cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Governments Shape the Risk of Civil Violence: India's Federal Reorganization, 1950-56

Governments are absent from empirical studies of civil violence, except as static sources of grievance. The influence that government policy accommodations and threats of repression have on internal violence is difficult to verify without a means to identify potential militancy that did not happen. I use a within-country research design to address this problem. During India's reorganization as a linguistic federation, every language group could have sought a state. I show that representation in the ruling party conditioned the likelihood of a violent statehood movement. Prostatehood groups that were politically advantaged over the interests opposed to them were peacefully accommodated. Statehood movements similar in political importance to their opponents used violence. Very politically disadvantaged groups refrained from mobilization, anticipating repression. These results call into question the search for a monotonic relationship between grievances and violence and the omission of domestic politics from prominent theories of civil conflict.
A solution to the adaptive nulling problem with a look-direction constraint in the presence of coherent jammers

A new adaptive technique is presented that is capable of nulling coherent, as well as incoherent, jammers while maintaining a fixed gain in the look direction. The technique depends on the use of new kind of correlation matrix and a subtractive preprocessor. It does not require any spatial smoothing. It requires 2M elements to null M-1 coherent jammers in the presence of noise. The matrix used in the technique is such that its unbiased estimate in the presence of noise can be obtained. This helps making the algorithm robust to noise in finding the desired weight vector to be used by the array.
Suppository delivery of 5-fluorouracil in rectal cancer.

Background: Preoperative radiotherapy with concomitant intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU-IV) is effective in shrinking locally advanced rectal cancers and facilitating subsequent surgery. Topical 5-FU application may enhance its radiosensitizing and cytotoxic effects. Suppository and intravenous 5-FU administration were compared with respect to myelosuppression and tissue concentrations.
Measuring the effect of air pollutants on bacterial luminescence: a simplified procedure.

Abstract A simple procedure is described for measuring luminescence loss of Photobacterium cells in the presence of polluted atmospheres. It is applicable for studies in the laboratory or on ambient air. With this bioassay a dose-response was obtained for products formed in the irradiation of cis -2-butene and NO 2 . The photochemical products were characterized by oxidant measurements. In laboratory tests the bioassay responded linearily to 15 min exposures of photochemical products when the oxidant levels were in the range of 0.2–0.45 μ 1 1 . Tests conducted in ambient air indicated the responses to photochemical pollutants when the oxidant concentration was as low as 0.05 μ 1 1 . This bioassay can therefore be used to measure pollutant levels at concentrations associated with eye irritation and vegetation damage.
Simultaneous single neuron recording of O2 consumption, [Ca2+]i and mitochondrial membrane potential in glutamate toxicity

In order to determine the sequence of cellular processes in glutamate toxicity, we simultaneously recorded O(2) consumption, cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), and mitochondrial membrane potential (mDeltapsi) in single cortical neurons. Oxygen consumption was measured using an amperometric self-referencing platinum electrode adjacent to neurons in which [Ca(2+)](i) and mDeltapsi were monitored with Fluo-4 and TMRE(+), respectively, using a spinning disk laser confocal microscope. Excitotoxic doses of glutamate caused an elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) followed seconds afterwards by an increase in O(2) consumption which reached a maximum level within 1-5 min. A modest increase in mDeltapsi occurred during this time period, and then, shortly before maximal O(2) consumption was reached, the mDeltapsi, as indicated by TMRE(+) fluorescence, dissipated. Maximal O(2) consumption lasted up to 5 min and then declined together with mDeltapsi and ATP levels, while [Ca(2+)](i) further increased. mDeltapsi and [Ca(2+)](i) returned to baseline levels when neurons were treated with an NMDA receptor antagonist shortly after the [Ca(2+)](i) increased. Our unprecedented spatial and time resolution revealed that this sequence of events is identical in all neurons, albeit with considerable variability in magnitude and kinetics of changes in O(2) consumption, [Ca(2+)](i), and mDeltapsi. The data obtained using this new method are consistent with a model where Ca(2+) influx causes ATP depletion, despite maximal mitochondrial respiration, minutes after glutamate receptor activation.
Continuity in the plastic strain rate and its influence on texture evolution

Classical plasticity models evolve state variables in a spatially independent manner through (local) ordinary differential equations, such as in the update of the rotation field in crystal plasticity. A continuity condition is derived for the lattice rotation field from a conservation law for Burgers vector content—a consequence of an averaged field theory of dislocation mechanics. This results in a nonlocal evolution equation for the lattice rotation field. The continuity condition provides a theoretical basis for assumptions of co-rotation models of crystal plasticity. The simulation of lattice rotations and texture evolution provides evidence for the importance of continuity in modeling of classical plasticity. The possibility of predicting continuous fields of lattice rotations with sharp gradients representing non-singular dislocation distributions within rigid viscoplasticity is discussed and computationally demonstrated.
Solution of the Bethe-Goldstone equation without partial-wave decomposition

