cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Sustainable Approach to Advanced Energy and Vehicular Technologies at the University of Kansas

In the fall of 2008, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at The University of Kansas began a hybrid vehicle program as an undergraduate senior design project. The purpose of this class is to ensure that the students leaving the curriculum are learning about advanced energy and vehicular technologies to make them attractive candidates for the new wave of energy related jobs. Future efforts of this project will follow the pathway of the Department of Energy’s Strategic Approach to Energy Security while keeping objectives realistic and costs manageable. From the first meetings with the students, a sustainable architecture was set as the approach to the project. The student’s definition of sustainability draws from others mentioned in the literature and illustrates the application of engineering techniques to solving real-world problems by holistically approaching the situation from five vectors of success: the environment, energy, economics, education and ethics. Each of these concepts individually addresses specific aspects of sustainability, shaped by the confluence of the ideals of people, planet, and prosperity. Moreover, it is through the multi-leveled application of the vectors of success that the students have developed the means to face the challenges of advanced hybrid automotive technologies. This paper describes the hurdles faced by the faculty and students upon starting this hybridization program, illuminating methods to minimize the costs involved with beginning a new vehicular program while maximizing the reward to the students and faculty. In particular, the recycling of an iconic vehicular platform, the Volkswagen Super Beetle, has stimulated enthusiasm in the program while also providing a reasonable baseline vehicle. In addition, the reclamation of such a vehicle is inherently economically and environmentally friendly. This has significantly reduced the start-up expenses of the project by taking advantage of a discarded and underutilized resource. Since a hybrid vehicle is a complex electro-mechanical and aerodynamic system, the success of the program ultimately relies upon building relationships with faculty members across many disciplines. As a result, this paper illustrates novel methods of synergy in order to exemplify how multiple disciplines can work independently, yet with a common goal. Furthermore, this work describes the inclusion of energy technologies often not associated with production vehicles, such as solar and wind power. Finally, the authors demonstrate how the five vectors of sustainability fit within the program to ensure continuing success of the curriculum.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Preparation of steroid heptafluorobutyrates for gas liquid chromatography utilizing vapor phase derivatization.

Abstract A facile and quantitative method for the preparation of steroid heptafluorobutyrates at low temperatures is described. Heptafluorobutyrate (HFB) esters of estrogens adsorbed onto stainless steel gauzes were prepared in the vapor phase during a 2 hour incubation at 45° and an 18 hour incubation at 35° with HFB anhydride and P 2 O 5 . Quantitation of the HFB derivatives of estrogens at the 200 picogram level was achieved using electron capture-gas liquid chromatography.
Assessment of forecasting techniques for solar power production with no exogenous inputs

Abstract We evaluate and compare several forecasting techniques using no exogenous inputs for predicting the solar power output of a 1 MWp, single-axis tracking, photovoltaic power plant operating in Merced, California. The production data used in this work corresponds to hourly averaged power collected from November 2009 to August 2011. Data prior to January 2011 is used to train the several forecasting models for the 1 and 2 h-ahead hourly averaged power output. The methods studied in this work are: Persistent model, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), k-Nearest-Neighbors (kNNs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and ANNs optimized by Genetic Algorithms (GAs/ANN). The accuracy of the models is determined by computing error statistics such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean bias error (MBE), and the coefficient of correlation (R2) for the differences between the forecasted values and the measured values for the period from January to August of 2011. This work also addresses the accuracy of the different methods as a function of the variability of the power output, which depends strongly on seasonal conditions. The findings show that the ANN-based forecasting models perform better than the other forecasting techniques, that substantial improvements can be achieved with a GA optimization of the ANN parameters, and that the accuracy of all models depends strongly on seasonal characteristics of solar variability.
Presence of GAD65 autoantibodies in the serum of children with autism or ADHD

Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) have been detected in the serum of patients with several neurological disorders. The presence of antibodies against GAD65 has not yet been examined in the serum of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, GAD65 antibodies and total IgG were assayed in the serum of normal subjects and patients diagnosed with autism or ADHD. GAD65 antibodies were detected in the serum of 15% of children with autism (N = 20), 27% of children with ADHD (N = 15) and of none of the controls (N = 14). The serum of 60% of autistic and 53% of ADHD patients reacted with Purkinje neurons in mouse cerebellum. Serum from 20% of ADHD patients reacted also with the cells in the molecular and granule cell layers and cells in the vicinity of the Purkinje neurons. No association was found between the titer of GAD65 antibodies and total IgG levels, and presence of seizures or mental retardation. None of the ADHD patients were diagnosed with mental retardation. Serum anti-GAD65 antibodies may be a common marker of subgroups of patients with autism and ADHD. Reactions of serum antibodies with the cells in the cerebellum in these patients suggest direct effects on brain function. The subgroup of children with autism and ADHD that tests positive for GAD65 antibodies needs further characterization in a larger study.
Modelling of combustion and heat transfer in ‘Swiss roll’ micro-scale combustors

