cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Perspectives on the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

Thanks to Richard Jensen, Kriste Lindenmeyer, Alan Lessoff and William G. Shade for helpful comments on this essay.Comparative perspectives on the United States have received increased attention in recent years, stimulated apparently by the rise in world history's popularity. David Thelen's sponsorship of transnational history as a subject of three special issues of the Journal of American History no doubt has contributed to the trend. The reprinting of C. Vann Woodward's The Comparative Approach to American History in 1997, the publication of George Fredrickson's essays on comparative history, and the report of the La Pietra Project reflect recent efforts to put United States history in an international perspective. While comparative history hardly has gained equal footing with nationally-centered studies, enough work on the Gilded Age and Progressive Era has appeared over the last decade and a half to warrant an assessment. This essay takes note of scholarship on economics, business, politics and governance that has examined the United States within an international context during the 1870s–1914 era. My objective is to discern trends in the literature and suggest opportunities for future research rather than to provide a comprehensive bibliographical survey.
Biofilms: Flow disrupts communication.

Surface topography and fluid flow combine to modify quorum sensing communication in bacterial biofilms, changing the way we think about the interaction of biofilms with external physical forces and the implications for persistence in chronic infections and industrial fouling.
The cetaceans of Aruba, southern Caribbean

Aruba is one of the most densely populated islands in the Caribbean. However, very little is known about its cetaceans. In 2010 and 2011, a total of 19721 km (1686 h) boat-based surveys over nearshore transects resulted in 117 positively-identified sightings comprising eight species. New records are also added for one of three previously-documented species. Five additional species were documented from strandings or reports by others. This brings the total number of cetacean species identified in Aruban waters to 16, of which nine are authenticated here for the first time. Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis (N = 59) and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (N = 33) were the most frequently observed species, with sightings of both year-round, followed by spinner dolphin (S. longirostris) and false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens). Additional species recorded are pantropical spotted dolphin (S. attenuata), striped dolphin (S. coeruleoalba), common dolphin (Delphinus capensis), rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis), short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), killer whale (Orcinus orca), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Bryde's/Eden's whale (Balaenoptera brydei/edeni), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and an unidentified beaked whale (Mesoplodon sp.). All cetaceans were sighted within 22 km of the coast in relatively shallow waters. Sighting rate was low (0.69 cetacean sightings per 100 km). Sightings of calves and neonates indicate that Aruba may be a nursing or breeding area for some species. The presence of several species of cetaceans in Aruba's coastal waters year-round indicates that status and threat assessments are needed to protect them.
Response of Emden Geese to Light

Abstract Geese are notoriously poor reproducers in comparison with other domestic fowl primarily due to a short laying season. Light has been widely used to stimulate non-seasonal production in chickens and turkeys (Byerly and Moore, 1941; Harper and Parker, 1957). This study was initiated to determine whether non-seasonal production could be achieved in domestic geese. Several lighting regimes were used to determine the feasibility of this production change in geese. Periods of restricted light were used to determine the importance of refractiveness to light during a period of decreasing daylight. The goose project at this station is being terminated and it was felt that the results of this limited study should be made available to other investigators. EXPERIMENTAL Emden geese ranging in age from two to five years were taken at random from the University of Minnesota flock on November 13, 1958 and assigned to four groups. The birds were housed …
Artillery Fire Distribution and Optimization Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

How the artillery fire play a role in the current joint operations,and making the operational effectiveness of the artillery strongest has been the biggest concern.Embedding simulated annealing operator in the genetic algorithm,and combined effectively the im-plicit paralleling of genetic algorithm with the characteristics of global optimization of simulated annealing algorithm,and configuration of artillery fire was analysed and researched.The simulation results show that this algorithm not only has faster convergence rate,but also can converge to the optimal solution.
Maintenance of cholesterol reduction using automated telephone calls.

A critical problem in the dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia is the long-term maintenance of cholesterol reduction. A system to maintain contact and provide feedback through a computer-interactive phone system was used with 115 subjects who completed a four-week diet and behavioral cholesterol reduction program. The subjects, mean age 48 years, were 87% non-Hispanic Caucasian and 74.8% were female. They were randomized to a control or maintenance group. The maintenance group received calls twice a month for six months. Total cholesterol (TC) and weight (lb) were obtained before and after a four-week program and after the six-month maintenance period. Neither group of subjects with all cholesterol measurements fully maintained initial cholesterol reductions (mean TC: in maintenance [n = 48) 248, 221, 231 versus control [n = 43] 243, 224, 232 mg/dL). All (n = 59) of the maintenance subjects used the phone system, with 83.3% of a subset evaluating it indicating the phone messages were helpful. Patients (n = 25) with > or = 5 lb weight loss and 10% TC decrease from baseline had a better maintenance of TC reduction in the maintenance versus control group (273,208,231 versus 259,205,246 mg/dL) (P < .05). We conclude that (1) maintenance remains a problem for cholesterol-lowering diet interventions, (2)automated phone calls are capable of maintaining contact and providing patient feedback, and (3) this system may help in the maintenance of TC levels for patients who made greater changes.
Insights into exo-Cellulase Inhibition by the Hot Water Hydrolyzates of Rice Straw

