cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of human mate choice.

This article provides a review of evolutionary theory and empirical research on mate choices in nonhuman species and uses it as a frame for understanding the how and why of human mate choices. The basic principle is that the preferred mate choices and attendant social cognitions and behaviors of both women and men, and those of other species, have evolved to focus on and exploit the reproductive potential and reproductive investment of members of the opposite sex. Reproductive potential is defined as the genetic, material, and/or social resources an individual can invest in offspring, and reproductive investment is the actual use of these resources to enhance the physical and social well‐being of offspring. Similarities and differences in the mate preferences and choices of women and men are reviewed and can be understood in terms of similarities and differences in the form of reproductive potential that women and men have to offer and their tendency to use this potential for the well‐being of children.
On using the NMR chemical shift to assess polar nonpolar cross-intermolecular interactions

Abstract The possibility of using the NMR chemical shift to evaluate and develop intermolecular potentials for cross-interactions between polar and nonpolar molecules has been examined using the method of molecular dynamics. Such interaction potential models are known to be notoriously difficult to develop. Our work has shown that chemical shift can be obtained quite efficiently in simulations and converges much faster than other properties traditionally used for such evaluations (for example, the infinite dilution activity coefficients, Henry’s constants or the solubility of solutes in solvents). We have also found chemical shift to be quite sensitive to the intermolecular potentials which makes it a rather promising property to investigate polar–nonpolar interactions in fluids.
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: diagnosis, treatment options, and management.

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis which typically presents in the 6 th decade of life. Of the 3,000 cases seen annually in the United States, less than one half of these tumors are resectable. A variety of risk factors have been associated with HC, most notably primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), biliary stone disease and parasitic liver disease. Patients typically present with abdominal pain, pruritis, weight loss, and jaundice. Computed topography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) are used to characterize biliary lesions. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) assess local ductal extent of the tumor while allowing for therapeutic biliary drainage. MRCP has demonstrated similar efficacies to PTC and ERCP in identifying anatomic extension of tumors with less complications. Treatment consists of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Biliary drainage of the future liver remnant should be performed to decrease bilirubin levels thereby facilitating future liver hypertrophy. Standard therapy consists of surgical margin-negative (R0) resection with extrahepatic bile duct resection, hepatectomy and en bloc lymphadenectomy. Local resection should not be undertaken. Lymph node invasion, tumor grade and negative margins are important prognostic indicators. In instances where curative resection is not possible, liver transplantation has demonstrated acceptable outcomes in highly selected patients. Despite the limited data, chemotherapy is indicated for patients with unresectable tumors and adequate functional status. Five-year survival after surgical resection of HC ranges from 10% to 40% however, recurrence can be as high as 50-70% even after R0 resection. Due to the complexity of this disease, a multi-disciplinary approach with multimodal treatment is recommended for this complex disease.
Hierarchical Linear/Constant Time SLAM Using Particle Filters for Dense Maps

We present an improvement to the DP-SLAM algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) that maintains multiple hypotheses about densely populated maps (one full map per particle in a particle filter) in time that is linear in all significant algorithm parameters and takes constant (amortized) time per iteration. This means that the asymptotic complexity of the algorithm is no greater than that of a pure localization algorithm using a single map and the same number of particles. We also present a hierarchical extension of DP-SLAM that uses a two level particle filter which models drift in the particle filtering process itself. The hierarchical approach enables recovery from the inevitable drift that results from using a finite number of particles in a particle filter and permits the use of DP-SLAM in more challenging domains, while maintaining linear time asymptotic complexity.
Using Postmarketing Surveillance Information: A Reply

As I understand postmarketing surveillance discussions, there are logically contradictory views about physicians. Doctors are seen as, on the one hand, not competent to assess the efficacy of therapy themselves, and yet, on the other hand, very much aware of the adverse effects and their causation. In reality, physicians are neither fools nor geniuses. They are, however, intelligent, hardworking and desirous of doing the best for each patient. These characteristics determine their function and value in postmarketing surveillance systems. Holding either of the above extreme views to be true will result in problems and failures in the broader use of postmarketing surveillance information.
ADHD symptoms and academic adjustment to college: the role of parenting style.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine relationships among parenting style, symptoms of ADHD, and academic adjustment in college students. Specifically, we investigated whether par...
Nonliberal Jewish Women's Audiocassette Lectures in Brooklyn: A Crisis of Faith and the Morality of Media

