cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration of vertically-aligned carbon nanotube forests in microfluidic devices for multiscale isolation of bioparticles

Presently, an estimated 35 million people are living with HIV, 300 million with Hepatitis C (HCV), with thousands of human fatalities registered ever day due to these and similar infectious diseases. Efficient, reliable, inexpensive medical solutions are therefore needed to tackle these issues. Identification of HIV and HCV is however not easy. Being significantly smaller than cells and bacteria, these viruses escape the isolation capabilities of both macroscopic and microscopic (MEMS) medical instrumentation. Allowing access to sub-micron species such as viruses and cancer cells, integration of nanotechnologies in medical devices has the potential to revolutionize the field of biomedicine. In this work, we explore the potential of nanoporous, patterned forests of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) for bioparticle isolation, demonstrating their ability to access particles over several orders of magnitude in size, from viruses (∼40nm) to cells (∼10µm). Modifying the flow field inside microfluidic channels, CNT-enhanced biodevices result in a seven-fold increase in capture efficiency compared to a nonporous design, as well as the ability to simultaneously isolate multiple distinct biospecies both inside and on the outer surface of the VACNT features. Our technology represents a versatile, highly efficient approach to biological isolation, with applications ranging from point-of-care diagnostics to subsequent therapeutic modalities in both infectious diseases as well as cancer applications.
Drosophila Rrpl complements E.coli xth nfo mutants: protection against both oxidative and alkylation-induced DNA damage

Abstract Drosophila Rrp1 protein has four tightly associated enzymatic activities: DNA strand transfer, ssDNA renaturation, dsDNA 3'-exonuclease and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease. The carboxy-terminal region of Rrp1 is homologous to Escherichia coli exonuclease III and several eukaryotic AP endonucleases. All members of this protein family cleave abasic sites. Rrp1 protein was expressed under the control of the E. coli RNA polymerase tac promoter (pRrp1-tac) in two repair deficient E. coli strains (BW528 and LG101) lacking both exonuclease III (xth) and endonuclease IV (nfo). Rrp1 confers resistance to killing by oxidative, antitumor and alkylating agents that damage DNA (hydrogen peroxide, t-butylhydroperoxide, bleomycin, methyl methanesulfonate, and mitomycin C). Complementation of the repair deficiency by Rrp1 provides up to a two log increase in survival and requires the C-terminal nuclease region of Rrp1, but not its N-terminal region. The AP endonuclease activity in extracts from the repair deficient strain LG101 is increased up to 12-fold when the strain contains pRrp1-tac. These results indicate that pRrp1-tac directs the synthesis of active enzyme, and that the nuclease activities of Rrp1 are likely to be the cause of the increased resistance to DNA damage of the mutant cells.
Severe weather, band practice, coal trucks, and other real-world experiences in conducting focus group research in central Appalachia.

Despite our best intentions as methodical researchers who intricately describe their plans and processes in grant applications, we cannot anticipate everything that may occur when we conduct focus groups, particularly in a unique geographic region of the country. As project leader on a pilot project that addressed cancer survivorship issues in Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia (1), I learned that no textbook or mentor can prepare you for the experiences you have when conducting qualitative research in rural communities. This essay recounts several of the lessons our research team learned while we conducted focus groups with Appalachian cancer survivors and primary care providers from October 2007 through April 2008.
Role of Agrobacterium VirB11 ATPase in T-Pilus Assembly and Substrate Selection

The VirB11 ATPase is a subunit of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer DNA (T-DNA) transfer system, a type IV secretion pathway required for delivery of T-DNA and effector proteins to plant cells during infection. In this study, we examined the effects of virB11 mutations on VirB protein accumulation, T-pilus production, and substrate translocation. Strains synthesizing VirB11 derivatives with mutations in the nucleoside triphosphate binding site (Walker A motif) accumulated wild-type levels of VirB proteins but failed to produce the T-pilus or export substrates at detectable levels, establishing the importance of nucleoside triphosphate binding or hydrolysis for T-pilus biogenesis. Similar findings were obtained for VirB4, a second ATPase of this transfer system. Analyses of strains expressing virB11 dominant alleles in general showed that T-pilus production is correlated with substrate translocation. Notably, strains expressing dominant alleles previously designated class II (dominant and nonfunctional) neither transferred T-DNA nor elaborated detectable levels of the T-pilus. By contrast, strains expressing most dominant alleles designated class III (dominant and functional) efficiently translocated T-DNA and synthesized abundant levels of T pilus. We did, however, identify four types of virB11 mutations or strain genotypes that selectively disrupted substrate translocation or T-pilus production: (i) virB11/virB11 merodiploid strains expressing all class II and III dominant alleles were strongly suppressed for T-DNA translocation but efficiently mobilized an IncQ plasmid to agrobacterial recipients and also elaborated abundant levels of T pilus; (ii) strains synthesizing two class III mutant proteins, VirB11, V258G and VirB11.I265T, efficiently transferred both DNA substrates but produced low and undetectable levels of T pilus, respectively; (iii) a strain synthesizing the class II mutant protein VirB11.I103T/M301L efficiently exported VirE2 but produced undetectable levels of T pilus; (iv) strains synthesizing three VirB11 derivatives with a four-residue (HMVD) insertion (L75.i4, C168.i4, and L302.i4) neither transferred T-DNA nor produced detectable levels of T pilus but efficiently transferred VirE2 to plants and the IncQ plasmid to agrobacterial recipient cells. Together, our findings support a model in which the VirB11 ATPase contributes at two levels to type IV secretion, T-pilus morphogenesis, and substrate selection. Furthermore, the contributions of VirB11 to machine assembly and substrate transfer can be uncoupled by mutagenesis.
Human Monocyte Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth

