cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Blessed”: Musical Talent, Smartness, & Figured Identities

The purpose of this study is to explore smartness and talent as social constructs. Drawing on Holland et al.'s (1998) figured identities, this article explores the figuring of abilities by elucidating the voices of African American high school chorus students. Critical Race Theory (CRT) helps to unpack normalized language and practices that comprise intelligence, talent, and identity construction. The student participants in this study contrasted high school experiences in which they constructed musical and academic identities, describing how smart or talented they were relative to significant others around them. Findings suggest that constructions of musical talent and smartness socially positioned students along race, gender, and class lines. Interpretations of talent and intelligence may impact the curricular options made available to students, their academic identity construction, musical identity construction, and inequitable school practices.
A distributed multi-storage resource architecture and I/O performance prediction for scientific computing

I/O-intensive applications have posed great challenges to computational scientists. A major problem of these applications is that users have to sacrifice performance requirements in order to satisfy storage capacity requirements in a conventional computing environment. Further performance improvement is impeded by the physical nature of these storage media, even if state-of-the-art I/O optimizations are employed. In this paper, we present a distributed multi-storage resource architecture that can satisfy both performance and capacity requirements by employing multiple storage resources. Compared to the traditional single-storage resource architecture, our architecture provides a more flexible and reliable computing environment. It can bring new opportunities for high-performance computing as well as inheriting state-of-the-art I/O optimization approaches that have already been developed. We also develop an application programming interface (API) that provides transparent management and access to various storage resources in our computing environment. As I/O usually dominates the performance in I/O-intensive applications, we establish an I/O performance prediction mechanism which consists of a performance database and a prediction algorithm to help users better evaluate and schedule their applications. A tool is also developed to help users automatically generate the performance database. Experiments show that our multi-storage resource architecture is a promising platform for high-performance distributed computing.
Acute blockade of the Caenorhabditis elegans dopamine transporter DAT-1 by the mammalian norepinephrine transporter inhibitor nisoxetine reveals the influence of genetic modifications of dopamine signaling in vivo.

Modulation of neurotransmission by the catecholamine dopamine (DA) is conserved across phylogeny. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, excess DA signaling triggers Swimming-Induced Paralysis (Swip), a phenotype first described in animals with loss of function mutations in the presynaptic DA transporter (dat-1). Swip has proven to be a phenotype suitable for the identification of novel dat-1 mutations as well as the identification of novel genes that impact DA signaling. Pharmacological manipulations can also induce Swip, though the reagents employed to date lack specificity and potency, limiting their use in evaluation of dat-1 expression and function. Our lab previously established the mammalian norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor nisoxetine to be a potent antagonist of DA uptake conferred by DAT-1 following heterologous expression. Here we demonstrate the ability of low (μM) concentrations of nisoxetine to trigger Swip within minutes of incubation, with paralysis dependent on DA release and signaling, and non-additive with Swip triggered by dat-1 deletion. Using nisoxetine in combination with genetic mutations that impact DA release, we further demonstrate the utility of the drug for demonstrating contributions of presynaptic DA receptors and ion channels to Swip. Together, these findings reveal nisoxetine as a powerful reagent for monitoring multiple dimensions of DA signaling in vivo, thus providing a new resource that can be used to evaluate contributions of dat-1 and other genes linked to DA signaling without the potential for compensations that attend constitutive genetic mutations.
Quantitative Determination of the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Addition to η3-Propargyl Rhenium Complexes and Direct Observation of an Equilibrium between η3-Propargyl Rhenium Complexes and Rhenacyclobutenes

PMe(3) adds selectively to the central carbon of the η(3)- propargyl complex [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(η(3)-CH(2)C≡CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (1-t-Bu) to form the metallacyclobutene [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(CH(2)C(PMe(3))=CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (7). The rate of rearrangement of the metallacyclobutene 7 to η(2)-alkyne complex [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(η(2)-Me(3)PCH(2)C≡CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (8) is is independent of phosphine concentration, consistent with a dissociative mechanism proceeding via η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu. The rate of this rearrangement is 480 times slower than the rate of exchange of PMe(3) with the labeled metallacyclobutene 7-d(9). This rate ratio provides an indirect measurement of the regioselectivity for addition of PMe(3) to the central carbon of η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu to give 7 compared to addition to a terminal carbon to give 8. The addition of PPh(3) to 1-t-Bu gives the metallacyclobutene [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(CH(2)C(PPh(3))=CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (11). Low temperature (1)H NMR spectra provide evidence for an equilibrium between metallacyclobutene 11 and η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu (K(eq) ≈ 44 M(-1) at -46 °C and ΔG° (0 °C) = -1.2 ± 0.2 kcal mol(-1)).
Abstract 3379: Benefiting the Community; The Impact of Joining a Regional Stroke Network

