cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) loaded microbeads enhance local capillary neovascularization.

Background Growth of new blood vessels (neovascularization) occurs naturally in the body, but the slow rate of the process may not be sufficient for survival of engineered tissues and transplanted cells, such as pancreatic islets. For transplanted islets, it is crucial that the transplantation site has sufficient vasculature to support the needs of the islets. Therefore, the specific aim of this research was quantify the effect of FGF-1 incorporation into alginate microbeads on neovascularization of such capsules in an in vivo rat transplant model. Materials and Methods Microbeads loaded with FGF-1 or control beads (beads without FGF-1) were implanted in the rat omental pouch model. Animals were sacrificed 7 d post-implantation. Results Microbeads loaded with FGF-1 stimulated a significant increase in vascular density compared with control rats implanted with control beads. Conclusions These results indicate that alginate microbeads loaded with FGF-1 enhance local neovascularization around implanted microbeads. These data provide a compelling impetus for experimental pursuit of FGF-loaded alginate microcapsules for vascularization of transplanted islets.
Terminological consistency in abstract and concrete disciplines

This study tested the hypothesis that the vocabulary of a discipline whose major emphasis is on concrete phenomena will, on the average, have fewer synonyms per concept than will the vocabulary of a discipline whose major emphasis is on abstract phenomena. Subject terms from each of two concrete disciplines and two abstract disciplines were analysed. Results showed that there was a significant difference at the ·05 level between concrete and abstract disciplines but that the significant difference was attributable to only one of the abstract disciplines. The other abstract discipline was not significantly different from the two concrete disciplines. It was concluded that although there is some support for the hypothesis, at least one other factor has a stronger influence on terminological consistency than the phonomena with which a subject deals.
Jerolmack receives 2010 Luna B. Leopold Young Scientist Award: Response

[1] Douglas J. Jerolmack received the 2010 Luna B. Leopold Young Scientist Award at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, held 13“17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “a young scientist for making a significant and outstanding contribution that advances the field of Earth and planetary surface processes.”
Mathematical Model of Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer in Food with Dimensional Changes and Variable Transport Parameters

The variable grid central finite difference method was used in the solution of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer (SHMT) equations with variable transport parameters, providing predictions of local moisture content, temperature, and dimensional changes in an infinite slab at any time during processing. The model was applied to the air drying of ocean perch (Sebastes marinus). Good agreement between experimental results and model predications indicated that the method could be successfully applied to SHMT operations in foods involving dimensional changes.
Electricity Demand Growth and the Energy Crisis: An analysis of electricity demand growth projections suggests overestimates in the long run.

The research reported by D. Chapman, T. Tyrrell, and T. Mount [ Science 178, 703 (1972)] was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Program of Research Applied to National Needs.
Human reproductive cloning: premature transfer of a fledgling agricultural biotechnology into human infertility clinics.

THE RECENT ANNOUNCEMENT of a serious attempt to clone humans is distressing to the majority of Americans. It is particularly unsettling for those in the scientific community who are striving to perfect the technique and to understand the causes of failures that occur from the point of nuclear transfer until the birth of cloned offspring (Jaenisch and Wilmut, 2001). Scientists familiar with cloning realize that this is a technique with tremendous promise, but is a technique that is not yet ready for application in human medical practice. Since Dolly, the cloned ewe, was born in 1997, public perception of the animal cloning process has, in general, been positive. Subsequent births of viable cloned offspring from sheep, cattle, mice, goat, and pig cells have received constructive publicity from the television and print media. While these successes are admirable and represent the culmination of years of research, the animals presented to the media are in reality only the tip of an iceberg. In producing a viable cloned animal, many embryos and fetuses failed to progress to term. This darker side of cloning gained more attention when the prospect of human cloning reached the regular attention of the media and public (Weiss, 2001). This ongoing debate is now at risk of sensationalizing the current problems of cloning. Already media commentators and some scientists have offered images of the birth of cloned monsters accompanied by the assertion that none of the surviving clones are normal. This debate requires balance and removal from the emotions that accompany the prospect of human reproductive cloning.
Progesterone Inhibits Female-Typical Receptive Behavior and Decreases Hypothalamic Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus)

Female-typical sexual behavior in tetrapods is mediated primarily by estrogen and progesterone acting through intracellular receptors at specific sites in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Progesterone exerts both faciliatory and inhibitory actions on female sexual behavior and in well-studied rodent models, the inhibitory actions are exerted through downregulation of progesterone and estrogen receptors. This study examined progesterone effects on both female-typical sexual behavior and hypothalamic estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA expression (ER- and PR-mRNA) in a sexual and parthenogenetic species of whiptail lizard. Progesterone capsules administered to ovariectomized female Cnemidophorus inornatus and Cnemidophorus uniparens following a receptivity-inducing dosage of estradiol benzoate (EB) strongly inhibited receptive behavior as compared to blank implanted controls. Progesterone capsules administered either before or after an EB injection also strongly downregulated ER- and PR-mRNA abundance in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus relative to blank implanted controls. The correlated decrease in both EB-induced receptive behavior and ER- and PR-mRNAs following progesterone administration are similar to findings in rats and guinea pigs, suggesting that this is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in the regulation of female sexual behavior.
Localization of a putative human brain sodium channel gene (SCN1A) to chromosome band 2q24