A two-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate combustion and heat transfer in ‘Swiss roll’ combustors (SRC). This model couples heat transfer and chemical reaction in the gas and heat diffusion in the conducting walls. The goal of the model is to gain insight into micro-scale combustion to prevent the occurrence of extinction. In the numerical modelling, the ‘Swiss roll’ geometry is unwrapped into a straight channel, with heat recirculation between the unburnt and burnt gas being appropriately taken into account. The simulation is carried out using a fourth-order scheme to discretize the spatial variables, with time integration to steady state, based on a first-order Runge–Kutta scheme. We investigate the extinction mechanisms and heat transfer characteristics in the combustor, and perform parametric studies to examine their effects on combustion and extinction. Numerical predictions of extinction limits agree well with experimental data.
Patient Noncompliance: A Neglected Topic in Dentistry

The fact that the most widespread dental health problems are caries and periodontal disease suggests that patient noncompliance is a critical issue. Skills in motivation and communication must be developed to alter patient behavior.
A Novel Nonlinear Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Solenoid Actuated Butterfly Valves Coupled in Series

In this paper, we focus on a novel nonlinear modeling and dynamic analysis of the actuated butterfly valves coupled in series. The actuated valves used in the chilled water systems of the U.S. Navy and commercial ships, namely, “smart valves,” recently have received much attention when many of them are operating in a complex network. The network regulates the pressure of the pipeline, while several nonlinear torques/forces including the hydrodynamic and bearing torques and the magnetomotive force affect the performance of each set individually and subsequently the whole system via the couplings among the valves. The contribution of this work is to model such couplings in the presence of the nonlinearities and an applied periodic noise and then carry out dynamic analysis of the valves. We examine the model developed with/without actuation by applying a periodic noise on the upstream valve to capture the couplings among the parameters of both the actuators and valves. This would help us predict the behavior of a particular valve in the network subject to motions of other valves. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4027990]
Surface antigens of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) hemocytes: Occurrence of membrane-associated hemolymph-like factors antigenically related to snail hemoglobin

Abstract A polyvalent antiserum (anti-H PR ) generated in rabbits to cell-free hemolymph from a PR albino (M-line) stock of snail, Biomphalaria glabrata , was employed as a membrane probe to determine if antigens related to snail hemolymph were associated with the surface membranes of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) washed hemocytes from a schistosome-susceptible (PR albino) and refractory (10-R2) stock of B. glabrata . Immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopical analyses revealed a strong cross-reactivity between anti-H PR antibodies and hemocytes from both PR albino and 10-R2 snails indicating the presence of surface-associated hemolymph or hemolymph-like antigens. Hemoglobin isolated from PR albino B. glabrata hemolymph competitively inhibited the binding of anti-H PR to hemocytes suggesting that cross-reactive membrane components were, at least in part, antigenically related to snail hemoglobin. Antigens reactive with antihemolymph antibodies also were resistant to protease treatment. No antigenic differences between PR albino and 10-R2 snail hemocytes could be detected due to the heterospecific nature of the probe antiserum, however, it is believed that the major cross-reactive membrane components, e.g., hemoglobin-like determinants, are shared in common by hemocytes of both snail stocks.
Evaluation of a Revolving Plate Type Biofilter for Use in Recirculated Fish Production and Holding Units

Abstract Based on information gained from a pilot model, two identical revolving plate filters were designed to be evaluated for use in a recirculated fish production system. Each unit consisted of a fiberglass tank containing 787 liters of water; a biofilter having 60 plates, each 51 cm in diameter, rotated at 6 rpm; and a settling tank. The total water volume in each unit was 1,132 liters. Water was continuously passed through the filter at a rate of 9 liters/min, and fresh water was added to the fish tank at a rate of 0.45 to 0.72 liters/min. In a trial designed to determine loading rate, it was found that each of the units could support at least 45 g of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) per liter of the total volume of water in the system, and approximately 2 kg/m2 of surface area of the filter. By extrapolation, carrying capacity on the basis of fresh-water flush was 71 to 113 kg/liter/min. In a growth trial, the fish in both units grew at an acceptable rate for the temperature at which they were...
Moralization of attachment: a fourth domain of conscience functioning.

