cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Injury and poisoning death in residents in Ouhai district of Wenzhou,Zhejiang,2010-2012

Objective To understand the death level of injury and poisoning and related health hazard in residents in Ouhai district of Wenzhou,Zhejiang province,and provide evidence for the development of injury and poisoning prevention strategy. Methods The death causes in residents in Ouhai from 2010 to 2012 were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases,10threvision( ICD-10) and software Death Reg-2005 was used to produce statistical tables for analysis. Result The average annual death rate of injury and poisoning was 48. 24 / lakh during this period,the standardized death rate was 39. 81 / lakh. The death rate was 56. 79 / lakh in males and 39. 44 / lakh in females. Accidental fall,traffic accident,suicide and drowning were major causes of injury and poisoning death,the cumulative proportion in all deaths was 83. 62%. The potential years of life lost rate caused by injury and poisoning death was 6. 30 ‰. Conclusion Death caused by injury and poisoning has posed a great threaten to local people's health. It is necessary to effective prevention measures according to the characteristics of injury and poisoning death.
Surveillance and analysis of death causes among residents in Gucheng county (2009-2013)

Objective To analyze the mortality rate,mortality tendency,spectrum of the death causes,and understand the major spectrum of disease and tendency endangering the health of resident,so as to provide evidence for resource distribution and policy making.Methods To collect data on death surveillance of Gucheng county from 2009 to 2013,and classify and encode the cause of death according to the international classification of diseases cause(ICD-10 classification).Statistics and analysis of the death causes were performed,and the indexes,such as coarse death rate,constitution of death causes,and the rank of death causes etc were calculated.Results The average coarse death rate of Gucheng from 2009 to 2013 was 683.77 /lakh,in which the rate of male was 850.32 /lakh and female,512.23 /lakh.The ratio of male:female was 1.71∶ 1.The top five causes of death in the entire population were:circulation system diseases,cancer,respiratory disease,injury and poisoning,digestive system diseases,which accounted for 95.75% of the entire causes of death.The major causes of death in the group of 0-14 year-old and 15-39 year-old were injury and poisoning,which accounted for35.59% and 58.53% respectively.The major causes of death in the group of 40-64 year-old and above 65 year-old were circulation system diseases,which accounted for 38.36% and 42.87% respectively.Cerebro-vascular diseases were the major causes of death in the circulation system diseases,of which the death rate was 196.92 /lakh;cardiovascular diseases were the next,of which the death rate was 118.78 /lakh.The major causes of death in cancer were lung cancer(death rate42.69 /lakh) which accounted for 26.37%;The second was liver cancer(death rate 29.78 /lakh) which accounted for18.40%.Chronic lower respiratory diseases were the major causes of death in respiratory system diseases,the death rate was52.21 /lakh,which accounted for 7.63% of the entire death causes;Among the death of injury and poisoning,the death of traffic accident accounted for 29.33%,followed by the death of suicide,accounted for 18.77%,and the death of drowned accounted for 9.92%.Conclusion The major causes of death of Gucheng County were:circulation system diseases,cancer,respiratory diseases and other chronic non-infectious diseases,together with injury and poisoning.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in follicular fluid from human preovulatory follicles: correlation with serum IGF-I levels *

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were measured in both serum and fluid of preovulatory follicles (n = 156) in 43 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The mean IGF-I level in follicular fluid (FF) was significantly lower than in serum (0.52 +/- 0.02 IU/L versus 0.66 +/- 0.23 IU/L), and FF levels were significantly correlated with individual serum IGF-I levels as well as with follicular size and FF volume but not with oocyte maturity, granulosa cell appearance, or IVF. This suggests that FF IGF-I levels cannot serve as a clinical indicator for the degree of oocyte/granulosa cell differentiation or a predictor for IVF. Serum IGF-I levels were inversely correlated with the number of human menopausal gonadotropin ampules administered during treatment, suggesting that IGF-I might enhance ovarian gonadotropic stimulation.
Computational modeling of human dopamine transporter structures, mechanism and its interaction with HIV-1 transactivator of transcription

This is a brief review of computational modeling studies on the detailed structures and mechanism of human dopamine transporter (hDAT), as well as its interaction with HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat). Extensive molecular modeling, docking and dynamics simulations have resulted in reasonable structural models of hDAT in three typical conformational states, its dopamine uptake mechanism and its interaction with Tat. The obtained hDAT models in different conformational states and their complexes with dopamine and Tat have provided novel structural and mechanistic insights concerning how hDAT uptakes dopamine and how Tat affects the dopamine uptake by hDAT. The computational insights, that are consistent with available experimental data, should be valuable for future rational design of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Chapter 6 Portraiture After Landscape

