cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementing a Graduate-Level Research Data Management Course: Approach, Outcomes, and Lessons Learned

INTRODUCTION As data-driven research becomes the norm, practical knowledge in data stewardship is critical for researchers. Despite its growing importance, formal education in research data management (RDM) is rare at the university level. Academic librarians are now playing a leadership role in developing and providing RDM training and support to faculty and graduate students. This case study describes the development and implementation of a new, credit-bearing course in RDM for graduate students from all disciplines. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM The purpose of the course was to enable students to acquire foundational knowledge and skills in RDM that would support long-term habits in the planning, management, preservation, and sharing of research data. The pedagogical approach for the course combined outcomescentered course design with active learning techniques. Periodic course assessment was performed through anonymous student surveys, with the objective of gauging course efficacy and quality, and to obtain suggested modifications or improvements. These assessment results indicated that the course content and scope were appropriate and that the active learning approach was effective. Assessments of student learning demonstrated that all major learning objectives were achieved. NEXT STEPS Information derived from the student surveys was used to determine how the course could be modified to improve student experience and the overall quality of the course and the instruction.
The History of Austria in United States and Canadian Dissertations

Warren F. Kuehl's list of United States and Canadian doctoral dissertations in history is an important American bibliographical reference work which no historian can afford to neglect. Yet, scholars of the history of the Habsburg monarchy find it difficult to make effective use of this valuable bibliography, for the bulk of the entries which are of potential interest to specialists in the field are listed under numerous subdivisions and are not consolidated under appropriate headings in the topical index. For instance, numerous dissertations dealing with nineteenth-century alliances, with multilateral negotiations involving the Austrian empire, such as the Congresses of Vienna, Paris, and Berlin, or with the diplomatic relations of the Habsburg monarchy and the Austrian Republic with neighboring states are listed under such diverse headings as “Eastern Question,” “Europe, Diplomacy,” “Alliance System and Concert of Europe,” or “Near East.” While most scholars use library catalogs largely for finding works written by particular authors, those who peruse dissertation lists are more often interested in ascertaining what has been written on specific topics.
Design of Two-Layered Porous Landscaping Detention Basin

Under the mandate of the Federal Clean Water Act, porous landscaping detention (PLD) has been widely used to increase on-site infiltration. A PLD system consists of a surface storage basin and subsurface filtering layers. The major design parameters for a PLD system are the infiltration rate on the land surface and the seepage rate through the subsurface medium. A low infiltration rate leads to a sizable storage basin while a high infiltration rate results in standing water if the subsurface seepage does not sustain the surface loading. In this study, the design procedure of a PLD basin is revised to take both detention flow hydrology and seepage flow hydraulics into consideration. The design procedure begins with the basin sizing according to the on-site water quality control volume. The ratio of design infiltration rate to sand-mix hydraulic conductivity is the key factor to select the thickness of sand-mix layer underneath a porous bed. The total filtering thickness for both sand-mix and gravel layers is found to be related to the drain time and infiltration rate. The recommended sand-mix and granite gravel layers underneath a PLD basin are reproduced in the laboratory for infiltration tests. The empirical decay curve for sand-mix infiltration rate was derived from the laboratory data and then used to maximize the hydraulic efficiency through the subsurface filtering layers. In this study, it is recommended that a PLD system be designed with the optimal performance to consume the hydraulic head available and then evaluated using the prolonged drain time for potential standing water problems under various clogging conditions.
QL-09TRAJECTORY OF QUALITY OF LIFE AT END OF LIFE IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA: SUPPORT FOR THE TERMINAL DROP THEORY

