cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synergy among Multiple Methodologies: Investigating Parents' Distress after Preterm Birth:

Interpretive methodologies require a level of introspection and engagement that is different from that used in empirical and analytical methodologies. The use of multiple interpretive methodologies to explore a phenomenon, in the context of a single study, is a unique perspective for undertaking qualitative research. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the synergistic nature of combining interpretive methodologies to capture multiple facets of a phenomenon. We used two different philosophical orientations, Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology and Foucauldian discourse analysis not only to describe the differences in research questions, methods, and analyses, but also to illustrate the added insight gained from a multiple-methodological approach. The differences between interpretive methodologies, as well as the analytic value of this innovative approach, are nuanced and are best demonstrated through the analysis of an exemplar transcript using both methodologies. Although subtle methodological differences exist, the interpretations combined create a deepening understanding of the phenomenon. Awareness of how each interpretive tradition influences the language around the research question, the data collection and analysis, and overall integrity of the level of inquiry is crucial to maintaining a rigor in both traditions, yet recognition of multiple “truths” allows for a more holistic representation to be created.
Genomics of Escherichia and Shigella

The laboratory workhorse Escherichia coli K-12 is among the most intensively studied living organisms on earth, and this single strain serves as the model system behind much of our understanding of prokaryotic molecular biology. Dense genome sequencing and recent insightful comparative analyses are making the species E. coli, as a whole, an emerging system for studying prokaryotic population genetics and the relationship between system-scale, or genome-scale, molecular evolution and complex traits like host range and pathogenic potential. Genomic perspective has revealed a coherent but dynamic species united by intraspecific gene flow via homologous lateral or horizontal transfer and differentiated by content flux mediated by acquisition of DNA segments from interspecies transfers.
Approximately strategy-proof voting

The classic Gibbard-Satterthwaite Theorem establishes that only dictatorial voting rules are strategy-proof; under any other voting rule, players have an incentive to lie about their true preferences. We consider a new approach for circumventing this result: we consider randomized voting rules that only approximate a deterministic voting rule and only are approximately strategy-proof. We show that any deterministic voting rule can be approximated by an approximately strategy-proof randomized voting rule, and we provide asymptotically tight lower bounds on the parameters required by such voting rules.
Analysis of voltage collapse in power systems

The authors extend the singular value decomposition (SVD) method for detecting voltage collapse to include voltage dependent loads and Q-limited generation sources. They also propose a new indicator based on SVD, the condition number, which is more sensitive than the minimum singular value. Numerical examples and verification on the six-bus and 14-bus systems are given. >
Fertility-sparing treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.

The variety of neoplasms produced by the ovary remains a challenge to clinicians. Each must be considered individually in the young woman with early disease who wishes to preserve her childbearing capability. The risks of conservative surgery are often low, and a childless woman who is well informed may be willing to accept these risks. Careful surveillance of this group of patients is essential regardless of the management.
Volumetric breast density evaluation by ultrasound tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a preliminary comparative study

Since a 1976 study by Wolfe, high breast density has gained recognition as a factor strongly correlating with an increased incidence of breast cancer. These observations have led to mammographic density being designated a "risk factor" for breast cancer. Clinically, the exclusive reliance on mammography for breast density measurement has forestalled the inclusion of breast density into statistical risk models. This exclusion has in large part been due to the ionizing radiation associated with the method. Additionally, the use of mammography as valid tool for measuring a three dimensional characteristic (breast density) has been criticized for its prima facie incongruity. These shortfalls have prompted MRI studies of breast density as an alternative three-dimensional method of assessing breast density. Although, MRI is safe and can be used to measure volumetric density, its cost has prohibited its use in screening. Here, we report that sound speed measurements using a prototype ultrasound tomography device have potential for use as surrogates for breast density measurement. Accordingly, we report a strong positive linear correlation between volume-averaged sound speed of the breast and percent glandular tissue volume as assessed by MR.
Capacity of a certain asymmetrical binary channel with finite memory

The capacity of a certain asymmetrical binary channel is studied under the following conditions. 1) Blocks of equal numbers of binary digits are used as the transmitting symbols. 2) The channel resumes its quiescent state at the beginning of each block. 3) The memory of the channel is characterized by the dependence of the noise probabilities for each digit upon the preceding digit or digits in the same block. It is shown that, by means of simple rules and with the aid of a single set of curves or a table, the calculation of the capacity can be reduced to a routine process.
Discrete Time Queues at a Periodic Traffic Light

The response delay in clearing the queue of automobiles waiting at a traffic light can be modeled by allowing one car to leave at the end of each of a series of discrete intervals in time. The steady-state queue formed at a cycle traffic light is discussed for general stationary arrival processes. A method of solution for the case where arrivals are Poisson is described. General formulas are given for the probability of not clearing the queue during a cycle and for the expected wait at the light.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of Neurospora Deoxyhypusine Synthase cDNA and Identification of Yeast Deoxyhypusine Synthase cDNA

