cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The maxillary immediate surgical obturator prosthesis

The use of the maxillary immediate surgical obturator prosthesis has become the standard of care for patients undergoing maxillectomies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. A protocol of treatment is described that includes preoperative, operative, and postoperative guidelines that have yielded predictably successful results. The objectives of such treatment include support and protection for the surgical dressing, improvement of speech and deglutition, and a psychologic boost for the patient's self-image.
Solubilization and partial purification of steroid sulfatase from rat liver: characterization of estrone sulfatase.

Abstract Steroid sulfatase, a membrane-bound enzyme present in many mammalian tissues, was extracted from rat liver microsomes by treatment with Miranol H2M, a zwitterion detergent, and sonication. It has been purified approximately 33-fold. All steps of the purification, which included salt and solvent fractionation, hydroxylapatite treatment, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration were performed in the presence of Miranol H2M, most of which was removed from the final preparation by gel filtration. The final preparation did not contain any detectable NADPH-cytochrome c reductase or glucose-6-phosphate phophatase activities. According to the elution volume on a Sephadex G-200 column, steroid sulfatase has a molecular weight of approximately 130,000. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of Miranol H2M revealed one major protein band which was enzymatically active. Purified steroid sulfatase hydrolyzes all the sulfate esters of estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, testosterone, and cholesterol as well as p-nitrophenyl sulfate, the substrate for arylsulfatase C, during the purification. However, estrone sulfatase and arylsulfatase C activities were enriched more than the others. Analysis of kinetic data and the effects of different buffers and of Miranol H2M also suggested that estrone sulfatase and arylsulfatase C are identical but that they are distinct from the other sulfatases. Competitive inhibition studies suggest that estrone sulfatase also catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sulfate esters of other estrogens.
The effect of human amniotic fluid on the isolated perfused rat heart

To test the hypothesis that amniotic fluid directly affects cardiac function, isolated rat hearts were perfused with varying concentrations of centrifuged and filtered human amniotic fluid. The most consistent change seen was a dose-dependent decrease in coronary flow rate. With 10% concentrations, a wide spectrum of changes was seen in both a positive and a negative direction for left ventricular pressure and change in pressure with respect to time, which were closely correlated with the degree of decrease in coronary flow rate. If amniotic fluid has a direct role in depressing cardiac function in amniotic fluid embolism, it may act by decreasing coronary flow rather than by directly suppressing myocardial activity.
Electrochemistry of bipyridyl derivatives of cobalt in solutions of anionic and cationic micelles

Abstract Electroreductions of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) and 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl complexes of Co(II) in 0.1 M solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were investigated. Electrochemical, UV and NMR results showed that all complexes studied were bound to micellar aggregates. Co(II) complexes were bound close to the Stern layer of SDS micelles, and to hydrophobic regions of CTAB micelles. Differences in the distribution of the complexes are explained in terms of coulombic and hydrophobic interactions of solutes with the micellar aggregates. Rates of electron transfer were slower in surfactant solutions than in acetonitrile (MeCN), following the order MeCN > CTAB > SDS. Dimethylbipyridyl and long chain bpyC 16 complexes gave slower electron transfer than Co(bpy) 2+ 3 . Also, equilibria and/or kinetics of dissociation of Co(bpy) − 3 , Co(dmbpy) + 3 , and Co(dmbpy) − 3 were altered in CTAB as compared to acetonitrile. Co(−I) complexes reduced water in SDS, but not in CTAB. Adsorption of some Co(I) and Co(−I) complexes at the glassy carbon electrode occurred in CTAB.
Pediatric Population Size Is Associated With Geographic Patterns of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Adults

Study objectives We measure the association between proportion of children and specific pediatric age groups in a local population with the timing and rate of adult emergency department (ED) utilization for influenza and other acute respiratory infections. Methods We performed an ecologic study on a time-series of adult patients presenting to Massachusetts EDs and residing in the greater Boston area from October 1, 2001, to September 30, 2005. Patients presenting with acute respiratory infection, used as a marker for influenza, were aggregated by home address ZIP code. We measured geographic patterns of timing and rate of adult respiratory infection–related ED utilization. We performed correlation analysis of rates and peaks identified in this analysis with pediatric population data from the US census (including specific pediatric age groups) by Poisson regression. Results One hundred fifty seven thousand five hundred forty two adult respiratory infection–related ED visits (30 visits per 1,000 adults per year) were analyzed. Visits were distributed across 55 of ZIP codes, in which proportions of children (aged 0 to 18 years) ranged from 2.7% to 34.9% in these communities. Proportion of children in a ZIP code was directly associated with timing of seasonal onset of acute respiratory infections among adults (univariate Poisson regression rate ratio [RR] 0.985; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.977 to 0.993). The proportion of children also explained the patterns of adult acute respiratory infection–related ED utilization rates (RR 1.035; 95% CI 1.024 to 1.047). Three- to 4-year-olds were found to be the most significant predictors of adult illness rate (RR 1.380; 95% CI 1.238 to 1.539) and timing of onset (RR 0.881; 95% CI 0.816 to 0.952). Conclusion We demonstrate a positive correlation between the timing and rate of ED utilization by adults and the proportion of children in the population. These findings add to a growing body of evidence supporting a critical role played by children in community-wide transmission of acute respiratory infections.
Inside, outside, upside down, backward, forward, round and round: a case for ethnographic studies in migration