Preconditioning of lignocellulosic biomass unfortunately leads to the formation of degradation byproducts that severely inhibit the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. This study attempts to prioritize these degradation compounds such that a basis for their mitigation can be developed. Rice straw prehydrolyzates, produced by hot water pretreatment at 220 °C and 52 min, were fractionated using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) into phenolics, furans, organic acids, monomeric and oligomeric sugars. Purified inhibitors were tested against substrate conversion efficiencies of exo-cellulase enzyme from Hypocrea jecorina. Results showed that rice straw phenolics at 1 g/L reduced the specific hydrolysis rate by 92% compared to that of control. It was followed by acetic acid, which reduced enzyme efficiency by 87% at 1 g/L. The CPC purified xylo-oligosaccharides only inhibited the initial substrate hydrolysis rate of exo-cellulase, that which recovered over time and was comparable to that of the control aft...
Real-Time Probing of Modulations in South Indian Classical (Carnātic) Music by Indian and Western Musicians

We used Toiviainen and Krumhansl’s (2003) concurrent probe-tone technique to track Indian and Western musicians’ tonal-hierarchy profiles through modulations in Carnātic (South Indian classical) music. Changes of mode (rāgam) are particularly interesting in Carnātic music because of the large number of modes (more than 300) in its tonal system. We first had musicians generate profiles to establish a baseline for each of four rāgams in isolation. Then we obtained dynamic profiles of two modulating excerpts, each of which incorporated two of the four baseline rāgams. The two excerpts used the two techniques of modulation in Carnātic music: grahabēdham (analogous to a Western shift from C major to A minor), and rāgamālikā (analogous to a shift from C major to C minor). We assessed listeners’ tracking of the modulations by plotting the correlations of their response profiles with the baseline profiles. In general, the correlation to the original rāgam declined and the correlation to the new rāgam increased with the modulation, and then followed the reverse pattern when the original rāgam returned. Westerners’ responses matched those of the Indians on rāgams with structures similar to Western scales, but differed when rāgams were less familiar, and surprisingly, they registered the shifts more strongly than Indian musicians. These findings converged with previous research in identifying three types of cues: 1) culture-specific cues—schematic and veridical knowledge—employed by Indians, 2) tone-distribution cues—duration and frequency of note occurrence—employed by both Indians and Westerners, and 3) transference of schematic knowledge of Western music by Western participants.
Detection of TRPV4 channel current-like activity in Fawn Hooded hypertensive (FHH) rat cerebral arterial muscle cells

The transient receptor potential vallinoid type 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium entry channel known to modulate vascular function by mediating endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The present study investigated if isolated cerebral arterial myocytes of the Fawn Hooded hypertensive (FHH) rat, known to display exaggerated KCa channel current activity and impaired myogenic tone, express TRPV4 channels at the transcript and protein level and exhibit TRPV4-like single-channel cationic current activity. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunostaining analysis detected the expression of mRNA transcript and translated protein of TRPV4 channel in FHH rat cerebral arterial myocytes. Patch clamp recording of single-channel current activity identified the presence of a single-channel cationic current with unitary conductance of ~85 pS and ~96 pS at hyperpolarizing and depolarizing potentials, respectively, that was inhibited by the TRPV4 channel antagonist RN 1734 or HC 067074 and activated by the potent TRPV4 channel agonist GSK1016790A. Application of negative pressure via the interior of the patch pipette increased the NPo of the TRPV4-like single-channel cationic current recorded in cell-attached patches at a patch potential of 60 mV that was inhibited by prior application of the TRPV4 channel antagonist RN 1734 or HC 067047. Treatment with the TRPV4 channel agonist GSK1016790A caused concentration-dependent increase in the NPo of KCa single-channel current recorded in cell-attached patches of cerebral arterial myocytes at a patch potential of 40 mV, which was not influenced by pretreatment with the voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine or the T-type Ca2+ channel blocker Ni2+. These findings demonstrate that FHH rat cerebral arterial myocytes express mRNA transcript and translated protein for TRPV4 channel and display TRPV4-like single-channel cationic current activity that was stretch-sensitive and activation of which increased the open state probability of KCa single-channel current in these arterial myocytes.
Frequency modulated continuous wave lidar performance model for target detection

