cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brachytherapy and bivalirudin evaluation study.

Background Bivalirudin is shown to be a competent substitute for heparin in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in patients undergoing PCI and vascular brachytherapy (VBT) are not known. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin as a single antithrombotic agent in patients undergoing PCI and VBT. Methods A total of 152 patients enrolled in the Brachytherapy and Bivalirudin Evaluation Study underwent PCI and VBT with either gamma (n = 8) or β radiation (n = 144). The main outcome measures were in-hospital events and 30-day clinical outcomes. All patients were treated with bivalirudin (0.75 mg/kg bolus and 1.75 mg/kg per hour infusion for β radiation, 1 mg/kg bolus and 2.5 mg/kg per hour infusion for gamma radiation) as a single antithrombotic agent during the entire procedure. Results Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. More than 90% of the patients received β radiation. In-hospital events showed a higher prevalence of acute procedural intracoronary thrombosis in patients treated with gamma- vs β radiation (25% vs. 0.7%, P Conclusion Bivalirudin, as a single antithrombotic agent during PCI and VBT with β emitters, may be used safely, but its use in the setting of PCI and gamma radiation may not be acceptable due to an increased incidence of acute procedural intracoronary thrombosis.
Internal Funds and Automobile Industry Investment: An Evaluation of the Seltzer Hypothesis

Discussion of the role of internally generated funds as a dynamic and influential determinant of investment decisions has been renewed lately in the macroeconomic investment literature. While there is a current revival, the hypothesis is not a new one. In the classic study of the financial history of eight leading American automobile manufacturers over the period 1910 to 1926, Lawrence H. Seltzer concludes that â€œthe greatest part of the growth in their capital resources was derived from reinvested profits; and that this source accounts for much the greater part of their present invested capital.â€ He estimates that for the period through 1926 net aggregate reinvested profits were equal, on average, to almost 80 percent of the value of tangible invested capital.3 Seltzer suggests that this remarkably high percentage was the result of the unique situation of the automobile industry, although carefully pointing out that the general importance of internal funds may be greater than commonly realized.
Job satisfaction among chain community pharmacists: results from a pilot study

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to obtain pilot data concerning the job satisfaction of Tucson area retail chain setting and to identify the facets of community practice that have the greatest contribution to job satisfaction. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of chain pharmacists in the Tucson area. The Warr-CookWall questionnaire of job satisfaction was used to evaluate community pharmacists’ satisfaction with their current position. This study used Rasch analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The Rasch scores obtained for each respondent were used as a dependent variable in univariate and bivariate analyses to evaluate differences in job satisfaction. Results: A total of 32 pharmacists responded from 129 chain community pharmacies in the cities of Tucson, Marana and Oro Valley, Arizona. The mean (SD) Rasch score for job satisfaction was 0.93 (2.1). Results from bivariate analysis indicate that pharmacists in the Tucson area with practice experience outside community pharmacy were less satisfied with their job compared to those without experience outside community pharmacy (p<0.01). Conclusions: This pilot evaluation suggests that having pharmacy experience outside community practice affects pharmacist job satisfaction. Additionally, findings from this study indicate that there is reliability and validity evidence to support the use of the modified Warr-Cook-Wall questionnaire for assessing overall job satisfaction in chain community pharmacy practice.
CHIEFTAINCY POLITICS AND COMMUNAL IDENTITY IN WESTERN NIGERIA, 1893–1951

This article examines the dimensions of indigenous political structures that sustained local governance in colonial Yorubaland. Legitimated by reconstructed traditional political authorities and modern concepts of development, Yoruba indigenous political structures were distorted by the system of indirect rule. Conversely, obas (Yoruba monarchs), baales (head chiefs), chiefs, Western-educated Christian elites and Muslim merchants embraced contending interpretations of traditional authorities to reinforce and expand their power in a rapidly shifting colonial context. With a strong emphasis on development and governance, collective political action also entailed the struggle over the distributive resources of the colonial state. Traditional and modern political leaders deployed strong communal ideologies and traditional themes that defined competing Yoruba communities as natives and outsiders.
Impact of cage density on pullet performance and blood parameters of stress