Accelerated fibroblast accumulation, mitosis, and deposition of collagen during fibrotic processes are frequently preceded by intense inflammatory exudates of mononuclear cells which are derived from the peripheral blood. In vitro , we examined the role of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in activation of human fibroblasts. The adherent mononuclear phagocyte, or monocyte, was found to release mediators which stimulate fibroblast proliferation and enhance collagen production. Adherence to tissue culture dishes in vitro was found to activate the release of these monocyte products, and represents a process which mimics in vivo extravasation of monocytes from the blood vessel into the connective tissue. The release of these mediators is dependent on monocyte protein synthesis, metabolism, and protease activity. Little is known of the role that immunologic sensitization to autologous connective tissue components might play in inducing such inflammatory responses which can result in pathologic fibrotic sequelae. In beginning to explore these possibilities, we have found that levels of antibodies to types I (interstitial) and IV (basement membrane) collagen correlate directly with the extent of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with scleroderma. Furthermore, we can sensitize mice to homologous types I or IV collagen, or laminin (a basement membrane attachment protein), and elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity response which is marked by mononuclear cell infiltration. Cell-mediated immunity to these antigens can be transferred to normal recipients with sensitized T-lymphocytes. We discuss these data and propose a hypothesis for mechanisms of monocyte extravasation → fibroblast activation → fibrosis.
Scalable distributed concurrency services for hierarchical locking

Middleware components are becoming increasingly important as applications share computational resources in distributed environments. One of the main challenges in such environments is to achieve scalability of concurrency control. Existing concurrency protocols lack scalability. Scalability enables resource sharing and computing with distributed objects in systems with a large number of nodes. We have designed and implemented a novel, scalable and filly decentralized middleware concurrency control protocol. Our experiments on a Linux cluster indicate that an average number of three messages is required per lock request on a system with as many as 120, which is a logarithmic asymptote. At the same time, the response time for the requests scales linearly with the increase in concurrency level. A comparison to another scalable concurrency protocol shows that our protocol results in significantly superior asymptotic savings in message overhead and response time for large number of nodes. While our approach follows the specification of general CORBA concurrency services for large-scale data and object repositories, the principles are applicable to any distributed concurrency services and transaction models. The results of this work impact scalability for distributed computing facilities ranging from embedded computing with distributed objects over peer-to-peer computing environments to arbitrating accesses in very large database environments.
Production of Interferon by Suspensions of Human Leucocytes.

SummarySuspensions of leucocytes from 2 normal donors and 18 patients with various diseases, including 3 patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia were exposed to Sendai or measles virus and maintained in vitro for several days. Production of interferon occurred in 21 of 22 preparations. It is suggested that interferon-like substances may be liberated by leucocytes in vivo, after infection with some viruses and that production of interferon by leucocytes may provide a criterion for presence of non-cytopathic viruses.
Values, Policy, and Ecosystem Health

Robert T. Lackey (email: lackey.robert@epa.gov) is a natural resource ecologist at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon 97333. He is also courtesy professor of fisheries science and adjunct professor of political science at Oregon State University. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of any organization. Citation: Lackey, Robert T. 2001. Values, policy, and ecosystem health. BioScience. 51(6): 437-443.
Propagation of Poliovirus in Chick Embryo Cell Cultures. I. Cultivation of 3 Virus Types

SummaryCell cultures were prepared from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. After 5 transfers these were tested for susceptibility to infection by representative virulent strains of the 3 immunologic types of poliovirus. Multiplication was observed until the series were terminated after 10 or 20 passages. Neutralization tests confirmed the identity of the viruses after passage. The susceptibility of these cells to infection with poliovirus is in marked contrast to that of the tissues from which they were derived.
A Theorem About Voting

