cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explicit inertial range renormalization theory in a model for turbulent diffusion

The inertial range for a statistical turbulent velocity field consists of those scales that are larger than the dissipation scale but smaller than the integral scale. Here the complete scale-invariant explicit inertial range renormalization theory for all the higher-order statistics of a diffusing passive scalar is developed in a model which, despite its simplicity, involves turbulent diffusion by statistical velocity fields with arbitrarily many scales, infrared divergence, long-range spatial correlations, and rapid fluctuations in time-such velocity fields retain several characteristic features of those in fully developed turbulence. The main tool in the development of this explicit renormalization theory for the model is an exact quantum mechanical analogy which relates higher-order statistics of the diffusing scalar to the properties of solutions of a family ofN- body parabolic quantum problems. The canonical inertial range renormalized statistical fixed point is developed explicitly here as a function of the velocity spectral parameterɛ, which measures the strength of the infrared divergence: forɛ 2 a phase transition occurs to a fixed point with anomalous inertial range scaling laws and a non-Gaussian renormalized statistical fixed point. Several explicit connections between the renormalization theory in the model and intermediate asymptotics are developed explicitly as well as links between anomalous turbulent decay and explicit spectral properties of Schrodinger operators. The differences between this inertial range renormalization theory and the earlier theories for large-scale eddy diffusivity developed by Avellaneda and the author in such models are also discussed here.
Conserved regulation of Math5 and Math1 revealed by Math5-GFP transgenes

Retinal ganglion cell genesis requires the proneural bHLH transcription factor Math5 (Atoh7), but little is known about the regulatory elements that control its expression. Here, we investigate Math5 gene regulation using transgenic mice. These mice express GFP in the prenatal retina, live-labeling RGC axon migration and innervation of the brain. Unexpectedly, these Math5-GFP transgenes are also found in Math1 expression domains throughout the nervous system, intriguing since Math5 and Math1 normally exhibit nonoverlapping expression. Furthermore, Math5-GFP and Math1 are regulated similarly, by both Pax6 and Math1 itself, in the lower rhombic lip and dorsal spinal cord. We also show that Pax6 binds to particular Math5 and Math1 regulatory sequences in vitro. Together these data suggest that these atonal semi-orthologues may share conserved regulatory elements that are normally silent in the Math5 gene.
Enteric nervous system: sensory physiology, diarrhea and constipation

Purpose of reviewThe enteric nervous system integrates secretion and motility into homeostatic patterns of behavior susceptible to disorder. Progress in understanding mechanosensory detection in these processes, disordered enteric nervous system integration in diarrhea and constipation and pharmacot
Behavioral Indicators of Interpersonal Attraction1

The laboratory study of attraction is based almost exclusively on verbal measures of the dependent variable. Various findings suggest that the physical distance separating two individuals indicates the degree of attraction between them. In two experiments, attitude similarity between a subject and two stooges was manipulated. Females were more attracted to and sat more closely beside a similar than a dissimilar stranger (p < .01); males were more attracted to and sat directly across from a similar rather than a dissimilar stranger (p < .02).
Nitrogen‐15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 15N19F coupling constants in fluoropyridines and fluoroanilines

Two-to five-bond 15N19F coupling constants have been determined for fluoropyridines, 8-fluoroquinoline, fluoroanilines and fluoroaniline derivatives. Only in 2-fluoropyridine is J(NF) large, and this is associated with a lone pair mediated enhancement of the coupling. Values in fluoroanilines and derivatives are <2Hz. Except for the fluoroanilines themselves, J(NF) decreases inversely with the number of intervening bonds. In the anilines, only 5J(NF) is observable. Possible influences of lone pair interaction and hydrogen bonding are discussed.
Synthesis and evaluation of stable substrate analogs as potential modulators of cyclodiphosphate synthase IspF

Stable IspF substrate analogs were synthesized. In the presence of substrate analogs, the E. coli IspF–MEP complex shows activities distinct from IspF, and bisphosphonates (BP) behave differently than their diphosphate (DP) counterparts. Bisphosphonate analogs activate and/or stabilize IspF, and only the closest structural substrate analog weakly inhibits the IspF–MEP complex.
DJ-1 is Essential for Long-Term Depression at Hippocampal CA1 Synapses

Mutations in DJ-1 cause inherited Parkinson's disease (PD) in several families. The normal function of DJ-1 is unknown, but mice lacking DJ-1 exhibit a deficit in dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. Since the hippocampus contains relatively high levels of DJ-1, and PD patients are often cognitively impaired, we evaluated the effects of DJ-1 deficiency on the plasticity of hippocampal CA1 synapses. LTP was slightly impaired and LTD was abolished in DJ-1-/- mice, whereas DJ-1+/- mice exhibited no alterations in synaptic plasticity. The dopamine receptor D2/3 agonist quinpirole rescued LTD in DJ-1-/- mice, suggesting a role for impaired dopaminergic signaling in the hippocampal LTD deficit.
Stochastic adaptive control of nonminimum phase systems in the presence of unmodelled dynamics

