cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and stability relations of wairakite, CaAl 2 Si 4 O 12 ·2H 2 O

Hydrothermal investigation of the bulk composition CaO·Al2O3·4SiO2 + excess H2O has been conducted using conventional techniques over the temperature range 200–500° C and 500–5,000 bars P fluid. The fully ordered wairakite was synthesized unequivocally in the laboratory, probably for the first time. The gradual, sluggish and continuous transformation from disordered to ordered wairakite evidently accounts for failure by previous investigators to synthesize ordered wairakite in runs of week-long duration. The dehydration of metastable disordered wairakite to metastable hexagonal anorthite, quartz and H2O has been determined; this reaction takes place at temperatures exceeding 400° C, even at fluid pressures of 500 bars or less. The upper P fluid-T boundary of the disordered phase is equivalent to the maximum temperature curve of synthetic wairakite presented by previous investigators. The hydrothermal breakdown of natural wairakite above its stability limit appears to be a very slow process. The equilibrium dehydration of wairakite to anorthite, quartz and H2O occurs at 330±5° C at 500 bars, 348±5° C at 1,000 bars, 372±5° C at 2,000 bars and 385±5° C at 3,000 bars. Where fluid pressure equals total pressure, the thermal stability range of wairakite is about 100° C wide. At lower temperatures wairakite reacts with H2O to form laumontite. Reconnaissance experiments dealing with the effect of CO2 on stabilities of calcium zeolites suggest that wairakite or laumontite may be replaced by the assemblage calcite + montmorillonite in the presence of a CO2-bearing fluid phase. The determined P fluid -T field of wairakite is compatible with field observations in some metamorphic terrains where it is related to the shallow emplacement of granitic magma and with direct pressure-temperature measurements in certain active geothermal areas. Under inferred conditions of higher μCO2/μH2O ratios, essentially unmetamorphosed rocks grade directly into those characteristic of the greenschist facies; moderately high values of μCO2 in carbonate-bearing rocks result in the downgrade extension of the greenschist facies at the expense of zeolite-bearing assemblages.
Steady state hot atom kinetic theory model calculations. Time dependent rate coefficients for the nonthermal 18F + H2 reaction

Abstract This paper briefly summarizes the methodology and results for a new type of hot atom kinetic theory model calculation. The microscopic time dependence for the nuclear recoil 18F + H2 reaction is characterized using the steady state kinetic theory of hot atom reactions. The relaxing hot atom laboratory momentum distribution is represented using a local equilibrium model. The calculated results illustrate the nature and significance of quasi steady state reaction rate coefficients and of the dynamical coupling between reactive heating and nonreactive cooling phenomena. Under nuclear recoil conditions the nonthermal 18F + H2 reaction, which exhibits a total hot yield of 100%, fails to establish a high temperature steady state.
Relation of C-Reactive Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha to Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability in Healthy Adults

Elevated blood pressure (BP) variability has been linked to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, but the biological factors which promote elevated BP variability are not entirely understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine whether inflammatory factors might be associated with elevated BP variability during 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Subjects were 140 healthy, normotensive adults. Inflammatory markers included C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Blood pressure variability was calculated as the within-subject standard deviation of BP values obtained during the daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour periods. In linear regression models that were adjusted for mean BP and other factors, CRP quartiles were positively associated with daytime systolic BP variability; for subjects in the lowest to highest CRP quartiles, the mean within-subject standard deviations of daytime systolic BP were 9.31, 9.62, 10.55, and 11.17, respectively (p for linear trend = .001). C-reactive protein showed similar positive associations with nighttime and 24-hour systolic BP variability. In contrast, TNF-α was not independently associated with systolic BP variability during any of the time periods. With respect to diastolic BP variability, we found significant positive associations between CRP and diastolic BP variability during all time periods, and between TNF-α and daytime diastolic BP variability. In conclusion, there are positive associations between markers of inflammation and BP variability in healthy, normotensive adults, suggesting that inflammation may be one of the factors that promotes increased BP variability.
Thermal and mechanical finite element modeling of laser forming from metal and ceramic powders

A 3D thermomechanical finite element model including the effect of the powder-to-solid transition has been developed to investigate the transient temperature, transient stresses, residual stresses and warpage of the component made of multiple materials produced using a laser-assisted layer-by-layer fabrication approach. The model encompasses the effects of the temperature- and porosity-dependent thermal conduction and radiation as well as the temperature-dependent natural convection. It is found that changing from the initial solid elements to powder elements results in higher temperature gradients, larger transient and residual stresses, and increased warpage. Mechanisms responsible for these phenomena are discussed based on heat transfer capabilities and constraints resulting from different initial materials.
Test-retest reliability of a psychometric instrument designed to measure physical therapy students' burnout.