The objective of this essay is to present a simple decision-theoretic model of individual rational voting in a single-member district, using the simple-majority single-ballot system of election, and to derive the following theorem from the model: The rational voter votes for the candidate (party) associated with the outcome he (the voter) most prefers. The model and theorem may interest students of voting for at least two reasons. First, the theorem contradicts the classical argument that "there is one eventuality in a multiparty system that does not arise in a two-party system: a rational voter may at times vote for a party other than the one he most prefers."' The theorem asserts, by contrast, that what is true for the two-party case is also true for the multi-party case. Thus, the model andtheorem sharply differ from the classical theory of party systems. The ramifications of this conflict may affect some conventional views about the decline of third parties, the differences between two-party and multi-party systems, as well as (perhaps) other topics. Second, within the model, rational voting is a very simple thing. The rational voter needs to know neither the numerical probabilities of the outcomes nor the outcomes' numerical utilities for him. Thus, from the perspective of survey research on voting behavior, the model is realistic in the sense that it does not require the rational voter to make elaborate calculations. This suggests the possibility that studies of the psychology of voting may be integrated with studies of rational (mathematical) decision-making, with prospects of
Rheological Study of Collagen Gel With Different Surface Conditions

Most biological soft tissues are known to be viscoelastic. Storage and loss moduli measured by rheological tests are commonly used to characterize the mechanical properties of viscoelastic material [1]. During rheological measurements, samples are sandwiched between two parallel plates with an appropriate compression. The top plate is oscillated and the torque transmitted through the sample is measured. Due to compression, the fluid inside the biological samples is likely to be squeezed out and can be regarded as a lubricant between the sample and plates, which may lead to slippage between sample and plates. As a result, the measured mechanical properties can significantly misestimate the actual properties of the sample [2].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Should Clinicians Recommend E-cigarettes to Their Patients Who Smoke? No.

Clinicians should not routinely recommend electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes, to their patients who smoke. The wisdom of this evidenced-based recommendation stems from 4 key issues: inadequate safety, poor effectiveness, little regulation, and an ethical framework to
Overcome tumor heterogeneity-imposed therapeutic barriers through convergent genomic biomarker discovery: A braided cancer river model of kidney cancer.

Abstract Tumor heterogeneity, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental variables, is extremely complex and presents challenges to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Genomic efforts on genetic intratumor heterogeneity (G-ITH) confirm branched evolution, support the trunk-branch cancer model, and present a seemingly insurmountable obstacle to conquering cancers. G-ITH is conspicuous in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), where its presence complicates identification and validation of biomarkers and thwarts efforts in advancing precision cancer therapeutics. However, long-term clinical benefits on targeted therapy are not uncommon in metastatic ccRCC patients, implicating that there are underlying constraints during ccRCC evolution, which in turn force a nonrandom sequence of parallel gene/pathway/function/phenotype convergence within individual tumors. Accordingly, we proposed a “braided cancer river model” depicting ccRCC evolution, which deduces cancer development based on multiregion tumor genomics of exceptional mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) responders. Furthermore, we employ an outlier case to explore the river model and highlight the importance of “Five NGS Matters: Number, Frequency, Position, Site and Time” in assessing cancer genomics for precision medicine. This mutable cancer river model may capture clinically significant phenotype-convergent events, predict vulnerability/resistance mechanisms, and guide effective therapeutic strategies. Our model originates from studying exceptional responders in ccRCC, which warrants further refinement and future validation concerning its applicability to other cancer types. The goal of this review is employing kidney cancer as an example to illustrate critical issues concerning tumor heterogeneity.
Sleep Duration and Diabetes Risk in American Indian and Alaska Native Participants of a Lifestyle Intervention Project