We consider the problem of robust stochastic adaptive control of not necessarily minimum phase systems in the presence of unmodelled dynamics. Stochastic gradient algorithms with parameter projection and modified gain sequence are used for the estimation of the unknown controller parameters. Global stability of the adaptive system is achieved without requiring the strictly positive real condition and the persistency exciting condition to be satisfied.
Phase I study of the c-raf-1 antisense oligonucleotide ISIS 5132 in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background A phase I trial was performed to evaluate the administration of carboplatin/paclitaxel in combination with ISIS-5132, a phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibitor of c- raf -1 kinase expression, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Previously untreated patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC received ISIS 5132 by continuous intravenous infusion at 2.0 mg/kg/d for 14 days. Starting doses were paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 and carboplatin targeting an area under the free platinum plasma concentration-time curve (AUC fp ) of 5 mg · min/ml (dose level 1). The carboplatin dose was then increased to AUC fp 6 mg · min/ml (dose level 2) after which the paclitaxel dose was increased to 200 mg/m 2 (dose level 3). The maximum tolerated dose was established by toxicity during the first two 21-day cycles of therapy. The pharmacokinetics of all three agents was determined before and during the ISIS 5132 infusion. Results Thirteen patients were treated with the carboplatin/paclitaxel/ISIS 5132 combination. Dose-limiting neutropenia occurred in two patients at dose level 3. Grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities were infrequent and limited to nausea and constipation. The maximum tolerated doses were carboplatin AUC fp 6 mg · min/ml, paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 , and ISIS 5132 2.0 mg/kg/d for 14 days. There were no objective responses and the concurrent infusion of ISIS 5132 did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel or total platinum. Conclusion ISIS 5132 can be safely combined with standard doses of carboplatin and paclitaxel. Combining cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents with inhibitors of aberrant signal transduction mediated by Raf proteins produced no objective responses in the dose and schedule administered in this study.
Compaction Alters Physical but Not Biological Indices of Soil Health

Current management and harvesting practices can compact forest soils and degrade soil health. However, effects of soil compaction on microbial processes and composition are poorly understood. We measured microbial community responses to compaction in a sandy loam and a clay loam soil under laboratory and field conditions. Treatments of no, moderate (approximately 20% increase in bulk density), and severe (approximately 40% increase) compaction were manually applied to intact soil cores. A 67-d laboratory experiment, punctuated by four sampling dates, was used to evaluate microbial indices (biomass, respiration, total and culturable bacteria and fungi, N mineralization, surface CO 2 efflux, C use (Biolog), and phospholipid fatty adds [PLFA]) and their relationship to soil physical properties (bulk density, pore-size distribution, water-holding capacity [WHC], gas diffusion). Macropores (>30 μm diam.) were reduced 50 to 90% in compacted samples. In contrast, habitable-sized pores for microorganisms (0.2-30 μm diam.) increased at least 40% in both soils with compaction. Despite these changes, microbial measures were either unaffected by compaction or showed inconsistent increases (e.g., fungal hyphae, C use, total PLFA) across sampling periods and soil types. Surface CO 2 efflux was reduced 34 to 51% in severe compaction samples. Minimal changes in microbial respiration indicate that reduced efflux was due to restricted gas diffusion. Microbial indifference to compaction also was verified at two mixed-conifer plantations in northern California. Soil strength values, ranging from 75 to 3800 kPa (no to severe compaction), were unrelated to either microbial respiration or biomass. The results show broad tolerance of microbial communities from contrasting soil textures to compaction, and indicate a poor link between physical and biological indices of soil health.
The n-generator property in rings of integer-valued polynomials determined by finite sets

Let D be an integral domain and E a non-empty finite subset of D. For n ≧ 2, we show that D has the n-generator property if and only if Int(E, D) has the n-generator property if and only if Int(E, D) has the strong (n + 1)-generator property. Thus, iterating the Int(E, D) construction cannot produce Prufer domains whose finitely generated ideals require an ever larger number of generators. We also show that, for n ≧ 2, a non-zero polynomial f ∈Int(E, D) is a strong n-generator in Int(E, D) if and only if f (a) is a strong n-generator in D for all a ∈E.
The failure of sanctions and the evolution of international policy towards Iraq, 1990–2003