We present a method for solving the nucleon-nucleon scattering equation without the use of a partial wave expansion of the scattering amplitude. After verifying the accuracy of the numerical solutions, we proceed to apply the method to the in-medium scattering equation (the Bethe-Goldstone equation) in three dimensions. A focal point is a study of Pauli blocking effects calculated in the (angle-dependent) three-dimensional formalism as compared to the usual spherical approximation. We discuss our results and their implications.
Long extension reeling in the stratosphere - A progress report

Results of the second flight of the Harvard Reel Down balloon-born winching system, in which a more complex photochemical detection package was twice lowered from a float altitude of 39 km and reeled back to the winch, are reported. Modifications over the original package design include improvements to the winch platform and reconstruction of the suspended detection package for specific ClO measurement and for tight weight control. Controlled velocities of 4-7 m/sec were implemented for both of the scans, and the package was brought to a brief stop during the first scan to evaluate dynamic effects. The results demonstrate the operational effectiveness of the system.
Theoretical studies in molecular recognition: Enantioselectivity in chiral chromatography

The enantioselective binding of optical analytes on chiral stationary phases used in column chromatography is investigated with molecular modeling techniques. By rolling the analytes over the van der Waals surface of the phase, configurations are sampled and free energies of transient diastereomeric complexes are computed. These free energies allow us to compute chromatographic separability factors and a linear relationship between computed and observed values is found. The intermolecular potential energy surfaces of these diastereomeric complexes are flat with gentle rolling hills and multiple minima. The binding sites are ill-defined and the analytes are found to freely slide over the chiral stationary phases. An energy partitioning algorithm is used to determine how much of the total binding energy is attributable to a given molecular fragment on the phase. It is found that the fragments of the phase bearing the stereogenic carbons are the least cognizant of differences between optical antipodes.
System modeling of the Thirty Meter Telescope alignment and phasing system

We have developed a system model using the System Modeling Language (SysML) for the Alignment and Phasing System (APS) on the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). APS is a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor that will be used to measure the alignment and phasing of the primary mirror segments, and the alignment of the secondary and tertiary mirrors. The APS system model contains the ow-down of the Level 1 TMT requirements to APS (Level 2) requirements, and from there to the APS sub-systems (Level 3) requirements. The model also contains the operating modes and scenarios for various activities, such as maintenance alignment, post-segment exchange alignment, and calibration activities. The requirements ow-down is captured in SysML requirements diagrams, and we describe the process of maintaining the DOORS database as the single-source-of-truth for requirements, while using the SysML model to capture the logic and notes associated with the ow-down. We also use the system model to capture any needed communications from APS to other TMT systems, and between the APS sub-systems. The operations are modeled using SysML activity diagrams, and will be used to specify the APS interface documents. The modeling tool can simulate the top level activities to produce sequence diagrams, which contain all the communications between the system and subsystem needed for that activity. By adding time estimates for the lowest level APS activities, a robust estimate for the total time on-sky that APS requires to align and phase the telescope can be obtained. This estimate will be used to verify that the time APS requires on-sky meets the Level 1 TMT requirements.
Two recursive estimates of autoregressive models based on maximum likelihood

Estimates for autoregressive models are obtained by approximating the maximum likelihood estimates in two ways. A recursive algorithm for computing the resulting estimates for increasing model orders is presented. To calculate a pth order estimate 0(p 2) arithmetic operations are required; hence for high order model fitting, the method is more economical than standard solutions using Gaussian elimination, for example. The Levinson–Durbin recursions for the Yule-Walker estimates can be regarded as a special case of the algorithm presented here.
The RNA modification database—1998

The RNA modification database provides a comprehensive listing of posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides from RNA, and is maintained as an updated version of the initial printed report [Limbach,P.A., Crain,P.F. and McCloskey,J.A. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , 22, 2183-2196]. Information provided for each nucleoside includes: the type of RNA in which it occurs and phylogenetic distribution; common chemical name and symbol; Chemical Abstracts registry number and index name; chemical structure; initial literature citations for structural characterization or occurrence, and for chemical synthesis. The data are available through the World Wide Web at: http://www-medlib.med.utah/RNAmods/RNAmods .html
Spirituality as an Irreducible Human Motivation and Process

Researchers and practitioners have defined the critical functions of religion in terms of presumably more basic psychological, social, and physiological functions, such as self-regulation, anxiety-reduction, community, meaning, and evolutionary advantage. While there is support for each of these perspectives, this paper asserts that the most fundamental function of religion is spiritual; that is, people are motivated to discover, sustain, and transform a relationship with something sacred in their lives. Drawing on a variety of theoretical and empirical sources, this paper presents evidence that spirituality is an important, irreducible motivation and process in and of itself. This approach places spirituality where it belongs, at the center of the psychology of religion and spirituality. The paper concludes by considering some theoretical, practical, and empirical implications of a nonreductive approach to spirituality.
Investigation of the hydroformylation of ethylene in liquid carbon dioxide