Author(s): Nuyujukian, Daniel S; Beals, Janette; Huang, Haixiao; Johnson, Ann; Bullock, Ann; Manson, Spero M; Jiang, Luohua; Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project | Abstract: Study objectivesWe examine the association between self-reported sleep duration and diabetes incidence in a national sample of American Indians/ Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) with prediabetes.MethodsData were derived from the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention demonstration project. This longitudinal analysis included 1,899 participants with prediabetes recruited between January 1, 2006 and July 31, 2009 who reported sleep duration and completed all 16 classes of the lifestyle intervention consisting of diet, exercise, and behavior modification sessions to promote weight loss. Three years of follow-up data were included to fit Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetes incidence across sleep duration categories.ResultsThe crude diabetes incidence rate was 4.6 per 100 person-years among short sleepers (≤ 6 h per night) compared to 3.2 among those sleeping 7 h and 3.3 among those sleeping 8 h or more. After adjustment for age and sex, short sleep (≤ 6 h vs. others) was associated with increased diabetes risk (HR 1.55 [95% confidence interval 1.11-2.17]); risk remained significantly elevated after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviors, and health status. When adjusting for body mass index and percent weight loss, the short sleep-diabetes relationship was attenuated (HR 1.32 [95% confidence interval 0.92-1.89]). No significant long sleep-diabetes association was found. Further, short sleepers lost significantly less weight than others (3.7% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.003).ConclusionsShort sleep duration, but not long duration, was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk and less weight loss among AI/ANs in a lifestyle intervention. Further exploration of the complex factors underlying short sleep duration is warranted.
Keynote Address: Nanotechnology — Tools for the Satellite World

Microelectronics uses batch-fabrication techniques to produce planar, interconnected sub-micron structures. Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) nanoelectronics will be mass-produced by the year 2004 when lateral structures smaller than 100-nm will become common. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are fabricated using similar processes and will benefit from decreasing minimum feature size over time. Nanoelectronics and nanoelectromechanical systems will evolve over the next decade to provide ever-higher levels of functional density per unit area. Beyond the next decade the future is less certain, but other technologies such as nanometer-scale single electron transistors provide an idea of what may be possible in 20–25 years. The continuing increase in functional density will enable decreased spacecraft system size, and ultra-small spacecraft.
Legionnaires' Disease Complicated with Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury in an AIDS Patient.

Objective. To present a case of an uncommon triad of Legionella pneumonia, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure, with review of the relevant literature. Case. A 51-year-old with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and hypertension presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath over four days. Chest X-ray showed consolidation in left lower lung field; urine was positive for Legionella antigen and myoglobin; creatine kinase was 51092U/L; creatine was 6.9 mg/dL, and his CD4 count was 41 cells/ul. He was managed with azithromycin and levofloxacin and further required dialysis and ventilatory support in the intensive care unit due to renal failure and respiratory failure. He responded well to the treatment and made a complete recovery. Legionella pneumophila infection is a recognized but rare cause of rhabdomyolysis with high morbidity and mortality when there is extrapulmonary involvement. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is essential to improve outcomes. Conclusion. Physicians should consider Legionella pneumonia in patients with rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and respiratory symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment have been shown to have good clinical response. Timely intensive care management, together with early and judicious use of dialysis in patients complicated with rhabdomyolysis and renal failure, may lead to good outcomes.
A compact dual-band dual-mode metasurface-enabled antenna

In this paper, a compact dual-band dual-mode antenna based on metasurface technology is proposed. Through full-wave simulations, it is found that the proposed antenna can achieve broadside and end-fire radiation at two distinct operational frequency bands centered at 1.94 GHz and 2.50 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna is a promising candidate for many emerging applications including on/off-body communication systems.
Link-based fine granularity flow migration in SDNs to reduce packet loss

To maximize the data center network utilization, the SDN control plane needs to frequently update the data plane via flow migration as the network conditions change dynamically. Since each switch updates its flow table independently and asynchronously, the network state transition may result in serious link congestion and packet loss if it is done directly from the initial to the final stage. Deadlocks among flows and links may also block update processes. In this paper, we novelly migrate flows in a finer granularity of links, which is more likely to find a deadlock-free update plan. We prove that it is NP-hard to check the feasibility of a consistent flow migration. We also propose an efficient heuristic for allocating link resources to avoid deadlocks. We show the necessary and sufficient conditions for the deadlock existence in special situations. Extensive simulations show that our solution achieves a much higher probability of a consistent flow migration than prior methods.
2.5 – Silicon Stabilization

The chemistry of organic silicon compounds is one of the fastest growing fields in synthetic organic chemistry. Consequently, it has become one of the most important areas of research and the development of new methodology which provides general stereoselective reaction processes continues to be actively investigated.1 This chapter will review the synthetic utility of silicon-stabilized carbanion equivalents and their use in addition reactions to CX π-bonds. No attempt has been made to provide an exhaustive literature search, rather the discussion focuses on more recent developments in stereoselective bond-forming processes and their practical usage. The chapter has been organized by the various types of stabilized carbanion equivalents, with issues of selectivity being treated in the context of each specific type. Particular attention has been given to the treatment of σ-π-bonded silicon-stabilized carbanions, e.g. vinylsilanes, allenylsilanes, alkynylsilanes, propargylsilanes, allylsilanes and α-metallated organosilanes. Primary emphasis has been placed on practical enantio- and stereo-selective synthetic methods and yields; reaction conditions and proposed mechanisms, however, are frequently discussed. Reactions which have not been judged to be synthetically useful, due to isolation of the desired addition product in low yield, have been neglected.
8 – Computational Electromagnetics: The Method of Moments