The desire to provide the warfighter both ranging and reflected intensity information is increasing to meet expanding operational needs. LIDAR imaging systems can provide the user with intensity, range, and even velocity information of a scene. The ability to predict the performance of LIDAR systems is critical for the development of future designs without the need to conduct time consuming and costly field studies. Performance modeling of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LIDAR system is challenging due to the addition of the chirped laser source and waveform mixing. The FMCW LIDAR model is implemented in the NV-IPM framework using the custom component generation tool. This paper presents an overview of the FMCW Lidar, the customized LIDAR components, and a series of trade studies using the LIDAR model.
Advantage and Disadvantage of Foreignness and Foreign Direct Investment

We analyze how a firm’s country of origin affects its investments in a host country. Viewing the country of origin as a resource, we explain the advantage (disadvantage) of foreignness, i.e., the relative benefit (liability) a subsidiary of a foreign firm enjoys over domestic firms when its country of origin is liked (disliked) by individuals in the host country. We find that separating government-based from consumer-based advantage and disadvantage results in diverging predictions: whereas the government-based advantage induces the firm to invest more to benefit from incentives, the consumer-based advantage induces the firm to invest less to maintain foreignness; whereas the government-based disadvantage induces the firm to invest less to reduce risks, the consumer-based disadvantage induces the firm to invest more to localize.
Land Loss Among the Hispanos of Northern New Mexico: Unfinished Psychological Business

Abstract There has been little exploration of the psychological impact of land loss and displacement on American minority populations. What little there is, is evident in research on Native Americans. Virtually absent from the mental health literature is research on the psychological processes of land loss and the coping strategies employed by the Hispanos of Northern New Mexico. Hispanos received land grants by the Spanish and Mexican governments beginning in the 17th century. Living in Northern New Mexico for many years, this author observed negative emotions regarding land loss within the Hispano community. Such observations were reinforced by the continued appearance of local and national newspaper articles on land grant activism and litigation in Northern New Mexico and annual commemoration of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, a document drafted at the end of the Mexican American War in 1848, upholding the rights of Hispanos to the possession of land grants. Such observations led this writer to initia...
Impulsivity and Comorbid PTSD and Binge Drinking

AbstractObjective: Trauma exposure is common, with estimates of 28% to 90% of adults reporting at least one traumatic event over their lifetime. Those exposed to traumatic events are at risk for al...
Steiner Trees and the Dynamic Quadratic Assignment Problem

Two of the most challenging problems in network design are the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) and the Steiner network problem. One of the key objectives of this paper is to show the strong link between these two network design problems. Dynamic flows in QAPs are modelled as stochastic processes. The underlying flow topology is represented as a Steiner tree queueing network topology. Customers and goods flow over tandem links of the Steiner network. A heuristic for the Stochastic Quadratic Assignment Problem SQAP is developed for solving this flow network topology problem and computational experience is presented.
The Relationship between Type A Parenting and Adolescent Perceptions of Family Environment.

Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) has been associated with negative health consequences and greater stress in interpersonal relationships. Yet, the substantive body of research has provided little direction regarding the etiology of TABP. One approach to address the etiological question is an examination of Type A parents and their children. In the present study of 940 subjects, global and component TABP parent-adolescent characteristics are examined in conjunction with family environment data. The results indicate that adolescents of Type A parents have higher Type A scores. Moreover, Type A parent-adolescent relationships vary depending on the Type A dimension measured and the gender of the parent-adolescent dyad. Further analyses indicate an independent contribution of perceived family environment to the development of TABP in adolescents. Directions for future research are discussed in light of the positive as well as negative aspects of life with a Type A parent.
Signal Detection Theory: Limitations and Applications

The evaluation of system performance in diagnostic imaging has raised substantial questions concerning the importance and interplay of many physical and psychophysical parameters. It has become clear that many diagnostic decisions are related to complex processes of human pattern recognition and decision-making, as well as the more classical parameters of signal detection theory such as: contrast, noise, resolution, and dynamic range.
A comparison of OS extension technologies

The current trend in operating systems research is to allow applications to dynamically extend the kernel to improve application performance or extend functionality, but the most effective approach to extensibility remains unclear. Some systems use safe languages to permit code to be downloaded directly into the kernel; other systems provide in-kernel interpreters to execute extension code; still others use software techniques to ensure the safety of kernel extensions. The key characteristics that distinguish these systems are the philosophy behind extensibility and the technology used to implement extensibility. This paper presents a taxonomy of the types of extensions that might be desirable in an extensible operating system, evaluates the performance cost of various extension technologies currently being employed, and compares the cost of adding a kernel extension to the benefit of having the extension in the kernel. Our results show that compiled technologies (e.g. Modula-3 and software fault isolation) are good candidates for implementing general-purpose kernel extensions, but that the overhead of interpreted languages is sufficiently high that they are inappropriate for this use.
Phylogenetic patterns recover known HIV epidemiological relationships and reveal common transmission of multiple variants