We have identified four putative human sodium channel gene sequences, 55 bp each, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on total human placental DNA with primers specific for the cDNA sequence of
The physics of sediment transport, resuspension, and deposition

The physics of sediment transport, resuspension and deposition is reviewed. First, the general problem is described and then emphasis is given to recent quantitative research in Lakes Ontario, Michigan and Erie. In this discussion, some original calculations are presented to show that Ekman layer sediment transport is important in determining the deposition areas in deep lakes.
Hemolysis of rat erythrocytes by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide

Abstract Rat erythrocytes prepared as a 0.1% suspension were incubated at 37.5 °C, and the course of hemolysis was followed by either measuring the hemoglobin released to the medium or by recording the optical density of the suspension. The response of the cells to p -hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB), N -ethylmaleimide (NEM), sodium glycocholate, glutathione, and glucose—either singly or in combination with each other—was observed. The results suggested that PMB hemolysis at low concentrations is the result of its sulfhydryl activity only because this reagent is capable of first releasing SH groups, and that the nonhemolytic effect of NEM is due to its inability to release such reactive SH groups.
Effects of continuous work and sleep loss in the reduction and recovery of work efficiency.

The synthetic-work technique has been employed in a series of investigations designed to determine (a) the extent to which performance efficiency is degraded during extended periods of continuous work, and (b) the amount of sleep necessary for the recovery of performance from the effects of continuous work and sleep loss. The results of these studies indicate that 36, 44, and 48 hr of continuous work and sleep loss result in decrements in over-all work efficiency of approximately 15, 20, and 35% respectively. Following 36 hr of continuous work, it was found that 12 hr of sleep is sufficient for complete (100%) recovery of performance, but complete recovery is not provided by 2 (58% recovery), 3 (53% recovery), or 4 (73% recovery) hr of sleep. It also has been indicated that the time course of recovery is different following different durations of continuous work and subsequent sleep.
Attribution of the present-day total greenhouse effect

[1] The relative contributions of atmospheric long-wave absorbers to the present-day global greenhouse effect are among the most misquoted statistics in public discussions of climate change. Much of the interest in these values is however due to an implicit assumption that these contributions are directly relevant for the question of climate sensitivity. Motivated by the need for a clear reference for this issue, we review the existing literature and use the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE radiation module to provide an overview of the role of each absorber at the present-day and under doubled CO2. With a straightforward scheme for allocating overlaps, we find that water vapor is the dominant contributor (∼50% of the effect), followed by clouds (∼25%) and then CO2 with ∼20%. All other absorbers play only minor roles. In a doubled CO2 scenario, this allocation is essentially unchanged, even though the magnitude of the total greenhouse effect is significantly larger than the initial radiative forcing, underscoring the importance of feedbacks from water vapor and clouds to climate sensitivity.
Ecological and demographic indices: A methodological analysis

Se llevo a cabo un analisis de factores con una matriz de interrelaciones de 42 indices que miden las variables demograficas y socio-economicas de cada uno de los 115 distritos censules de la ciudad de Seattle. El proceso serepitio para 21 y luego para 12 y 10 variables seleccionadas, suprimiendo las variables que incluian en parte a otra u otrasvariables o que no parecian tener signifieo especial. En cada caso se aislaron tres factores a los quesedenomino “categoria familiar,” “categoria socio-economica” y “categoria etnica,” Tambien se aislarono trosfactores pero resultaron tener una baja posibilidad en cuanto a explicacion empirica 0 teorica. Dos grupos de tres indices se constuyeron para cada distrito censal utilizando factores transformados; uno para 42 variables y el otro para 10 variables. Le demostro queun grupo reduciendo de 10 variables representa suficientemente tresdimensiones basicos existiendo en el grupo original de 42 variables. Los distritos censales pueden clasificarse segun tipo refiriendose al patron de rangos como “bajo,” “medio o “alto” en el caso de la categoria familiar, caiegoria socio-economica y categoria etnica. Un mapa especialse preporo para ilustrar la aplicacion de las dimensiones basicas en la investigacion ecologica y demografica.
Integrating Multiple Clinical Information Systems using the Java Message Service Framework to Enable the Delivery of Urgent Exam Results at the Point of Care