ABSTRACT Objectives To define discrete developmental levels of understanding regarding the ways in which normal children and adolescents link remembered and current attachment experiences to their moral belief system and to study the correlation between this progression and previously identified stages of conscience conceptualization. Method Using the moralization of attachment section from the semistructured Stilwell Conscience Interview, 132 normal volunteers between the ages of 5 and 17 years were individually interviewed. Analysis of the interviews resulted in five levels of understanding. Results By analyses of variance and covariance, the five attachment levels showed significant correlation with the five conceptualization stages. Conceptualization stage showed a stronger correlation than age. Conclusions In normal development, moralization of attachment is a domain of conscience functioning which follows a five-level hierarchical developmental progression; first, the child's sense of security and empathic responsiveness become paired with a sense of moral obligation; caretaker rules are then incorporated; an understanding of how empathy modifies strict rule-following develops; idols and ideals are chosen that reflect earlier learning in attachment relationships; finally, a visualization of the self as moral standard-bearer or teacher unfolds. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1997, 36(8):1140–1147.
Formation of amine groups on the surface of GaN: A method for direct biofunctionalization

Gallium nitride has attracted significant interest as a material for biosensors; however, techniques for biofunctionalizing GaN surfaces have received limited attention. Here, we present a method for producing amine groups directly on GaN surfaces through exposure to a glow discharge plasma fed with humidified air, thereby eliminating the need for complex organic functionalization chemistry. Amine formation is tracked via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by labeling the plasma-formed surface groups with a fluorinated probe that binds specifically to primary amines. These amine groups can subsequently couple covalently to a wide range of biomolecules. The covalent immobilization of a NeutrAvidin layer is demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and fluorescent biotin-binding assays. Finally, we show that plasma exposure times sufficient for the formation of amine groups do not significantly alter the conductivity of the GaN substrate.
Mysticism and scientific naturalism

How, from a scientific standpoint, should we understand mystical experiences? On the one hand such experiences are obviously capable of being studied scientifically. Nevertheless there is a sense in which such experiences often seem strongly opposed to our ordinary scientific views of reality, for they often seem to point to a domain quite outside that examined by naturalistic empirical science. Indeed, this is often precisely what seems to be ‘mystical’ about them. The present essay takes a hard look at specific question of the possible significance of these experiences for scientific naturalism.
Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics

Phylomatic (http://www.phylodiversity.net/phylomatic) is an online phylogenetic query tool where users submit a list of taxa (e.g. from an ecological community), with modern family and genus names, and which returns a phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships among taxa. Any set of stored phylogenies, or a user-supplied one, can be chosen as the basis for the returned phylogeny, and several output formats for the tree can be selected. Currently, the source databases cover seed plants.
Detection and management of dyslipidemias in the psychiatric patient population

Abstract Coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts annually for half of all deaths in the United States. The morbidity and mortaility of CHD can be reduced with early and aggressive treatment. Mentally illnesses are at special risk because of their associated higher rates of smoking compared with the general population. Risk factor modification is a necessary component of the treatment plan and includes smoking cessation, weight reduction, increased physical activity, or a combination of these. Using guidelines set forth by the National Cholesterol Education Program, psychiatric physicians can screen for patients with elevated cholesterol, provide education or methods to modify risk factors, initiate cholesterol-lowering therapy, and monitor patients to ensure that goal low-density lipoprotein is achieved. The clinical outcome anticipated is reduced risk of cardiovascular-related event and decreased cost to the health care system.
Silicon photonic wire biosensor array for multiplexed real-time and label-free molecular detection

We demonstrate a silicon photonic wire waveguide biosensor array chip for the simultaneous monitoring of different molecular binding reactions. The chip is compatible with automated commercial spotting tools and contains a monolithically integrated microfluidic channel for sample delivery. Each array sensor element is a 1.8-mm-long spiral waveguide folded within a 130 microm diameter spot and is incorporated in a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a near temperature independent response. The sensors are arranged in a 400 microm spacing grid pattern and are addressed through cascaded 1x2 optical power splitters using light from a single input fiber. We demonstrate the real-time monitoring of antibody-antigen reactions using complementary and mismatched immunoglobulin G receptor-analyte pairs and bovine serum albumin. The measured level of detection for each sensor element corresponds to a surface coverage of less than 0.3 pg/mm(2).
A longitudinal study of the actor-observer attributional effect