Voris contends that when Stein resumed writing portraiture during the early 1920s, she did so with a markedly changed method based on the model of knowledge resulting from her landscape writing. Writing “second portraits” of Alice Toklas and of longstanding friends, Carl Van Vechten and Picasso, Stein extends the compositional task of the landscape plays, namely “the problem of time in relation to emotion.” Voris identifies where the new style begins, and in a close reading of “If I Told Him A Completed Portrait Of Picasso,” presents a new interpretation of this well-known portrait that accords with Stein’s radical epistemology. The style of the second portraits is a robust articulation of Stein’s epistemological discovery that in place of representation, knowing may be an expressive dimension distributed and unfolding in composition.
A Boolean Analysis of Addition and Multiplication

The notions of binary string and binary symmetric function are introduced, and basic results presented. Boolean algorithms are given for binary addition and multiplication. An analysis of the redundancies involved is straightforward. The examination of carry propagation which arises in the Boolean analysis of functions may lead to a new interpretation of the notion of computational complexity.
Medial Posterior Capsular Plication Reduces Anterior Shoulder Instability Similar to Remplissage Without Restricting Motion in the Setting of an Engaging Hill-Sachs Defect.

Background:Numerous surgical options for the management of engaging Hill-Sachs lesions exist, of which remplissage has emerged as one of the most popular arthroscopic techniques. Remplissage is not...
Treatment Strategies for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Change Sometimes Comes Bearing Gifts.

Objective: To report treatment strategies’ evolution and its impact on congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) outcome. Design: Registry-based cohort study using the CDH Study Group database, 1995- 2013. Setting: International multicenter database Patients: CDH patients entered into the registry. Late presenters or patients with very incomplete data were excluded. Patients were divided into three Eras (1995-2000; 2001-2006; 2007-2013). Main outcome measures: Treatment strategies and outcomes. One way ANOVA, X2 test and X2 test for trend were used. A Sydak-adjusted p<0.0027 was considered significant. Prevalence or mean (standard error) are reported. Results: Patients: 8603; included: 7716; Era I: 2146; Era II: 2572; Era III: 2998. From Era I to Era III significant changes happened. Some severity indicators such as gestational age, prevalence of prenatal diagnosis and inborn patients significanltly worsened. Also treatment strategies such as the use of prenatal steroids and inhaled nitric oxide, age at operation, prevalence of minimal access surgery and the use of surfactant significantly changed. Finally, length of hospital stay became significantly longer and survival to discharge slightly but significantly improved, from 67.7% to 71.4% (p for trend 0.0019). Conclusions: Treatment strategies for patients registered since 1995 in the CDH Study Group significantly changed. Survival to discharge slightly but significantly improved.
Testosterone and Physical Function

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent data on the relationship of testosterone with physical function. The safety of testosterone treatment in older men who do not have hypogonadism has increasingly been questioned. In recent years, multiple studies have been performed to better understand the relationship between testosterone and physical function. Overall, the relationship between testosterone and physical function is unclear. Endogenous and exogenous testosterones are associated with favorable changes in body composition and, to a lesser extent, muscle strength. However, the relationship between testosterone and physical function is less clear in healthy older men. Exogenous testosterone is associated with favorable changes in body composition and strength, but further data are needed to understand if treatment is associated with functional improvements and ultimately decreased disability and morbidity.
Medical student perceptions of a mistreatment program during the surgery clerkship.

Abstract Background Medical student mistreatment remains a concern, particularly in the surgery clerkship. This is a single academic institution's report of medical student perceptions of a mistreatment program embedded in the surgery clerkship. Methods Students who completed the surgery clerkship and the mistreatment program volunteered to be interviewed individually or in focus groups. The interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. Results Twenty-four medical students were interviewed and nine transcripts were obtained. Codes were identified independently then nested into four codes: Student Growth, Faculty Champion and Team, Student Perspectives on Surgical Culture, and Program Methods. Rank orders were then calculated for each major code. Conclusion Our mistreatment program has shown that providing students with an opportunity to define mistreatment, a safe environment for them to debrief, and staff to support and advocate for them empowers them with the knowledge and skillset to confront what is too often considered part of the hidden curriculum.
International Certification of Accountants in the CIS: A Case Study of Armenia

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) offered its certification exams in Armenia for the first time in December 1998. This article reports on that experience. It discusses the relatively low pass rate and the eight reasons for the low pass rate.
Evaluation of the PROMIS pediatric global health scale (PGH-7) in children with asthma.