Background: The Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) consists of a large tertiary care center and 10 regional hospitals. It is organized both clinically and administratively into multispecialty organ based Institutes rather than departments. The CCHS re-introduced a regional initiative to standardize stroke care in 2008. Medina Hospital is a 118-bed community hospital in rural North-eastern Ohio, where there is a high stroke burden and previously minimal IV tPA use. Medina Hospital joined the CCHS Stroke Network in November 2009. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that after joining the formally organized stroke CCHS system of care, the proportion of stroke patients receiving IV tPA and the timeliness of administration of acute thrombolytic therapy would both significantly increase. Methods: Data was analyzed from our prospective participation in the Get with the Guidelines-Stroke and the Ohio Coverdell Stroke Registries. Baseline data regarding quality, outcomes and stroke performance measures were reviewed. CCHS initially supported acute stroke care in early 2010 with a telemedicine cart and then introduced 24/7 emergency, on-site, CCHS neurologist, acute stroke call coverage in late 2010. Standardized CCHS stroke care pathways and order sets were also introduced in 2010. The proportion of stroke patients treated with IV tPA in 2010 and 2011 (post- joining CCHS) was compared to 2009 (2-sided Fisher’s exact test), and door-to-needle times were compared from 2010 to 2011 (unpaired t-test). Results: IV tPA treatment utilization increased from 0/69 patients (0%) in 2009 to 9/67 patients (11.8%) in 2010 [exact p=.0033] and 11/46 (19.3%) in the first 7 months of 2011 [exact p=.0001]. Door-to-needle times improved from a mean of 81.4 (95%CI 66.4 to 96.4) minutes in 2010 to 61.7 (95% CI 52.7 to 70.8) minutes in 2011 (p=.0158). Conclusions: Participation in an organized formal collaborative regional hospital stroke treatment network resulted in dramatic improvements from zero IV tPA utilization to greatly exceeding the national benchmark averages for both percentage treatment with IV tPA and door-to-needle time in a rural area where patients previously had minimal access to acute stroke expertise.
Rheological Evidence of Composition Fluctuations in an Unentangled Diblock Copolymer Melt near the Order–Disorder Transition

Rheological and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were conducted on a symmetric, low molar mass (Mn = 17.6 kg/mol), poly(tert-butylstyrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PtBS-PMMA) diblock copolymer near the order–disorder transition temperature (TODT = 193 ± 1 °C). Evidence of composition fluctuations is apparent in the low frequency elastic (G′) and loss (G″) moduli and in the temperature dependence of the peak scattering intensity, I(q*), up to 50 °C above the TODT. These findings demonstrate that chain entanglements are not responsible for the well-documented fluctuation mode in the terminal viscoelastic regime of block copolymer melts.
Rhamnolipid Adsorption in Soil: Factors, Unique Features, and Considerations for Use as Green Antizoosporic Agents

In aqueous solutions, rhamnolipids effectively kill the motile zoospores responsible for spreading many pathogens, including soy-infecting Phytophthora sojae. For use in soil, adsorption properties need to be considered. Having low critical micelle concentrations, rhamnolipids tend to form micelles/aggregates with unknown effects on soil adsorption. Effects of soil pH, rhamnolipid congener structure, and concentration were examined. Congeners were identified and each quantitated for adsorptive partitioning. The adsorption isotherm at pH 6.5 showed a multi-stage profile plateauing at 1700 μg/g of soil. Less hydrophilic congeners adsorbed preferentially: R-C10-C12 > R-C10-C12:1 > RR-C10-C12:1 > RR-C10-C12 > R-C10-C10 > RR-C10-C10 > R-C8-C10 > RR-C8-C10 (where R is rhamnose and C# is the carbon number of β-hydroxy fatty acid). Adsorptive selectivity among congeners was very clear in dilute solutions but diminished with increasing concentrations. Results were interpreted with aggregate formation in solutions and on the soil surface. The cost estimate made accordingly supported the economic feasibility of rhamnolipid antizoosporic uses in soil.
Determination of Helical Symmetry Parameters from Cryo Electron Microscopy Images and Applications to Virus Structure

Motivated by structural virology, statistical methods are described for determining the helical symmetry present in a 3-D object when a cryo electron microscopy image of the object, essentially a projection image, is measured.
Nitroimino-tetrazolates and Oxy-nitroimino-tetrazolates

Highly energetic 1,1′-ethylenebis(oxy)bis(5-nitroimino-tetrazolate) salts were obtained by reacting equimolar quantities of the acidic 1,1′-ethylenebis(oxy)bis(5-nitroimino-tetrazole) and energetic bases in aqueous solution. Addtionally, metathesis of silver 1,1′-ethylenebis(oxy)bis(5-nitroimino-tetrazolate) with diaminoguanidinium chloride or triaminoguanidinium chloride gave the corresponding oxy-nitroimino-tetrazolate salt. These salts were fully characterized using IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and, in some cases, 2·2H2O, 8·2H2O, 10, 13·2H2O and 14, with single crystal X-ray structuring. The heats of formation for all compounds were calculated with Gaussian 03 and then combined with measured densities to determine detonation pressures (P) and velocities (D) of the energetic materials (Cheetah 5.0). The impact sensitivities of all salts were found to be less than those of the parent compounds. The physical and detonation propertie...
Multi-parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy of the Awake Mouse Brain

