cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heuristics and Modalities in Determining Truth Versus Deception

In potentially deceptive situations, people rely on heuristic cues to help process information. These heuristic cues can often lead to biases concerning how the receiver views the information provided by the sender. One such bias is a truth bias, which has been documented to occur in many potentially deceptive situations (Levine, Parks & McCornack, 1999). It was hypothesized in this study that receivers would make more truthful than deceptive judgments. This study also sought to explore the impact the modality might have on truth bias. It was hypothesized that the truth bias would be strongest in the visual condition, intermediate in the audio condition, and lowest in the text condition. Finally, whether using computer-mediated forms of communication could improve deception accuracy was addressed. It was hypothesized that deception detection would be most accurate in the audio condition. Results supported the first two hypotheses but not the third.
Multiscale model of near-spherical germanium quantum dots in silicon*

Atomic displacements, strains and strain energies in the neighbourhood of near-spherical, coherent Ge 'quantum dots' (QD) in crystalline Si and near a {001} Si surface have been predicted by multiscale modelling, by use of a combination of classical molecular dynamics (MD) and Green's function (GF) techniques. The model includes the nonlinear effects at the GeSi interface and allows the boundary of the system to be placed outside the two million atom host crystallite. A modified-embedded-atom-model interatomic potential was used for both MD and GF calculations. Dots of four sizes were analysed, ranging in diameter from 1.1 to 6.5 nm. The supercell size was 34.2 nm. Calculations for strains and displacements in the infinite solid were extended to the {001} surface of the semi-infinite solid using the scheme described previously. Atomic displacements in the infinite solid showed trends generally similar to the early estimate of Mott and Nabarro, but differed in detail, especially for the smaller dots. Surface displacements were broadly similar in magnitude and shape to the classic isotropic continuum solution of Mindlin and Cheng. For large (e.g. 6.5 nm diameter) near-surface dots, the surface displacements are of a magnitude sufficient to be observed by advanced scanned probe microscopy.
Using the time and motion method to study clinical work processes and workflow: methodological inconsistencies and a call for standardized research

Objective To identify ways for improving the consistency of design, conduct, and results reporting of time and motion (T&M) research in health informatics. Materials and methods We analyzed the commonalities and divergences of empirical studies published 1990e2010 that have applied the T&M approach to examine the impact of health IT implementation on clinical work processes and workflow. The analysis led to the development of a suggested ‘checklist’ intended to help future T&M research produce compatible and comparable results. We call this checklist STAMP (Suggested Time And Motion Procedures). Results STAMP outlines a minimum set of 29 data/ information elements organized into eight key areas, plus three supplemental elements contained in an ‘Ancillary Data’ area, that researchers may consider collecting and reporting in their future T&M endeavors. Discussion T&M is generally regarded as the most reliable approach for assessing the impact of health IT implementation on clinical work. However, there exist considerable inconsistencies in how previous T&M studies were conducted and/or how their results were reported, many of which do not seem necessary yet can have a significant impact on quality of research and generalisability of results. Therefore, we deem it is time to call for standards that can help improve the consistency of T&M research in health informatics. This study represents an initial attempt. Conclusion We developed a suggested checklist to improve the methodological and results reporting consistency of T&M research, so that meaningful insights can be derived from across-study synthesis and health informatics, as a field, will be able to accumulate knowledge from these studies.
Applied behaviour analysis: does intervention intensity relate to family stressors and maternal well‐being?

Background Interventions based on applied behaviour analysis (ABA) are commonly recommended for children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, few studies address how this intervention model impacts families. The intense requirements that ABA programmes place on children and families are often cited as a critique of the programme, although little evidence is available to support this claim. Using Pearlin's (1999) stress process model, this study assessed: (1) whether mothers of children participating in a home-based ABA programme reported elevated depressive symptoms; and (2) whether ABA intensity related to unmet family needs and maternal feelings of depression, personal strain and mastery. Method Forty-one mothers of children diagnosed with an ASD participated in this study by completing questionnaires about their child's ASD behaviours, unmet family needs, and maternal feelings of depression, personal strain and mastery. Additionally, mothers provided information about their child's intervention programme and their own level of involvement in the programme. At the time of data collection, all families had been running a home-based ABA programme for at least 6 months. Results Single-sample t-tests and multiple regression analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Mothers of children participating in a home-based ABA programme reported more depressive symptoms than mothers of children with other developmental disabilities. Comparisons revealed comparable depressive symptoms between the mothers of the present sample and those in other ASD samples. When considering weekly ABA intensity, mothers reported fewer depressive symptoms when their child was older and when their child participated in more ABA therapy hours. Conversely, mothers who were more involved in their child's ABA programme reported more personal strain. Conclusions The findings of this study supported the hypothesis that families participating in ABA experienced elevated depressive symptoms, much like any family raising a child with an ASD, suggesting a potential area for family-level intervention. Additionally, ABA intensity related to maternal depression and personal strain, and therefore deserves continued attention. Future studies should attempt to replicate these findings with a larger and more representative sample and seek to identify mechanisms through which ABA intensity may influence maternal and family well-being.
Ionic liquid and water separation by membrane distillation