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the PROMIS Pediatric Global Health scale, a 7-item measure of perceived physical, mental, and social health, in children with asthma. ...
Differential pulse polarographic determination of total iodine in milk

A differential pulse polarographic method for total iodine in milk is presented. Samples are ashed, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize iodide to iodate, and the product is mixed with sodium sulfite solution and measured by differential pulse polarography at -90 V against SCE. The standard deviation for 53 duplicate samples was 0.011. Average recovery for 10 or more samples at different levels was 98.6% with a standard deviation of 2.9%.
Similarity Transforms and Projections

When a matrix operates on a vector, it normally generates a new vector in the space. However, if the vector chosen is an eigenvector, operation with the matrix will regenerate the original eigenvector and a scalar factor, the eigenvalue: $$ A\left| i \right\rangle = {\lambda _i}\left| i \right\rangle$$ (4.1.1) The spatial direction of an eigenvector is not altered by operations with the matrix A. The operation increases the length of the vector by the factor λ i. The selection of a single eigenvector confines operations to one direction in the N-dimensional space.
Research on Pareto optimal-based delamination and partition-area program of Hebei Southern Power Grid

With the upgrading of voltage level of the power grid,the existing of the electromagnetic loop network may not be propitious for security and stability of power system.The general situation of Hebei Southern Power Grid was analyzed,and the problems were pointed out such as low transmission capacity efficiency of 500 kV Backbone grid,excessive short-circuit current,poor economical efficiency,difficult to schedule,easily to cause system oscillation and so on.In the light of the decoupled program proposed by the "11th Five-Year Plan",the grid is divided into five supply areas,and decoupled the 500 kV/220 kV electromagnetic loop network between the supply areas section and checked the decoupled scheme.Optimization of the program was based on the concept of Pareto,and the important indicators were compared before and after optimization.The final detailed decoupling time and expansion transformer recommendations were given.
From the household to watershed: A cross-scale analysis of residential intention to adopt green stormwater infrastructure

Abstract Improved stormwater management for the protection of water resources requires bottom-up stewardship from landowners, including adoption of Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI). We use a statewide survey of Vermont paired with a cross-scale and spatial analysis to evaluate the influence of interacting spatial, social, and physical factors on residential intention to adopt GSI across a complex social-ecological landscape. Specifically, we focus on how three GSI practices, (“rain garden (bio retention),” “infiltration trenches,” and “actively divert roof runoff to a rain barrel/lawn/garden instead of the street/sewer”) vary with barriers to adoption, and household attributes across stormwater contexts from the household to watershed scale. Private landowners, who may be motivated more by on-site and neighborhood stormwater problems, may gravitate toward practices like infiltration trenches compared with practices (e.g., rain gardens) perceived to serve stormwater function over larger areas. Diversion of roof runoff was found to be more likely to be a part of a larger assembly of green behaviors. Improved stormwater management outcomes at the watershed, town, neighborhood, and household levels depend on adaptive approaches and adjusting strategies along the rural-urban gradient, across the bio-physical landscape, and according to varying norms and institutional arrangements.
Improving Uptake of Hydroxyurea in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Retrospective Study of a Clinic-based Change in Consenting Practices.

Abstract Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) can shorten lives and may result in severe clinical complications. Hydroxyurea (HU) is inexpensive, widely available, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends HU for SCD. Despite these benefits, utilization of HU is low. Barriers to taking HU include inaccurate perceptions of serious side effects such as hair loss, a significant barrier in the African American community. However, at doses for treating SCD, the incidence of side effects is extremely low. Using a retrospective medical record review, the impact of a revised consent procedure for HU that addressed these barriers was evaluated. Methods SCD patients 2-20yo eligible for HU were examined. Patients prescribed HU versus those not prescribed HU were compared one year before and one year after revising consent procedures. Results Change in clinic practice (including revised consent procedures) resulted in 158% more patients agreeing to HU therapy (p Discussion The revised consent procedures are not resource intensive and easy to implement. Future research should address treatment acceptability, intimidation, and cultural sensitivity.
Commentary: Broadening the scope of educational neuroscience, reflections on Thomas, Ansari, and Knowland (2019)

Educational neuroscience is more than the basic science of reading and math, and its translational potential extends far beyond the knowledge, and misconceptions, that have made their way into the classroom so far. Thomas, Ansari, and Knowland synthesize progress in educational neuroscience and set out an ambitious set of goals for its future. Their conceptualization of the field encourages scientists across disciplines to think about how their work can inform a more holistic understanding of how the brain shapes learning, and how learning shapes the brain.
Real-Time Road Crack Mapping Using an Optimized Convolutional Neural Network