ABSTRACT In this article, I examine a crisis of faith among nonliberal Jews in Brooklyn that was blamed on the Internet. The ensuing moral panic led many in the community to attend to affect as an indexical sign of gendered faith. Here I analyze inspirational lectures for and by middle-aged nonliberal Jewish women designed to strengthen faith. Lectures syncretically drew on Hebrew texts and the language of the therapeutic framework, engaging with secular liberal knowledge, genres, and media. At the intersection of language use, media, and embodied practices, lectures were part of a broader effort among nonliberal Jews to tell an alternative narrative of progress—one that redefined temporality and truth to deny the authority of secular and non-Jewish modernity. Live lectures and their circulation via audiocassettes shed light on moral interpretations of changing media, dynamics between discourse and materiality, and gendered faith over time and space.
Six years of submerged plant community dynamics in a freshwater tidal wetland

Summary 1. The dynamics of a submerged plant community were studied for 6 years in a freshwater tidal wetland. The degree and nature of change at several spatial scales (quadrat, transect and overall community) was determined, and the implications for community stability were assessed. 2. A high degree of change was recorded in 1 m2 quadrats, and this was reflected in 10 m2 transects as well. In quadrats, mean species richness changed every year. Species richness changed in >60% of quadrats each year. Stem number changed by as many as several 100 stems per quadrat from one year to the next. 3. Richness varied more among quadrats than among transects and varied less at the community level than among either quadrats or transects. Greater stability at the spatial scale of the whole community was reflected in high scores on the Jaccard and Morasita–Horn indices and Kendall's coefficient of concordance. 4. Although most of the submerged species were perennials, persistence at the local scale was low, and 4-year persistence exceeded 50% for only one species. Change in abundance was largely independent among the species. 5. In the face of great small-scale changes, species remain in the community (and the community persists) because of high recruitment rates.
The Influence of Parenting Styles, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Efficacy on Academic Performance in College Students

Parenting styles have consistently been shown to relate to various outcomes such as youth psychopathology, behavior problems, and academic performance. Building on the research in the parenting style literature, along with examining components of self-determination theory, the present study examined the relations among authoritative parenting style, academic performance, self-efficacy, and achievement motivation using a sample of college students ( N = 264) . Results indicated that authoritative parenting continues to influence the academic performance of college students, and both intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy predicted academic performance. Additionally, the study tested the interaction between self-efficacy and authoritative parenting, but the interaction was not significant. Implications for future research and applications are discussed.
Cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy

The objective of this study is to determine if distinct cognitive phenotypes could be identified in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy patients (n = 96) and healthy controls (n = 82) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Adjusted (age, gender, and education) test scores for epilepsy subjects were grouped into cognitive domains (intelligence, language, visuoperception, immediate and delayed memory, executive function, and cognitive/psychomotor speed). Cluster analysis revealed three distinct cognitive profiles types: (1) minimally impaired (47% of subjects); (2) memory impaired (24%); and (3) memory, executive, and speed impaired (29%). The three cluster groups exhibited different patterns of results on demographic, clinical epilepsy, brain volumetrics, and cognitive course over a 4-year interval. The specific profile characteristics of the identified cognitive phenotypes are presented and their implications for the investigation of the neurobehavioral complications of epilepsy are discussed.
Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic effects of pirmenol in ventricular tachycardia.

Abstract Twenty patients with ventricular tachycardia refractory to drug treatment underwent electrophysiologic study with pirmenol. Patients ranged in age from 39 to 84 years (mean 61); the presenting arrhythmia was sustained ventricular tachycardia in 15, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 3 and ventricular fibrillation in 2. After discontinuation of all antiarrhythmic drugs (for at least 5 half-lives) and assessment of electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic parameters in the drug-free state, patients underwent comprehensive intracardiac electrophysiologic evaluation with intravenous pirmenol (mean dose 195 ± 46 mg). Programmed ventricular stimulation began at least 30 minutes after pirmenol infusion was started in each patient. There was significant shortening of sinus cycle length in all patients, from 746 ± 155 to 683 ± 107 ms (mean ± standard deviation). In 7 patients in whom ventricular tachycardia could not be induced after intravenous pirmenol, an oral pirmenol regimen was begun. The dosage was 200 or 250 mg (both 3 times/day) in 2 and 5 patients, respectively. Seven hours after the third dose of oral drug was given, these patients underwent repeat electrophysiologic testing. Intravenous and oral pirmenol significantly prolonged the PR, QT, QT c and JT intervals compared with baseline. Intravenous pirmenol also significantly prolonged the QRS interval compared with baseline. Oral pirmenol significantly prolonged the sinus node recovery time compared with intravenous pirmenol. Intravenous pirmenol significantly increased the HV interval compared with control; oral pirmenol did not demonstrate a significant prolongation of the HV interval, but this is due to the smaller number of patients studied while taking oral drug. Both intravenous and oral pirmenol prolonged the effective refractory period of atrium (from 230 ± 28 [control] to 271 ± 42 and 300 ± 34 ms, respectively) and ventricle (from 237 ± 25 [control] to 248 ± 31 and 277 ± 32 ms, respectively). No abnormalities in renal, hepatic or hematologic parameters were noted during follow-up of patients continued on oral pirmenol (for 39 ± 35 weeks).
Control of grid-connected fuel cell power plant for transient stability enhancement