The effects of cage density on pullet live performance and blood indices of stress were evaluated in two commercial White Leghorn strains housed at 38, 32, 26, and 20 birds per cage from Day 1 to 6 wk of age, and 19, 16, 13, and 10 birds per cage from 6 to 18 wk. Cage densities of 26 and 13 birds per cage represent a U.S. standard of 142 and 284 cm2 per bird that is often applied in commercial pullet rearing. Cage density treatments include confounding cage, feeder, and drinker spaces per bird as might be encountered in commercial practice when growing more pullets per cage. Body weight was significantly reduced at greater bird densities in both strains; however, one strain was affected as early as 6 wk of age, whereas in the other strain, body weight was not reduced significantly until 18 wk. Feed intake was increased by more than 13% in both strains at the lowest density treatment (20 birds per cage) from Day 1 to 2 wk but reduced by more than 9% by higher cage densities during the remainder of the study. Feed conversion (FC) ratio was similarly improved (i.e., reduced) when more pullets were housed per cage, and increased when fewer birds were placed per cage compared to the standard. Despite a significant reduction in feed intake and a corresponding loss of body weight, cage density treatments had no significant affect on hemagglutinin titers to sheep red blood cell antigen, percentage heterophils (H), lymphocytes (L), or the H:L ratio. However, pullet age and strain differences were observed for all blood parameters. Overall, treatments allowing more cage, feeder, and drinker spaces per bird than the U.S. commercial standard provided no body weight advantage, and allowed for greater feed intake and poorer FC at several ages.
Cortical evoked response recovery functions: Physiological manifestations of the psychological refractory period?

A group of 12 young adults were subjects in two separate experiments. In the first experiment subjects listened to 71 dB clicks presented in stimulus sequences consisting of a single click and a pair of clicks. Interspersed at random among these loud clicks were soft clicks—singles and pairs of clicks—which subjects were required to detect and respond to by pressing a button. Average evoked potentials (AEPs) to the second click of the pairs of loud clicks were investigated as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI), which had values of 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 msec distributed at random. In the second experiment, similar sequences of clicks were used. Single clicks were soft clicks, pairs of clicks were loud clicks, and subjects were required to respond as quickly as possible to the second click of each pair. Reaction time (RT) was investigated as a function of the ISI, which varied as in the first experiment. Both the latency of the P1 and P2 components of the AEP and the RT were found to increase with decreasing ISI. These results were statistically significant at the .01 level of confidence. Analysis of covariance suggested that the latency differences in P1 associated with ISI could account for nearly half of the RT variance due to ISI. Findings suggest that latency differences in the P1 component of the AEP may provide a physiological basis for the delays known as the psychological refractory period which occur in the processing of closely-spaced stimuli.
A Black Republic: Citizenship and naturalisation requirements in Liberia

In 1822 Liberia was founded as a place where free(d) enslaved African Americans could find freedom and liberty. While many of them did, the indigenous African population was, for a long time, excluded from citizenry despite fulfilling one of the essential criteria to be eligible for Liberians citizenship: Being Black. This prerequisite remains part of Liberian law today, rendering non-Blacks ineligible for Liberian citizenship. Today, this mostly affects the Lebanese community who originally came as traders and entrepreneurs to Liberia. This article analyses why Liberians defend race-based exclusionary citizenship practices.
PCMDI/LLNL Visit Report

The report includes the activity that has been done during the visit of Dr. Sandro Fiore at the PCMDI/LLNL (Livermore, CA - USA). It highlights also, future tasks and activities planned for the next months/year. The report consists of the following ten sections: preliminary activity, architectural design, implementation tasks, documentation, main achievement, future roadmap, meetings, talks, joint papers, acknowledgements.
Cancer-treatment-induced neurotoxicity—focus on newer treatments

Neurotoxicity caused by traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is widely recognized in patients with cancer. The adverse effects of newer therapeutics, such as biological and immunotherapeutic agents, are less well established, and are associated with considerable neurotoxicity in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This Review addresses the main neurotoxicities of cancer treatment with a focus on the newer therapeutics. Recognition of these patterns of toxicity is important because drug discontinuation or dose adjustment might prevent further neurological injury. Knowledge of these toxicities also helps to differentiate treatment-related symptoms from progression of cancer or its involvement of the nervous system. Familiarity with the neurological syndromes associated with cancer treatments enables clinicians to use the appropriate treatment for the underlying malignancy while minimizing the risk of neurological damage, which might preserve patients' quality of life.
Permanent Cutaneous Ureterostomy: 18 Years of Experience

Abstract We have reviewed 84 patients managed with cutaneous ureterostomy during the last 18 years. If at least 1 hypertrophied and dilated ureter is available cutaneous ureterostomy is a safe and effective diversion, with satisfactory late functional results. Stomal stenosis remains a continuing problem but usually is managed easily if present. Cutaneous ureterostomy should be used in selected patients until the ideal form of vesical substitution is achieved.
Intermodulation Crosstalk Characteristics of WDM Silicon Microring Modulators

We elaborate on and experimentally characterize the intermodulation crosstalk properties of a 10-Gb/s silicon microring modulator. Bit-error-rate measurements and eye diagrams are used to discern the degradation in signal quality due to intermodulation crosstalk. Evaluation of the power penalties with varying channel spacing are used to support wavelength-division-multiplexed cascaded microring modulator channel spacings as dense as 100 GHz with negligible expected intermodulation crosstalk.
Effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on hepatic transaminase and cysteine desulfhydrase systems.