Very little is known about quality of life (QOL) at end-of-life (EOL) in malignant brain tumor patients, which limits clinicians ability to best to help patients at this stage. The QOL trajectory at EOL has commonly been hypothesized to be "terminal decline," a linear relationship to time before death with a relatively gradual decline. Alternately, QOL at EOL could be hypothesized to be analogous to the "terminal drop" theory of cognitive aging, wherein the patient QOL has a curvilinear relationship to time before death; a relatively flat curve with a rapid decline a short time before death. 89 patients with malignant glioma were enrolled in this NCI funded study of QOL and neurocognition. Patients completed the EORTC-QLQ-C30 at three month intervals until death. Mean length of follow-up was 224 days (median 155 days). Mean age of patients was 52 years (range 18-80). The gender ratio was 49% men and 51% women. One patient was Latino (so 97% Non-Hispanic), 69 participants were Caucasian, one was African American, and one was Native American. The mean educational level was 13 years (range 8-20). Twenty-eight patients had glioblastoma (grade IV), nine had a grade III oligodendroglioma, and six had a grade III oligoastrocytoma. Data were plotted over time to determine if the shape of the curve resembles terminal decline or terminal drop. Interestingly, as can be seen from the graph, Global QOL slightly improved over time. Growth Curve Analysis confirms this finding. Results of this study may supporting the terminal drop theory but may also illustrate response shift, a conundrum for QOL researchers in which patients' perspective changes and thus they report improved QOL. Longer follow-up is necessary to delineate this pattern. A better understanding of QOL at EOL will improve medical and psychosocial palliative care.
DATAPLEX: an access to heterogeneous distributed databases

Diverse database management systems are used in large organizations. The heterogeneous distributed database system (DDS) can provide a flexible intergration of diverse databases for users and applications. This is because it allows for retrieval and update of distributed data under different data systems giving the illusion of accessing a single centralized database system.
'Black cornea' after long-term epinephrine use.

• Fifteen years after a partial maxillectomy and radiation therapy for left antral carcinoma, a 53-year-old woman presented to the Eye Plastics and Orbit Service of the Massachussetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, with phthisis and a large, black corneal lesion in the left eye. She had been treated for unilateral glaucoma in the left eye for more than 10 years with topically administered epinephrine borate, timolol maleate, and pilocarpine hydrochloride. Clinically, the lesion was smooth, black, and homogeneous, and was thought to represent uveal prolapse covered by a thin layer of epithelium. An eyelid-sparing anterior exenteration was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed an acellular, homogeneous substance that stained positively with the Fontana Masson stain for melanin and bleached with potassium permanganate, findings consistent with corneal adrenochrome deposition. Since adrenochrome can be easily dissected free from the cornea, this case illustrates that misdiagnosing adrenochrome deposition may lead to unnecessary surgery.
Splattering and Heat Transfer During Impingement of a Turbulent Liquid Jet

Splattering and heat transfer due to impingement of an unsubmerged, fully turbulent liquid jet is investigated experimentally and analytically. Heat transfer measurements were made along a uniformly heated surface onto which a jet impacted, and a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer was used to measure the size, velocity, and concentration of the droplets splattered after impingement. Splattering is found to occur in proportion to the magnitude of surface disturbances to the incoming jet, and it is observed to occur only within a certain radial range, rather than along the entire film surface. A nondimensional group developed from inviscid capillary disturbance analysis of the circular jet successfully scales the splattering data, yielding predictive results for the onset of splattering results is used to formulate a prediction of local Nusselt number. Both the prediction and the experimental data reveal that the Nusselt number is enhanced for radial locations immediately following splattering, but falls below the nonsplattering Nusselt number at larger radii. The turbulent heat transfer enhancement upstream of splattering is also characterized.
On Party Platforms, Mandates, and Government Spending

In their 1990 Review article, Ian Budge and Richard Hofferbert analyzed the relationship between party platform emphases, control of the White House, and national government spending priorities, reporting strong evidence of a "party mandate" connection between them. Gary King and Michael Laver successfully replicate the original analysis, critique the interpretation of the causal effects, and present a reanalysis showing that platforms have small or nonexistent effects on spending. In response, Budge, Hofferbert, and Michael McDonald agree that their language was somewhat inconsistent on both interactions and causality but defend their conceptualization of "mandates" as involving only an association, not necessarily a causal connection, between party commitments and government policy. Hence, while the causes of government policy are of interest, noncausal associations are sufficient as evidence of party mandates in American politics.
Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols

Although long considered to be of marginal importance to global climate change, tropospheric aerosol contributes substantially to radiative forcing, and anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in particular has imposed a major perturbation to this forcing. Both the direct scattering of shortwavelength solar radiation and the modification of the shortwave reflective properties of clouds by sulfate aerosol particles increase planetary albedo, thereby exerting a cooling influence on the planet. Current climate forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate is estimated to be –1 to –2 watts per square meter, globally averaged. This perturbation is comparable in magnitude to current anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing but opposite in sign. Thus, the aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree. However, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation. Aerosol effects must be taken into account in evaluating anthropogenic influences on past, current, and projected future climate and in formulating policy regarding controls on emission of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide. Resolution of such policy issues requires integrated research on the magnitude and geographical distribution of aerosol climate forcing and on the controlling chemical and physical processes.
Serotonin-induced changes in the excitability of cultured antennal-lobe neurons of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta

The modulatory actions of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5HT or serotonin) on a morphologically identifiable class of neurons dissociated from antennal lobes of Manduca sexta at stages 9–15 of the 18 stages of metamorphic adult development were examined in vitro with whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques. Action potentials could be elicited from approximately 20% of the cells. These cells were used to examine effects of 5HT (5 × 10−6 to 5 × 10−4M) on cell excitability and action-potential waveform. 5HT increased the number of spikes elicited by a constant depolarizing current pulse and reduced the latency of responses. 5HT also led to broadening of action potentials in these neurons and increased cell input resistance. Modulation of potassium channels by 5HT is likely to contribute to these responses. 5HT causes reversible reduction of at least 3 distinct potassium currents, one of which is described for the first time in this study. Because effects of 5HT on antennal-lobe neurons in culture mimic those observed in situ in the brain of the adult moth, in vitro analysis should contribute to elucidation of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the modulatory effects of 5HT on central olfactory neurons in the moth.
Should academic medical centers conduct clinical trials of the efficacy of intercessory prayer

Intercessory prayers for health or healing are requests to an object of worship for the preservation or restoration of health. There has been a recent proliferation of clinical trials that compare the health outcome of a group of prayed-for patients with that of controls, to test the efficacy of intercessory prayer. In this essay, the author defines the concept of intercessory prayer, contrasts it with other forms of prayer, and reviews the literature concerning clinical trials of its efficacy. The arguments put forward in favor of conducting such trials and those against are described and the reader is invited to consider their relative merits. The author concludes by discussing the potential power of faith in healing, reviewing the philosophical basis and pitfalls of clinical trials of intercessory prayer, and urging readers to weigh the arguments for and against such trials in academic medicine.
Chalcogen rearrangement in the Chevrel compound InMo6SezS8-z at 500 degreesC.

La variation de tension des cellules electrochimiques utilisees dans le traitement, avec x la composition, est differente pour les deux ensembles de composes. Ceci suggere que le traitement du second ensemble a 500°C a modifie la distribution du S et du Se autour des sites Li
The effect of an eyelid speculum on intraocular pressure measurement in children.

Abstract Purpose To assess the effect of a pediatric eyelid speculum on the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in children. Design Observational case series. Methods Intraocular pressure measurements were performed during examination under anesthesia immediately after induction. The measurements were made with and without a pediatric eyelid speculum in place. Results Intraocular pressure measurements were made in 77 eyes of 45 consecutive children. The mean IOP without the speculum was 16.33 mm Hg in the right eye and 16.55 mm Hg in the left eye. With the lid speculum in place the mean IOP was 20.26 mm Hg in the right eye and 20.05 mm Hg in the left eye ( P Conclusions The presence of an eyelid speculum raised IOP an average of 4 mm Hg. This effect should be considered when interpreting IOP measurements in children.
A three-dimensional engineering curriculum

