cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on Histoplasma Capsulatum and Similar form-Species. III. Effect of Hydrogen Ion Concentration

The results of the studies of the effects of the hydrogen-ion concentration of the medium upon the growth and sporulation of Sepedonium chrysospermum and Histoplasma capsulatum may be summarized as...
Application of SJ-100 Synthetical Automation System to Biliu River Hydropower Plant

The characteristic and spot application of SJ-100 synthetically automation system in Biliu river hydropower station are introduced.In this project,the primary analog control device is replaced by new digital equipment,which integrates many functions as a whole device.The function includes observe and control,automatic synchronization,rotate speed measuring,AC sampling,excitation and protective relaying.Since the system was used,hardware and software run stably all times,each of guideline can satisfy design,in addition,many technology methods are also offered to safety run and repairing in this station.
Housing Upkeep and Public Good Provision in Residential Neighborhoods

AbstractNeighborhood condition is a public good in part provided by neighborhood residents’ private property maintenance. Considering neighborhood condition as an impure public good provides a theoretical basis for understanding how the level of neighborhood quality may affect residents’ home maintenance decisions. Empirical results in a low-income neighborhood, where formulating public policy to improve neighborhoods is of significant concern, indicate a positive substitution effect. When neighborhoods improve, residents respond by increasing exterior home upkeep. This result is robust to both changes in the neighborhood condition generated by other neighbors’ increase in maintenance and exogenous public investment in the neighborhood.
A Study of the Acquisition of Competitive Information in Business Simulations

This paper addresses the question of the use of competitor in-formation in computerized simulations. Specifically, it exam-ines if, and how, students playing a generalized business simu-lation purchase, and use, competitor information to assist them in making strategic decisions. The paper first reviews the liter-ature on the topic, which surprisingly is sparse. The remainder of the paper is an examination of a series of hard data (actual purchasing decisions) and self-report data relating to the stu-dents purchasing rationales. The paper concludes that students purchase information but use it mainly to watch their competi-tors. In general students do not seem to know what else to do with competitor information. Finally, the study notes that stu-dents purchasing significant amounts of competitor information do not necessarily perform better than students purchasing less competitor information.
Relapsing Herpes Simplex Encephalitis with Chorea

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) followed a biphasic course with relapse in 3 children aged 11 years, 9 months, and 11 months reported from the Hospital for Sick Children, London and South Hampton General Hospital, England.
Comparison of Type II Endoleak Embolizations: Embolization of Endoleak Nidus Only versus Embolization of Endoleak Nidus and Branch Vessels.

Abstract Purpose To compare outcomes of type II endoleak embolization involving embolization of the endoleak nidus only vs embolization of the endoleak nidus and branch vessels in patients treated with endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Materials and Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients (mean age, 77.9 y; range, 63–88 y) with type II endoleak who underwent embolization from 2004 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: embolization of endoleak nidus only (group A) and embolization of endoleak nidus and branch vessels (group B). Mean follow-up intervals were 20.5 months ± 14.7 in group A and 24.3 months ± 18.5 in group B. Outcomes were compared between groups by Mann–Whitney U and Pearson χ 2 tests. Results Mean interval from endovascular aneurysm repair to embolization was 47.6 months ± 42.9, and mean presentation time of endoleak before embolization was 23.1 months ± 25.8. Coils (n = 28) and liquid embolic agents (n = 23) were used for embolization. There were no significant differences in rates of residual endoleak (50% vs 53.8%; P = .96) or sac decrease/stabilization (62.5% vs 61.5%; P = .64). Procedure time and radiation exposure in group B (132.3 min ± 78.1; 232.4 Gy·cm 2 ± 130.7) were greater than in group A (63.4 min ± 11.9; 61.5 Gy·cm 2 ± 35.5; P Conclusions Embolization of the endoleak nidus and branch vessels is not superior to embolization of only the nidus in terms of occlusion of type II endoleak and change in sac size despite requiring longer procedure times and resulting in greater patient radiation exposure.
Effect of Legislation on Indoor Tanning Prevalence in Alabama

Objectives. To examine changes in indoor tanning prevalence among Alabama high school students the year before and after its 2014 legal restrictions compared with Florida, which had more lenient legislation.Methods. We analyzed the Alabama and Florida 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 14 389; population = 1 864 241) by gender, age, year (2013, 2015), state (Alabama, Florida), and year-by-state interactions.Results. Prevalence of indoor tanning was higher among Alabama youths, but the difference did not significantly change after the law was passed in Alabama (between-state change differences ranged from a 3.3% increase among 14-year-old Alabama girls to a 9.7% decrease among 14-year-old Alabama boys).Conclusions. We found no significant changes in indoor tanning among adolescents since the enactment of Alabama’s tanning restrictions in 2014. More oversight and monitoring are needed to ensure that indoor tanning facilities are compliant with emerging laws.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid and acetate on milk fat synthesis and adipose lipogenesis in lactating dairy cows.

During biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression (MFD), nutrients are spared from milk fat synthesis and are available for other metabolic uses. Acetate is the major carbon source spared and it may increase lipid synthesis in adipose tissue during MFD. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the amount of acetate spared during CLA-induced MFD on adipose tissue lipogenesis. Nine multiparous, lactating, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows (244 ± 107 d in milk; 25 ± 8.4 kg of milk/d; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Experimental periods were 4 d followed by a 10-d washout. Treatments were control (CON), ruminal infusion of acetate (AC; continuous infusion of 7 mol/d adjusted to pH 6.1 with sodium hydroxide), or abomasal infusion of CLA (10 g/d of both trans-10,cis-12 CLA and cis-9,trans-11 CLA). Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk protein yield and percentage were not affected by treatments. Compared with CON, milk fat yield decreased 23% and fat percent decreased 28% in CLA, and milk fat yield increased 20% in AC. Concentration and yield of milk de novo synthesized fatty acids ( C16) was increased by CLA, compared with CON. Yield of de novo synthesized fatty acids and palmitic acid was increased by AC, compared with CON. Lipogenesis capacity of adipose tissue explants was decreased 72% by CLA, but was not affected by AC. Acetate oxidation by adipose explants was not affected by treatments. Treatments had no effect on expression of key lipogenic factors, lipogenic enzymes, and leptin; however, expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 was reduced in CLA compared with CON. Additionally, hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin 1 were decreased by CLA and acetate. Plasma glucose and glucagon concentrations were not affected by treatments; however, CLA increased nonesterified fatty acids 17.7%, β-hydroxybutyrate 16.1%, and insulin 27.8% compared with CON, and AC increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate 18%. In conclusion, during CLA-induced MFD in low-producing cow adipose tissue was sensitive to the anti-lipogenic effects of CLA, while spared acetate did not stimulate adipose lipogenesis. However, acetate may play an important role in stimulating lipogenesis and improving energy status in the mammary gland under normal conditions.
A practical examination of RNA isolation methods for European pear (Pyrus communis).

With the goal of identifying fast, reliable, and broadly applicable RNA isolation methods in European pear fruit for downstream transcriptome analysis, we evaluated several commercially available kit-based RNA isolation methods, plus our modified version of a published cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-based method. We confirmed previous work indicating chaotropic agent-based kits produced sufficient, high-quality RNA in freshly harvested, mature ‘Bartlett’ fruit. However, RNA isolation from ‘d’Anjou’ pear peel and especially cortical tissues of fruit stored for 11 months proved challenging to all but our modified CTAB-based method. Generally, more RNA was recovered from peel tissues than cortical tissues. Less toxic dithiothreitol was confirmed to be an acceptable reducing agent as its substitution for 2-mercaptoethanol often yielded high quality RNA. Finally, we present evidence that erroneous signals in the 5S region of Bioanalyzer RNA size plot histograms, that interfered with RNA integrity number calculation, were small RNA fragments that are reduced by simple cleanup procedures, not artifacts as previously reported.
Image-Guided Spinal Stabilization

With image guidance technology, surgeons are able to correlate surgical anatomy with radiographic images in vivo during surgery. Image guidance provides valuable intraoperative feedback to the surgeon and can help guide different tasks in spinal surgery procedures including dissection of the spinal anatomy in revision cases, location of the skin incisions in minimally invasive cases, and placement of instrumentation in fusion cases. Due to its increased accuracy, usability, and efficiency, image guidance technology has been gaining popularity among surgeons performing various procedures. As this technology has become more efficient and user-friendly, its use in spinal surgery has increased. However, the adoption of spinal navigation into a surgeon’s practice does involve a learning curve, which can create frustration. Accordingly, some surgeons will abandon this technology before they overcome this learning curve. In this chapter, we will review the key concepts that are critical in performing image-guided spinal surgeries successfully. The authors hope this chapter serves as a guide for spine surgeons hoping to adopt image guidance as a part of their armamentarium.
The (n, γ) Spectroscopy

Experiments on neutron-capture gamma rays may be classified into four categories: (1) those concerned with reaction mechanisms, (2) those that use the gamma rays as a spectroscopic tool to determine the properties of initial states, (3) those that use the gamma rays to study bound (usually low-energy) states, and (4) those that use the gamma rays as an intense source of monoenergetic radiation. Papers in all of these categories have been contributed to this conference, and Dr. Ingvar Bergqvist and I have been assigned the responsibility of reviewing them. In order to bring some coherence to this task, we have divided the papers as follows. Bergqvist is responsible for papers concerned with reaction mechanisms. I am responsible for papers concerned with the spectroscopy of bound states. In addition, I will discuss those concerning techniques and methods, some of which are of interest for the study of neutron resonances.
The feasibility of a binge eating intervention in Black women with obesity