The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of scores on an instrument designed to measure physical therapy students' burnout. Physical therapy students (28 juniors and 28 seniors) completed an adapted educator's version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory on two occasions within a week interval. At each testing session, a separate score was obtained for each student for the three (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) subscales of the instrument. These scores, analyzed with a two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance, indicated a significant difference in the personal accomplishment score between the junior and senior students during the two time frames. Scheffe post hoc tests showed that the junior students reported higher personal accomplishment affect at both testing sessions than the senior students. Both junior and senior students reported higher personal accomplishment at retest than at baseline testing. A test-retest reliability coefficient of .850 was obtained for the Depersonalization subscale; .907 and .715 were obtained for the Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment subscales, respectively.
A study of ethane decomposition in a shock tube using laser absorption of CH3

The rate coefficient for the unimolecular reaction, C2H6 CH3 + CH3, was measured in reflected shock wave experiments using narrow-linewidth laser absorption of methyl radicals at 216.6 nm. The experiments were conducted in the falloff regime at the conditions 1350 to 2110 K, 0.58 to 4.4 atm, in 50 to 500 ppm C2H6/Ar and 190 ppm C2H6/N2 mixtures. At temperatures below 1500 K, the measured rate coefficients are in good agreement with the expression of Wagner and Wardlaw (1989). Above 1500 K, the measurements fall increasingly below their predictions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of pre- and post-service performance on consumer evaluation of online retailers

This study examines the effect of consumers' pre- and post-service encounter performance (SEP) on their satisfaction and repurchase intention in online markets. Specifically, we suggest that, in an online context, the different service performances: pre- and post-Service over time, affects consumer evaluation (i.e., overall satisfaction and repurchase intention) of a vendor. We introduce the experience-dissonance process in this research by integrating cognitive consistency theory as well as expectation-confirmation theory in order to investigate the consumer satisfaction formation processes in online transactions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids in L cells stimulated by antibody.

Binding antibodies to surface membranes stimulated incorporation of fatty acids (FA) into phospholipids of L cells. Antibodies stimulated at least a 3.4-fold greater incorporation of arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol than into any other class of phospholipid when compared on a molar basis (p<0.003). This enhanced incorpoation was selective, depending on the character of the FA, because antibodies stimulated the incorporation of arachidonic acid at least 2.4-fold more than oleic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid (p<0.001). Surprisingly, an antibody-stimulated incorporation of palmitic acid into sphingomyelin (SM) was at least 2.2-fold greater than that into any other class of phospholipid (p<0.001) and the antibody-stimulated incorporation of palmitic acid into SM was at least 60-fold greater than that of arachidonic acid, stearic or oleic acid (p<0.001). Nontoxic doses of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), dexamethasone, 4-bromophenacylbromide and indomethacin inhibited the antibody-stimulated incorporation of arachidonic acid into cellular phospholipids, principally phosphatidylinositol (PI), and similarly inhibited the antibody stimulation of DNA synthesis. We conclude that when antibody binds to surface antigens on L cells, a rapid and selective incorporation of fatty acids into certain cellular phospholipids occurs, possibly mediated by calcium-dependent phospholipases. Degradation products of arachidonic acid, i.e., prostaglandins, may be important in these antibody stimulation events, as well. These early changes in phospholipid metabolism may serve as an important signal or mechanism for the subsequent stimulation of DNA synthesis in L cells.
The validity limits of physical theories: response to the preceding Letter☆

In the preceding Letter by Marijan Ribaric and Luka Sustersic, “Qualitative properties of an equation of motion of a classical point charge”, the authors criticize a Letter of mine [1] concerning an equation that I called “the correct equation of motion of a classical point charge”. This equation was first derived by Landau and Lifshitz [2]. Later, it was proven by Spohn [3] to be the restriction of the Lorentz–Abraham–Dirac (LAD) equation to its critical surface. I shall therefore refer to that equation as the LLS equation. The criticism contained in the preceding Letter consists in the demonstration that the LLS equation has properties that are physically inadmissible. They point out that they had previously argued in support of a hypothesis that this equation (as well as the LAD equation) is only asymptotically valid when the external forces are small and slowly varying. In the following, I shall respond to their criticism of my Letter. I shall show that the validity limits of classical electrodynamics exclude from consideration the kind of external forces presented in the preceding Letter. Since the LLS equation (including its derivation) is part of classical electrodynamics, it is restricted by the same
Congenital bowing of the tibia due to infantile lipofibromatosis corrected with a Taylor Spatial Frame

Congenital lipofibromatosis is a rare slow growing benign fibrofatty neoplasm presenting in childhood. The case of a boy presenting soon after birth with diffuse lower extremity enlargement associated with a significant tibial deformity is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging and soft tissue biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lipofibromatosis. The child started having problems with his gait after the age of two. The tibial bowing was corrected gradually using a Taylor Spatial Frame resulting in a good clinical outcome.
Analysis of Individual Variability among Older Adults on the Stroop Color Word Interference Test

