cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-Purification of Dihydrofolate Synthetase and N10Formyltetrahydropteroyldiglutamate Synthetase from E. Coli

The enzymatic activities which add a single glutamate to di-hydropteroate (H2Pte) and to N10 formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate (N10formyl H4PteGlu) remained at a constant ratio when various purification techniques were used, including ammonium sulfate fractionation, isoelectric focusing, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephadex, CM-Sephadex, ADP-Sepharose, N10formylfolate-agarose or matrix Gel Red-A. The best combination of these methods yielded 900-fold purified enzyme. However, the kinetic properties were dependent upon the substrate used. H2Pte was a noncompetitive inhibitor (Kii = 1.1 µM) of the utilization of N10formylHi,PteGlu, but no inhibition was detected in the reciprocal experiment. Aminopterin was a competitive inhibitor (Kis = 370 µM) of the reaction with N10formylH4PteGlu but was not inhibitory with H2Pte as substrate. In the dihydrofolate synthetase reaction, in Tris-HCl, pH 8.9 with 50 mM KCl, the apparent Km values for glutamate and MgATP were 3.5 mM and 8.1 µM respectively. With N10formylH4PteGlu as substrate, these Km values were 1.2 mM and 80 µM. Since the two activities were not separated by protein purification procedures but exhibited different kinetic properties (including lack of reciprocal inhibition), the data suggest these reactions are catalyzed on independent sites of a common protein.
Reconstitution of Allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cells: The Essential Role of FcRγ and the TCR β-Chain-FCp33 Complex

Transplantation of purified allogeneic hemopoietic stem cells (SC) alone is characterized by a decreased risk of graft-vs-host disease but increased incidence of engraftment failure. It has been established that the facilitating cell (FC) promotes allogeneic SC reconstitution and results in donor-specific transplantation tolerance across MHC disparities, without graft-vs-host disease. Although the requirements for this facilitating function are not well-characterized, it is known that facilitation is dependent on FC expression of a unique heterodimer consisting of the TCR β-chain (TCRβ) and a 33-kDa protein, FCp33. The current study confirms that CD3e and TCRβ expression are present on the FC at the time of transplantation and demonstrates that the majority of cells in the FC population express the TCR signaling molecule, FcRγ, rather than the more conventional CD3ζ receptor. Of particular significance, we have now demonstrated that FC-mediated allogeneic SC reconstitution is critically dependent on FcRγ expression and that FcRγ coprecipitates with the TCRβ-FCp33 heterodimer. The mandatory requirement of TCRβ and FcRγ for FC function provides the first evidence of a previously undescribed role for FcRγ in the facilitation of allogeneic SC reconstitution and establishes that FcRγ is part of the TCRβ-FCp33 complex uniquely expressed on FC.
Neurogenesis in the Adult Avian Song-Control System

New neurons are added throughout the forebrain of adult birds. The song-control system is a model to investigate the addition of new long-projection neurons to a cortical circuit that regulates song, a learned sensorimotor behavior. Neuroblasts destined for the song nucleus HVC arise in the walls of the lateral ventricle, and wander through the pallium to reach HVC. The survival of new HVC neurons is supported by gonadally secreted testosterone and its downstream effectors including neurotrophins, vascularization, and electrical activity of postsynaptic neurons in nucleus RA (robust nucleus of the arcopallium). In seasonal species, the HVC→RA circuit degenerates in nonbreeding birds, and is reconstructed by the incorporation of new projection neurons in breeding birds. There is a functional linkage between the death of mature HVC neurons and the birth of new neurons. Various hypotheses for the function of adult neurogenesis in the song system can be proposed, but this remains an open question.
A Longitudinal Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action to Women's Career Behavior1

Based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), we hypothesized that young women's career intentions would be predicted by their gender-role attitudes and perceptions of their boyfriends' and parents' career-related preferences for them. Career intention was expected to predict future career behavior. The model was tested using longitudinal data from 105 women studied in 1973 and followed up 14 years later in 1987. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results supported the TRA: women's gender-role attitudes and their perceptions of important others' preferences predicted their career intentions, which predicted career behavior 14 years later. Implications for the study of women's careers and the longitudinal application of the TRA are discussed.
Regeneration of normal afferent input does not eliminate aberrant synaptic connections of an identified auditory interneuron in the cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus

In the cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, the dendritic arborizations of an identified auditory interneuron (Int-1) are normally restricted to the ipsilateral auditory neuropile; unilateral deafferentation causes the medial portion of the dendritic field to sprout across the midline and make functional connections with the contralateral auditory neuropile (Hoy et al., '78: Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 4:115, '85: Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA 82:7772–7786; Hoy and Moiseff, '79: Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 5:163). We have found that regeneration of the auditory afferents also results in an aberrant pattern of innervation of Int-1. Crickets were unilaterally deafferented during postembryonic development by crushing or cutting the auditory nerve. Regeneration of afferent-to-Int-1 connections was tested behaviorally. Of 86 nerve-crushed crickets tested as adults in the behavioral assay, 66% showed functional regeneration of the afferents. Similar results were obtained from the nerve-cut group. However, morphological investigations demonstrated that most of the regenerates still retained the aberrant contralateral dendritic projection. Electrophysiological recordings from these Int-1s showed that not only are some of them driven by their regenerated auditory afferents (the normal pathway) but that they retain their excitability via their contralateral dendrites (the aberrant pathway). This demonstrates that reinnervation of Int1 by its normal afferent pool neither causes retraction nor prevents the formation of connections made with foreign, contralateral afferents. When the contralateral afferent pool was removed after Int-1 had sprouted, the sprouts remained present, but preliminary results suggest that if the contralateral afferents are removed before Int-1 is deafferented, sprouts are not formed. The results are discussed in relation to the roles of competition and conservation of membrane area in controlling synapse formation.
Abstract 2085: Interleukin 33 promotes tumor development, progression, and metastasis in colorectal cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and the major cause of death is metastasis which is frequently targeted to the liver. Metastasis progression typically occurs without symptoms, and is often diagnosed at the final stage when little can be done to help the patient. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms at the early stages can lead to the identification of bio-molecular markers that might be useful for early diagnosis or as therapeutic targets to alleviate morbidity and mortality from the disease. To identify factors that promote CRC progression and liver metastasis, we utilized an orthotopic mouse model of CRC metastasis to the liver that we had developed by cecal implantation of CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cells followed by sequential in vivo selection to isolate a highly liver metastatic CRC cell line, CT26-FL3. A whole genome microarray analysis was performed to compare the genetic signature of CT26-FL3 to its isogenic parental cell line CT26. We identified interleukin (IL) 33 a one of the genes that was highly overexpressed in CT26-FL3 as compared to CT26 cells. We found that increased IL-33 expression was associated with advancing stages of CRC in patient samples and that its expression was already elevated in nascent adenomas in the ApcMin/+ mouse, a genetic mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis. To determine its role in promoting tumor progression, the murine colon cancer cell line MC38 was stably transfected with an Il33-expressing plasmid. We found that overexpression of IL-33 in MC38 cells promoted faster growth of the primary tumor and enhanced its metastasis into the liver. Taken together, the data suggest that IL33 might play an important role in the early development and progression to metastasis of CRC. IL-33 can function as a conventional cytokine or as a transcriptional regulator. It signals through a membrane bound ST2 receptor, as well as a soluble ST2 receptor that can act as a molecular sink to block its signaling pathway. Its potential as a viable marker for diagnosis or as a therapeutic target will be further determined in this study. Citation Format: Yu Zhang, Celestia Davis, Maria Marjorette Pena. Interleukin 33 promotes tumor development, progression, and metastasis in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2085. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2085
The Saturday mothers of turkey

For over a year, several hundred women have been holding regular Saturday vigils in Istanbul, Turkey. They are the “Saturday Mothers,” Turkey's answer to the “Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo” in Argentina. Like the Argentinean mothers, the Saturday Mothers have sons and daughters who one day left home or were taken away by the security forces, and never returned. In other words, the Saturday Mothers are the mothers of the disappeared in Turkey.
Words of power: personal empowerment and healing.

This paper examines instances of ritual use of words in a diverse selection of alternative healing groups in a modern society. These words are distinguished by their users' belief that they are endowed with a power, an effectiveness, separate from and in addition to their literal meaning. Three specific features of ritual language contribute to its effectiveness: (1) its function as an objectification of power, (2) its transformative functions — especially its metaphoric and metonymic usages, and (3) its performative aspects. This paper argues that one of the key factors in healing illness is mobilizing resources of power, especially enhancing the ill person's sense of personal empowerment. Ritual language use in alternative healing is one of the foremost elements in this empowerment, because it both represents and objectifies power. Within a belief system in which they are significant, words of power indeed have the power to effect healing.
Brief or New: WebQuests: An Instructional Strategy for the Occupational Therapy Classroom

SUMMARY WebQuests are an innovative teaching activity that promotes students to actively engage in their learning and work cooperatively in small groups. WebQuests have been widely used in K-12 environments in a variety of subjects and are gaining respect in universities. This paper will briefly describe the basic concept of a WebQuest and provide two examples of WebQuests developed for use in an occupational therapy curriculum.
An Analysis of Point-of-Care Serum and Urine Glucose Testing of Hyperglycemic Patients in the Nicu † 1023

An Analysis of Point-of-Care Serum and Urine Glucose Testing of Hyperglycemic Patients in the Nicu † 1023
Hanford, A Conversation about Nuclear Waste and Cleanup.