Abstract In situ, high-pressure NMR was used to investigate the hydroformylation reaction of ethylene in liquid CO 2 using Rh(CO) 2 acac as the catalyst precursor and ( p -CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 P, tris( p -trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphine, as the ligand under different thermodynamic conditions ( T =10–23 °C, P CO = P H 2 =10–15 bar, P C 2 H 4 =10–15 bar, P CO 2 =207 bar). 1 H-NMR was used to monitor the reaction progress of the hydroformylation of ethylene with a rhodium catalyst under select conditions of temperature and CO 2 solvent pressure. Potential resting states of the rhodium catalyst were investigated by 31 P{ 1 H}-NMR. This is the first description of a rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation reaction in liquid CO 2 monitored in situ by high pressure NMR.
Stability of pulses in the master mode-locking equation

The master mode-locking equation is a canonical model for mode locking in solid-state lasers. We consider the dynamics and stability of the localized pulse solutions that this equation admits of. We provide analytic proof of stable mode-locking behavior along with analysis that shows that mode locking can become destabilized as a result of either a radiation-mode or a saddle-node instability. This is to our knowledge the first analytic proof of the stability of the pulse solutions that takes the time-dependent gain saturation mechanism of mode-locked lasers into account.
Luna 16 - Relative proportions and petrologic significance of particles in the soil from Mare Fecunditatis.

Some 2380 lithic and vitreous particles from levels A and G of the Luna 16 core-tube sample were classified. The relative proportions of particle types from each of the two layers are reported, and some petrological and mineralogical aspects of the lithic and vitreous components of the lunar regolith are discussed. Possible sources of the particles in the Luna 16 soil are examined.
Effort, energy, and appraisals of an aversive incentive : effects of self-esteem and avoidant task difficulty

Abstract Male and female undergraduates were presented with a task and given the opportunity to leave the experiment early, and thereby avoid a second experimental task, if they performed it successfully. In half of the cases, instructions described the task as easy and in half instructions described the task as difficult. Immediately prior to task performance, subjects were asked to indicate how much effort they intended to exert, how energetic they felt, and how unpleasant it would be to have to stay and perform the second experimental task. Subjects with high scores on an inventory of self-esteem had relatively low effort and energy ratings when the task was described as easy and relatively high effort and energy ratings when the task was described as difficult. In contrast, subjects with low scores on the self-esteem inventory had relatively high effort and energy ratings when the task was described as easy and showed a drop in effort and no change in energy when the task was described as difficult. Unpleasantness ratings tended to track the effort and energy ratings. Results are discussed in terms of Brehm's recent theory of motivation and reasoning concerning the role perceptions of ability may play in determing estimates of instrumental task difficulty.
Epidermal cell kinetics in lichen planus

SUMMARY The epidermis in lichen planus presents an apparently paradoxical situation. There are on the one hand epidermal hypertrophy acanthosis and hypergranulosis, and on the other, destruction of the generative compartment with erosion of the basal layer. In order to understand how the two processes can co-exist, thirty-five lichen planus papules from twenty-five patients were injected intracutaneously with IO μ Ci of tritiated thymidine. Sixteen of these lesions were removed after 50-60 min and nineteen were removed after longer intervals of up to 10 days. Autoradiographs prepared from biopsied lesions demonstrated that keratinocytes had migrated into the lichen planus lesion from the intact margins, replaced the eroded basal layer and repopulated the epidermis of the lesion. It is concluded that the changes observed in the epidermis seen in lichen planus can be interpreted as the result of a continuous process of (1) erosion and (2) repopulation in an attempt at healing of the wounded area.
The utilization of chemical shift and spin-lattice (T1) relaxation time data for the discrimination of isomeric indenoisoxazoles

Treatment of 2-pivaloyl-1,3-indandione with hydroxylamine leads to the formation of a pair of isomeric indenoisoxazoles, the product formed dependent upon the cyclization conditions. Under acidic conditions, 8-t-butylindeno[1,2-c]isoxazol-7-one (5) is formed while under neutral or basic conditions, an oxime, 2, is generated which may then be cyclized under acidic conditions to give 3-t-butylindeno[1,2-c]isoxazol-4-one (4). Although these isomeric indenoisoxazoles may be discriminated by chemical means, we were interested in developing an unequivocal method for distinguishing these and potentially other isomeric pairs by spectroscopic means. A 13C-nmr based method for the discrimination of these isomers which is based on the utilization of chemical shift arguments and spin-lattice relaxation data is thus presented.
Mechanism of the Hypotensive Action of Anandamide in Anesthetized Rats