Abstract An environmentally-friendly method to pretreat biomass prior to conversion to liquid fuel is deconstruction by ionic liquids (ILs). Typically, water is added as an anti-solvent to the IL and biomass mixture and is also used to rinse the biomass. Separation of the resulting water and IL mixtures is required prior to recycling the IL. Direct contact membrane distillation, a low temperature and ambient pressure process, was used to separate water from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium formate, two ILs commonly used for biomass pretreatment. IL concentrations ten times those of the original feed (5–50% by mass) were achieved, with greater concentrations possible. Using direct contact membrane distillation for ionic liquid-solvent separation has not previously been reported in the literature. The effect of the ILs on the hydrophobicity of the polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride membranes used was also investigated.
Power-associative algebras in which every subalgebra is a left ideal.

By an L-algebra we mean a power-associative nonassociative algebra (not necessarily finite-dimensional) over a field F in which every subalgebra generated by a single element is a left ideal. An H-algebra is a power-associative algebra in which every subalgebra is an ideal. The H-algebras were characterized by D. L. Outcalt in [2]. Let Sα be the semigroup with cardinality α such that if x, y ∊ S α then xy = y. Consider the algebra over a field F with basis S α. Such an algebra is an L-algebra that is not an H-algebra unless S α contains only one element. In this paper we will prove that an algebra A over a field F with char. ≠ 2 is an L-algebra if and only if it is either an H-algebra or has a basis S α where α is the dimension of A.
Analysis of Membrane and Adsorbent Processes for Warm Syngas Cleanup in Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle Power with CO2 Capture and Sequestration

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) offers a promising approach for cleanly using abundant coal reserves of the world to generate electricity. The present state-of-the-art synthesis gas (syngas) cleanup technologies in IGCC involve cooling the syngas from the gasifier to room temperature or lower for removing sulfur, carbon dioxide, and other pollutants, leading to a large efficiency loss. Here we assess the suitability of various alternative syngas cleanup technologies for IGCC with CCS through computational simulations. We model multicomponent gas separation for CO2 capture in IGCC using polymeric membranes and H2 separation from the syngas using both Pd-alloy based composite metallic membranes and polymeric membranes. In addition, we develop a pressure swing adsorption model to estimate the energy efficiency of regenerable sorbent beds for CO2 capture. We use our models with Aspen Plus simulations to identify promising design and operating conditions f...
Endoscopic closure of persistent gastrocutaneous fistulae, after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement, using the over-the-scope-clip system.

Objectives:The Over-The-Scope-Clip (OTSC) has had an evolving role in endoscopic closure of gastrointestinal wall defects, in hemostasis of primary or postinterventional bleeding, and approximation...
The Isolation and Partial Characterization of Stable H2O2-Resistant Variants of Chinese Hamster Fibroblasts

Several groups have reported that bacteria exposed to H2O2 are capable of adapting to H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity.1–3 The adaptation is accompanied by a shift in relative rates of protein synthesis, increased antioxidant enzymatic activity, and increased resistance to other oxidizing agents and radiation.1–4 This adaptation phenomenon has been suggested to be a general response to oxidative stress common to all bacteria.1
Computerized assessment of goal-directed behavior in Parkinson's disease.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Apathy is a syndrome characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior. Neurodegenerative diseases frequently exhibit apathy. However, we lack an objective measure of apathy. The Philadelphia Apathy Computerized Task (PACT) measures impairments in goal-directed behavior that contribute to apathy, including initiation, planning, and motivation. We sought to examine these mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Method: PD patients and healthy controls with a caregiver were recruited for the study. Participants were administered the PACT, a novel computerized assessment of goal-directed behavior based on reaction times, and the Starkstein Apathy Scale (AS). Care partners completed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Baseline demographic characteristics of PD and control participants were compared using t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Linear regressions were used to compare PD patients to controls on each of the three PACT subtasks (initiation, planning, and motivati...
Does long-term anticoagulation improve function after stroke?