Pavement surveying and distress mapping is completed by roadway authorities to quantify the topical and structural damage levels for strategic preventative or rehabilitative action. The failure to time the preventative or rehabilitative action and control distress propagation can lead to severe structural and financial loss of the asset requiring complete reconstruction. Continuous and computer-aided surveying measures not only can eliminate human error when analyzing, identifying, defining, and mapping pavement surface distresses, but also can provide a database of road damage patterns and their locations. The database can be used for timely road repairs to gain the maximum durability of the asphalt and the minimum cost of maintenance. This paper introduces an autonomous surveying scheme to collect, analyze, and map the image-based distress data in real time. A descriptive approach is considered for identifying cracks from collected images using a convolutional neural network (CNN) that classifies several types of cracks. Typically, CNN-based schemes require a relatively large processing power to detect desired objects in images in real time. However, the portability objective of this work requires to utilize low-weight processing units. To that end, the CNN training was optimized by the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) to achieve the maximum accuracy and minimum processing time with minimum neural network layers. First, a database consisting of a diverse population of crack distress types such as longitudinal, transverse, and alligator cracks, photographed at multiple angles, was prepared. Then, the database was used to train a CNN whose hyperparameters were optimized using BOA. Finally, a heuristic algorithm is introduced to process the CNN’s output and produce the crack map. The performance of the classifier and mapping algorithm is examined against still images and videos captured by a drone from cracked pavement. In both instances, the proposed CNN was able to classify the cracks with 97% accuracy. The mapping algorithm is able to map a diverse population of surface cracks patterns in real time at the speed of 11.1 km per hour.
Levels of Maternal Care in the United States: An Assessment of Publicly Available State Guidelines.

Background: Recent increases in maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity highlight the need to improve systems for safe maternity care. We sought to identify whether publicly available state perinatal guidelines incorporate levels of maternal care (LoMC) criteria. Materials and Methods: We searched websites for 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. for LoMC guidelines. The Health Resources and Services Administration's Title V Program directors confirmed/updated search results through January 2018. Data abstracted included: (1) definitions of levels; (2) provider types; (3) facility capabilities and services; and (4) programmatic responsibilities as promoted in the 2015 Society for Maternal/Fetal Medicine and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists consensus document on LoMC. Results: LoMC guidelines were identified for 17 states; 12 defined four levels and five defined three levels of care. In Level I, 14/17 states specified obstetric provider availability for every birth and five specified an available surgeon to perform emergency cesareans. Fourteen states specified the availability of blood bank and laboratory services at all times. In the highest level (III or IV), 16/17 state guidelines specified a maternal/fetal medicine specialist; all but two specified anesthesia providers or services. Ten states referenced availability of an onsite intensive care unit in their highest level. All 17 state guidelines specified maternal transport and referral systems. Conclusions: Only one-third of states have publicly available perinatal guidelines incorporating LoMC criteria. Definitions, criteria, and nomenclature varied. Lack of LoMC guidelines with standardized criteria limits monitoring and evaluation of regionalized systems of maternal care.
The Modern Foreign Commerce Clause: U.S. v. Baston and Extraterritorial Sex Trafficking Statutes

Article I, section 8 of the United States Constitution contains three separate commerce clauses, although from the law school classroom to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Interstate Commerce Clause is the most litigated and the most explored and developed. Of the trio, however, the Foreign Commerce Clause arguably has the greatest potential to expand U.S. sovereign authority outside U.S. territorial borders, especially with the ever-growing forces of modern globalization. Although there are many, international sex trafficking has, with the rise of globalization and moral politics, in many ways become more recognized as a social ill and the international community has begun to take notice. Of course, as with the majority of crime, enforcement begins at the individual state level, and the United States has taken a leading role in the fight against international sex trafficking. With the international nature of the crime even where there is some connection to the United States (as would be necessary to hold anyone accountable through the United States justice system), these laws must necessarily reach beyond the territorial bounds of the United States. In this context, this comment examines the current state of international sex trafficking and efforts by the United States to bolster its jurisdiction to bring international sex traffickers to justice. Specifically, the comment views this issue through the lens of United States v. Baston--where federal prosecutors relied on sex trafficking laws expanding an extraterritorial reach to conduct and acts that occurred wholly outside the United States. Because, as a constitutional matter, the Foreign Commerce Clause has the greatest potential to make or break U.S. assertion of authority outside its own borders, the comment analyzes the current state of foreign commerce clause jurisprudence and, ultimately, within the context of international sex trafficking statutes relied on in United States v. Baston.
A Framework for Parallelizing Hierarchical Clustering Methods

Hierarchical clustering is a fundamental tool in data mining, machine learning and statistics. Popular hierarchical clustering algorithms include top-down divisive approaches such as bisecting k-means, k-median, and k-center and bottom-up agglomerative approaches such as single-linkage, average-linkage, and centroid-linkage. Unfortunately, only a few scalable hierarchical clustering algorithms are known, mostly based on the single-linkage algorithm. So, as datasets increase in size every day, there is a pressing need to scale other popular methods.
Linear electromagnetic accelerator