We studied the effects of the endogenous cannabinoid ligand anandamide on blood pressure, single unit activity of barosensitive neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and postganglionic splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge in urethane-anesthetized rats. In rats with an intact baroreflex, an intravenous bolus of 4 mg/kg anandamide caused a triphasic blood pressure response: transient hypotension, followed by a brief pressor and more prolonged depressor phase. Anandamide evoked a “primary” increase in neuronal firing coincident with its pressor effect and a “secondary,” baroreflex-mediated rise coincident with its depressor effect at both sites. Pretreatment of rats with phentolamine or trimethaphan did not inhibit either the pressor response or the primary increase in splanchnic nerve discharge elicited by anandamide. In barodenervated rats, electrical stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla increased blood pressure and splanchnic nerve discharge. Anandamide treatment blunted the rise in blood pressure without affecting the increase in splanchnic nerve discharge. Anandamide did not affect the rise in blood pressure in response to an intravenous bolus dose of phenylephrine. The results indicate that (1) the brief pressor response to anandamide is not sympathetically mediated, and (2) the prolonged hypotensive response to anandamide is not initiated in the central nervous system, in ganglia, or at postsynaptic adrenergic receptors but is due to a presynaptic action that inhibits norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals in the heart and vasculature.
Immunosuppressive effect of chronic strontium-90 administration to miniature swine.

Antikorperproduktion in Schweinen, die einer chronischen internen Strontium90-Bestrahlung ausgesetzt waren.
Heritage tourism and group identity: Polynesians in the American West

Heritage sites important to members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) are scattered across the United States. The most famous is Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. A much more obscure site, Iosepa, is located in a desert valley west of Salt Lake City. Iosepa was a settlement of Hawaiian converts to the Mormon faith established in 1889 and abandoned in 1917. It was abandoned when plans for a Mormon temple in Hawaii were announced and most of the residents returned to the islands to help with its construction. Ignored until the centennial anniversary of its establishment, Iosepa is emerging as a heritage destination for Polynesians in the Utah region. The factors explaining its emergence as a heritage site are associated with a growing Polynesian population in the West and their recognition of the role early Hawaiians played in settling the region. The focal point of the site is the annual Memorial Day celebration when many people come to honour and celebrate the early Haw...
Integrative pathway knowledge bases as a tool for systems molecular medicine

There exists a sense of urgency to begin to generate a cohesive assembly of biomedical knowledge as the pace of knowledge accumulation accelerates. The urgency is in part driven by the emergence of systems molecular medicine that emphasizes the combination of systems analysis and molecular dissection in the future of medical practice and research. A potentially powerful approach is to build integrative pathway knowledge bases that link organ systems function with molecules.
Male Restrictive Emotionality and Evaluations of Online Versus Face-to-Face Counseling

The present study investigated men’s perceptions of online versus face-to-face counseling. One hundred ninety-one men with a range of restrictive emotionality and online counseling attitudes reviewed face-to-face or online counseling vignettes using a cognition- or emotion-based therapeutic approach. Overall, participants’ evaluations of counseling approaches were similar across modality and theoretical approach. However, men with low as opposed to high levels of restrictive emotionality expressed more favorable perceptions of face-to-face counseling. Significant improvements in online counseling attitudes were observed across the entire sample, with more pronounced improvements in online counseling value for men reviewing online counseling vignettes. Results are discussed within the context of men’s underutilization of counseling services and the online counseling literature. Suggestions for further research are provided.
Frederick Douglass in 1848

When revolutions rocked Europe in 1848, Frederick Douglass responded almost immediately by framing these movements across the Atlantic in global terms, connecting class strife in the Old World to the struggle over slavery in the New. Yet he also used the revolts of 1848 long after they had ended to discern other, related patterns of protest and repression in the slavery crisis of the 1850s, in the Civil War, and in the rise and fall of Radical Reconstruction. His reflections on these rebellions thereby shuttle between times and locations, weaving together disparate places and events in ways that advance a multilinear sense of historical time. The manner in which Douglass writes through 1848- connecting Europe to the United States and integrating those failed rebellions into a capacious philosophy of history-thus suggests that transnationalism itself inheres in a particular kind of temporal, and even literary, transport.
Coupled oscillatory control mechanism in a planktonic system.