There is no evidence that anticoagulation with either heparin or warfarin improves these outcomes. There is clear evidence of increased hemorrhagic complications (both fatal and nonfatal) in patients who receive anticoagulation.
Not Easily Forgotten? Discussion of Dr. Koocher’s Paper

The efforts of Drs. Koocher and O’Malley (1981) are unique and valuable, and are worthy of a place among the important works on psychological aspects of cancer. It is unfortunate that Dr. Koocher’s paper is too short to cover many of the items the team dealt with in the book. For an audience like this, it would be valuable to read the book itself.
Occupancy modelling in shared spaces of buildings: a queueing approach

This paper describes the development of a queueing model for the simulation of occupancy patterns in shared spaces of buildings. Specifically, occupancy is modelled via an infinite-server queue with time-varying arrival and departure rates. In order to better capture the abrupt changes in occupancy, we also present an algorithm that efficiently learns the locally homogeneous intervals from the data and estimates the model parameters separately on each learned interval. Evaluated on the real-world occupancy data, the model has proved its capability of realistically reproducing the variations of occupancy, as well as the key properties, such as peak occupancy time, first arrival and last departure times, and occupied duration. We also compare our model with several occupancy models in the previous work, and show that our model is preferable in terms of simple structure, agile construction, minimal effort of manual calibration and the ability to reflect the occupancy patterns truthfully.
GPCR signalling from within the cell

Traditionally, signal transduction from GPCRs is thought to emanate from the cell surface where receptor interactions with external stimuli can be transformed into a broad range of cellular responses. However, emergent data show that numerous GPCRs are also associated with various intracellular membranes where they may couple to different signalling systems, display unique desensitization patterns and/or exhibit distinct patterns of subcellular distribution. Although many GPCRs can be activated at the cell surface and subsequently endocytosed and transported to a unique intracellular site, other intracellular GPCRs can be activated in situ either via de novo ligand synthesis, diffusion of permeable ligands or active transport of nonpermeable ligands. Current findings reinforce the notion that intracellular GPCRs play a dynamic role in various biological functions including learning and memory, contractility and angiogenesis. As new intracellular GPCR roles are defined, the need to selectively tailor agonists and/or antagonists to both intracellular and cell surface receptors may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic tools. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
Temporary end to side portacaval shunt in orthotopic hepatic transplantation in humans.

Crosscampling of the portal vein and inferior vena cava during the anhepatic phase of orthotopic hepatic transplantation and the resulting venous stagnation can lead to hemodynamic instability and congestive damage of the small intestine. These sequelae are more severe and can initiate a cascade of fatal complications in patients who are hemodynamically compromised or lack adequate collateral circulation from the occluded venous trunks, or both. The use of venovenous bypass is particularly helpful in these instances (1, 2). Alternatively, the piggyback technique (3), in which the systemic venous return is preserved throughout the procedure, was proposed for instances in which the use of the venovenous bypass is problematic (4). We report herein the use of a combination of the piggyback technique with a temporary portacaval shunt during the anhepatic phase in four pediatric recipients who were hemodynamically compromised and had no established portosystemic collateral circulation.
Examining Teachers’ Shifting Epistemic Orientations in Improving Students’ Scientific Literacy Through Adoption of the Science Writing Heuristic Approach

The role of language is critical both in how science is done and through the products of scientific practices. Importantly, language is viewed as an epistemic tool that enables learners to engage with construction and critique in the practices of science. The Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach places particular importance on engaging in the critical language practices of science while building the conceptual understandings of science topics through immersion in an argument-based inquiry approach to learning. This chapter focuses on a study with 28 middle school science teachers who were taking part in a 3-year research project centered on the implementation of the SWH approach for the teaching of science. Teachers were involved in a professional development program where they were introduced into four critical areas for implementing the approach: Learning, Language, Scientific Practice, and Pedagogy. Importance was placed on encouraging teachers to engage in the critical written and oral discourse practices of science that underpin the SWH approach and are essential features of scientific literacy. To track teacher change over the study, an Epistemic Orientation Survey (EOS) was developed that enabled us to examine the alignment between Language as an Epistemic Tool, Science as an Epistemic Practice, and Learning as an Epistemic Act. Building on previous work on the SWH approach, we have examined students’ critical thinking growth rates to the change in teachers’ epistemic orientations as a way to gauge how well such a language-based approach can provide cognitive resources for future growth in developing understanding of science concepts.
A Role for the Avian Pectén Oculi in Orientation to the Sun