ROY E. GEPHART. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH 43201. 2003. Softbound, 388 pp. $34.95. ISBN 1-57477-134-5. The Hanford Reservation in southeastern Washington State was a major production site for nuclear weapons during the World War II and the Cold War era. For decades, plutonium has been produced by
Inequality, injustice and levelling down

The levelling down objection is the most serious objection to the principle of equality, but we think it can be conclusively defeated. It is serious because it pits the principle of equality squarely against the welfares of the persons whose welfares or resources are equalized. It suggests that there is something perverse about the principle of equality. In this paper, we argue that levelling down is not an implication of the principle of equality. To show this we offer a defence of, and partial elaboration of, what we call a common good conception of the principle of equality, which principle favours states in which everyone is better off to those in which everyone is worse off. We contrast this with what we call a purely structural conception of the principle of equality. The common good conception of equality involves two basic components: (1) in each circumstance there exists an ideal egalitarian distribution, which distributes equally all the available good in the distribution with the highest average welfare and (2) in evaluating how just the world is, it will matter how far the actual distribution is from the ideal distribution. The ideal egalitarian distribution in the circumstance is Pareto optimal and the approximation rule implies that Pareto superior states are less unjust than Pareto inferior states.1
Boundary contour method fracture analysis of bimaterial interface cracks

A variant of the boundary element method, called the boundary contour method (BCM), offers a further reduction in dimensionality. Consequently, boundary contour analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) problems does not require any numerical integration at all. The method is thus very computationally effective and accurate as shown in previous related studies. This paper presents a further development of the BCM for multi-region problems in 2-D elasticity, and an application of this development, coupled with the displacement correlation technique, to evaluating the stress intensity factors K1 and K2 for bimaterial interface cracks. Some preliminary tests conducted within this work suggest that the proposed technique is robust and able to provide highly accurate results of both K1 and K2 for this challenging class of fracture problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of resin in polyisoprene latices by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglycerides

Abstract Resin components act as diluents and plasticizers that can degrade the stress–strain properties of cured rubber compositions prepared from natural polyisoprene latices. Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis is an effective means of reducing the resin content of latex. By using a commercial lipase that is active at the pH of ammoniated latex, the resin contents of Hevea and guayule latices were reduced by about 7 and 33%, respectively. Maximum conversions of the latex resin triglycerides were obtained within about 12 h at 37°C. The recovery and recycle of lipase were easily effected.
Cloud-Chamber and Counter Studies of Cosmic Rays Underground

A counter controlled cloud chamber and two counter coincidence sets were used to study the nature of the cosmic rays observable underground. The experiments were performed in a copper mine at depths of 71, 141, 582, and 657 meters water equivalent. The data are easily interpreted, if one assumes that underground the primary rays are mesotrons and that the soft rays and showers are electronic secondaries produced by the penetrating mesotrons.
The cosmological constant, broken gauge theories and 3 K black-body radiation

Abstract It is suggested that the cosmological constant today be identified with the one provided by gauge theories at T = 3 K and not T = 0 K or T = 10 15 K as done so far. We then calculate Λ(3 K) in the σ-model, Weinberg-Salam model and Mohapatra and Sidhu model. While an acceptable value is obtained with the rather ideal σ-model, a very small Λ is obtained with the WS model. For the MS model, Λ can be fitted only if at least one of the Higgs mesons has a very light mass (≈3 K).
Regulation of leading edge microtubule and actin dynamics downstream of Rac1

Actin in migrating cells is regulated by Rho GTPases. However, Rho proteins might also affect microtubules (MTs). Here, we used time-lapse microscopy of PtK1 cells to examine MT regulation downstream of Rac1. In these cells, “pioneer” MTs growing into leading-edge protrusions exhibited a decreased catastrophe frequency and an increased time in growth as compared with MTs further from the leading edge. Constitutively active Rac1(Q61L) promoted pioneer behavior in most MTs, whereas dominant-negative Rac1(T17N) eliminated pioneer MTs, indicating that Rac1 is a regulator of MT dynamics in vivo. Rac1(Q61L) also enhanced MT turnover through stimulation of MT retrograde flow and breakage. Inhibition of p21-activated kinases (Paks), downstream effectors of Rac1, inhibited Rac1(Q61L)-induced MT growth and retrograde flow. In addition, Rac1(Q61L) promoted lamellipodial actin polymerization and Pak-dependent retrograde flow. Together, these results indicate coordinated regulation of the two cytoskeletal systems in the leading edge of migrating cells.
PV ramp limiting controls with adaptive smoothing filter through a battery energy storage system

Photovoltaic (PV) variability can adversely affect system frequency and voltage stability in a high PV penetration location. High cloud cover in a short time scale can cause excessive ramp rates for large PV array installations. Smoothing is desired to limit the impact of cloud shading on the distribution circuit. Existing algorithms typically are simple moving averages that introduce time lag. The goal of this paper is to introduce a control method to smooth PV power ramp rates with a focus on reducing battery size (cost) and energy throughput (life) requirements. Simulated data from a high PV penetration multi-megawatt (MW) solar array site with large ramp rates is analyzed. Simulations verify that the control schemes work for a reduced size battery system.
The internal structure of diamond by electrostatic charging in the SEM

