted by mining activities of copper ores

The determination of the total concentration of selenium does not provide sufficient information about its toxicity and its bioavailability. The determination of its chemical forms is the basis for understanding the biogeochemical cycle in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and for detecting the species which might be toxic to biota. In this work we describe an analytical procedure to carry out the redox speciation of selenium present at ultratrace levels in rainwater from sites of Valparaiso region in Chile, impacted by mining activities of copper ores. A simple preconcentration step of the rainwater sample on a rotavapor system, in vacuum at low temperature permits the concentration of the different redox selenium species until levels quantifiable by sensitive techniques such as differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry or by spectrometric techniques, based on the hydride generation and detection by atomic absorption or atomic fluorescence spectrometry. These techniques coupled to redox chemical reactions allow the redox speciation of selenium. The results show that the open evaporation system can be used to concentrate water samples when the aim of the analysis is the determination of the total selenium concentration. On the contrary, to carry out its redox speciation only the preconcentration performed on rotavapor system, in vacuum can be used. When synthetic solutions containing different redox species of selenium, at ultratrace levels, were slowly evaporated on open system, Se(II) and Se(IV) were oxidized. The optimized procedure was then applied to the selenium determination and its redox speciation in rainwater samples collected in sites impacted by mining activities of copper ores. It was found that the amounts of total selenium in rainwater, as copper, from Puchuncavi valley decrease exponentially with the distance from the source, indicating that these elements in this region arise from the industrial complex Las Ventanas. In the redox speciation of selenium, Se(IV) and Se(VI) were the species found in all rainwater samples analyzed, providing selenium in species which are most favorable for their uptake by the vegetation grown in these soils.
Characterization of Passage-Selected Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains of Diverse Parental Backgrounds

A series of 12 Staphylococcus aureus strains of various genetic backgrounds, methicillin resistance levels, and autolytic activities were subjected to selection for the glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) susceptibility phenotype on increasing concentrations of vancomycin. Six strains acquired the phenotype rapidly, two did so slowly, and four failed to do so. The vancomycin MICs for the GISA strains ranged from 4 to 16 μg/ml, were stable to 20 nonselective passages, and expressed resistance homogeneously. Neither ease of acquisition of the GISA phenotype nor the MIC attained correlated with methicillin resistance hetero- versus homogeneity or autolytic deficiency or sufficiency. Oxacillin MICs were generally unchanged between parent and GISA strains, although the mec members of both isogenic methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant pairs acquired the GISA phenotype more rapidly and to higher MICs than did their susceptible counterparts. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the GISA strains appeared normal in the absence of vancomycin but had thickened and diffuse cell walls when grown with vancomycin at one-half the MIC. Common features among GISAs were reduced doubling times, decreased lysostaphin susceptibilities, and reduced whole-cell and zymographic autolytic activities in the absence of vancomycin. This, with surface hydrophobicity differences, indicated that even in the absence of vancomycin the GISA cell walls differed from those of the parents. Autolytic activities were further reduced by the inclusion of vancomycin in whole-cell and zymographic studies. The six least vancomycin-susceptible GISA strains exhibited an increased capacity to remove vancomycin from the medium versus their parent lines. This study suggests that while some elements of the GISA phenotype are strain specific, many are common to the phenotype although their expression is influenced by genetic background. GISA strains with similar glycopeptide MICs may express individual components of the phenotype to different extents.
Implementation of a Diabetes Management Program for Patients in a Rural Primary Care Office

Objective: A diabetes management program was implemented in a rural primary care office for those who did not choose to consult a multidisciplinary specialty care. The purposes of this study were t...
Ultraviolet radiation-induced metallothionein-I gene activation is associated with extensive DNA demethylation