In addition to its well-accepted nutritive role, I propose a function for the pecten that is a synthesis of the views of Griffin (that it might play a role in migration), Menner (that it casts a shadow), and Barlow (that it blocks intraocular light rays scattered from the sun’s image).
Architecting Video-on-Demand Systems: Davic 1.0 and Beyond

The culmination and convergence of several different technologies, including video compression and networking, are today making possible the design (and soon the deployment) of commercial interactive video services. Several commercial trials have been announced, are in progress, or are already completed. The multi-disciplinary nature of video-on-demand services, which includes content providers, service providers, network providers, cable TV distribution companies, as well as the computing and consumer electronics industries, has made it extremely difficult to concentrate within a single organization the expertise needed to design and implement such services. Attesting to that is the significant activity that has been created within the industry in terms of alliances and partnerships.
Effects of Grain Boundary Disorder on Dislocation Emission

Abstract It was recently reported that segregation of Zr to grain boundaries (GB) in nanocrystalline Cu can lead to the development of disorder in the intergranular structure (Khalajhedayati et al., 2016; Khalajhedayati and Rupert, 2015). In this study we employ atomistic computer simulations to investigate how this disorder affects dislocation nucleation from the GBs under applied stress. It was found that a fully disordered grain boundary structure suppresses dislocation emission and significantly increases the yield stress. Depending on the solute concentration and heat-treatment, however, partial disorder may also occur and this aids dislocation nucleation rather than suppressing it, reducing or eliminating the strengthening effect.
A pedagogy for interest development: The case of amateur astronomy practice

Abstract This special issue of Learning, Culture and Social Interaction (LCSI) calls for conceptualizing interests as a learning phenomenon so that accounts of thought processes can be more faithful to the “fulness of [one's] life” ( Vygotsky, 1978 , p. 10). I address such a call by investigating the pedagogy of the hobby of amateur astronomy. Hobbies are widely regarded as prototypically interest-driven practices, and thus probing how they structure opportunities for participation and learning can provide deep insights into the nature of interests and their relationship to learning. By choosing the lens of pedagogy, furthermore, I pursue two additional goals. Opportunistically, I seek to fill the dearth of studies on pedagogies for interest development and to illustrate an empirical approach to doing so. Strategically, the focus on pedagogy necessitates a close attention to teaching and learning phenomena and therefore may more readily be appropriated by practitioners.
Individual differences in responding to bupropion or varenicline in a preclinical model of nicotine self-administration vary according to individual demand for nicotine.

Abstract Bupropion and varenicline are the top two smoking cessation interventions that are marginally successful in increasing abstinence rates when compared to placebo. Although smokers vary in their history and pattern of tobacco use, there is a significant gap in addressing this individual variability with individually targeted treatments. The present study takes the initial step towards a better understanding of individual differences in treatment outcomes by assessing the effect of bupropion or varenicline on nicotine self-administration in rats. Rats were first assessed for their individual economic demand for sucrose and then for self-administered nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/inf; 2 h sessions). We then examined the effect of bupropion (0, 10, 30, 60 mg/kg) or varenicline (0, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) pretreatment on individual rates of nicotine self-administration using progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Thereafter, rats were subjected to four rounds of extinction and reinstatement tests. We found that individual demand for sucrose did not predict individual demand for nicotine. Acute pretreatments with bupropion or varenicline were most effective at decreasing nicotine self-administration in rats that had a higher demand for nicotine. Rats with higher demand for nicotine also showed higher magnitude of responding in extinction and during nicotine-triggered reinstatement tests. Although the acute treatment protocol employed in this study is an important initial step towards a better understanding of individual treatment effects, future research modeling chronic treatment approaches will be needed to further extend our findings.
Cation Exchange Resin in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure I. Electrolyte Exchanges during Initial Periods of Resin Therapy

Electrolyte balances were measured in four edematous cardiac patients receiving cation exchange resin. It was found that such therapy would increase the fecal loss of sodium and, in some of the cases, would result in the loss of edema which had been refractory to other forms of therapy. In these cases the main route of sodium excretion was through the kidneys and not through the intestinal tract. The resin appeared to potentiate the renal action of simultaneously administered mercurial diuretics.
A Population-Based Study of Coupling and Physical Activity by Sexual Orientation for Men.

Research has suggested that men in relationships are more physically active than men who are single. This study provides a weighted analysis of physical activity by coupling status for men of diffe...
Development of Responsive Chitosan–Genipin Hydrogels for the Treatment of Wounds

Chronic wounds are characterized by an increased bacterial presence, alkaline pH, and excessive wound drainage. Hydrogel biomaterials composed of the carbohydrate polymer chitosan are advantageous ...
Sticks and stones: Associative learning alone?