Abstract Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the formation of deoxyhypusine residue on the eIF-5A precursor using spermidine as the substrate. We have purified deoxyhypusine synthase from Neurospora crassa to apparent homogeneity (Tao, Y., and Chen, K. Y.(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 383-386). We have now cloned and characterized the deoxyhypusine synthase cDNA using a reverse genetic approach. Conceptual translation of the nucleotide sequence of the cloned 1258-base pair cDNA revealed an open reading frame containing 353 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 38,985. The deoxyhypusine synthase cDNA was subcloned into the expression vector pQE60 to produce a 40,000-dalton recombinant protein on SDS-PAGE which exhibited deoxyhypusine synthase activity. A GenBank search showed that the Neurospora deoxyhypusine synthase cDNA possessed significant sequence homology to a previously uncharacterized yeast sequence (accession number U00061(1994)). The yeast sequence encodes a protein of 387 amino acids that shows 69% of total amino acid identity and 80% of total amino acid similarity to the Neurospora enzyme. Sequence alignment and hydropathy analysis suggest that the yeast sequence represents deoxyhypusine synthase.
Central limit theorem for traces of large random symmetric matrices with independent matrix elements

We study Wigner ensembles of symmetric random matricesA=(a ij ),i, j=1,...,n with matrix elementsa ij ,i≤j being independent symmetrically distributed random variables $$a_{ij} = a_{ji} = \frac{{\xi _{ij} }}{{n^{\tfrac{1}{2}} }}.$$ We assume that Var $$\xi _{ij} = \frac{1}{4}$$ , fori<j, Var ξ ij ≤ const and that all higher moments of ξ ij also exist and grow not faster than the Gaussian ones. Under formulated conditions we prove the central limit theorem for the traces of powers ofA growing withn more slowly than $$\sqrt n$$ . The limit of Var (TraceA p ), $$1 \ll p \ll \sqrt n$$ , does not depend on the fourth and higher moments of ξ ij and the rate of growth ofp, and equals to $$\frac{1}{\pi }$$ . As a corollary we improve the estimates on the rate of convergence of the maximal eigenvalue to 1 and prove central limit theorem for a general class of linear statistics of the spectra.
Reconstitution and rapid partial purification of the red beet plasma membrane ATPase

Red beet (Beta vulgaris L., cv. Detroit Dark Red) plasma membrane ATPase solubilized from a deoxycholate-extracted plasma membrane fraction with Zwittergent 3–14 was reconstituted into liposomes. Detergent removal and reconstitution was carried out by column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 followed by centrifugation at 100 000 g for I h. Prior to reconstitution, optimal activity in the solubilized preparation was observed when dormant red beet tissue was used in the extraction/solubilization procedure. Following reconstitution into liposomes, ATP-dependent proton transport could be demonstrated by measuring the quenching of acridine orange fluorescence. Proton transport and ATPase activity in the reconstituted enzyme preparation were inhibited by orthovandate but stimulated by KNO3. This stimulation most likely results from a reduction in the membrane potential generated during electrogenic proton transport by the reconstituted ATPase. The ATPase activity of the reconstituted ATPase was further characterized and found to have a pH optimum of 6.5 in the presence of both Mg2+ and K+. The activity was specific for ATP, insensitive to ouabain and azide but inhibited by N;N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and diethylstilbestrol. Stimulation of ATP hydrolytic activity occurred in the sequence: K+ Rb+ Na+ Cs+ Li+ and the kinetics of K+ stimulation of ATPase activity followed non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics as observed for both the membrane-bound and solubilized forms of the enzyme. Reconstitution of the plasma membrane ATPase from red beet allowed a substantial purification of the enzyme and resulted in the enrichment of a 100 kDa polypeptide representing the ATPase catalytic subunit.
An immunoinhibitory substance in the serum of laboratory held killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus L.

Serum of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, maintained under laboratory conditions for more than four weeks, contained a factor that depressed the immunocytoadherence response to SRBC. When serum was injected into immunocompetent fish 48 h prior to antigen stimulation it was effective; when injected simultaneously with the antigen there was no effect. Fractionation of the serum by ultracentrifugation suggests that the inhibitor is either low or very low density lipoprotein. Hypophysectomy decreased immune inhibition suggesting that the production of the inhibitor may be under the control of the pituitary.
Disintegrating belt jams cobalt-60 source drive mechanism

A Picker C9 teletherapy machine cobalt‐60 source failed to retract because fragments of a badly deteriorated drive belt had caught on the drive gear and jammed the pinion gear. (AIP)
ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATORS AND FACULTY RETIREMENT IN A NEW ERA

ABSTRACT More than a decade ago, as the end of mandatory retirement for faculty approached, many academic administrators were concerned about its negative impact on their institutions. With the assistance of a variety of incentives put in place to encourage voluntary retirement, a significant number of senior faculty retired during the 1990s. Now, the looming loss of millions of “baby boomer” faculty requires rethinking faculty retirement. Administrators have two urgent issues to address: defining and maintaining a balance of junior and senior faculty, and designing and implementing effective retirement programs for this new generation of aging faculty. Important differences between previous and future generations of faculty suggest that retirement programs that worked in the past may no longer be effective for the institution—and may not appeal to the faculty. Federal and state governments, businesses, and organizations are preparing to respond to the forthcoming biggest wave of retirement in our country...
Incompressible flows of an ideal fluid with vorticity in borderline spaces of Besov type