Abstract The internal structure of both natural and synthesized diamonds can be revealed in great detail by electrostatic charging in the electron beam in a SEM. Closely spaced growth rings can be resolved by this simple technique which should be useful for characterizing diamonds for several applications.
Adrenal medulla denervation prevents stress-induced epinephrine plasma elevation and cardiac hypertrophy

Abstract Circulating catecholamines have been proposed as trophic agents for the heart. Denervation of the adrenal medullae, the major source of plasma epinephrine, totally blocked left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic coarctation in the dog. The level of epinephrine after adrenal medullary cholinergic denervation dropped to a mean of 10 pg/ml within 48 hours compared to 317 pg/ml in coarcted dogs with intact adrenal innervation, and 116 pg/ml in sham-coarcted controls. Decreased epinephrine levels were concomitant with a decrease in the heart weight to body weight ratios. These data implicate epinephrine as the specific hormone regulating cardiac hypertrophy.
Bayesian approach to inverse halftoning

There has been a tremendous amount of research in the area of image halftoning. Where the goal has been to find the most visually accurate representation given a limited palette of gray- levels (often just two, black and white). This paper focuses on the inverse problem, that of finding efficient techniques for reconstructing high-quality continuous-tone images from their halftoned versions. The proposed algorithms are based on a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation criteria using a Markov random field model for the prior image distribution. Image estimates obtained with the proposed model accurately reconstruct both the smooth regions of the image and the discontinuities along the edges. Algorithms are developed and example gray-level reconstructions are presented generated from both dithered and error diffused halftone originals.
Hell to Hope and Back Again: Uncertainty in Navigating the Landscape of a Correctional Substance Abuse Group

A substance abuse group for adult offenders in a correctional setting offers unique therapeutic challenges. Presented in a style like creative nonfiction, this exploration of a psychodynamic process group provides a lens into one group's journey through this complex therapeutic landscape. While illustrating interpersonal dynamics and obstacles faced by therapists when facilitating correctional groups, the author offers clinical insight into techniques beneficial to create group cohesion and therapeutic movement. This flowing narrative represents a style parallel to the creativity necessary to connect with this underserved population.
Control of longitudinal oscillations in a constant area combustor - Numerical simulation

The phenomenon of combustion driven oscillations has long held the interest of scientists and engineers. According to the so-called Rayleigh criterion [1], driving of the pressure oscillations occurs if the periodic heat release rate is generally coincident with the pressure oscillations. The main mechanisms involved are considered to be both thermoacoustic and vortical in nature [2-5]. Useful insight into the fundamental cause of combustion instability can be gained by considering the generalized Rayleigh criterion as advanced by Chu [6]. Due to the inherent complexity of the physical phenomena involved in combustion instability, research in this field has relied heavily on experimental observations [3-5, 7, 8], simplified linear analysis [9], or, more recently, largeeddy simulation [10]. Shyy and Udaykumar [11] have developed a one-dimensional nonlinear model to simulate the flow and heat release in a constant area combustor. The heat release model used there has been extended from experimental observations of Langhorne [12] and is a modified version of the model advanced by Bloxidge et al. [9]. The model developed in Ref. [9] follows from a onedimensional linear stability analysis for acoustic waves in ducts, relating the fluctuations of heat release rate at the gutter to the velocity fluctuations through an empirical factor determined from experiments. The heat fluctuation is then assumed to travel downstream at the average gutter velocity and thus the fluctuations at any downstream location specified. In the present model, instead of specifying the unsteady heat release at every point in time and space, the heat release rate at
Stress singularities at triple junctions with freely sliding grains

Abstract Stress singularities at grain triple junctions due to freely sliding grain boundaries in idealized two-dimensional single-phase polycrystals have been analyzed. The shear stress is assumed to be completely relaxed along the grain boundaries while the normal stress is allowed to be fully transmitted. The singularity exponent was found to be independent of the elastic constants of the grains, and for some triple junction configurations, super-singularities (i.e., stronger than the standard −0.5 as found at the tip of a crack in homogeneous material) were obtained. Interestingly, for most geometrical configurations, the solution structure indicates a fixed mode near the triple junction, irrespective of the far-field load combination.
Selective increase in phosphorylation of a 47-kDa protein (F1) directly related to long-term potentiation

Five minutes after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the intact hippocampal formation of chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats there was a selective increase in the in vitro phosphorylation state of a 47-kDa band (designated Protein F1). When low frequency, nonpotentiating stimulation was used, no change in Protein F1 was observed. LTP had no significant effect on other phosphoproteins measured at the 5-min time point. In vitro phosphorylation of Protein F1 5 min after LTP was directly related to the change in synaptic efficiency (r = +0.86, p
Current Trends in the Study of Early Christian Martyrdom