The method of moments, also known as the moment method, is one of the numerical methods developed to rise up to the challenge of solving increasingly complex problems in electromagnetics. It transforms the governing equation of a boundary-value problem into a matrix equation to enable its solution on a digital computer. It is one of the dominant methods in computational electromagnetics. The chapter further describes basic principle of computational electromagnetics. The solutions to Maxwell's equations are sought directly by solving related differential equations. Alternatively, they are obtained by solving an integral equation derived from Maxwell's equations. For example, in the electrostatic case, an integral equation can be derived using the Green's function approach. A Green's function is a point source response and, in this case, is the potential produced by a point charge. The chapter also presents some fundamental integral equations in two and three dimensions that are found in most electromagnetic problems.
Corporate Debt Markets and Recovery Rates with Vulture Investors

Debt pricing models typically ignore the bankruptcy process by specifying recovery rates as an exogenous function of the state space. I develop a parsimonious model in which corporate default induces a transfer of bond ownership away from traditional diversified holders toward risk-averse activist investors (vultures). Vulture funds improve emergence recovery values but demand a premium which increases with the amount of risk they take. The ratio of activist wealth to defaulted debt emerges as the key state variable that drives prices and returns for defaulted debt and expected recovery rates for pre-default bondholders. In empirical tests, this ratio is a significant determinant of risk-adjusted returns and explains 82% of the time series variation in aggregate post-default trading prices. Exactly as the model predicts, the relationship between the activists wealth ratio and returns is strongest firms with assets that are difficult to monetize and for fulcrum classes where the creditors are likely to emerge from bankruptcy holding the newly issued equity. Through its determination of recovery rates, my renegotiation framework can be easily incorporated into a partial equilibrium asset pricing model where it helps to reduce pricing errors relative to models with exogenously-specified recovery rates. The improvement spans the rating spectrum and for 10 year debt in particular, is able to simultaneously match AAA-BBB and AAA-B spreads.
Chapter 17 The Plastid Genome as a Platform for the Expression of Microbial Resistance Genes

Stagnation in absolute yield increases of major food and fiber crops around the world is raising awareness that breeding for quantitative yield characteristics will most likely be insufficient to meet the needs of the burgeoning global population. Additionally the attractive agronomic characteristics of high absolute yield and disease resistance have been challenging to stack into new cultivars by classical breeding. Losses incurred along the production-consumption continuum are not considered in evaluations of yield stability. Reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization indicate that up to 25% of all food productivity is lost due to post-harvest variables including pre-harvest infestations which result in accumulation of toxic metabolites in storage. Annual losses caused by mycotoxigenic fungi, such as members of the genus Aspergillus, can potentially reach up to a billion dollars due to market rejection and animal health impacts. Aflatoxin B1, the most prevalent of the toxins produced by a number of Aspergillus and Emericella species, is classified as a class 1 carcinogen. Around the globe effective management programs for the detection and elimination of aflatoxins presents a major challenge. Much attention has been focused on implementing strategies to prevent pre-harvest infestation by Aspergillus flavus, the major source of aflatoxin contamination in food and feed crops. Genetic improvement of susceptible crop species may enhance resistance to microbial pathogens and facilitate reduced pesticide load, yet the possibility for transmission of novel genes to wild relatives has hampered acceptance of GM crops in some markets. Chloroplast transformation presents an attractive alternative to nuclear transformation and offers the potential to ameliorate this and other environmental concerns. Most agronomically important species exhibit maternal inheritance of organellar genomes eliminating the threat of transgene escape through pollen. Additionally, gene silencing is absent due to site directed, single copy insertion by homologous recombination. Foreign proteins can accumulate to high levels and are retained within the chloroplast envelope protecting them from degradation by host cytoplasmic proteases. In this study, a bacterial chloroperoxidase gene (cpo-p) was transformed into the tobacco chloroplast genome to test its efficacy against several plant pathogens and Aspergillus flavus.
Numerical investigation of the effect of microchannel evaporator design and operation on the improvement potential of ejector refrigeration cycles