The growth of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequence databases resulting from drug resistance testing has motivated efforts using phylogenetic methods to assess how HIV spreads1-4. Such inference is potentially both powerful and useful for tracking the epidemiology of HIV and the allocation of resources to prevention campaigns. We recently used simulation and a small number of illustrative cases to show that certain phylogenetic patterns are associated with different types of epidemiological linkage5. Our original approach was later generalized for large next-generation sequencing datasets and implemented as a free computational pipeline6. Previous work has claimed that direction and directness of transmission could not be established from phylogeny because one could not be sure that there were no intervening or missing links involved7-9. Here, we address this issue by investigating phylogenetic patterns from 272 previously identified HIV transmission chains with 955 transmission pairs representing diverse geography, risk groups, subtypes, and genomic regions. These HIV transmissions had known linkage based on epidemiological information such as partner studies, mother-to-child transmission, pairs identified by contact tracing, and criminal cases. We show that the resulting phylogeny inferred from real HIV genetic sequences indeed reveals distinct patterns associated with direct transmission contra transmissions from a common source. Thus, our results establish how to interpret phylogenetic trees based on HIV sequences when tracking who-infected-whom, when and how genetic information can be used for improved tracking of HIV spread. We also investigate limitations that stem from limited sampling and genetic time-trends in the donor and recipient HIV populations.
Structural changes of chars produced from fast pyrolysis of lignin at 100–300 °C

Abstract Lignin pyrolysis experiences complicated reactions because lignin has a heterogeneous structure and its low-molecular-weight portion melts at low temperatures during pyrolysis to form a liquid intermediate phase. This study presents a systematic study to understand the structural changes of the chars produced from lignin fast pyrolysis at 100–300 °C, focusing more on the low-molecular-weight portion (i.e., the THF-soluble portion) of lignin. The results show that low temperature lignin pyrolysis mainly proceeds with the THF-soluble portion via decomposition reactions into volatiles and polymerization reactions into the THF-insoluble portion. The decomposition of the THF-soluble portion starts at ∼150 °C, mainly due to the loss of some thermally-labile structures such as hydroxyl groups and the alkyl aliphatic chains. Decomposition of the THF-soluble portion becomes significant as the pyrolysis temperature increases to ∼175 °C, mainly because of the cleavage of weak ether bonds linked with β-carbon or γ-carbon to release phenolic monomers or oligomers. Meanwhile, significant polymerization also takes place at ∼175 °C or above, leading to an increase in the yield of the THF-insoluble portion from ∼31% in the raw lignin to ∼67% in the char at 250 °C. Further decomposition of the THF-insoluble portion occurs as pyrolysis temperature increases. Because of enhanced polymerization reactions at higher temperatures (>250 °C), the char structure becomes more condensed with decreased H/C atomic ratio and increased aromaticity.
Acute lower leg hot water immersion protects macrovascular dilator function following ischaemia–reperfusion injury in humans

NEW FINDINGS • What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of lower leg hot water immersion on vascular ischaemia-reperfusion injury induced in the arm of young healthy humans? • What is the main finding and its importance? Lower leg hot water immersion successfully protects against vascular ischaemia-reperfusion injury in humans. This raises the possibility that targeted heating of the lower legs may be an alternative therapeutic approach to whole-body heating that is equally efficacious at protecting against vascular ischaemia-reperfusion injury. ABSTRACT Reperfusion that follows a period of ischaemia paradoxically reduces vasodilator function in humans and contributes to the tissue damage associated with an ischaemic event. Acute whole-body hot water immersion protects against vascular ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in young healthy humans. However, the effect of acute lower leg heating on I-R injury is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that, compared with thermoneutral control immersion, acute lower leg hot water immersion would prevent the decrease in macro- and microvascular dilator functions following I-R injury in young healthy humans. Ten young healthy subjects (5 female) immersed their lower legs into a circulated water bath for 60 min under two randomized conditions: (1) thermoneutral control immersion (∼33°C) and (2) hot water immersion (∼42°C). Macrovascular (brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation) and microvascular (forearm reactive hyperaemia) dilator functions were assessed using Doppler ultrasound at three time points: (1) pre-immersion, (2) 60 min post-immersion, and (3) post-I/R (20 min of arm ischaemia followed by 20 min of reperfusion). Ischaemia-reperfusion injury reduced macrovascular dilator function following control immersion (pre-immersion 6.0 ± 2.1% vs. post-I/R 3.6 ± 2.1%; P < 0.05), but was well-maintained with prior hot water immersion (pre-immersion 5.8 ± 2.1% vs. post-I/R 5.3 ± 2.1%; P = 0.8). Microvascular dilator function did not differ between conditions or across time. Taken together, acute lower leg hot water immersion prevents the decrease in macrovascular dilator function that occurs following I-R injury in young healthy humans.
Atraumatic acute forearm compartment syndrome due to systemic heparin