Over time, the weapons have been based on mechanical energy (bows, catapults) and chemical energy (guns, missiles), however, at the moment, more and more weapons are designed using electromagnetic energy (railgun, coilgun). The focus of this paper is to obtain the desired muzzle velocities of a projectile according to the existent current. In the first part of the paper, the railgun and coilgun design are presented along with their most important advantages. Based on these observations, a new design of an electromagnetic launch system is presented. Next, Maxwell interactive software package was used that applies the finite element method (FEM) to analyze and solve 3D electromagnetic field problems in order to analyze the variation of acceleration force, speed in time. All simulation data shows that this design has a great potential, because of the adaptability to different applications.
Long-term surgical outcome of partially accommodative esotropia

Objective To explore the long-term therapy effect of children partially accommodative esotropia after surgery and the impact factors of acquired binocular vision. Methods A total of 55 children with partially accommodative esotropia were accepted the orthopia surgery. Before the surgery and 1 month or over 1 year after the surgery, position of eye, binocular vision and far and near stereoscopic vision were determined. Routine follow-up examinations after surgery were performed for at least 2 years. Results The average age of onset was 2.25 years. The mean age at time of surgery was 6.15 years. Mean total follow-up was 4.81 years. The average age of last follow-up was 10.96 years. At the last visit, the right of average best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) was 1.01, the left BCVA was 1.05. Fifty-one patients (92.73%) were surgical successes following one procedure, Four (7.27%) developed a persistent consecutive exotropia≧10△ necessitating further surgery. 89.09% (49/55) of all the children acquired the final far stereoscopic vision≦3000 seconds of arc, including 7 patients (12.73%) with ≦60 seconds of arc. 69.09% (38/55) of those acquired the final near stereoscopic vision≦3000 seconds of arc, including 4 patients (7.27%) with ≦60 seconds of arc. Conclusions The binocular vision of children partially accommodative esotropia are improved after esotropia surgery, but the improvement of far stereoscopic vision is better than the near one. The longer follow-time are, the better stereoscopic vision become. So the best opportunity for surgery is in pre-school age. Key words: Partially accommodative esotropia; Binocular function; Surgery
Arthroscopic thermal stabilization for distal radioulnar joint instability: 3 to 19 years follow-up

This retrospective study investigated the clinical outcomes of patients treated for chronic distal radioulnar joint instability with arthroscopic thermal annealing of the superficial radioulnar ligaments, ulnar palmar wrist ligaments, and dorsoulnar wrist capsule using a radiofrequency probe. Sixty patients (62 wrists) were treated over an 18-year period. At mean follow-up of 10 years (range 3 to 19), 30 of 33 patients were satisfied with their surgical outcomes. There were statistically significant improvements in ulnar-sided wrist pain on a visual analogue scale and in distal radioulnar joint stability on the dorsopalmar stress test after surgery compared with preoperative status. The modified Mayo Wrist Score and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score of the patients were favourable. Early failure occurred in 11 of 62 wrists. Nine of these 11 wrists needed a secondary procedure. We conclude that arthroscopic thermal shrinkage is effective for the majority of the patients with mild to moderate chronic distal radioulnar joint instability in long-term follow-up. Secondary open ligament reconstruction is an option in the case of early failure.Level of evidence: IV.
Instead of Eating Fish: The Health Consequences of Eating Seafood from the Chesapeake Bay Compared to Other Choices

Seafood is promoted as an important part of a healthy diet. But is it? The science shows that animal seafood consumption is associated with poorer health-outcomes, including diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Seafood from the Chesapeake Bay is also a source of dietary toxins including heavy metals and organic pollutants, as well as cholesterol. Seafood is praised as an excellent source of protein, yet this nutrient is a false idol of nutrition, as most Americans eat twice the quantity they need in their diets. Consumption of animal protein is associated with several adverse health outcomes including cancer and kidney disease. Seafood is rich in omega-3 fatty acids that are promoted as preventative of coronary artery disease, yet findings from extensive studies don’t support the efficacy of taking fish oil supplements. Seafood satiates eaters while providing no dietary fiber, a nutrient critical for health and most often missing in the Standard American Diet. The health benefits of choosing whole plant based foods that are widely available in the Chesapeake Bay region as an alternative to seafood consumption is discussed.
Seven myths of how transcription factors read the cis-regulatory code

Genomics data are now being generated at large quantities, of exquisite high resolution and from single cells. They offer a unique opportunity to develop powerful machine learning algorithms, including neural networks, to uncover the rules of the cis-regulatory code. However, current modeling assumptions are often not based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the cis-regulatory code from transcription, developmental genetics, imaging and structural studies. Here I aim to fill this gap by giving a brief historical overview of the field, describing common misconceptions and providing knowledge that might help to guide computational approaches. I will describe the principles and mechanisms involved in the combinatorial requirement of transcription factor binding motifs for enhancer activity, including the role of chromatin accessibility, repressors and low-affinity motifs in the cis-regulatory code. Deciphering the cis-regulatory code would unlock an enormous amount of regulatory information in the genome and would allow us to locate cis-regulatory genetic variants involved in development and disease.
Adaptive Enrichment Designs in Clinical Trials

Adaptive enrichment designs for clinical trials may include rules that use interim data to identify treatment-sensitive patient subgroups, select or compare treatments, or change entry criteria. A ...
Not Separate but Not Equal: Improving Equity in Discipline in Racially and Ethnically Diverse School Settings:

Educational inequities leading to deleterious outcomes and related to discipline continue within racially and ethnically diverse schools for a myriad of reasons. Districts and schools require delib...
Patient-Specific Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Hyperchloremia in a Neurocritical Care Intensive Care Unit.