We have developed photoacoustic microscopy for multi-parametric functional imaging of the awake mouse brain. This innovative technique reveals the effect of volatile anesthetics on the blood flow and oxygen metabolism in the brain.
Quantification of bursting and synchrony in cultured hippocampal neurons

It is widely appreciated that neuronal networks exhibit patterns of bursting and synchrony that are not captured by simple measures such as average spike rate. These patterns can encode information or represent pathological behavior such as seizures. However, methods for quantifying bursting and synchrony are not agreed upon and can be confounded with spike rate measures. Previous validation has largely relied on in silico networks and single experimental conditions. How published measures of bursting and synchrony perform when applied to biological networks of varied average spike rate and subjected to varied experimental challenges is unclear. In multielectrode array recordings of network activity, we found that two mechanistically distinct drugs, cyclothiazide and bicuculline, produced equivalent increases in average spike rate but differed in bursting and synchrony. We applied several measures of bursting to the recordings (2 threshold interval methods and a surprise-based method) and found that a measure based on an average critical interval, adjusted for the array-wide spike rate, performed best in quantifying differential drug effects. To quantify synchrony, we compared a coefficient of variation-based measure, the recently proposed spike time tiling coefficient, the SPIKE-distance measure, and a global synchrony index. The spike time tiling coefficient, the SPIKE-distance measure, and the global synchrony index all captured a difference between drugs with the best performance exhibited by the global synchrony index. In summary, our exploration should aid other investigators by highlighting strengths and limitations of current methods.
The Gentleman’s House in Context

Throughout Britain and its empire from the late-seventeenth century, people looking to secure their position began to construct small classical houses. Their proliferation over the course of the century from 1680 is a central feature of the architectural and cultural expansion of Britain.1 Before embarking on a detailed analysis of the material culture of gentlemen and investigating the strategies they employed to build status, this chapter describes the houses and people at the heart of this study. Because small classical houses have received scant attention in Britain, a key sample of eighty-one small classical houses built before 1780 in Gloucestershire, as well as an associated group of 134 genteel builders and owners, is central to the analysis. Building on this cohort is a considerable literature that documents small classical buildings in other parts of Britain and its North American colonies. From this investigation of nearly two hundred houses and families in the British Atlantic World, patterns emerge that yield significant insights into the interplay between architecture and social status.
Natural Reserves and Preserves

Natural reserves and preserves are protected areas set aside for various purposes: preservation of wilderness and of biodiversity, for scientific research, preservation of specific natural, cultural, or traditional attributes, for sustainable use of resources, and for tourism, and education. Worldwide, over 100,000 such areas collectively cover ∼12.5% of Earth's land surface. Over 5000 marine protected areas cover ∼1.2% of the area of the oceans. Examples of different types of reserves and preserves are described. Natural areas make many critical contributions to conserving unique habitats, but confront many threats and face an uncertain future in a world undergoing rapid climate change.
Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A), Enriched in Ventral Hippocampus Neurons, is Required for Consolidation of Social but not Nonsocial Memories in Mice.

The capacity to form long-lasting social memories is critical to our health and survival. cAMP signaling in the ventral hippocampal formation (VHIPP) appears to be required for social memory formation, but the phosphodiesterase (PDE) involved remains unknown. Previously, we showed that PDE11A, which degrades cAMP and cGMP, is preferentially expressed in CA1 and subiculum of the VHIPP. Here, we determine whether PDE11A is expressed in neurons where it could directly influence synaptic plasticity and whether expression is required for the consolidation and/or retrieval of social memories. In CA1, and possibly CA2, PDE11A4 is expressed throughout neuronal cell bodies, dendrites (stratum radiatum), and axons (fimbria), but not astrocytes. Unlike PDE2A, PDE9A, or PDE10A, PDE11A4 expression begins very low at postnatal day 7 (P7) and dramatically increases until P28, at which time it stabilizes to young adult levels. This expression pattern is consistent with the fact that PDE11A is required for social long-term memory (LTM) formation during adolescence and adulthood. Male and female PDE11 knockout (KO) mice show normal short-term memory (STM) for social odor recognition (SOR) and social transmission of food preference (STFP), but no LTM 24 h post training. Importantly, PDE11A KO mice show normal LTM for nonsocial odor recognition. Deletion of PDE11A may impair memory consolidation by impairing requisite protein translation in the VHIPP. Relative to WT littermates, PDE11A KO mice show reduced expression of RSK2 and lowered phosphorylation of S6 (pS6–235/236). Together, these data suggest PDE11A is selectively required for the proper consolidation of recognition and associative social memories.
Dynamic Data Driven Cloud Systems for Cloud-Hosted CPS