Summary1. The glutamic-pyruvic, glutamine-pyruvic, and gluamine-phenylpyruvic reactions, and cysteine desulfhydrase activity were determined in homogenates of livers of vit. B6-deficient rats and vit. B6-supplemented control rats. 2. Glutamic-pyruvic tansaminase activity was considerable reduced in livers of the deficient animals, while the glutamine-pyruvic and glutamine-phenylpyruvic reactions proceeded at approximately equal rates in control and deficient rats. 3. Cysteine desulfhydrase activity was markedly reduced in the livers of the deficient animals. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate to homogenates of the livers of the deficient animals resulted in restoration of most of the cysteine desulf-hydrase activity. 4. The implications of these findings in terms of the participation of vit. B6 in the glutamine-α-keto acid reactions are discussed.
Filling in the gaps with non-standard body fluids.

Abstract Objectives Body fluid specimens other than serum, plasma or urine are generally not validated by manufacturers, but analysis of these non-standard fluids can be important for clinical diagnosis and management. Laboratories, therefore, rely on the published literature to better understand the validation and implementation of such tests. This study utilized a data-driven approach to determine the clinical reportable range for 11 analytes, evaluated a total bilirubin assay, and assessed interferences from hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia in non-standard fluids. Design and methods Historical measurements in non-standard body fluids run on a Beckman Coulter DxC800 were used to optimize population-specific clinical reportable ranges for albumin, amylase, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride and urea nitrogen run on the Beckman Coulter AU680. For these 11 analytes, interference studies were performed by spiking hemolysate, bilirubin, or Intralipid® into abnormal serous fluids. Precision, accuracy, linearity, and stability of total bilirubin in non-standard fluids was evaluated on the Beckman Coulter AU680 analyzer. Results The historical non-standard fluid results indicated that in order to report a numeric result, 4 assays required no dilution, 5 assays required onboard dilutions and 2 assays required both onboard and manual dilutions. The AU680 total bilirubin assay is suitable for clinical testing of non-standard fluids. Interference studies revealed that of the 11 total AU680 analyte measurements on non-standard fluids, lipemia affected 1, icterus affected 3, and hemolysis affected 5. Conclusions Chemistry analytes measured on the AU680 demonstrate acceptable analytical performance for non-standard fluids. Common endogenous interference from lipemia, icterus, and hemolysis (LIH) are observed and flagging rules based on LIH indices were developed to help improve the clinical interpretation of results.
Chain-Folding Structure of a Semicrystalline Polymer in Bulk Crystals Determined by 13C–13C Double Quantum NMR

A unique approach using 13C–13C double quantum (DQ) NMR combined with selective 13C isotope labeling is proposed to investigate the chain trajectory of the synthetic polymer in bulk crystals. Since the DQ buildup curve highly depends upon coupled spin number, topology, and internuclear distance, which originated from the chain trajectory of selectively 13C-labeled polymers, the adjacent re-entry site and fraction under finite chain-folding number can be determined.
Endovascular Treatment of the Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: Single-Center Experience and a Systematic Review

Background Endovascular treatment of posterior cerebral artery aneurysms is challenging because of the particular features of posterior circulation vessels. We performed a systematic review of the literature, to assess safety and efficacy associated to their endovascular treatment. Methods Through a literature search, we identified 20 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We also performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated at our institution during the last 10 years. Demographics, angiographic features, clinical presentation, and outcome were extracted from each study. Data were combined using a random effects model and heterogeneity was assessed by I2. Results We retrieved 7 patients from our institutional series and 246 from the literature. Overall, 253/259 patients/aneurysms were included in this study. A selective coiling was performed in 27% of cases, a stent-assisted coiling in 2%, and a parent artery occlusion in 62%. Immediate complete/near-complete occlusion was obtained in 96% of cases and maintained in 90% at follow-up. No differences were observed between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Ischemic complications were reported in 15% of cases, although the most frequent was a hemianopsia in 7%; a hemiparesis was reported in only 2% of cases. Mortality was overall 1%. Ischemic complications were more frequent among patients who underwent nonselective treatment (P Conclusions Endovascular treatment of posterior cerebral artery aneurysms is associated with increased degree of occlusion and low recurrence rate. However, a parent artery occlusion implies complications, even although most of them are minor events such as hemianopsia.
A comparison of electrophysiologic testing with Holter monitoring to predict antiarrhythmic-drug efficacy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Electrophysiologic Study versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Investigators.