Abstract Introduction U.S. Black women have the highest rates of obesity and report frequent binge eating behaviors. To our knowledge, no intervention research has aimed to treat binge eating specifically among Black women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effect of Appetite Awareness Treatment (AAT), an 8-week cognitive-behavioral binge eating intervention, among Black women with obesity, and who report binge eating. Methods Participants (N = 31), had a mean (±SD) age of 48.8 ± 12.8 years, a body mass index of 33.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2, and reported at least one binge eating episode monthly over the last three months. Using a randomized controlled trial design, Black women were randomized to AAT or a wait-list control group (WAIT) group. We examined recruitment, attendance, retention, and adherence. Linear mixed models explored preliminary differences between the AAT and WAIT on the primary outcome variables of binge eating and eating self-efficacy measured at baseline and 8-weeks. Results Approximately one-third of screened participants were eligible and did enroll. Participants completed 55% of homework assignments, and attended 59% of intervention sessions. Retention to AAT was 87.5%. Compared to participants in the WAIT group, AAT participants had greater decreases in binge eating scores and greater improvements in eating self-efficacy scores at the end of Week 8. Conclusion Results suggest that AAT is feasible among Black women with binge eating behaviors, with evidence of preliminary efficacy, providing a rationale for a trial of AAT in a larger sample of Black women.
Figs, pollinators, and parasites: A longitudinal study of the effects of nematode infection on fig wasp fitness

Abstract Mutualisms are interactions between two species in which the fitnesses of both symbionts benefit from the relationship. Although examples of mutualism are ubiquitous in nature, the ecology, evolution, and stability of mutualism has rarely been studied in the broader, multi-species community context in which they occur. The pollination mutualism between figs and fig wasps provides an excellent model system for investigating interactions between obligate mutualists and antagonists. Compared to the community of non-pollinating fig wasps that develop within fig inflorescences at the expense of fig seeds and pollinators, consequences of interactions between female pollinating wasps and their host-specialist nematode parasites is much less well understood. Here we focus on a tri-partite system comprised of a fig (Ficus petiolaris), pollinating wasp (Pegoscapus sp.), and nematode (Parasitodiplogaster sp.), investigating geographical variation in the incidence of attack and mechanisms through which nematodes may limit the fitness of their wasp hosts at successive life history stages. Observational data reveals that nematodes are ubiquitous across their host range in Baja California, Mexico; that the incidence of nematode infection varies across seasons within- and between locations, and that infected pollinators are sometimes associated with fitness declines through reduced offspring production. We find that moderate levels of infection (1–9 juvenile nematodes per host) are well tolerated by pollinator wasps whereas higher infection levels (≥10 nematodes per host) are correlated with a significant reduction in wasp lifespan and dispersal success. This overexploitation, however, is estimated to occur in only 2.8% of wasps in each generation. The result that nematode infection appears to be largely benign – and the unexpected finding that nematodes frequently infect non-pollinating wasps – highlight gaps in our knowledge of pollinator-Parasitodiplogaster interactions and suggest previously unappreciated ways in which this nematode may influence fig and pollinator fitness, mutualism persistence, and non-pollinator community dynamics.
Patient Navigation in Cancer Care Delivery

Patient navigation in cancer care represents a significant advance in improving the quality of cancer care delivery, by focusing on meeting patients’ needs and optimizing care coordination. Originally conceived as a means to address disparities in underserved populations, patient navigation has evolved as an essential strategy for enhancing outcomes in quality, including the patient experience of care. Empirical research on the impact of navigation is still emerging; however, preliminary results indicate improvements in clinical care and a potential positive return on investment. Ultimately, all patients affected by cancer may benefit to some degree from the added coordination, education, and advocacy provided by patient navigators.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: The Impact of Diet and Other Therapeutic Interventions on Clinical and Histological Outcomes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is generally characterized by hepatic steatosis by imaging or histology in the absence of secondary causes for hepatic fat accumulation, such as significant alcohol consumption, hepatitis C or other chronic liver disease, hereditary disorders, or steatogenic medications. NAFLD is further subgrouped into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and simple steatosis depending on the histological presence of inflammation with hepatocellular injury in the former (NASH) and lack of hepatocyte injury in the latter. The natural history of simple steatosis is a very slow or no histological progression of simple steatosis. In contrast, NASH can exhibit rapid histological progression and ultimately develop cirrhosis [1, 2]. Accordingly, patients with NASH, but not simple steatosis, have an increased liver-related mortality. However, NAFLD patients as a group have a higher overall mortality compared to matched control populations, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death both subgroups [3–8].
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Morris hepatomas 3924A and 7800 and from liver treated with thioacetamide.

Nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases were extracted from Morris hepatomas 3924A and 7800, thioacetamide-treated liver and normal rat liver. The enzymes were fractionated chromatographically. The levels of nucleolar RNA polymerases, particularly IB, were several fold higher in the tmors and thioacetamide-treated liver than in normal liver. The ratios of I/II in liver, thioacetamide-treated liver, Morris hepatoma 7800 and 3924A were 0.29, 0.58, 0.70 and 6.9, respectively. Detailed investigations on the enzymes derived from thioacetamide-treated liver showed that the increase in the levels of RNA polymerase was specific to the transcriptionally active, chromatin-associated form of IB. The available data suggest that the increase in the levels of RNA polymerases IA and IB is largely due to augmented quantities of enzyme protein. These studies show that the observed rise in the levels of nucleolar RNA polymerases is directly related to the degree of neoplasia and suggest that this phenomenon might be one of the early biochemical events which eventually lead to tumorigenesis.
Simultaneous multislice cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting using low rank reconstruction

This study introduces a technique for simultaneous multislice (SMS) cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (cMRF), which improves the slice coverage when quantifying myocardial T1, T2 , and M0 . The single-slice cMRF pulse sequence was modified to use multiband (MB) RF pulses for SMS imaging. Different RF phase schedules were used to excite each slice, similar to POMP or CAIPIRINHA, which imparts tissues with a distinguishable and slice-specific magnetization evolution over time. Because of the high net acceleration factor (R = 48 in plane combined with the slice acceleration), images were first reconstructed with a low rank technique before matching data to a dictionary of signal timecourses generated by a Bloch equation simulation. The proposed method was tested in simulations with a numerical relaxation phantom. Phantom and in vivo cardiac scans of 10 healthy volunteers were also performed at 3 T. With single-slice acquisitions, the mean relaxation times obtained using the low rank cMRF reconstruction agree with reference values. The low rank method improves the precision in T1 and T2 for both single-slice and SMS cMRF, and it enables the acquisition of maps with fewer artifacts when using SMS cMRF at higher MB factors. With this technique, in vivo cardiac maps were acquired from three slices simultaneously during a breathhold lasting 16 heartbeats. SMS cMRF improves the efficiency and slice coverage of myocardial T1 and T2 mapping compared with both single-slice cMRF and conventional cardiac mapping sequences. Thus, this technique is a first step toward whole-heart simultaneous T1 and T2 quantification with cMRF.
Contribution of chest computed tomography in post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children

Background: Post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a serious disease in children. The chest computed tomography (CCT) lesions are varied. The correlation between the severity of clinical symptoms and the importance of radiological signs is poorly reported. Aims: To study the role of the CCT in PIBO in children at diagnosis. Methods: Our study was retrospective including all patients with PIBO diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 and having CCT at diagnosis. All data were collected from the medical records. Results: Fourteen patients were collected with a mean age at diagnosis of 16 months. The offending viruses were Influenzae B (n=2), metapneumovirus (n=2), adenovirus (n=1) and respiratory syncytial virus (n=1). The CCT was performed at 3 months on average after the initial viral infection. The most frequent CCT findings were: alveolar condensation with peribronchial thickening (n=14), mosaic pattern (n=9), bronchiectasis (n=7) of which 4 diffuse and bilateral, atelectasis (n=6) and air trapping (n=3). Under corticosteroids, 5 patients were asymptomatic with rare exacerbations, and 4 had permanent wheezing without severe exacerbations. Five patients died after a follow-up of 2.5 years on average. Three of them had developed severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and required long-term non-invasive ventilation. Patients with severe or fatal PIOB (n=9) had extensive initial radiological lesions with predominance of severe bronchiectasis and diffuse air trapping. Conclusions: CCT has contributed to PIOB diagnosis in all cases especially in the absence of virology. The severity of the initial radiological lesions seems to be correlated with poor prognosis.
Introducing Manganese-Doped Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Simple Synthesis Illustrating Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors

Quantum dots (QDs) are considered useful for demonstrating quantum phenomena in undergraduate laboratories due to their monodisperse size and excellent optical properties. Although doping has an in...
Assessment of Memory and Function

The goal of this chapter is to provide medical students with a framework for competency in the evaluation of cognition in elderly patients, namely, to “perform and interpret a cognitive assessment in older adults for whom there are concerns regarding memory or function.” The chapter reviews history-taking, the mental status examination, and standardized instruments in formulating a cognitive assessment of the older patient in contemplation of a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder. These include delirium and mild or major neurocognitive disorder (mild cognitive impairment versus dementia).
EDTA-Inspired Polydentate Hydrogels with Exceptionally High Heavy Metal Adsorption Capacity as Reusable Adsorbents for Wastewater Purification

