cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Special Classes of Multicodimensional (n + 1)-Webs

In Chapter 1 we studied some special classes of multicodimensional (n + 1)-webs: parallelisable, transversally geodesic, isoclinic, (2n + 2)-hedral, hexagonal, etc. They were defined using a pure differential geometry approach. In Chapter 3 we introduced a concept of an l.d. n-quasigroup and established close relations between (n+1)-webs and l.d. n-quasigroups. This relationship allows us to introduce a few new interesting special classes of (n+1)-webs and find new properties of some of the special classes which were studied in Chapter 1.
The Primordial Amygdaloid Complex of the African Lungfish, Protopterus

A few weeks ago a manuscript was accepted from our laboratory (Schnitzlein a. Crosby, in press) on the nuclei and the fiber systems of the telencephalon of the African lungfish, Protopterus. The present paper expands the material previously presented on the primordial amygdaloid complex in this lungfish.
Perspectives: Dimensioning the Housing Crisis

The author argues that more than one borrower in every five could face foreclosure absent stronger policy measures. The solution is to (1) reduce the housing supply through a modification program that explicitly addresses negative equity and (2) increase housing demand by expanding the availability of credit to investors.
A26 Cognitive and behavioural changes in prodromal and diagnosed hd

Background Though the movement disorder characteristic of HD has been a hallmark sign, the importance of cognitive and behavioural aspects of Huntington’s disease has become more prominent over the past decade. Aims (1) To provide an overview of cognitive and behavioural changes in HD; (2) To review brain circuitry believed to contribute to HD changes; (3) To emphasise the importance of cognitive and behavioural changes in diagnosis and clinical trials. Methods Twelve years of study of the prodrome and eventual diagnosis of HD in 32 sites around the world has revealed a great deal about the onset and progression of HD. Data from Predict-HD will be used to inform the audience on the progression of HD in over 1100 persons with the CAG expansion. Results Distinct changes are evident in cognition and behaviour over 15 years before a motor diagnosis is given in the clinic. Subsets of at risk individuals can be determined with cognitive, motor, genetic and demographic information. Measures of cognition and behaviour are associated with brain imaging, genetic and levels of work, domestic and emotional capacities. Conclusions Diagnostic criteria for HD requires revision to include cognitive impairment. Treatment guidelines might benefit from compensatory methods to address cognitive and behavioural changes. Clinical trial outcomes may better reflect the full spectrum of HD processes with consideration of a more comprehensive assessment of HD-related changes.
Radar and Electronic Warfare Principles for the Non-Specialist

Many readers will recognize the previous editions of this book covering the essentials of radar, but this new edition now includes the fundamentals of electronic warfare (EW) as well. This book distills the very complex, rich technologies of radar and EW into its fundamentals, tying them to the laws of nature on one end and to the most modern and complex systems on the other. This should be the first book selected to provide a solid foundation in both radar and electronic warfare. Readers with a technical or business degree should be well prepared to understand the vast majority of concepts in this book as they are mathematically represented using algebra. Some concepts use trigonometry and a very select few use calculus. It is written specifically for those with little or no knowledge of radar and EW technologies.
Primary Infected Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm and the Use of Omental Flap

A 55-year-old man with autoimmune deficiency syndrome presented with an infected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and sepsis. The aneurysmectomy consisted of a Dor-style pericardial patch plus debridement of the abscess cavities. The infected pseudoaneurysm recurred, much larger, within five months due to persistent infected abscess cavities. The second repair was done without a Dor-style patch and with an omental flap. No recurrence has occurred one year after the second repair, but the patient has asymptomatic, partial gastric herniation inside the pericardium. This is the first description of a primary infected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. The omental flap contributed to the successful treatment.
Measurement of Ann, Ano, and Aon for the reaction pp-->d pi

Angular distributions of the spin observables A/sub n//sub n/, A/sub n//sub o/, and A/sub o//sub n/ for the reaction pp..-->..d..pi../sup +/ have been measured for pion c.m. angles 30/sup 0/
Methionine supplementation augments tissue n-3 fatty acid and tocopherol content in broiler birds fed flaxseed

Abstract Methionine (Met) is the first limiting amino acid in meat-type broiler chicken diets and serves as a lipotropic agent with antioxidant properties. The objectives of the current study is based on the hypothesis that Met supplementation will enhance n-3 fatty acid (FA) status, antioxidant content, lipid stability, and production indices in broilers fed flax. The effect of Met supplementation (50 and 100% above Cobb 500 requirement level) on tissue FA composition, tocopherol (Toc) content, lipid oxidation products, and growth performance of broilers fed flax is investigated. One hundred and twenty (n = 120) day-old Cobb chicks were fed corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0% flax, (Control), 15% flax (Diet 1), Diet 1 + 50% more Met (Diet 2), and Diet 1 + 100% more Met (Diet 3) for 42 days. Total lipids in liver and adipose tissue was lowest in Diet 3 (P 0.05). α-Linolenic acid (18:3n-3) was highest in thigh muscle and liver of Diet 3 and adipose tissue of chickens fed Diet 2 and Diet 3 (P 20 C) n-3 FA was highest in the breast muscle of chickens fed Diet 2 and Diet 3 (P 0.05). No effect of diet on feed consumption was observed (P > 0.05). Overall, results from the current study demonstrate that Met supplementation is a novel way to enrich tissues with n-3 FA and Toc in chickens fed flax.
Incidence and Mortality of Physician-Diagnosed Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Time Trends Over a 40-Year Period in a Population-Based US Cohort.