THE mechanism by which soluble organic matter is released in lakes and the rate at which this occurs are of great importance relative to the development and rate of metabolism of populations of heterotrophic bacteria. One potentially large source of soluble organic matter is extracellular release by phyto-plankton which are actively photosynthesizing. It has been shown that rates of excretion of organic matter by algae are a function of the relative growth rate of the algae in culture1,2. In conditions of constant light, there is a tendency for the net excretion rate to be more or less constant initially and then to approach zero after 3–5 h.
Evidence for a preferential intramolecular oxidative addition in Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and their impact on chain-growth polymerizations

Small molecule competition experiments were performed to determine whether Ni-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling reactions proceed through an intramolecular oxidative addition. Indeed, preferential intramolecular oxidative addition was observed for all four complexes when stoichiometric quantities of competitive agent were present. At higher concentrations of competitive agent, the intramolecular pathway was still preferred when bidentate, electron-rich ligands were utilized, suggesting that these ligands promote the formation and reactivity of the key intermediate. To determine whether a similar pathway is involved in the polymerizations, (4-bromo-2,5-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)magnesium bromide was polymerized in the presence and absence of competitive agent. The number-average molecular weights were lower and the molecular weight distributions were broadened substantially when competitive agent was present, consistent with the presence of competing intermolecular pathways. Because bidentate, electron-rich ligands suppressed these undesired intermolecular reactions, these ligands should lead to improved polymerization catalysts.
Fine structure observations on the chromosomes in the spermatids of the Ascidian, Boltenia villosa.

Electron micrographs of the relatively young spermatids of the Ascidian, Boltenia villosa, reveal that its chromosomes exist in the form of 120–180 A fibers which are easily seen to be composed of two subunits of about 50–70 A each. Fibers of the diameter of such subunits have never been seen as single entities without a mate. Subunits in pairs seen imbedded in areas of “fused” chromosomes only measure 30–40 A, probably due to the loss of some protein. It is pointed out that the chromatin goes into the sperm as chromosomes in two-chromatid state, and that each chromatid probably contains only one Watson-Crick double helix.
Myoferlin depletion elevates focal adhesion kinase and paxillin phosphorylation and enhances cell-matrix adhesion in breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of malignant death among women. A crucial feature of metastatic cancers is their propensity to lose adhesion to the underlying basement membrane as they tr...
A simplified theory of kinematic waves in highway traffic, part I: General theory

Abstract In the theory of “kinematic waves,” as described originally by Lighthill and Whitham in 1955, the evaluation of the shock path is typically rather tedious. Instead of using this theory to evaluate flows or densities, one can use it to evaluate the cumulative flow A ( x , t ) past any point x by time t . It is shown here how a formal solution for A ( x, t ) can be evaluated directly from boundary or initial conditions without evaluation at intermediate times and positions. If there are shocks, however, this solution will be multiple-valued. The correct solution, which is the lower envelope of all such formal solutions, will automatically have discontinuities in slope describing the passage of a shock. To evaluate A ( x, t ) at any particular location x , it is not necessary to follow the actual path of the shock. The solution can be evaluated directly in terms of the boundary data by either graphical or numerical techniques.
Adding to a string of warm years

The year 2002 likely will rank as having the second-warmest global surface temperature on record, scientists with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the British Meteorology Office's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research noted on 17 December. Data collected from weather and climate stations, satellites, ships, buoys, and floats indicate that average global temperatures for 2002 likely will be about 12°C, slightly cooler than the record warm year of 1998, according to NOAA. The ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1987, the agency indicated.
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare but severe complication of neoplastic disease as well as some of its treatments. The pathophysiology of HUS is poorly understood, but it affects multiple organ systems and carries a high mortality rate. The diagnosis of HUS is based on a clinical triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, and renal failure, for which no proven therapies exist. This report describes a case of HUS developing in a patient with stage IVA squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix following treatment with cisplatin/bleomycin/vincristine neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radiation therapy.
The Farm-Retail Price Spread in a Competitive Food Industry

Consistency with market equilibrium places constraints on the pricing policies of food marketing firms in a competitive industry. This paper examines the implications of simultaneous equilibrium in three related markets: retail food, farm output, and marketing services. From equations representing the demand and supply sides of each market, elasticities are generated which show how the farm‐retail price spread changes when retail food demand, farm product supply, or the supply function of marketing services shifts. Implications for the viability of simple markup pricing rules and the determinants of the farmer's share of the food dollar are discussed.
The in vitro invasiveness and interactions with laminin of K-1735 melanoma cells. Evidence for different laminin-binding affinities in high and low metastatic variants.

The invasive and metastatic characteristics of cloned cells derived from the K-1735 murine melanoma were investigated. Cell lines which are highly metastatic in mice were found to be invasivein vitro, and to show an enhanced attachment to, spreading on and migration toward laminin. As attachment, spreading and directional migration are thought to be receptor-mediated events, the binding of laminin to these cells was studied. Biotinylated laminin was used to evaluate receptor binding by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and this method was compared with that in which the binding of radioactive laminin is measured. Both studies revealed that metastatic K-1735 cells (a) have more receptors for laminin compared with non-metastatic cells and (b) exhibit a second population of low-affinity binding sites not present on the non-metastatic cells. The differences in receptor number and type may account for the greater interaction of metastatic cells with laminin and their invasive phenotype.
Experiential Avoidance and Male Dating Violence Perpetration: An Initial Investigation.