Abstract We prove a uniqueness theorem for the Euler equations for an ideal incompressible fluid under the condition that vorticity belongs to a space of Besov type. We also prove an existence theorem in dimension two.
The de Haas-van Alphen effect in MgHg

The de Haas-van Alphen effect has been observed in the quadrivalent β-brass compound MgHg. Five frequency groups have been measured in the {110} and {100} planes along with some effective masses at high symmetry points. All five groups observed are well explained by Skriver's relativistic LMTO band calculation. A football-shaped piece predicted in the third band has the size and shape of an observed closed section which was inverted with tetragonal harmonics. The remaining orbits arise from the multipliconnected second band surface, a surface formed by connecting pockets at Γ andR with arms along 〈111〉.
Tomato genome is comprised largely of fast-evolving, low copy-number sequences

Fifty random clones (350–2300 bp), derived from sheared, nuclear DNA, were studied via Southern analysis in order to make deductions about the organization and evolution of the tomato genome. Thirty-four of the clones were mapped genetically and determined to represent points on 11 of the 12 tomato chromosomes. Under moderate stringency conditions (≤80% homology required) 44% of the clones were classified as single copy. Under higher stringency, the majority of the clones (78%) behaved as single copy. Most of the remaining clones belonged to multicopy families containing 2–20 copies, while a few contained moderately or highly repeated sequences (10% at moderate stringency, 4% at high stringency). Divergence rates of sequences homologous to the 50 random genomic clones were compared with those corresponding to 20 previously described cDNA (coding sequence) clones. Rates were measured by probing each clone (random genomics and cDNAs) onto filters containing DNA from various species from the family Solanaceae (including potato, Datura, petunia and tobacco) as well as one species (watermelon) from another plant family, Cucurbitaceae. Under moderate stringency conditions, the majority of the random clones (single copy and repetitive) failed to detect homologous sequences in the more distantly related species, whereas approximately 90% of the 20 coding sequences analyzed could still be detected in all solanaceous species. The most highly repeated sequences appear to be the fastest evolving and homologous copies could be detected only in species most closely related to tomato. Dispersion of repetitive sequences, as opposed to tandem clustering, appears to be the rule for the tomato genome. None of the repetitive sequences discovered by this random sampling of the genome were tandemly arranged — a finding consistent with the notion that the tomato genome contains only a small fraction of satellite DNA. This study, along with a companion paper (Ganal et al. 1988), provides the first general sketch of the tomato genome at the molecular level and indicates that it is comprised largely of single copy sequences and these sequences, together with repetitive sequences are evolving at a rate faster than the coding portion of the genome. The small genome and paucity of highly repetitive DNA are favourable attributes with respect to the possibilities of conducting chromosome walking experiments in tomato and the fact that coding regions are well conserved among solanaceous species may be useful for distinguishing clones that contain coding regions from those that do not.
Brain 12-HETE formation in different species, brain regions, and in brain microvessels

We used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to measure brain 12-HETE (12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) formation from endogenous arachidonic acid in different species and different brain regions and in isolated brain microvessels. When blood-free brain slices were incubated for 20 minutes we found that the rabbit and cat brain incubates contained little 12-HETE when compared to rat and mouse brain incubates. Further in vitro studies of various rat brain regions showed a generally even distribution of 12-HETE. When isolated rat or rabbit microvessels were incubated and analyzed, we found 1 and 0.25 μg, respectively, of 12-HETE/mg of microvessel protein. Also, rabbit brain had limited or no capacity to actively metabolize tritiated 12-HETE. In summary, these studies show substantial species variation with respect to brain formation of 12-HETE and indicate that the vasculature is a potentially significant contributor to the 12-HETE found in whole brain tissue.
Electrophysiologic antagonism and synergism of potassium and antiarrhythmic agents