Ultraviolet irradiation (UV) of cadmium-sensitive S49 mouse cells induces a large increase in cadmium-resistant variants. About 30%-40% of these variants make metallothionein (MT)-I mRNA while S49 cells do not. S49 cells contain two copies of the MT-I gene; both alleles are heavily methylated but can be conveniently distinguished by the methylation status of a single Hpa II site. In lines expressing MT-I, one allele becomes completely demethylated at all methylation-sensitive restriction sites examined over at least a 2.5 kb region spanning the MT-I gene. Activation of a quiescent gene by UV has implications for understanding the initiation of carcinogenesis.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF YOGA, BODY AWARENESS, AND BODY RESPONSIVENESS TO SELF-OBJECTIFICATION AND DISORDERED EATING

Study 1 tested whether yoga practice is associated with greater awareness of and responsiveness to bodily sensations, lower self-objectification, greater body satisfaction, and fewer disordered eating attitudes. Three samples of women (43 yoga, 45 aerobic, and 51 nonyoga/nonaerobic practitioners) completed questionnaire measures. As predicted, yoga practitioners reported more favorably on all measures. Body responsiveness, and, to some extent, body awareness significantly explained group differences in self-objectification, body satisfaction, and disordered eating attitudes. The mediating role of body awareness, in addition to body responsiveness, between self-objectification and disordered eating attitudes was also tested as proposed in objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Body responsiveness, but not awareness, mediated the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating attitudes. This finding was replicated in Study 2 in a sample of female undergraduate students. It is concluded that body responsiveness and, to some extent, body awareness are related to self-objectification and its consequences.
On the difference of expected lengths of minimum spanning trees

An exact formula for the expected length of the minimum spanning tree of a connected graph, with independent and identical edge distribution, is given, which generalizes Steele's formula in the uniform case. For a complete graph, the difference of expected lengths between exponential distribution, with rate one, and uniform distribution on the interval (0, 1) is shown to be positive and of rate ζ(3)/n. For wheel graphs, precise values of expected lengths are given via calculations of the associated Tutte polynomials.
STABILITY AND DIVERSITY OF T CELL RECEPTOR REPERTOIRE USAGE DURING LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS INFECTION OF MICE

Numerous studies have examined T cell receptor (TCR) usage of selected virus-specific T cell clones, yet little information is available regarding the stability and diversity of TCR repertoire usage during viral infections. Here, we analyzed the Vbeta8.1 TCR repertoire directly ex vivo by complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) length spectratyping throughout the acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, into memory, and under conditions of T cell clonal exhaustion. The Vbeta8 population represented 30-35% of the LCMV-induced CD8(+) T cells and included T cells recognizing several LCMV-encoded peptides, allowing for a comprehensive study of a multiclonal T cell response against a complex antigen. Genetically identical mice generated remarkably different T cell responses, as reflected by different spectratypes and different TCR sequences in same sized spectratype bands; however, a conserved CDR3 motif was found within some same sized bands. This indicated that meaningful studies on the evolution of the T cell repertoire required longitudinal studies within individual mice. Such longitudinal studies with peripheral blood lymphocyte samples showed that (a) the virus-induced T cell repertoire changes little during the apoptosis period after clearance of the viral antigens; (b) the LCMV infection dramatically skews the host T cell repertoire in the memory state; and (c) continuous selection of the T cell repertoire occurs under conditions of persistent infections.
Novel sandwich immunoassays for the measurement of total and active FGF21

Background: FGF21 is involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Our objective was to develop two novel sandwich immunoassays that measure active and total levels of FGF21 in human plasma. Results: Both immunoassays utilized affinity-optimized monoclonal antibodies generated specifically for either the mid-domain or the intact C-terminus of the respective FGF21 peptides. Total FGF21 levels measured from normal human plasma samples ranged from 42 to 462 pg/ml, while active FGF21 levels ranged from 11 to 399 pg/ml. The data also suggested no significant differences in the concentrations of active FGF21 when measured from pre- and post-prandial samples. Conclusion: We have successfully developed sensitive assays to measure active and total FGF21, which show the majority of total FGF21 in plasma is active FGF21.