Dating violence among college students represents a prevalent and serious problem. An abundance of research has examined risk and protective factors for dating violence, although only recently has research begun to focus on risk and protective factors that could be amenable to change in intervention programs. One potential risk factor for dating violence may be experiential avoidance. Using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011), we examined whether experiential avoidance was associated with male perpetrated dating violence after controlling for age, relationship satisfaction, and alcohol use. Within a sample of male college students in a current dating relationship (N = 109) results demonstrated that experiential avoidance was positively associated with psychological, physical, and sexual aggression perpetration, and that it remained associated with psychological and sexual aggression after controlling for age, relationship satisfaction, and alcohol use. The implications of these findings for future research and prevention programs are discussed. Language: en
Deuterated organic compounds XXV synthesis of 1, 4, 5, 8-tetradeuterionaphthalene

1, 4, 5, 8-Tetradeuterionaphthalene was synthesized from 1, 4-dibromonaphtalene by two methods. In the first method naphthalene was repeatedly brominated in chloroform and then debrominated with zinc dust in alkaline deuterium oxide. In the second, 1, 4-dibromonaphthalene was nitrated to produce 1, 4-dibromo-5-nitronaphthalene which underwent reductive debromination with zinc in alkaline deuterium oxide to 1-amino-5, 8-dideuterionaphthalene. The latter was converted into 1-bromo-5, 8-dideuterionaphthalene by a modified Sandmeyer reaction which was brominated to 1, 4-dibromo-5, 8-dideuterionaphthalene and then debrominated to 1, 4, 5, 8-tetradeuterionaphthalene.
Exact waiting time and queue size distributions for equilibrium M/G/1 queues with Pareto service

This paper solves the problem of finding exact formulas for the waiting time cdf and queue length distribution of first-in-first-out M/G/1 queues in equilibrium with Pareto service. The formulas derived are new and are obtained by directly inverting the relevant Pollaczek-Khinchin formula and involve single integrals of non-oscillating real valued functions along the positive real line. Tables of waiting time and queue length probabilities are provided for certain parameter values under heavy traffic conditions.
Investigation of the effect of loading path and variation in material properties on robustness of the tube hydroforming process

Abstract In this paper, effect of loading path and variation in material properties on the robustness of the tube hydroforming process and final part requirements (i.e. thickness specifications) were studied experimentally and computationally. Small and simple tube hydroforming parts were used in the FE analysis to obtain some guidelines on the use of different loading path schemes. Developed guidelines, then, were applied experimentally on a production scale automotive structural frame part. Results emphasized the importance of the loading path design once more whereas variation of mechanical properties of incoming tubing within the experimented range was not found to be significantly effective on the final part specifications.
Effect of presenting hemorrhage on outcome after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that patients with unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) at presentation have an increased risk of deterioration compared with patients with ruptured AVMs. METHODS: A consecutive series of 224 patients treated microsurgically by a single neurosurgeon during a period of 6.4 years was analyzed. Initial hemorrhagic presentation was the primary predictor variable. Neurological outcomes were assessed by use of the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and logistic regression identified predictors of deterioration at follow-up (mean duration, 1.3 yr) relative to baseline before any intervention. RESULTS: Overall, 120 patients (54%) presented with hemorrhage, and all 224 patients underwent microsurgical resection. Complete resection was achieved in 220 patients (98%). According to GOS score, 13 patients (5.8%) deteriorated; according to MRS score, 45 patients (20.1%) deteriorated. Fifteen patients (6.7%) died. Hemorrhagic presentation was associated with improved outcomes, with a mean change in MRS score of +0.89 in patients with ruptured AVMs and -0.38 in patients with unruptured AVMs (P < 0.001). The final mean MRS scores in patients Copyright © by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Volume 56(3), March 2005, pp 485-493
Empirical interaction between root causes and primary lean resources

Lean production system has been implemented by many businesses; however, its effectiveness and performance sometimes are elusive. Also, lean systems reliability models have been developed based on the premises that lean production systems require four primary resources: personnel, equipment, materials and schedules. These primary resources have been independently analysed, without due consideration to underlying relationships with each other. This study identified probable root causes of resource failure and established relationships therein using survey data collected from 449 industrial practitioners. The result shows levels of relationships in primary resources, which would enable lean implementation experts to direct their efforts and resources to prevent undesired events that have most impact on the system.
A decrease in phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREBP) promotes retinal degeneration

