cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric fluxes of water and sediments in a mesotidal mudflat channel

The hydrodynamics of a small tributary channel and its adjacent mudflat is studied in Willapa Bay, Washington State, USA. Velocity profiles and water levels are simultaneously measured at different locations in the channel and on the mudflat for two weeks. The above tidal flat and channel hydrodynamics differ remarkably during the tidal cycle. When the water surface level is above the tidal flat elevation, the channel is inactive. At this stage, the above tidal flat flow is predominantly aligned along the Bay axis, oscillating with the tide as a standing wave with peak velocities up to 0.3 m/s. When the mudflat becomes emergent, the flow concentrates in the channel. During this stage, current velocities up to 1 m/s are measured during ebb; and up to 0.6 m/s during flood. Standard equations for open-channel flow are utilized to study the channel hydrodynamics. From the continuity equation, a lateral inflow is predicted during ebb, which likely originates from the drainage of the mudflat through the lateral runnels. Both advective acceleration and lateral discharge terms, estimated directly from the velocity profiles, play a significant role in the momentum equation. The computed drag coefficient for bottom friction is small, due to an absence of vegetation and bottom bedforms in the channel. Sediment fluxes are calculated by combining flow and suspended sediment concentration estimated using the acoustic backscatter signal of the instruments. A net export of the sediment from the channel is found during ebb, which is not balanced by the sediment import during flood. When the mudflat is submerged, ebb-flood asymmetries in suspended sediment concentration are present, leading to a net sediment flux toward the inner part of the Willapa Bay. Finally, a residual flow is detected inside the channel at high slack water, probably associated with the thermohaline circulation.
Routes to Control of H~2 Coulomb Explosion in Few-Cycle Laser Pulses

We have measured coincident ion pairs produced in the Coulomb explosion of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ by 8--30 fs laser pulses at different laser intensities. We show how the Coulomb explosion of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ can be experimentally controlled by tuning the appropriate pulse duration and laser intensity. For laser pulses less than 15 fs, we found that the rescattering-induced Coulomb explosion is dominated by first-return recollisions, while for longer pulses and at the proper laser intensity, the third return can be made to be the major one. Additionally, by choosing suitable pulse duration and laser intensity, we show ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ Coulomb explosion proceeding through three distinct processes that are simultaneously observable, each exhibiting different characteristics and revealing distinctive time information about the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ evolution in the laser pulse.
Ground-penetrating radar observations of enhanced biological activity in a sandbox reactor

Funding for this project was through the National Science Foundation CAREER grant 0134545 awarded to J.F. Devlin and NSF EAR/IF-0345445 for acquisition of GPR instrumentation awarded to G. Tsoflias. The opinions, findings, and recommendations of this study are the views the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the National Science Foundation. We would like to thank Mike McGlashan, Kwan Yee Cheng, Kelly Peterson, Lindsay Mayer, and Breanna Huff for assistance with this project. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that led to the improvement of this manuscript.
Reliability investigation of NiPtSi electrical fuse with different programming mechanisms

The reliability of NiPtSi/p-poly Si electrical fuses with different programming mechanisms, i.e., electromigration and thermal rupture, was investigated in terms of fuse resistance stability and fuse array functionality for the 65-nm technology node. The resistance of the fuses programmed within the electromigration programming window was found to be very stable; resistance shift was only observed on fuses programmed in the underprogrammed mode, which results in incomplete electromigration. For fuses programmed with the thermal rupture mechanism, both resistance shift and functional sensing fails were observed. Furthermore, a guard band was defined for fuses programmed with an electromigration mechanism to ensure sufficient margins for fuse reliability. However, a guard band cannot be defined for fuses programmed with a rupture mode due to the unpredictable nature of the rupture programming mechanism. The unprogrammed fuse elements were shown to be stable through extensive reliability evaluations.
Apomorphine: Bioavailability and effect on stereotyped cage climbing in mice

Plasma levels of apomorphine and its conjugates were studied following intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral administrations to mice. Following hydrolysis, apomorphine and its conjugates were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The absolute bioavailability of apomorphine was 4%. A significant first-pass effect due to extensive conjugation in the liver was postulated based on calculated bioavailabilities and comparison of plasma levels of apomorphine and its conjugates following oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous administrations. Apomorphine-induced stereotypical cage climbing in mice was investigated following administration of apomorphine by the three routes. Analysis of time-course data obtained from the cage-climbing experiments indicated an absolute bioavailability of 16% for apomorphine.
Two-ported cache alternatives for superscalar processors