Abstract Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality rates, and their evolution over time, of physician-diagnosed primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) in residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota. Patients and Methods Medical records of patients with a diagnosis or suspicion of SS in Olmsted County from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2015, were reviewed to identify incident cases of pSS (defined by physician diagnosis). These cases were combined with those from a 1976 through 2005 incident cohort (n=111) from the same population. Incidence rates were age and sex adjusted to the 2010 US white population. Survival rates were compared with the expected rates in the population of Minnesota. Results With 61 incident cases of pSS diagnosed in Olmsted County from 2006 through 2015, the total cohort included 172 patients with incident pSS from 1976 through 2015. Of the 172 patients, 151 (88%) were women and 161 (94%) were white, with a mean ± SD age at diagnosis of 58.3±16.7 years. The average age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence for 2006 through 2015 was 5.9 per 100,000 population (95% CI, 4.4-7.4 per 100,000 population), and the overall incidence for the entire period was 5.8 per 100,000 (95% CI, 4.9-6.6 per 100,000). The incidence increased with calendar time over the 40-year period ( P =.005). There was no difference in mortality in the pSS cohort compared with expected (standardized mortality ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.86-1.50). Conclusion The average annual incidence of pSS in this population-based cohort was 5.8 per 100,000, with a progressive increase over the 40 years of the study. Overall survival of patients with pSS was not different from that of the general population.
Up against the Clock: Migrating to LibGuides V2 on a Tight Timeline

During Fall semester 2015, Librarians at the United States Naval Academy were faced with the challenge of migrating to LibGuides version 2 and integrating LibAnswers with LibChat into their service offerings. Initially, the entire migration process was anticipated to take almost a full academic year; giving guide owners considerable time to update and prepare their guides. However, with the acquisition of the LibAnswers module, library staff shortened the migration timeline considerably to ensure both products went live on the version 2 platform at the same time. The expedited implementation timeline forced the ad hoc implementation teams to prioritize completion of the tasks that were necessary for the system to remain functional after the upgrade. This paper provides an overview of the process the staff at the Nimitz Library followed for a successful implementation on a short timeline and highlights transferable lessons learned during the process. Consistent communication of expectations with stakeholders and prioritization of tasks were essential to the successful completion of the project.
Reaction of SO2 with Group IV and VI transition metal oxide clusters

Abstract The addition of SO2 to the Group IV (MO2)n and VI (MO3)n (n = 1, 2, 3) nanoclusters was studied using density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)). Structures and ligand binding energies were predicted for the Lewis acid-base addition (physisorption), or SO32− or SO42− formation (chemisorption) of SO2 to these clusters. Physisorption is predicted to be thermodynamically allowed for the Mo and W clusters at 298K, and for Cr only at lower temperatures. Chemisorption by SO42− formation is thermodynamically allowed only for Cr clusters due to the higher reducibility of the metal center. Correlations were made between the ligand binding energies (LBEs) of the (MO3)nSO2 clusters and the chemical properties of the parent (MO3)n clusters (Lewis acidity, reducibility, and M O and M O bond strengths). Physisorption and chemisorption by SO32− formation is predicted to be thermodynamically possible for Group IV clusters, and SO4−2 formation is predicted not to occur, suggesting that sulfate formation does not proceed by the direct reaction of a pure metal oxide surface and SO2.
Differential effects of IFN-α and IFN-γ on upregulation of IFN-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11.