This article calls attention to the potential of ethnographic studies in furthering our understanding of migration and circulation systems. The dominant conceptualization of migration and migrant adjustment as a one-way journey is inadequate, as many individuals and groups forge connections and social fields across expanses of space and time. There has been insufficient attention directed toward understanding migrations as cultural events rich in meaning for individuals, families, social groups, communities and nations. Three recent ethnographic studies of disparate migrant groups in North America are presented as exemplars. A careful reading and interpretation of each brings to light key ideas in migration and culture, culminating in four overarching themes that serve as prolegomena for a research agenda in migration and postmodernity: dislodgement from place, entrainment in migrant cultures, the ambivalence of migration, and identity construction and change.
Fuzzy control of piezoelectric friction dampers for seismic protection of smart base isolated buildings

This study proposes two fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) for operating control force of piezoelectric friction dampers used for seismic protection of base-isolated buildings against various types of earthquake excitations. The first controller employs a hierarchic control strategy in which a higher-level supervisory controller operates a single sub-level FLC by modifying its input normalization factors in order to determine command voltage of the damper according to current level of ground motion. The second controller is a self organizing FLC that employs genetic algorithms in order to build a knowledge base for the fuzzy controller. Numerical simulations of a base-isolated building are conducted to evaluate the performance of the controllers. For comparison purposes, an optimal controller is also developed and considered in the simulations together with maximum passive operation of the friction damper. Results for several historical ground motions show that developed fuzzy logic controllers can effectively reduce isolation system deformations without the loss of potential advantages of seismic base isolation.
The Roasted and the Boiled: Food Composition and Heat Treatment with Special Emphasis on Pit-Hearth Cooking

Abstract Heat treatment is one of the major ways humans change the composition and chemistry of food tissues, making them more digestible, less toxic, and more durable. This paper reviews salient features of food chemistry and food composition and how heat treatment, especially pit-hearth cooking, affects that composition. Ethnographic accounts of cooking indicate that traditional populations relied on pit-hearth cooking especially to alter the composition of foods high in either lipids or complex carbohydrates. Historically, pit hearths were also used to process large quantities of food. Various kinds of pit hearths figure prominently in the archaeological deposits of the American Great Plains and elsewhere. The implications of this recurring phenomenon are discussed in terms of the coevolution of diet, cooking systems, and the appearance of Neel's “thrifty” genotype.
More than Words:Is Startup’s Propensity to Patent and Publish Sensitive to Investor Characteristics?

Over the last decade, corporations became an increasingly important source of financing for innovative startups across a wide array of industries. This paper investigates the consequences of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) investments: Do strategically-oriented CVCs affect startups' research productivity? Do CVC-backed startups overemphasize basic over applied research? We study these questions using a longitudinal sample of 591 U.S. biotechnology ventures founded from 1990 to 2003. We find that CVCs nurture the venture?s basic research more than VCs, especially when the CVC parent firm shares industry niche with the venture. And while CVCs also foster the venture?s applied research more than VCs, the effect is stronger when the CVC parent firm is in a different industry niche. In summary, our findings highlight the innovation implications of different investor types. ?
Ethno-botanical survey of edible wild fruits in Benguet, Cordillera administrative region, the Philippines.

Objective To conduct a survey on the common name/s, traditional uses and cultural importance of the edible wild fruits in different municipalities of Benguet, Cordillera administrative region.
EFFECT OF DIASPIRIN CROSSLINKED HEMOGLOBIN (DCLHb HemAssist™) DURING HIGH BLOOD LOSS SURGERY ON SELECTED INDICES OF ORGAN FUNCTION *

Background: The safety of the hemoglobin based oxygen carrier diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) has been reported only in the low (50–200 mg/kg) dose range[Przybelski, R.J.; Daily, E.K.; Kisicki, J.C.; Mattia-Goldberg, C.; Bounds, M.J.; Colburn, W.A. Phase I study of the safety and pharmacologic effects of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin solution. Crit. Care Med. 1996, 24 (12), 1993–2000, Bloomfield, E.; Rady, M.; Popovich, M.; Esfandiari, S.; Bedocs, N. The use of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb™) in post-surgical critically ill patients. 1996, 95, (3A), A220.]. We conducted a randomized prospective open-label trial of DCLHb and packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in high-blood loss surgical patients to show the effect of 750 ml DCLHb (approximately 1000 mg/kg) on selected indices of organ function. Method: After institutional approval, 24 patients scheduled to undergo elective orthopedic or abdominal surgery, were randomized to receive either PRBCs or 10% DCLHb within 12 hours after the start...
Dynamics of structural learning with an adaptive forgetting rate