This paper describes a dynamic model of a SOFC fuel cell, which can be used in transient stability studies. The model is applied to a distributed utility grid that uses a fuel cell and a gas turbine as distributed generators (DGs). Transient stability of the system is investigated for different DGs power outputs using a software developed based on the commercial Power System ToolBox and SIMULINK in MATLAB. A method for interfacing the fuel cell to the grid is presented. Transient stability is enhanced through a control design of the firing angle of the fuel cell inverter.
Comparison of the cariogenicity of cola, honey, cow milk, human milk, and sucrose.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the cariogenicity of various fluids that are frequently fed to infants and toddlers. We chose to examine sucrose, cola drink, honey, human milk, cow milk, and water because some of these have been associated with development of early childhood caries, although direct experimental evidence is lacking. Methods We used our desalivated rat model because the approach mimics the situation found in infants, whereby the flow of saliva is interrupted through mechanical effects of a nipple. The animals received basic nutrition by gavage, and the fluids being tested were available ad libitum. Thus, the only substances that came in contact with teeth were the test fluids. The investigation continued for 14 days. Results Cola, sucrose, and honey were by far the most cariogenic. In addition, cola and honey induced considerable erosion. Human milk was significantly more cariogenic than cow milk probably because of its lower mineral content and higher level of lactose. Conclusions Our data show that the use of honey, cola, and sucrose water in nursing bottles should be discouraged. Although human milk is more cariogenic than cow milk, it is no more cariogenic than are common infant formulas. Protracted exposure to human milk or formula through allowing an infant to sleep on the nipple should be discouraged, and the need for oral hygiene after tooth eruption should be emphasized.
Analysis of a class of distributed directory algorithms

Three directory schemes are investigated: the local cache (LC) scheme in which there is a cache at the network nodes to store the results of a previous query for a remote resource so that a subsequent query for that resource can be resolved locally, and two enhancements of this scheme, namely the regional cache server (RCS) scheme and the cooperating cache servers (CCS) scheme, in which the queries not resolved locally are funneled through designated nodes or servers to reduce multiple network searchers for a given resource. The performance of these schemes in terms of the network search rate is dependent on the cache sizes at the nodes and servers, the probability distribution for queuing resources, and the cache replacement policy used to displace resources from the cache to accommodate newly discovered ones. Two policies are investigated: A/sub 0/, which is the optimal policy for the LC scheme, and the least recently used policy, which is of practical importance. >
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation for Carding

The purpose of this work is to increase the understanding of carding system dynamics based on mathematical tools that will ultimately lead to the development of on-line real-time controllers for ca...
CAUSES OF LANDSCAPE-SCALE RARITY IN COBBLE BEACH PLANT COMMUNITIES

In most communities, a considerable number of the constituent species will only occupy a small percentage of sites or habitat patches. However, the factors that limit the distribution and abundance of rare species are seldom examined and are poorly un- derstood. I tested several explanations of landscape-scale rarity in the New England cobble beach plant community, an assemblage of halophytic forbs associated with fringing beds of the marine intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora. Spartina reduces flow velocity and stabilizes the cobble substrate, thereby reducing the burial of seeds and seedlings of other species. Frequencies of the presence of forb species behind 387 sampled Spartina beds distributed along 120 km of shoreline in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA, ranged from 0.005 to 0.382. Both the whole forb assemblage and individual species were strongly nested with respect to patch size and species richness. Species that were rare on a landscape scale were generally only found behind the longest beds, and bed length was positively related to species diversity. Experimental seed additions to 40 beds ranging in length from 8 to 688 m indicated that intermediate-sized beds often occupied by common species are not habitable by three rare forbs. When present behind the longest beds, these rare species are always associated with a microhabitat characterized by a relatively fine-grained and highly stable substrate. A series of substrate manipulations combined with experimental seed additions indicated that the rare annuals Spergularia marina, Salicornia biglovii, and Atriplex arenaria are restricted to the longest Spartina beds because smaller beds lack suitable substrate. These experiments also suggest that seed supply, competitors, and her- bivores are not the proximate causes of the absence of these species from smaller beds, although dispersal limitation may prevent the colonization of many larger habitable patches. The microhabitat required by the rare forbs appears to be generated by the deposition of fine-grained particles behind the center of the longest Spartina beds. Consequently, bed length is causally related to the distribution of populations at a landscape scale and to species richness and composition at the scale of a whole habitat patch.
Paternal participation in toddlers' pretend play