The aim of this study is to determine if network-enabled personal digital assistants (PDAs) can be used to facilitate the timely delivery of urgent radiological exam results by reducing the interval from when the radiologist's initial interpretation is available to when it is first viewed by an emergency department (ED) physician. A web- and Java message service (JMS)-based application was built to replace the original fax-based wet-read procedure. The new system allows radiologists to enter wet-reads from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) display station and to track discrepancies between the wet-read and final report. It also notifies the ED physicians when exam results are available via the PDAs and permits them to view the full text of the wet-read and final reports from the devices. The new system is compared to the original procedure with the results showing improvements with the wireless method. Furthermore, feedback from a qualitative survey of PDA users was positive, suggesting that PDAs may provide one means for accessing urgent clinical data at the point of care.
Long‐range surface plasmons in electrode structures

Surface polaritons guided by symmetric double metal film structures are analyzed, with particular attention given to the attenuation of the two long-range modes that occur. It is found that long-range surface plasmon polariton modes do exist for double electrode structures over a limited range of material parameters. Guided by thin metal electrodes, surface plasmon polaritons can achieve millimeter plus propagation distances in the near infrared. It is pointed out that if the slab is electrooptic, then very low voltages will be needed to manipulate the waves. The fact that long-range modes exist simultaneously with junction tunnel plasmons may be of use in providing directional radiation from light-emitting junctions or the inverse process of light to electrical energy conversion.
Styles of Thinking as a Basis of Differentiated Instruction

We consider how to differentiate instruction using a theory of thinking styles as a basis for differentiation. The article opens with a consideration of why styles are important. Then it considers some general characteristics of styles, presents the theory of mental self-government, considers issues of measurement, and presents data supporting the theory. Next, it discusses application of the theory in the classroom. Finally, it draws conclusions.
Boron and ectomycorrhizal influences on mineral nutrition of container‐grown Pinus ehinata mill

Abstract Boron fertilization and inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch increased foliar and total seedling nutrient content of boron, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese and phosphorus in shortleaf pine seedlings (Pinus echinata Mill.). Noninoculated seedlings fertilized with boron showed no increase in nutrient content other than B. The increase in nutrient content of inoculated seedlings fertilized with boron was correlated with increased mycorrhizal infection. Boron fertilization may affect indirectly the mineral nutrition of tree seedlings by increasing mycorrhizal fungi colonization of their roots.
Repair of type 1-A and 1-B posterior laryngeal clefts

Posterior laryngeal clefts are part of the continuum of defects that manifest with laryngotracheoesophageal clefts. Repair of these defects is mandatory if the patient is in acute airway distress or suffers unremitting symptoms after conservative treatment. Repair of type-1 A clefts has been performed endoscopically; we describe our method of diagnosis and correction and present a brief case report on endoscopic repair of a type 1-B cleft.
Medicare and chronic conditions.

A total of 83 percent of Medicare beneficiaries have at least one chronic condition. Recent legislation is a new initiative to improve the quality of care for beneficiaries with chronic conditions.
RELATION BETWEEN SINGLE-STRAND DNA MASS AND SEDIMENTATION DISTANCE IN ALKALINE SUCROSE GRADIENTS.

Abstract Single-strand breaks are introduced into bacteriophage T2 and Bacillus subtilis DNA in dilute solution with gamma rays and the DNA sedimented on alkaline sucrose gradients. Assuming (1) the number of single-strand breaks is linear with dose, and (2) the distance sedimented in alkaline sucrose gradients D is proportional to M α ( M is the single-strand DNA mass), the value of a is determined to be 0.40.
The entry process as the target for energy input in active transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid byMycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium phlei was shown to accumulate α-aminoisobutyric acid, establishing a concentration gradient of approximately 15,000-fold. The apparent affinity constant of the carrier for α-aminoisobutyric acid was 1.8 µM. The system exhibited a broad specificity provided two structural requirements were satisfied: the presence of a free amino and carboxyl group on the alpha carbon and the absence of a net charge. The role of energy coupling on the accumulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid was studied by two different kinds of experiments, the relative effects of the inhibitors on the rate of entry and the steady-state of accumulation, and a comparison of the efflux induced at the final steady state by the addition of (a) excess nonradioactive α-aminoisobutyric acid, (b) energy inhibitors, or (c) both. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that accumulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid is due to an increased rate of entry, the rate of exit not being affected by metabolic inhibitors.
Evaluating prostate needle biopsy: Therapeutic and prognostic importance