Superscalar implementations of RISC architectures are emerging as the dominant high-performance microprocessor technology for the mid-1990's. For instruction-level parallelism to increase beyond present levels, multiple memory operations per cycle are required. The paper evaluates several alternatives for two-ported data cache memory systems. A new split data cache memory design is compared to a more conventional true dual-ported memory. Experimental simulations are used to determine the performance benefits of these cache models on superscalar processors. These experiments are reported for a contemporary processor with modest instruction-level parallelism and for a hypothetical very aggressive, highly parallel processor. >
The Performance Characteristics of Two Extensions of the Sign Detector

Two related techniques have been proposed in the past for improving the performance of the sign detector through higherorder data quantization. The fixed-threshold m -interval detector and the generalized sign detector using a conditional test are both nonparametric detectors which are fairly simple to implement. In this paper we compare the asymptotic and finite-sample, finite-signal performance characteristics of these two detectors, and point out their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Do Real Numbers Really Move? Language, Thought, and Gesture: The Embodied Cognitive Foundations of Mathematics

Robotics, artificial intelligence and, in general, any activity involving computer simulation and engineering relies, in a fundamental way, on mathematics. These fields constitute excellent examples of how mathematics can be applied to some area of investigation with enormous success. This, of course, includes embodied oriented approaches in these fields, such as Embodied Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Robotics. In this chapter, while fully endorsing an embodied oriented approach to cognition, I will address the question of the nature of mathematics itself, that is, mathematics not as an application to some area of investigation, but as a human conceptual system with a precise inferential organization that can be investigated in detail in cognitive science. The main goal of this piece is to show, using techniques in cognitive science such as cognitive semantics and gestures studies, that concepts and human abstraction in general (as it is exemplified in a sublime form by mathematics) is ultimately embodied in nature.
Encouraging Record Use for Financial Asset Questions in a Web Survey

We report on two experiments to encourage record use by respondents in an Internet survey. The experiments were conducted in the 2009 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Internet Survey, administered to those in the HRS panel with Internet access, and in the 2011 HRS Internet Survey. Encouraging respondents to consult records at the relevant point in the questionnaire significantly increased reported record use (from 39 percent to 47 percent), but was insufficient to produce significant changes in the precision (amount of rounding) of the information reported. Including the encouragement in the mailed invitation to the Web survey in 2011 resulted in a lower response rate (77 percent with encouragement, 80 percent without), but increased reported record use among respondents (from 46 percent to 55 percent). In neither case was the increase in reported record use large enough to produce significant differences in the precision of the information reported between the groups with and without encouragement.
Translating data flow to synchronous block diagrams

We propose a method to automatically transform synchronous data flow diagrams into synchronous block diagrams. The idea is to use triggers, a mechanism that allows a block to be fired only at selected times. We discuss how to extend the transformation to also cover dynamic data flow diagrams where the number of tokens produced and consumed by blocks is variable. Our method allows widespread tools such as Simulink which are based on the synchronous block diagram model to be used for data flow diagrams as well.
Characterization of a New Antibody Raised against the NH2 Terminus of P-Glycoprotein

Purpose: Cancers exposed to chemotherapy develop multidrug resistance, a major cause for chemotherapy failure. One mechanism of multidrug resistance development is due to overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in these cancer cells. Thus, a prechemotherapy evaluation of Pgp in cancer cells aids in the design of alternative regimens that can circumvent such failure. As few Pgp-specific antibodies are available in detecting low levels of Pgp, there is a need for preparing an antibody that allows the detection of Pgp by various immunologic methods. Experimental Design: We selected the amino acid stretch 11 to 34 in the cytoplasmically located NH 2 terminus of Pgp as antigen, which was chemically synthesized and used to raise an antibody in a rabbit, termed NH 2 11 antibody. We compared the properties of NH 2 11 antibody with that of the well-characterized Pgp-specific antibody, C219, by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunoblotting analysis suggested that NH 2 11 antibody efficiently interacts with both recombinant and constitutively expressed Pgp in cancerous and noncancerous human cells. Immunoprecipitation reactions indicated that the NH 2 11 antibody selectively immunoprecipitates Pgp. Immunocytochemical analyses indicated that the NH 2 11 antibody detects Pgp in drug-resistant breast cancer cells as well as in human prostate and breast adenocarcinoma tissue sections. Conclusion: As the NH 2 11 antibody detects Pgp present in cells and tissues, we conclude that the amino acid sequence to which this antibody was raised is highly antigenic and the antibody is useful in the detection of Pgp by a variety of immunologic methods.
Microregulation of plaque neovascularization.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is an important phenomenon in various physiological processes, such as embryonic development and pathological conditions, including acute and chronic inflammatory processes, such as wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and tumor progression.1 Plaque neovascularization, first described by Koester more than 100 years ago,2 is thought to participate intimately in the growth and progression of human atherosclerosis.3,4 However, its pathophysiological significance is under debate.3,5 In atherosclerotic intima, newly formed blood vessels are distributed irregularly but ubiquitously at specific sites of medial disruption, especially in the plaque shoulder and atheroma.3,4 Furthermore, in coronary atherosclerosis, the intima and media of complicated plaques are infiltrated with a tumor-like mass of microvessels.4 In both cases, most of these vessels are immature and leaky, permitting inflammatory cell infiltration and influx of blood constituents.3 See accompanying article on page 1562 It is now recognized that atherosclerosis is not merely a lipid disorder but also a chronic inflammatory disease.6 For instance, the endothelium of intimal capillaries shows increased E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels compared with the artery surface,7 which suggests a positive feedback loop between atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation, …
The kinetics of rescue of the murine sarcoma virus genome from a nonproducer line of transformed mouse cells