Gruber et al. (Current Biology, 29, 686–692, 2019) report that New Caledonian crows engage in mental representation to solve a problem involving a tool. Although the crows’ success is impressive, an associative account of their behavior calls into question the extent to which the data reflect representation of future states.
An evaluation of clouds and radiation in a large-scale atmospheric model using a cloud vertical structure classification

Abstract. We revisit the concept of the cloud vertical structure (CVS) classes we have previously employed to classify the planet's cloudiness (Oreopoulos et al., 2017). The CVS classification reflects simple combinations of simultaneous cloud occurrence in the three standard layers traditionally used to separate low, middle, and high clouds and was applied to a dataset derived from active lidar and cloud radar observations. This classification is now introduced in an atmospheric global climate model, specifically a version of NASA's GEOS-5, in order to evaluate the realism of its cloudiness and of the radiative effects associated with the various CVS classes. Such classes can be defined in GEOS-5 thanks to a subcolumn cloud generator paired with the model's radiative transfer algorithm, and their associated radiative effects can be evaluated against observations. We find that the model produces 50 % more clear skies than observations in relative terms and produces isolated high clouds that are slightly less frequent than in observations, but optically thicker, yielding excessive planetary and surface cooling. Low clouds are also brighter than in observations, but underestimates of the frequency of occurrence (by ∼20 % in relative terms) help restore radiative agreement with observations. Overall the model better reproduces the longwave radiative effects of the various CVS classes because cloud vertical location is substantially constrained in the CVS framework.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF A SOUTHWESTERN ENDEMIC, THE TEXAS GARTER SNAKE, THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS ANNECTENS: AN INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVE

We investigate the taxonomic status of the Texas garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis annectens, a species of greatest conservation need in Texas. We broadly test the hypothesis that an integrative approach to species conservation has greater utility than using only a single data type (e.g., molecular, morphological, behavioral, or ecological) by demonstrating how ecological niche modeling and molecular genetics can be used synergistically to resolve taxonomic classifications. Using a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data, we found that some putative T. s. annectens specimens actually represent a co-occurring subspecies (the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis), which is not of conservation concern. However, both T. s. annectens and T. s. parietalis are genetically distinctive from another co-occurring subspecies, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis, and the ecological distinctness of T. s. annectens from T. s. parietalis suggests that T. s. annectens is, in fact, a distinct evolutionary subunit. Only when both genetic and ecological information were included was the distinctiveness of T. s. annectens apparent, thus highlighting the need for integrative approaches in conservation management regardless of the taxa in question.
Fast and broadband computation of the Green’s function in a cavity resonator of irregular shape using an imaginary wave number extraction technique

A semi-analytical approach for rapid calculation of the Green's function inside a cavity of irregular shape over a broad range of frequency is presented. The method is based on the extraction of the Green's function at an imaginary wave number from itself to obtain a rapidly convergent hybrid spatial-spectral expansion of the Green's function. The method is applied to a V-grooved cavity, and the results are compared with the integral equation method.
Classical Biological Control of Air Potato in Florida

Air potato was introduced to Florida in 1905. By the 1980s, its vines were growing in thickets, waste areas, and hedges or fencerows in many parts of south and central Florida. By 1999, it was recognized as transforming plant communities by displacing native species, changing community structure and disrupting ecological functions. The air potato leaf beetle is a rather large, orange-red Asian leaf beetle. It feeds and develops only on air potato. The USDA-ARS Invasive Plant laboratory in Fort Lauderdale acquired this beetle from China and has begun an ambitious release program aimed at controlling air potato. This 3-page fact sheet was written by T. D. Center and W. A. Overholt and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in957
Creating a space to #SayHerName: Rhetorical stratification in the networked sphere

This essay examines #SayHerName as a case study to analyze how circulation of the hashtag both challenged women’s erasure from #BlackLivesMatter discourse and motivated activists to center the stor...
Hypogonadism Is Associated With Increased Risks of Postoperative Complications Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Despite being a relatively common problem among aging men, hypogonadism has not been previously studied as a potential risk factor for postoperative complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods In total, 3903 male patients with a diagnosis of hypogonadism who underwent primary THA from 2006 to 2012 were identified using a national insurance database and compared to 20:1 matched male controls using a logistic regression analysis. Results Hypogonadism was associated with an increased risk of major medical complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, P = .022), urinary tract infection (OR 1.43, P Conclusion The diagnosis of hypogonadism is associated with an elevated risk of postoperative complications and increased cost of care following primary THA. Data from this study should influence the discussion between the patient and the provider prior to undergoing joint replacement and serve as the basis for further research.
25 Correlates of trauma recidivism: results from a systematic literature review