Abstract Recent ejector studies have focused on the design and performance of the two-phase ejector and its effect on the performance of the ejector cycle. However, recent experimental work has shown that the effect of evaporator design on ejector cycle performance can also be quite significant. In this paper, a numerical model of a microchannel air-to-refrigerant evaporator, capable of accounting for heat transfer and pressure drop effects, is used to investigate the effect that different evaporator dimensions have on the performance of ejector cycles. Two ejector cycles are compared: The standard ejector cycle, in which the ejector is used to directly lift compressor suction pressure, and the ejector recirculation cycle, in which the ejector overfeeds the evaporator but does not directly lift compressor suction pressure. The effects of microchannel port hydraulic diameter, number of evaporator passes, and liquid feed rate are investigated. The analysis is performed with refrigerants R410A and CO2.
Emotion Recognition Using Deep Neural Network with Vectorized Facial Features

Emotion reveals valuable information regarding human communications. It is common to use facial expressions to express emotions during a conversation. Moreover, some interpersonal communication can be achieved using facial expressions only. Some facial expressions are universal, they express the same emotion across cultures. If a machine were able to interpret its user's facial expression correctly, it might be able to help its user more efficiently. In this paper, a novel vectorized facial feature for facial expression will be introduced. The vectorized facial feature can be used to build an DNN (Deep Neural Network) for emotion recognition. Using the proposed vectorized facial feature, the DNN can predict emotions with 84.33% accuracy. Nevertheless, compared with CNNs (Convolutional Neural Network) with similar performance, training such DNN requires less time and data.
Government Regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Implications for Corporate Governance

Governments increasingly require that firms address a wide range of corporate social responsibility (CSR) stakeholder demands rather than narrow shareholder needs. This chapter explores implications for corporate governance of mandatory CSR reporting requirements focusing in particular on non-financial disclosure and tax transparency in extractives. Non-financial disclosure requirements are overwhelmingly soft while tax transparency reporting requirements are hard. Firms typically manage CSR programs in non-core support functions such as communications or health, safety and environment. Soft CSR reporting criteria have limited impact on the internal governance of firms and top-level management decisions. In contrast, hard CSR reporting criteria constitute a key element of corporate governance. Firms manage tax transparency in core corporate functions such as the audit committee and it is the responsibility of the Chief Financial Officer who usually sits on the executive board. Top-level management is more likely to take CSR programs seriously that impose mandatory hard requirements.
While the campus sleeps: Two perspectives on the uniqueness of overnight library work

Midnight, by definition, is a period of transition. It’s a quiet moment nestled between sunset and sunrise that universally marks the end of one day and the beginning of another. Most people are asleep at that hour, happily oblivious to this ceremonial passage of time, but we aren’t most people. As third-shift information associates with the Georgia Tech Library, a 24-hour academic library in Atlanta, Georgia, our work schedule is synchronized with the birth of each new day. We are the vampires of the library world, and midnight is our magic hour. We’ve reflected on our eight years as colleagues separately and collectively, and have gathered the following thoughts on what makes the graveyard shift at the library a lovely and distinctive experience.
Crise Migratoire, Régionalisme Alsacien et Politique Linguistique Française Dans Invitation À Quitter la France De Martin Graff

Martin Graff est un journaliste et essayiste alsacien contemporain. Tandis que son œuvre traite habituellement des strategies a mettre en place pour sauver le dialecte alsacien de la disparition face a une politique linguistique francaise que les milieux regionalistes qualifient volontiers de monolinguiste et de monodiscursive, la publication en 2001 de son pamphlet de quelque deux cent pages Invitation a quitter la France se distingue par l’imbrication des problematiques regionalistes et migratoires. Conscient du fait que les crises migratoires de 2001 et de 2018 comportent des differences de nature et d’origines, cet article vise neanmoins a demontrer la brulante actualite des questions soulevees par Graff et les solutions qu’il propose en matiere de politique linguistique dans le cadre francais en particulier, et, plus largement, europeen.
Transforming the dead: culturally modified bone in the prehistoric Midwest

Culturally modified bone, human or otherwise, has been documented globally from at least 40,000 years ago. Interpreting why it was modified has often been a challenge. In Transforming the Dead, the...
Robot Authority in Human-Machine Teams: Effects of Human-Like Appearance on Compliance

Current technology allows for the deployment of security patrol and police robots. It is expected that in the near future robots and similar technologies will exhibit some degree of authority over people within human-machine teams. Studies in classical psychology investigating compliance have shown that people tend to comply with requests from others who display or are assumed to have authority. In this study, we investigated the effect of a robot’s human-like appearance on compliance with a request. We compared two different robots to a human control condition. The robots assumed the role of a coach in learning a difficult task. We hypothesized that participants would have higher compliance with robots high compared to robots low in human-like appearance. The coach continuously prompts the participant to continue to practice the task beyond the time the participant wishes to actually proceed. Compliance was measured by time practiced after the first prompt and the total number of images processed. Results showed that compliance with the request was the highest with a human and compliance with both robots was significantly lower. However, we showed that robots can be used as persuasive coaches that can help a human teammate to persist in training task. There were no differences between the High and Low Human-Like robot for compliance time, however the Low Human-Like robot has people practise on more images than the High Human-Like robot. The implication of this study is that robots are currently inferior to humans when it comes to compliance in a human-machine team. Future robots need to be carefully designed in an authoritative way if maximizing compliance to their requests is the primary goal.
Feminist Storytelling: Representing the Stories of Diverse Women in Psychology