Structural learning with forgetting is a prominent method of multilayer feedforward neural network complexity regularization. The level of regularization is controlled by a parameter known as the forgetting rate. The goal of this paper is to establish a dynamical system framework for the study of structural learning both to offer new insights into this methodology and to potentially provide a means of either developing new or analytically justifying existing forgetting rate adaptation strategies. The resulting nonlinear model of structural learning is analyzed by developing a general linearized equation for the case of a quadratic error function. This analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of an adaptive forgetting rate. A simple example is provided to illustrate our approach.
Analysis of health insurance cover for reproductive immunology

The objective of this study was to document the current state of health insurance cover for reproductive immunology in the USA. A survey of couples who had given birth to a child within the last 2 years while they were being treated with lymphocyte immunotherapy at the Reproductive Medicine Clinic of the Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School (FUHS/CMS), North Chicago, IL, USA, produced 61 completed questionnaires from couples in 16 states, representing a response rate of 55%. The Reproductive Medicine Clinic at the FUHS/CMS is a major centre that treats couples with reproductive immunological problems. These couples had experienced repeated pregnancy losses that were diagnosed as immunological in nature. This prospective study documents the insurance reimbursement of couples receiving lymphocyte immunotherapy who subsequently became parents. The findings indicate that 80% of couples had insurance claims initially denied for reproductive immunotherapy-related services. The most common reason given for a denied claim was that the treatment was experimental. Couples took further action and almost all received cover. Cover for immunotherapy-related services averaged 65% of the cost. The percentage of expenses covered by the insurance was quite variable. The survey indicates that insurance cover is provided if patients are willing to take action.
Multisource drug policies in Latin America: survey of 10 countries

Essential drug lists and generic drug policies have been promoted as strategies to improve access to pharmaceuticals and control their rapidly escalating costs. This article reports the results of a preliminary survey conducted in 10 Latin American countries. The study aimed to document the experiences of different countries in defining and implementing generic drug policies, determine the cost of registering different types of pharmaceutical products and the time needed to register them, and uncover the incentives governments have developed to promote the use of multisource drugs. The survey instrument was administered in person in Chile, Ecuador and Peru and by email in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Uruguay. There was a total of 22 respondents. Survey responses indicated that countries use the terms generic and bioequivalence differently. We suggest there is a need to harmonize definitions and technical concepts.
Carbohydrate-binding specificity of the Escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin CdtA-II and CdtC-II subunits.

Intoxication by cytolethal distending toxin depends on assembly of CdtB, the active A component of this AB toxin, with the cell surface-binding (B) component, composed of the CdtA-CdtC heterodimer, to form the active holotoxin. Here we examine the cell surface binding properties of Escherichia coli-derived CdtA-II (CdtA-IIEc) and CdtC-IIEc and their capacity to provide a binding platform for CdtB-IIEc. Using a flow cytometry-based binding assay, we demonstrate that CdtB-IIEc binds to the HeLa cell surface in a CdtA-IIEc- and CdtC-IIEc-dependent manner and that CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc compete for the same structure on the HeLa cell surface. Preincubation of cells with glycoproteins (thyroglobulin and fetuin), but not simple sugars, blocks surface binding of CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc. Moreover, CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc bind immobilized fetuin and thyroglobulin as well as fucose and to a lesser degree N-acetylgalactoseamine and N-acetylglucoseamine. Removal of N- but not O-linked carbohydrates from fetuin and thyroglobulin prevents binding of CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc to these glycoproteins. In addition, removal of N- but not O-linked surface sugar attachments prevents CDT-IIEc intoxication. To characterize the cell surface ligand recognized by CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc, lectins having various carbohydrate specificities were used to block CDT activity and the cell surface binding of CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc. Pretreatment of cells with AAA, SNA-I, STA, UEA-I, GNA, and NPA partially or completely blocked CDT activity. AAA, EEA, and UEA-I lectins, all having specificity for fucose, blocked surface binding of CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc. Together, our data indicate that CdtA-IIEc and CdtC-IIEc bind an N-linked fucose-containing structure on HeLa cells.
Drafting Force Measurement as an Aid to Cotton Spinning

Three length groups of cotton (1.04, 1.09, and 1.15 in. 2.5% span length), each comprising 8 two-bale mixes, were spun on a Tru-Set (Saco-Lowell Duo-Roth) drafting system at four different cradle o...
Polymer Cleaning From Porous Low- $k$ Dielectrics in $\hbox{He/H}_{2}$ Plasmas

Porous dielectrics such as SiCOH are used as the insulator in interconnect wiring in microelectronics devices to lower the dielectric constant and therefore decrease the resistive-capacitive delay. After etching a trench in low-k; di electrics in fluorocarbon plasmas, a CFx polymer remains on the sidewalls, which must be removed in a manner that does not damage the low-k material. This can be accomplished using He/H2 plasmas, which produce hot H atoms (i.e., energy >; 1 eV). We present images of the distributions of hot H atoms and H+ ions from an inductively coupled plasma and their resulting cleaning of a trench etched in SiCOH.
Simulation-based cheminformatic analysis of organelle-targeted molecules: lysosomotropic monobasic amines