A vast majority of modern applications and systems have taken advantage of cloud computing, however, a general lack of performance and reliability assurances from the cloud have deterred applications from the realm of cyber physical systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) that have stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements avail the cloud capabilities. To address these limitations, we propose dynamic data driven cloud systems (DDDCS). DDDCS is a new paradigm that learns and continuously enhances models of the cloud infrastructure itself by adaptively instrumenting it so that analyzing these models can steer the cloud infrastructure to utilize the right resource management strategies needed to host the QoS-sensitive CPS/IoT tasks in the cloud. This research explores the challenges in realizing the DDDCS paradigm and addresses them by developing cloud model learning and adaptive cloud resource management algorithms. DDDCS is being evaluated in the context of a variety of CPS/IoT applications, such as smart city transportation.
Polyoxovanadate Fabricated Gold Nanoparticles: Application in SERS

This article reports a surface modification of gold nanoparticles with water soluble polyoxometalate, V10O286- (decavanadate, V10). Two sizes of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles AuNP-Citrate-S (∼11nm) and AuNP-Citrate-L (∼46nm) were modified with V10 in aqueous media to form AuNP-V10-S and AuNP-V10-L, respectively. Both AuNP-V10-S and AuNP-V10-L were found to be significantly better than their citrate counterparts in strengthening Raman vibrational signals of analyte molecule. All the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) line analysis. We demonstrate that AuNP-V10-L is excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for a Raman-active analyte molecule at nanomolar concentrations.
Early remodeling of repolarizing K+ currents in the αMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), linked to mutations in myosin, myosin-binding proteins and other sarcolemmal proteins, is associated with increased risk of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and a number of animal models have been developed to facilitate analysis of disease progression and mechanisms. In the experiments here, we use the αMHC403/+ mouse line in which one αMHC allele harbors a common HCM mutation (in βMHC, Arg403 Gln). Here, we demonstrate marked prolongation of QT intervals in young adult (10-12week) male αMHC403/+ mice, well in advance of the onset of measurable left ventricular hypertrophy. Electrophysiological recordings from myocytes isolated from the interventricular septum of these animals revealed significantly (P<0.001) lower peak repolarizing voltage-gated K+ (Kv) current (IK,peak) amplitudes, compared with cells isolated from wild type (WT) littermate controls. Analysis of Kv current waveforms revealed that the amplitudes of the inactivating components of the total outward Kv current, Ito,f, Ito,s and IK,slow, were significantly lower in αMHC403/+, compared with WT, septum cells, whereas Iss amplitudes were similar. The amplitudes/densities of IK,peak and IK,slow were also lower in αMHC403/+, compared with WT, LV wall and LV apex myocytes, whereas Ito,f was attenuated in αMHC403/+ LV wall, but not LV apex, cells. These regional differences in the remodeling of repolarizing Kv currents in the αMHC403/+ mice would be expected to increase the dispersion of ventricular repolarization and be proarrhythmic. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed reductions in the expression of transcripts encoding several K+ channel subunits in the interventricular septum, LV free wall and LV apex of (10-12week) αMHC403/+ mice, although this transcriptional remodeling was not correlated with the observed decreases in K+ current amplitudes.
Analysis of Monte Carlo accelerated iterative methods for sparse linear systems

Summary We consider hybrid deterministic-stochastic iterative algorithms for the solution of large, sparse linear systems. Starting from a convergent splitting of the coefficient matrix, we analyze various types of Monte Carlo acceleration schemes applied to the original preconditioned Richardson (stationary) iteration. These methods are expected to have considerable potential for resiliency to faults when implemented on massively parallel machines. We establish sufficient conditions for the convergence of the hybrid schemes, and we investigate different types of preconditioners including sparse approximate inverses. Numerical experiments on linear systems arising from the discretization of partial differential equations are presented.
Two Recent Advances in Local Anesthesia: Intranasal Tetracaine/Oxymetazoline and Liposomal Bupivacaine

This paper reviews the efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of two novel formulations of local anesthetics; intranasal 3% tetracaine plus 0.05% oxymetazoline and 1.3% liposomal bupivacaine. Intranasal 3% tetracaine/oxymetazoline when delivered into the ipsilateral nostril of the target tooth has a success rate of 84–90% in completing a single restorative procedure from the second premolar forward. The maximum recommended dose is 18 mg tetracaine/0.3 mg oxymetazoline (three 0.2-ml sprays). The most common adverse effects are nasal congestion and nasal runniness. Liposomal bupivacaine is administered by infiltration injection solely for postoperative pain control and appears to provide analgesic and opioid-sparing effects in knee arthroplasty, bunionectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, and laparotomy. The maximum recommended dose is 20 ml or 266 mg although for dental impaction surgery, a maximum of 10 ml or 133 mg is all that may be required. Intranasal tetracaine/oxymetazoline is currently FDA approved only for single maxillary restorative procedures in patients weighing 88 lb or greater. Further clinical trials should include more invasive dental procedures and pediatric patients. The utility of liposomal bupivacaine following dental surgery needs to be further explored.
Walt Disney, Snow White , and the Trauma of the Real