Water pollution by heavy metal ions is a critical threat to public health. To remove the heavy metal pollutants from large waterbodies, we have synthesized a biocompatible, cost-effective, metal ion non-specific, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-inspired polydentate hydrogel with exceptionally high adsorption capacity and reusability. The hydrogel was synthesized by the transamidation reaction between hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and branched polyethylenimine (BPEI). The mechanical strength of the synthesized hydrogel displayed an increasing trend with the wt % of the cross-linker (BPEI) and achieved a maximum storage modulus (Gmax') of 1093 Pa. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous network structure of the hydrogel (pore size: 30-70 μm), resulting in a very high swelling ratio of 5800%. The porous hydrogel manifested the maximum adsorption capacity of 482.2 mg/g when adsorbing from a mixture of metal ions (Cr3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+), higher than any EDTA-grafted material known to date. The high adsorption capacity of the hydrogel was attributed to the existence of numerous EDTA-mimicking coordinating functional groups, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the hydrogel showed the self-healing property and preserved more than 85% adsorption efficiency even after five cycles of reuse. Furthermore, the hydrogels showed no or moderate toxicity toward mammalian cells.
Anti-PD-1 Therapy-Associated Type 1 Diabetes in a Pediatric Patient With Relapsed Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) perturb T-cell regulatory pathways to enhance antitumor immunity. However, an increase reporting of ICI-associated diabetes is observed in adults. To our knowledge, no cases have been reported in the pediatric population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We describe a pediatric case of ICI-associated type 1 diabetes in a 12-year-old Hispanic boy with Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient had a history of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and was treated with pembrolizumab after disease progression. RESULTS The patient was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis after five cycles of pembrolizumab. The patient was discharged with daily insulin injections and has continued on exogenous insulin ever since. CONCLUSIONS The expanded ICI use may lead to more cases in pediatric patients as has been observed in adults. Considering the acute manifestation of diabetes and the added burden of lifelong insulin therapy, in particular for pediatric patients and their families, monitoring and education of ICI-associated diabetes in children is needed.
Afterword: Does Deliberative Democracy Have a Role in Our Time of Political Crisis?

Since the first generation of deliberative democratic theory, and the ‘deliberative turn’ in the 1990s, many societies around the world have become more institutionally fragile, multi-dimensionally unjust, and deeply divided. Does deliberative democracy have a constructive role to play in in these more challenging times in politics? As scholars of deliberation widen their ambit to explore broader forms of political communication, interactions between directly deliberative and non-deliberative institutions, and the roles for forms of highly adversarial political action, developments in deliberative democratic theory can help to guide efforts to strengthen our institutions in the short term and create political arrangements that are more just and democratic in the longer term.
Using Webcam Video Feed to Measure and Evaluate National Park Recreation Patterns

Park managers and researchers have increasingly sought new approaches for data collection to understand recreation patterns and experiences in a more sophisticated and holistic manner. Traditional methods of monitoring visitors through on-site observation and surveys can be time consuming, expensive, and prone to error, and park managers recognize the value of new technologies in providing reliable and cost-effective visitor monitoring programs that achieve a balance between precision, accuracy, and efficiency. Live webcam video feeds are becoming increasingly available online and provide an opportunity to monitor aspects of recreation that have previously been difficult to measure. Additionally, webcam monitoring, which can be done remotely, provides a cost-effective alternative to on-site data collection because it eliminates the need for travel costs and on-site personnel. The purpose of this study is to provide a methodological investigation of extracting recreation data from webcams to introduce park managers and leisure researchers to this new data collection technique. We provide a typology for the types of questions this method can address, carefully document an approach for conducting research with webcam video feeds, and provide a proof-of-principle through presenting a case study. Taken together, we demonstrate that an online approach using webcam footage for recreation research is feasible and viable. This research has broad applications in recreation contexts, allowing the study of detailed spatio-temporal recreation patterns, visit volumes, user heterogeneity, and large tour tracking. Webcam information can also be combined with relevant data on weather conditions, air quality, gas prices, or other conditions to learn about factors shaping the timing of recreation experiences. This study has implications for park and recreation managers, who make decisions about facilitating or hindering the use of webcams at their sites through their attention to expanding or contracting the supply of webcams on public lands, positioning cameras, and maintaining live feeds. Decisions made by park staff about webcams should not only consider the impacts of webcams on enhancing user experience, but also consider their use as a tool to monitor recreation patterns by park personnel and by leisure and tourism researchers more broadly.Subscribe to JPRA
Strategic malting barley improvement for craft brewers through consumer sensory evaluation of malt and beer.