Needle biopsy of the prostate plays a central role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and the prediction of outcome. Strategies for sampling the prostate are being refined, which will increase the diagnostic yield. In combination with other clinical factors, the pathologic findings obtained from the biopsy specimen provide enhanced predictive accuracy for stage and individual outcome.
Impact of PET staging in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction Although positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) has been widely used for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) staging, no study has examined the clinical impact of PET staging in limited-stage (LS) SCLC. Methods We identified patients with LS-SCLC treated definitively with concurrent chemoradiation. Outcomes were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier approach, Cox regression, and competing risks method. Results We treated 54 consecutive LS-SCLC patients with concurrent chemoradiation from January 2002 to August 2010. Forty underwent PET, 14 did not, and all underwent thoracoabdominopelvic CT and magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging. Most patient characteristics were balanced between the comparison groups, including age, race, sex, bone scanning, median dosage, and performance status. More number of PET-staged patients presented with nodal metastases ( p = 0.05). Median follow-up was similar for PET-staged and non–PET-staged patients ( p = 0.59). Median overall survival from diagnosis in PET-staged patients was 32 versus 17 months in patients staged without PET ( p = 0.03), and 3-year survival was 47% versus 19%. Median time-to-distant failure was 29 versus 12 months ( p = 0.04); median time-to-local failure was not reached versus 16 months ( p = 0.04). On multivariable analysis, PET staging (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24; p = 0.04), performance status (OR = 1.89; p = 0.05), and N-stage (OR = 4.94; p Conclusion LS-SCLC patients staged with PET exhibited improved disease control and survival when compared with non–PET-staged LS-SCLC patients. Improved staging accuracy and better identification of intrathoracic disease may explain these findings, underscoring the value of PET-CT in these patients.
Pulmonary ischemia induces lung remodeling and angiogenesis

Cellular remodeling during angiogenesis in the lung is poorly described. Furthermore, it is the systemic vasculature of the lung and surrounding the lung that is proangiogenic when the pulmonary circulation becomes impaired. In a mouse model of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, after left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL), the intercostal vasculature, in proximity to the ischemic lung, proliferates and invades the lung (12). In the present study, we performed a detailed investigation of the kinetics of remodeling using histological sections of the left lung of C57Bl/6J mice after LPAL (4 h to 20 days) or after sham surgery. New vessels were seen within the thickened visceral pleura 4 days after LPAL predominantly in the upper portion of the left lung. Connections between new vessels within the pleura and pulmonary capillaries were clearly discerned by 7 days after LPAL. The visceral pleura and the lung parenchyma showed intense tissue remodeling, as evidenced by markedly elevated levels of both proliferating cell nuclear antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling positive cells. Rapidly dividing cells were predominantly macrophages and type II pneumocytes. The increased apoptotic activity was further quantified by caspase-3 activity, which showed a sixfold increase relative to naive lungs, by 24 h after LPAL. Because sham surgeries had little effect on measured parameters, we conclude that both thoracic wound healing and pulmonary ischemia are required for systemic neovascularization.
Dielectric Properties of Cryogenic Liquids

Electric-breakdown measurements at 60 Hz have been made with cryogenic liquids-nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium. All of the cryogenic liquids have higher breakdown voltages than conventional transformer oil, except liquid helium which breaks down at a considerably lower voltage. The measured values of dielectric constant for the cryogenic liquids agree quite well with the published literature. The dissipation factor of the cryogenic liquids is so low that true values cannot be reported. They appear to be below 0.000001. However, by comparison of the indicated values, it appears that the dissipation factor of liquid helium may be about ten times that of liquid hydrogen.
A flow cytometry-based screen for synthetic riboswitches.

Riboswitches regulate gene expression through direct, small molecule–mRNA interactions. The creation of new synthetic riboswitches from in vitro selected aptamers benefits from rapid, high-throughput methods for identifying switches capable of triggering dramatic changes in gene expression in the presence of a desired ligand. Here we present a flow cytometry-based screen for identifying synthetic riboswitches that induce robust increases in gene expression in the presence of theophylline. The performance characteristics of our newly identified riboswitches exceed those of previously described natural and synthetic riboswitches. Sequencing data and structure probing experiments reveal the ribosome binding site to be an important determinant of how well a switch performs and may provide insights into the design of new synthetic riboswitches.
Measuring Semantic Similarity between Named Entities by Searching the Web Directory

The importance of named entities in information retrieval and knowledge management has recently brought interest in characterizing semantic relationships between entities. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring semantic similarity, an important type of semantic relationship, between entities. The method is based on Google Directory, a search interface to the Open Directory Project. Via the search engine, we can locate the web pages relevant to an entity and automatically create a profile of the entity according to the directory assignments of its web pages, which capture various features of the entity. Using their profiles, the semantic similarity between entities can be measured in different dimensions. We apply the semantic similarity measurement to two knowledge acquisition tasks: thesaurus construction of entities and fine grained categorization of entities. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively in these two tasks.
A subcarrier-multiplexed coherent FSK system using a Mach-Zehnder modulator with automatic bias control