Cell-based molecular transport simulations are being developed to facilitate exploratory cheminformatic analysis of virtual libraries of small drug-like molecules. For this purpose, mathematical models of single cells are built from equations capturing the transport of small molecules across membranes. In turn, physicochemical properties of small molecules can be used as input to simulate intracellular drug distribution, through time. Here, with mathematical equations and biological parameters adjusted so as to mimic a leukocyte in the blood, simulations were performed to analyze steady state, relative accumulation of small molecules in lysosomes, mitochondria, and cytosol of this target cell, in the presence of a homogenous extracellular drug concentration. Similarly, with equations and parameters set to mimic an intestinal epithelial cell, simulations were also performed to analyze steady state, relative distribution and transcellular permeability in this non-target cell, in the presence of an apical-to-basolateral concentration gradient. With a test set of ninety-nine monobasic amines gathered from the scientific literature, simulation results helped analyze relationships between the chemical diversity of these molecules and their intracellular distributions.
What do children want ? A conceptualisation of evolutionary influences on children's motivation in the peer group

This paper presents an evolutionary perspective on children's resourcedirected behaviour in peer groups. It is argued that reciprocity is theoretically expected to be the fundamental rule of resour...
Pseudoaneurysm of the Superior Mesenteric Artery Secondary to Ergot Therapy A Case Report

Ergotism is a relatively rare, but well described, arterial disease affecting primarily the lower extremities, although involvement of other arteries have been reported. The authors describe a case of a 50-year-old pharmacist who self-treated his migraine headaches with ergot preparations and developed abdominal pain. Evaluation of the patient with arteriography revealed a pseudoaneurysm and segmental branch stenoses of the superior mesenteric artery. Surgical exploration discovered a spontaneous dissection of the SMA treated with aorto-SMA bypass. This case, and a review of the literature, is presented.
Simple sequence repeats for genetic studies of alpaca.

Trace sequences from the 2X alpaca genome sequencing effort were examined to identify simple sequence repeats (microsatellites) for genetic studies. A total of 6,685 repeat-containing sequences were downloaded from GenBank, processed, and assembled into contigs representing an estimated 4,278 distinct sequences. This sequence set contained 2,290 sequences of length > 100 nucleotides that contained microsatellites of length ≥ 14 dinucleotide or 10 trinucleotide repeats with purity equal to 100%. An additional 13 sequences contained a GC microsatellite of length ≥ 12 repeats (purity = 100%) were also obtained. Primer pairs for amplification of 1,516 putative loci are presented. Amplification of genomic DNA from alpaca and llama by PCR was demonstrated for 14 primer sets including one from each of the microsatellite repeat types. Comparative chromosomal location for the alpaca markers was predicted in the bovine genome by BLAT searches against assembly 4.0 of the bovine whole genome sequence. A total of 634 ...
Native data representation: An efficient wire format for high-performance distributed computing

New trends in high-performance software development such as tool- and component-based approaches have increased the need for flexible and high-performance communication systems. When trying to reap the well-known benefits of these approaches, the question of what communication infrastructure should be used to link the various components arises. In this context, flexibility and high-performance seem to be incompatible goals. Traditional HPC-style communication libraries, such as MPI, offer good performance, but are not intended for loosely-coupled systems. Object- and metadata-based approaches like XML offer the needed plug-and-play flexibility, but with significantly lower performance. We observe that the flexibility and baseline performance of data exchange systems are strongly determined by their wire formats, or by how they represent data for transmission in heterogeneous environments. After examining the performance implications of using a number of different wire formats, we propose an alternative approach for flexible high-performance data exchange, Native Data Representation, and evaluate its current implementation in the portable binary I/O library.
A global radiative-convective feedback

We have investigated the sensitivity of the intensity of convective activity and atmospheric radiative cooling to radiatively thick upper-tropospheric clouds using a new version of the Colorado State University General Circulation Model (CSU GCM). The model includes a bulk cloud microphysics scheme to predict the formation of cloud water, cloud ice, rain, and snow. The cloud optical properties are interactive and dependent upon the cloud water and cloud ice paths. We find that the formation of a persistent upper tropospheric cloud ice shield leads to decreased atmospheric radiative cooling and increased static stability. Convective activity is then strongly suppressed. In this way, upper-tropospheric clouds act as regulators of the global hydrologic cycle, and provide a negative feedback between atmospheric radiative cooling and convective activity.
Videoconferencing over packet-based networks