The day after Iraq’s August 1990 invasion of Kuwait, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 660 condemning Iraq’s aggression and demanding that it withdraw. A week later it passed Resolution 661 demanding that UN Member States prevent all trade and financial transactions with Iraq. In all of its previous history, the Security Council had only imposed sanctions to discipline errant states twice before. The precedent used for the drafting of Resolution 661 was the sanctions imposed on Rhodesia in December 1966 after it had declared independence from Britain. This signified something of an empirical vacuum where those drafting resolutions in New York deployed a set of assumptions that gave both the theory and practise of sanctions their coherence. It was assumed that a state, when faced with an on‐going economic embargo, would be forced to react in predictable ways. If the application of sanctions caused enough suffering within society, then popular discontent would eventually force the ruling...
Severe hemorrhagic cystitis

Hemorrhagic cystitis is bleeding which originates from the bladder. Chemotherapy and radiation account for the majority of cases, but it can also result from a variety of drugs, infections, or a primary cancer. It is a significant problem after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Bladder manipulations with instillations of alum, formalin, phenol, and silver nitrate have had limited success for cystitis after bone marrow transplantation. Prostaglandin bladder instillation is a simple bedside procedure that appears promising for this group of patients. While it is not a guaranteed treatment for all patients, it offers clear advantages over the previous treatments that were available. When prostaglandin bladder instillations fail, then surgical intervention with urinary diversion is justified.
Torque and drag in directional wells-prediction and measurement

A computer model has been developed to predict drillstring torque and drag, and a versatile rotary torque meter has been built to use in calibrating the model. The principle of the predictive model is that torque and drag forces in a directional wellbore are primarily caused by sliding friction. Sliding friction force is calculated by multiplying the sidewall contact force by a friction coefficient. Realistic sliding friction coefficients were determined from field data by using the same predictive computer model. These field data were gathered using novel torque and hookload indicators that are accurate, portable, and easily installed. Good agreement between friction coefficients calculated from different loads in the same well, as well as agreement between those for different wells, indicates the validity of the predictive drillstring model. Sliding friction is concluded to be the major source of torque and drag in directional wells. For waterbase mud systems, typical friction coefficients range from 0.25 to 0.40.
Soil disturbance, flood management, and riparian woody plant establishment in the Rio Grande floodplain

The exotic saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) has become the dominant woody plant in many riparian systems in the southwestern United States. We evaluated the effects of saltcedar clearing and overbank river flooding on recruitment of cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and saltcedar vegetation in the Rio Grande floodplain of central New Mexico, USA in 1993 and 1994. Overbank flooding coincided with the natural river hydrograph. After two seasons of growth, cleared areas supported more 1993 cohort cotton-woods and saltcedar than uncleared controlled areas. There were no differences between cleared and uncleared areas for the 1994 cohort after one growing season. Although there was a 2-week difference in the date of peak river flows between 1993 and 1994, similar seedling densities of both species were recorded for both years. The descending limb of the 1993 hydrograph was more gradual than the 1994 hydrograph, however, resulting in a higher survival rate of 1993 seedlings. Soil texture, soil salinity, elevation, and soil moisture data were collected from all plots and compared with seedling densities for each seedling sample date. Elevation and soil moisture indices were the most influential variables on seedling density. Decreasing soil moisture variables resulted in consistent seedling mortality for all species in cleared and uncleared plots for both cohorts. Secondary channels developed as a result of vegetative clearing where natural river fluvial processes provided topographic relief and sediment deposition for seedling establishment. Greater densities of cottonwoods and coyote willows (Salix exigua) were found on these deposits compared with remaining portions of cleared plots. Saltcedar clearing in conjunction with peak river flows in late May or early June encourages recruitment of native riparian plants, particularly along sand deposits created as a result of secondary channel development. Receding flows correlated with a receding water-table level of about 2 cm/day enhances native seedling densities relative to saltcedar.
Out-of-hospital mortality among patients receiving methadone for noncancer pain.

Methadone, a µ-opioid agonist long used as evidence-based treatment for opioid dependence,1 has been increasingly prescribed for chronic pain. In 2009, 4.4 million methadone prescriptions in the U.S. were for treatment of pain, accounting for 9% of prescribed opioid analgesics on a dose-adjusted basis.1 Methadone's primary advantages as an analgesic are a long elimination half-life,2 and low cost;1 however, its efficacy is comparable to that of other long-acting opioids.3 There are major concerns regarding methadone's relative safety. The risk for accidental overdose and lethal respiratory depression may be greater than that for other long-acting opioids. Because the duration of methadone's respiratory depressant effects is longer than that for its analgesic effects,4;5 inadvertent intoxication can occur as dose is increased to provide greater pain relief. This risk may be exacerbated by methadone's highly variable pharmacokinetics.4;5 In 2006, the FDA issued an advisory and the label was modified to warn of the potential for unintentional overdose.5–7 This concern was reinforced by autopsy series of opioid overdose deaths with over-representation of methadone-related cases8;9 and a U.S. study demonstrating a disproportionate number of prescription-opioid-related overdose deaths with methadone involvement.1 Methadone also has adverse cardiac effects. It prolongs the QT interval10 and has been implicated in numerous case reports of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.10–13 Cases of sudden cardiac death, the majority of which are due to ventricular arrhythmias,14;15 have been reported in methadone patients.16 These data have led to questions regarding the appropriateness of the widespread use of methadone for the treatment of chronic pain, particularly given other equally effective alternatives.1;3;17 However, the one cohort study comparing methadone to sustained-release (SR) morphine unexpectedly found that adjusted overall mortality was 44% lower for the methadone users.18 Given this controversy, we conducted a cohort study of patients receiving either methadone or morphine SR for non-cancer pain. Given the multiple mechanisms by which an opioid could increase mortality, the primary endpoint was total mortality during study followup.
CURRENT DRIVEN PLASMA INSTABILITY IN QUANTUM WIRES