This paper investigate recent scholarship on early Christian martyrdom. It discusses the shift away from the study of the origins of martyrdom to an interest in martyrdom and the body, Christian identity formation, and martyrdom and orthodoxy. It further discusses the need for a reappraisal of the evidence for early Christian martyrdom and the renewed attention that questions of dating, authorship, and provenance have received.
EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT PROGRAMS AS A GROWING URBAN PROBLEM

This paper examines the relationship between public employee pension funds and local government revenues. The relationship is developed by first surveying, in a non-technical manner, the characteristics of public employee pension funds and suggesting some criteria for evaluation. Bureau of the Census data are used to explore these relationships, initially focusing on all U.S. cities and subsequently on Michigan cities. The central question addressed is the size and growth of pension contributions relative to the ability of cities to finance these obligations.
Novel protein purification system utilizing an N-terminal fusion protein and a caspase-3 cleavable linker

Coupled with over-expression in host organisms, fusion protein systems afford economical methods to obtain large quantities of target proteins in a fast and efficient manner. Some proteases used for these purposes cleave C-terminal to their recognition sequences and do not leave extra amino acids on the target. However, they are often inefficient and are frequently promiscuous, resulting in non-specific cleavages of the target protein. To address these issues, we created a fusion protein system that utilizes a highly efficient enzyme and leaves no residual amino acids on the target protein after removal of the affinity tag. We designed a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein vector with a caspase-3 consensus cleavage sequence located between the N-terminal GST tag and a target protein. We show that the enzyme efficiently cleaves the fusion protein without leaving excess amino acids on the target protein. In addition, we used an engineered caspase-3 enzyme that is highly stable, has increased activity relative to the wild-type enzyme, and contains a poly-histidine tag that allows for efficient removal of the enzyme after cleavage of the fusion protein. Although we have developed this system using a GST tag, the system is amenable to any commercially available affinity tag.
Estimating physical working capacity and training changes in the elderly at the fatigue threshold (PWCft).

The test for estimating physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCft), previously validated for young men, was evaluated for use with elderly men and women. A sample of 27 volunteer subjects (67·6 ± 5·6 years, 11 male, 16 female) was divided into three matched groups: (1) controls (n = 10), (2) low intensity (70% PWCft) training group (n = 10) and (3) high intensity (85% PWCft) training group (n = 7). The subjects were tested for PWCft before and after 10 weeks of exercise training on cycle ergometers (30min/day, 3 days/week). Controls did not exercise but met once a week for a health lecture. No significant pre-test to post-test change was noted in the mean PWCft of the control group (78·8-78·5 W); low intensity training resulted in 29·8% improvement in PWCft (81·0 to 105·0 W); and the high intensity group realized an improvement of 38·4% (83·6-115·7 W). One-way ANOVA -indicated that the gains made by each of the groups were significantly different (p < 0·01). Post hoc analysis revealed that...
The 1/γ velocity dependence of nucleon-nucleus optical potentials

Abstract The paper proposes that the isospin-independent part of the strong nuclear force is due to a two-component local potential: an attractive Lorentz-invariant scalar part and a repulsive four-vector part. Such a potential leads to energy dependence in the shape, volume integral, and rms radius of the real central optical potential of a nucleus. The volume integral diminishes linearly as 1/γ diminishes, γ being the Lorentz γ-factor of the incident nucleon; and the integral becomes repulsive above 200 MeV. The paper examines published results of empirical optical-model fits and shows that the trends in the data support the 1/γ dependence. An unorthodox fit by Elton at 180 MeV supports the model's apostrophe and predictions.
Combined cardiac catheterization and carotid cineangiography: An analysis of complications

Two hundred fifty-three patients underwent cardiac catheterization with selective cineangiography of the carotid arteries. Diagnostic angiograms of both the right and left carotid arteries were obtained in 240 patients (95%). Of these, 217 patients (90%) were studied without complication, 18 (8%) had minor complications, and five (2%) had major complications. Four of the five major complications occurred in patients with bilateral carotid atherosclerosis obliterans. Variations of catheterization technique used in an effort to reduce risk are discussed.
Sampling Theory for Asynoptic Satellite Observations. Part II: Fast Fourier Synoptic Mapping

Abstract A one to one correspondence between alias-free asynoptic data and twice-daily synoptic maps is established in the Synoptic Retrieval Theorem. The uniqueness follows from an extension of the Sampling Theorem. A Fast Fourier Transform Scheme is defined for retrieving the unique sequence of synoptic maps from the asynoptic observations. The procedure involves the construction of space-time spectra from “irregular,” combined asynoptic data. This is accomplished by application of the asynoptic form of the space-time transform. The “regular” sequence of synoptic maps is then recovered by application of the synoptic form of the inverse space-time transform. Twice-daily, synoptic sequences retrieved in this fashion, contain exactly the correct spectral contribution resolvable in both types of data. The technique conserves information and fully utilizes the information content of combined, asynoptic observations. Furthermore, it is directly amenable to parallel processing of data over large ensembles of l...
Retention of a spatial task after intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or intravenous injections of equal doses of atropine.