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for acute heart failure exacerbation. Her history was notable for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and mitral valve regurgitation requiring mechanical mitral valve replacement. Found to have mitral paravalvular leak, the patient’s home warfarin was held and heparin infusion was started in preparation for valvular surgery. Eleven days after starting heparin infusion, the patient awoke with severe right forearm pain that worsened throughout the day and by the afternoon had developed decreased sensation at the small finger. Visually, the right forearm had mild swelling and ecchymoses, but was without evidence of traumatic injury, venipuncture, erythema, or fluctuance. On forearm examination, the patient was remarkably tender to palpation over both dorsal and volar compartments, endorsed pain with passive extension of the fingers, and both dorsal and volar compartments were rigid to palpation. The distal compartments of the hand remained soft and non-tender …
Data-driven modelling for building energy prediction using regression-based analysis

The prediction of short-term building electric loads is the essential basis for many building energy management tasks, such as detection and diagnosis of faults, demand-side management, and optimization of control systems. Because of the fair precision, comparatively easy to implement and interpret regression-based models related to other techniques, a straightforward generalized linear regression model with an ordinary least squares estimator used to predict day-ahead energy demand for U.S. institutional buildings with 15-minute intervals. Double-Lasso variable selection and regularization approach used to deal with the association of the covariates and penalize the regression coefficients, and artificial imputation method used to deal with the missing data. The proposed data-driven approach is validated for 3 months out-of-sample validation dataset and showed promising and acceptable outcomes among the advanced statistical models by achieving approximately 5% MAPE.
Casein core-polysaccharide shell nanocomplexes stable at pH 4.5 enabled by chelating and complexation properties of dextran sulfate

Abstract Casein micelle dispersions are turbid and unstable around the isoelectric point at pH 4.6. In this study, dextran sulfate (DS) was used to form stable and translucent 2% w/v casein dispersions at pH 4.5 through chelating calcium in micelles and forming nanocomplexes. Contrasting with turbid dispersions with large particles after brief mixing, thorough mixing micellar casein with DS stock dispersions resulted in stable and translucent dispersions after acidification to pH 4.5. The chelating capacity of DS was further confirmed by measuring ionic calcium. The dispersion turbidity was further reduced by changing pH from neutral to 11.30 to dissociate casein micelles followed by complexing with DS during acidification to pH 4.5. The formation of casein-DS nanocomplexes stable at pH 4.5 was mainly contributed to the electrostatic binding between basic amino acids of caseins and sulfate groups of DS, even when the two biopolymers were overall anionic at pH 7.6.
Statistical and syntactic pattern recognition

This chapter gives an overview of the most important approaches in statistical and syntactic pattern recognition and their application to biomedical imaging. Parametric and nonparametric estimation methods and binary decision trees form the basis for most classification problems related to bioimaging, whereas grammatical inference and graphical methods are the basic classification paradigms in syntactic pattern recognition. The chapter reviews the diagnostic accuracy of classification measured by receiver operating characteristic-curves and presents application examples based on statistical classification methods. The chapter also reviews techniques for estimating probability density functions (PDFs) based on the available experimental data that are described by the feature vectors corresponding to the patterns of the training set. It also describes the Bayes decision theory that represents a fundamental statistical approach to the problem of pattern classification. This technique is based on the assumption that the decision problem is formulated in probabilistic terms, and that all relevant probability values are given. Knowledge of certain statistical parameters is available sometimes, but there might be no information about the PDF type. Depending on the available information, different approaches to determine the missing information are known in the literature. The chapter reviews the maximum likelihood parameter estimation and the maximum entropy estimation as a solution to sort out this problem.
Touching the Interior Structure and Dynamics of Our Nearest Star

Michael Thompson has had a pivotal and continuing role in developing and refining inversion techniques to be applied to the great blossoming of helioseismic data forthcoming from the GONG, MDI (on SOHO) and HMI (on SDO) observational projects. This has enabled major discoveries about the internal differential rotation of the Sun, revealing both a tachocline of shear at the base of its convection zone and a near-surface shear layer near its surface, and of its temporal variations. It has also guided efforts to map subsurface flows of many scales in the convection zone. In parallel with his abiding interests in helioseismology, Michael was very enthusiastic about recent efforts in solar convection and dynamo theory to address what he saw as the outstanding questions about the dynamics proceeding deep within our nearest star, and thus we touch briefly upon some of these here.
Enabling Seamless Execution of Computational and Data Science Workflows on HPC and Cloud with the Popper Container-native Automation Engine