Abstract Interactions of potassium and antiarrhythmic agents on ventricular myocardial electrophysiology were studied in 25 isolated, perfused rabbit hearts by utilizing an intracellular microelectrode technic. Perfusion of quinidine (0.01 mg./ml.) in a normal concentration of potassium (5.6 mEq./L.) caused a significant decrease in the maximal rate of depolarization (−69.1%), heart rate (−40.4%) and the action potential duration per unit of time (−13.8%). Reduction in the height of action and resting potentials was insignificant. Lowering potassium to 0.8 mEq./L., in the presence of the same concentration of quinidine, significantly increased the maximal rate of depolarization (+82.5%), the height of action potential (+8.5%) and resting potential (+9.9%). The action potential duration per unit of time also showed a significant increase (+15.2%) to control value, although the heart rate was further decreased. Initial perfusion of a low potassium solution caused a significant increase in the height of action potential (+3.3%) and resting potential (+7.0%) as well as a significant decrease in the action potential duration per unit of time (−19.2%). The maximal rate of depolarization and the heart rate showed no significant changes. Addition of quinidine to this low potassium perfusate did not produce any appreciable changes in the maximal rate of depolarization, or in the height of action and resting potentials. The action potential duration per unit of time again returned to its control level. Hence, the electrophysiologic action of quinidine was nullified by a low potassium concentration in both groups of experiments. Quite a similar antagonism was demonstrated between low potassium concentration and other antiarrhythmic agents (antazoline and SU-11636), while high potassium concentration (12 mEq./L.) enhanced the depressive effects of these three drugs. The electrophysiologic mechanism of antiarrhythmic agents was discussed, and the clinical importance of controlling serum potassium concentration during the administration of these agents was suggested.
Self/Inner Development of Educational Administrators: A National Study of Urban School District Superintendents and College Deans.

This national study of 128 superintendents from urban, large-city schools and college of education deans investigates strategies for coping with stress through self/inner development. Participants defined self/inner development as: balance, self-actualization, values, personal improvement, inner focus, and relationships. Self/inner development terms used most frequently in the workplace were: values, ethics, heart, love, morals, spirit, and meaning of life. Practices most often used include: physical activities, reading, music, meditation, silence and solitude, and dream work. Participants also shared suggestions for how to find time for these practices. Self/inner development should be incorporated into university administrator preparation programs and in-service professional development using mentoring, modeling, and dialogue. Implications are important to addressing shortages, frequent turnover, and burnout of leaders.
After‐School Program Engagement: Links to Child Competence and Program Quality and Content

Abstract This 2‐year study assessed program‐level differences in after‐school program (ASP) engagement in relation to child competencies (effectance motivation, social competence, school grades) and program quality and content. Participants were 141 children (M age = 8.4 years) who attended 9 ASPs in an urban, disadvantaged city in the United States. Measures of competence were determined from classroom teachers’ ratings, and program engagement, quality, and content were assessed primarily through observation. Results from a hierarchical linear model showed that program‐level differences in engagement predicted children’s social competence and effectance motivation (but not school grades) in a linear, positive direction (p < .05). This relation held after modeling several selection factors and prior competence. Engaging ASPs were also significantly higher in program quality and tended to devote more time to enrichment activities and less time to homework and non‐skill‐building activities.
Instability of film coating of wires and tubes

The stability problem of the free coating of wires and tubes by withdrawal is formulated and solved. The necessary condition for the stability of the film coating is given explicitly in terms of the Reynolds number, wave number, the Weber number, and implicitly in terms of the withdrawal velocity. The outcome of the competition between the destabilizing capillary pinching and the stabilizing capillary restoring force associated with the film thickness variation is shown to dictate the stability of the film. The comparisons between the present theoretical results and the known experimental results for falling films and creeping annular threads of viscous liquids are good. A possible application of the present results to some aspects of the qualitative design of a coating process is given.
Taylor–Couette flow of ferrofluid: Spin field and spin boundary condition effects

We solve for the steady flow solutions of a ferrofluid between concentric cylinders (the Taylor-Couette problem) and consider the effects of the spin field and the spin boundary conditions on the flow. In particular, our model includes the full spin equations. We analyze families of solutions for a range of realistic flow parameters and radial magnetic fields. Particular attention is paid to regimes in which different spin boundary conditions lead to significantly different flow profiles.
On Becoming a Critically Reflexive Practitioner

Critically reflexive practice embraces subjective understandings of reality as a basis for thinking more critically about the impact of our assumptions, values, and actions on others. Such practice is important to management education, because it helps us understand how we constitute our realities and identities in relational ways and how we can develop more collaborative and responsive ways of managing organizations. This article offers three ways of stimulating critically reflexive practice: (a) an exercise to help students think about the socially constructed nature of reality, (b) a map to help situate reflective and reflexive practice, and (c) an outline and examples of critically reflexive journaling.
A novel p21 attenuator which is structurally related to sorafenib

p21 is a member of the cyclin kinase inhibitor family of proteins and plays pivotal roles in cellular proliferation as well as in the regulation of apoptosis, and thus has diverse functions in diseases as varied as cancer and atherosclerosis. In light of its pleiotropic effects and potential clinical relevance, new methods of attenuation of p21 protein levels by selective inhibitors are therefore powerful tools to probe malignant, infectious and other diseases. Here we introduce a novel p21 attenuator, UC2288, which possesses consistent and relatively selective activity for p21. UC2288 was synthesized based on the chemical model of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that also attenuates p21, but unlike sorafenib, UC2288 did not inhibit Raf kinases or alter p-ERK protein levels. UC2288 decreased p21 mRNA expression independently of p53, and attenuated p21 protein levels with minimal effect on p21 protein stability. In addition, UC2288 inhibits cell growth in the kidney cancer cell lines (GI50 = approximately 10 µM) as well as multiple other cancer cell lines. Thus, this novel p21 inhibitor will be indispensable for exploring the function of p21, and upon further study may be translatable to the clinic.
Determination of wall shear stress in the aorta with the use of MR phase velocity mapping