Abstract This study examined the operation of the Jones-Nisbett actor-observer effect—i.e. the tendency for persons to see their actions as due to situational causes while observers of the same actions ascribe them to the actor's personal dispositions—in the natural, non-laboratory environment of everyday interactions over an extended period of time. Subjects were asked to provide trait descriptions of themselves and a close acquiantance over a 3 1 2 week period by choosing five adjectives each, for the self and the other person, from a large list comprised of 200 words which had been rated high on meaningfulness from Anderson's (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 272–279, 1968) list of 555 words scaled for likeableness, on 4 days each week. We assumed that the use of a relatively homogeneous set of trait-adjectives would reflect a more dispositional,trait-like, attribution since it describes the person as relatively consistent over time and, presumably, situations. Conversely, the use of a more heterogeneous set of adjectives would represent attributions to the diversity of situations that the person would likely find himself or herself in over the duration of the study. We thus expected the actor-observer effect to manifest itself in greater trait variability in descriptions of the self than of an acquaintance. Neither a measure of evaluative consistency nor of descriptive consistency yielded greater variability in self-descriptions than in other-descriptions. Because individual differences in a tendency toward the actor-observer attributional effect was a salient feature of our findings, we explored a possible personality correlate of this tendency—self-esteem—and found that those who conformed more to the effect were lower in self-esteem than those conforming to it less. Also, on the measure of descriptive consistency, we found variability in descriptions of the self and of the other person to be positively correlated. The implications of our findings regarding the limiting conditions of the Jones-Nisbett effect were discussed.
Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implications for its evolution

General-circulation-model simulations used to estimate the sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to changes in orbital parameters, the orography of Tibet—Himalaya, atmospheric C02 concentration and the extent of glacial-age surface boundary conditions show that increased elevations and increased summer solar radiation are most effective in strengthening the monsoon. Strong monsoons (similar to today's) can be induced by strong solar forcing only when the elevation is at least half that of today. These conditions may have been attained in the late Miocene.
Glass-ionomer fissure sealant may not be as effective as resin-based sealant in preventing caries.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information A field trial of resin-based and glass-ionomer fissure sealants: clinical and radiographic assessment of caries. Poulsen, S., L. Laurberg, et al. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol (2006) 34(1): 36-40. Level of Evidence 1b Purpose/Question To compare caries-preventive effect of a resin-based sealant (Delton®) and a glass-ionomer sealant (Fuji III ® ). Source of Funding Industry (Colgate-Palmolive Inc, Denmark) Type of Study/Design Quasi-randomized (split mouth) trial
Bedside intravascular ultrasound-guided vena cava filter placement.

OBJECTIVE Several reports have demonstrated the efficacy of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) placement with intravascular ultrasound guidance (IVUS). The majority of these procedures,however, have been done in concert with contrast venography and/or fluoroscopic guidance. The purpose of this report was to evaluate the potential for bedside IVCF placement with "real-time" IVUS guidance only. DESIGN OF STUDY In a phase I trial, 10 patients underwent IVUS interrogation of the IVC for diameter measurements and localization of the renal veins. Contrast venography verified the IVUS findings prior to filter deployment. In a phase II trial, another 35 patients underwent intensive care unit bedside placement of an IVC filter with only "real time" IVUS guidance using a double puncture technique in the same femoral vein. All patients underwent color-flow ultrasonography of the femoral veins after filter placement to rule out post procedure femoral vein thrombosis and plain radiographs of the abdomen to identify filter location. RESULTS In the phase I trial, all filters were placed within 15 mm of the most inferior renal vein identified by IVUS. There were no complications, and successful filter placement was verified by contrast venography. In phase II, 33 IVCFs were placed without complications at approximately the L2 level by plain radiograph. One patient had an IVCF deployed in the common iliac vein, which necessitated placement of an uneventful second IVCF at the infrarenal location by IVUS. This same patient had a femoral deep venous thrombosis identified by postoperative duplex ultrasonography. A second patient had IVC thrombus identified by IVUS, and placement was performed with contrast venography in the fluoroscopy suite. IVC measurements ranged from 18-28 mm in diameter. CONCLUSIONS IVUS accurately measures the IVC diameter and localizes the renal veins, allowing for exact placement of IVCFs. IVUS further avoids the need for contrast agents and for transport of critically ill patients. Bedside insertion of an IVcF with IVUS guidance is simple, safe, and accurate. Further assessment of this technique is warranted.
Captive female gorilla agonistic relationships with clumped defendable food resources