32 toddlers were videotaped in a laboratory setting while playing alone and with their fathers to understand how fathers contribute to children's early pretend play, to explore the extent to which their social play involves pretend, to describe father-child pretend play, and to examine fathers' beliefs about children's play. Children exhibited more exploratory play alone and engaged in more symbolic level play with their fathers. Sex differences were found in fathers' play behaviors and in the thematic content of play episodes. Fathers used explicit guidance with sons and implicit guidance with daughters. Father–son pairs engaged in vehicle/tool play and father–daughter pairs played domestic themes. The results suggest that the early differential socialization of boys and girls is apparent in father–toddler pretend play.
Improving Humanitarian Relief Information and Communication Systems through Research

This paper introduces and discusses issues related to research, development and application of information and communication systems (ICS) to the effectiveness of humanitarian relief efforts. The conference panel not only addresses these issues, but also presents results from an NSF-sponsored, multidisciplinary workshop held in Nairobi, Kenya in June 2006 on this topic.
US Media Discourse on South Africa: The Development of a Situation Model:

This article provides a developmental analysis of discursive treatment of South Africa in two key US news media, Time and Newsweek. In so doing, it investigates the role of media in relation to pol...
Encouraging Disadvantaged Students in Chemistry: Four-Part Harmony (or Disharmony)

No single factor insures student success in an undergraduate chemistry course. Rather, success involves a complex interplay of the faculty, the students, the curriculum, and the campus climate. When all four “harmonize” to encourage learning, the resulting “melody” brings joy to all who hear it. However, when one player strikes a discord, students suffer and the disharmony is heard through the wider community. This paper, drawn from an awards address at the 2015 ACS National Meeting in Denver, weaves together stories of harmony and disharmony, ones that can help us to better work together to minimize the discords for all involved.
Trade and Investment Barriers in Solar and Wind Global Production Networks

This paper will examine the adverse effects of trade and investment barriers on solar and wind GVCs. It will explore and recommend further research on alternative measures to encourage trade and investment and help domestic producers in solar and wind.
Parameter Estimation Methods for Discrete Exponential Learning Curves

Abstract A discrete exponential model has been proposed for use as a learning curve. This model describes different learning behavior than the classical or a modified version of the power-form model and it provides some practical advantages. Tests for selection between the models are given. Methods of parameter estimation for the exponential model based on least-squared errors, maximum likelihood and mean likelihood criteria are shown for individual cycle time data. Estimation methods are also given for data on the number of completed cycles during a fixed time interval. Monte Carlo simulation experiments were conducted to test the past description and future forecast quality of this model using these estimation methods. The classical power-form model was also included in these experiments. Estimation precision is described for both models. Other features of the exponential model are shown in contrast to the power-form models.
In-vivo optical contrast agent dynamics in tumors with MRI co-registration

The dynamics of optical contrast agents are measured in an adenocarcinoma rat tumor model using a combined frequency-domain and steady-state optical technique. Compartmental modeling of contrast agent dynamics allows quantification of physiologic parameters such as capillary permeability and blood flow. Optically-derived parameters are compared to those measured by contrast-enhanced MRI.
QCG: Quasi-Complex Gradients for Efficient and Accurate Computation of Any-Order Derivative Tensors