Abstract A nonproducer line of mouse cells transformed by Moloney sarcoma virus was superinfected with Moloney leukemia virus, and the efficiency and latent periods of production of leukemia and sarcoma virus were determined by means of an infectious center technique which measures whether individual cells have produced one or both viruses at various times after infection. The results indicated that all cells producing leukemia virus also produced sarcoma virus, and that the two viruses appeared on the infected cells at the same time.
Covalent Interaction of Dehydroretronecine, a Carcinogenic Metabolite of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Monocrotaline, with Cysteine and Glutathione

The covalent interaction of dehydroretronecine, a carcinogenic metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, with cysteine and glutathione, has been investigated. Dehydroretronecine was allowed to react with cysteine and glutathione in an in vitro system of phosphate buffer solutions. The reaction products were identified structurally by chromatographic, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet, and mass-spectral analysis. These data indicate that the reaction products are the sulfhydryl-linked 7-thiocysteine-dehydroretronecine and 7-thioglutathione-dehydroretronecine. Active alkylation of sulfhydryl groups is a possible mechanism by which these alkaloids interact with cellular components.
DFT Studies of the Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Isolated Molybdena Species Supported on Silica

Different cluster models of isolated MoVI molybdate species anchored on silica surface were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Isolated molybdate centers were modeled as either a penta-coordinated mono-oxo species or a tetra-coordinated di-oxo species. Standard free energy changes for interconversion between mono-oxo and di-oxo species indicate that these two species can coexist in equilibrium on the surface of amorphous silica with di-oxo species being the favored species at high temperature and low partial pressures of water. Comparison of Raman-spectra from experiment and DFT suggests that di-oxo species might be the prominent species responsible for the peak at 988 cm-1. This conclusion is strongly supported by the similarity in the EXAFS spectra obtained from experiment and theory. The thermodynamics for H2 reduction of isolated molybdate species were determined and found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental observation. DFT calculations of the structure and properties of ...
Effects of stoichiometry on the magnetic and structural properties of perpendicular barium ferrite thin film media

The effects of stoichiometry factor n on the magnetic and structural properties of perpendicular barium ferrite thin films with composition of BaO.n(Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/) were systematically investigated. Within the range 2.2<n<6, the c-axis for barium ferrite thin films can be oriented perpendicularly by the use of a Pt underlayer and with optimized processing conditions. Perpendicular c-axis orientation becomes worse as n decreases from 6 to 2.2. The average grain size was greatly reduced from about 2000 /spl Aring/ to 300 /spl Aring/ with the decrease of n. The decrease of the grain size can be related to the existence of nonmagnetic phase BaFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, which was observed by X-ray diffraction.
The War Industries Board, 1917–1918; A Study in Industrial Mobilization.

With the advent of “total war” in Europe, America was shocked into a realization of the inadequacy of her defense measures in the event of becoming involved. While ideas conflicted sharply as to what our attitude toward the war should be, most schools of thought united in urging increased preparedness, and Congress appropriated staggering sums for defense. But the realization likewise came that preparedness involves more than mere appropriations—it takes time, and men, and materials, and industrial plants, and above all, coordination, in order to maintain defenses ample by modern standards. So as we contemplate the possibility of war, the spotlight focuses on our industrial system as perhaps the most important single factor in defense.The entrance of this country into the last war found us similarly unprepared, from both a military and an industrial standpoint, and it was almost a year before the industries of the nation were meeting the tremendous demands thrust upon them, with production just reaching its peak at the time of the Armistice.
Rehabilitation research focused on neurorehabilitation.