The present study examines systematic variation in the pattern of response to the Stroop test among a sample of older adults (N = 41), as well as the extent to which various configural patterns of response are related to other individual difference factors. Pattern analysis identified four reasonably prototypic patterns of performance. Three significant discriminant functions, capable of differentiating the four response patterns, were significantly and uniquely related to age, level of cautiousness, and verbal intelligence, respectively. The analyses suggest that performance on the Stroop test is multidimensional with significant variation among older adults, and that different components of performance are differentially related to unique individual difference variables. The findings reinforce the importance of recognizing and understanding the nature of individual variation among elderly individuals in aging research.
Three generations and a large top-quark mass

We interpret the recent discovery by MkII at the SLC that the number of massless neutrino generations is 3 to mean that the family symmetry is indeedSU(3), so that our «low energy» symmetry group isSU(2)L×U1×SU(3)c×SU(3)f, where low now means small compared to the Planck mass. A possible model with a large top-quark mass is exhibited. The model is made complete by analogy with the originalSU(3)flavor model of Gell-Mann. In fact, if the latter analogy is pursued literally, it leads tomt≅65.8−8.5+39.7 GeV. Such a value is currently still viable.
An industrial hygiene calibration manifold

The industrial hygiene calibration manifold provides a continuous, stable, dynamic, reproducible vapor sample in the concentration range of fractional to thousands of parts per million. The principle of operation is the gravimetric determination of the sample diffusion or permeation rate and the measurement of total volumetric flow. The manifold consists of the following components: an organic-free air system, vapor jacketed diffusion-permeation chamber, jacketed mu/ticomponent Venturi-type mixing manifold, exponential dilution flask and jacketed sampling manifold. This manifold can be used to validate or calibrate various industrial hygiene analyses such as charcoal and detector tube technology, impinger techniques, respirator cartridge testing, and various survey instruments.
Selective RAF inhibitor impairs ERK1/2 phosphorylation and growth in mutant NRAS, vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells

The RAF inhibitor vemurafenib achieves remarkable clinical responses in mutant BRAF melanoma patients. However, vemurafenib is burdened by acquired drug resistance and by the side effects associated with its paradoxical activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in wild-type BRAF cells. This paradoxical effect has driven the development of a new class of RAF inhibitors. Here, we tested one of these selective, non-paradox-inducing RAF inhibitors termed paradox-breaker-04 (PB04) or PLX7904. Consistent with its design, PB04 is able to efficiently inhibit activation of ERK1/2 in mutant BRAF melanoma cells but does not hyperactivate ERK1/2 in mutant RAS-expressing cells. Importantly, PB04 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in mutant BRAF melanoma cells with acquired resistance to vemurafenib/PLX4720 that is mediated by a secondary mutation in NRAS. Consistent with ERK1/2 reactivation driving the re-acquisition of malignant properties, PB04 promoted apoptosis and inhibited entry into S phase and anchorage-independent growth in mutant N-RAS-mediated vemurafenib-resistant cells. These data indicate that paradox-breaker RAF inhibitors may be clinically effective as a second-line option in a cohort of acquired vemurafenib-resistant patients.
Iron, sulfur, and chlorophyll deficiencies: A need for an integrative approach in plant physiology

Green plants deficient in nitrogen, sulfur, or iron develop a similar yellow coloration. In each case, the yellow coloration is accompanied by a lowered chlorophyll concentration. This review attempts to collate some of the biochemical information concerning these three seemingly diverse nutritive deficiencies and bares a need for a more integrative approach to plant physiology. The biochemical and biological roles of nitrogen, sulfur and iron in living systems are examined, with emphasis on sulfur and iron. Mechanistically, iron and/or sulfur are highly reactive components of many enzymes. Indeed, iron and sulfur sometimes form Fe 2 S 2 , Fe 3 S 4 , or Fe 4 S 4 clusters which are very active electron transfer agents. Recently, iron-sulfur clusters have been reported to serve as sensors of oxidative stress, to couple photosynthesis with several metabolic pathways, to participate in the reduction of sulfite and nitrite, and to participate in regulation of gene expression. Thus, there are several mechanisms by which a deficiency of nitrogen, sulfur, or iron could produce the same low-chlorophyll, yellow phenotype in plants. Unless the interactions and coordination of the various pathways connected to chlorophyll synthesis are elucidated, it is unlikely that we will select the quickest and most direct path to plant improvement.
Microbial Contamination of In-Use Ocular Medications