A subcarrier-multiplexed coherent optical transmission system using a push-pull Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator is demonstrated. Six subcarrier channels cover a six-octave bandwidth and are frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulated at 45 Mb/s. With an optical phase modulation index of 0.38, a receiver sensitivity of -36 dBm is obtained. Second-order intermodulation is canceled by more than 20 dB due to the balanced structure of the modulator. This results in an 8-dB improvement in the receiver sensitivity compared to the system using an optical phase modulator. A simple automatic bias-control scheme for the Mach-Zehnder modulator is also demonstrated. It utilizes the optical signal from the complementary output port of the dual-output modulator. >
The Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions

Positive emotions are hypothesized to undo the cardiovascular aftereffects of negative emotions. Study 1 tests this undoing effect. Participants (n = 170) experiencing anxiety-induced cardiovascular reactivity viewed a film that elicited (a) contentment, (b) amusement, (c) neutrality, or (d) sadness. Contentment-eliciting and amusing films produced faster cardiovascular recovery than neutral or sad films did. Participants in Study 2 (n = 185) viewed these same films following a neutral state. Results disconfirm the alternative explanation that the undoing effect reflects a simple replacement process. Findings are contextualized by Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (B. L. Fredrickson, 1998).
Adaptation behavior in the face of global climate change: Survey responses from experts and decision makers serving the Florida Keys

We conduct a survey to elicit responses from experts and decision makers serving the Florida Keys regarding vulnerability to global climate change. Study findings reveal deep concern among federal, state and local experts and decision makers about adverse impacts at the local level. A large majority of respondents recognize the increasing likelihood of dynamic, potentially irreversible, socioeconomic and ecological repercussions for the Florida Keys. However, very few experts and decision makers report that their respective agencies have developed formal adaptation plans. Respondents identify significant institutional and social barriers to adaptation and convey their support for a host of strategic measures to facilitate adaptation on an urgent basis. The implications of our findings are discussed in the context of enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience in the Florida Keys and beyond. Information generated from this study can provide functional guidance for improving decision-support systems and promoting adaptation policies.
Visibly pushdown languages

We propose the class of visibly pushdown languages as embeddings of context-free languages that is rich enough to model program analysis questions and yet is tractable and robust like the class of regular languages. In our definition, the input symbol determines when the pushdown automaton can push or pop, and thus the stack depth at every position. We show that the resulting class Vpl of languages is closed under union, intersection, complementation, renaming, concatenation, and Kleene-*, and problems such as inclusion that are undecidable for context-free languages are Exptime-complete for visibly pushdown automata. Our framework explains, unifies, and generalizes many of the decision procedures in the program analysis literature, and allows algorithmic verification of recursive programs with respect to many context-free properties including access control properties via stack inspection and correctness of procedures with respect to pre and post conditions. We demonstrate that the class Vpl is robust by giving two alternative characterizations: a logical characterization using the monadic second order (MSO) theory over words augmented with a binary matching predicate, and a correspondence to regular tree languages. We also consider visibly pushdown languages of infinite words and show that the closure properties, MSO-characterization and the characterization in terms of regular trees carry over. The main difference with respect to the case of finite words turns out to be determinizability: nondeterministic Buchi visibly pushdown automata are strictly more expressive than deterministic Muller visibly pushdown automata.
Stuck at the bench: Potential natural neuroprotective compounds for concussion

Background: While numerous laboratory studies have searched for neuroprotective treatment approaches to traumatic brain injury, no therapies have successfully translated from the bench to the bedside. Concussion is a unique form of brain injury, in that the current mainstay of treatment focuses on both physical and cognitive rest. Treatments for concussion are lacking. The concept of neuro-prophylactic compounds or supplements is also an intriguing one, especially as we are learning more about the relationship of numerous sub-concussive blows and/or repetitive concussive impacts and the development of chronic neurodegenerative disease. The use of dietary supplements and herbal remedies has become more common place. Methods: A literature search was conducted with the objective of identifying and reviewing the pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of a few of the more widely known compounds and supplements. Results: There are an abundance of pre-clinical studies demonstrating the neuroprotective properties of a variety of these compounds and we review some of those here. While there are an increasing number of well-designed studies investigating the therapeutic potential of these nutraceutical preparations, the clinical evidence is still fairly thin. Conclusion: There are encouraging results from laboratory studies demonstrating the multi-mechanistic neuroprotective properties of many naturally occurring compounds. Similarly, there are some intriguing clinical observational studies that potentially suggest both acute and chronic neuroprotective effects. Thus, there is a need for future trials exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, particularly concussion.
Nitrogen Fixation in Bryophytes, Lichens, and Decaying Wood along a Soil-age Gradient in Hawaiian Montane Rain Forest1