Statement of Purpose Trauma recidivists are patients who present to an emergency room or trauma center on more than one occasion for different incidents of traumatic injury. The purpose of this presentation is to report on the findings of a systematic review of the trauma recidivism literature with the purpose of identifying correlates for future research aimed at preventing trauma recidivism. This presentation will discuss the factors traditionally explored in trauma recidivism research, which of those factors are deemed critical based on previous research and provide recommendations for future research with this vulnerable population. Methods/Approach 13 data bases were searched from inception to 2017 for studies that explicitly compared hospital-based trauma recidivists to non-recidivists. The search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Results Screening resulted in the selection of 29 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions The literature review identified variables across 6 categories that were included in trauma recidivism literature: 1) Demographic, 2) injury related variables, 3) health related variables, 4) substance use, 5) crime/weapons and 6) vehicular causes. Variables within each category are discussed followed by recommendations of variables to include in future research. Significance and contributions to injury and violence prevention science Although previous trauma recidivism research has identified risk factors for recidivism, it has largely remained within the field of medicine as a medical issue. Merging social science and medical constructs and processes, improving research on social and cultural influences on health, and integrating basic social science theories, concepts, and methods into applied health research is imperative to moving the field of injury prevention forward. Integration of social science research with the biological and behavioral sciences is an essential component of this task. reported leaving their child alone on a bed without a railing. Nearly 33% of parents (46% of which have a high school diploma or less) reported not using safety guards on all windows. Parents reported not using stair gates 48% of the time, with 55% of those parents having completed less than a Bachelor’s Degree. Also, 67% of parents (all on Medicaid) reported their child wore a helmet ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ while riding a bicycle. Even though 79% of parents ‘strongly agreed’ to having the knowledge to protect their child from being injured by a fall, 63% of parents reported ‘sometimes’ or ‘rarely’ watching their child when on playground equipment.
Application of transanal drainage tube for intestinal occlusion of neonatal ileum

Objective To explore the value of transanal ileal drainage tube for terminal ileal atresia and to examine its effect on postoperative nutrition. Methods From January 2014 to December 2017, clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 25 children with intestinal atresia within 5 cm of ileum at terminal ileum .According to different surgical approaches, they were divided into control (n=13) and observation (n=12) groups.In control group, ileocecal resection was performed.And proximal ileum and distal colon were anastomosed.In observation group, ileocecal plexus was preserved and anal canal created near anastomosis.The proximal end was 15(10-20) cm.All cases underwent simultaneous abdominal drainage.The operative duration, efficacy, postoperative nutrition and gastrointestinal function of two groups were compared. Results Twelve children in observation group and 13 in control group recovered successfully.There were no complications such as anastomotic leakage and residual abscess in abdominal cavity.Three cases in observation group and 7 in control group were hospitalized for postoperative complications and no reoperation was performed.The average operative duration of observation group was higher than that of control group [(115.2±18.1) vs (105.3±16.9) min, (P 0.05)]. No statistical significance existed.A statistically significant difference existed between observation group (12.6±2.4 days) and control group (14.8±2.8 days) (P<0.05). The average hospital stay observation group (16.1±2.4 days) and control group (18.7±3.6 days). The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). At 15 days postoperatively, pre-albumin and albumin levels were observed (113.8±8.7, 31.8±4.3 g/L). Both were significantly higher than those of control group (107.5±5.1, 28.1±3.3 g/L) (P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant; pre-albumin and albumin levels at Day 30 postoperatively (117.5±7.4 vs 38.1±3.8 g/L). Both were significantly higher than those of control group (111.4±6.0 vs 34.1±3.4). The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions For atresia <5 cm away from ileocecal area, transanal catheter is utilized for reaching the proximal end of anastomosis and direct anastomosis may preserve ileocecal area and lower the nutrition-related complications.This simple procedure has a definite efficacy.It is worthy of wider clinical applications. Key words: Drainage tube; Ileum; Infant, newborn; Intestinal atresia
The Giardia lamblia ribosome structure reveals divergence in translation and quality control pathways

ABSTRACT Giardia lamblia is a human pathogen of worldwide importance with limited treatment options. Its unusual molecular biology presents targets for new therapies and the opportunity to explore the fundamental features of important biological mechanisms. We determined the structure of the G. lamblia 80S ribosome by cryoelectron microscopy, revealing how it combines eukaryotic and bacterial features. The structure reveals regions that are rapidly evolving, including depletion of A and U bases from its rRNA. Specific features of the G. lamblia ribosome suggest it is less prone to stall on problematic peptide sequences, and that the organism uses altered ribosome quality control pathways compared to other eukaryotes. Examination of translation initiation factor binding sites suggests these interactions are conserved despite a divergent initiation mechanism. This work defines key new questions regarding ribosome-centric biological pathways in G. lamblia and motivates new experiments to explore potential targetable mechanisms.
DART: aDaptive Accept RejecT for non-linear top-K subset identification.