American craft brewers are targeting barley malt as a novel source of flavor and as a means of differentiation. However, fundamental tools have only recently emerged to aid barley breeders in supporting this effort, such as the hot steep malt sensory method, a wort preparation method recently approved by the American Society of Brewing Chemists for evaluation of extractable malt flavor. The primary objective of this study was to determine if insights into beer liking and sensory attributes can be gained through hot steep malt sensory using an untrained panel of craft beer consumers (n = 95). We evaluated consumer acceptance of hot steep and beer samples of different barley genotypes using a 9-point hedonic scale, check-all-that-apply (CATA), and open comment during separate sensory panels. Beers brewed with Washington State University breeding lines (n = 4), selected for all-malt craft brewing, generally had higher consumer acceptance than the industry-standard control variety (CDC Copeland). Genotype had a significant influence on the consumer acceptance of beer aroma, appearance, taste/flavor, sweetness, and overall liking but only on hot steep appearance. Significant differences between genotypes were found for 18% (fruity and other) and 46% (chemical, citrus, earthy, fruity, stale, and sweet aromatic) of CATA attributes for the hot steep and beer panels, respectively. Hot steep and beer liking and sensory attributes had low correlation coefficients. For example, beer overall liking was negatively correlated with chemical (r = -0.338, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with fruity (r = 0.265, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates that untrained craft beer consumers can better differentiate among genotypes using beers than hot steep samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In general, Washington State University barley breeding lines had higher consumer acceptance than the control variety, CDC Copeland. Each genotype had a distinctive beer flavor profile, such as 12WA_120.14 (fruity and sweet aromatic), which had the highest consumer acceptance ratings, and 10WA_107.43 (citrus), which has been released as the variety "Palmer." The results illustrate that the use of different barley genotypes presents varied sensory properties in the final beer and that particular malt and beer sensory attributes may influence consumer acceptance.
Research on System Simulation and Data Analysis of Power Wireless Private Network

Aiming at the problems existing in the application of power wireless communication, in order to better serve the smart grid and carry out the application research of TD-LTE technology in the field of power communication, the simulation platform of power wireless private network is established. The perform of power wireless private network is simulated from two aspects, are link level simulation and system level simulation, and the influence of wireless parameters on the performance of wireless private network is analyzed. The establishment of the simulation platform provides technical support for the unified construction of power communication network, laying a solid foundation for the application of the power wireless special network, and laying a theoretical foundation for the later network planning.
Role of soil in the regulation of human and plant pathogens: soils' contributions to people.

Soil and soil biodiversity play critical roles in Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) # 10, defined as Nature's ability to regulate direct detrimental effects on humans, and on human-important p...
Translational model of vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass graft in atherosclerotic microswine.

Vein graft failure is a major complication following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. There is no translational model to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying vein-graft failure. We established a clinically relevant bypass graft model to investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of vein-graft failure and identify molecular targets for novel therapies. Six female Yucatan microswine fed with high cholesterol diet underwent off-pump bypass, using superficial epigastric vein graft, which was anastomosed to an internal mammary artery and distal left anterior descending artery. Vein-graft patency was examined 10-months after bypass surgery by echocardiography, coronary angiography, and optical coherence tomography followed by euthanasia. Coronary tissues were collected for histomorphometry studies. Atherosclerotic microswine were highly susceptible to sudden ventricular fibrillation with any cardiac intervention. Two out of six animals died during surgery due to ventricular fibrillation. Selection of the anesthetics and titration of their doses with careful use of inotropic drugs were the key to successful swine cardiac anesthesia. The hypotensive effects of amiodarone and the incidence of arrhythmia were avoided by the administration of magnesium sulfate. The vein-graft control tissue displayed intact endothelium with well-organized medial layer. The grafted vessels revealed complete occlusion and were covered with fibrous tissues. Expression of CD31 in the graft was irregular as the layers were not clearly defined due to fibrosis. This model represents the clinical vein-graft failure and offers a novel platform to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of vein-graft disease and investigate novel therapeutic approaches to prevent its progression.
Capital Is Not Enough: Innovation in Developing Economies

Economic development and social entrepreneurship often conceive of poverty as a resource allocation problem in which a lack of capital prevents the poor from increasing their income through entrepreneurship. This allocative view, however, represents only one possible approach to conceptualizing entrepreneurial opportunity. The alternative discovery- and creativity-based views place a greater emphasis on innovation which implies that superior ideas are also needed if poverty is to be reduced through firm performance. Drawing from a survey of 201 small business owners involved in a microcredit program in Nairobi, Kenya, we find that the financial, social, human capital – performance relationships are mediated in part by innovation. Further, we find that differentiation-related innovations lead to better firm performance than novelty-related innovations.
9 Measurement of bacterial uptake by cultured cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes procedures used routinely in laboratory to dissect uptake of the gut pathogen Yersinia pseudotubevculosis by non-phagocytic cultured cells. These approaches may be easily adapted for studying other pathogens with a similar proclivity for promoting internalization by cultured cells. Based on the prevalent understanding of mechanisms of pathogen-host interaction, one consider it appropriate to use the term ‘uptake’ to specify bacterial entry at a cellular level and “invasion” to indicate deep tissue incursion by the pathogen. Two primary strategies have been employed to examine bacterial uptake by cultured cells: (i) the gentamicin protection assay, and (ii) the differential immunostaining assay. The gentamicin protection assay relies on quantification of viable bacteria protected from externally added antibiotic by virtue of being internalized by the host mammalian cell. The differential immunostaining assay involves antibody labeling of the internalized and external (adherent) bacteria followed by fluorescence microscopic observation. While the gentamicin protection assay remains a reliable workhorse for estimating bacterial ingestion by host cells, it is able to provide only a gross and terminal picture of the uptake process.
Python for CS1, CS2 and beyond