Two hundred twenty in-use medications from 101 patients with non-microbial ocular surface disease were studied by sterile culture of the bottle caps, a drop produced by simple inversion, and the interior contents. Conjunctival cultures were taken from these patients and 50 aged-matched controls. Pathogenic organisms were harvested from conjunctivae significantly more frequently (p < 0.01) from cases (34%) than from controls (10%). Twenty-nine percent of medications had microorganisms cultured from at least one medication site. Gram negative organisms were significantly more likely (p < 0.00001) to be isolated from all medication sites than gram positive organisms. Forty-nine percent of the gram negatives, but none of the pathogenic gram positives (p < 0.01), isolated from the conjunctivae were also found in the drops of their associated medications. We conclude that this cycle of contamination between in-use medications and conjunctivae may represent an important risk factor for microbial keratitis in patients with ocular surface disease.
A system to study the effect of particle sizes in aerosols on the collection efficiency in impaction-electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract The construction and use of a box system for a preliminary qualitative study of the effect of various dry aerosols, in the range 1 to 120 microns in size, on the collection efficiency of a single stage impactor connected to an electrothermal atomizer is described. Using a fixed flow rate of 5 L/min, jet diameter of 1 mm, and an uncoated graphite surface, particles 85 microns were not collected on the impaction surface. The jet-to-impaction surface was evaluated at a distance of 2 and 8 mm. It appeared that a jet-to-impaction distance of 8 mm gave improved collection efficiency of larger particles (> 50 microns).
Improved knowledge retention among clinical pharmacy students using an anthropology classroom assessment technique.

Objective. To adapt a classroom assessment technique (CAT) from an anthropology course to a diabetes module in a clinical pharmacy skills laboratory and to determine student knowledge retention from baseline. Design. Diabetes item stems, focused on module objectives, replaced anthropology terms. Answer choices, coded to Bloom’s Taxonomy, were expanded to include higher-order thinking. Students completed the online 5-item probe 4 times: prelaboratory lecture, postlaboratory, and at 6 months and 12 months after laboratory. Statistical analyses utilized a single factor, repeated measures design using rank transformations of means with a Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Assessment. The CAT revealed a significant increase in knowledge from prelaboratory compared to all postlaboratory measurements (p<0.0001). Significant knowledge retention was maintained with basic terms, but declined with complex terms between 6 and 12 months. Conclusion. The anthropology assessment tool was effectively adapted using Bloom’s Taxonomy as a guide and, when used repeatedly, demonstrated knowledge retention. Minimal time was devoted to application of the probe making it an easily adaptable CAT.
Chinese Foreign Policy Making 2010–2011: Using the Cultural Approach to Explain Complexity

The rising economic strength of China over the past decade has aroused concern over the imbalance of global power. Research on Chinese foreign policy has again become of critical importance to the study of international relations and comparative politics. This article will begin with an overview of pertinent studies, categorizing them into cultural and non-cultural approaches, then it will re-examine the methodological problems associated with studying Chinese foreign policy making. Essentially, this article argues that that any research approach can generate methodological mistakes if undertaken without due care and attention. Rather, a multi-approach with emphasis on cultural factors will be a good model for future study. In other words, we have advocated an improved synergy of rational choice, structural, and cultural approaches. In the case study of Chinese foreign policy making between 2010 and 2011, the multi-approach provided a comprehensive picture of the Chinese thinking process behind seemingly irrational or illogical policy choices. It was the rising sense of frustration, the combination of over-confidence and self-doubt, which made foreign policy choices reflect the national interests at certain times and not at other times.
Computation of determinantal subset influence in regression

One of the important goals of regression diagnostics is the detection of cases or groups of cases which have an inordinate impact on the regression results. Such observations are generally described as ‘influential’. A number of influence measures have been proposed, each focusing on a different aspect of the regression. For single cases, these measures are relatively simple and inexpensive to calculate. However, the detection of multiple-case or joint influence is more difficult on two counts. First, calculation of influence for a single subset is more involved than for an individual case, and second, the sheer number of subsets of cases makes the computation overwhelming for all but the smallest data sets.
Bone-marrow relapse in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Summary Marrow relapse is the major obstacle to cure for 10–15% of young patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Recent investigations into the biology of minimal residual disease indicate that many early relapses derive from residual cells present at first diagnosis, but some late relapses might represent new mutations in leukaemic cells not eliminated by conventional therapy. Treatment of marrow relapse involves higher doses and more intensive schedules of the drugs used for initial therapy with or without haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. In most reports, transplantation is better than continuation chemotherapy in early marrow relapse, but its role in later relapse is less clear. Current therapy cures 10% of patients with early marrow relapses and 50% of those with late relapses, but outcomes have changed little in the past two decades. Understanding the molecular biology of ALL underlies development of improved risk stratification and new therapies. Although better drugs are needed, introduction of new agents into clinical trials in paediatric disease has been difficult. Innovative trial designs and use of valid surrogate endpoints may expedite this process.
Putting the State on the Map: Cartography, Territory, and European State Formation

Looking at any wall map or atlas, we see a world composed of states. The earth's surface is divided into distinct state territories. Each is demarcated by a linear boundary, an edge dividing one sovereignty from the next. The division is accentuated when each territory is blocked out in a separate color from neighboring states, implying that its interior is a homogeneous space, traversed evenly by state sovereignty. Our world is a jigsaw of territorial states, and we take this picture for granted. Thus our historical atlases show medieval Christendom also divided into demarcated and homogeneous territories, though perhaps less neatly (see, for example, McEvedy 1992). Only the configuration is different. Familiar to us, such a depiction would have been utterly unknown to people at the time, who rarely used maps to represent geographical information and did not imagine states (or rather realms) as enclosed spaces. The transformation of their world into oursâ€”the way the state was put on the mapâ€”is the subject of this essay.
Some factors affecting resistance of mice to experimental histoplasmosis.