Background Hypertonic sodium chloride (HTS) is used in intensive care unit (ICU) settings to manage cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension, and for the treatment of severe hyponatremia. It has been associated with an increased incidence of hyperchloremia; however, there is limited literature focusing on hyperchloremic risk in neurologically injured patients. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine risk factors associated with development of hyperchloremia in a neurocritical care (NCC) ICU population. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study performed in an adult NCC ICU and included patients receiving HTS. The primary outcome was to evaluate patient characteristics and treatments associated with hyperchloremia. Secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury and mortality. Results Overall, 133 patients were identified; patients who were hyperchloremic were considered cases (n = 100) and patients without hyperchloremia were considered controls (n = 33). Characteristics and treatments were evaluated with univariate analysis and a logistic regression model. In the multivariate model, APACHE II Score, initial serum osmolality, total 3% saline volume, and total 23.4% saline volume were significant predictors for hyperchloremia. In addition, patients with a serum chloride greater than 113.5 mEq/L were found to have a higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) (adjusted OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.10-9.04). Conclusions This study demonstrated APACHE II Score, initial serum osmolality, and total 3% and 23.4% saline volumes were associated with developing hyperchloremia in the NCC ICU. In addition, hyperchloremia is associated with an increased risk of AKI.
Abstract A085: miR-222/221 in aggressive breast cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level through translational inhibition and/or degradation of mRNA target genes. Recent evidence points to a widespread role for miRNAs in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis in a plethora of tissues including the mammary gland. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles have been described in breast cancer specimens compared to normal tissues, discriminating breast tumors with different clinico-biological phenotypes. In our previous publications, we have demonstrated that miR-222/221 cluster is highly expressed in aggressive breast cancer and high levels of miR-222/221 may confer a proliferation advantage to cancer cells and resistance to therapeutic agents by repressing several genes such as ERα;, CDKN1B, BIM, FOXO3, CAV1, PTEN. To demonstrate the in vivo role of miR-222/221 cluster in breast cancer initiation and progression, we have genetically deleted miR-222/221 gene in the MMTV-PyVT mouse model that develops multifocal mammary adenocarcinoma and lung metastatic lesions in 80% of the population. The tumor latency and multiplicity were assessed and none of these parameters were significantly affected by miR-222/221 ablation. Interestingly, lack of miR-222/221 impairs the development of lung metastasis with a reduction of the metastatic load of the lung. Moreover, metastases arising from miR-222/221 deficient cells present a greater cytoarchitectural similarity and a reduced rate of mitosis and apoptosis. We also show that loss of miR-222/221 modulates the transcriptome and miRNA expression profiles of mouse breast tumors and cancer cells, stimulating a stronger estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional network and a suppression of the cancer stem cells population. Citation Format: Gianpiero Di Leva, Claudia Piovan, Douglas Cheung, Daniel Briskin, Arpan Kumar, Gerard Nuovo, Matteo Fassan, Vincenzo Coppola, Michela Garofalo, Carlo Croce. miR-222/221 in aggressive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A085.
Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) enhances bacterial clearance and protects against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa pneumonia in cystic fibrosis.

Pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and neutrophilic lung inflammation significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a ubiquitous DNA binding protein that promotes inflammatory tissue injury, is significantly elevated in CF sputum. However, its mechanistic and potential therapeutic implications in CF were previously unknown. We found that HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALs) of CF patients and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-/- mice. Neutralizing anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) conferred significant protection against P aeruginosa-induced neutrophil recruitment, lung injury and bacterial infection in both CFTR-/- and wild-type mice. Alveolar macrophages isolated from mice treated with anti-HMGBl mAb had improved phagocytic activity, which was suppressed by direct exposure to HMGB1. In addition, BAL from CF patients significantly impaired macrophage phagocytotic function, and this impairment was attenuated by HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies. The HMGB1-mediated suppression of bacterial phagocytosis was attenuated in macrophages lacking toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, suggesting a critical role for TLR4 in signaling HMGB1-mediated macrophage dysfunction. These studies demonstrate that the elevated levels of HMGB1 in CF airways are critical for neutrophil recruitment and persistent presence of P. aeruginosa in the lung. Thus, HMGB1 may provide a therapeutic target for reducing bacterial infection and lung inflammation in CF.
N5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine Transmethylase: ROLE OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE IN VITAMIN B12-DEPENDENT METHIONINE SYNTHESIS