This paper discusses Python and its suitability to CS1, CS2 and other advanced computer science courses. As compared to other computing languages, Python has a simpler and more elegant syntax. It is available at no cost for several platforms and is suitable for both small-scale and large-scale programming. Python also provides support for Graphical User Interfaces and object-oriented programming.
High Capacity Li [ Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13 ] O2 – VO2 ( B ) Composite Cathodes with Controlled Irreversible Capacity Loss for Lithium-Ion Batteries

To reduce the huge first-cycle irreversible capacity loss of the high capacity layered oxide cathode Li[Li 0.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 ]O 2 , the lithium-free insertion host VO 2 (B) has been mechanically mixed with the layered oxide and characterized. The first-cycle irreversible capacity loss decreases from 88 mAh/g with increasing VO 2 (B) content and vanishes completely at ∼23 wt % V0 2 (B), as the lithium-free VO 2 (B) inserts the lithium ions that could not be inserted back into the layered oxide lattice after the first charge. The composite cathode with 20 wt % VO 2 (B) shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of coulombic efficiency, cyclability, and rate capability.
PET Imaging of 86Y-Labeled Anti-Lewis Y Monoclonal Antibodies in a Nude Mouse Model: Comparison Between 86Y and 111In Radiolabels

Absorbed doses in 90Y radioimmunotherapy are usually estimated by extrapolating from 111In imaging data. PET using 86Y (β+ 33%; half-life, 14.7 h) as a surrogate radiolabel could be a more accurate alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate an 86Y-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a PET imaging agent and to compare the biodistribution of 86Y- and 111In-labeled mAb. Methods: The humanized anti-Lewis Y mAb hu3S193 was labeled with 111In or 86Y through CHX-A′′-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelation. In vitro cell binding and cellular retention of radiolabeled hu3S193 were evaluated using HCT-15 colon carcinoma cells, a cell line expressing Lewis Y. Nude mice bearing HCT-15 xenografts were injected with 86Y-hu3S193 or 111In-hu3S193. The biodistribution was studied by measurements of dissected tissues as well as by PET and planar imaging. Results: The overall radiochemical yield in hu3S193 labeling and purification was 42% ± 2% (n = 2) and 76% ± 3% (n = 6) for 86Y and 111In, respectively. Both radioimmunoconjugates specifically bound to HCT-15 cells. When cellular retention of hu3S193 was studied using 111In-hu3S193, 80% of initially cell-bound 111In activity was released into the medium as high-molecular-weight compounds within 8 h. When coadministered, in vivo tumor uptake of 86Y-hu3S193 and 111In-hu3S193 reached maximum values of 30 ± 6 and 29 ± 6 percentage injected dose per gram and tumor sites were easily identifiable by PET and planar imaging, respectively. Conclusion: At 2 d after injection of 111In-hu3S193 and 86Y-hu3S193 radioimmunoconjugates, the uptake of 111In and 86Y activity was generally similar in most tissues. After 4 d, however, the concentration of 86Y activity was significantly higher in several tissues, including tumor and bone tissue. Accordingly, the quantitative information offered by PET, combined with the presumably identical biodistribution of 86Y and 90Y radiolabels, should enable more accurate absorbed dose estimates in 90Y radioimmunotherapy.
Factors affecting the sensitivity of the lingual trigeminal nerve to acids

Oral sensitivity to acids mediates a range of irritation, from desirable sensations of pungency in various foods and beverages to the pain associated with harmful levels of acidity and inflammation. To characterize the role of the epithelial and vascular processes in neural sensitivity to acid applied to the lingual mucosa, we measured lingual trigeminal nerve responses in rats to acidic stimuli of varying physicochemical properties. Stimulatory efficacy was strongly correlated with lipophilicity (octanol-H2O partition coefficient) for the series of straight-chain fatty acids from one to six carbons. Neither acid dissociation constant nor the pH of stimulus solutions correlated with stimulatory efficacy for the fatty acids and six other organic acids. The hypothesis that weakly acidic stimuli gain access to trigeminal nerve endings primarily through the lipid phase of the epithelium was supported by these findings. Further support for this hypothesis is the result that LaCl3, an inhibitor of epithelial tight junctions, had no effect on the neural response to n-pentanoic acid. The potential relevance of buffering-clearance in modulating responses to acid was indicated by the finding that the application of 1 mM capsaicin to the tongue reversibly inhibited the neural response to acid, as well as causing plasma extravasation in lingual epithelium.
Critical slowing down of low-frequency dielectric relaxation in incommensurate