Background Invasive electrophysiologic study and noninvasive Holter monitoring (in conjunction with exercise testing) have both been used to evaluate the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and in survivors of cardiac arrest. We directly compared these two approaches to the prediction of drug efficacy. Methods A total of 486 patients who had documented ventricular tachyarrhythmias that were inducible during electrophysiologic study and 10 or more premature ventricular complexes per hour during Holter monitoring were randomly assigned to undergo serial testing of antiarrhythmic-drug efficacy by electrophysiologic study or Holter monitoring. The patients received up to six drugs in random order until one was predicted to be effective either in suppressing inducible arrhythmia (in the electrophysiologic-study group) or in suppressing premature ventricular complexes (in the Holter-monitoring group). The patients were then followed for recurrences of arrhythmia o...
Research of interfacial tension and Emulsification performance relevance of ASP compound system

Through the emulsified experiments carried on with different interfacial tension systems and the crude oil,the author Prepares a series of different magnitudes of the interfacial tension value and the different emulsified effect samples,and inspects the corresponding relations between interfacial tension performance and the emulsified performance.the author has studied the relations between interfacial tension performance and the emulsified degree.
Redefining the healthcare paradigm. A proposal for successful provider integration.

The integrated delivery system (IDS) will be the dominant healthcare organization in the future. To succeed, the system must radically break from the traditional healthcare paradigm. The author des...
Relationships of gastrin dose, serum gastrin, and acid secretion.

Constant intravenous infusions with pure human gastrin I were performed in dogs with Heidenhain pouches. In addition to control saline infusion, rates of gastrin infusion for each dog included 0.125, 0.250, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 μg per kg per hr. Serum gastrin concentrations, measured by radioimmunoassay, were obtained immediately prior to, and, at 30-min intervals, during and following intravenous gastrin infusions. Gastric acid output from Heidenhain pouches was recorded and measured for 15-min periods prior to, during, and following intravenous infusions with gastrin. Serum gastrin concentrations were examined in relation to acid output. Progressive increases in serum gastrin concentration, accompanied by progressive increases in acid output, were observed in association with increasing rates of gastrin infusion up to 1.0 μg per kg per hr. Although gastrin concentrations were augmented by increasing the rate of gastrin infusion from 1 μg to 2 μg per kg per hr, there was no accompanying increase in acid output. A plot of the log of the infusion rate of gastrin (or elimination rate) and the log of the serum gastrin concentration yielded a straight line with a slope which did not differ significantly from 1. This indicated that gastrin elimination is first order (exponential) throughout the range of doses examined. The half-life of the gastrin molecule was also determined for the various different rates of gastrin infusion. The mean metabolic clearance rate for gastrin was found to be 767 ± 51 liters per day.
Museum Design Experiences That Recognize New Ways to Be Smart

NYSCI’s Design Lab is an innovation laboratory for science, technology, engineering, and math learning through design. Developed for the general public, teachers, and schools, Design Lab includes a 9500 square foot museum exhibition with facilitated design activities, a series of digital resources and mobile tools for teachers and classrooms, and ongoing professional development of teachers. Contrary to inquiry-based science that aims for one elegant explanation to describe a wide range of phenomena, engineering design deals in situational tradeoffs where there are a number of right answers that depend on how you define the problem, the materials and tools available, and the context in which you intend to use your solution. NYSCI has been experimenting with how to create engineering design experiences that personally motivate all types of learners to wrestle with STEM-related content and to generate their own divergent solutions. In this chapter, we share insights into how the quality of the invitation into engineering activities allows different learners to experience success and to exhibit skill sets and expertise that aren’t always privileged in school. We also explore how museum-based design activities can serve as catalysts for teachers to witness their students’ strengths in action and the strategies and tools for extending engineering design into their classrooms.
An Experimental Investigation on the Determinants of Online Hotel Booking Intention

ABSTRACTOnline hotel booking is a common practice among potential travelers. When booking a hotel room, potential travelers make their decisions by analyzing limited information, such as number of rooms sold at a specific price, availability of rooms, and consumer ratings. Considering the importance of information clues that facilitate potential travelers’ decision-making, this study attempted to identify main effects and interaction effects of diverse information clues, such as scarcity, popularity, and consumer ratings, when booking a hotel room. Utilizing a 2Scarcity × 2Popularity × 2Ratings factorial design, popularity and consumer ratings had main effects on the booking intention. In addition, the interaction effect of scarcity and popularity was identified. More implications are discussed in the main body of this paper.
Beyond the “Male Gaze”—Conceiving the “Fourth” Gaze in La bestia nel cuore