Abstract Excitotoxicity, induced either by N-Methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) or kainic acid (KA), promotes irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying excitotoxic cell death are still unclear, recent studies on the retina indicate that NMDA promotes RGC death by increasing phosphorylation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREBP), while studies on the central nervous system indicate that KA promotes neuronal cell death by decreasing phosphorylation of CREBP, suggesting that CREBP can elicit dual responses depending on the excitotoxic-agent. Interestingly, the role of CREBP in KA-mediated death of RGCs has not been investigated. Therefore, by using an animal model of excitotoxicity, the aim of this study was to investigate whether excitotoxicity induces RGC death by decreasing Ser133-CREBP in the retina. Death of RGCs was induced in CD-1 mice by an intravitreal injection of 20 nmoles of kainic acid (KA). Decrease in CREBP levels was determined by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays (EMSAs). Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that CREBP was constitutively expressed in the nuclei of cells both in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of CD-1 mice. At 6 h after KA injection, nuclear localization of Ser133-CREBP was decreased in the GCL. At 24 h after KA injection, Ser133-CREBP was decreased further in GCL and the INL, and a decrease in Ser133-CREBP correlated with apoptotic death of RGCs and amacrine cells. Western blot analysis indicated that KA decreased Ser133-CREBP levels in retinal protein extracts. EMSA assays indicated that KA also reduced the binding of Ser133-CREBP to CRE consensus oligonucleotides. In contrast, intravitreal injection of CNQX, a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, restored the KA-induced decrease in Ser133-CREBP both in the GCL and INL, and inhibited loss of RGCs and amacrine cells. These results, for the first time, suggest that KA promotes retinal degeneration by reducing phosphorylation of Ser133-CREBP in the retina.
MTOR mutations in the crosshairs of targeted therapy.

Summary: The identification of genetic lesions that affect tumor sensitivity to targeted therapies is a major objective of precision medicine. Two reports in this issue combine tumor genome analyses with functional characterization to uncover activating mutations in MTOR that confer sensitivity to a clinically used mTOR inhibitor. Cancer Discov; 4(5); 513–5. ©2014 AACR . See related article by Wagle et al., [p. 546][1] See related article by Grabiner et al., [p. 554][2] [1]: /lookup/volpage/4/546?iss=5 [2]: /lookup/volpage/4/554?iss=5
Sodium fluxes in isolated body walls of the euryhaline polychaete, Nereis (Neanthes)succinea

Abstract 1. 1. A method is described for isotopically measuring sodium fluxes in isolated body-wall preparations of the polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) succinea . 2. 2. Body-wall potentials in the isolated preparations are similar to those reported for intact nereids. 3. 3. 22 Na influx is greater and Na + permeability is lower in body walls from Nereis adapted to 20% sea water (osmoregulating) than in those adapted to 50% sea water (osmoconforming).
The reversible measures for symmetric nearest-particle systems

Symmetric nearest-particle systems are certain spin systems on {0, 1}z in which the flip rate is a function of the distances to the nearest particle of different type to the left and right. The process differs from the ordinary nearest-particle system in that the rates are preserved if zeros and ones are interchanged. The only reversible measure for the symmetric nearest-particle system is a “renewaltype” measure (the natural analog to the nonsymmetric case). Also as in the nonsymmetric case, reversibility only occurs when the rates are of a specific form. By imposing additional conditions on the rates it can be shown that the reversible measure is the only translation-invariant, invariant measure which concentrates on configurations having infinitely many zeros and ones to either side of the origin. This can be used to prove that for a large class of translation-invariant initial distributions, weak limits are reversible measures. Then we can conclude that the process is convergent for several examples of initial distributions.
Mind, Language, and Epistemology: Toward a Language Socialization Paradigm for SLA

For some time now second language acquisition (SLA) research has been hampered by unhelpful debates between the “cognitivist” and “sociocultural” camps that have generated more acrimony than useful theory. Recent developments in second generation cognitive science, first language acquisition studies, cognitive anthropology, and human development research, however, have opened the way for a new synthesis. This synthesis involves a reconsideration of mind, language, and epistemology, and a recognition that cognition originates in social interaction and is shaped by cultural and sociopolitical processes: These processes are central rather than incidental to cognitive development. Here I lay out the issues and argue for a language socialization paradigm for SLA that is consistent with and embracive of the new research.
Carbon and oxygen coordinated carbon monoxide. Preparation and structure of [(h5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2.2Al(C2H5)3

Abstract The interaction of[( h 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 ] 2 with [Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 in hydrocarbon solution produces a 1:1 adduct which may be isolated as air-sensitive red chystals. Adduct formation is accompanied by a 112 cm −1 reduction in the asymmetric stretching frequency of the bridging carbonyls. Infrared, molecular weight and nmr data indicate that the adduct is partially dissociated in hydrocarbon solution. By means of x-ray single crystal diffraction the compound was found to crystallize in space group C2/c with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a = 14.45(2), b = 14.12(2), c = 14.70(3) A, and β = 100° 50(15)′. The structure was refined to a convential R factor of 12% over 815 reflections collected on film. The structure involves a cis [( h 5 C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 ] 2 moiety cordinated to two trithylaluminum acceptors through the oxygen of each bridging carbonyl. The AlO bond distance is 1.98 A.
Position detection of 17-25 kev x-rays in krypton and xenon with a resolution of 18-50μm (FWHM)