Abstract We investigate current driven plasma instabilities in quantum wires. We find that such instabilities might be observed in such systems for experimentally achievable drift velocities. We also find, that the threshold drift velocity for this instability is proportional to the Fermi velocity, as was the case in higher dimensional systems. Lowering the Fermi energy of the plasma is thus advantageous for generating these instabilities and possible device applications.
GPS‐Aided Lane Marking and Reporting for Shallow‐Water Mine Neutralization

This paper investigates the use of GPS to assist with the marking and reporting of lanes cleared of mines in preparation for a military amphibious assault. The feasibility of using GPS, inertial navigation systems (INS), GPS/INS, GPS translators, radar, laser, and videometric technologies is included in the concept study. Sensor data from the mentioned devices have potential for enhancing overall system performance and/or mission success during shallow-water mine countermeasure operations. The main objective of the study is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the various sensor technologies as regards cost, accuracy, ruggedness, size, weight, power, and other considerations. With regard to GPS, dynamic robustness and vulnerability aspects are reviewed. Both differential and absolute GPS positioning accuracy are discussed for present and future systems within the constraints of the amphibious application. A discussion of the background for the study and the assumed scenario and environment for the operation is presented. Recommendations and conclusions are given.
Testing the presumption of consent to emergency treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

In life-threatening emergencies involving incapacitated patients without surrogates, clinicians may intervene without obtaining informed consent, applying the presumption that reasonable people would consent to treatment in such circumstances. Whether this rationale applies to treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis is controversial, as this intervention improves functional outcomes but is not life-preserving.1 Nonetheless, the presumption of consent to thrombolysis for ischemic stroke has recently been endorsed by professional societies.2,3 Previous empirical studies of preferences for emergency treatment have been limited to surveys of convenience samples that were not demographically representative. We evaluated the presumption of consent by comparing preferences for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with thrombolysis and treatment of sudden cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR, in which the presumption of consent is generally accepted) in a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults.
Characterization of the breakpoints in a t(8;13)(p11;q12) translocation from a patient with myeloproliferative disease using fluorescence in situ hybridization

We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize the molecular position of the breakpoints in a t(8;13)(p11;q12) reciprocal translocation from a patient with an atypical myeloproliferative disorder. This structural chromosome abnormality is characteristic of this specific disease and occurs often as the only chromosome abnormality in the malignant cells. Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) analysis has demonstrated that the 8p11 breakpoint lies within a region defined by YAC 959A4 and that the 13q12 breakpoint is spanned by YAC 769F9. Identifying the position of the breakpoints in this rearrangement provides the means to search for candidate genes rearranged by this highly specific structural chromosome abnormality.
Perceptions of the Male Sex Role

In this study 75 college men used the Bem Sex Role Inventory to describe either themselves or a typical, ideal, or women's ideal man, and 30 college women described either a typical or ideal man. 7he only effect for the masculine items was that men saw themselves as relatively low on masculinity. For the feminine items the male's ratings were relatively high on femininity, with the exception of the typical male. While women described the ideal male as higher on femininity than the typical male, both of the women's ratings were relatively low on femininity. The results suggests that male role strain comes not from a failure to be expressive, but from a failure to be instrumental.
Results of Scattering in Radioisotope Imaging

It has long been recognized that in-patient scattering can lead to significant ima, ge degradation in nearly all radioisotope imaging. Using biased Monte Carlo codes and experimental determinations, we have undertaken a study of three aspects of this problem: 1. Scattering and attenuation within the patient, 2. Selective rejection of scattered radiation by angular selection of the collimation system, 3. Selective rejection of scattered radiation by energy selection. The model we have assumed consists of point gamma ray sources of energy between 140 and 511 keV, located at depths between zero and 10 cm below the surface of a semi-infinite water medium. Ellett has shown that at the energies of interest here, water is a good representation of a tissue medium. A wide variety of general data on the energy and spatial distributions of the escaping scattered radiation have been catalogued.
Approximate confidence intervals for one proportion and difference of two proportions