Minimal feeding competition among female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) has resulted in egalitarian social relationships with poorly defined agonistic dominance hierarchies. Thus, gorillas are generally viewed as non-competitive egalitarian folivores that have had little need to develop effective competitive strategies to access food resources. However, this generalization is inconsistent with more recent research indicating that most gorillas are frugivorous, feeding on patchily distributed food resources. The current study at Howletts Wild Animal Park, Kent, England, explores the effects of clumped and defendable foods on female gorilla agonistic relationships among three groups of western lowland gorillas (G. g. gorilla), conditions that are predicted to lead to well-differentiated agonistic dominance hierarchies among female primates. The Howletts gorillas foraged all day on low-energy/-nutrient, high-fiber foods widely distributed around their enclosure by the keepers. However, they also had periodic access to high-energy foods (e.g., nuts, raisins, strawberries, etc.) that the keepers would spread in a clumped and defendable patch. Frequencies of agonistic and submissive behaviors between females and proximity data were gathered. High-status females were found to monopolize the food patch and kept the low-status females at bay with cough-grunt threat vocalizations or by chasing them away. Agonistic interactions were initiated mostly by females of high status; these were directed towards females of low status and were generally not reciprocal. In addition, females of low status engaged in submissive behaviors the most often, which they directed primarily at females of high status, especially in response to aggression by the latter. Agonistic interactions between high- and low-status females had decided outcomes more often than not, with low-status females the losers. Competition over highly desirable foods distributed in defendable clumps at Howletts appears to have led to well-defined dominance relationships among these female gorillas.
The Role of Light Duty Vehicles in Future Air Pollution: A Case Study of Sacramento

Abstract On-road light-duty vehicles (LDVs) play an important role in contributing to urban air pollution. Although vehicles are getting cleaner, regional growth in vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled would somewhat offset California's efforts in transportation pollution reduction. To better understand the role of LDVs in future air pollution, we conduct a case study for Sacramento, California, and investigate future trends in urban air pollution attributable to the light-duty fleet. Results indicate that ambient concentrations of CO, NO x , and total organic gases (TOGs) caused by future light-duty fleets would dramatically decrease over coming years. The resulting concentrations in 2030 might be as low as approximately 20% of the 2005 concentrations. These reflect the improvements in vehicle/fuel technologies and standards in California. However, the future particulate matter (PM10) pollution could be slightly worse than that caused by the 2005 fleet. This is a result of the growing fleet-aver...
The Significance of Tritium Releases to the Environment

Tritium is produced naturally and was present in low concentrations in precipitation and natural bodies of water before atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. Other sources of tritium are now present from which tritium is released to the environment. Nuclear reactor tritium production, according to recent estimates, will equal natural tritium production before the year 2000. Predicted increases of tritium in the environment will take place first on a local ecological level and then appear on a biospheric level. Tritium introduced into the environment as THO will move through ecological systems in the same manner as stable water. Tritium will enter the hydrologic cycle either via evapo-transpiration or the surface bodies of water. Ecological experiments have been conducted to determine the movement of tritium in the environment. Field-grown plants were exposed to liquid and vapor THO for periods of one-half and one hours. Tritium concentrations were determined in leaf samples collected after exposure for periods of time up to 45 days. Tritium decays rapidly in the plant species studied and exhibited a three component half-life when plants were exposed to THO vapor. The length of exposure, and sources of THO in the soil affect the half-time of tritium in the plant tissues. Data produced in ecological experiments on tritium movement are used in a theoretical consideration of acute and chronic vapor releases of tritium in an agricultural environment.
From Liquid Paper to Typewriters: Some Historical Perspectives on Technology in the Classroom.

Abstract This article argues that one of the best ways that teachers can cope with new technology is by relating innovative uses of technology to old uses of technology. Two examples are offered: The impact of laser printers on the form of student writing is compared to the earlier impact of liquid paper, and the impact of computer-supported classrooms is compared to earlier efforts to use letterpress printing to support literacy instruction and to bring typewriters into the classroom.
Strategic Selection of Legal Instruments on the U.S. Supreme Court

I examine and empirically test a central assumption of strategic models of Supreme Court behavior. Specifically, I consider whether the Court selects legal instruments used in the majority opinions...
In-situ observation of small-angle X-ray scattering by dislocations

Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering by dislocations in single-crystal aluminum has been observed in situ as a function of plastic deformation. The scattering is strongly dependent upon sample orientation, with single dislocations, dislocation dipoles, and the dislocation distribution within walls each exhibiting distinct scattering profiles. Among the microstructural features that have been observed are: the correlations between the ordered fraction of dislocations, the presence of dislocation dipoles, the increasing dislocation content with increasing strain, and the decreasing width of the interface between dislocation walls and the surrounding nearly-dislocation-free material with increasing deformation.
Carry-over effect of captive breeding reduces reproductive fitness of wild-born descendants in the wild