Cristina Comencini’s 2005 film La bestia nel cuore confronts the traditional cinematic gaze, creating an alternative vision of femaleness and female behavior, according to Ryan Calabretta-Sajder’s essay “Beyond the Male Gaze: Conceiving the ‘Fourth’ Gaze in La bestia nel cuore.” He identifies in Comencini’s work an internal gaze that steers female characters to a state of empowerment. The originality of this narrative technique is reinforced by the focus on both heterosexual and lesbian sexual desire, creating an inclusive work that embraces a myriad of female experiences. Comencini significantly transforms the concept of the cinematic gaze while also offering a vision of a more diverse, tolerant, and inclusive cinema.
Beyond Trust: The Neglected Role of Emotion in Economic Exchange and Governance

Oliver Williamson has stated that "trust" is frequently misused for phenomena better explained as calculativeness and that non-calculative "trust" is irrelevant when explaining economic exchange. T...
Efficiency Gains from Addition of Technologies: A Nonparametric Approach

The theory of contestable markets, see Baumol, Panzar and Willig (1982), applies notions like (dis-)economies of scope to investigate if combining two or more firms (plants) increases efficiency. Various parametric methods have been suggested to test or estimate (dis-)economies of scope as well as the more general notion of sub/super additivity of cost functions, see e.g., Baumol, Panzar and Willig (1982) or Evans and Heckman (1984).
Testing Logic Circuits for Probabilistic Faults

Testing circuit vulnerability to probabilistic faults, like single-event upsets (SEUs), requires a reformulation of test-generation methods. Unlike in traditional testing, a probabilistic fault can be detected by different test vectors with different probabilities, i.e., they have different sensitivities to probabilistic faults. We develop an efficient PTM-based algorithm to compute test-vector sensitivity. We also propose several test generation and compaction methods for probabilistic faults, with the goals of estimating and bounding fault detection probabilities. These methods use integer linear programming (ILP) to optimize test sets. The results show that our methods can generate tests quickly and require only half as many (repeated) vectors as testing with random patterns.
Few Differences in Metabolic Network Use Found Between Salmonella enterica Colonization of Plants and Typhoidal Mice.

The human enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica leads a cross-kingdom lifestyle, actively colonizing and persisting on plants in between animal hosts. One of the questions that arises from this dual lifestyle is how S. enterica is able to adapt to such divergent hosts. Metabolic pathways required for S. enterica animal colonization and virulence have been previously identified, but the metabolism of this bacterium on plants is poorly understood. To determine the metabolic requirements for plant colonization by S. enterica, we first screened a library of metabolic mutants, previously examined in a systemic mouse typhoidal model, for competitive plant colonization fitness on alfalfa seedlings. By comparing our results to those reported in S. enterica-infected murine spleens, we found that the presence of individual nutrients differed between the two host niches. Yet, similar metabolic pathways, contributed to S. enterica colonization of both plants and animals, such as the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, and vitamins and the catabolism of glycerol and glucose. However, utilization of at least three metabolic networks differed during the bacterium’s plant- and animal-associated lifestyles. Whereas both fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation contributed to S. enterica animal colonization, only fatty acid biosynthesis was required during plant colonization. Though serine biosynthesis was required in both hosts, S. enterica used different pathways within the serine metabolic network to achieve this outcome. Lastly, the metabolic network surrounding manA played different roles during colonization of each host. In animal models of infection, O-antigen production downstream of manA facilitates immune evasion. We discovered that manA contributed to S. enterica attachment, to seeds and germinated seedlings, and was essential for growth in early seedling exudates, when mannose is limited. However, only seedling attachment was linked to O-antigen production, indicating that manA played additional roles critical for plant colonization that were independent of surface polysaccharide production. The integrated view of S. enterica metabolism throughout its life cycle presented here provides insight on how metabolic versatility and adaption of known physiological pathways for alternate functions enable a zoonotic pathogen to thrive in niches spanning across multiple kingdoms of life.
Gaussian Solutions of Stochastic Equations

Gaussian processes play an important role in the theory of linear filtering to be discussed in the next chapter. In the general stochastic filtering model it has been seen that the observation process and the innovation (Wiener) process are connected by an equation of the kind studied in Chapter 8. When the observation process is Gaussian, we have an example of the equation which will now be considered. The theory of stochastic equations whose solutions are Gaussian processes is an instructive special case of the general theory of functional stochastic differential equations because it is subsumed in the theory of nonanticipative representations of equivalent Gaussian measures and is identical with the latter if one of the measures is Wiener measure. We shall therefore present it in more detail than is strictly necessary for the purpose of solving linear filtering problems.
Sense and Nonsense in Measuring Sponsorship Confusion