Constructing a confidence interval for a binomial proportion or the difference of two proportions is a routine exercise in daily data analysis. The best-known method is the Wald interval based on the asymptotic normal approximation to the distribution of the observed sample proportion, though it is known to have a bad performance for small to medium sample sizes. Recently, Agresti and his co-workers proposed an Adding-4 method: 4 pseudo-observations are added with 2 successes and 2 failures and then the resulting (pseudo-)sample proportion is used. The method is simple and performs extremely well. Here we propose an approximate method based on a t-approximation that takes account of the uncertainty in estimating the variance of the observed (pseudo-)sample proportion. It follows the same line of using a t-test, rather than z-test, in testing the mean of a normal distribution with an unknown variance. For some circumstances our proposed method has a higher coverage probability than the Adding-4 method.
Detection of temporary lateral confinement of membrane proteins using single-particle tracking analysis

Techniques such as single-particle tracking allow the characterization of the movements of single or very few molecules. Features of the molecular trajectories, such as confined diffusion or directed transport, can reveal interesting biological interactions, but they can also arise from simple Brownian motion. Careful analysis of the data, therefore, is necessary to identify interesting effects from pure random movements. A method was developed to detect temporary confinement in the trajectories of membrane proteins that cannot be accounted for by Brownian motion. This analysis was applied to trajectories of two lipid-linked members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, Thy-1 and a neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM 125), and the results were compared with those for simulated random walks. Approximately 28% of the trajectories for both proteins exhibited periods of transient confinement, which were
Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with an Application to a Trade Gravity Model

This paper extends the Bayesian Model Averaging framework to panel data models where the lagged dependent variable as well as endogenous variables appear as regressors. We propose a Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging (LIBMA) methodology and then test it using simulated data. Simulation results suggest that asymptotically our methodology performs well both in Bayesian model averaging and selection. In particular, LIBMA recovers the data generating process well, with high posterior inclusion probabilities for all the relevant regressors, and parameter estimates very close to their true values. These findings suggest that our methodology is well suited for inference in short dynamic panel data models with endogenous regressors in the context of model uncertainty. We illustrate the use of LIBMA in an application to the estimation of a dynamic gravity model for bilateral trade.
Epizoans on late Ordovician brachiopods from Southeastern Indiana

The frequency of epizoans (cornulitids, inarticulate brachiopods, bryozoans, solitary and colonial rugosan corals) on over 8000 specimens of articulate brachiopods (four strophomenids, five orthids, one rhynchonellid) was calculated for four stratigraphic horizons in the Dillsboro Formation of southeastern Indiana. Frequency of shells encrusted correlates significantly with the surface area of the valves. Punctae in brachiopod shells (Onniella meeki) may have deterred larval settlement of epizoans. Coarse ribbing on articulates deterred encrustation by the inarticulate brachiopod. The horn coral shows a preference for attachment to the anterior of Hiscobeccus capax. Bryozoans show a preference for the incurrent lateral margins of inferred living hosts, suggesting rheotropic behavior by settling larvae. Inarticulate brachiopods are concentrated around the sloping commissure of the brachial valve of strophomenids, suggesting geotropic behavior and/or selective survival of settling larvae. Inarticulates dete...
Muon production of 92,94 Nb in the Earth's crust

ACTIVITIES due to long-lived 92Nb (t1/2 ≃ 1.7×108 yr) and to 94Nb (t1/2 = 2.03×104 yr) in a refined bar of terrestrial niobium were discovered by Apt et al.1. They speculated that the 92Nb activity could have applications to chronologies of nucleosynthesis and to cosmogony. As an example, they calculated that their observed activity level would result if the isotopic ratio 4.7×109 yr ago were 92Nb/93Nb = 10−3 and if the halflife were 1.58×108 yr. More definite conclusions were difficult because the concentration expected today depends so strongly on the poorly known halflife, which they estimated to be 1.7×108 yr from a reactor irradiation. This sensitivity can be illustrated by noting that a 5% error in halflife corresponds after 4.7×109 yr to an error of a factor 2.74 in the anticipated activity. Quantitative calculations from galactic nucleosynthesis must therefore await a more precise measurement of the halflife. Implications of primordial 92Nb have recently been enlarged with the proposal2 to use enrichments δ(92Zr) in the isotopic composition of Zr due to extinct 92Nb to measure absolute time differences in the formation of meteorites and planets. If an initial 92Zr/94Zr ratio for each body can be obtained, differences between those initial values could be translated into time differences in the formation of the respective objects. We argue here that both projects are probably doomed to disappointment. It seems to us unlikely that the near equality in the two measured activities is a coincidence. They are respectively 0.058±0.035 d.p.m. per kg (Nb) for 92Nb and 0.32±0.03 d.p.m. per kg (Nb) for 94Nb. Such a result would be expected, for example, if both nuclei were created terrestrially over geologic time in the ratio of their activities, in this case in a production ratio p(92Nb)/p(94Nb) = 0.18±0.11. We suggest that nuclear reactions following the capture of stopped cosmic-ray muons is the likely source, and we will show that both the magnitude of the activities and their relative strengths are consistent with this idea. Similar ideas have been developed by others, most notably to explain Xe anomalies in Te ores3.
Critical roles of non-histone protein lysine methylation in human tumorigenesis