Supplementation of wild populations with captive-bred organisms is a common practice for conservation of threatened wild populations. Yet it is largely unknown whether such programmes actually help population size recovery. While a negative genetic effect of captive breeding that decreases fitness of captive-bred organisms has been detected, there is no direct evidence for a carry-over effect of captive breeding in their wild-born descendants, which would drag down the fitness of the wild population in subsequent generations. In this study, we use genetic parentage assignments to reconstruct a pedigree and estimate reproductive fitness of the wild-born descendants of captive-bred parents in a supplemented population of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The estimated fitness varied among years, but overall relative reproductive fitness was only 37 per cent in wild-born fish from two captive-bred parents and 87 per cent in those from one captive-bred and one wild parent (relative to those from two wild parents). Our results suggest a significant carry-over effect of captive breeding, which has negative influence on the size of the wild population in the generation after supplementation. In this population, the population fitness could have been 8 per cent higher if there was no carry-over effect during the study period.
Growth factors spawn new cell cultures

Heparin-affinity chromatography allows the isolation and chemical definition of a family of hormone-like polypeptide growth factors that support several important cell types in defined culture conditions.
A Consistent, Moment-Based, Multiscale Solution Approach for Thermal Radiative Transfer Problems

We present an efficient numerical algorithm for solving the time-dependent grey thermal radiative transfer (TRT) equations. The algorithm utilizes the first two angular moments of the TRT equations (Quasi-diffusion (QD)) together with the material temperature equation to form a nonlinear low-order (LO) system. The LO system is solved via the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method. The combined high-order (HO) TRT and LO-QD system is used to bridge the diffusion and transport scales. In addition, a “consistency” term is introduced to make the truncation error in the LO system identical to the truncation error in the HO equation. The derivation of the consistency term is rather general; therefore, it can be extended to a variety of spatial and temporal discretizations.
Determination of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

The presence of ventricular arrhythmias mark an individual with underlying structural heart disease as a candidate at high risk for sudden cardiac death. It is still unknown whether suppression of those ventricular arrhythmias by all drugs will in fact prevent sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the efficacy of an antiarrhythmic drug at present must be defined as only its pharmacologic activity that relates to its ability to reduce the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias rather than to a potential beneficial effect on patient outcome. Ventricular arrhythmias can be differentiated using a prognostic classification into those that are benign, potentially lethal, or lethal. Benign and potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias undergo a high degree of spontaneous variability, and therefore the degree of frequency suppression needed to differentiate drug suppression from spontaneous variability must be carefully considered. It therefore is important to establish the mean ventricular premature complex frequency per hour over at least 24 hours at baseline using quantitative continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring. To eliminate spontaneous variability, a repeat Holter monitoring session after the initiated therapy has reached steady state should show at least a 75% reduction in the mean VPC/hr frequency and at least a 90% suppression in the number of beats in the form of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT).
Diethylaminoethyl cellulose–epoxide reactions†

Reactions of various monoepoxides and diepoxides with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose in the absence and presence of external catalysts have been studied. In the absence of additional catalysts, many epoxides which did not react with the unmodified cotton reacted with DEAE-cotton. Others, which reacted with unmodified cotton in the presence of external bases, imparted different properties when catalyzed by the builtin tertiary amino groups of DEAE-cotton. For example, epichlorohydrin reacted with DEAE-cotton to produce a fabric with excellent conditioned recovery, good wet recovery, and strong-base anion exchange properties. The same epoxide imparted only wet crease recovery to cotton when the reaction was catalyzed by external bases. Phenyl glycidyl ether and styrene oxide reacted with DEAE-cotton to produce a fabric with twentyfold improvement in resistance to flex abrasion. With 8% aqueous NaOH as an external catalyst, the DEAE-cotton displayed greater reactivity with all epoxides than did the unmodified fabric. DEAE-cotton–diepoxide reactions with added base catalyst generally resulted in a decrease in the conditioned recovery angle and an increase in the wet recovery angle. When Zn(BF4)2 was used as an additional catalyst, again the DEAE fabrics displayed the greater reactivity toward the monoepoxides; but the unmodified cotton was more reactive toward the diepoxides than was the DEAE-cotton. The Zn (BF4)2–monoepoxide-treated DEAE fabrics had higher wet recovery angles but lower dry recovery angles than the corresponding epoxide-finished control cottons. Butadiene diepoxide was the only diepoxide investigated which imparted higher dry recovery angles to the DEAE-cotton than to the unmodified cotton control in the presence of Zn(BF4)2. Tertiary amino groups in DEAE-cottons act as an internal catalyst for the opening of the oxirane rings, direct the site for reaction in the absence of additional catalysts, and react with some epoxides to form quaternary nitrogen groups.
Oxygen transport in heterogeneous tissue