Summary The retention of a well-learned spatial task was assessed in rats after equal doses of atropine sulfate (30 mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Atropine sulfate disrupted first choice accuracy and escape latency measures of spatial retention. Intravenous and intraperitoneal atropine sulfate produced significant impairments in choice accuracy. However, only intravenous atropine sulfate produced a significant impairment in escape latency. Atropine sulfate administered subcutaneously never produced a significant impairment in spatial retention compared to the intravenous saline control. One would predict from the present findings that a centrally active drug might produce a highly variable effect on a specific behavior as a function of the parenteral route of administration.
Thermodynamics of the plutonium-zinc system

Abstract The thermodynamics of the zinc-rich portion of the plutonium-zinc system has been studied with a high-temperature galvanic cell method. The free energy, enthalpy and entropy of formation of the zinc-rich intermetallic compound, PuZn12, at 500° are −39· kcal mole−1, −73·3 kcal mole−1 and −43·4 cal deg−1 mole−1. The relative partial molal enthalpy and excess partial molal entropy of plutonium in dilute zinc solutions are −44·7 kcal mole−1 and −24·6 cal deg−1 mole−1. The solubility of plutonium in liquid zinc was measured and may be represented by the empirical equation: log x = 6·612 − 10090 T−1 + 1·461 × 106T−2, where x is atom fraction of plutonium. The magnitude of the thermodynamic quantities are discussed in terms of possible localized bonding and cluster formation in the liquid solution. The thermodynamics of three systems ThZn, UZn and PuZn are compared.
Structuring academic conflicts between majority and minority students: Hindrance or help to integration

Abstract The effects of two types of structured academic conflict, controversy and debate, were compared with individual study in a study on desegregation. Seventy-two sixth grade students were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for sex, reading ability, and ethnic membership. In all three conditions students studied a controversial issue with materials representing both pro and con views. In the controversy condition each learning group was divided into two pairs representing the pro and con sides. In the debate condition each member of a learning group was assigned a pro or con position to represent in a debate with the other three members. In the individualistic condition subjects were told to learn the material without interacting with other students and each student was given all the pro and con materials. The results indicate that controversy promotes the most cross-ethnic verbal rehearsal and exchange of the assigned material, the most concern that all students master the assigned material, the most active search for more information about the topic being studied, the most reevaluation of one's position and incorporation of opponents' arguments, the most liking for the subject matter and the instructional experience, the highest self-esteem, and the most accepting and supportive relationships among minority and majority students. The debate condition generated higher levels of these dependent variables than did individualistic study.
The bodhisattva ideal and organ transplantation

Mahayana Buddhism has as its ideal thebodhisattva (Sanskrit: enlightenment being). The bodhisattva practices are based on the Six Perfections, the first of which is the perfection of giving. This perfection of giving involves not only one's possessions but also includes one's body. Numerous scriptural quotations relate to bodhisattvas offering their bodies and organs to those in need. Therefore, Mahayana Buddhism firmly supports organ transplantation as benefiting both the donor and recipient. While Mahayana Buddhism does not accept the concept of brain death as meaning the true death of the individual, the severely limited life span of such individuals and their apparent lack of awareness permits the collection of organs from such individuals as long as the organs are freely given without any profit or obligatory motives involved. As the consciousness is felt to reside within the corpse for a period of time after physical death is manifest, some Buddhists, especially those practicing Tantra, feel that disturbing the corpse at that time could adversely affect the consciousness still residing within. Tantric practitioners may choose not to donate their organs so as to leave their corpse undisturbed, since it is felt that the time of death is an especially powerful moment in which to practice certain yogas in order to realize spiritual advancement.
Silencing heat shock factor 1 by small interfering RNA abrogates heat shock-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

Induction of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is known to associate with cellular response to divergent pathophysiological stresses including whole body hyperthermia (WBH) and ischemia-reperfusion. However, a direct cause-effect relationship between HSF1 activation and cytoprotection induced by myocardial preconditioning has not been conclusively established, mainly due to the limitations of available experiment tools. In the present studies, we used a novel approach to block HSF1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique in vivo. Male adult ICR mice were treated intraperitoneally with amine (vehicle) or siRNA specific to HSF1 (siRNA-HSF1). Three days later, WBH preconditioning protocol (rectal temperature 42 degrees C for 15 min) was applied to these mice under light anesthesia. WBH preconditioning resulted in 2.7-fold and 3.4-fold increase in cardiac HSF1 mRNA and protein expression respectively 2 hours after WBH, which was inhibited in the siRNA-treated mice. The silencing effect of siRNA on HSF1 was associated with complete loss of the infarct- limiting protection by WBH preconditioning after 48 hours. Pretreatment with siRNA-HSF1 had no effect on infarct size in the sham control animals as compared with the amine-treated group. DNA micro-array analysis revealed that siRNA-HSF1 caused a general inhibition on multiple members of HSP family, except Hsp32, Hsp47 and Hsp60. In addition, the silencing effect of siRNA on HSF1 and HSPs gene expression was transient and its inhibitory effect disappeared by 10 days after treatment. siRNA-HSF1 also impaired the thermotolerance of the heat shocked mice as indicated by higher mortality following WBH. For the first time, we have applied siRNA technique in the field of myocardial preconditioning to demonstrate HSF1 activation as an essential step in WBH preconditioning against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Oxygenation saves fish from farm effluent on english river