2149 INTRODUCTION: Despite the presence of tumor Ag-specific T cells in the periphery of vaccinated patients, melanoma evades immune-mediated destruction. Optimizing T cell trafficking is essential to immunotherapy and may be facilitated by enhanced chemokine receptor interactions. CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9-11) are known as IFN-inducible chemokines, but the effects of IFN-α compared with IFN-γ on these three chemokines are not known. METHODS: Peripheral blood from 8 normal donors was incubated at 37 oC for 48h with clinically appropriate doses of either IFN-α (1x105 IU/ml) or IFN-γ (3.9 x105 IU/ml) and supernatants were assayed for CXCR3 ligands and for their ability to induce migration of activated T cells. Transwell chambers with 8μm untreated membranes were used. Antigen-stimulated human T cells were placed in the upper chamber and supernatants from IFN-treated PBL were diluted to 10% and placed in the lower chamber. The assay was incubated at 37oC for 4h and the cells in each chamber were counted. Control migration assays were run in parallel with the same activated T cell and supernatants from untreated PBLs. RESULTS: Both IFN-γ and IFN-α increased the production of CXCR3 ligands from PBL of normal donors (cumulative levels 614,147 and 909,223 pg/ml, respectively, vs. 4,321 for control). IFN-γ was dominant in increasing CXCL9 (MIG) in all 8 patients (mean 300,989 pg/ml vs. 404 pg/ml for IFN-γ and IFN-α, respectively). There was a balanced effect of IFN-γ and IFN-α on CXCL10 (IP-10, >500,000 pg/ml each) and IFN-α had a dominant effect on CXCL11 (I-TAC) in 7 out of 8 patients (87.5%; 32,636 for IFN-α vs. 21,329 pg/mL for IFN-γ). There were wide variations in migratory effects caused by IFN-induced supernatants from different normal donors (2.7%-62.5% of cells migrated). The percentage of cells that migrated under each treatment condition was calculated for each subject and the differences in these percentages were computed as alpha minus control and gamma minus control. The means of these values were averaged over all subjects and were 0.18 (-0.25, 0.61) and 0.10 (-0.06, 0.26) for the IFN-α and -γ differences, respectively. Interestingly, these variations were not explained by the measured levels of chemokines CXCL9-11. CONCLUSIONS: Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are induced by type 1 interferons, but there is striking differential susceptibility to IFN for each chemokine. The chemokine-enriched supernatants of IFN-treated mononuclear cells induce migration of antigen-activated human T cells. Preliminary data suggest that some migration effects of IFN-induced supernatants cannot be explained fully by the known IFN-inducible chemokines, raising the question of whether other chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions are affected by type I IFNs in a way that alters T cell trafficking. Better characterization of these interactions may provide new tools to improve immune-mediated therapy of cancer.
Concept Clarification and Critical Thinking: Integrated Processes

Concept clarification is centrally important to theory development. While often understood as a formula-driven task, concept clarification is really a process that engages critical thinking. Clarification creates multiple meanings through: (1) formulating purposes, (2) choosing, examining, and integrating data sources, and (3) representing a final conceptualization that can also be examined for adequacy. Within each of these processes, critical thinking is engaged as: (1) assumptions are identified and challenged, (2) the importance of context in creating meaning is revealed, (3) alternative interpretations are imagined and explored, and (4) reflective skepticism is cultivated. The central challenge in concept clarification is to understand how words create things.
Selectivity of large mesh trawl codends in the Gulf of Maine: I. Comparison of square and diamond mesh

Abstract Selectivity properties of five codend types were evaluated using the covered codend method. The codends tested were 152, 165 and 178 mm diamond mesh codends, and 165 and 178 mm square mesh codends. A new hydrodynamic codend cover, which was expanded by 12 water-borne kites, was developed, tested and used during the codend mesh selectivity studies. Eighty-six successful tows were completed for the five codends. This paper describes results for two species of roundfish – Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) and haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) and four species of flounders – American plaice ( Hippoglossoides platessoides ), yellowtail flounder ( Limanda ferruginea ), witch flounder ( Glyptocephalus cynoglossus ) and winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus ). The results indicate that larger codend mesh sizes retained larger fish for all species for both diamond and square mesh codends. The mesh shape (diamond or square) has no significant effect on the 50% retention length ( L 50 ) for roundfish ( P > 0.1) while the square mesh codends have significantly smaller L 50 s for flounders ( P
Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and apoptosis

For multicellular organisms, control of individual cell death is essential to the maintenance of homeostasis throughout the various conditions that influence life. Development requires the coordinated growth of cells, as well as the elimination of nonfunctioning or neoplastic cells [1]. This control was initially observed in the morphologic development of insects, where it was termed programmed cell death. However in 1972, Wyllie and Kerr recognized a similar phenomenon with associated nuclear changes in ischemic hepatocytes and called it apoptosis [2]. This is a Greek word, which refers to the life cycle of a tree, whose leaves fall away, eventually allowing the emergence of new leaves to sustain the whole. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis include nuclear fragmentation (which programmed cell death does not), chromatin condensation, plasma membrane blebbing, relative preservation of organellar structure, and preservation of plasma membrane continuity [3]. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is rearranged to the outer leaflet of the cellular membrane, allowing identification of the apoptotic cell by macrophages which then engulf the cell without the initiation of an inflammatory response, as is the case in necrotic cell death [4]. In this way, apoptosis allows the tidy disposal of cells rather than the littered result of necrosis.
Constellations of genetic abnormalities predict clinical outcome in childhood malignancies.