The complex dielectric constant of tetramethylammonium tetrachlorozincate (TMA-${\mathrm{ZnCl}}_{4}$) in the incommensurate phase has been measured in the frequency range from 5 kHz to 13 MHz. Two relaxation processes were observed, one fast and one slow, which is common in ${\mathit{A}}_{2}$${\mathit{BX}}_{4}$ crystals. In contrast to earlier investigations of TMA-${\mathrm{ZnCl}}_{4}$, however, we find that both the slow relaxation process, which dominates \ensuremath{\epsilon}(0) near the lock-in transition, and the fast process exhibit critical slowing down. This may indicate the coexistence of incommensurate and commensurate domains, or be related to a recent suggestion of Holakovsky, Dvorak, Fousek, and Kroupa concerning the pinning of solitons.
Ischemic Preconditioning Induces Selective Translocation of Protein Kinase C Isoforms ε and η in the Heart of Conscious Rabbits Without Subcellular Redistribution of Total Protein Kinase C Activity

Abstract Considerable controversy surrounds the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in ischemic preconditioning (PC). Previous studies have used pharmacological agents and/or measured total myocardial P...
Evidence that a hemoglobin adduct used for dosimetry of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone is a carboxylic ester.

Hemoglobin adducts of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) release 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) upon mild base or acid hydr...
Shear modulus in closely packed gel suspensions

Rheological properties and swelling were examined in a series of concentrations of particles of crosslinked polyacrylate gels in water or salt solutions. The modulus during steady shear Gs = 2τ2/P11-P22 was determined from shear stress τ and primary normal force difference P11-P22 in a cone-and-plate rheometer. Gs was nearly constant with shear rate for the gel particles in the closely packed condition. The dynamic storage modulus G′ determined by ecentric rotating disc rheometry increased with increasing frequency for all concentrations. The apparent equilibrium shear modulus Ge determined by stress relaxation agreed closely at all concentrations and ionic strengths with the corresponding values of Gs, and hence Gs is considered a good estimate of equilibrium shear modulus for this gel material.
Quantification of thermal and contact resistances of scanning thermal probes

Scanning thermal probes are widely used for imaging temperature fields with nanoscale resolution, for studying near-field radiative heat transport and for locally heating samples. In all these applications, it is critical to know the thermal resistance to heat flow within the probe and the thermal contact resistance between the probe and the sample. Here, we present an approach for quantifying the aforementioned thermal resistances using picowatt resolution heat flow calorimeters. The measured contact resistance is found to be in good agreement with classical predictions for thermal contact resistance. The techniques developed here are critical for quantitatively probing heat flows at the nanoscale.
Sediment supply: The main driver of shelf-margin growth

Abstract Despite the obvious importance of sediment supply to shelf-margin architecture and to the potential of margins to contain and bypass deep-water sands, the role of supply in shelf-margin growth has received limited attention. High cross-shelf sediment flux is critically important for the occurrence of deep-water sands, not least on Greenhouse or rapidly subsiding margins where the impact of eustatic sea-level fall may be insufficient to drive sediment delivery out across the shelf into deep-water areas. To draw greater attention to the supply parameter we review a number of shelf margins that have grown chiefly through supply by shelf-edge deltas and associated sediment-gravity flows. Based on structural style and water depth, we recognize two broad types of shelf-margin. Moderately deep-water margins produce clinoforms 1000 m high and generally show rates of shelf-edge progradation 1 My) rates of shelf-edge progradation of several tens of km/My tend to be linked to the delivery of relatively large volumes of sand into the deep-water basin. Delivery of this sand beyond the shelf-edge happens despite Greenhouse conditions and is likely recurrent and periodic (delivery cycles in the order of 100′s ky). Such prominent margin growth is a strong indication that sediment influx was relatively high and we refer to these margins as “supply-dominated” shelf margins. The Gulf of Mexico margin is a well-known and data-rich example of a “supply-dominated” shelf-margin during certain times (e.g., Paleocene). In contrast, on both margin types, low rates of shelf-edge progradation are linked to diminished (or even non-existent) and less frequently recurrent deep-water sediment delivery suggestive of relatively low sediment influx. Occurrence of deep-water sand delivery under low sediment influx probably requires fall of relative sea level. The differences between rapidly and slowly prograding margins indicate that sediment supply (and not sea level) is likely to be the key limiting factor on the growth of shelf margins and that sediment supply, as interpreted through progradation rate, can therefore be used to make a first-order prediction of relative amounts of sand passed to deep-water areas.
Measurements of giant cross sections in low temperature 4 He- 4 He scattering

We have studied binary collisions of ground state4He atoms at temperatures from 340 mK to 430 mK using an atomic beam apparatus built in a dilution refrigerator. Very large s-wave scattering cross sections between 120A2–250 A2 have been observed. These are due to the proximity of a dimer state near the continuum of the interaction potential. Results show that the latest potential of Aziz et al. needs modification.
Paediatrics: Paediatric CRRT and ECMO: fluid overload is not the only issue

Current dogma suggests that fluid overload—when associated with acute kidney injury (AKI)—is an independent risk factor for death. Although the volume status of the patient is important, there are other predictors of morbidity, mortality and the need for renal replacement therapy in patients with AKI.