Abstract An incident is described in which injected oxygen was used to restore the level of dissolved oxygen in a river following leakage of agricultural effluent. The effluent was a mixture of farm slurry and silage liquor. The method of injection is described and some indication of the effect of oxygenation is given in dissolved oxygen readings taken at selected points before and after oxygenation commenced.
EFFECT OF THE UNSATURATED BOND ON THE DEGRADATION OF THE TETRAGALACTURONIC ACIDS BY A TRANSELIMINASE.

Effect of the Unsaturated Bond on the Degradation of the Tetragalacturonic Acids by a Transeliminase
Does the internet level the playing field? Gender and on-line car quotes

This study investigated whether the Internet reduced gender bias in U.S. car price quotes. Previous research has shown that when buying identical cars, women were often quoted significantly higher prices than their male counterparts in traditional on-site transactions. A sample of 114 California car dealership websites was used to examine if gender bias persisted in the online sales channels. Price quotes were requested online by one male and one female persona whose demographic profiles differed only by gender. While no statistically significant difference in the price offered to the male and female was found, the female persona received more price quotes, and a lower average price than the male. These results suggest that when females are in the car buying market, utilizing the Internet can result in more equitable pricing. This not only informs e-commerce pricing and theory development, but consumers and industry representatives interested in internet sales.
Effect of oral contraceptives containing 20 and 35 μg ethinyl estradiol on urinary prostacyclin and thromboxane levels in smokers and non-smokers

Abstract Objective: Several observational epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in oral contraceptive (OC) users who smoke cigarettes. Nearly a quarter of all OC users are smokers. The etiology of MI in OC users has been shown to be thrombotic, and the thrombogenic effect of OCs appears to be due to the estrogen component of the formulation. There are epidemiologic data that indicate that decreasing the estrogen dosage in OCs decreases the risk of thrombosis. Smoking may enhance thrombosis in OC users by decreasing prostacyclin levels. The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction between smoking and OC use with respect to thrombogenesis by studying the effects of OCs and smoking on urinary levels of prostacyclin PGI and thromboxane A 2 TX in smokers and non-smokers. Study Design: A total of 60 healthy women, aged 19–32 years, who were not taking any hormonal treatment for at least 3 months prior to initiating the study were divided into three equal groups: A) OC users who smoked ( N = 20), B) OC users who did not smoke ( N = 20), and a control group of 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers. To be eligible to participate in the study, all smokers had to smoke at least one pack of cigarettes per day. Each OC treatment group was randomized to receive either norethindrone (NET) acetate (1 mg)/ethinyl estradiol (EE 2 ) (0.035 mg) ( N = 10) or NET acetate (1 mg)/EE 2 (0.02 mg) ( N = 10) daily for 3 months. Overnight urine collections and fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 3 months prior to taking the last OC. Serum levels of NET and EE 2 , as well as urinary levels of cotinine and the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A 2 (6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α and thromboxane B 2 , respectively), were measured by specific immunoassays. Results: Study subjects showed compliance with respect to smoking and OC use as determined by the levels of serum NET, EE 2 , and cotinine. Comparing mean levels of PGI metabolites in the two groups of OC smokers, those taking 35 μg EE 2 showed a significant decrease in PGI. Comparing the ratio of PGI/TX in all smokers, only the smokers on the 35 μg formulation showed a significant decrease in the ratio, while there was no change in the 20 μg group. No significant changes in the ratio PGI/TX during the same time interval in smoking and non-smoking controls and OC non-smokers were observed. Conclusions: Women smokers taking 20 μg EE 2 OC had no thrombophilic changes of PGI and TXA 2 metabolites. Women smokers taking 35μg EE 2 oral contraceptive had thrombophilic changes in PGI/TXA metabolite ratio. Women smokers who use oral contraceptives may have less thrombotic risk taking formulations with 20μg EE 2 than 35μg EE 2 .
Perspectives on performance assessment in medical simulation

Abstract The work upon which this paper is based was supported by an award to Massachusetts General Hospital – CIMIT from the US Department of Defense. The opinions expressed herein are the sole responsibility of the author and do not represent the policy of the US Department of Defense.
DVD compilations of Hindi film songs: (Re)shuffling sound, stardom, and cinephilia