Section 43 of the Lanham Act prohibits false or misleading misrepresentations of fact that are likely to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive as to the sponsorship or approval of goods or services. Examination of case law reveals emerging disagreement across courts on what needs to be assessed when measuring such "sponsorship" confusion. Various issues, including the logic underlying such measurement, are discussed. In the process, the author explains why, from the perspective of both science and law, one approach accepted by courts makes sense while another does not.
Phosphoinositol metabolism affects AMP kinase-dependent K-ATP currents in rat substantia nigra dopamine neurons

Abstract We reported recently that ligand-gated ATP-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) current is potentiated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat substantia nigra compacta (SNC) dopamine neurons. Because phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) regulates K-ATP current, we explored the hypothesis that changes in PI(4,5)P2 modify the ability of AMPK to augment K-ATP current. To influence PI(4,5)P2 levels, we superfused brain slices with phospholipase C (PLC) activators and inhibitors while recording whole-cell currents in SNC dopamine neurons. Diazoxide, superfused for 5 min every 20 min, evoked K-ATP currents that, on average, increased from 38 pA at first application to 122 pA at the fourth application, a 220% increase. This enhancement of diazoxide-induced current was AMPK dependent because K-ATP current remained at baseline when slices were superfused with either the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin or the upstream kinase inhibitor STO-609. The PLC inhibitor U73122 significantly increased diazoxide current over control values, and this increase was blocked by dorsomorphin. Enhancement of diazoxide-induced current was also completely prevented by the PLC activator m-3M3FBS. Agonists at 5-HT2C and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, both of which activate PLC, also prevented augmentation of diazoxide-induced current. Finally, inhibition of spike discharges by diazoxide was significantly antagonized by m-3M3FBS. These results suggest that PLC activity significantly influences the inhibitory effect of K-ATP channels by altering PI(4,5)P2 content. Results also suggest that modification of K-ATP current by PLC requires AMPK activity.
Extracting a Close-to-Minimum Multicycle Functional Broadside Test Set From a Functional Test Sequence

Functional broadside tests avoid overtesting of delay faults that may occur with scan tests. Functional broadside tests can be extracted from a functional test sequence. This paper describes a procedure for extracting a close-to-minimum set of multicycle functional broadside tests from a functional test sequence. The procedure uses a modified sequential fault simulation process to collect information about detectable faults. This process indicates which faults must be detected by scan-out operations of multicycle tests, and which ones can be detected on primary outputs. The procedure uses a set-covering procedure to select a close-to-minimum set of clock cycles for scan-out operations. Every scan-out operation is complemented into a multicycle test. In addition, the procedure selects at most one test for faults that can be detected on the primary outputs. Experimental results are presented for benchmark circuits to demonstrate various features and extensions of the procedure.
Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio Is Correlated With Patient Eligibility for Thrombectomy.

Background and Purpose- Hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) is associated with collateral status in acute ischemic stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. We assessed whether HIR was correlated to patient eligibility for mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods- We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with a proximal middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery occlusion who underwent MT triage with computed tomography or magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. Clinical data, ischemic core (mL), HIR (defined as time-to-maximum [TMax] >10 seconds/TMax >6 seconds), mismatch volume between core and penumbra, and MT details were assessed. Primary outcome was favorable HIR collateral score (HIR 70 mL) and core-penumbra mismatch volumes. Patients who did not meet guidelines were not included. Results- We included 197 patients (145 MT+ and 52 MT-). MT+ patients had a significantly lower median HIR compared with MT- patients (0.4 [interquartile range, 0.2-0.5] versus 0.6 [interquartile range, 0.5-0.8]; P 70 mL, and 9 had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 70 mL (0.2 [interquartile range, 0.2-0.3] versus 0.7 [interquartile range, 0.6-0.8], P<0.001) but their HIR was not significantly different that MT+ patients. Conclusions- Patients who meet American Heart Association guidelines for thrombectomy are more likely to have favorable collaterals (low HIR). HIR may be used as a marker of eligibility for MT triage.
Childhood Material Hardship and Externalizing Behavior