This article describes how the practice area of neurorehabilitation has been plagued by an over reliance on anecdotal interventions and overuse of non-standardized assessments until relatively recently. Occupational therapists have realized the need to raise the bar first and foremost so the cutting-edge and high-quality service be provided to those served and to ensure the viability of occupational therapy as a reimbursable and necessary service. Fortunately, a renewed focus on evidence-based and occupation-based practice has resulted in a substantial increase in the research available to interpret and implement neurorehabilitation.
Aligning Expectation and Reality About IT Career Preparation: Perception of Job Competencies by Students, New Professionals, and Employers

The skills that individuals need to compete in the knowledge economy place the emphasis on improving science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education in general and information technology (IT) education in particular. Understanding the underlying use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all aspects of life sets the educational agenda that guides IT technician education and the future skill sets of IT workers. Prior research has focused on the value of undergraduate IT degrees but not enough is known about the impacts that IT education may have on student employment success and the labor market. This study examines current IT students’ job competency expectations provided in IT college curricula, identifies the actual job competencies new IT professionals need, and describes the alignment between these competencies and the staffing needs reported by northwest Florida employer job postings. This paper presents preliminary findings of the four-year, National Science Foundation Advanced Technological Education (NSF ATE) project, Assessing Information Technology Educational Pathways That Promote Deployment and Use of Rural Broadband in which IT technician education is viewed from the perspective of the student and new professional in an effort to examine how IT workers meet the needs of employers.
Abstract W P185: Clinical Predictors of Stroke, TIA and Mimic among Patients with Transient Neurological Dysfunction Admitted to an Emergency Department Observation Unit

Background: In patients with resolved symptoms, transient ischemic attack (TIA) is distinguished from ischemic stroke by neuroimaging evidence of acute infarction. DW-MRI has been shown to be more sensitive at detecting infarction than CT, but is not uniformly available in the acute setting. Hypothesis: We sought to identify predictors of stroke diagnosis among a cohort of clinically suspected TIA patients undergoing an accelerated diagnostic protocol in an emergency department observation unit (EDOU). Methods: We prospectively studied 189 patients treated in the EDOU of a single tertiary care academic medical center. Patients underwent DW-MRI of the brain (unless contraindicated), and bedside neurologist evaluation. A CT scan of the brain was considered optional prior to EDOU admission. We compared the odds of extremity weakness, sensory loss, facial droop, visual disturbance, slurred speech, aphasia, dizziness, and headache between patients with final diagnosis of stroke, TIA and mimic. This study was approved by the hospital IRB. Results: Thirty-one patients (16%) were diagnosed with an acute ischemic stroke, 85 (45%) TIA, and 73 (39%) mimic. Mean age was 64.8 years (SD = 15.5; range = 30-90). DW-MRI was performed on 92% of patients. A CT scan was also performed in 80% of patients diagnosed with stroke and 0 were diagnostic. Median ABCD2 scores were 4 for stroke and TIA (IQR 3-5) and 3 for mimic (IQR 2-4). Only headache symptoms predicted lower odds of stroke (OR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.96). Both headache (OR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03-2.03) and visual disturbance (OR 3.14; 95% CI: 1.49-6.65) increased the odds of mimic diagnosis, but were also present in 13% and 10% of stroke patients respectively. Slurred speech (OR 0.48: 95% CI: 0.25-0.93); aphasia (OR 0.34 95% CI: 0.15-0.76) and facial droop (OR 90.36: 95% CI: 0.14-0.94) significantly predicted lower odds of mimic diagnosis. Conclusions: In our investigation of patients with transient neurologic dysfunction in an EDOU, stroke diagnosis was common and could not be predicted by clinical variables alone. Early DW-MRI should be considered in all TIA patients, especially those reporting slurred speech, aphasia or facial droop.
Bacterial and Protozoal Gastroenteritis

IN recent years there have been numerous advances in our understanding of the increasingly varied range of microorganisms that infect the gastrointestinal tract. These agents range from newly identified bacterial pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, and a still growing range of types of Escherichia coli to protozoal, algal, and fungal enteric pathogens. This overview will provide an update and a practical approach to the understanding, diagnosis, and management of nonviral infectious diarrhea. It is particularly important to understand the epidemiologic setting and pathogenesis of these infections, because they provide a clinical basis for diagnosis and management. A highly selective . . .
Experimental study on the effect of adenosine disodium triphosphate on myocardial infarction rats