We determined rates of acetylene reduction and estimated total nitrogen fixation associated with bryophytes, lichens, and decaying wood in Hawaiian montane rain forest sites with underlying substrate ranging in age from 300 to 4.1 million years. Potential N fixation ranged from ca 0.2 kg/ha annually in the 300-year-old site to ca 1 kg/ha annually in the 150,000-year-old site. Rates of acetylene reduction were surprisingly uniform along the soil-age gradient, except for high rates in symbiotic/associative fixers at the 150,000-year-old site and in heterotrophic fixers at the 2100-yearold site. Low fixation at the youngest site, where plant production is known to be N-limited, suggests that demand for N alone does not govern N fixation. Total N fixation was highest in sites with low N:P ratios in leaves and stem wood, perhaps because epiphytic bryophytes and lichens depend on canopy leachate for mineral nutrients and because heterotrophic fixation is partly controlled by nutrient supply in the decomposing substrate; however, differences in substrate cover, rather than in fixation rates, had the largest effect on the total N input from fixation at these sites.
Dawes as a Mentor: Reminisces of Former Graduate Students, Postdoctoral Fellows, and Associates

For many of us, academic medicine is one of the highest callings that one can pursue in life. To chair, develop, and direct a major institute at a great university shares that unique privilege. Among academic leaders in developmental physiology and the reproductive sciences few have surpassed Geoffrey S. Dawes, one of the outstanding leaders in the field. Many terms could be used to describe Dawes: celebrated administrator, doyen of physician-scientists, illustrious, innovative, and creative investigator, distinguished world authority in the reproductive sciences, author of a foremost volume on developmental physiology, outstanding role model, and friend (Fig. 20.1).
Characterization of antibody that binds in vivo to normal human red blood cells.

It has been well-documented that a subpopulation of normal circulating human red cells have antibody on their surfaces, and this antibody has been proposed to serve as a major mechanism for removal of senescent red cells from the circulation at the end of their lifespan (1). Antibodies of two different specificities have been reported to be enriched in high density human red cells. One is an antibody that appears to recognize an altered form of the Band 3 membrane protein (2). The other recognizes an a -galactosyl carbohydrate structure, found in small quantities in membrane glycolipids of Old World primates (3). As a basis for further understanding of the physiologic relevance of these antibodies, we have performed quantitative measurements of their contribution to in situ bound antibody on high density populations of normal human red cells. In addition, we have determined the number of binding sites of each type of antibody on different density populations that had been stripped of in situ antibody. To provide insight about the possible activity of the IgG dense cells, the IgG subclass distribution of the in situ antibody was also determined.
A physical statistical sonar clutter model for spatially-dispersed scatterers

The limiting influence of clutter on active sonar performance has long been recognized, with echoes from complex bathymetry, fish schools, and anthropogenic objects such as wrecks, capable of producing false target detections that can both mask real targets and overload the sonar operator with false alarms. To help reduce the impact of these false target objects, statistical distribution models have been employed to both optimize detection threshold settings and improve echo classification. While many such distribution models exist, very few have a physical basis allowing extrapolation to different environments and sonar systems. This paper describes a new 3-parameter statistical model that provides a physical context for relating the characteristics of matched-filter echo-envelope distributions to scatterer attributes. It extends our 2-parameter Poisson-Rayleigh (P-R) model [1]–[2] by adding a quantitative measure of scatterer spatial uniformity (dispersion) to the P-R model's measures of discrete scatterer density and relative strength. The resulting Conway-Maxwell-Poisson-Rayleigh (CMP-R) model's potential for isolating and characterizing clutter was quantified via shallow-water experimental data containing returns from biologic, geologic and anthropogenic objects with differing spatial separations and scattering characteristics. Analysis results demonstrate the flexibility of the CMP-R model in characterizing differing types of clutter as well as target-like objects in 2 distinct environments. Combined with a demonstrated insensitivity to echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the CMP-R distribution model shows promise with regard to both its general applicability for clutter characterization and the development of robust, physics-based active classification algorithms.
Photoluminescence of dense nanocrystalline titanium dioxide thin films: effect of doping and thickness and relation to gas sensing.