The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in the etiology of childhood externalizing behavior remains unclear, especially within developmental models. Many scholars argue that material hardship (i.e. ...
Sympathetic Nerve Block in Lymphedema Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Although the sympathetic nerve system has been described as a modulator of lymphatic circulation, it has not been targeted in the treatment of lymphedema. We conducted a systematic review of publications assessing the use of sympathetic nerve block in lymphedema treatment. We hypothesized that sympathetic nerve block may be a promising treatment option for lymphedema patients. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the published literature on the use of sympathetic nerve block in lymphedema treatment using the PubMed database. Eligibility criteria excluded papers that reported other types of lymphedema treatment or any other anesthesiology procedure. Abstracts, presentations, reviews, and meta-analyses were also excluded. Extracted data included the year of study, country, author affiliation, type of study, patient characteristics, nerve block technique, and key findings. From 81 potential papers, eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All papers identified were clinical, reporting on a total of 187 patients. Sympathetic nerve block was proposed with local anesthetics, whether or not associated with triamcinolone. Treatment with a nerve block promoted lymphedema improvement expressed by decreased limb circumference and patient-reported outcomes. Large randomized clinical trials are still pending, but sympathetic nerve block seems to be a promising alternative for lymphedema patients who do not respond to conservative therapy.
Trophic Interactions of Crustacean Neurons

Most of the research discussed in this volume elucidates the neuronal basis of behavior with emphasis on the bioelectric properties and synaptic interactions of crustacean or insect neurons. However, invertebrate neurons (and vertebrate neurons) are also involved in another set of functionally important interactions which are not directly involved with the neuronal control of behavior on a second-to-second basis but which alter behavior on a long-term basis by altering the metabolic state of neurons or effector organs; that is, the various parts of a neuron (axon, dendrites, terminal regions, etc.) interact trophically with each other and with adjacent glial, presynaptic, and postsynaptic elements (Guth, 1968, 1969; Bittner, 1973a).
Electron Energy Loss Studies of Surface Phonons on Crystal Surfaces

A new generation of off specular inelastic electron scattering experiments allows one to measure surface phonon dispersion curves, throughout the entire two dimensional surface Brillouin zone. A multiple scattering description of the surface phonon excitation process accounts quantitatively for the observed loss intensities, and their (substantial) variation with beam energy and scattering angle. The theory allows one to identify features in the loss cross section found at various energies, and can guide the choice of experimental conditions. We review this body of work briefly, then present new calculations which explore the sensitivity of the loss spectra to the nature of the phonon eigenvectors at the surface. This is done for two models discussed recently for the Cu(111) surface: (i) one within which surface force constants differ only slightly from their values in bulk Cu, and (ii) one in which very large (60%) force constant softenings are proposed between atoms within the surface, and very large (75%) stiffenings of the force constant between the first and second layer. Electron energy loss intensities are in excellent accord with (i), but there is poor agreement for (ii).
Fatal myocardial sarcoidosis

Abstract The first case of death due to myocardial sarcoid in a white man is reported, the eight previous cases having occurred in Negroes. This case also differs from the preceding cases in that the lesion had produced myocardial insufficiency with chronic congestive heart failure, as well as cor pulmonale. Evidence is presented that the lesions in the liver may be a rare cause of cirrhosis.
Assessment of Parking Fees at National Cancer Institute–Designated Cancer Treatment Centers

This cross-sectional study reports parking fees at National Cancer Institute–designated cancer treatment centers to assess parking costs for the treatment duration of certain cancers.
How the FDA should protect its integrity from politics.

The US drug regulator is accused of misrepresenting data on COVID-19 therapies. A decade ago, it set criteria to ensure its decisions are driven by science. The US drug regulator is accused of misrepresenting data on COVID-19 therapies. A decade ago, it set criteria to ensure its decisions are driven by science.
PCIT-Health: Preventing Childhood Obesity by Strengthening the Parent–Child Relationship

Abstract Childhood obesity is a costly, yet preventable, public health concern. Strengthening the parent–child relationship and teaching parents strategies to manage children’s general and health-related behaviors has the potential to reduce childhood obesity risk. Selective prevention interventions may help parents of young children establish positive parenting and feeding practices to actively reduce risk factors. We review the existing literature on childhood obesity interventions and describe an adaptation to a behavioral parent training program—parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT)—to address children’s behaviors in obesity-salient (e.g., mealtime, screen time, bedtime) contexts. In a case example, we describe how PCIT-Health can be effectively implemented.
Trend to equilibrium for granular media equations under non-convex potential and application to log-Coulomb gases

We investigate the long-time asymptotics of solutions of granular media equations with non-convex potentials, by establishing a HWI inequality. Our result extends the work of Carrillo et al.. Moreover, we consider unidimensional log-Coulomb gases. We prove existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium for the entropy and show exponential convergence of symmetric solutions towards this equilibrium under non-convex polynomial potential, with respect to the Wasserstein metric. Finally, we study the case of the confining and the non-confining quartic potentials, and answer conjectures made by Li et al. and Biane et al..
Historical baseline case study of unmet shelter and housing disaster needs throughout Texas: the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in Texas, 2005

Researchers have extensively studied disaster sheltering and housing; however, little research has empirically examined longitudinal patterns of how shelter and housing needs change during and afte...
Micro, mezzo, and macro factors associated with coping in the early phase of COVID-19