The Internet explosion is driving the need for new collaboration tools which will enable two or more users to share data, audio, and video. The real-time packet-based solutions which are emerging differ considerably from the circuit-switch solutions which have existed for some time now. In this paper, we present one such packet-based approach, the Multimedia Multiparty Teleconferencing (MMT) system, which was fully implemented as a research prototype. Using MMT as an example, we address some of the fundamental issues related to videoconferencing systems in a packet-based environment, and discuss the differences with the traditional circuit-switch approaches, namely, the ITU H.320 standard. In particular, MMT is a distributed solution, while H.320 is centralized. The use of multicast and a novel video-mixing technique to facilitate the distributed solution are presented. Furthermore, MMT audio and video streams are susceptible to congestion and packet loss in the shared media packet-based environment, while H.320 streams use dedicated connections. As such, synchronization, error resilience, and dynamic rate control schemes for the packet-based system are presented.
The Fine Structure of the Septal Pore Cap in Coprinus Stercorarius

The fine structure of the septal pore cap in Coprinus stercorarius has been investigated using glutaraldehyde-acrolein and OsO fixation. Face and cross sectional views reveal that this dome-shaped membranous structure contains numerous, small perforations (120-130 nm in diam) that are arranged in a regular pattern superficially resembling "chicken wire." This structure acts as a sieve allowing protoplasmic continuity between adjacent hyphal cells but seemingly restricts migration of cellular organelles; in this respect it is similar to the Polyporus-type of pore cap found in Polyporus rugulosus, Polystictus versicolor and Poria monticola. The pore cap consists of two layers: the outer layer is composed of two closely appressed unit membranes and the inner layer consists of a single unit membrane. The suggestion that the pore cap is composed of modified endoplasmic reticulum is supported by the demonstration of connections of it with rough ER.
Abstract B142: A “moneyball” approach to predicting clinical trial failures and successes

Over the past decade, significant strides have been made in the management and treatment of various diseases. Despite this progress, drug attrition rates due to clinical trial failure have continued to substantially rise. Clinical trials can fail for various reasons, ranging from design issues to drug efficacy and safety problems. Drug-likeness approaches, as first proposed by Lipinski almost two decades ago, have become a key tool for the pre-selection of compounds that are likely to have manageable toxicity in clinical studies. However all these methods consider molecular properties of the drug itself alone. In general, these approaches struggle to simultaneously well-characterize the properties of both FDA approved drugs (sensitivity) (and drugs that fail clinical trials (specificity). We introduce a novel data-driven approach (PrOCTOR) that integrates chemical properties of a compound, along with that of its targets, to provide a new measure, the PrOCTOR score, that helps predict whether drugs in clinical trials will fail for toxicity reasons. When trained on failed Phase I clinical trials and FDA approved drugs, the PrOCTOR score performs at a high accuracy, specificity and sensitivity (∼0.75), as well as high area under the ROC curve (>0.80). In comparison, none of the drug-likeness approaches were able to successfully maintain both high sensitivity and specificity. Robust feature analysis of the model indicates that it is critical to consider properties of the drug target, with the target9s network connectivity and liver toxicity as two of the most important features. The approach was further evaluated by testing the predictions of the trained model on an established independent dataset. We found that our method was able to significantly distinguish a representative set of bioavailable drugs from a representative set of toxic drugs (D = 0.2133, p Citation Format: Kaitlyn Gayvert, Neel Madhukar, Olivier Elemento. A “moneyball” approach to predicting clinical trial failures and successes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B142.
Bioinformatic Analysis and Expression Patterns under Abiotic Stresses of AmLEA5from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of AmLEA5(AAW31666.1) under abiotic stresses which cloned from cold-and drought-stressed Ammopiptanthus mongolicus by a modified solid subtractive hybridization method were reported in this study.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the gene encoded a group 5 late embryogenesis abundant protein(LEA).The overall length of AmLEA5 was 693 bp,and the cDNA contained a 297 bp ORF encoding a polypeptide of 98 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 10.6 kDa.AmLEA5,with more phosphorylation sites,was a kind of hydrophilic protein.The analysis of codon bias showed that AmLEA5 gene was bias toward the synonymous codons with A and T at the third codon position.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AmLEA5 protein was most closed to Medicago truncatula LEA(ACJ84182.1) in genetic relationship.qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that AmLEA5 was up-regulated by cold,drought,salt and hot stresses.Specifically,transcription of AmLEA5 accumulated more at the late stage of cold treatment.Intracellular localization analysis revealed that AmLEA5 proteins tagged with yellow fluorescent proteins(YFP) was more likely localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus.The results suggested that AmLEA5 may played important roles in abiotic stresses responses,especially in cold tolerant mechanism in A.Mongolicus.
INVESTIGATION ON TOXICOLOGICAL AND GENERAL CHEMICAL INDEXES OF 44 SELF-PROVIDED WATER SOURCES IN NING XIA AND QING HAI