A major thrust of tumor classification systems has been to recognize clinical and histological differences among tumors arising from the same or similar tissues, in the belief that such distinctions will provide a framework for the development of improved treatment. Clearly, this approach has been instrumental in advances toward uniformly curative treatment. However, the variable therapeutic responsiveness of many histopathologically classified tumors suggests the presence of biologically unique sub-groups with prognostic importance. The challenge confronting pediatric oncologists is to devise classification schemes that will accommodate the biological diversity of childhood tumors. We need to be able to recognize, at diagnosis, those patients who will respond well to therapy despite having high-risk features by conventional criteria.
2 Populations, One Server, Arbitrary Service (M/G/1/2)

This chapter pertains when arrivals from two populations come to a system with one server and infinite capacity. The inter-arrival times are exponential and the services times from each population are arbitrary. An example are the calls for service to a squad car in a one-car patrol beat, where some calls are for minor scrapes and others are major incidents, and the combined service times are not exponential. The performance measures of the system are developed, and examples are presented.
Diagnosis and Outcome of Biopsies of Indeterminate Lesions of the Cavernous Sinus and Meckel's Cave: A Retrospective Case Series in 85 Patients.

Background When clinical presentation, laboratory studies, or imaging cannot diagnose cavernous sinus (CS) and/or Meckel's cave (MC) lesions, biopsy may be necessary. Objective To review our institutional series of biopsies of indeterminate CS and MC lesions. Methods Records from January 1994 to June 2016 were searched for biopsied indeterminate CS and MC lesions. We defined indeterminate as having an atypical imaging appearance or a broad differential and the need for tissue for definitive diagnosis. We defined primary tumors as originating from cells inherent or near the CS and MC. Results Eighty-five patients were included (median age 59 [2-85] yr); 22 (28%) had a cancer history. Approaches included frontotemporal craniotomy (n = 48, 56%), endoscopic endonasal (n = 20, 24%), percutaneous transforamen ovale (n = 12, 14%), or retrosigmoid craniotomy (n = 5, 6%). Final diagnosis was metastatic in 27 (32%), primary in 21 (25%), inflammatory in 13 (15%), hematologic in 11 (13%), fungal in 5 (5%), and nondefinitive or nondiagnostic in 8 (10%) patients. Thirteen (59%) patients with a cancer history (n = 22) had a diagnosis consistent with their prior cancer; the remaining had a second pathology (n = 6, 27%) or nondiagnostic biopsy (n = 3, 14%). Two patients had surgical complications resulting in death. Conclusion In this patient cohort, metastatic tumors were the most likely pathology. The biopsy threshold should be lower in patients with a cancer history if clinical or radiographic diagnosis is uncertain as 27% had a second disease. However, we consider biopsy as a last resort because the risk of major morbidity/mortality, while low, is not zero.
Method for measuring extracellular flux from intact polarized epithelial monolayers

Purpose The Seahorse XFp platform is widely used for metabolic assessment of cultured cells. Current methods require replating of cells into specialized plates. This is problematic for certain cell types, such as primary human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cells, which must be cultured for months to become properly differentiated. Our goal was to overcome this limitation by devising a method for assaying intact cell monolayers with the Seahorse XFp, without the need for replating. Methods Primary hfRPE cells were differentiated by prolonged culture on filter inserts. Triangular sections of filters with differentiated cells attached were excised, transferred to XFp cell culture miniplate wells, immobilized at the bottoms, and subjected to mitochondrial stress tests. Replated cells were measured for comparison. Differentiated hfRPE cells were challenged or not with bovine photoreceptor outer segments (POS), and mitochondrial stress tests were performed 3.5 h later, after filter excision and transfer to assay plates. Results Differentiated hfRPE cells assayed following filter excision demonstrated increased maximal respiration, increased spare respiration capacity, and increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) relative to replated controls. hfRPE cells challenged with POS exhibited increased maximal respiration and spare capacity, with no apparent change in the ECAR, relative to untreated controls. Conclusions We have developed a method to reproducibly assay intact, polarized monolayers of hfRPE cells with the Seahorse XFp platform and have shown that the method yields more robust metabolic measurements compared to standard methods and is suitable for assessing the consequences of prolonged perturbations of differentiated cells. We expect our approach to be useful for a variety of studies involving metabolic assessment of adherent cells cultured on filters.
Abstract TP213: Associations Between Risk Factors and Stroke Mechanisms in Young Adults

Background: Atherosclerotic stroke risk factors are prevalent among young adults with stroke. However, it is not certain if these risk factors are contributors to the majority of index mechanisms o...
Medial Surface Dynamics as a Function of Subglottal Pressure in a Canine Larynx Model.

Abstract During vocal fold vibration, there may be a mucosal wave in the superior-inferior (vertical) direction, resulting in a convergent shape during opening and a divergent shape during closing. Most of our understanding of the converging/diverging shape of the glottis has come from studies in a hemilarynx model. Previous work has shown that vibratory patterns in the full excised larynx are different than the hemilarynx. This study characterized the dynamics of the medial glottal wall geometry during vibrations in the full excised canine larynx model. Using particle image velocimetry, the intraglottal geometry was measured at the midmembranous coronal plane in an excised canine larynx model. Measurements of the glottal area were taken simultaneously using high-speed imaging. The results show that skewing of the glottal area waveform occurs without the presence of a vocal tract and that the phase-lag of the superior edge relative to the inferior edge is smaller than reported and depends on the subglottal pressure. In addition, it shows that the glottal divergence angle during closing is proportional to the magnitude of the acoustic intensity and the intraglottal negative pressure. This preliminary data suggests that more studies are needed to determine the important mechanisms determining the relationship between intraglottal flow, intraglottal geometry, and acoustics.
Updating the International Index of Erectile Function: Evaluation of a Large Clinical Data Set.