In the process of optimization or sensitivity analysis, one of the most important – and costly – procedures is the computation of numerical derivatives of simulation output with respect to input. This is often accomplished with the Finite Differences method; however, this approach requires multiple function evaluations and is limited in accuracy due to subtractive cancellation error. The Complex Derivatives method finds a first derivative with one function evaluation and is many orders of magnitude more accurate than Finite Differences, but can only compute one derivative per evaluation and cannot be applied to code that utilizes imaginary numbers without invalidating the results. This paper introduces the Quasi-Complex Gradients method, which has the accuracy and ease-of-use of Complex Derivatives with three additional advantages. First, it allows pre-existing imaginary math in user codes without impacting validity of outputs. Second, it computes the entire gradient using a single function evaluation, which avoids large redundancies in both the calculation of the real component and the computational overhead (operating system initialization, memory allocation, etc.) suffered by any program; avoiding the former redundancy alone cuts computation time roughly in half, and avoiding the latter may result in far greater improvements. Third, it can be recursively defined to compute arbitrarily high-order derivatives; moreover, the recursion process can be automated, so as to easily generate highorder code in a format that maximizes speed by (e.g.) dropping symmetrical portions of derivative tensors, pre-computing common terms, and serializing multi-dimensional data structures for better memory allocation and cache performance. Quasi-Complex Gradients can be considered a new form of operator-overloaded forward-mode algorithmic differentiation, which more typically utilizes an automatic application of the chain rule. However, unlike many other such approaches, the new method avoids recording a “tape” of all program operations (which typically must be written to hard disk, drastically slowing execution speed), and moreover is expressly designed to be no more difficult to implement than the Complex Derivatives method. Results show an order of magnitude speed increase is possible for derivate calculations over current methods.
Metabolic Profile of Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid in Lung Transplant Recipients Suggests Potential Early Biomarkers of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Purpose: The definition of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after lung transplantation (LT) has undergone revision as recognition of this entity has increased. Although considered a key criterion for the diagnosis of AMR, C4d deposition has been an inconsistent finding. We compared outcomes of LT recipients who developed C4d-negative AMR to those who developed C4d-positive AMR. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients transplanted between 1/2006 and 7/2015, and identified those who developed AMR defined as acute allograft dysfunction, DSA, and a lung injury pathology. We excluded those who did not have C4d staining at the time of diagnosis (n= 20). We grouped those who developed AMR into a C4d-positive cohort and a C4d-negative cohort and compared outcomes of the 2 groups using Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Results: 37 patients developed AMR during the study period; 15 developed C4d-positive AMR and 22 developed C4d-negative AMR. All patients with AMR were treated with IVIG. Of these, 36 were treated with rituximab, 7 with bortezomib, and 9 with plasma exchange (PLEX) (Table 1). Survival and CLAD-free survival after the diagnosis of AMR were poor in both groups, and there was no significant difference in either survival or CLAD-free survival between the 2 groups (Figure 1). Conclusion: A large proportion of patients with AMR in this cohort did not have C4d deposition. However, there was no significant difference in outcome between those who had C4d-negative and those who had C4d-positive AMR. These findings suggest that C4d deposition may not be a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of AMR.
A Non-Real-Time Simulation of SAGE Tracking and BOMARC Guidance

The addition of facilities to the SAGE system for control of a new defensive weapon, such as the BOMARC missile, requires extensive modifications to the SAGE computer program. To obtain a better understanding of BOMARC control problems, a program has been written for the IBM Type 704 computer to simulate the proposed employment of BOMARC in the SAGE system. Such a simulation is flexible enough to optimize and evaluate a large range of parameters. On three separate passes through the 704 (with tape storage of intermediate results) the program simulates radar, target, and missile performance, as well as SAGE tracking and missile guidance. A fourth program presents the desired output data in the form of frequency distributions and detailed results pertaining to selected target or missile tracks.
Transitions in Care for the Person with Dementia

Older adults with dementia experience more transitions in care settings than those without dementia. These transitions increase the risk for negative functional and health outcomes, as well as heightened caregiver stress and spiraling health care costs. The goal of this chapter is to describe best practices that mitigate these risks through patient-centered interventions and programs for the person with dementia in periods of transition.
Improving Convergence and Simulation Time of Quantum Hydrodynamic Simulation: Application to Extraction of Best 10-nm FinFET Parameter Values

As electronic devices enter the deep nanometer regime, accurate and efficient device simulations become necessary to account for the emerging quantum effects. The traditional drift-diffusion and hydrodynamic (HD) device simulation models are not accurate in this regime. It is important to use the quantum HD (QHD) simulation model. However, this model suffers from poor convergence and high CPU times. To overcome these obstacles, in this paper, we propose a novel method to replace part of the QHD simulation that exhibits poor convergence behavior and high CPU time with HD simulation. In order to implement this, we capture the device states from the classical HD model and then apply the results as the initial guess to the QHD simulation, which is then solved by the Newton-Raphson method. This leads to significant improvements. The nonconvergence rate and the simulation time are reduced by 86.0% and 30.2%, respectively. As an application of the proposed methodology, we extract the best parameter values of both bulk and silicon-on-insulator FinFETs at the 10-nm technology node from their vast device design space.
Do-It-Yourself: 3D Models of Hydrogenic Orbitals through 3D Printing