The monumental success of Snow White (1937) would come to haunt Walt Disney in later years. By his own estimation, not one of the films that followed could ever compare to the film’s near-perfect synthesis of story, music, character, plot, and animation. Disney’s choice of source material proved to be intuitively ingenious—adding to the relatively short fairy tale was, it turns out, more efficient than his other efforts to adapt longer books to the screen by way of cutting and condensing. Snow White combined the second-order mythological undertow of the Brothers Grimm with the cartoonish gags of the dwarfs, along with an insouciant musical score that reassured the subject-viewer at every crucial moment that everything was going to be all right. The film offers a glimpse of the “traumatic kernel of the Real” that informs the fairy tale while resolving the contradiction and offering a fantasy solution that elides rather than confronts the very issues raised by the story. In the end, the film offers restorative nostalgia for an old order of stability grounded in the final image of the film that associates the Prince’s castle with the heavenly realms; restorative nostalgia offers its resolution as an ideation that ostensibly resolves or at least assuages the subject’s anxiety, fear, and sense of alienation from self and Other.
Temperature, density and ammonia effects on growth and fecundity of the ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps)

Ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps) is a freshwater gastropod found all over North America and is also an essential component to the larval and juvenile culture of endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) at the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Lab (FCCL). H. anceps has been proven effective in cleaning the excess algae while not harming the larvae. A challenge at the FCCL has been having a reliable source of these snails, since previously it has been dependent upon nature and never guaranteed there would be enough to meet the needs of the FCCL. Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of temperature, food types, rearing density and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations. Procedures recommended to increase snail fecundity for the FCCL are to rear spawning parent snails and the resultant eggs at a high temperature (16–20°C) and with a low TAN concentration (0–5 mg/L). Newly hatched snails need to be cultured at a low density (about one snail/20 cm2). After the snails grow to an acceptable size (1.3 cm diameter), they could be set aside and cultured in an environment with less optimal water quality parameters such as a high TAN level (as high as 20 mg/L) and low temperature (12°C) for quantity control prior to use.
Direct and indirect effects of procedural justice on cooperation and compliance: evidence from South Korea

AbstractProcedural justice now plays an important role in the study of policing. While most empirical research on the effects of procedural justice has been carried out in Western countries, there has been little empirical research on its effects in East Asia, where authority dynamics are thought to differ from those in the West. Using a sample of 301 South Korean citizens, this study examines the direct and indirect effects of procedural justice and other factors on cooperation and compliance with police and the law. The results show that procedural justice has a significant, positive direct effect on obligation to obey, but not on cooperation or compliance. Procedural justice has a significant, positive indirect effect on cooperation via obligation to obey, but it does not have a significant indirect effect on compliance. We discuss the implications of these results for procedural justice theory and its applications in different settings, including East Asia.
Originals: How Non-conformists Move the World. By Adam Grant, New York, NY: Viking Press, 2016, 322 pages. ISBN: 978-0-525-42956-2.

Grant, a New York Times bestselling author and management professor at Wharton, has provided an unintentionally useful book for anyone interested in fomenting social change. His synthesis of the re...
The Development of English Prose from Elizabeth to Victoria

There has been produced up to the present time no complete manual or treatise, exhibiting the origin and development of our prose. The works of Minto and Saintsbury are characterized by marked excellences, but they fail in some points of essential interest and importance. Our standard literary historians ignore, for the most part, this phase of their subject, and there is more of stimulating, suggestive criticism to be gathered from the terse prefaces that accompany Mark Pattison's edition of Pope, than from the elaborate manuals of Morley and Arnold. In discussing the growth of English prose from Elizabeth to Victoria, it is not my purpose to ignore the periods that precede the Elizabethan age. The germ of our English prose antedates by many generations the advent of that era. It may be traced back as early as the epoch of “the blameless King,” Alfred, in whose ideal character were concretely displayed those qualities of mind and heart of which the romancers of the Arthurian cycle but dreamed.
Mitigation of image intensity distortion using chaos-modulated image propagation through gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence

In recent work, mitigation of image distortion caused by modified von Karman-type (MVKS) phase turbulence has been investigated by using chaos waves generated via acousto-optic feedback in a Bragg cell whereby the chaos wave transferred to an optical carrier is either transmitted over an image-bearing transparency (with the image reconstructed thereafter using appropriate lensing), or alternatively the image (both spatial as well as dynamic) is used to modulate a chaos wave which is then propagated over the turbulent layer. These investigations have shown that the inherent properties of chaos waves enables reduction or mitigation of the image distortion under various turbulent conditions. In the work being presented here, mitigation of image distortion is explored using propagation through an atmospheric turbulent layer characterized by gamma-gamma type intensity fluctuations. The problem is analyzed under standard weak, moderate and strong turbulence conditions on the basis of the corresponding structure parameters. The relevant probability density functions are generated using small and large-scale eddies (α and β numbers) incorporated into the turbulence model. Stationary images are transmitted under non-chaotic and chaotic conditions, and the corresponding distortions in the received images are measured using the conventional metric of bit error rates (BERs). The system performances under non-chaotic and chaotic transmissions are compared with the intent to establish that packaging a signal within a chaos wave offers a degree of distortion mitigation.
The relation between fish consumption, death from all causes, and incidence of coronary heart disease. the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study.