Objective To investigate the effect of adenosine disodium triphosphate( ADT) on myocardial infarction in rats. Methods The acute myocardial infarction rat model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The model rats were divided into five groups randomly: model group,ADT 1,2,4 mg·( kg·d)- 1and enalaprilat 10 mg·( kg·d)- 1,and the other 8 rats received sham surgery.The effect of ADT on myocardial infarction rats included left ventricular of configuration,the degree of myocardial hypertrophy and pulmonary edema,scope of myocardial infarction and myocardial remodeling were determined by color Doppler echocardiography,hemodynamic,heart weight,lung water content and the content of collagen type Ⅰand Ⅲ after continuous dosing for 30 days. Results Compared with model,ADT can improve left ventricular function of myocardial infarction rats,improve significantly left ventricular ejection fraction significantly,reduce left ventricular end- diastolic pressure and cavity size,the lung water content and the range of myocardial infarction,inhibit ventricular remodeling,etc. Conclusion ADT can improve the cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats.
Maria Irene Fornes, The Conduct of Life

The Conduct of Life (1985) is one of Maria Irene Fornes’s most critically acclaimed plays. This work brings together issues of politics, gender, and sexuality to show how forms of national and domestic violence often exist in direct relationship to one another. The play centers on Orlando, a career military officer who interrogates and tortures prisoners at the command of an unseen fascist regime in an unspecified Latin American country. His goal is to steadily rise in military rank and obtain “maximum power.” In the opening scene, Orlando vows “to eliminate all obstacles,” including his wife and his own excessive “sexual passion.” Unapologetic, he graphically describes the torture he inflicts. Fornes’s purposefully disturbing dialogue illustrates the rapid pace at which Orlando becomes desensitized to the violence demanded by his military employment and his ensuing brutal treatment of the women in his home. Clearly obsessed with the power he gains from interrogation and torture, Orlando cannot separate the boundaries between military and domestic spaces. He kidnaps a homeless twelve-year-old girl named Nena and keeps her locked in the basement, where he methodically sexually abuses her. Fellow soldier and friend Alejo witnesses Orlando’s disturbing violent behaviors in both spaces. Yet, regardless of his revulsion to Orlando’s acts, he remains a passive bystander.
PCOS in Adolescence: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Management Considerations

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a difficult diagnosis in adolescents due to overlapping symptoms of puberty. However, signs and symptoms of PCOS arise in the peri-pubertal years; therefore, irregular menses in adolescents should be addressed by thorough evaluation. Establishing the presence of hyperandrogenemia is key to the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents, although controversy exists about the accuracy and comparability of testosterone testing across laboratories. Insulin resistance is closely linked to the pathophysiologic perpetuation of the condition and is targeted by safe and effective treatment with metformin. Other treatments include oral contraceptive pills and anti-androgens. Given that there are no long-term treatment studies on the effects of different treatment modalities as they apply to obese and non-obese phenotypes of adolescent PCOS, current management is guided by the general therapeutic principles of these drugs, targeting the individual phenotype. More treatment and long-term outcome studies need to be performed for this age group in order to gain a better understanding of the benefits of early intervention in terms of medical sequelae.
The rhabdomyoblast in mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus and ovary. An immunohistochemical study of myoglobin in 25 cases.

Forty per cent of 25 uterine and ovarian mixed mullerian tumors contained stainable myoglobin that was present in the abundant cytoplasm of large rounded tumor cells. Intracytoplasmic cross striations identified rhabdomyoblasts in 32% of the cases, but were difficult to find. The authors believe that the immunoperoxidase technic successfully demonstrates skeletal muscle differentiation in a high proportion of mixed mullerian tumors and may be employed as a suitable diagnostic aid. However, the nonspecific staining of benign and malignant squamous elements should be interpreted with caution.
Fault location identification of a hybrid HVDC-VSC system containing cable and overhead line segments using transient data

Identifying the exact fault location within a HVDC system is critical in order to perform rapid system restoration for enhanced system reliability and operation. A method is proposed to locate faults using transient system data generated by the fault with system measurements at the HVDC converter terminals. The proposed method can locate temporary and permanent faults on a hybrid HVDC-VSC system, where the transmission medium consists of long segments of both underground cable and overhead line. The proposed routine is based on modeling the behavior of the traveling wave and making use of Rogowski coils for measurements.
Health Care Decision Making for Unbefriended, Incapacitated Adults: A Value-Committed Policy Transfer Analysis

ABSTRACTAdults who lack decisional capacity and known family or friends to serve as their health care agent are an increasing concern. This article examines the transferability of Texas and Florida legislation, which stipulates the persons eligible to serve as health care decision makers for unbefriended, incapacitated adults in the absence of an advance directive. Texas §313.004 allows for a clergyperson to serve in this role, whereas Florida Ann. §765.401 allows for a social worker with the requisite licensure or training. The authors provide a critical comparative value-committed analysis of the factors that influence state legislation that addresses the needs of unbefriended adults.
Effect of Planococcus citreus on Selected Quality Indices of Penaeus Shrimp.