Objective To investigate the toxicological and general chemical indexes of self-provided water sources in the army stationed in Ning Xia and Qing Hai,so as to provide scientific basis for improving water quality.Methods The investigation,collection and analysis of detected sample were conducted according to 《Sanitary Standard for Drink Water》(2001).Results The detected values of fluoride,Pb,Cd,pH,chloride,sulfate,total solvable solid,total hardness of 44 water sources in Ning Xia were(0.70±0.88)mg·L~(-1),(1.76±0.63)μg·L~(-1),(0.52±10.21)μg·L~(-1),7.07±0.24,(70.07±56.60)mg·L~(-1),(103.40±80.77)mg·L~(1),(553.40±265.91)mg·L~(-1),and(252.20±98.14)mg·L~(-1) respectively,and the eligible rates of them were 73.3%,100%,100%,100%,100%,100%,100%,93.3% respectively.The values of fluoride,Pb,Cd,pH,chloride,sulfate,total solvable solid,total hardness of 44 water sources in Qing Hai were(0.15±0.07)mg·L~(-1),(1.10±0.64)μg·L~(-1),(0.37±0.13) μg·L~(-1),7.48±0.28,(41.14±97.65)mg·L~(-1),(71.38±50.30)mg·L~(1),(426.76±174.56)mg·L~(-1),(271.48±105.56)mg·L~(-1)respectively,and the eligible rates of them were 100%,100%,100%,100%,96.6%,100%,100%,89.7% respectively.The values of As were less than 0.05 mg·L~(-1),and cyanide was not found in both provinces.Conclusion The value of fluoride in deep phreatic water in Ning Xia exceeded the standard index,the values of total hardness in shallow phreatic water,and deep phreatic water in Qing Hai exceeded the standard index.
Results of monitoring of malaria vectors in Jinggu county from 2007 to 2012

Objective To investigate malaria vector population density,quantity,distribution and seasonal fluctuation,Methods The mosquito quantity,density an seasonal fluctuation in Jinggu county from 2007 to 2012 were surveyed..Results A total of 4 975 mosquitoes of 13 Anopheles species were collected in Jinggu County,The predominant species was An.sinensis(3753),accounting for 75.44% of the total captives,The density was 1.482% mosquitoes per person per hour,its peaks of population quantity occurred from April to October,density peak in July.An.minimus seasonal variation was not obvious,density peak in September.The average density of mosquito decreased year by year.Conclusion Monitoring of mosquito allowed grasping the variations of vector population,vector density and seasonal fluctuations,facilitating the formulating strategies for controlling malaria and malaria vector.
The Wild Irish Swan in Kay Boyle’s “The Bridegroom’s Body”

“The Bridegroom’s Body” is a short novella written by Kay Boyle in 1938. It belongs to what Boyle’s friend, critic Doris Grumbach, calls her earlier, more personal work—as opposed to Boyle’s later ...
Evaluation of Ion Effects on Surfactant Aggregation from Improved Molecular Thermodynamic Modeling

An improved molecular thermodynamic model has been developed and applied to various pure, binary, and ternary mixed surfactants in aqueous solution containing salt (0–3 M). The effect of counterion activity and surfactant activity on surfactant aggregation is considered. The effect of counterion and co-ion specificity on aggregation properties is successfully evaluated. The predicted aggregation properties, including critical micelle concentration (cmc), micelle shape, micelle size, and sphere-to-rod transition, agree well with experimental data. The developed model provides a potential method to evaluate ion effects on aggregation properties of various surfactants in salt solution at various concentration levels, and thus will be of great value to guide the application of surfactants in industrial products and processes, such as corrosion prevention, oil recovery, and pharmaceuticals.
A Linked-List Data Base Approach to the Control of the Digital Transmission Facilities of the Defense Communications System

An approach to the technical control of the digital transmission facilities of the defense communication system has been described by Jankaukas, Landesberg, Spector and Meyer (ref. 1). The status monitoring and performance assessment functions of that approach are interesting and the fault isolation algorithm is sound in principle. In this paper we report on the results of a study aimed at improving on that fault isolation algorithm with respect to removing certain network partitioning restrictions, decreasing processing time and making it compatible with channel reconfiguration and other resource management options. In our approach, the communications system is described in terms of two linked-list data bases, these being the equipment data base and the communication path data base. For fault isolation, the basic idea is that whenever an exception report is received, pointers from the alarmed piece of equipment point to the paths in which the equipment is located. For each such path, the equipment has an ordinal number stating its position in that path. For an alarmed equipment in a certain path, the equipment ordinal number is compared with the ordinal number of the most up-stream (in the transmission case) faulted equipment. Comparison of the ordinal numbers quickly indicates whether the alarm is real or sympathetic. This approach has been investigated using computer simulation. Channel recogfiguration and management of resources on the basis of needs and priorities have also been shown to be compatible with use of this algorithm.
Western History: A Dialectic on the Modern Condition

n his widely acclaimed essay, "The Idea of the West," Loren Baritz singled out the powerful influence on American scholarship of the extraordinary but mythical world that lay beyond "the point where the sun crossed the horizon," the place where "earthly glory and power tended." That collective scholarly effort, according to Baritz, suggesting a unilinear progression to ever-higher stages of civilization, presented the West as a land of promise, "the last refuge for man and God," an environment "where woe and wail would be no more." More recent scholarship has questioned those exceptionalist verities (as did Baritz), arguing that they are fraught with error and tend toward the ahistorical. In a farewell note to his profession, William Appleman Williams underscored the problem, suggesting that the exceptionalist view presented real difficulties for American historians: "We seem to be driven by a kind of compulsion to prove professionally as well as politically and socially, that we have been right from beginning to end."2
An Automatic Approach for Discovering and Geocoding Locations in Domain-Specific Web Data (Application Paper)