Abstract Few published data are available on fish consumption and risk of death in women or blacks. This study assesses the level of fish consumption as a risk factor for death from all causes and selected causes, and incidence of coronary heart disease. Participants were members of the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, a longitudinal cohort study of a national sample. Included in this analysis were 8825 white and black women and men aged 25–74 years when examined in 1971 through 1975 who did not report a history of heart disease at that time. Average follow-up for survivors of 18.8 years (maximum 22.1 years). The main outcomes measured were death (all causes, cardiovascular, noncardiovascular, cancer) and incidence of coronary heart disease. Fish consumption at baseline was obtained from a 3-month food frequency questionnaire. White men aged 25–74 years with fish consumption one time/week had an age-adjusted risk of death only about three quarters that of men never consuming fish. This effect persisted after controlling for multiple risk variables (1 time/week relative risk 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.91). No additional reduction in risk was seen for consumption >1 time/week (adjusted relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.68–1.06). Similar but nonsignificant trends were seen in white and black women, but not black men. In white men, risk of noncardiovascular death but not cardiovascular death was also significantly reduced in those consuming fish once or more a week. No consistent association of fish consumption and coronary heart disease incidence or mortality was seen. White men consuming fish once a week had significantly lower risk of death over a 22-year follow-up than those never consuming fish. This was mostly attributable to reductions in death from noncardiovascular causes. Similar patterns, though not significant, were seen in women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate mechanisms for the effect of fish consumption on noncardiovascular mortality.
Clinical Decision Support

A 2-year-old girl is brought to a small rural emergency room at ten o’clock at night by her babysitter who found her in the bathroom with an open unlabeled container of her grandfather’s heart pills. The general pediatrician on call for the ER needs to identify the pills, determine what diagnostic workup is necessary, and initiate appropriate treatment. If unswallowed pills are unavailable the pediatrician might try to contact the grandfather’s physician to determine what medications he is taking. In the future, the pediatrician might access the grandfather’s electronic medical record through emergency override.
Advancing the Public Value Movement: Sustaining Extension During Tough Times

Extension must more fully and adeptly embrace the public value movement to be sustainable as a publicly funded organization, or our demise as an organization will continue. The public value steps outlined here and piloted with several Extension systems and national work groups can be informative for others interested in capturing and sharing the public value of Extension work. Overall, the Extension public value banner needs to be held high as we struggle to change the perception of our work by addressing this as a "movement" in our organizational development and not a "response" to the economic environment. With the changing U.S. economy, Extension systems are focusing more fully on accountability for investment of public funds in educational programming. Public perceptions of Extension program impacts matter now more than ever to decision-makers as public funding thins. Extension has struggled to find ways to help decision-makers understand the public value of Extension work (McGrath, Conway, & Johnson, 2007). The prevention work conducted by Extension has been seen as especially troublesome in determining public value (DeBord, 2005). Some Extension systems have responded to this need for telling the public value story by conducting workshops for staff (Kalambokidis, 2004), hiring private companies to measure economic and social impact of their work to share with legislators (Ohio State University Extension, 2010), and asking clients to articulate the public value of programs they've participated in (Bartholomay, 2007; Franz, 2009). Extension field staff report that as a result of increased pressure for accountability for program impact, a major use of their program evaluation data is "persuasive use" to help others value their work (Baughman, 2010). In this effort to maintain or gain public support for programs, Extension systems need to intentionally plan, implement, and evaluate an Extension public value movement. The Importance of Public Value Organizational sustainability for Extension now relies on translating the value of what we do to a wider audience than we have in the past. The power base for public funding now rests on more urban and younger audiences. Additional push for public accountability for organizations can be seen in three key indicators: 1) exponential growth in the American Evaluation Association membership, 2) evaluation measures put forth by the Office of Management and Budget for federal programs, and 3) the evidence-based movement for education programs (American Evaluation Association, 2010). Advancing the Public Value Movement: Sustaining Extension During Tough Times 04/28/11 07:01:16
Light-protective packaging materials for foods and beverages

Abstract: Both ultraviolet and visible light energy affect food and beverage quality. Some food components are reactive to this light energy, causing degradation in nutrients and changes in sensory characteristics. Light barrier or interference properties of packaging materials should be considered when identifying food packaging options. This chapter focuses on the susceptibility of food components and products to light damage, which causes photo-oxidation, and packaging technologies that provide light protection. The influence of light barrier packaging on sensory quality of dairy foods, beverages, and other products is presented. Traditional and innovative technologies are described in the context of food quality protection.
For James Wm. Moore: Some Reflections on a Reading of the Rules