The photoluminescence (PL) of dense nanocrystalline (anatase) TiO2 thin films is reported as a function of calcination temperature, thickness, and tungsten and nickel doping. The dependence of the optical absorption, Raman spectra, and PL spectra on heat treatment and dopants reveals the role of oxygen vacancies, crystallinity, and phase transformation in the performance of TiO2 films used as gas sensors. The broad visible PL from defect states of compact and undoped TiO2 films is found to be much brighter and less sensitive to the presence of oxygen than that of mesoporous films. The dense nanocrystalline grains and the nanoparticles comprising the mesoporous film are comparable in size, demonstrating the importance of film morphology and carrier transport in determining the intensity of defect photoluminescence. At higher calcination temperatures, the transformation to rutile results in the appearance of a dominant near-infrared peak. This characteristic change in the shape of the PL spectra demonstrate...
Male Pair-Formation Pheromones in Panorpa Scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

Female Panorpa responded olfactorily to conspecific males which have everted their genital pouches (i.e., “callings”). Females showed no olfactory response to males whose genital pouch was covered or to non-calling sexually inactive males. Males did not respond olfactorily to “calling” males, to receptive females, or to copulating pairs. Females responded olfactorily to copulating pairs. The pheromone (s) was attractive at distances up to 8 m.
Notes on the Distribution and Ethology of Efferia bicaudata(Diptera: Asilidae), with a Description of the Eggs

The robberfly Efferia bicaudata (Hine), widely distributed in southeastern Wyoming, occurs in late summer and early fall. It appears to be nonselective in its choice of prey. Prey records for 7 orders and 18 families are included. Mating is usually initiated in the air but completed on nearby vegetation. Eggs, which are creamy white and semi-oval, are deposited in the soil.
Checklist of Lichens of Crawford County, Pennsylvania

Abstract. Twenty-eight lichens are reported new to Crawford County, Pennsylvania, providing the most recent data on lichen diversity in the county. Previously, 20 lichens were collected in the early 1900s, of which three were confirmed in this study. The lichens identified at all sampling sites are Candelariella efflorescens, Cladonia ochrochlora, Flavoparmelia caperata, Lepraria finkii, Physcia millegrana, Phaeophyscia pusilloides and Phaeophyscia rubropulchra, all of which are common in northeastern North America.
Local cooling, plasma reheating and thermal pinching induced by single aerosol droplets injected into an inductively coupled plasma

Abstract The injection of a single micrometer-sized droplet into an analytical inductively coupled plasma (ICP) perturbs the plasma and involves three sequential effects: local cooling, thermal pinching and plasma reheating. Time-resolved two-dimensional monochromatic imaging of the load-coil region of an ICP was used to monitor this sequence of plasma perturbations. When a microdroplet enters the plasma, it acts as a local heat sink and cools the nearby plasma region. The cooling effect is considered local, although the cooling volume can be large and extends 6 mm from the physical location of the vaporizing droplet. The liberated hydrogen, from decomposition of water, causes a thermal pinch effect by increasing the thermal conductivity of the bulk plasma and accelerating heat loss at the plasma periphery. As a response to the heat loss, the plasma shrinks in size, which increases its power density. Plasma shrinkage starts around the same time when the microdroplet enters the plasma and lasts at least 2 ms after the droplet leaves the load-coil region. Once the vaporizing droplet passes through a particular plasma volume, that volume is reheated to an even higher temperature than under steady-state conditions. Because of the opposing effects of plasma cooling and reheating, the plasma conditions are different upstream (downward) and downstream (upward) from a vaporizing droplet — cooling dominates the downstream region whereas reheating controls in the upstream domain. The boundary between the local cooling and reheating zones is sharp and is only ~ 1 mm thick. The reheating effect persists a relatively long time in the plasma, at least up to 4 ms after the droplet moves out of the load-coil region. The restoration of plasma equilibrium after the perturbation induced by microdroplet injection is slow. Microdroplet injection also induces a momentary change in plasma impedance, and the impedance change was found to correlate qualitatively with the different stages of plasma perturbation.
Daily spontaneous running attenuated the central gain of the arterial baroreflex.

Exercise training attenuates arterial baroreflex function. Mechanisms responsible may include an attenuated aortic baroreceptor reactivity (afferent mechanisms) and/or an attenuated central baroreflex gain. We tested the hypothesis that the aortic baroreceptor reactivity and/or central gain is attenuated by daily spontaneous running (DSR). Eighteen anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (11 control and 7 DSR) were tracheotomized and instrumented with femoral venous and right carotid arterial catheters. Electrodes were placed around the left aortic depressor nerve and the lumbar sympathetic trunk. Eight to thirteen weeks of DSR were associated with a 20% increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio (2.83 +/- 0.04 vs. 3.39 +/- 0.10 g/kg; P
Minimal Hearing Loss: From a Failure-Based Approach to Evidence-Based Practice