We consider the bandit problem of selecting $K$ out of $N$ arms at each time step. The reward can be a non-linear function of the rewards of the selected individual arms. The direct use of a multi-armed bandit algorithm requires choosing among $\binom{N}{K}$ options, making the action space large. To simplify the problem, existing works on combinatorial bandits {typically} assume feedback as a linear function of individual rewards. In this paper, we prove the lower bound for top-$K$ subset selection with bandit feedback with possibly correlated rewards. We present a novel algorithm for the combinatorial setting without using individual arm feedback or requiring linearity of the reward function. Additionally, our algorithm works on correlated rewards of individual arms. Our algorithm, aDaptive Accept RejecT (DART), sequentially finds good arms and eliminates bad arms based on confidence bounds. DART is computationally efficient and uses storage linear in $N$. Further, DART achieves a regret bound of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(K\sqrt{KNT})$ for a time horizon $T$, which matches the lower bound in bandit feedback up to a factor of $\sqrt{\log{2NT}}$. When applied to the problem of cross-selling optimization and maximizing the mean of individual rewards, the performance of the proposed algorithm surpasses that of state-of-the-art algorithms. We also show that DART significantly outperforms existing methods for both linear and non-linear joint reward environments.
Meloxicam methyl group determines enzyme specificity for thiazole bioactivation compared to sudoxicam

Abstract Meloxicam is a thiazole-containing NSAID that was approved for marketing with favorable clinical outcomes despite being structurally similar to the hepatotoxic sudoxicam. Introduction of a single methyl group on the thiazole results in an overall lower toxic risk, yet the group’s impact on P450 isozyme bioactivation is unclear. Through analytical methods, we used inhibitor phenotyping and recombinant P450s to identify contributing P450s, and then measured steady-state kinetics for bioactivation of sudoxicam and meloxicam by the recombinant P450s to determine relative efficiencies. Experiments showed that CYP2C8, 2C19, and 3A4 catalyze sudoxicam bioactivation, and CYP1A2 catalyzes meloxicam bioactivation, indicating that the methyl group not only impacts enzyme affinity for the drugs, but also alters which isozymes catalyze the metabolic pathways. Scaling of relative P450 efficiencies based on average liver concentration revealed that CYP2C8 dominates the sudoxicam bioactivation pathway and CYP2C9 dominates meloxicam detoxification. Dominant P450s were applied for an informatics assessment of electronic health records to identify potential correlations between meloxicam drug-drug interactions and drug-induced liver injury. Overall, our findings provide a cautionary tale on assumed impacts of even simple structural modifications on drug bioactivation while also revealing specific targets for clinical investigations of predictive factors that determine meloxicam-induced idiosyncratic liver injury.
Afro-Colombian Voices in the Colombian Peace Process: How a Group of Afro-Colombian Women's Rights Activists and New York Law Professors Came Together to Raise Awareness

In February 2019, the Human Rights and Gender Justice (HRGJ) Clinic of CUNY Law School led an academic delegation to Cali, Colombia to discuss a collaborative academic writing project with Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN), an Afro-descendant collective of more than 100 grassroots organizations, Community Councils, and individuals. Together, HRGJ and PCN decided to search for a US-based law journal with a strong social justice readership for their collaborative writing project. This introduction provides a brief background and context for the academic delegation and its final written works that came from it.
International Drive Distribution Loop Protection

Designed and installed in the late 1990s, the International Drive (I-Drive) system was one of the first examples of distribution designs that provide high reliability and availability for critical business customers.After years of successful operation, aging equipment and unintended consequences of maintenance updates contributed to a few misoperations and unwanted outages for these customers. This was the driving factor in taking a critical look at these systems to evaluate the current state and determine appropriate upgrades and operational changes.This paper will cover the history and background of the I-Drive design, motivations for the modifications that have been implemented, and the events and their causes/solutions. It will also go into detail about how the special scheme works, and what work has been done to keep the I-Drive system as reliable as possible over that past twenty years.
Allocation versus completion: Explaining the distribution of the Forest Development Program fund in North Carolina