Abstract Methyl iodide and S-adenosyl-l-ethionine were found to satisfy partially the requirement for catalytic amounts of S-adenosyl-l-methionine in transmethylation from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine. Both methyl iodide and S-adenosyl-l-ethionine were about one-third as effective as S-adenosyl-l-methionine when the reducing system consisted of reduced flavin mononucleotide in the presence of dithiothreitol. However, methyl iodide was only 14% as effective as S-adenosyl-l-methionine in a 2-mercaptoethanol-vitamin B12-reducing system; S-adenosyl-l-ethionine exhibited negligible cofactor activity in this reducing system. In the presence of reduced flavin mononucleotide and dithiothreitol, S-methyl-l-methionine and ethyl iodide permitted a slow but significant rate of catalysis, whereas S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine was inactive. 14CH3-Methionine was identified as the radioactive transmethylation product from N5-methyl-14C-H4-folate when unlabeled methyl iodide was substituted for S-adenosyl-l-methionine in the reduced flavin mononucleotide system. From the cofactor activities given by various related compounds in a reduced flavin mononucleotide-dithiothreitol-reducing system, it is tentatively suggested that S-adenosyl-l-methionine activates the vitamin B12 enzyme by methylation. A reactive methyl or ethyl group appeared to be the essential structural feature for S-adenosyl-l-methionine-like cofactor activity.
Dispositions en matière de sécuritééconomique dans le contexte du vieillissement de la population en Inde

Resume Vu le vieillissement rapide de la population indienne, la migration des regions rurales et la concentration continue de la population active dans le secteur informel, il est necessaire de prendre des mesures concretes afin d'assurer la securiteeconomique des personnes âgees. Ces dernieres courent, d'ailleurs, un risque accru d'etre pauvres ou de tomber dans la pauvrete en raison de l'effritement des liens familiaux traditionnels qui sont essentiels pour leur garantir un minimum de securite ainsi que de l'augmentation de la longevite qui entraine une hausse des depenses pour leurs soins. Parallelement aux efforts deployes pour s'attaquer a ce probleme, le gouvernement indien et certains Etats de l'Inde ont lance une serie de programmes visant a fournir a la grande majorite des Indiens des services de soins de sante et d'assurance maladie auxquels ils n'ont pas suffisamment acces. Bien que les travailleurs du secteur structure jouissent d'une plus grande securite sociale que ceux du secteur informel, ils ne representent qu'une faible part de la population active. Les femmes sont, quant a elles, extremement vulnerables a l'insecuriteeconomique. L'experience indienne sert de lecon a d'autres pays. Quoiqu'il y ait de la place pour des initiatives privees dans le domaine de la securite sociale, force est de constater que la plupart d'entre elles devront etre financees par l'impot. Meme si la plus grande partie du financement provient de sources publiques, les prestataires prives jouent un role considerable, mais ils seront confrontes a des defis plus importants a mesure qu'un plus grand nombre de personnes demanderont des prestations. L'Inde a egalement montre que les Etats peuvent souvent mener a bien la mise en œuvre de mesures financees par le gouvernement central, avec bien sur des avantages et des inconvenients propres a une telle decentralisation. Enfin, la pratique indienne peut eclairer des questions comme le ciblage, l'utilisation des technologies de l'information dans les systemes de securite sociale et la gestion des ressources humaines.
Low Resolution Spectrum of the Orion Nebula in the 60–300 μ Range

Airborne observations of the Trapezium region of the Orion Nebula in the 60–300 µ range have been made from 13.7 km altitude using a Michelson interferometer with the Rice University 12-in. Flying Infrared Telescope. Fourier analysis of five interferometer scans provided spectra with resolution ranging from 7 cm−1 to 20 cm−1. These spectra were compared with lunar spectra taken with the same instrument at the same altitude to correct for instrumental and atmospheric effects. A weighted combination of these scans provides a low resolution spectrum. The radiation per unit frequency interval at 190 µ was found to be at least 40% of that measured between 75 and 90 µ. Neglecting possible features in the spectrum, its general shape is consistent with a blackbody near 70 K. The resolution is inadequate to resolve spectral lines.
Slot antenna miniaturization using distributed inductive loading

The effect, on size, bandwidth, and gain of a resonant slot antenna, of inserting an array of series inductors is investigated. The results show that the antenna size can be reduced efficiently without an adverse effect on the impedance matching and antenna gain. However, as expected, the antenna bandwidth is reduced as a result of this miniaturization process. The technique was demonstrated using a standard and a miniaturized slot antenna and good agreement between simulations and measured results was obtained.
Validity of adolescents' report of maternal age.