Selected biochemical and microbial changes in Penaeus shrimp inoculated with Planococcus citreus were examined to determine the potential of this organism to contribute to spoilage of shrimp. Biochemical and microbial studies were conducted following storage of Penaeus shrimp at 5 C for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days. Three samples, a control (raw shrimp), an irradiated (600 Krad) control and an irradiated (600 Krad) sample inoculated with P. citreus , were analyzed for changes in aerobic plate count, pH, total volatile nitrogen/amino acid nitrogen (TVN/AA-N) ratio, trimethyl amine-nitrogen (TMN) and total extractable protein (TEP). P. citreus counts increased in the inoculated shrimp from 3.0 × 103 bacteria/gram at 0 day to 1.5 × 108 bacteria/gram at the 16th day. By the 16th day of storage, the pH of the inoculated shrimp was significantly higher than the pH of the other samples. P. citreus inoculated onto irradiated shrimp was able to produce a TVN/AA-N ratio of 1.3 by the 10th day of storage, about the same time as that developed by the natural flora on raw shrimp. The increase in TMN content of the control (raw shrimp) and the inoculated sample were not significantly different. P. citreus was also able to bring about a significant decrease in the percent TEP of shrimp during storage. These changes indicate the capabilities of P. citreus in lowering the overall quality of Penaeus shrimp.
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE IN THE 1980s

ABSTRACT Continuing advances in device technology will result in substantially higher speed devices at rapidly diminishing costs. These changes will in turn have a significant impact on computer architecture in the next decade, and on the wide-scale proliferation of computer systems in new applications. The microprocessor of today will eventually evolve to a processor with the power of a minicomputer or perhaps a medium-scale computer, and will be ultra-compact and low cost. Non-mechanical auxiliary memories are likely to be available as well. The computational power and low cost of these computer systems will see them used in the home, office, and industry where they have not been used before. Medium-scale systems will tend to be total systems that are service oriented rather than hardware oriented. A major service will be that of the information utility to provide data to a widely distributed pool of on-site computers. Data may include library programs, text, mail, numerical data, or other similar items whose value depend on timeliness, completeness, and cost of creation. Large-scale computer systems may achieve two to three orders of magnitude speed improvement over the next decade. A large portion of this will come from the faster devices. Another significant portion will come from higher replication factors. For large numerical computations, the vector processor of today may evolve to a hybrid vector processor-multiprocessor to provide efficient operation on both scalar and vector types of computations. Large arrays of microprocessors may be constructed to solve special classes of problems where the low cost and high-replication factor might achieve gains unavailable in a vector processor of similar cost.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Participation in Student-Run Free Clinics and Changes in Empathy in Medical Students.

Purpose: We explored differences in changes in medical student empathy in the third year of medical school between volunteers at JeffHOPE, a multisite medical student–run free clinic of Sidney Kimm...
Perception of Virtual Audiences

A growing body of evidence shows that virtual audiences are a valuable tool in the treatment of social anxiety, and recent works show that it also a useful in public-speaking training programs. However, little research has focused on how such audiences are perceived and on how the behavior of virtual audiences can be manipulated to create various types of stimuli. The authors used a crowdsourcing methodology to create a virtual audience nonverbal behavior model and, with it, created a dataset of videos with virtual audiences containing varying behaviors. Using this dataset, they investigated how virtual audiences are perceived and which factors affect this perception.
Perspectives of water effects in polymers through molecular dynamics

Until materials and material strategies are developed that can ignore the effects of moisture, one issue that will always be a concern for any polymer used in electronics is the effect of water on the polymer's physical properties (both its' final function and its' ability to withstand integration processes) and the reliability of the final composite structure. Over the years, molecular modeling has proven that it can be used in a qualitative fashion to target the most likely interface impacted by water and determine trend-wise how the adhesion or integrity will change. This paper will show specific examples of how water influences were modeled and deduced, both in pure molecular models and in scaled mesoscale models. These models demonstrate that Newtonian dynamics on such a small scale is still sufficient to inform the developer how the molecular structure can impact the expected mechanical integrity such as adhesion and reliability, and how water or other molecules (that can influence interfacial properties) may arrive at an interface through diffusion. For instance, when molecular simulations of specific interfaces are targeted, the trajectories show very graphically how water interacts at the interface and serves to drop the energy resistance to an applied stress. The same may be said for the effect of water on the diffusion properties of unwanted molecules through polymer layers, however in the case of diffusion, there are issues of association/agglomeration that may impact the diffusing species. The paper will also capture work showing the scalability of molecular models up thru the coarsegrained molecular-mesoscale level (using parameters derived from molecular models), and the possibilities of scaling further.
Probable Propafenone-Induced Transient Global Amnesia