Introductory chemistry students often have difficulty visualizing the 3-dimensional shapes of the hydrogenic electron orbitals without the aid of physical 3D models. Unfortunately, commercially available models can be quite expensive. 3D printing offers a solution for producing models of hydrogenic orbitals. 3D printing technology is widely available, and the cost of 3D printing “inks” is relatively low. Creation of models requires graphing electron orbital probability distributions in spherical coordinates and exporting as stereolithography (.stl) files (a common format for 3D printing). There is both freeware (CalcPlot3D), and license-requiring (Matlab, Mathematica, Maple) software capable of plotting orbital equations and exporting in the required format. The process of creating the orbitals is relatively simple, and the 3D printing methodology is cost-effective.
DLK-1, SEK-3 and PMK-3 Are Required for the Life Extension Induced by Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Disruption in C. elegans

Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies numerous age-related pathologies. In an effort to uncover how the detrimental effects of mitochondrial dysfunction might be alleviated, we examined how the nematode C. elegans not only adapts to disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but in many instances responds with extended lifespan. Studies have shown various retrograde responses are activated in these animals, including the well-studied ATFS-1-dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Such processes fall under the greater rubric of cellular surveillance mechanisms. Here we identify a novel p38 signaling cascade that is required to extend life when the mitochondrial electron transport chain is disrupted in worms, and which is blocked by disruption of the Mitochondrial-associated Degradation (MAD) pathway. This novel cascade is defined by DLK-1 (MAP3K), SEK-3 (MAP2K), PMK-3 (MAPK) and the reporter gene Ptbb-6::GFP. Inhibition of known mitochondrial retrograde responses does not alter induction of Ptbb-6::GFP, instead induction of this reporter often occurs in counterpoint to activation of SKN-1, which we show is under the control of ATFS-1. In those mitochondrial bioenergetic mutants which activate Ptbb-6::GFP, we find that dlk-1, sek-3 and pmk-3 are all required for their life extension.
Time to Work: Work Involvement and the Timing of Fatherhood

Children are expensive! In the US today, estimates for yearly child-rearing expenses are $12,600-$ 14,700 for a child in a two-parent, married-couple, middle-income family (Lino, 2013). Housing, child-care/education, food, clothes, transportation, and healthcare are major expenditures.
EFFECT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS STRATEGIES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of mergers and acquisitions strategies on financial performance of firms in the financial services sector in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a mixed methodology research design. The study population included all the 51 merged financial service institutions in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and a secondary data collection template was also used. The researcher used quantitative techniques in analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis for the study included the use of means, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was also used. Panel data analysis was also applied. Further, a pre and post merger analysis was used.Results: Cost efficiency was found to have a positive and significant effect on financial performance of merged institutions. Diversification had no significant effect on financial performance of merged institutions. Synergy had a significant relationship with financial performance of merged institutions. Board size had a significant relationship with financial performance of merged institution and there was a significant relationship between the moderating effect of economic growth and financial performance of merged institutions.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that policy makers (government) should be able to create or promote the enabling environment for facilitating mergers and acquisitions that concerns infrastructure provision, as a way of achieving cost reduction that could motivate similar mergers in other institutions in Kenya, stakeholders are to identify where their most immense profit pools lie and focus on improving those units responsible for them, the management of the financial services institutions should embrace diversification and financial innovation on product strategies as this will help in generating more income for the banks.
A Novel Approach to Identifying Barriers and Facilitators in Raising a Child With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Analysis of Caregiver Blogs

Background: With rising incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnoses among children and the high levels of distress experienced by the caregivers of these children, caregiver support is becoming increasingly important. Historically, relatively few support resources have existed. Increasing use of the Internet, and blogs in particular, has seen a growth of peer support between caregivers of children with T1D. However, little is known about the type and quality of information shared on T1D caregiver blogs. At the same time, the information on such blogs offers a new window into what challenges and successes caregivers experience in helping to manage their children’s T1D. Objective: The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze blogs of caregivers to children with T1D to better understand the challenges and successes they face in raising a child with T1D, and (2) assess the blogs for the presence of unsafe or inaccurate clinical information or advice. Methods: An inductive thematic qualitative study was conducted of three blogs authored by caregivers of children living with T1D, which included 140 unique blog posts and 663 associated comments. Two physician investigators evaluated the blogs for presence of clinical or medical misinformation. Results: Five major themes emerged: (1) the impact of the child’s diagnosis, (2) the burden of intense self-management experienced in caring for a child with T1D, (3) caregivers’ use of technology to ease their fear of hypoglycemia and impacts that device alarms associated with this technology have on caregiver burden, (4) caregivers’ perceptions of frequently missed or delayed diagnosis of T1D and the frustration this causes, and (5) the resilience that caregivers develop despite the burdens they experience. Misinformation was exceedingly rare and benign when it did occur. Conclusions: Blog analysis represents a novel approach to understand the T1D caregiver’s experience. This qualitative study found many challenges that caregivers face in raising a child with T1D. Despite the many barriers caregivers face in managing their children’s T1D, they find support through advocacy efforts and peer-to-peer blogging. Blogs provide a unique avenue for support, with only rare and benign findings of medical misinformation, and may be a resource that diabetes care providers can consider offering to families for support.
Leveraging relocations in ELF-binaries for Linux kernel version identification