Abstract Introduction The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is the predominant patient-reported outcomes instrument for assessing male sexual function. There are obvious problems with the use of the IIEF in the assessment of an individual patient, such as for men who use injections and men who do not engage in intercourse. Aim The aim of the current study is to redesign the erectile function domain of the IIEF (IIEF6) to more accurately assess the individual patient. Methods In an observational study of men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer at a tertiary care institution, including 24,732 questionnaires completed by 6,780 individuals, IIEF6 scores were compared for patients using and not using erectile aids. Men not engaging in sexual intercourse were asked to describe the reason. Main Outcome Measure The main outcome we were seeking was the IIEF6 scores. Results Mean scores before erectile aids items were added was 17.7 compared with predicted scores of 18.3 vs 16.7 if patients reported their function with vs without the use of aids. No intercourse was reported for 35% of surveys. Reasons given were lack of ability or confidence in 53%, lack of willing and available partner in 28%, “other” in 17% (including respondent’s or partner’s health issues, low libido, preference for nonpenetrative sex or for sex with men). Doubling the sum of the 3 nonintercourse IIEF6 questions had excellent properties (difference of 0.06, limits of agreement -3.10 to 3.22). Clinical Implications Erectile function instruments must include items about erectile aids. Men who report that they have not attempted intercourse should not be assumed to have erectile dysfunction, but should be asked the reason why. For men who report lack of opportunity or preference for intercourse, the score of the 3 nonintercourse IIEF6 questions should be doubled. Strengths & Limitations This is a large study of patients in a real-world setting. Although the study only includes radical prostatectomy patients, and although the study cohort is not fully representative of the US prostate cancer population as a whole, these issues would not affect the key findings. Conclusion The IIEF6 can be redesigned to better assess the individual patient. Vickers AJ, Tin AL, Singh K, et al. Updating the International Index of Erectile Function: Evaluation of a Large Clinical Data Set. J Sex Med 2020;17:126–132.
Finding a place and leaving a mark in memory formation

Preference for spatial locations to maximize favorable outcomes and minimize aversive experiences helps animals survive and adapt to the changing environment. Both visual and non-visual cues play a...
Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-analytic Review of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Olfactory dysfunction is recognized in neurodevelopmental disorders and may serve as an early indicator of global dysfunction. The present meta-analysis measures olfaction effect sizes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Meta-analysis included 320 ADHD, 346 ASD, and 208 OCD individuals as compared to 910 controls. Olfactory performance deficits were small-to-moderate and heterogeneous (d = − 0.42, 95% CI = − 0.59 < δ < − 0.25). Meta-analytic results indicate that olfactory dysfunction is evident in individuals with ASD and OCD, with small-to-negligible effects in ADHD. These findings imply olfactory dysfunction is related to clinical phenotype in ASD and OCD, but not ADHD, and warrant inclusion in clinical assessment and evaluation of certain neurodevelopmental disorders.
Effect of spaghetti meat abnormality on broiler chicken breast meat composition and technological quality.

The effects of spaghetti meat (SM) myopathy and sampling location on chicken breast meat physical traits, composition, and protein functionality were investigated using 30 normal (N) and 30 SM boneless fillets. Weight, drip loss, pH, and color traits were determined on intact fillets. Proximate composition, water holding capacity, mineral profile, SDS-PAGE, myofibrillar, and sarcoplasmic protein solubility, and emulsifying properties were assessed on both the superficial (S) and deep (D) layers of the breasts. SM fillets were heavier (P < 0.0001) and exhibited greater drip loss (P = 0.0131) and higher b* index on the skin side of the muscle (P < 0.0001). Muscle condition by layer interaction effect revealed that the superficial portion of SM fillets (SM-S) exhibited the highest moisture (P = 0.0003) and fat contents (P = 0.0011) coupled with the lowest protein (P < 0.0001) and ash contents (P = 0.0458). Total and soluble collagen amounts were higher in N-S and SM-S groups compared with N-D and SM-D (P < 0.0001). SM-S group exhibited the highest calcium (P = 0.0035) and sodium (P < 0.0001) levels. Overall, the myopathy had only minor impacts on protein profiles, while the muscle layer exerted a more remarkable effect. SM fillets exhibited higher pH but a lower myofibrillar protein solubility (P < 0.0001). Salt-induced water uptake, cooking loss, and final yield values suggested a potential impairment of water-holding capacity in SM-affected meat. Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar emulsion activity indexes were similar between the 2 muscle conditions, but the stability of the emulsions was lower in SM meat. Overall, significant layer and muscle condition by layer effects were not observed in the functional properties of the breast meat. SM exerted a profound and negative impact on breast meat composition that led to detrimental consequences on functionality traits. Given the fundamental role of protein quality for meat processing, these data suggest that a further step toward the understanding of this myopathy should be the investigation of intrinsic protein characteristics.
Bimetallic Two-Dimensional Nanoframes: High Activity Acidic Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Electrocatalysts