Several protein lysine methyltransferases and demethylases have been identified to have critical roles in histone modification. A large body of evidence has indicated that their dysregulation is involved in the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer, and these enzymes are now considered to be potential therapeutic targets. Although most studies have focused on histone methylation, many reports have revealed that these enzymes also regulate the methylation dynamics of non-histone proteins such as p53, RB1 and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which have important roles in human tumorigenesis. In this Review, we summarize the molecular functions of protein lysine methylation and its involvement in human cancer, with a particular focus on lysine methylation of non-histone proteins.
Molecular Identification of the Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in California Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Locus

A molecular protocol using a hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) is reported for the diagnosis of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in California. This protocol distinguishes the light brown apple moth from other moths in California based on size differences of PCR amplicons that are visualized on agarose gels. The molecular diagnostic tool generated no false negatives based on analysis of 337 light brown apple moths collected from California, Hawaii, England, New Zealand, and Australia. Analysis of a data set including 424 moths representing other tortricid species generated correct identification for >95% of the samples and only two false positives. Of the 761 moths tested only fourteen produced no PCR amplicons and five generated inconclusive data.
Lipid metabolism in pigs fed beef tallow or high-oleic acid sunflower oil.

The objectives of this study were to establish the effects of high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and beef tallow on tissue fatty acids and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities in swine; and to compare effects of HOSO and tallow on swine plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions. Sixteen gilts were divided into two groups: eight fed a control diet containing 10 g/100 g beef tallow, and eight fed a diet containing 10 g/100 g HOSO. Plasma samples were obtained before feeding began and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of dietary treatment. Samples were obtained from longissimus dorsi muscle, liver, adipose and duodenal mucosa for the measurement of fatty acid composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. The HOSO diet increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations (μmol/g wet weight of tissue) of 18:1 and 18:2 (n-6) in adipose tissue. In muscle from pigs fed the HOSO diet, concentrations of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 (n-6) decreased (P < 0.05) relative to muscle from pigs fed the beef tallow diet; only 14:0 and 16:1 were reduced in liver by the HOSO diet. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase specific activity [(pmol 7 min−1mg−1 microsomal protein)] was 40 percent lower, and activity expressed as pmol 7 min−1g−1 tissue) was 20 percent lower, in adipose tissue of pigs fed HOSO (P < 0.05). No differences due to dietary treatment were observed for desaturase activity from muscle, liver or intestinal mucosa. Plasma triglycerides declined steadily in the tallow-fed pigs, possibly reflecting the lower percentages of liver 18:0 and 18:1 acids, relative to the HOSO-fed pigs. The animals responded similarly to the addition of fat (beef tallow or HOSO) to their diets with increased (P < 0.05) plasma total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol by 4 weeks of treatment. Total cholesterol, LDL-, VLDL- or HDL-cholesterol were not different between pigs fed beef tallow or HOSO. Thus, differences in fatty acid composition of the diets were sufficient to alter tissue fatty acid composition and adipose tissue desaturase activity, but insufficient to alter plasma lipoprotein cholesterol.
Equivalent models for implicitly-coupled electromechanical and electromagnetic transient analysis

This paper presents two sets of equivalent models for implicitly-coupled electromechanical and electromagnetic tran- sient analysis: a Thevenin equivalent of the electromechanical network and a Norton equivalent of the electromechanical network. Due to the possible lack of voltage reference in the electromagnetic network, the Norton equivalent of the electrome- chanical network is not as robust as the Thevenin equivalent in implicitly-coupled transient simulation. Results demonstrating the advantage of the implicitly-coupled electromechanical and electromagnetic simulator with Thevenin equivalent of the elec- tromechanical network are presented for a 3 bus test system. Index Terms—Transient stability, electromagnetic transient, frequency dependent network equivalent, implicitly-coupled.
Frank Observations On Innovation in Elementary Schools.