Purpose A representative sample of the literature on minimal hearing loss (MHL) was reviewed to provide evidence of challenges faced by children with MHL and to establish the need for evidence-base...
Developing a University-Based Interprofessional Education Diagnostic Team to Identify Children with Possible Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Upon entering the workplace, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are required to work on interprofessional teams, yet many of these professionals have not received adequate preservice instruction on how to collaborate. Furthermore, collaborating to provide services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been found to improve developmental outcomes; however, many SLPs are not prepared to engage in this type of collaborative practice. Based on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA) recommendation that university programs include interprofessoinal education (IPE) into Communication Sciences and Disorders programs, coupled with the need to prepare students to provide interprofessional services for children with ASD, Wichita State University developed a field-based interprofessional diagnostic team for SLP students. The process used to develop this team followed Pickering and Embry’s recommended steps for cultivating interprofessional collaboration within a university environme...
The Dispositions of the Wise Steward and the Parts of Practical Wisdom

What virtues must the wise steward embody in order to manage in an excellent manner? Many lists of traits have been developed to identify personal qualities needed by those in managerial roles, but determining which such traits to draw from in a particular circumstance requires practical wisdom. This chapter focuses on the virtue of practical wisdom, investigating what it is, how it relates to other human traits, its constituent parts, its role in managerial activities, and its place in a good human life. The account draws from the wisdom tradition, especially as expressed in the writings of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, as well as contemporary authors who have revived concern for practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is the central virtue for the manager as wise steward.
Post-epilepsy surgery psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

SummaryObjectives We investigated the prevalence of post–epilepsy surgery psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and the possible influence of risk factors on these seizures. Methods In this retrospective study, we examined data from all patients with a clinical diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery at Graduate Hospital and the Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center between 1986 and 2016. Postsurgical outcome was identified for up to 15 years after surgery. Diagnosis of PNES was verified in the epilepsy monitoring unit with video–electroencephalography (EEG) ictal recording. Potential associated factors were assessed by comparing patients with or without postoperative PNES. Results A total of 1,105 patients were studied; 697 patients had postoperative seizures, and, of these, 27 patients (3.9%) had documented PNES after surgery. A full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) <80 was significantly associated with post-epilepsy surgery PNES (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–6.29). A history of a preoperative psychiatric diagnosis was also significantly associated with post–epilepsy surgery PNES (OR 4.67, p = 0.0001, 95% CI 2.01–10.82). Other factors were not significantly associated with post–epilepsy surgery PNES. Significance Post–epilepsy surgery PNES should be considered when patients report recurrent seizures after epilepsy surgery. Although these seizures probably occur relatively infrequently, attention to factors such as appearance of new ictal behaviors, a preoperative history of a psychiatric disorder, and a low full-scale IQ should raise suspicion and lead to appropriate diagnostic measures.
Chromium Deposits: Of Maryland and Eastern Pennsylvania

(1980). Chromium Deposits: Of Maryland and Eastern Pennsylvania. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 52-59.
Creating an online information literacy course for concurrent enrollment students: A collaboration with a state-sponsored online school

ABSTRACTThis article discusses a collaborative project to create an online one-credit library research course for high school students in a dual credit program. The project included a team of reference and instruction librarians at a midsize public university, the university's concurrent enrollment program, and an online state-sponsored school that provided courses to high school students. Current literature related to the information literacy knowledge gap, outreach to secondary schools, dual credit or concurrent enrollment programs, and for-credit online information literacy courses is reviewed. The process of creating the course will be discussed along with the benefits and challenges of the project.
Characteristics of gait of humans with incomplete spinal cord injury

Epidural spinal cord stimulation has been demonstrated to help the recovery of walking abilities of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury when combined with partial weight bearing therapy. However, no work has been done in studying the dynamics of these signals generated with and without stimulation. We show that the underlying dynamics of such signals is chaotic. We also estimate the correlation dimension of these signals and show the difference in the dynamics of gait with and without stimulation using the kinematic data of right knee and right hip. The correlation dimension thus estimated can be used to evaluate the efficiency of epidural spinal cord stimulation in patients.
A comparison of two social skills interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder.

A COMPARISON OF TWO SOCIAL SKILLS INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Grace Mathai March 3,2011 Social reciprocity deficits are a core feature of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a major source of impairment regardless of cognitive or language ability (Carter, Davis, Klin, & Volkmar, 2005). Since these impairments do not naturally remit with age, it is critical to intervene as early as possible to offset potential risk factors (Tantum, 2003). Group training approaches provide children with teaching opportunities with other children and allow for the direct instruction of skills within a structured environment (Bellini, Peters, Benner, & Hopf, 2007). Research in social skills group research has increased, but several questions remain. This study evaluated the outcome of a social skills curriculum for 37 children between the ages of 8 to 14 with a diagnosis of ASD within two different treatment contexts, the camp and clinic model. The camp model simulates a natural setting in which children with ASD spend 5 hours each day for 10 days where social skills are taught through engaging activities and interactions with peers both typical and with ASD. The clinic model, on the other hand, is a one hour a week session spread over 10 to 12 weeks where social skills are taught and practiced while parents observe through a one-way mirror and are trained on the intervention methods. Both clinic and camp model