We present an automatic approach for discovering location names in WWW data culled from diverse domains. Our approach builds upon the Apache Tika, Apache OpenNLP, and Apache Lucene frameworks. Tika is used to extract text and metadata from any file. The text and metadata are provided to Apache OpenNLP and its location entity extraction model. The discovered location entities are then delivered to a gazetteer indexed in Apache Lucene derived from the Geonames.org dataset. This paper describes the overall approach and then explains in detail the challenges we faced, and the methodology that we employed to overcome them. We describe the evolution of our geo gazetteer process and algorithm and demonstrate the approach's accuracy in data collected in the DARPA MEMEX and NSF Polar Cyber Infrastructure efforts.
Lipid Raft Formation: Key Role of Polyunsaturated Phospholipids

The forces that drive lipid raft formation are poorly understood. To date, most of the attention has focused on attractive interactions between cholesterol and high-melting lipids. Remarkably little attention has been paid to repulsive forces. Here, we show that repulsive interactions between an exchangeable mimic of cholesterol and an exchangeable mimic of a low-melting phospholipid in liquid-disordered bilayers can be much stronger than the attractive forces between this same sterol and an exchangeable mimic of a high-melting phospholipid in liquid-ordered bilayers. We conclude that polyunsaturated phospholipids have been largely overlooked as major players in lipid raft formation. This knowledge should stimulate considerable interest in controlling the levels of polyunsaturated phospholipids for the proper functioning of cell membranes.
Post-breeding population dynamics indicate upslope molt-migration by Wilson's Warblers

Molt is an energetically costly process, and songbirds (Order Passeriformes) exhibit a diversity of strategies to maximize their survival and reproductive success while meeting the energetic demands of the annual prebasic molt. Nearctic-Neotropic migrants in western North America commonly exhibit one of three strategies: (1) remain in breeding areas to molt, (2) migrate long distances to molt before continuing to wintering areas, or (3) migrate to wintering areas and then molt. Among species that molt in or near breeding areas, the nature of small-scale movements to undergo molt remains largely unknown. We used banding data collected over a period of 27 yr and across an elevational gradient to examine the propensity of Wilson's Warblers (Cardellina pusilla) to molt and breed at the same or different locations in northern California and southern Oregon. We found that individual adult Wilson's Warblers were more likely to breed at lower elevations and molt at higher elevations, suggesting that some individuals move altitudinally after breeding to complete the definitive prebasic molt. Such altitudinal movements may be more common among Nearctic-Neotropic migrants in western North America than previously thought.
Experimental study of turbulence intensity influence on wind turbine performance and wake recovery in a low-speed wind tunnel

Regarding the issue of the unmatched Reynolds number for down-scaled wind turbine tests, an experimental study of a single model wind turbine and an array with two turbines was performed under laminar and turbulent inflow conditions. Turbulent inflow was created using an active grid system installed between the contraction and test-section of the wind tunnel; the maximum turbulence intensity can reach 20%. Velocity fields upstream and in the wake of the turbine were measured using a 2D-PIV system. In the experiments with a single turbine, it was found that the power coefficient was strongly dependent on the inflow turbulence intensity, because turbulence influenced the flow separation in the suction side of the wind turbine blade. This was confirmed by PIV results taken under laminar and turbulent inflow conditions. For the wind turbine array case, the efficiency of both turbines was highly related to the turbulence intensity in the inflow. Furthermore, inflow turbulence intensity also influenced the wake recovery. The power coefficient of the wind turbines was similar to design value under controlled inflow turbulence. In conclusion, despite the unmatched Reynolds number, a realistic flow similar to the field can be reached using turbulent inflow created by an active grid system.
Reaction–diffusion on metric graphs: From 3D to 1D

Abstract We provide stochastic foundations for the analysis of a class of reaction–diffusion systems using as an example the known Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) experiments, showing how to effectively obtain explicit solutions to the associated equations by approximating the 3-dimensional domain of diffusion U (the reactor) by 1-dimensional network models. In a typical TAP experiment a pulse of reactant gas of species A is injected into U , which is filled with chemically inert material, permeable to gas diffusion. Particles of catalyst are placed amid this inert medium, forming active sites where the reaction A → B may occur. On part of the boundary of U designated as the exit, a mixture of A and B can escape. We study the problem of determining the (molar) fraction of product gas in the mixture after U is fully evacuated. This fraction is identified with the reaction probability –that is, the probability of a single diffusing molecule reacting before leaving U . Specifically, we are interested in how this probability depends on the reaction rate constant k . After giving a stochastic formulation of the problem and the boundary value problem whose solution is this probability, we study a class of domains, called fat graphs , comprising a network of thin tubes with active sites at junctures. The main result of the paper is that in the limit, as the thin tubes approach curves in 3-dimensional space, reaction probability converges to functions of the point of gas injection that can be computed explicitly in terms of a rescaled parameter k . By this 3D to 1D reduction, the simpler processes on metric graphs can be used as model systems for more realistic 3-dimensional configurations. This is illustrated with analytic and numerical examples. One example, in particular, illustrates an important application of our method: finding the catalyst configuration that maximizes reaction probability at a given reaction rate constant.
A linear height-resolving wind field model for tropical cyclone boundary layer