MR phase velocity mapping was used to calculate wall shear stress (WSS) in the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta, two sites with very different proclivities for development of a atherosclerosis. For the eight subjects studied, the average value of the mean (time averaged over the cardiac cycle) WSS in the suprarenal aorta was 10.4 dynes/cm2 at the posterior wall and 8.6 at the anterior wall. In the infrarenal aorta, WSS values were 4.7 at the posterior wall and 6.1 at the anterior wall. Peak WSS over the cardiac cycle was 48 and 54 at the anterior and posterior walls of the suprarenal aorta, respectively, and 33 and 30 at the anterior and posterior walls of the infrarenal aorta, respectively. Wide variation was found in both mean and peak WSS values among subjects. However, for 28 of 32 locations examined, mean and peak WSS were higher in the suprarenal aorta than in the infrarenal aorta. Because atherosclerosis is more likely to form in the infrarenal aorta than in the suprarenal aorta, this study supports the hypothesis that low WSS is a localizing factor for atherosclerosis, and high WSS may act as a deterrent against formation of atherosclerosis.
Factors Predicting Birth Weight in a Low-Risk Sample: The Role of Modifiable Pregnancy Health Behaviors

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine background and modifiable pregnancy health behavior factors predicting infant birthweight in an economically and educationally disadvantaged sample with low medical risk. Methods: Participants were recruited from a family practice center in rural Appalachia. Participants: Over 220, predominantly Caucasian and lower SES women with low risk pregnancies were included in the sample. Data were collected through systematic chart review. Half of the women smoked during pregnancy and over 10% gave birth to low birth weight (LBW; < 2500 g) babies. Results: Compared with those who gave birth to normal weight newborns, women with LBW babies had more miscarriages, but did not differ significantly on other background factors. Women who delivered LBW babies gained less weight during pregnancy and were more likely to smoke than remaining women. After control for background factors, modifiable pregnancy health behavior factors (weight gain, prenatal care, smoking, alcohol and substance use) accounted for over 11% of birth weight variance, with nearly 7% attributable solely to smoking. Conclusions: Pregnancy smoking was the strongest behavioral predictor of LBW in this economically and educationally disadvantaged rural sample, suggesting that efforts to reduce LBW in similar populations should include targeting pregnancy smoking.
Studies on the Mechanism of Erythrocytosis Associated with a Uterine Fibromyoma

Summary. Erythrocytosis has occasionally been associated with uterine fibromyoma and attributed to an inappropriate elaboration of erythropoietin (Ep) by the tumour. Whether Ep per se, its precursor substrate, or activator analagous to the renal erythropoietic factor (REF) is produced, has not been defined. In a 54-yr-old woman with erythrocytosis and uterine fibromyoma, plasma, urine and tumour extracts were examined to clarify these possible mechanisms. Preoperatively, elevated serum and urinary Ep were present with constant levels over a range of haematocrits induced by serial phlebotomy. Extracts of the tumour did not generate Ep when incubated with normal serum, nor did they contain substrate activity for known REP. Tumour extracts did, however, possess Ep activity which was abolished with anti-Ep. The patient has remained haematologically normal more than 1 yr following surgery. The data show that the erythrocytosis associated with uterine fibromyoma is mediated through the direct production of Ep by the tumour and not by a substrate-REF-like mechanism as found in the normal kidney.
Regional and temporal variability in distribution and abundance of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs, larvae, and adult biomass in the Chesapeake Bay

Patterns and variability in reproductive output of pelagic fish are seldom determined at the ecosystem scale. We examined temporal and spatial variability in spawning by bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), and in distribution and abundances of its pelagic early-life stages, throughout Chesapeake Bay. On two cruises in June and July 1993, ichthyoplankton and zooplankton were collected on 15 transects at 18.5-km (10 nautical mile) intervals over the 260-km length of the bay. Finer-scale sampling was carried out in a grid of stations between two transects on each cruise. Regional abundance patterns of bay anchovy eggs and larvae in the lower, mid, and upper Bay were compared with zooplankton abundances, environmental variables, and biovolumes of two gelatinous predators—the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha and the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Abundances of anchovy eggs, and, especially, larvae were higher in July than in June. Baywide daily egg production increased from 4.25×1012 in June to 8.43×1012 in July. Concentrations of zooplankton that are potential anchovy prey nearly doubled on a baywide basis between June and July, while biovolumes of the ctenophore declined. Except for scyphomedusan biovolumes, all analyzed organisms differed regionally in abundance and were patchily distributed at 1-km to 10-km sampling scales. Negative correlations between larval anchovy abundances and gelatinous predator biovolumes suggested that predation may have controlled abundances of bay anchovy early-life stages. Biomasses of adult anchovy, estimated from daily egg productions, were higher in the lower Bay and remarkably similar—23,433 tons in June and 23,194 tons in July. Most spawning by bay anchovy occurred during July in the seaward third of Chesapeake Bay, emphasizing the importance of this region for recruitment potential of the Bay's most abundant fish.
Pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