Examined the validity of adolescents' reports of their mother's age. Most research on the validity of self-report focuses on personal behaviors such as alcohol and substance use, or response bias due to social desirability. Few studies investigate the validity of adolescents reporting of nonsensitive information. Data from 80 mother-adolescent pairs were collected. The sample included 9th graders from four high school English classes, equal numbers of males and females, and 15% African Americans. The correlation between mothers' reports and youths' reports of mother's age was .99, and 95% of the youth were within a year of their mother's correct age. No race or gender differences were found. These results allow researchers to examine adolescent outcomes for youth born to teen mothers without the expense of also collecting data from their mothers. Results also suggest that adolescents' self-reports of other nonsensitive familial data may also be valid.
Duloxetine for the long-term treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in patients aged 65 and older: an open-label study

Background Late-life depression is a common, chronic and recurring disorder for which guidelines recommend long-term therapy. The safety and efficacy of duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) were evaluated using data from elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years; n = 101) who participated in a large, multinational, open-label study.
Status of the National Synchrotron Light Source

The status and performance of the NSLS 700 MeV ring and 2.5 GeV ring is described. Emphasis is placed on properties of the stored beam pertinent to synchrotron radiation production, the factors determining these properties, and efforts to improve performance of the rings.
The aggregate behavior of branch points: branch point density as a characteristic of an atmospheric turbulence simulator

The Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator used in testing in the Atmospheric Simulation and Adaptive-optic Laboratory Test-bed at Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate's Starfire Optical Range is configured based on three characteristics; Fried's parameter, r 0 , the Rytov number, σ 2 χ , and the Greenwood Frequency, f G . All three may be estimated from open loop data as a means of verifying the simulated turbulence conditions for a given test configuration. However, unlike r 0 and f G , the Rytov number isn't directly calculated. Instead the scintillation index is estimated from intensity measurements. At low Rytov values, (< 0.3 - 0.4), this measurement can approximate the Rytov number, however beyond a Rytov of 0.4 this parameter becomes saturated. Branch Points begin to appear after the Rytov value exceeds 0.1. In this work the behavior of the branch point density is examined to determine its viability as another parameter for calibration our turbulence simulator.
Single‐gene deletions that restore mating competence to diploid yeast

Using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa/MATalpha ORF deletion collection, homozygous deletion strains were identified that undergo mating with MATa or MATalpha haploids. Seven homozygous deletions were identified that confer enhanced mating. Three of these, lacking CTF8, CTF18, and DCC1, mate at a low frequency with either MATa or MATalpha haploids. The products of these genes form a complex involved in sister chromatid cohesion. Each of these strains also exhibits increased chromosome loss rates, and mating likely occurs due to loss of one copy of chromosome III, which bears the MAT locus. Three other homozygous diploid deletion strains, ylr193cDelta/ylr193cDelta, yor305wDelta/yor305wDelta, and ypr170cDelta/ypr170cDelta, mate at very low frequencies with haploids of either or both mating types. However, an ist3Delta/ist3Delta strain mates only with MATa haploids. It is shown that IST3, previously linked to splicing, is required for efficient processing of the MATa1 message, particularly the first intron. As a result, the ist3Delta/ist3Delta strain expresses unbalanced ratios of Matalpha to Mata proteins and therefore mates with MATa haploids. Accordingly, mating in this diploid can be repressed by introduction of a MATa1 cDNA. In summary, this study underscores and elaborates upon predicted pathways by which mutations restore mating function to yeast diploids and identifies new mutants warranting further study.
Treatment of Supraventricular Arrhythmias with Intravenous and Oral Verapamil

Verapamil or placebo was administered as a bolus infusion in a double-blind fashion to 24 patients with either atrial fibrillation or flutter and to ten patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Patients whose heart rate did not decrease below 100 beats/min were given a second dose. Of the 24 patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, 11 received placebo first. Control heart rate and blood pressure were not modified by placebo; however, verapamil significantly reduced heart rate and systolic blood pressure in the 24 patients. Of the ten patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, one reverted to sinus rhythm after administration of placebo. For the remaining nine, the heart rate was not modified by placebo but was significantly reduced by verapamil administration. Blood pressure was not modified by verapamil or placebo in these ten patients. Long-term oral verapamil treatment was maintained without interruption in 18 patients for a mean of 16 ± 7.5 months, and 15 patients required concomitant therapy with other antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm control. All patients reported symptomatic improvement, and the number of hospitalizations required for arrhythmia control decreased significantly. Verapamil is safe and effective for acute control of supraventricular arrhythmias. Long-term oral administration, alone or with other antiarrhythmic drugs, is an important contribution to the management of recurrent supraventricular arrhythmias.