We have become so transfixed by the achievement of James Wm. Moore and his colleagues in creating, nurturing, expounding and annotating a great trans-substantive code of procedure that we often miss the persistent and inevitable tension between procedure generalized across substantive lines and procedure applied to implement a particular substantive end. There are, indeed, trans-substantive values which may be expressed, and to some extent served, by a code of procedure. But there are also demands of particular substantive objectives which cannot be served except through the purposeful shaping, indeed, the manipulation, of process to a case or to an area of law. What follows is by no means an attempt to denigrate or undermine the ongoing trans-substantive achievement of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rather it is an exploration to rediscover the feel of a tension. That this tension has by no means been buried strikes me as one of the least appreciated dimensions of the achievement of Professor Moore. His treatise has kept before the profession a vision of the Federal Rules as a coherent structure; at the same time it has embraced the flexibility of application which lets them serve so many ends. From the outset, Professor Moore's vision of the integrity of the Federal Rules has struck me as akin to the structure of a coastline. Washed by litigation, the line must shift and shape itself to tides and storms. Viewed from the coastline itself, the shape may seem to alter dramatically. But from a continental perspective it appears remarkably stable and coherent. It is to the particularistic interaction of case and process that I shall address myself. But the choice of that focus should in no sense be read as a denial of the continental form.
Vasculitis and Strokes

Systemic vasculitis is one of the most perplexing categories of diseases known to the medical field. Since the early twentieth century, the involvement of central nervous system (CNS) has been known to occur in systemic inflammatory conditions of the blood vessels. Over the past several decades, we have increased our knowledge in understanding more about the pathogenesis, natural course, and treatment of such disorder. However, several key questions are still unanswered; making a timely accurate diagnosis of vasculitis as an etiology for stroke remains one of the biggest challenges in the world of cerebrovascular diseases. Due to the paucity of vasculitis cases, large-scale studies have been lacking. To solve this issue, an international, multicenter research infrastructure was created in 2003 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) known as the “Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium (VCRC).” VCRC provides a knowledge base and resource for researchers worldwide. Use of this database has resulted in translational and clinical studies focusing on vasculitis. There are currently several ongoing studies assessing various aspects of several vasculitic syndromes. A giant clinical data and bio-sample repository have also been established. It already contains over 48,000 patient samples of serum, plasma, DNA, and urine invaluable for biomarkers research. There are several ongoing studies in the area of noninvasive diagnostic methods such as the TABUL study in GCA. Additionally, several ongoing studies on the topic of neuropsychiatric SLE assess the utility of several advanced neuroimaging methods including diffusion tensor imaging and PET scans with novel glutamate receptor ligands.
Showcasing transnational and bilingual expertise: A case study of a Cantonese-English emergent bilingual within an after-school program centering Latinx experiences

Drawing on the concept of transnational funds of knowledge, this article examines how a Cantonese-English emergent bilingual engaged in an after-school literacy program that centered on Latinx expe...
Bernard Williams's Debt to Nietzsche: Real or Illusory?

Bernard Williams was one of just two prominent figures within the mainstream of Anglophone moral philosophy in the second half of the 20th-century to devote serious attention to Nietzsche. (Philippa Foot was the other comparably famous figure to do so, and she, unsurprisingly, shared with Williams skepticism about many orthodoxies of analytic moral philosophy during this time.) My aim is to assess the Williams-Nietzsche relationship, and the extent to which Williams learned from Nietzsche, and the extent to which he retreated from or ignored Nietzsche’s actual views. I argue that the alleged influence is mostly superficial, and that Williams’s limited engagemet with Nietzsche tells us something about the distinctive and conservative nature of Anglophone philosophy over the last century. I focus mainly on ETHICS AND THE LIMITS OF PHILOSOPHY (1985) and SHAME AND NECESSITY (1993), as well as some of Williams's articles.
Expanding the genotypic spectrum of Jalili syndrome: Novel CNNM4 variants and uniparental isodisomy in a north American patient cohort.

Jalili syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder with the most prominent features consisting of cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta. Few cases have been reported in the Americas. Here we describe a case series of patients with Jalili syndrome examined at the National Eye Institute's Ophthalmic Genetics clinic between 2016 and 2018. Three unrelated sporadic cases were systematically evaluated for ocular phenotype and determined to have cone-rod dystrophy with bull's eye maculopathy, photophobia, and nystagmus. All patients had amelogenesis imperfecta. Two of these patients had Guatemalan ancestry and the same novel homozygous CNNM4 variant (p.Arg236Trp c.706C > T) without evidence of consanguinity. This variant met likely pathogenic criteria by the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. An additional patient had a homozygous deleterious variant in CNNM4 (c.279delC p.Phe93Leufs*31), which resulted from paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 2p22-2q37. This individual had additional syndromic features including developmental delay and spastic diplegia, likely related to mutations at other loci. Our work highlights the genotypic variability of Jalili syndrome and expands the genotypic spectrum of this condition by describing the first series of patients seen in the United States.
Gastrointestinal trichobezoar: An experience with 17 cases.