Objective:To describe a probable case of transient global amnesia caused by propafenone. This adverse effect has not been previously described for this agent.Case Summary:A 61-year-old man with a history of sick sinus syndrome with persistent atrial fibrillation and infrequent premature ventricular contractions was admitted to the hospital for symptoms of amnesia and disorientation to time, place, and date. He began taking propafenone only 6 days prior to admission because of uncontrolled atrial fibrillation and symptoms of fatigue. His atrial fibrillation subsequently had converted to normal sinus rhythm while he received propafenone without adverse effects prior to this episode. His symptoms of amnesia resolved approximately 6–7 hours after discontinuing the propafenone therapy.Discussion:Propafenone is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent that blocks fast sodium channels in heart muscle and Purkinje fibers similar to the action of encainide and flecainide. It also produces weak beta- and calcium-channel blo...
Medical Advances in the Treatment of Sports Injuries

In the most simplistic biomechanical model, nerves stimulate muscles, muscles produce forces, tendons transmit forces from muscle to bone, bones act as levers, and joints act as fulcrums to create movement. To achieve the intricate movements of a gymnast or the power and speed of a sprinter, a series of complex interactions within the components of the musculoskeletal system must be orchestrated. Neurophysiological, intracellular and biomechanical processes are all involved in creating movement.
Recent Developments in Hologram

Following a review of the synthetic aperture (hologram) radar concept, several new developments are described. The first is the acquiring of range information by holographic means alone (that is, without the use of pulses). This process acquires two-dimensional data from a one-dimensional record, comparable to the acquiring, in a two-dimensional hologram, of three-dimensional information. The second development utilizes broad band, incoherent signals for the illuminating and reference waves in a bistatic radar or sonar system, with narrow band filtering procedures for generating a plurality of one-dimensional zone plates. The third development permits the maximum range of synthetic aperture systems to be extended by many times. The paper concludes with a brief note discussing the parallel processing aspects of the synthetic aperture technique.
The Biology of the Deadly Love Connection Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease of women in the world and a leading cause of women’s deaths. Many risk factors such as genetics, hormones, aging, and environment have been associated with breast cancer. Interestingly, a large number of epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that obesity and diabetes, especially type-2 diabetes, are associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Similarly, these chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer, are also a major public health concern in the world. Fifty percent of the United States’ population is overweight, thirty percent is obese, and ten percent has diabetes mellitus. Therefore, obesity and diabetes mellitus have been considered as potential risk factors for many cancers but this chapter is focused only on breast cancer. Although the mechanisms responsible for the development of these chronic diseases leading to the development of breast cancer are not fully understood, the biological importance of the activation of insulin, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathways in insulin-resistance mechanism and subsequent induction of compensatory hyperinsulinemia has been proposed. Therefore, targeting insulin/IGF-1 signaling with anti-diabetic drugs for lowering blood insulin levels and reversal of insulin-resistance could be a useful strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of breast cancer. Increased numbers of clinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of commonly used anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin decreases the risk of cancers, suggesting that these agents might be useful anti-tumor agents for the treatment of breast cancer. In this chapter, we will discuss the potential roles of anti-diabetic drug metformin as anti-tumor agents in the context of breast cancer, and will further discuss the potential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, and breast cancer.
Changing the culture of patient safety: leadership's role in health care quality improvement.

Article-at-a-Glance Background For two decades health care workers have been struggling, with varying degrees of success, to use the principles of continuous quality improvement (CQI) to improve the quality of patient care. The Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human prompted most hospitals to turn their attention to the pandemic of medical errors and to the realization that without changing the culture of blame, and thus releasing an avalanche of information, major improvement would not be possible. This article describes one community hospital's approach to changing its organizational culture and the critical role of leadership in that transformation. The realities The places to look for trouble when diagnosing organizational problems are purpose, structure, rewards, helpful mechanisms, relationships, and leadership. Hospitals are professional bureaucracies in that the real power resides with clinical staff. Improvement requires that effective relationships be built within the executive suite. Relationship and team building must be part of the organizational culture. Quality improvement will not occur unless it is clearly aligned with the organization's core objectives. Conclusions Managing the five realities is essential to creating a suitable environment for sustaining clinical or more general CQI efforts within health care organizations. This is particularly crucial if the basic culture of the organization is to be changed. All five realities must be addressed on a continual basis, which takes time, and positive outcomes can be expected only over a longer rather than shorter time frame.
Proceedings of the FSE/SDP workshop on Future of software engineering research