Obtaining acidic bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts that simultaneously provide high activity and high stability for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) r...
Grain Boundary Complexion Transitions

Grain boundaries can undergo phase-like transitions, called complexion transitions, in which their structure, composition, and properties change discontinuously as temperature, bulk composition, an...
Chapter 2.6 – CXC Chemokines in Angiogenesis

Publisher Summary Angiogenesis is regulated by an opposing balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors. CXC chemokines are a unique cytokine family that contain members that exhibit on a structural and functional basis that are either angiogenic or angiostatic biological activity. A variety of factors have been described in this chapter that promotes angiogenesis. In parallel, growing list of angiogenesis inhibitors have been identified. Studies in the chapter demonstrate that, as a family, the CXC chemokines appear to be important in the regulation of angiogenesis associated with both tumorigenesis and the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as tumorigenesis or chronic fibroproliferative disorders. These findings support the notion that therapy directed at either inhibition of angiogenic or augmentation of angiostatic CXC chemokines may be a novel approach in the treatment of solid tumors and chronic fibroproliferative disorders.
Mixed incorporation of carbon and hydrogen in silicate melts under varying pressure and redox conditions

Abstract Volatiles including carbon and hydrogen are generally considered to be more soluble in silicate melts than in mantle rocks. How these melts contribute to the storage and distribution of key volatiles in Earth's interior today and during its early evolution, however, remains largely unknown. It is essential to improve our knowledge about volatiles-bearing silicate magmas over the entire mantle pressure regime. Here we investigate molten Mg 1 − x FexSiO3 ( x = 0 , 0.25) containing both carbon and hydrogen using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that the dissolution mechanism of the binary volatiles in melts varies considerably under different conditions of pressure and redox. When incorporated as CO2 and H2O components (corresponding to oxidizing conditions) almost all carbon and hydrogen form bonds with oxygen. Their speciation at low pressure consists of predominantly isolated molecular CO2, carbonates, and hydroxyls. More oxygenated species, including tetrahedrally coordinated carbons, hydrogen (O-H-O) bridges, various oxygen-joined complexes appear as melt is further compressed. When two volatiles are incorporated as hydrocarbons CH4 and C2H6 (corresponding to reducing conditions), hydroxyls are prevalent with notable presence of molecular hydrogen. Carbon-oxygen bonding is almost completely suppressed. Instead carbon is directly correlated with itself, hydrogen, and silicon. Both volatiles also show strong affinity to iron. Reduced volatile speciation thus involves polymerized complexes comprising of carbon, hydrogen, silicon, and iron, which can be mostly represented by two forms: C1−4H1−5Si0−5O0−2 (iron-free) and C5−8H1−8Si0−6Fe5−8O0−2. The calculated partial molar volumes of binary volatiles in their oxidized and reduced incorporation decrease rapidly initially with pressure and then gradually at higher pressures, thereby systematically lowering silicate melt density. Our assessment of the calculated opposite effects of the volatile components and iron on melt density indicates that melt-crystal density crossovers are possible in the present-day mantle and also could have occurred in early magma ocean environments. Melts at upper mantle and transition zone conditions likely dissolve carbon and hydrogen in a wide variety of oxidized and non-oxygenated forms. Deep-seated partial melts and magma ocean remnants at lower mantle conditions may exsolve carbon as complex reduced species possibly to the core during core-mantle differentiation while retaining a majority of hydrogen as hydroxyls-associated species.
Abstract P093: Cytochrome B5 Reductase 3 And Xanthine Oxidase Coordinately Regulate Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Physiological Redox State

In cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress can drive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) heme oxidation resulting in the loss of the sGC heme (apo-sGC), the impairment of nitric oxide (NO) binding and ...
Dislokation eines Vorhofohr-Okkluders

Die Dislokation eines Vorhofohr-Okkluders nach der Freisetzung gehort zu den Albtraumen bei kardialen Interventionen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Fall einer solchen Komplikation zusammen mit einem Step-by-step-Protokoll vorgestellt, das dabei helfen kann, stressarm Fremdkorper im linken Atrium zu bergen und venos zu entfernen. Insbesondere die Anfertigung eines „homemade“ Snares im Eigenbau ermoglicht dabei das einfache Einfangen groser Implantate, fur die konventionelle Snares zu klein sind.
Distributed Control Approaches for Microgrids