Two heterogeneous models are proposed for the theoretical study of oxygen transport in tissues. The first model is composed of alternating layers of cellular and extracellular materials in series. The second model is composed of these layers in parallel. For comparison, a modified model of heterogeneous tissue first suggested by Hills is also considered. Mathematical expressions for the ratio of extracellular permeability to cellular permeability are derived. Existing experimental data are applied to each of the models and the permeability ratio (Ke/Kc) is found to have an order of magnitude 10 based on the layered models and 103 based on the non-layered model. It is believed that true degree of heterogeneity is better represented by the value 10 than 103.
Communication of Organizational Strategy and Coordinated Decision Making as Catalysts for Enhanced Perceptions of Corporate Ethical Values in a Financial Services Company

Drawing upon stakeholder theory and other interactional perspectives, this study explores the linkages among strategy communication, business decisions, and organizational ethics. Using survey data obtained from employees working for a financial services firm operating in the United States, the study determines 1) whether coordinated decision making fully mediates a proposed relationship between the communication of business strategy and employees’ perceptions of corporate ethical values, or 2) whether business strategy communication and coordinated decision making both influence perceived ethical values (partial mediation). Results obtained from structural equation modeling provide strong support for full mediation. The practical/theoretical implications of the findings and future research suggestions are presented.
Trends in a national policy of stream‐management

Quite aside from the distinction of this program as attested by the scientific character of the papers and the eminence of the speakers who are to follow me, it seems clear that your Reporter is determined to make this occasion unique in yet another way. I refer to his originality in proposing that a Symposium on Floods should be inaugurated by a paper dealing with the general subject of stream-management. From time to time there have appeared in the engineering literature of this country, and I dare say in that of other countries also, reports of symposia on various aspects of water-control and use, such as floods, droughts, pollution, power, navigation, etc. That these important subjects are inextricably related hydrologically, economically, and socially must be apparent, but in technical discussions such considerations have heretofore been conspicuous by their absence or by the cursory attention accorded them. Man does not live to himself alone, neither does the hydrologic cycle revolve only'around flood-phenomena. It is gratifying to realize that in your deliberations upon various scientific aspects of floods and flood-control, you propose to retain a broad perspective with relation to other factors affecting the use and regulation of water.
Modeling Undeposited CNTs for CNTFET Operation

The carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) is a promising device to supersede the MOSFET at the end of the technology roadmap of the CMOS. When designing and manufacturing a CNTFET, additional features such as pitch, number, and position of the CNTs must be considered to assess its performance. One of the defect types that can occur when fabricating a CNTFET is the absence of some CNTs following the deposition/growth step. As a result of this type of defect, a CNTFET will show a change in operational characteristics because the drain current, gate capacitance, and delay will be affected due to the lower number of CNTs with uneven spacing between them present in the channel of the transistor. This paper presents a new model by which the drain current, the gate capacitance, and the delay can be found when not all CNTs are deposited on the substrate. This results in an uneven CNT spacing in the channel; new equations are derived and shown to be applicable to both defective and defect-free CNTFETs. The proposed model has been implemented in MATLAB and has been extensively simulated to show that defects due to undeposited CNTs have a significant impact on the operation of a CNTFET. Delay as degradation in performance is shown to be related to both the number and position of the defects; an extensive delay analysis on both deterministic and probabilistic basis is presented.
Jarid2/Jumonji Coordinates Control of PRC2 Enzymatic Activity and Target Gene Occupancy in Pluripotent Cells

Summary Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) regulates key developmental genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells and during development. Here we show that Jarid2/Jumonji, a protein enriched in pluripotent cells and a founding member of the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain protein family, is a PRC2 subunit in ES cells. Genome-wide ChIP-seq analyses of Jarid2, Ezh2, and Suz12 binding reveal that Jarid2 and PRC2 occupy the same genomic regions. We further show that Jarid2 promotes PRC2 recruitment to the target genes while inhibiting PRC2 histone methyltransferase activity, suggesting that it acts as a "molecular rheostat" that finely calibrates PRC2 functions at developmental genes. Using Xenopus laevis as a model we demonstrate that Jarid2 knockdown impairs the induction of gastrulation genes in blastula embryos and results in failure of differentiation. Our findings illuminate a mechanism of histone methylation regulation in pluripotent cells and during early cell-fate transitions.
Web proxy analysis in distributed iSCSI RAIDs

With the popularity of Web services and e-commerce, we have a high demand on data storage. Because of the development of the Internet infrastructure and the low cost of deployment, implementing storage over IP has become a trend. While networked storage brings economy, it also raises performance concern. In a typical distributed Web system, I/O requests from clients users may be satisfied by many different parties along the I/O path from front-end clients to back-end storage systems via proxy and Web servers. To improve the performance, we need to identify the I/O distribution pattern along the path. This paper analyzes the I/O distribution along the I/O path of a distributed iSCSI RAID system by using kernel counters and profiles how the I/O requests are satisfied at different levels of the proxy server and storage system, which is useful to identify the performance bottleneck.
Novel nonlinear control of Dual Active Bridge using simplified converter model