SummaryWhite Swiss male mice 8 to 12 weeks of age were more susceptible to intraperitoneal inoculations of yeast phase H. capsulatum than mice 14 weeks or more in age. Mice surviving previous sub-lethal infections were more resistant to subsequent challenge 6 weeks later. Vaccination with heat-killed yeast phase antigens resulted in a decrease in the number of fatal infections following massive challenge 6 weeks later.
Endobronchial-ultrasound guided miniforceps biopsy of mediastinal and hilar lesions

Background Linear array endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has greatly improved the diagnostic yield of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma though its yield in granulomatous disease and lymphoproliferative disorders is less robust. The EBUS-miniforceps biopsy (MFB) uses miniforceps and the convex probe EBUS bronchoscope to obtain forceps biopsies of centrally located lesions under continuous ultrasound guidance. In this prospective study we evaluate the efficacy of this technique for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar abnormalities in patients with a low suspicion for non-small cell lung carcinoma. Methods Patients presenting with mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy and a low likelihood of non-small cell lung carcinoma underwent EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MFB of mediastinal and hilar abnormalities. The diagnostic yield EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MFB was compared as was the combined yield of both techniques versus either technique alone. Results Between June 2008 and July 2010, 50 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MFB of 74 lymph node stations. The overall diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MFB was 81% (60 of 74) and 91% (67 of 74), respectively ( p = 0.09). When the 2 techniques were combined, the overall diagnostic yield was 97% (72 of 74) ( p Conclusions The EBUS-miniforceps biopsy is an effective, safe, and efficient method of obtaining histopathologic specimens from mediastinal and hilar abnormalities in patients with a low likelihood of non-small cell lung carcinoma, particularly when the technique is combined with EBUS-TBNA.
Application of a maximum torque per ampere control strategy for DSRM drives

Discrete-switched reluctance machine (DSRM) drives represent a new class of reluctance machine in which stator phases are magnetically independent of each other. This machine type is very suitable for in-wheel propulsion applications such as those in the automotive area. Due to the absence of mutual coupling between windings there are many possible control strategies that may be employed for control, and that furthermore may be simplified in nature with respect of conventional machine topologies. This work presents a maximum torque per ampere control strategy that seeks to minimize the rms phase current at all angles for a given torque, thus providing the basis for an efficient machine. This work will be specifically applied to a 5-phase DSRM.
Understanding the mode of action of diphtheria toxin: a perspective on progress during the 20th century

Diphtheria toxin is one of the most extensively studied and well understood bacterial toxins. Ever since its discovery in the late 1800's this toxin has occupied a central focus in the field of toxinology. In this review, I present a chronology of major discoveries that led to our current understanding of the structure and activity of diphtheria toxin.
Extracting Geometric Features from Clouds of Points Using Sweeping

AbstractReverse Engineering involves data acquisition, CAD model building, and manufacturing of the parts based on the obtained models. The algorithms are presented to extract basic geometric features for mechanical parts from Clouds of Points (COP) data using sweeping techniques. Geometric features are classified into two broad categories: Basic and Advanced. The former includes polyhedra and swept models. The swept models fall into three subcategories: translational, rotational, and general. The advanced features are defined on basic features in terms of Boolean operations. This classification is based on global characteristics of mechanical parts. The Feature-based Reverse Engineering System (FRES) is under development based on this theory and should be, when completed, capable of inferring the shapes of missing or worn-out parts and refurbishing legacy parts which were manufactured many decades ago and have no CAD documents nor spare parts.
The Uniform Guidelines and Personnel Selection: Identify and Fix the Right Problem

McDaniel, Kepes, and Banks (2011) argue that the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Civil Service Commission, Department of Labor, and Department of Justice, 1978) ‘‘have substantial influence’’ on personnel selection but are ‘‘inaccurate and inconsistent with professional practice’’ as summarized in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education, 1999) and Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Procedures (SIOP, 2003). Without a doubt, the phrasing in the 1978 Uniform Guidelines is dated (and inscrutable in places) and reflects the state of the art more than 3 decades ago. But surely things such as the current way to discuss what was formerly called content validity cannot have given rise to the use of personnel practices unsupported by scientific evidence, the gerrymandering of personnel selection practices, and a general disregard of the
Electrophysiologic Responses of Human Sural Nerve to Temperature