The three biologic activities most commonly associated with tumors that produce Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy (HHM) include; 1) adenylate cyclase stimulating activity (FJX-like activity), 2) in vitro bone resorbing activity, and 3) transforming growth factor activity. The canine adenocarcinoma (CAC-8) model of HHM contains all three activities and the first two are inhibited by a FIT-I receptor antagonist. These data in light of the recent purification of F’TH-related peptides from human tumors suggest that CAC-8 produces a F’TH-related protein that is important in the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia. The CAC-8 tumor is a well characterized example of HHM and offers several advantages for further investigations on the pathogenesis of HHM: 1) transplantable tumor line from a spontaneous neoplasm in the dog, 2) tumor extracts contain the three biologic activities associated with HHM, 3) slow progressive growth rate in nude mice permits investigations on treatment of HHM, 4) increased bone resorption and formation in nude mice mimics the effects of F’TH on bone, and 5) the only model of HHM that has been demonstrated to contain bone resorbing activity that can be inhibited by a F’TH receptor antagonist.
Prediction of the migration behavior of organic acids in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

The migration behavior of an homologous series of phenols in micellar electrokinetic chromatography is quantitatively presented. This model describes mobility in terms of fundamental physical and chemical constants of each solute (acid dissociation constant Ka, micelle binding constant Km, the pH of the buffer, and the micelle concentration ([M]) in the buffer. The model was used to predict the mobility of each solute over a two-dimensional pH/[M] space. Predicted and actual electropherograms show the usefulness of this technique.
Anxious attitudes and blue bodies

Abstract This text is un(co)authored. It violates all of the rules. J.D. wrote most of it; much is a copy. J.D. does not get credit; E.A. does not get credit; M.N. does not get credit because she did not know anything about it@8ithere are no property rights, just writes. Academic court(ier)s convened. Sentences can be passed once read.
Learning to reproduce a consistent functional jaw movement

Several studies on the ability of a subject to perceive position and movement of the mandible have been done. Through the use of a computer pantograph and statistical analysis, it was determined that subjects were unable to learn to reproduce a consistent functional jaw movement.
EFFECTS OF STEADY ANGLE OF ATTACK ON NONLINEAR GUST RESPONSE OF A DELTA WING MODEL

Abstract The effects of a steady angle of attack on the nonlinear aeroelastic response of a delta wing model to a periodic gust have been studied. For the theoretical analysis, a three-dimensional time-domain vortex lattice aerodynamic model and a reduced order aerodynamic technique were used and the structure was modelled using von Karman plate theory that allows for geometric strain–displacement nonlinearities in the delta wing structure. Also, an experimental investigation has been carried out in the Duke wind tunnel using a rotating slotted cylinder gust generator and an Ometron VPI 4000 Scanning Laser Vibrometer measurement system to measure deflections (velocities) of a delta wing test model. The fair to good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment verifies that the present analytical approach has reasonable accuracy and good computational efficiency for nonlinear gust response analysis in the time-domain. The results also contribute to a better physical understanding of the nonlinear aeroelastic response of a delta wing model to gust loads when the steady angle of attack is varied.
S-Shaped Pin-Fins for Enhancement of Overall Performance of the Pin-Fin Heat Sink

In this paper the authors are studying the effect of introducing S-shaped pin-fin structures in a micro pin-fin heat sink to enhance the overall thermal performance of the heat sinks. For the purpose of evaluating the overall thermal performance of the heat sink a figure of merit (FOM) term comprising both thermal resistance and pumping power is introduced in this paper. An optimization study of the overall performance based on the pitch distance of the pin-fin structures both in the axial and the transverse direction, and based on the curvature at the ends of S-shape fins is also carried out in this paper. The value of the Reynolds number of liquid flow at the entrance of the heat sink is kept constant for the optimization purpose and the study is carried out over a range of Reynolds number from 50 to 500. All the optimization processes are carried out using computational fluid dynamics software CoventorWARE™. The models generated for the study consists of two sections, the substrate (silicon) and the fluid (water at 278K). The pin fins are 150 micrometers tall and the total structure is 500 micrometer thick and a uniform heat flux of 500KW is applied to the base of the model. The non dimensional thermal resistance and nondimensional pumping power calculated from the results is used in determining the FOM term. The study proved the superiority of the S-shaped pin-fin heat sinks over the conventional pin-fin heat sinks in terms of both FOM and flow distribution. S-shaped pin-fins with pointed tips provided the best performance compared to pin-fins with straight and circular tips.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Productivity in Education: The Quintessential Upstream Industry