Microgrids (MGs) as controllable and small-scale electric power systems are the main building blocks of smart grids. The unique feature of MGs is their ability to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The MG control system plays a critical role in accommodating its reliable operation in both operating modes. The MG control system deploys a hierarchical control structure including primary, secondary, and tertiary control levels. These control hierarchies are responsible for the voltage and frequency control and regulation as well as the optimal operation of the MG. In this chapter, these control hierarchies are elaborated. The MG control system can either adopt a centralized or distributed control structure. The distributed control structure has rendered more advantages compared to the centralized one in terms of reliability and resilience. In a distributed control structure, Distributed Generators (DGs) can communicate with each other through a distributed communication network and make consensus-based control decisions to satisfy a specific MG control target. This chapter addresses the distributed control of both AC and DC MGs and covers the distributed control techniques utilized for voltage/frequency control as well as active/reactive power sharing.
Unbiased Simulation Estimators for Path Integrals of Diffusions

We develop and analyze Monte Carlo simulation estimators for path integrals of a multivariate diffusion with a general state-dependent drift and volatility. We prove that our estimators are unbiased and have finite variance by extending the regularity conditions of the parametrix method. The performance of our estimators is illustrated on numerical examples that highlight some applied problems for which our estimators apply.
Surface Evaluation of Resilient CAD/CAM ceramics after Contouring and Polishing.

Objective This in-vitro study measured the differences in surface roughness for computer assisted design/computer assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resilient ceramic and CAD/CAM composite materials. Materials and methods The materials included Lava Ultimate (3 M), Cerasmart (GC America), Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik), and Brilliant Crios (Coltene). One calibrated operator polished each material with three polishing sytems: spiral polishers (Diacomp FeatherLite/Brasseler), rubbercup polishers (Enhance/DentsplyCaulk), and brush-paste (Diashine/VH Technologies). Surface roughness was assessed using a confocal laser microscope (Lext OLS4000/Olympus). Results A two-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in mean surface roughness values (Sa) among materials and polishers. Tukey multiple comparisons showed that mean Sa values for Lava Ultimate, Enamic, Cerasmart and Brilliant Crios polished with brush-paste as well as Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart values polished with spiral polishers were not significantly different from each other. Conclusions The finished surfaces were significantly smoother than milled surfaces for all materials. The brush-paste polishing technique created the lowest surface roughness values for all CAD/CAM materials and values were comparable to what was achieved by spiral polishers for Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart. Rubber polishers did not provide a clinically smooth surface for CAD/CAM resilient ceramic/composite materials. Clinical significance The results of the study indicate that polishing creates smooth surfaces for CAD/CAM resilient ceramic and CAD/CAM composite restorations.
Complement control for COVID-19.

Excessive complement activation contributes to lung disease and adverse patient outcomes in COVID-19 (see the related research articles by Yan et al. and Ma et al.).
Numerical Method for Elastic Stability Problems

The elastic stability of structures leads to a linear eigenvalue problem of the type AX = λBX where A and B are symmetric and banded. A numerical method is presented to compute the critical buckling load, which is the minimum eigenvalue. The upper and lower bounds are estimated and using an improved interpolation technique the exact minimum eigenvalue is calculated. The buckling loads of nonuniform columns and isotropic and orthotropic rectangular plates with different boundary conditions are evaluated numerically. Estimates of the number of increments necessary for satisfactory results are also given. The method is general for all elastic structural stability problems.
Can Intercultural Pragmatics Bring Some New Insight into Pragmatic Theories

This chapter argues that the main difference between intracultural and intercultural communication is that the latter, to some extent, shifts the emphasis from the communal to the individual. What standard pragmatics assumes about how things work in communication depends on there being commonalities, conventions, standards, and norms between speakers and hearers. This, however, may not be exactly so in intercultural communication. Commonalities, conventions, common beliefs, norms, shared knowledge, and the like, all create a core common ground on which intention and cooperation-based pragmatics is built. (Of course, there are plenty of varieties within those commonalities.) However, when this core common ground appears to be limited, as is the case in intercultural communication, interlocutors cannot take it for granted; rather they need to co-construct it, at least temporarily. So what is happening here is a shift in emphasis from the communal to the individual. It is not that the individual becomes more important than the societal. Rather, since there is limited common ground, it should be created in the interactional context in which the interlocutors function as core common ground creators rather than just common ground seekers and activators as is the case in intracultural communication.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A promotes apoptosis in developing mouse brain exposed to hyperoxia.