The purpose of this study was to assess the conduction, specifically the latency and amplitude of the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), of the sural nerve as a function of intraneural temperature of the leg. The electrophysiologic responses of the sural nerve were determined at different temperatures in 22 healthy adults. Distal sensory latency and amplitude of the sural SNAP was determined at 1 degree C intervals over a limb temperature range of 23 degrees to 40 degrees C. Limb temperature was monitored with a thermistor probe placed subcutaneously near the sural nerve. Ice bath soaks were used for cooling and infrared radiation for warming the limbs. An analysis of covariance was performed for the SNAP latencies and amplitudes to determine the effect of gender and leg (right or left) at each temperature level. No effect of gender or leg on neural conduction was detected in individual subjects. A regression analysis was then used on pooled data to determine the effect of temperature on sural SNAP latency and amplitude. An inverse linear change in the latency of sural SNAP was observed over the temperature ranges used. Mean latency increased 0.1 msec per 1 degree C increase in subcutaneous temperature. A direct relationship between amplitude of the SNAP and temperature was determined. Mean amplitude increased 0.3 muV per 1 degree C increase in subcutaneous temperature. The results of this study support previous reports, which state that SNAP latency is indirectly related to the intraneural temperature. Clinical electromyographers must monitor the temperature of the lower leg and foot whenever sensorineural conduction of the lower limbs is performed.
Thermal conductivity of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and its constituents

Up to the present, most work on the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been empirical in nature. Very recent advances have demonstrated that finite-element techniques can be effectively used for modelling asphalt mixing drums in order to optimise the relative proportions of new and recycled materials and to determine the amount of time required to achieve full melting inside of the drum. A necessary prerequisite for the modelling is a definitive knowledge of the thermal conductivities of RAP and its components. This need motivated the present experimental work which encompassed RAP particles, RAP particles with the asphalt binder removed, and pure asphalt binder of different degrees of ageing. Also evaluated were taconite tailings, residual rock from the processing of iron-containing ore, and sand. The tailings have been mentioned as a candidate aggregate. The conductivity results for the solid media were related to three metrics: (a) the size ranges of the solids, (b) the density of the sample a...
Depressed blood group antigens on red cells from a Mexican donor

Red cells from a Mexican blood donor had depressed H, IF, ID, i, Sda, Sdx, D, LW, Dib, Vel and JMH antigens. A wide range of other blood group antigens had normal activity. The unusual red cell phenotype may be caused by a membrane anomaly that alters orientation of certain cell surface components. The specificities of the depressed red cell antigens in this phenomenon differ from those affected in Melanesians with ovalocytosis or in individuals with the In(Lu) inhibitor gene.
Message transmission with timing constraints in ring networks

We consider the message transmission problem in unidirectional slotted ring networks. We consider two operation modes: 1) the evacuation mode, in which all messages arrive before system initialization and no new message arrives during system operation; and 2) the continuation mode, in which new messages may arrive after system initialization. We study the performance of several message scheduling policies with respect to three performance measures: meeting all message deadlines, minimizing the maximum delay or the total length of busy periods, and minimizing the average delay. We show that the least-slack-time-first (LSF) scheduling policy is optimal in evacuation mode operation with respect to meeting all message deadlines, while no optimal scheduling policy can possibly exist for continuation mode operation. For the other two performance measures, we show that in the case when messages may be of variable lengths: 1) the farthest-destination-first (FDF) policy is optimal in terms of minimizing the maximum delay and minimizing the total length of busy periods for evacuation mode and for continuation mode operation, respectively, and 2) no optimal scheduling policy can possibly exist in terms of minimizing the average delay under either evacuation mode or continuation mode operation.
State-of-the-art and future prospects for analogue signal processing-a tutorial

The authors outline the major trends in analog integrated signal processing. It is noted that A/D and D/A converters are becoming the dominant analog components in major systems, and converters that rely on digital postprocessing and error correction are becoming increasingly popular. Though the relative volume of analog integrated circuits continues to shrink, their importance is actually growing, as higher-speed and more complex digital integrated circuits require more advanced analog interfaces. Present evidence and current trends demonstrate that analog interface circuits will continue to evolve as long as integrated circuit technology continues to advance. >
Exploring evaluation methods for ambient information systems