Abstract Identification of operating system kernel version is essential in a large number of forensic and security applications in both cloud and local environments. Prior state-of-the-art uses complex differential analysis of several aspects of kernel implementation and knowledge of kernel data structures. In this paper, we present a working research prototype codeid-elf for ELF binaries based on its Windows counterpart codeid, which can identify kernels through relocation entries extracted from the binaries. We show that relocation-based signatures are unique and distinct and thus, can be used to accurately determine Linux kernel versions and derandomize the base address of the kernel in memory (when kernel Address Space Layout Randomization is enabled). We evaluate the effectiveness of codeid-elf on a subset of Linux kernels and find that the relocations in kernel code have nearly 100% code coverage and low similarity (uniqueness) across various kernels. Finally, we show that codeid-elf, which leverages relocations in kernel code, can detect all kernel versions in the test set with almost 100% page hit rate and nearly zero false negatives.
Potential Association of Weight-Based Gentamicin with Increased Acute Kidney Injury in Urologic Prosthetic Surgery.

Abstract Background Despite the known nephrotoxicity of gentamicin, in 2008 the American Urological Association recommended a weight-based gentamicin dose of 5 mg/kg for antimicrobial prophylaxis during urologic prosthetic surgery. Aim To identify and characterize rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in urologic prosthetic surgery, both before and after the implementation of weight-based gentamicin dosing. Methods We performed a single-institution retrospective study of patients receiving perioperative gentamicin during implant, revision, salvage, or explant of inflatable penile prostheses, malleable penile prostheses, or artificial urinary sphincters between the years 2000 and 2017. Patients were stratified into 2 groups, based on administration of either weight-based gentamicin (5 mg/kg or 2–3 mg/kg in cases of poor renal function) or standard-dose gentamicin (80 mg). Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes were identified. Patients with available preoperative and postoperative (≤7 days) serum creatinine values were included. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Comparative analyses were performed between groups. Main Outcome Measure Our primary outcome was incidence of AKI, with secondary outcomes including device infection rate and length of stay. Results Of the 415 urologic prosthetic surgeries performed during the study period, 124 met inclusion criteria with paired preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine values. 57 received weight-based gentamicin (median dose 5.06 mg/kg, interquartile range [IQR] 3.96–5.94) and 67 received standard-dose gentamicin (median dose 1.07 mg/kg, IQR 1.04–1.06), P Clinical Implications Our data suggest weight-based perioperative gentamicin prophylaxis may be associated with an increased AKI risk, without noticeably improving infection rates. Strength & Limitations Strengths of our study include the Veterans Affairs population analyzed, as well as rigorous inclusion criteria that allowed for a sensitive assessment of postoperative renal function. Limitations include the retrospective design and small sample size. Conclusion Weight-based gentamicin dosing may warrant closer perioperative monitoring of renal function, and merits larger investigations to further elucidate risks and benefits. Moore RH, Anele UA, Krzastek SC. Potential Association of Weight-Based Gentamicin with Increased Acute Kidney Injury in Urologic Prosthetic Surgery. J Sex Med 2019;16:137–144.
Signal transduction, ageing and disease

Ageing is defined by the loss of functional reserve over time, leading to a decreased tissue homeostasis and increased age-related pathology. The accumulation of damage including DNA damage contributes to driving cell signaling pathways that, in turn, can drive different cell fates, including senescence and apoptosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. In addition, the accumulation of cell autonomous damage with time also drives ageing through non-cell autonomous pathways by modulation of signaling pathways. Interestingly, genetic and pharmacologic analysis of factors able to modulate lifespan and healthspan in model organisms and even humans have identified several key signaling pathways including IGF-1, NF-κB, FOXO3, mTOR, Nrf-2 and sirtuins. This review will discuss the roles of several of these key signaling pathways, in particular NF-κB and Nrf2, in modulating ageing and age-related diseases.
Molecular profiling of ER+ metastatic breast cancers to reveal association of genomic alterations with acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.