The problem of reproducibility and replication in scientific research is quite prevalent to date. Researchers working in fields of computational science often find it difficult to reproduce experiments from artifacts like code, data, diagrams, and results which are left behind by the previous researchers. The code developed on one machine often fails to run on other machines due to differences in hardware architecture, OS, software dependencies, among others. This is accompanied by the difficulty in understanding how artifacts are organized, as well as in using them in the correct order. Software containers (also known as Linux containers) can be used to address some of these problems, and thus researchers and developers have built scientific workflow engines that execute the steps of a workflow in separate containers. Existing container-native workflow engines assume the availability of infrastructure deployed in the cloud or HPC centers. In this paper, we present Popper, a container-native workflow engine that does not assume the presence of a Kubernetes cluster or any service other than a container engine such as Docker or Podman. We introduce the design and architecture of Popper and describe how it abstracts away the complexity of multiple container engines and resource managers, enabling users to focus only on writing workflow logic. With Popper, researchers can build and validate workflows easily in almost any environment of their choice including local machines, Slurm based HPC clusters, CI services, or Kubernetes based cloud computing environments. To exemplify the suitability of this workflow engine, we present a case study where we take an example from machine learning and seamlessly execute it in multiple environments by implementing a Popper workflow for it.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of combined thrombolysis and anticoagulation for pediatric and young adult lower extremity and inferior vena cava thrombosis.

Effective treatment for acute, extensive, symptomatic lower extremity (LE) thrombosis involves thrombolysis in addition to anticoagulation. There is limited available data on the outcomes and safet...
Pregnancy in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: A Safe and Feasible Endeavor.

Concerns over radiation exposure are ubiquitous to all interventional cardiologists; however, fear of exposure during childbearing years disproportionately deters women from entering the field. Thi...
Understanding the information-seeking behavior of pharmacy college faculty, staff, and students: implications for improving embedded librarian services.

Objective: Research was conducted on the embedded librarian program at The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy and the Health Sciences Library to understand how this service is relevant to users and identify the potential for further improvement. This study examined users’ information-seeking behaviors and considered the implications for the effectiveness of the embedded librarian service. Methods : The authors conducted 18 semi-structured interviews of faculty, researchers, and students at the College of Pharmacy to obtain descriptive accounts of how they seek information, manage information, and use the library and library services. The authors examined the interview transcripts through qualitative descriptive analysis. Res ults : The interview responses confirm that users seek information outside of the physical library and tend to ask their peers for information or assistance in obtaining information. They mostly feel comfortable in searching, but some of them may lack sufficient search skills and tend to use a few known databases. While those who are familiar with the librarian seek the librarian’s assistance more often, others tend not to seek the librarian’s assistance. The ways they manage information vary, which requires customized assistance. Conclusions: The close proximity of a physically embedded librarian is beneficial to users and positions the librarian to provide proactive assistance in the existing user information-seeking behavior environment. While some users do not seek assistance, the embedded librarian can provide proactive assistance in such areas as making users aware of other database options and helping them choose relevant databases and effectively manage information.
The Haitians: A Decolonial History: Jean Casimir, Translated by Laurent Dubois with a Foreword by Walter D. Mignolo. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 2020, xxix, 419 pp., $95, ISBN 9781469651545 (cloth); $34.95—ISBN 9781469660486 (paper); $26.99—ISBN 9781469660493 (ebook).

Jean Casimir’s The Haitians: A Decolonial History begins with an epigraph from Franketienne’s Voix Marassas: ‘If we don’t sit/on the same hill/we won’t see/the same plain’ (p.1). It is a fitting op...
Writing Love in the Thirteenth Nouvelle

Abstract This article explores some of the ways in which the Heptameron's thirteenth nouvelle plays upon epistolary expectations established by medieval letter-writing traditions, and it suggests how sixteenth-century epistolary exchange had shifted from its medieval antecedents, particularly in regard to the materiality of letters. It also considers the implications of Marguerite's epistolary play for the letter-writing landscape and for the subject at the very heart of the Heptameron: love, and the fictions we necessarily engage in writing about it.
Chapter 6 Modeling Spatial Snow Pack Dynamics