This paper addresses the control of a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter. Closed-loop control of the output voltage is achieved by a novel nonlinear technique that separates the control algorithm into a linearization stage and a linear control law. The resulting DAB is capable of bidirectional power flow, and the transformer isolation makes it suitable for a wide variety of applications. The size of the isolation transformer is greatly reduced due to high-frequency (HF) operation resulting in high power densities. Also, switching losses are reduced since zero-voltage switching (ZVS) takes place over a range of operating conditions. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a 400V-400V, 10-kHz, and 10kW prototype.
Thermal expansion in a constrained elastic cylinder

The stress developed in an elastic cylinder of finite length undergoing thermal expansion with one end clamped is expressed in terms of a series expansion of a biharmonic function, appropriate derivatives of which give the displazements and stresses within the cylinder. The coefficients in this series are determined by a least-squares fit to the boundary conditions at the ends of the cylinder and values of the stress on various surfaces are found as functions of the height-to-radius ratio. All components of the stress tensor become infinite at the circumference on the clamped end. A tabulation is included of quantities of interest in any cylindrical problem in which the curved surface is a free surface.
Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vectors Prime for Strong Cellular Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Gag in Rhesus Macaques

Live attenuated nonpathogenic Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) mediates long-lasting immune responses, has been safely administered as a tuberculosis vaccine to billions of humans, and is affordable to produce as a vaccine vector. These characteristics make it very attractive as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine vector candidate. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity of recombinant BCG (rBCG) constructs with different simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)gag expression cassettes as priming agents followed by a recombinant replication-incompetent New York vaccinia virus (NYVAC) boost in rhesus macaques. Unmutated rBCG constructs were used in comparison to mutants with gene deletions identified in an in vitro screen for augmented immunogenicity. We demonstrated that BCG-SIVgag is able to elicit robust transgene-specific priming responses, resulting in strong SIV epitope-specific cellular immune responses. While enhanced immunogenicity was sustained at moderate levels for >1 year following the heterologous boost vaccination, we were unable to demonstrate a protective effect after repeated rectal mucosal challenges with pathogenic SIVmac251. Our findings highlight the potential for rBCG vaccines to stimulate effective cross-priming and enhanced major histocompatibility complex class I presentation, suggesting that combining this approach with other immunogens may contribute to the development of effective vaccine regimens against HIV.
Isothermal growth of hydrogen bubbles during electrolysis

The investigation was concerned with measuring growth rates of bubbles in an isothermal medium where growth is controlled by mass diffusion. The conditions were met by generating hydrogen bubbles at a platinum cathode during the electrolysis of water. Growth data were obtained by motion picture photography at 800 to 2,400 frames/sec. taken through a microscope to produce an enlargement of 30X on the film. Growth took place in 0.1 normal and 1.0 normal sulfuric acid in water at 77°F. Current densities between 0.1 and 0.2 amp./sq. cm. were used. The observed diameters were all less than 0.006 in., and the growth times were less than 2 sec. Beside growth phenomena interesting features recorded included the coalescence of bubbles, the jumping of bubbles off the solid and then back again, and the slip of the bubble contact at the solid surface. Some bubbles grew with their radii proportional to the square root of time as predicted theoretically by Scriven. For these bubbles the calculated supersaturation of hydrogen in the solution was found to be from eight to twenty-four times the concentration at saturation.
A computerized algorithm for scheduling dependent jobs with weights in a single machine

Abstract Finding the optimal sequence so as to schedule “n” dependent jobs with weights in a single facility under different optimizing criteria is what the algorithm presented in the paper is intended to accomplish. Some of the objectives such as the minimization of maximum tardiness and minimization of penalties included here have not been considered before for this type of sequencing problem. These two objectives are particularly important now as single machines/machining centers are becoming the only production equipment in several automated manufacturing facilities. The computerized algorithm with four different objectives is presented with an example problem.
Teratogenic Evaluation of 2,4,5-T

The herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid is teratogenic and fetocidal in two strains of mice when administered either subcutaneously or orally and in one strain of rats when administered orally. The incidences of both cystic kidney and cleft palate were increased in the C57BL/6 mice as well as the incidence of cleft palate in the AKR mice. The incidence of cystic kidney was also increased in the rats. In addition, an increase in the ratio of liver weight to body weight in the mouse fetus and the occurrence of hemorrhagic gastrointestinal tract in the rat fetus suggest that this compound also has fetotoxic properties.