Abstract The wind field model is one of the most important components for the tropical cyclone hazard assessment, thus the appropriate design of this element is extremely important. While solving the fully non-linear governing equations of the wind field was demonstrated to be quite challenging, the linear models showed great promise delivering a simple solution with good approximation to the wind field, and can be readily adopted for engineering applications. For instance it can be implemented in the Monte Carlo technique for rapid tropical-cyclone risk assessment. This study aims to develop a height-resolving, linear analytical model of the boundary layer winds in a moving tropical cyclone. The wind velocity is expressed as the summation of two components, namely gradient wind in the free atmosphere and frictional component near the ground surface. The gradient wind was derived straightforwardly, while the frictional component was obtained based on the scale analysis of the fully non-linear Navier-Stokes equations. The variation of wind field with respect to the angular coordinate was highlighted since its contribution to the surface wind speed and associated spatial distribution cannot be ignored in the first-order approximation. The results generated by the present model are consistent with tropical cyclone observations.
Reuben Hersh on the Growth of Mathematical Knowledge: Kant, Geometry, and Number Theory

In his reflective writings about mathematics, Reuben Hersh has consistently championed a philosophy of mathematical practice. He argues that if we pay close attention to what mathematicians really do in their research, as they extend mathematical knowledge at the frontier between the known and the conjectured, we see that their work does not only involve deductive reasoning. It also includes plausible reasoning, “analytic” reasoning upward that seeks the conditions of the solvability of problems and the conditions of the intelligibility of mathematical things. We use, he argues, “our mental models of mathematical entities, which are culturally controlled to be mutually congruent within the research community. These socially controlled mental models provide the much-desired “semantics” of mathematical reasoning” (Hersh 2014b, p. 127). Every active mathematician is familiar with a large swathe of established mathematics, “an intricately interconnected web of mutually supporting concepts, which are connected both by plausible and by deductive reasoning,” that include “concepts, algorithms, theories, axiom systems, examples, conjectures and open problems,” and models and applications. Thus, “the body of established mathematics is not a fixed or static set of statements. The new and recent part is in transition” (Ibid, pp. 131–2).
Sortiervorgang — I. Einfache Algorithmen

Wir zeigen Ihnen in diesem Kapitel zwei einfache Sortier-Algorithmen und den damit eng verbundenen Mischvorgang. Sie sollen auch hier wieder in erster Linie weitere Erfahrungen fur die Problemlosung sammeln, indem Sie Rechnerprogramme mit diesen Algorithmen erstellen und anschliesend Ihre Programme debuggen.
Identification of oral clefts as a risk factor for hearing loss during newborn hearing screening

Objective This study assessed whether children with oral clefts are appropriately classified as at-risk for hearing loss at the time of newborn hearing screening and describes their screening and diagnostic results. Design Birth certificates were used to identify children with cleft lip and palate or isolated cleft palate born in Washington State from 2008-2013. These were cross-referenced with the state's Early Hearing Detection, Diagnosis and Intervention (EHDDI) database. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations. Results Birth records identified 235 children with cleft lip and palate and 116 with isolated cleft palate. Six children were listed as having both diagnoses. Only 138 (39%) of these children were designated as having a craniofacial anomaly in the EHDDI database. Children who were misclassified were less likely to have referred on initial hearing screening, OR 0.3, 95% CI [0.2, 0.5]. Misclassification of risk factor status was also associated with delayed hearing screening past 30 days of age or unknown age at screening, OR 4.4, 95% CI [1.5, 13.3], p-value 0.008. Of 50 children with diagnostic results; 25 (50%) had hearing loss: 18 conductive, 2 mixed, and 5 unspecified. Conclusion A majority of children with oral clefts were misclassified regarding risk factor for hearing loss in the EHDDI database.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and heart failure

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) and heart failure (HF) represent an important and high-risk group of patients who are often referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) due to high risk for surgical intervention. Thus far, randomized controlled trials have shown comparable outcomes between TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe AS and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In the current review, we will discuss (1) the pathophysiology of HF in patients with severe AS, (2) role of imaging modalities in management, (3) role of biomarkers of HF on prognosis, (4) impact of other valvular heart diseases, (5) evidence from the contemporary trials on the role of TAVR in patients with severe AS and HF, and (6) future directions and research.