Much of the current scholarship on DVDs within the context of India specifically, and the global South more generally has explored emerging informal economies, shifting urban landscapes, and re-mapped relations within and between the global South and North with respect to copyright and piracy. In order to broaden the scope of this research, I approach the DVD as a textual object and explore how the DVD technology's (re)produces intergenerational cinephilia as well as ‘visual’ and ‘aural’ stardom. In pursuing this line of inquiry in the context of Bombay cinema, I seek to widen the range of available textual analyses of DVD, which are largely anchored in western cinema. This research focuses on the fidelity and technical virtuosity of sound on DVDs; here, sound, remains, an aural entity. A cursory glance at the DVDs produced in India show that the picturization sound is also a crucial feature of DVD organization. DVD compilations of Hindi film music offer a particularly rich site for beginning research on ...
Electric-field-induced critical phenomena at the nematic-isotropic transition and the nematic-isotropic critical point

A convenient method for measuring the dc Kerr effect on the stage of a polarizing microscope is described. Two novel illustrations of this technique are presented: a low-field determination of the pretransitional Kerr effect in the isotropic phase of a nematic having a negative dielectric anisotropy and measurements of the birefringence on both sides of the nematic-isotropic ($N\ensuremath{-}I$) phase boundary as the $N\ensuremath{-}I$ critical point is approached by applying very high electric fields to a nematic with positive dielectric anisotropy.
Oncogenic Marek’s disease viruses lacking the 132 base pair repeats can still be attenuated by serial in vitro cell culture passages

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) can be attenuated by serially passing the virus in cell culture. During cell culture passage, two copies of a 132 bp repeat are expanded to over 30 copies. We deleted the two copies of the 132 bp repeat region in a pathogenic MDV and demonstrated that the virus was still pathogenic. The pattern and frequency of tumors in the parental and mutant virus were the same. Early virus replication, and the appearance of persistent neurological disease were also similar between the parental and deleted virus. Nevertheless, wild-type MDV and the deletion virus could be attenuated by serial in vitro cell culture passages. Based upon analyzing the passage 40 viruses, attenuation of the MDV lacking the 132 bp repeats appears to occur in a manner that is analogous to the process occurring wild-type MDV attenuation. Whatever process is involved in the cell culture attenuation of MDV, the mechanism does not involve the 132 bp repeat region.
Oxygen-dependent signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle

The pulmonary circulation constricts in response to acute hypoxia, which is reversible on reexposure to oxygen. On exposure to chronic hypoxia, in addition to vasoconstriction, the pulmonary vasculature undergoes remodeling, resulting in a sustained increase in pulmonary vascular resistance that is not immediately reversible. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is physiological in the fetus, and there are many mechanisms by which the pulmonary vasculature relaxes at birth, principal among which is the acute increase in oxygen. Oxygen-induced signaling mechanisms, which result in pulmonary vascular relaxation at birth, and the mechanisms by which chronic hypoxia results in pulmonary vascular remodeling in the fetus and adult, are being investigated. Here, the roles of cGMP-dependent protein kinase in oxygen-mediated signaling in fetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and the effects of chronic hypoxia on ion channel activity and smooth muscle function such as contraction, growth, and gene expression were discussed.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the lung with sawdust and horse‐protein hypersensitivity

Summary A typical case of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma, ascertained by lung biopsy, is reported. Immunological studies showed multiple hypersensitivity against wood dust extracts, horse serum, horse hair and danders proteins. Inhalation of these two groups of substances reproduced most of the acute symptoms of the disease. Therefore, a causal relationship seemed highly probable. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma in which an allergic origin could be substantiated.
Photoluminescent Properties of Cadmium Selenide in Contact with Solutions and Films of Metalloporphyrins. Evidence for Semiconductor-Mediated Adduct Formation of Oxygen with Metalloporphyrins at Room Temperature

The band-edge photoluminescence (PL) intensity of etched n-CdSe single crystals is modulated through adsorption of 17 porphyrins and metalloporphyrins from methylene chloride solution. In nitrogen-saturated solution, the PL intensity is reversibly enhanced through adduct formation with octaethylporphyrin (OEP), tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), their divalent Co, Cu, and Cd derivatives, and with tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFP), tetra-(4-tolyl)porphyrin (TTP), and tetra-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP); in contrast, the PL intensity is reversibly quenched by exposure to divalent Mg, Ni, and Zn complexes of OEP and TPP. The concentration dependence of the PL changes can be fit to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model to yield binding constants that range from ∼103 to 105 M-1. Saturating methylene chloride with oxygen rather than nitrogen does not affect the CdSe PL nor does oxygen affect the (metallo)porphyrin absorption spectra in methylene chloride solution. However, many of the metalloporphyrin-induced PL ...