Measurements have been made of x-ray position resolution in a proportional chamber with both Kr/10% CO2/sub> and Xe/10% CO2/sub>, for the x-ray energy region 17-25 keV. Position resolutions in the range of 18-50μm (FWHM) are obtained in krypton, and in the range 50-100 μm (FWHM) for xenon. These results are interpreted in terms of the physical limitation to resolution due to the range of photoelectrons and Auger electrons emitted from the x-ray absorbing atom.
What does that mean? A guide to interpretations

IEC 60950-1 is written as a general document intended to cover a wide array of products. The standard would become unwieldy if it were to include specific information for every possible construction of all of the products within the scope. In addition, advances in design and construction techniques will usually outpace updates to the standard. The result is that the safety certification engineer is often left trying to figure out how various clauses apply to a particular product. Knowing and understanding the most common interpretations before designing a product can reduce the risk of problems during the certification process. This paper covers some of the resources available that provide interpretations to the standard and its national and group differences. This paper also discusses techniques for obtaining interpretations where no existing interpretation exists.
Carbon: pheopigment ratios of zooplankton fecal pellets as an index of herbivorous feeding1

A simple model using carbon to pheopigment ratios (C : Ph) to estimate the fraction of carbon derived from recently ingested phytoplankton was used on fecal pellets from laboratory-fed Calanus paczjicus and field zooplankton and on sediment trap material from Dabob Bay, Washington. During the grazing season of herbivorous macrozooplankton, fecal pellets from laboratory-fed C. paczjicus have C : Ph ratios of 7-l 3, yielding calculated copepod assimilation efficiencies (AE%) of 77%. Diapausal copepods produce pellets with higher C : Ph ratios (24-33) and yield lower calculated AE% (46%), suggesting reduced digestive enzyme activities at this time. On the basis of measurements of field phytoplankton C: Chl and estimates of field copepod assimilation efficiencies, the C : Ph ratio of fecal pellets from exclusively herbivorous field copepods ranges from 11 to 18. Higher values (25-29) found from naturally feeding copepods indicate a significant amount of omnivory, carnivory, or both. The amount of the total organic carbon flux out of the euphotic zone in Dabob Bay resulting from herbivorous feeding was quantified. Its magnitude was directly related to the primary productivity and the seasonal grazing pattern of C. paczjicus, averaging 36% when grazers are actively feeding and 9% when many are in diapause. On an annual basis, 3 1% of the carbon flux out of the surface layer in Dabob Bay is derived from ingested or sunken phytoplankton cells.
Zero-forcing equalizability of FIR and IIR multichannel systems with and without perfect measurements

We study the linear zero-forcing equalizability of a communication channel. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given in terms of the zeros of the transfer function. Detailed procedures of equalizer design for minimum sensitivity with respect to modeling errors and white noise are also presented. It is found that the worst case effect of channel mismatch on the performance may be modeled as equivalent losses in signal-to-noise ratio.
Item Analysis Vs Factor Analysis in the Development of Unidimensional Attitude Scales

Summary Three studies in two phases examined the comparable value of item vs factor analysis in the development of unidimensional attitude scales. The importance of item analysis in item selection was also evaluated. The first phase constituted item selection, and the second examined reliability-validity. Study 1 Ss (N = 121) were recruited in a random mailed survey; whereas Study 2 Ss (N = 204) and Study 3 Ss (N = 156) were undergraduates. In phase 2 Ss responded also to a scale designed to test construct validity. Item and factor analyses produced scales of comparable unidimensionality, but different content. Item analysis proved to be a superior procedure for reliability and validity estimates.
Telling the whole story: anticipation, inspiration and reputation in a field deployment of TellTable

We present a field study of TellTable, a new storytelling system designed to support creativity and collaboration amongst children. The application was deployed on a multi-touch interactive table in the library of a primary school, where children could use it to create characters and scenery based on elements of the physical world (captured through photography) as well as through drawing. These could then be used to record a story which could be played back. TellTable allowed children to collaborate in devising stories that mixed the physical and the digital in creative ways and that could include themselves as characters. Additionally, the field deployment illustrated how children took inspiration from one another's stories, how they planned elements of their own tales before using the technology, and how the fact that stories could be accessed in the library led some to become well-known and popular within the school community. The real story here, we argue, needs to take into account all that happens within the wider context of use of this system.