1009Background: Genomic profiling of ER+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has revealed highly prevalent genomic alterations (e.g. ESR1, NF1, ERBB2) associated with exposure to antiestrogen therapy an...
“Weekend Effect” on 30-Day Readmissions among Stroke Survivors: An Analysis of the National Readmission Database

Background and Purpose: Previous studies suggested that quality of care may be lower on weekends than during the week. We hypothesized that, among patients hospitalized for an index ischemic stroke, those admitted on weekends would have a higher risk of 30-day readmission than those admitted on weekdays. Methods: We utilized the 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database, which includes data on US inpatient admissions from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Utilization Project. The database includes a nationally representative weighted probability sample of inpatient hospitalizations regardless of insurance status. Patients with primary acute ischemic stroke were identified using previously validated ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. We conducted a weighted analysis using survey design logistic regression models to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between weekend admission and 30-day readmission in ischemic stroke patients. Results: Among 319,317 patients admitted for ischemic stroke, 12.1% were readmitted within 30 days. Those with 30-day readmissions had an average of 8 chronic conditions, and all cardiovascular-related comorbidities increased the risk of 30-day readmissions. Ischemic stroke patients admitted on weekends had odds of 30-day readmission similar to patients admitted on weekdays (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.98–1.06). Weekend admission also did not affect readmission at 7 or 60 days. Conclusions: We found no association between weekend admission and 30-day readmissions, providing indirect evidence of homogeneity in the quality of care delivered during week day and weekend admissions.
A Quasi-Experimental Investigation of a Group Intervention for Adult Survivors of Polyvictimization and Complex Trauma

ABSTRACTThis pilot study investigated the efficacy of a manualized group treatment for adult survivors of polyvictimization and complex trauma (N = 116). Participants were assessed at baseline (wai...
Manipulation by Methylation: Garnishing mRNAs with m6Am.

In two recent publications in Molecular Cell,Boulias et al. (2019) and Sendinc et al. (2019) use complementary approaches to map m6Am modification sites transcriptome-wide and demonstrate that m6Am can repress translation while increasing the stability of a subset of low-abundance transcripts.
Comparison of Assessment Methods for Muscular Power in Physical Education

In the process of educating physically literate individuals, physical educators are tasked with assessing health-related fitness of their students. It is essential to identify or develop appropriate field tests of muscular power for use in physical education settings. This study assessed jumping power in a sample of fourth, sixth, and eighth graders via a novel calculation method and compared different field tests and calculations for assessing muscular power. Participants (n = 99), aged 9 to 14 years, were recruited from fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade physical education classes in one K–8 school. Three jump measurements were taken within the context of a physical education class: vertical jump (VJ) via a Vertec device, countermovement jump (CMJ) based on flight time via MyJump iOS app, and standing long jump. Vertical jump scores assessed via the Vertec device were significantly greater than those for the CMJ. The mean power for participants in this study was 873 W for a CMJ and 1544 W for a VJ. Standing long jump only had a moderate correlation with power calculated from a CMJ (r = .41). Results confirmed that calculations of power that factor in VJ and body weight provide a better indication of power than does jump performance alone. The equation used to calculate jumping power offers a novel approach for physical education that is accurate and feasible.Subscribe to TPE
More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder

Tobacco use is a persistent public health issue. It kills up to half its users and is the cause of nearly 90% of all lung cancers. The main psychoactive component of tobacco is nicotine, primarily responsible for its abuse-related effects. Accordingly, most pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), nicotine’s major site of action in the brain. The goal of the current review is twofold: first, to provide a brief overview of the most commonly used behavioral procedures for evaluating smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and an introduction to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nicotine important for consideration in the development of new pharmacotherapies; and second, to discuss current and potential future pharmacological interventions aimed at decreasing tobacco use. Attention will focus on the potential for allosteric modulators of nAChRs to offer an improvement over currently approved pharmacotherapies. Additionally, given increasing public concern for the potential health consequences of using electronic nicotine delivery systems, which allow users to inhale aerosolized solutions as an alternative to smoking tobacco, an effort will be made throughout this review to address the implications of this relatively new form of nicotine delivery, specifically as it relates to smoking cessation. Significance Statement Despite decades of research that have vastly improved our understanding of nicotine and its effects on the body, only a handful of pharmacotherapies have been successfully developed for use in smoking cessation. Thus, investigation of alternative pharmacological strategies for treating tobacco use disorder remains active; allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors represent one class of compounds currently under development for this purpose.