Using consistent test score data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress and data on per-pupil spending, I show that the productivity of American public schools fell by approximately half from 1970 to 2000. The most reliable international data also suggest that productivity in American public schools is lower than that of numerous other industrialized countries, including the remaining English-speaking ones. I explore explanations for the decline in productivity, including changing sociodemographics, Baumol's "cost disease," rising wages of female college graduates, the increasing emphasis on educating disadvantaged children, rising market power, and the education sector's relative decrease in pay for performance. I review evidence that suggests that schools raise their productivity and use of pay for performance when they face competition. I also describe results that indicate that individual teachers have important, distinctive effects on achievement.
Hemolytic assay of complement and its components from syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and mongolian gerbil (Mariones unguiculatus)

Abstract Syrian hamster sera may be assayed for hemolytic complement (C) activity by standard procedures with sensitized sheep erythrocytes as used for human sera, but mongolian gerbil sera had higher complement titers when tested with sensitized guinea pig erythrocytes as target cells. The optimal conditions for in vitro testing of hamster C were pH 7.3, ionic strength 0.15, and presence of 1 μM of Mg 2+ and 0.3 μM Ca 2+ . For gerbil C the optimum pH was 8, ionic strength 0.074, and the same concentration of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ as for hamster. Incubation at 37°C for 60 minutes yielded optimal results. Complement components in the serum of both species could be tested with commercially prepared intermediates of sheep erythrocytes pretreated with guinea pig C1 and human C4 respectively, using purified human C2 through 9 and standard methods applied for testing human C components. Both species have all nine components of the complement system.
Immunochemical studies of the combining sites of the two isolectins, A4 and B4, isolated from Bandeiraea simplicifolia.

Abstract The specificity of two isolectins, A 4 and B 4 , of Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I (BS-I) was studied by quantitative precipitin, precipitin inhibition, as well as by competitive binding assays using various blood group substances and tritium-labeled human B substance. A 4 precipitated well with A 1 , A 2 , B, and precursor substances, with A 2 precipitating less strongly than did A 1 substance; H, Le a and Le b substances did not react. Precipitin inhibition and competitive binding assays confirmed the precipitin data that A 4 is most specific for terminal nonreducing α-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -galactopyranose ( d GalNAc) but also reacts with oligosaccharides with terminal nonreducing α-linked d Gal, thus accounting for its blood group A and B specificities. Of the oligosaccharides tested, A 4 reacted best with d GalNAcα1 → 3 d Gal and a trisaccharide d GalNAcα1 → 3 d Galβ1 → 3 d GlcNAc (A 5 II) was equally active, suggesting that the A 4 site is no larger than a disaccharide. B 4 precipitated well with B substances and with a precursor substance to a lesser extent, while A 1 A 2 , H, Le a , and Le b substances were inactive. Precipitin and competitive binding assays showed that it reacted well with oligosaccharides with terminal α-linked d Gal with d Galα1 → 3 d Gal being most active, while l Fucαl → 2 d Galα1 → 3 d Galβ1 → 4 d GlcNAcβ1 → 6-R (BR L 0.44) was much less active, indicating a substitution at the subterminal residue affects the binding substantially and indicating that the B 4 site involves at least the subterminal α1 → 3 linked d Gal. The B 4 site was found to be strictly B specific.
Photoelectrochemical studies on aqueous suspensions of some nanometal oxide/chalcogenide semiconductors for hydrogen production

Photoproduction of hydrogen was achieved by photolysis of aqueous suspensions of mixed TiO2/V2O5 or CdS/ZnS semiconductor (SC) nanoparticle in phosphate buffers containing [Fe(CN)6]4−. Manipulations of the band structure of the SC materials took place by either combining oxides/sulphides in binary mixtures or by modification of the SC surface with an organic semiconductor. Studies show that the bandgap of these mixed materials varied monotonically with the percent composition of the mixture. Furthermore, results show that maximum generation of hydrated electrons by [Fe(CN)6]4− occurred at pH 6. Mixtures of CdS/ZnS showed greater photoactivity than metal oxides TiO2/V2O5. On the other hand, surface-modified CdS or TiO2 gave much better photoreduction than the high percentage composite mixtures. The aqueous nanosystems used in these studies sustained their stability as indicated by the reproducibility of their photocatalytic activities.
Fenofibric acid for hyperlipidemia.

Introduction: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (i.e., statins) are the mainstay of therapy for hyperlipidemia, as per the current National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommendation. However, the role of other agents, such as the fibrates, is continually being debated in the context of incremental risk reduction, especially in the setting of mixed dyslipidemia. Results from the ACCORD Trial have further added to the confusion. Fibrates also have a role to play in familial hyperlipidemias and in hypertriglyceridemia. Fenofibric acid is one of the newly approved forms of fenofibrate with enhanced bioavailability and was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administation (FDA) for the treatment of various types of hyperlipidemia, in conjunction with statins. Areas covered: This article reviews the role of fenofibric acid in the context of results from recent randomized trials on fenofibrate, including the ACCORD Trial. It discusses the current status of fenofibr...
On the relationship between the stability margin and the phase margin for multivariable systems