Theme Ecological processes are strongly influenced by climate drivers as well as by the landscape in which they are embedded, with the interactions between these influences resulting in complex phenomena. It is imperative to have a strong understanding of these attributes of an ecosystem as a foundation for ecological investigations. In mid- to high-latitude environments snow pack may be present for five to eight months each year and represents an abiotic attribute of fundamental importance to large mammal ecology. Capturing the dynamic heterogeneity of snow pack at temporal and spatial scales relevant to large mammal communities is extremely challenging. Thus, most studies of large mammal ecology have either ignored snow pack dynamics or used surrogates for snow pack such as elevation and aspect. However, snow pack attributes are determined by many influences. The large-scale orographic influence of mountain ranges and valleys determines the overall distribution of precipitation and, hence, snow water equivalent. But many influences such as solar radiation, dense forest cover, and exposure to high winds act at highly localized scales to reduce snow pack accumulation. The Madison headwaters system of central Yellowstone National Park provides a good template for evaluating these interactions, as it is a highly heterogeneous landscape experiencing heavy snow pack (Figure 6.1) and is strongly influenced by geothermals and high winds. We described the integration of climate and landscape databases, as well as rigorous field sampling of snow pack, to develop and validate a spatially distributed, physically-based snow pack simulation model. We used this model to provide a variety of snow pack metrics for 16 of the Chapters in this book ( Chapter 8–11, 13, 16–17, 18–23, and 27–29 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 13 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 ).
Reliability and validity of disability questions for US Census 2000.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the validity and proxy reliability of 7 new disability questions from the 2000 US census ("Census 2000"). METHODS: A total of 131 people with disabilities and their proxies from St Louis, Mo, and Massachusetts were interviewed, and responses were compared for concordance. Responses also were compared with responses to questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) instrument. RESULTS: Overall, proxies reported more impairment than did people with disabilities, and agreement was low (kappa = 0.24-0.55). Concordance was moderate between the census questions and their BRFSS and ADL counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: The Census 2000 questions may not provide an accurate profile of disability in America.
On distributed convex optimization under inequality and equality constraints via primal-dual subgradient methods

We consider a general multi-agent convex optimization problem where the agents are to collectively minimize a global objective function subject to a global inequality constraint, a global equality constraint, and a global constraint set. The objective function is defined by a sum of local objective functions, while the global constraint set is produced by the intersection of local constraint sets. In particular, we study two cases: one where the equality constraint is absent, and the other where the local constraint sets are identical. We devise two distributed primal-dual subgradient algorithms which are based on the characterization of the primal-dual optimal solutions as the saddle points of the Lagrangian and penalty functions. These algorithms can be implemented over networks with changing topologies but satisfying a standard connectivity property, and allow the agents to asymptotically agree on optimal solutions and optimal values of the optimization problem under the Slater's condition.
Robust pseudolinearization of nonlinear systems

Based on strict matching conditions and a linear parameterization assumption, a certainty equivalence control law to pseudolinearize nonlinear systems in the presence of parametric uncertainty is designed. Stability of the origin and state regulation are guaranteed in the vicinity of any equilibrium point of the nonlinear system. These are the first results reported for the pseudolinearization of a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameter knowledge. >
Toxicogenomic Studies of the Rat Brain at an Early Time Point Following Acute Sarin Exposure

We have studied sarin-induced global gene expression patterns at an early time point (2 h: 0.5×LD50) using Affymetrix Rat Neurobiology U34 chips and male Sprague–Dawley rats. A total of 46 genes showed statistically significant alterations from control levels. Three gene categories contained more of the altered genes than any other groups: ion channel (8 genes) and calcium channel and binding proteins (6 genes). Alterations were also found in the following gene groups: ATPases and ATP-based transporters (4), growth factors (4), G-protein-coupled receptor pathway-related molecules (3), neurotransmission and neurotransmitter transporters (3), cytoskeletal and cell adhesion molecules (2), hormones (2), mitochondria-associated proteins (2), myelin proteins (2), stress-activated molecules (2), cytokine (1), caspase (1), GABAnergic (1), glutamergic (1), immediate early gene (1), prostaglandin (1), transcription factor (1), and tyrosine phosphorylation molecule (1). Persistent alteration of the following genes also were noted: Arrb1, CaMKIIa, CaMKIId, Clcn5, IL-10, c-Kit, and Plp1, suggesting altered GPCR, kinase, channel, and cytokine pathways. Selected genes from the microarray data were further validated using relative RT-PCR. Some of those genes (GFAP, NF-H, CaMKIIa, Calm, and MBP) have been shown by other laboratories and ours, to be involved in the pathogenesis of sarin-induced pathology and organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Induction of both proapoptotic (Bcl2l11, Casp6) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-X) genes, besides suppression of p21, suggest complex cell death/protection-related mechanisms operating early on. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the expression data confirmed that the changes in gene expression are a function of sarin exposure, since the control and treatment groups separated clearly. Our model (based on current and previous studies) indicates that both degenerative and regenerative pathways are activated early and contribute to the level of neurodegeneration at a later time, leading to neuro-pathological alterations.
Vertical distribution of the necrophagous amphipod, Eurythenes gryllus, in the North Pacific: spatial and temporal variation