Coping and adapting to crisis can be influenced by numerous factors on multiple levels. The experience during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic is no different. This article reports on the res...
Isolated pulsar spin evolution on the P – diagram

We look at two contrasting spin-down models for isolated radio pulsars and, accounting for selection effects, synthesize observable populations. While our goal is to reproduce all of the observable characteristics, in this paper we pay particular attention to the form of the spin period versus period derivative (P-P) diagram and its dependence on various pulsar properties. We analyse the initial spin period, the braking index, the magnetic field, various beaming models as well as the pulsar's luminosity. In addition to considering the standard magnetic dipole model for pulsar spin-down, we also consider the recent hybrid model proposed by Contopoulos and Spitkovsky. The magnetic dipole model, however, does a better job of reproducing the observed pulsar population. We conclude that random alignment angles and period-dependent luminosity distributions are essential to reproduce the observed P-P diagram. We also consider the time decay of alignment angles and attempt to reconcile various models currently being studied. We conclude that in order to account for recent evidence for the alignment found by Weltevrede and Johnston, the braking torque on a neutron star should not depend strongly on the inclination. Our simulation code is publicly available and includes a web-based interface to examine the results and make predictions for yields of current and future surveys.
The Use of Standardized DSM-5 Symptoms Increases the Likelihood of a False-Positive Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Children Aged 6-12 in the United States

Over the past ten years, there has been a 10% increase in the misdiagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the United States. This is significantly important as the rate of misdiagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder is on the rise. I studied causes of misdiagnosing bipolar disorder, specifically in children, and what causes psychiatrists to continue to misdiagnose children despite knowing that children are still growing and have radical symptoms, in order to develop a strategy that decreases the number of misdiagnoses of pediatric bipolar disorder. Several studies have shown that one of the leading causes of misdiagnosis is the broad symptoms listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The revisions to the DSM-4 involved the addition of about 14 disorders. The symptoms listed in the DSM-5 are targeted towards adults. However, the DSM-5 is being used to diagnose children. I analyzed longitudinal studies done on school-aged children to assess how many children are misdiagnosed. The study showed that about 2.5% of the children were diagnosed with bipolar disorder based on the symptoms of the DSM-5. However, at the end of the study, the children did not have symptoms of bipolar disorder anymore. The results supported the claim that children are being over-diagnosed with bipolar disorder. I hypothesize that children should not be diagnosed with severe disorders until they are older and developed, unless they have severe symptoms. Based on the results of this study, pediatric bipolar disorder should be diagnosed based on alternative diagnostic methods such as using collateral history and offering therapy rather than prescribing children with medication. It is crucial that the misdiagnosis rate goes down because children should not be dependent on medications when they are still growing and developing.
Feeding friend and foe: ample pollen mitigates the effects of pollen theft for a gynodioecious plant, Polemonium foliosissimum (Polemoniaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most angiosperms rely on pollinators to transport pollen and effect fertilization. While some floral visitors are effective pollinators, others act as thieves, consuming pollen but effecting little pollination in return. The importance of pollen theft in male and female reproductive success has received little attention. Here, we examined if pollen consumption by flies altered pollen receipt and exacerbated pollen limitation for a bumblebee-pollinated plant, Polemonium foliosissimum (Polemoniaceae). METHODS To examine the effect of pollen-thieving flies, we took a three-pronged approach. First, we used single-visit observations to quantify pollen removal and pollen deposition by flies and bumblebees. Second, we manipulated pollen in the neighbourhood around focal plants in two years to test whether pollen reduction reduced pollen receipt. Third, we combined pollen reduction with hand-pollination to test whether pollen thieving exacerbated pollen limitation. Polemonium foliosissimum is gynodioecious in most populations in the Elk Mountains of central Colorado, USA. Thus, we also tested whether pollen theft affected hermaphrodites and females differently. RESULTS Flies removed significantly more pollen and deposited less pollen per visit than did bumblebees. Reduction of pollen in the neighbourhood around focal plants reduced pollen receipt in both years but only nearly significantly so in 2015. In 2016, plants were significantly pollen-limited; hand-pollination significantly increased seeds per fruit for both hermaphrodites and females. However, the reduction of pollen around focal plants did not exacerbate pollen limitation for either hermaphrodites or females. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that plants tolerate significant consumption of pollen by thieves and pollinators by producing ample pollen to feed both and fertilize available ovules. Our results demonstrate that pollen limitation in P. foliosissimum is driven by lack of effective pollinators rather than lack of pollen. Teasing out these effects elucidates the relative importance of drivers of reproductive success and thus the expected response to selection by different floral visitors.