AbstractIn this special issue, we utilize feminist storytelling to highlight the experiences of diverse female psychologists. While women comprise most of the field, nonwhite women are notably unde...
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine and the Politics of Wordsworthian Feeling

This chapter examines the politicised early reception of William Wordsworth’s poetry in a series of articles that John Wilson published in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine from 1817 to 1822, focusing on their treatment of ‘the passions’ and arguing that the Blackwood’s version of Wordsworth can be seen as a conservative appropriation and interrogation of the Wordsworthian narrative of the growth, loss, and recovery of deep ‘human affections’ (BEM 4: 257). Coexisting with that narrative, I suggest, are deceptively radical glimpses of the possibility of nonhuman feeling associated with ancient Indian poetry. The Blackwood’s articles thus not only pay (somewhat satirical) homage to Wordsworth’s insight into (English) human emotion, but also tap into the ‘Braminical’ serenity of the nonhuman in terms that invite post-colonial and ecological interpretation.
Accelerating the Convergence of Higher-Order Coupled Cluster Methods II: Coupled Cluster $\Lambda$ Equations and Dynamic Damping

The method of sub-iteration, which was previously applied to the higher-order coupled cluster amplitude equations, is extended to the case of the coupled cluster $\Lambda$ equations. The sub-iteration procedure for the $\Lambda$ equations is found to be highly similar to that for the amplitude equations, and to exhibit a similar improvement in rate of convergence relative to extrapolation of all $\hat{T}$ or $\hat{\Lambda}$ amplitudes using DIIS. A method of dynamic damping is also presented which is found to effectively recover rapid convergence in the case of oscillatory behavior in the amplitude or $\Lambda$ equations. Together, these techniques allow for the convergence of both the amplitude and $\Lambda$ equations necessary for the calculation of analytic gradients and properties of higher-order coupled cluster methods without the high memory or disk I/O cost of full DIIS extrapolation.
The institutional grammar tool in policy analysis and applications to resilience and robustness research

Resilient and robust natural resources management institutions have the ability to adapt (be resilient to) or withstand (be robust to) endogenous and exogenous shocks. While resilience and robustness are relatively easily defined, their empirical assessment and measurement are more challenging. With institutions understood as the individual rules, norms, and shared strategies used to organize repeated interactions between people, assessment of institutional resilience and robustness requires a rigorous and standardized approach to identifying and categorizing these rules, norms, and shared strategies. This article provides a review of the origins and theoretical foundations of the Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), a method developed to address the challenge of empirical assessment. The article builds on and extends existing applications in the literature to demonstrate how the IGT is a compatible method with several frameworks for analysis and evaluation of resilience and robustness in natural resources governance.
Application of Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders.

Background: Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of depression, but to date, VNS devices have required surgical implantation, which has limited widespread implementation. Methods: New noninvasive VNS (nVNS) devices have been developed which allow external stimulation of the vagus nerve, and their effects on physiology in patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders can be measured with brain imaging, blood biomarkers, and wearable sensing devices. Advantages in terms of cost and convenience may lead to more widespread implementation in psychiatry, as well as facilitate research of the physiology of the vagus nerve in humans. nVNS has effects on autonomic tone, cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, and central brain areas involved in modulation of emotion, all of which make it particularly applicable to patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, since dysregulation of these circuits and systems underlies the symptomatology of these disorders. Results: This paper reviewed the physiology of the vagus nerve and its relevance to modulating the stress response in the context of application of nVNS to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: nVNS has a favorable effect on stress physiology that is measurable using brain imaging, blood biomarkers of inflammation, and wearable sensing devices, and shows promise in the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Clinicopathological abnormalities associated with increased animal triage trauma score in cats presenting for vehicular trauma: 75 cases (1998-2009).