In this paper, we begin by laying out our motivation for exploring methods of evaluating Ambient Information Systems, with a strong push toward in-situ studies. Next, we describe a simple study which was conducted to give us further insight into this research domain. We conclude by discussing the insights gained from our study, and possible ways to improve our evaluation results in future iterations.
Telomeric Protein Distributions and Remodeling Through the Cell Cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, telomeric DNA is protected by a nonnucleosomal protein complex, tethered by the protein Rap1. Rif and Sir proteins, which interact with Rap1p, are thought to have further interactions with conventional nucleosomic chromatin to create a repressive structure that protects the chromosome end. We showed by microarray analysis that Rif1p association with the chromosome ends extends to subtelomeric regions many kilobases internal to the terminal telomeric repeats and correlates strongly with the previously determined genomic footprints of Rap1p and the Sir2-4 proteins in these regions. Although the end-protection function of telomeres is essential for genomic stability, telomeric DNA must also be copied by the conventional DNA replication machinery and replenished by telomerase, suggesting that transient remodeling of the telomeric chromatin might result in distinct protein complexes at different stages of the cell cycle. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we monitored the association of Rap1p, Rif1p, Rif2p, and the protein component of telomerase, Est2p, with telomeric DNA through the cell cycle. We provide evidence for dynamic remodeling of these components at telomeres.
Progress in the Development of Lightweight Nickel Electrode for Nickel-Hydrogen Cell

Development of a high specific energy battery is one of the objectives of the lightweight nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H2) program at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The approach has been to improve the nickel electrode by continuing combined in-house and contract efforts to develop a lighter weight electrode for the nickel-hydrogen cell. Small fiber diameter nickel plaques are used as conductive supports for the nickel hydroxide active material. These plaques are commercial products and have an advantage of increased surface area available for the deposition of active material. Initial tests include activation and capacity measurements at five different discharge levels, C/2, 1.0 C, 1.37 C, 2.0 C, and 2.74 C. The electrodes are life cycle tested using a half-cell configuration at 40 and 80% depths-of-discharge (DOD) in a low-Earth-orbit regime. The electrodes that pass the initial tests are life cycle-tested in a boiler plate nickel-hydrogen cell before flight weight design are built and tested.
Artificial neural network model-based run-to-run process controller

In this paper, we present an artificial neural network (ANN) model-based controller for a batch semiconductor manufacturing process. The proposed controller is an integration of ANN, statistical process control (SPC), and automatic process control (APC) techniques. An ANN model trained with design of experiments (DOE) data is used to map the input-output relation of the process. The controller model is then extracted from the ANN process model by Taylor expansion and inversion. For application to a noisy process, the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) technique is first used to filter out the output noise and detect the process shift/drift. Based on feedback, the controller tunes the settings to compensate for the process shift/drift. Experimental data on a laboratory chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed run-to-run controller. A comparison shows that the proposed controller performs better than other similar controllers. Finally, a total cost criterion is proposed to provide optimum parameters for a run-to-run controller.
LINE-1 ORF1 Protein Localizes in Stress Granules with Other RNA-Binding Proteins, Including Components of RNA Interference RNA-Induced Silencing Complex

LINE-1 retrotransposons constitute one-fifth of human DNA and have helped shape our genome. A full-length L1 encodes a 40-kDa RNA-binding protein (ORF1p) and a 150-kDa protein (ORF2p) with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities. ORF1p is distinctive in forming large cytoplasmic foci, which we identified as cytoplasmic stress granules. A phylogenetically conserved central region of the protein is critical for wild-type localization and retrotransposition. Yeast two-hybrid screens revealed several RNA-binding proteins that coimmunoprecipitate with ORF1p and colocalize with ORF1p in foci. Two of these proteins, YB-1 and hnRNPA1, were previously reported in stress granules. We identified additional proteins associated with stress granules, including DNA-binding protein A, 9G8, and plasminogen activator inhibitor RNA-binding protein 1 (PAI-RBP1). PAI-RBP1 is a homolog of VIG, a part of the Drosophila melanogaster RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Other RISC components, including Ago2 and FMRP, also colocalize with PAI-RBP1 and ORF1p. We suggest that targeting ORF1p, and possibly the L1 RNP, to stress granules is a mechanism for controlling retrotransposition and its associated genetic and cellular damage.
Relationship of size to cooked yield of large tom turkeys.

Abstract The cooked yield of large tom turkeys in three live weight groups (Group 1,34-38.5 lbs; Group 2, 41-44 lbs; Group 3, 46-51 lbs) was studied. All birds were 27 weeks of age. Thirty turkeys of each size were used. Cooking was done at three separate sites. Yield of carvable white meat, carvable dark meat, and other meat (wing, drum, and non-carvable white and dark meat), skin and remainder was measured. Carvable white meat as a percent of precooked weight was significantly greater for Group 2 compared to the other two groups. Although no significant differences were found among groups for the other measurements, there was a trend for the percent of other meat to increase with increasing weight, and for the percent of carvable dark meat to decrease. Meat from all birds exhibited excellent sensory qualities.
Behavioral responses of male Heliothis zea moths in sustained-flight tunnel to combinations of 4 compounds identified from female sex pheromone gland

Each of the four compounds that have been identified from sex pheromone glands ofHeliothis zea female moths was examined for its ability to elicit sexual responses from male moths in a flight tunnel. Males flew upwind to (Z)-11-hexadecenal alone, but greater levels of behavioral activity were evoked with the addition of (Z)-9-hexadecenal to the treatment. Addition of hexadecanal or (Z)-7-hexadecenal to the initial two components had no effect in raising the behavioral response of the males in the flight tunnel whether added singularly at both the normal gland-emission ratio or at varying ratios or in combination at the normal ratio. Live, calling females elicited levels of sexual activity from males not significantly different from that elicited by the mixture of (Z)-11- and (Z)-9-hexadecenal on cotton wicks.
CD44-v6 expression in smooth muscle cells in the postnatal remodeling process of ductus arteriosus.

Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is due to functional constriction followed by wall remodeling, with neointimal formation caused by proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the media to subendothelium. CD44 is a surface cell proteoglycan family. Its isoform, CD44-v6, is only minimally expressed in SMCs in the media of normal arteries, but is highly expressed in SMCs in the intima and media of injured arteries (e.g., atherosclerosis). Twenty-two autopsy DA specimens, 11 from full-term babies (age range 2 days to 5 months) and 11 from premature babies (age range 3 days to 5 months), with varying degrees of ductal wall remodeling, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using antiactin, antifibronectin-extradomain A, anti-leukocyte common antigen, anti-CD44, and anti-CD44-v6. In DA with wall remodeling, synthetic antifibronectin-extradomain A–positive SMCs were evident at the neointimal mounds, and the SMCs were highly positive for the CD44-v6 isoform, irrespective of gestational age at birth. Conversely, SMCs of either closed DAs or persistently patent DAs were CD44-v6 negative. In conclusion, the present data provide evidence that closure of DA involves synthetic SMCs highly positive for CD44-v6, and patent or closed DAs are populated by CD44-v6–negative SMCs.
Proton (or hydroxide) fluxes and the biphasic osmotic response of human red blood cells.

Upon exposure of human red blood cells to hypertonic sucrose, the fluorescence of the potentiometric indicator 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, denoted diS-C3(5), displays a biphasic time course indicating the rapid development of an inside-positive transmembrane voltage, followed by a slow DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene)-sensitive decline of the voltage. In addition to monitoring membrane potential, proton (or hydroxide) fluxes were measured by a pH stat method, cell volume was monitored by light scattering, and cell electrolytes were measured directly when red cells were shrunken either with hypertonic NaCl or sucrose. Shrinkage by sucrose induced an initial proton efflux (or OH- influx) of 5.5 mu eq/g Hb.min and a Cl shift of 21-31 mu eq/g Hb in 15 min. Upon shrinkage with hypertonic NaCl, the cells are initially close to Donnan equilibrium and exhibit no detectable shift of Cl or protons. Experiments with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ethoxzolamide demonstrate that for red cell suspensions exposed to air and shrunken with sucrose, proton fluxes mediated by the Jacobs-Stewart cycle contribute to dissipation of the increased outward Cl concentration gradient. With maximally inhibitory concentrations of ethoxzolamide, a residual proton efflux of 2 mu eq/g Hb.min is insensitive to manipulation of the membrane potential with valinomycin, but is completely inhibited by DIDS. The ethoxzolamide-insensitive apparent proton efflux may be driven against the electrochemical gradient, and is thus consistent with HCl cotransport (or Cl/OH exchange). The data are consistent with predictions of equations describing nonideal osmotic and ionic equilibria of human red blood cells. Thus osmotic equilibration after shrinkage of human red blood cells by hypertonic sucrose occurs in two time-resolved steps: rapid equilibration of water followed by slower equilibration of chloride and protons (or hydroxide). Under our experimental conditions, about two-thirds of the osmotically induced apparent proton efflux is mediated by the Jacobs-Stewart cycle, with the remainder being consistent with mediation via DIDS-sensitive HCl cotransport (or Cl/OH exchange).
Agreement of Urine Specific Gravity Measurements Between Manual and Digital Refractometers

Context: Urine specific gravity (Usg), measured by a handheld manual refractometer (MAN), has been recognized as a valid and practical means of assessing hydration status. Newer, digital refractometers are faster and more user friendly but have not been validated against the traditional MAN. Objective: To compare the reliability and validity of 2 digital refractometer models and a MAN. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Sample of convenience was recruited from the local university and surrounding community (n = 82). Intervention(s): Participants provided multiple urine samples (n = 124) over a 5-month period under various hydration conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Urine specific gravity was compared among a MAN, a digital refractometer requiring the prism to be dipped (DIP) into a urine sample, and a digital refractometer that requires urine to be pipetted (PIP) onto its prism for analysis. Results: The MAN measurements were strongly cor...
Income inequality in the trust game

Abstract This paper presents an experiment measuring how lab-induced income inequality affects trust and trustworthiness. Low endowment subjects paired with high endowment subjects showed more trust than subjects in other pairs; this trust was reciprocated with high trustworthiness.
Awakening the Leader Within: A Story of Transformation

The article presents a review of the book “Awakening the Leader Within: A Story of Transformation,” by Kevin Cashman.