It my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to FoSER 2010: The FSE/SDP Workshop on the Future of Software Engineering Research. This workshop was organized in collaboration with and made possible by generous support from the Software Design and Productivity Coordinating Group (SDP) of the U.S. National Coordination Office (NCO) for Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). This one-time, international working conference has brought together top academic and industrial researchers and government research funding agency personnel from around the world to engage in an extended discussion of consequential new ideas about the future of our field. The ideas produced by this workshop will be disseminated in two forms. First, the position papers accepted by the program committee will be published in a companion to the Proceedings of FSE-18. Second, the workshop findings will be published subsequently in a special report by NITRD/SDP. The call for papers for FoSER 2010 solicited 4-page position papers with new ideas about the future of software and software-reliant systems, and the research that will be needed to meet future needs. Papers were expected to be creative and thought-provoking, and to articulate compelling new perspectives, positions, problem formulations, assumptions and approaches. The workshop did not seek, and did not accept, technical research papers or abstracts. The workshop received a total of 139 position papers. Of these, 90 papers (65%) were accepted. Each paper was reviewed by at least two members of the workshop program committee. The committee was asked to accept all papers presenting significant new ideas about how our field should move forward.
Aretē: "We As Black Women"

Studies of Black US women servicemembers too often depict their stories as replete with post-war trauma and transition difficulty. However, crisis is not their only, or most salient, story. As warriors, as women perceived as invaders on male military turf, and as Black women who have persistently fought against racist discrimination, they occupy perhaps the most complicated position in the US military. Grounded Theory analysis allows us to hear their authentic voices and explore their stories of origin: their aspirations, trials, and successes. Using this material as foundational, this analysis will show that Black US servicewomen possess a standpoint all their own, i.e., a perspective on their experience that affords them, and their audiences, deeper insight into their civilian and military contexts than typical and stereotypical inquiries allow. The evidence is clear—Black US servicewomen have developed strategies of perseverance and cohesion that distinguish them as the group most likely to survive and resolve the crises they endure.
The Coeducational Physical Education Class Program at the College Level

(1939). The Coeducational Physical Education Class Program at the College Level. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 20-32.
Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Tumor/Thrombus Debulking Using the AngioVac Transcatheter Aspiration Device.

Abstract Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is routinely used for guidance of cardiac procedures, but more and more intraoperative echocardiographers are being asked to apply their knowledge and expertise to areas of noncardiac surgery. We present a case where TEE was used to guide the transcatheter aspiration of tumor/thrombus from the IVC in a patient with renal cell carcinoma who was not an operative candidate. During the procedure a portion of the tumor/thrombus embolizes and TEE was essential for the visualization of this tumor in transit and the subsequent management of the patient. Because the use of TEE for the guidance of these procedures appears to be growing, we used the discussion of this case as an opportunity to put together a step by step guide for the use of TEE in this setting.
Drugs and smoking.

Generally, one should keep in mind that if a smoker takes a drug that is metabolized primarily by the CYP 1A2 system, an increased dose may be required. The patient should be closely monitored if he or she is taking several medications that may inhibit or induce the CYP 1A2 isoenzyme. Hepatic enzyme metabolism does not completely explain the effects of smoking on drugs, however, because smokers may have different physiologic responses to pain and sedation that depend on changes in plasma protein binding and in the rate and efficacy of subcutaneous absorption. Most of the few sex/gender-analyzed pharmacokinetic studies in smokers occurred after 1995. It appears that the 1993 changes at the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration regarding inclusion of women in clinical trials enabled these examinations to take place. Because smokers--who make up nearly a quarter of the U.S. adult population--tend to consume more medications than nonsmokers, this social habit should be considered one of the most important to impact on drug metabolism in both sexes.
Mechanistic Study of Enhanced Protonation by Chromium(III) in Electrospray Ionization: A Superacid Bound to a Peptide.

Addition of trivalent chromium, Cr(III), to solutions undergoing electrospray ionization (ESI) enhances protonation and leads to formation of [M + 2H]2+ for peptides that normally produce [M + H]+....
Pulling Back the Curtain on Moral Reasoning and Ethical Leadership Development for K–12 School Leaders:

Using the Defining Issues Test of moral reasoning, researchers gathered pre- and posttest data from educational leadership students (N = 52) and confidence levels in enacting ethical school leaders...