OBJECTIVE To document the clinical and clinicopathological changes in cats presenting with vehicular trauma (VT) and to determine whether the calculated animal trauma triage (ATT) score was associated with any clinicopathological abnormalities. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study conducted between 1998 and 2009. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Seventy-five client-owned cats that presented for VT to an urban veterinary hospital. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pertinent history, physical examination findings, results of biochemical testing, and outcome were extracted from medical records. ATT score was calculated based on physical examination. Patients were classified as having either a low (<5) ATT (n = 30) or a high (≥5) ATT (n = 45) score. Male cats were overrepresented (60.0%), and a majority of cats had outdoor access (65.3%). Low PCV (P = 0.024), low total plasma protein concentration (P = 0.032), low venous blood pH (P = 0.047), high plasma lactate concentration (P = 0.047), low plasma bicarbonate concentration (P = 0.047), low base excess (P = 0.047), and high plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.047) were associated with higher ATT scores. In addition, low noninvasive blood pressure measurements (P = 0.008) were associated with higher ATT scores. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between lower PCV, lower total plasma protein concentration, lower venous blood pH, higher plasma lactate concentration, lower plasma bicarbonate concentration, lower base excess, higher whole blood glucose concentration, and lower noninvasive blood pressure and higher ATT scores at presentation in feline patients suffering from VT. Prospective evaluation of these values may prove useful in furthering understanding of the pathophysiology of trauma in cats.
Hybridized time-frequency method for the measurement of entropy coefficient of lithium-ion battery

Abstract Entropy coefficient (dUOC/dT) is the key parameter of lithium-ion battery that determines the amount of the reversible heat generated during operations. In this paper, we propose a new measurement method of the entropy coefficient that uses a newly developed thermostat system in conjunction with a two-step data processing technique that reduces the measurement time by a time-domain background voltage offset correction and a frequency-domain entropy coefficient determination. The cell used for the experiments is a large format pouch type lithium-ion battery with graphite-LMO/NMC chemistry. The measured entropy coefficient profile is compared with the results of the potentiometric and calorimetric method, which has shown that the measurement time is drastically reduced while the accuracy is comparable with that by the potentiometric method. Further investigations on effects of temperatures and aging on the entropy coefficient have facilitated the measurement of the reversible heat source term dependent upon the operating conditions such as SOC, temperature and cycle life.
Mechanisms for Heterogeneous Catalysis

The Goddard group was the first to apply ab initio QM to determining the mechanisms of complex heterogeneous catalysts. Particular emphasis has been on activation of propane, propene, and butane also ammoxiation to acrylonitral and N2 reducton to NH3. Since then we have used QM to discover the reaction mechanisms for many practical heterogeneous catalysts for butane to maleic anhydride, ammoxidation, and N2 reduction (Haber Bosch).
Characterizing the use of osteopathic manipulative medicine in the obstetric population by trimester and indications for use.

Context Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) has been shown to successfully alleviate some pregnancy-related pain. However, most of the published data focuses on the third trimester and postpartum period or musculoskeletal indications. Objective To explore OMM use among obstetrical providers and determine the frequency of use by trimester and by clinical indications across multiple types of women's healthcare practices in Southern and Central Maine. Methods An anonymous, 43-item survey, presented in English, was emailed to 172 eligible providers (physicians, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives with obstetrics privileges at one of two main delivery centers in southern and central Maine) via an encrypted database system in January 2018. Follow-up email reminders were sent weekly for three weeks. Questions addressed use of OMM for specific indications, knowledge of OMM, and perceived barriers use of OMM. Results The survey response rate was 73 of 172 (42%); 95% of respondents were physicians (n=69). Due to the low response rate of non-physicians, only data from physicians was included in the study. Data were summarized descriptively as frequencies (n [%]). The highest rates of OMM utilization were during the third trimester (35 [51.5%]) and postpartum (41 [60.3%]) periods, while the lowest rates of utilization were in the intrapartum (eight [11.9%]) and first trimester periods (26 [38.3%]). Osteopathic physicians (n=19) used OMM more frequently in the first, second, and third trimesters, as well as the intrapartum period (10 [52.6%]; 11 [57.9%]; 14 [73.7%]; and six [31.6%], respectively) compared with their allopathic physician (n=50) counterparts (nine [8%]; 15 [30%]; 21 [42%]; and two [4%], respectively). While osteopathic physicians reported higher frequencies of OMM use and referral for non-musculoskeletal indications such as constipation, edema, and nasal congestion (13 [68.4%]; 11 [57.9%]; 10 [52.6%], respectively), musculoskeletal complaints were the most frequently cited indication for OMM use among both osteopathic and allopathic physicians (low back, 67 [97.1%]; pelvis, 65 [94.2%]; coccyx, 50 [72.5%]; and head, 49 [71%]). Conclusion These results suggest that more education is needed about OMM use in the obstetric population, particularly during early trimesters and the intrapartum period, as well as for visceral and lymphatic complaints of pregnancy.