Instructional innovation in the elementary school often is reported in educational literature as superficial and/or compromised. this paper presents curriculum installation guidelines and recommendations for consideration by educators responsible for effecting intended curriculum change. Based on intensive field experiences in more than 60 schools of diverse characteristics, and supported by survey responses of innovating administrators and teachers, the guidelines reveal actual implementation problems that impede and endanger curriculum change efforts. Educators who undertake local or regional curriculum change are encouraged to transform their theoretical models for change into concrete, replicable activities (work) and events that directly deal with the field problems that stimulated the guidelines. References are made to a series of curriculum installation projects that were progressively more successful because the guidelines were formulated and made operational in the field.
Chemically Directed Immobilization of Nanoparticles onto Gold Substrates for Orthogonal Assembly Using Dithiocarbamate Bond Formation

Dithiocarbamate-mediated bond formation combined with soft lithography was used for the selective immobilization of amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles on gold substrates. The available amine groups on the upper surface of the immobilized silica nanoparticles were further utilized for postdeposition of additional materials including particles, dyes, and biomolecules. The robustness of dithiocarbamate-mediated immobilization enables orthogonal assembly on surfaces via selective removal of the masking thiol ligands using iodine vapor etching followed by further functionalization.
Passive F+‐Oxidationsmittel ermöglichen die selektive reduktive Eliminierung hochvalenter Metallzentren in der Katalyse

Die reduktive Eliminierung teils oder vollstandig oxidierter Metallzentren ist ein wichtiger Schritt in einer Unzahl von C-C- und C-Heteroatom-Bindungsbildungen. Eine Moglichkeit, anspruchsvolle reduktive Eliminierungen zu erleichtern, besteht in der Oxidation der Metallzentren durch Zwei-Elektronen-Oxidationsmittel (also von Mn zu Mn+2). Viele der fur diese Umwandlung typischen Oxidationsmittel enthalten allerdings Sauerstoff-, Stickstoff- oder Halogenatome — die sich anschliesend an der reduktiven Eliminierung beteiligen konnten —, sodass ein Produktgemisch entstehen wurde. In diesem Kurzaufsatz beschreiben wir die Untersuchungen zu einem neuartigen Losungsansatz fur dieses verbreitete Problem in der metallorganischen Chemie: die Verwendung von passiven F+-Oxidationsmitteln sowie die jungsten Anwendungen in PdII/PdIV- und AuI/AuIII-Katalysen. Auserdem besprechen wir kurz ein seltenes Beispiel, in dem die Verwendung eines Ein-Elektronen-Oxidationsmittels zur Begunstigung einer selektiven reduktiven Eliminierung bei Palladium(II)-katalysierten C-H-Funktionalisierungen gezeigt werden konnte; dies sehen wir als eine vielversprechende Richtung fur zukunftige Anwendungen auf diesem Gebiet an.
A Note on Product-Form Solution for Queuing Networks with Poisson Arrivals and General Service-Time Distributions with Finite Means

Product form was first introduced by Jackson [Operations Research, 1957; Management Science, 1963] who considered only negative exponential service distributions with queue length dependent service rates. Posner and Bernholtz [Operations Research, 1968] showed that one has product form in the case where there are many classes of customers, service times are exponential with class queue length dependent service rates, and lag times (the time for a customer to travel between two servers is a random variable with continuously differentiable distribution function). Baskett, Chandy, Muntz and Palacios [JACM, 1975] extended these results to networks with multiple classes of customers and service time distributions which have rational Laplace transforms vanishing at ∞. Chandy, Howard and Towsley [JACM, 1977] extended this further to the case where the service time distribution functions are continuously differentiable. They also introduced the concept of station balance and established some important relationships between station balance, local balance and product form. In particular, for the closed queueing network they showed that if each queue in the network satisfies local balance in isolation with Poisson arrivals then one has product form
A stabilized edge-based implicit incompressible flow formulation

Abstract An edge-based implementation of an implicit, monolithic, finite element (FE) scheme for the solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) equations is presented. The original element formulation is based on the pressure stability properties of an implicit second-order in time fractional step (FS) method, which is conditionally stable. The final monolithic scheme preserves the second-order accuracy of the FS method, and is unconditionally stable. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that the final pressure stabilizing term is practically the same fourth-order pressure term added by some authors (but following different arguments) to obtain high order accurate results, and that the final discretized convective terms are formally a second-order discretization of the respective continuous one. The development of the edge implementation is supported by two criteria: the properties of the element based one, which has already been extensively tested and for which convergence and stability analysis has already been presented, and on the enforcement of global conservation and symmetry at the discrete level. A monotonicity preserving term which decreases the discretization order in sharp gradient regions to avoid localized oscillations (overshoots and undershoots), is formulated and tested. Some numerical examples and experimental comparisons are presented.
BETAMETHASONE CLEARANCE IN FETAL LAMBS FOLLOWING FETAL OR MATERNAL INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION. † 1160

Antenatal betamethasone (BETA) administration is recommended in most instances of threatened premature delivery. To provide fetal BETA pharmacokinetic data, we assessed plasma BETA levels in chronically catheterized fetal lambs following maternal or direct fetal BETA treatments as follows (mg/kg): Ewe 0.2 (n=4), Ewe 0.5 (n=3), Fetal 0.2 (n=3) and Fetal 0.5(n=3). Plasma BETA levels were determined by HPLC and are presented graphically. Conclusions: 1) Maternal betamethasone administration increases fetal plasma levels within 90 minutes, and 2) Despite large differences in initial plasma BETA levels, fetal plasma levels are similar by 4 hrs regardless of route of administration. Figure
Effect of soil inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 on disease development in cotton.