One of the main concerns in the area of control theory is the ability of a system to remain stable in the presence of unknown perturbations. Consequently, it is important to be able to measure relative stability of systems and thus be able to determine if they are robust and will remain stable when subjected to various perturbations. For single-input single-output feedback systems relative stability in the frequency domain is typically measured in terms of the phase margin and the gain margin. For multivariable systems, however, relative stability in the frequency domain is typically measured at some point in the control loop in terms of the size of the smallest destabilizing perturbation (either multiplicative or additive). The stability margin is a standard technique used to measure relative stability for unstructured perturbations while the Doyle µ function is a common method used to measure relative stability for structured perturbations. The problems with these measurements is that they are based upo...
Crystal fields and intensities of triply ionized rare-earth ions in cubic lanthanum oxyfluoride: an efficient 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 9/2 LaOF:Nd laser

We report the first known completely a priori attempt to predict crystal-field splittings and luminescence properties of rare-earth impurity ions in a host crystal. Starting with the reported crystal structure, we calculate crystal-field parameters Bkm (from the three-parameter theory) and intensity parameters Ωλ (from the Judd–Ofelt theory) for the 4fn configurations of the thirteen rare-earth ions Ce3+ through Yb3+ in cubic lanthanum oxyfluoride. The Stark-splitting schemes of the 4F3/2, 4I9/2, and 4L11/2 levels of Nd3+ in LaOF are presented, and possible laser emissions originating from the 4F3/2 level are examined. Multiplet-to-multiplet and line-to-line fluorescence branching ratios are given and compared with those calculated for existing Nd3+ lasers. It is predicted that cubic LaOF that is doped with Nd3+ may be a promising tunable, efficient laser material in the wavelength region from 850 to 950 nm, corresponding to optical transitions from 4F3/2 to 4I9/2.
Measurements of hadronic asymmetries in e+ e- collisions at LEP and SLD

High precision experimental new electroweak results measured at the four LEP experiments and the SLD collaboration are discussed. Heavy quark (\(b\bar b\) and \(c\bar c\)) forward-backward asymmetries measured at LEP are presented along with polarized forward-backward and left-right asymmetries measured at SLD. The results are compared, and the combined averages are used to evaluate the Standard Model parameters.
Cyclic strain behavior of magnetostrictive polymer composite transducer materials

We report cyclic strain measurements form an experimental Terfenol-D actuated polymer matrix composite. Basic material constitutive response are identified as functions of frequency. Anhysteric theory is used to quantitatively model the behavior of the composite. Insight provided by the analysis is used to suggest material design changes leading to improved composite performance.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Syntactic structure and natural language mediation

If natural language is important in the memory devices that Ss generate in verbal-learning experiments, it should follow that a memory device’s effectiveness is related to its grammatical structure. Data are reported that show only a weak relationship between the grammatical characteristics of reported mediational devices and acquisition in a paired-associate learning task.
“The worst of superstitions”: Milton's of true religion and the issue of religious tolerance

(1986). “The worst of superstitions”: Milton's of true religion and the issue of religious tolerance. Prose Studies: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 21-38.
High-Energy Photons from Compton Scattering of Light on 6.0-GeV Electrons

Compton scattering of optical photons on 6.0-GeV electrons has been observed at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator. A giant-pulsed ruby-laser burst of 0.2 J, impinging upon a 2-mA circulating electron current, was observed to yield about 8 scattered photons per pulse. These photons acquire, through a twofold Doppler shift, energies of hundred of MeV, and are expected to retain to a high degree the polarization of the laser beam. The observed yield is compatible with predictions based upon the theory of Compton scattering.
The Dependence on H2O and on NH3 of the Kinetics of the self-reaction of HO2 in the gas-phase formation of HO2·H2O and HO2·NH3 complexes

Electron pulse radiolysis at ⋍298°K of 2 atm H2 containing 5 torr O2 produces HO2 free radical whose disappearance by reaction (1), HO2 + HO2 →H2O2 + O2, is monitored by kinetic spectrophotometry at 230.5 nm. Using a literature value for the HO2 absorption cross section, the values k1 = 2.5×10−12 cm3/molec·sec, which is in reasonable agreement with two earlier studies, and G(H) G(HO2) ⋍13 are obtained. In the presence of small amounts of added H2O or NH3, the observed second-order decay rate of the HO2 signal is found to increase by up to a factor of ⋍2.5. A proposed kinetic model quantitatively explains these data in terms of the formation of previously unpostulated 1:1 complexes, HO2 + H2O ⇋ HO2·H2O (4a) and HO2 + NH3⇋ HO2·NH3 (4b), which are more reactive than uncomplexed HO2 toward a second uncomplexed HO2 radical. The following equilibrium constants, which agree with independent theoretical calculations on these complexes, are derived from the data: 2×10−20≲K4a≲6.3 × 10−19 cm3/molec at 295°K and K4b = 3.4 × 10−18 cm3/molec at 298°K. Several deuterium isotope effects are also reported, including kH/kD = 2.8 for reaction (1). The atmospheric significance of these results is pointed out.