Abstract The Forest Development Program (FDP) is a nationally renowned state-administered cost-share assistance program for forest landowners in North Carolina, primarily funded through taxation on primary forest products across the state. While the demand for FDP cost-share funds often exceeds available resources, over one-fourth of annual allocations on average go unused, due primarily to application cancellations and the divergence of actual costs and treated acres from the amounts approved originally. This study evaluates various factors related to the utilization of allocated funds based on actual cost-share fund usage data in the last six years. Results suggest that FDP applications associated with the piedmont region, shearing and chemical site preparation, hand-planting activities, and larger applied acres are more likely to be completed as defined in the initial application. The methods and findings of this study provide useful insights to administrators of other similar public incentive programs. The need for similar analyses evaluating the utilization of public funds will likely grow as state and federal governments increasingly rely on incentive programs to meet ambitious goals in conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.
Did Your CEO Accidentally Offer to Sell a $30 Million Harrier Jet?

This case puts the student in the precarious shoes of the legal department for an energy drink company with a very eccentric CEO. The CEO is ecstatic about the company’s seemingly innocuous commercial that is the flagship of their summer marketing campaign. Your students’ applied knowledge of contract formation will be put to the test as they try to find potential legal issues with the commercial. Furthermore, their ability to tactfully communicate the most efficient course of action to a short-tempered CEO will be tested. This entertaining case closely parallels a famous 1990’s Pepsi commercial that resulted in an ambitious 21-year-old business student suing PepsiCo for the delivery of a $30 million Harrier jet. Detailed instructor notes guide faculty through the use of this case study that covers a number of legal issues as well as ethical and business communication concepts.
Temporal trends in right heart strain in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is a curative procedure for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Right ventricular free wall strain (RV FWS) and right atrial strain (RAS) are not well studied in a CTEPH population. We sought to determine temporal trends in RAS and RV FWS in patients post-PTE. METHODS 28 patients undergoing PTE for CTEPH were prospectively enrolled in a surgical database. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of the right heart was performed including RV FWS, right atrial volume, and the three components of RAS: reservoir, conduit, and booster strain. RESULTS Patients undergoing PTE demonstrated improvement in NYHA functional class (P < 0.001). Hemodynamic assessment showed improvement in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 49.7 ± 8.5 mm Hg to 23.9 ± 6.5 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 7.8 ± 3.2 wu to 2.4 ± 1.3 wu (P < 0.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and lateral S` declined immediately post-op. RV FWS improved from -14.4 ± 4% to -19 ± 3.4% post-op and -21.2 ± 4.7% at long-term follow-up (P < 0.001). Improvement in RV FWS post-op was driven primarily by increases in the apical and mid segments. RA volume declined significantly during the study period. RA reservoir and conduit strain improved after PTE. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing PTE for CTEPH had significant improvement in right heart hemodynamics immediately post-op. Traditional echo metrics of RV performance including TAPSE and lateral S` did not improve. RV FWS improved, which was driven by changes in the apical and mid segments. This highlights that RV FWS is a viable and useful metric to follow in CTEPH patients post-PTE.
Adaptive reconnection-based arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method

eW present a new adaptive Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method. This method is based on the reconnection-based ALE (ReALE) methodology of Refs. 35,34,6. The main elements in a standard ReALE method are: an explicit Lagrangian phase on an arbitrary polygonal (in 2D) mesh in which the solution and positions of grid nodes are updated; a rezoning phase in which a new grid is defined by changing the connectivity (using Voronoi tessellation) but not the number of cells; and a remapping phase in which the Lagrangian solution is transferred onto the new grid. In the standard ReALE method, the rezoned mesh is smoothed by using one or several steps toward centroidal Voronoi tessellation, but it is not adapted to the solution in any way.In the current paper we present a new adaptive ReALE method, A-ReALE, that is based on the following design principles. First, a monitor function (or error indicator) based on the Hessian of some flow parameter(s) is utilized. Second, an equi-distribution principle for the monitor function is used as a criterion for adapting the mesh. Third, a centroidal Voronoi tessellation is used to adapt the mesh. Fourth, we scale the monitor function to avoid very small and large cells and then smooth it to permit the use of theoretical results related to weighted centroidal Voronoi tessellation.In the A-ReALE method, both number of cells and their locations are allowed to change at the rezone stage on each time step. The number of generators at each time step is chosen to guarantee the required spatial resolution in regions where monitor function reaches its maximum value.We present all details required for implementation of new adaptive A-ReALE method and demonstrate its performance in comparison with standard ReALE method on series of numerical examples.