Hao, J. J., Yang, M. E., and Davis, R. M. 2009. Effect of soil inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 on disease development in cotton. Plant Dis. 93:1324-1328. The effect of soil inoculum density (0 to 106 conidia/g of potting mix) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 on plant growth (weight, height, and number of nodes), Fusarium wilt symptoms, vascular discoloration, and number of CFU per gram of stem tissue was determined on five cotton cultivars grown in a greenhouse. In the susceptible cv. DP744, symptoms of wilt and reductions in plant growth occurred at inoculum levels of 103 conidia/g of potting mix and higher, whereas plant growth of the resistant Pima cv. Ph800 was not affected by any soil inoculum densities. Cvs. DP340, Ph72, and UltEF all responded similarly, with a relatively moderate negative growth response to soil inoculum densities generally beginning at 10 4 conidia/g of potting mix. F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 was recovered from the stems of all cultivars by plating macerated stem tissue on a semiselective medium. There was a significant positive correlation between CFU and inoculum density above 104 conidia/g of potting mix for DP744 and UltEF. The fungus was recovered relatively infrequently from stems of Ph 800 plants inoculated with any inoculum density of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 is an inoculum density- dependent disease; the disease was generally mild and the fungus was rarely recovered from stems at inoculum levels less than 104 conidia/g of potting mix.
An interaction of the pre- and post-weaning diets rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fats alters plasma lipids, hepatic gene expression and aortic vascular reactivity in adult C57BL/6 mice.

Aim: To investigate the effects of diets rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) fed during pre- and post-weaning time periods on the lipid metabolism and vascular reactivity in adult C57Bl/6 mice, in order to assess the impact of maternal nutrition and its interaction with the offspring diet on the metabolism of adult offspring. Methods: Female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet enriched with n-6 PUFA (P) or control diet (C) for 2-weeks before, during mating, gestation and lactation, while their pups received either P or C for 8-weeks post-weaning. Results: A significant interaction between the maternal and post-weaning diets was observed for the offspring body weight, food-, caloric-intake, plasma lipids, hepatic mRNA expression of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, aortic contractile and relaxation responses (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The overall metabolic and physiological outcome in the offspring is dependent upon the interaction between the pre- and post-weaning dietary environments.
Domain independence and stability in young and older adults’ discounting of delayed rewards

a b s t r a c t Individual discounting rates for different types of delayed reward are typically assumed to reflect a sin- gle, underlying trait of impulsivity. Recently, we showed that discounting rates are orders of magnitude steeper for directly consumable liquid rewards than for monetary rewards (Jimura et al., 2009), raising the question of whether discounting rates for different types of reward covary at the individual level. Accordingly, the present study examined the relation between discounting of hypothetical money and real liquid rewards in young adults (Experiment 1) and older adults (Experiment 2). At the group level, young adults discounted monetary rewards more steeply than the older adults, but there was no sig- nificant age difference with respect to liquid rewards. At the individual level, the rates at which young and older participants discounted each reward type were stable over a two- to fifteen-week interval (rs > 70), but there was no significant correlation between the rates at which they discounted the two reward types. These results suggest that although similar decision-making processes may underlie the discounting of different types of rewards, the rates at which individuals discount money and directly consumable rewards may reflect separate, stable traits, rather than a single trait of impulsivity.
Enhanced spectrum matching of mixed mass spectra by means of quality factors

Abstract A system of computer programs for recognizing impure or mixed spectra was assembled that provided automatic subtraction of reference mass spectra from a mixed spectrum. The software was 99% successful in recognizing pure spectra for the cases tested. Subtractions were done on mixed spectra in 70% of the cases tested. Spectrum subtraction enhanced the ability of the matching program to match components of a multicomponent mixture correctly, whereas quality factors were a great aid in the evaluation of the overall match validity.
Cox-2 inhibition suppresses human gastric cancer by altering immune response and apoptosis: clinical relevance of DNA array analysis

Cox-2 inhibition suppresses human gastric cancer by altering immune response and apoptosis: clinical relevance of DNA array analysis
An Empirical Analysis of the Output Effects of Temporary and Persistent Government Purchases

Abstract This paper uses band-pass filters to identify cyclical components of the growth rates of government purchases and to examine their effects on output growth. It finds that for the period 1889–1994 the medium-run and persistent components of government purchases have stronger positive output effects than the temporary components. The finding is robust to alternative decompositions of government purchases.