Abstract Necrophagous amphipods of the species Eurythenes gryllus were caught at distances up to 1400m above the sea floor during 23 deployments of baited trap lines. The fishing efforts at four abyssal stations along a transect of the central and North Pacific yielded a total of 718 amphipods in June and an additional 749 amphipods at teh westernmost station (CNP) in November 1982. E. gryllus was caught at higher altitudes in the deeper more oligotrophic stations of the central gyre area. Maximum catch rates occurred near the bottom at altitudes ⩽50 m, but decreased above 50 m at the three western stations. Catch rates in June, summed for all altitudes, were highest at Sta. F on the western boundary of the California Current [37.27 ± 15.38 amphipods (fishing day) −1 substation −1 ] and lowest at Sta. C, the station closest to the California coast [1.15 ± 1.09 amphepods (fishing day) −1 substation −1 ]. Larger animals were cuaght at the higher altitudes across the transect. Seasonal comparison of catch at the westernmost station (CNP) revealed higher catch rates in November than in June [81.01 ± 62.88 and 25.38 ± 17.99 amphipods (fishing day) −1 substation −1 , respectively]. Given the observed vertical distribution of E. gryllus , we suggest a testable model in which deep-sea necrophagous amphipods detect and locate large food falls using a combination of mechanoreception and chemoreception. Other feeding strategies such as predation are also explored.
Approaches to cardinal utility

In a previous article (see [3]) a system of axioms is proposed stating conditions which are necessary and sufficient to determine a cardinal utility function on any set, finite or infinite, of outcomes X. The present paper discusses and interprets the meaning of those axioms, and compares this new approach to cardinal utility with the utility differences approach proposed by Alt and Frisch, among others, and with the expected utility approach of von-Neuman and Morgenstern. The notion of repetition of the same choice situation is presented and its interpretation discussed. It is then argued that this notion leads naturally to the system of axioms presented in ‘On Cardinal Utility’. It is also argued that this notion must be used if we want to have a more clear understanding of the meaning of the axioms proposed by Alt and Frisch. Finally, it is remarked that since uncertainty is not present in the new approach, it is free of the paradoxes that have plagued the expected utility hypothesis.
Resveratrol regulates PTEN/Akt pathway through inhibition of MTA1/HDAC unit of the NuRD complex in prostate cancer.

Abstract Metastasis associated protein 1 (MTA1) is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NuRD) complex which mediates gene silencing and is overexpressed in several cancers. We reported earlier that resveratrol, a dietary stilbene found in grapes, can down-regulate MTA1. In the present study, we show that PTEN is inactivated by MTA1 in prostate cancer cells. Further, we show that resveratrol promotes acetylation and reactivation of PTEN via inhibition of the MTA1/HDAC complex, resulting in inhibition of the Akt pathway. In addition, we show that MTA1 knockdown is sufficient to augment acetylation of PTEN indicating a crucial role of MTA1 itself in the regulation of PTEN acetylation contributing to its lipid phosphatase activity. Acetylated PTEN preferentially accumulates in the nucleus where it binds to MTA1. We also show that MTA1 interacts exclusively with PTEN acetylated on Lys 125 and Lys 128 , resulting in diminished p-Akt levels. Finally, using orthotopic prostate cancer xenografts, we demonstrate that both resveratrol treatment and MTA1 knockdown enhance PTEN levels leading to a decreased p-Akt expression and proliferation index. Taken together, our results indicate that MTA1/HDAC unit is a negative regulator of PTEN which facilitates survival pathways and progression of prostate cancer and that resveratrol can reverse this process through its MTA1 inhibitory function.
STOCHASTIC BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS IN THE CENTRAL STAR OF PLANETARY NEBULA NGC 6826

One year of continuous Kepler Space Telescope data for the central object of planetary nebula NGC?6826 (KIC 12071221) were analyzed. KIC 12071221 has long-cadence light curves with stochastic brightness variations and broadband power spectra. The exception is a one-month long period during which variability was detected with a period of 14.8?hr. In search of the origin of this periodicity and in an attempt to better understand the complex NGC?6826 system, long-cadence KIC 12071221 data were analyzed using nonlinear time series methods. Nonlinear projective noise reduction from a phase-space dimension of six lowered the tail of the power spectra at the higher frequencies by factors of 38-133, an unexpected result for light curves with no obvious dominant frequencies. Even more notable is the identification of a structured distribution of trajectories, or coherence, in the reconstructed phase space for vectors spanning an interval of 1.5?hr. Organization weakens as the delay increases and is lost for phase-space vectors spanning times longer than 10?hr. This may be indicative of a binary object which shares a common envelope and/or pulsations but for a complete understanding one or both may have to be combined with wind structure. Thus, an estimate is made of the timescale of the response to what we propose is stochastic driving. This estimate of the timescale of the organized response is made by monitoring the loss of structure in the distribution of trajectories in phase space, a novel application of nonlinear methodology that may be used on data sampled with any sampling time.