Abstract Background Trichobezoar is an exceedingly rare entity in children and mimics other chronic ailments such as abdominal tuberculosis or malignancy. Delayed diagnosis and management result in various complications. The study was conducted to describe our experience with 17 consecutive cases of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) trichobezoars. Materials and methods We reviewed medical records of 17 consecutive cases of GIT trichobezoar managed in our department between January 2005 and December 2018. Results There were 3 males and 14 females. The median age of presentation was 7 years. Fifteen patients (88%) presented with abdominal pain and vomiting, while 8 (47%) had abdominal distension. Seven (41%) patients developed complications secondary to the GIT trichobezoar (intussusception and gangrene in 1, small bowel obstruction in 4, gastric perforation and massive bleeding per rectum in 1, acute transient pancreatitis and hypertension in 1). At operation, 9 (54%) patients had Rapunzel syndrome, 6 (35%) had gastric trichobezoar, and 2 (12%) had small bowel trichobezoars. One patient presented with massive bleeding per rectum and gastric perforation, succumbed postoperatively. One patient developed a recurrent trichobezoar. Conclusion GIT trichobezoar is rare in children and simulates chronic gastrointestinal ailments. Trichobezoars may reside in the alimentary tract, remain unnoticed for years, and become overt with the onset of complications. The majority of trichobezoars had a tail in our series. Life threatening complications can occur with delayed presentations. Type of study Case series. Level of evidence Level IV.
Hematologic parameters are not predictors of upgrading or treatment in a racially diverse prospective study of men with prostate cancer on active surveillance.

Introduction: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) are useful clinical biomarkers for prognosis in several malignancies. Their predictive value has been less clearly demonstrated with prostate cancer (PCa), particularly, their utility within active surveillance (AS) protocols. We aim to evaluate NLR and PLR in AS patients.Methods: We identified 98 patients who met inclusion criteria in our cohort of 274 men diagnosed with PCa on AS. Patients were then categorized into high and low NLR and PLR groups.Results: The 2.5 and 5-year Gleason upgrading free probability for our high NLR cohort was 73.9%(CI 56.3% to 97.0%) and 46.2%(CI 22.4% to 95.1%) compared to 76.3%(CI 65.7% to 88.7%) and 61.7%(CI 47.7% to 80.0%) in the low NLR cohort(p = .73). The 2.5 and 5-year Gleason upgrading free probability for our High PLR cohort was 73.5%(CI 57.3% to 94.2%) and 60.1(CI 41.4% to 87.4%) compared to 76.8%(CI 65.8% to 89.65) and 58.1%(CI 42.2% to 80.1%) in our low PLR group(p = .41). A multivariant analysis demonstrated these groups were not significant predictors of upgrading or treatment.Conclusion: Despite their usefulness in many types of malignancy, NLR and PLR were not predictors of upgrading or treatment in men on AS for localized PCa in our cohort.
18F-FDG-PET/CT Evaluation of Indeterminate Adrenal Masses in Noncancer Patients.

CONTEXT Adrenal tumors in noncancer patients are common. OBJECTIVE Evaluate performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in distinguishing between benign and malignant adrenal tumors. DESIGN Retrospective chart review 2010-2019. SETTING Academic institution. PATIENTS One hundred and seventeen noncancer patients, defined as having no history of cancer or with cancer in remission for ≥5 years, completed 18F-FDG-PET/CT to evaluate adrenal masses, with pathologic diagnoses or imaging follow-up (≥12 months). INTERVENTION 18F-FDG-PET/CT of 117 indeterminate adrenal masses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Receiver operator characteristic curve of the ratios of adrenal lesion standardized uptake value (SUV)max to liver SUVmean and of adrenal lesion SUVmax to aortic arch blood pool SUVmean were constructed. RESULTS Seventy benign and 47 malignant masses (35 adrenocortical carcinomas [ACCs], 12 adrenal metastases) were identified. Malignant masses had higher median liver SUV and blood pool SUV ratios than benign masses (6.2 and 7.4 vs 1.4 and 2.0, P < .001). Median liver and blood pool SUV ratios of ACC (6.1 and 7.3, respectively) and metastases (6.7 and 7.7, respectively) were higher than those of than adenomas (1.4 and 2.2, P < .05 for all comparisons). Optimal liver SUV ratio to discern between benign and malignant masses was 2.5, yielding 85% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 7 false negative results (including 3 ACCs). Optimal blood pool SUV ratio was 3.4, yielding 83% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 8 false negative results (including 4 ACCs). CONCLUSION When used in conjunction with other clinical assessments, 18F-FDG-PET/CT can be a valuable tool in evaluating adrenal masses in noncancer patients.