In the present study, 7 day postnatal C57/BL6 wild-type mice (hyperoxia group) and 7 day postnatal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A knockout mice (NR3A KO group) were exposed to 75% oxygen and 15% nitrogen in a closed container for 5 days. Wild-type mice raised in normoxia served as controls. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)/neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/NeuN immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells and the number of proliferative cells in the dentate subgranular zone significantly increased in the hyperoxia group compared with the control group. However, in the same hyperoxia environment, the number of apoptotic cells and the number of proliferative cells significantly decreased in the NR3A KO group compared with hyperoxia group. TUNEL + /NeuN + and BrdU + /NeuN + cells were observed in the NR3A KO and the hyperoxia groups. These results demonstrated that the NR3A gene can promote cell apoptosis and mediate the potential damage in the developing brain induced by exposure to non-physiologically high concentrations of oxygen.
Mitochondrial particles resolved for ion translocation: II. Extraction of cofactors and restoration of activity

Abstract Extraction with a concentrated solution of dibasic potassium hydrogen phosphate, of mitochondrial translocating particles coupled at the third site, yielded a particle which accumulated Sr++, Ca++, and Mn++ only when supplemented with cytochrome c. Addition of another, unidentified factor caused a substantial increase in the rate of accumulation of these ions. Although the endogenous cytochrome c had been only partially extracted from these particles, added cytochrome c was required for translocation of Sr++, whether energized by oxidation of succinate or by hydrolysis of ATP. This finding confirmed the central role of cytochrome c in the formation of high energy intermediates and compelled the postulate that cytochrome c functions at two different sites in the electron transfer chain.
Vertical mining with incomplete data

Mining frequent patterns is essential in many data mining methods. Frequent patterns lead to the discovery of association rules, strong rules, sequential episodes, and multi-dimensional patterns. Patterns should be discovered in a time and space efficient manner. Vertical mining algorithms key advantage is that they can outperform their horizontal counterparts in terms of both time and space efficiency. Little work has addressed how incomplete data influences vertical data mining. Therefore, the quality and utility of vertical mining algorithms results remains uncertain as real data sets often contain incomplete data. This paper considers establishing methodologies that deal with incomplete data in vertical mining.
A somewhat unorthodox explanation for the rise and fall of physician practice management companies: the application of Gaia theory.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to present an alternative theory to why publicly‐traded physician practice management companies in the US were popular and successful for a limited number of years and then essentially self‐destructed.Design/methodology/approach – The short history of publicly‐traded practice management companies suggests that they had limited value and utility in the US healthcare industry. It is the premise of the paper that the sudden appearance these for‐profit companies upset the natural order within the healthcare industry and created a disequilibria which ultimately resulted in their demise. While Gaia theory is most commonly applied to the natural sciences, it has been applied to a number of interdisciplinary issues.Findings – Physicians gravitated to these for‐profit companies either out of fear of encroaching managed care or out a desire to sell their practice to the highest bidder. Physician practice management companies, on the other hand, saw a way to entice stockholde...
Benchmark problem for beam pointing control of phased array radar against maneuvering targets

Presents a benchmark problem for tracking maneuvering targets. The benchmark problem involves beam pointing control of a phased array (agile beam) radar against highly maneuvering targets. A testbed simulation program that includes the effects of target amplitude fluctuations, beamshape, missed detections, finite resolution, target maneuvers, and track loss is described. Limits on the position and maneuverability of the targets are given along with descriptions of six target trajectories. The "best" tracking algorithm is the one that requires the minimum number of radar dwells while satisfying a constraint of 4% on the maximum number of lost tracks.
Electric fields, electron production, and electron motion at the stripper foil in the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring

The beam instability at the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR) most likely involves coupled oscillations between electrons and protons. For this instability to occur, we must have a strong source of electrons, and so we have begun to investigate the various sources of electrons in the PSR. We expect copious electron production in the injection section because this section contains the stripper foil. This foil is mounted near the center of the beam pipe, and both circulating and injected protons pass through it, thus allowing ample opportunity for electron production. In this paper we will discuss various mechanisms for electron production, beam-induced electric fields, and electron motion in the vicinity of the foil.
Application of artificial intelligence to chess playing

Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Computer Science that can be thought of as teaching a computer to act creatively. One interesting application of Artificial Intelligence is programming a computer to play chess. Chess presents challenges that are not present in other games, because of its complexity and the number of possible moves to evaluate. A common strategy for chess programs is to develop a tree data structure with all of the possible moves from a given starting board up to a certain depth, and then traverse the tree and evaluate it to find a good move. The most advanced current programs work around the potentially astronomical size of this tree by eliminating branches with heuristics, and sometimes by using powerful chess-specific hardware.
MEGALOPOLIS AND NEW YORK METROPOLITAN REGION: NEW STUDIES OF THE URBANIZED EASTERN SEABOARD

(1962). MEGALOPOLIS AND NEW YORK METROPOLITAN REGION: NEW STUDIES OF THE URBANIZED EASTERN SEABOARD. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 307-317.
Classification of Order-Disorder Transitions in Common Adsorbed Systems: Realization of the Four-State Potts Model

Order-disorder transitions on square, triangular, and honeycomb arrays are classified according to whether they can be continuous or must be first order by applying a criterion of Landau. In particular, the transitions to 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 2 arrays on triangular and honeybomb lattices are predicted to be in the universality class of the four-state Potts model. A physical realization of this model, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ on Kr-plated graphite, is proposed.