This paper examines the recent developments affecting engineering education. The introduction of ABET 2000 criteria, the proliferation of engineering fields, and the changes in the characteristic of engineering teams are considered. It concludes that the traditional engineering curriculum, which is organized almost exclusively along thefields of engineering, is no longer capable of producing engineers for the twenty-first century, and therefore proposes a three-dimensional engineering curriculum, which is based onfunction andemployment sector, in addition to thefield of engineering. Philosophically, this proposed 3-D curriculum shifts engineering education from knowing to doing, from fragmentation to integration, and from convergence to divergence. On the practical level, the strength of the proposed 3-D curriculum lies in it being flexible, adaptable, diverse, and resource-sensitive. The diversity of possible programs resulting from the added dimensions enables engineering programs to develop a niche market, which has become an essential survival strategy.
Immunopathological mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

Genetic indicators that correlate with a predisposition for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified. The expression of specific major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) haplotypes and altered variants of costimulatory molecules, for example, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), are hypothesized to allow for aberrant activation of myelin-specific autoreactive T cells. The current review focuses on possible mechanisms by which the expression of these proteins contribute to disease.
Thermal insulation of the California sea lion during exposure to heat

Abstract 1. 1. The thermal insulation of four California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus ) was determined at air temperatures of 13–31°C. 2. 2. The total insulation diminished by a factor of 2·7 between air temperatures of 13–16°C and 30–31°C. 3. 3. At air temperatures of 20–22°C there were considerable differences in the total thermal insulation between individual animals, which were considered to reflect postural adjustments.
The obstetrician-gynecologist--generalist, specialist, subspecialist?

The intense national debate on health care has been labeled as a reform of the American health care system. Little recognition is given to the fact that there was no preexisting system to reform. Those raising concern about national health care have primarily focused on the issues of access to care. Those responding to the concern have primarily focused on the cost of care. In the absence of a comprehensive federal plan and guidance from the medical profession, the business community, working through the insurance industry, has been the major innovator in testing solutions. The most popular experiment being pursued is that of “managed health care” with varied entities under that rubric. Basically they are creating restaurants in which the waiter keeps the menu. The true “cost effectiveness” of these methods are as yet unknown, because they have not been fully tested. Most of the existing entities have been able to sidestep costs that must inevitably be faced. They have had the luxury of selecting their patient population. They have limited their exposure to high risk populations such as the elderly, the uninsured, and those on welfare. They also have depended on low wages for primary care physicians and nonphysician providers, which will likely increase because of supply and demand. However, regardless of the uncertainty of outcome, the national movement toward managed care is proving to be the most important change for the immediate future and will likely overshadow anything decided on the federal level. In fact, Congress may serve primarily to establish the rules and regulations for this variegated nonfederal system now in rapid evolution and to decide how to intertwine Medicare and Medicaid into it. A key issue in creating managed-care entities has been the need for a “case manager” or “gatekeeper” who has the ability to provide a majority of a patient’s day-to-day care in a nonhospital setting at low cost and to orchestrate that patient’s care when more complex intervention is needed. Common to all forms of man-
Explorations into arrhythmia substrate in a common disease state: Discovering a Bassaricyon neblina in the world of electrophysiology

In the cloud forests of Ecuador, a group led by Kristofer Helgen made a remarkable finding. A small mammal that weighed about 2 lb and was approximately 2.5 ft long was discovered. The animal was recently identified as an olinguito (Bassaricyon neblina). Genetically it is close to a raccoon but has the appearance of something between a house cat, raccoon, and small beer. This discovery marked the first new mammal identified in the Americas in approximately 35 years. What is remarkable about this discovery is that this animal had been observed, placed in a zoo, and even collected for years. The delay in the discovery of this new species was a consequence of mistaken identity. For years, when observed, olinguitos were considered to be just small olingos, a well-described species. However, recent genetic studies have shown that olinguitos and olingos are sister species only, both of which belong to the raccoon family. Often when we evaluate patients for procedures in electrophysiology, we classify cardiomyopathy as ischemic or nonischemic. However, these classifications that infer causation in broad heterogeneous populations are often insufficient. In 2006, the American Heart Association created a writing group to propose contemporary definitions and classifications of cardiomyopathies. Regarding ischemic cardiomyopathy, the writing group concluded that cardiomyopathy was a direct consequence of a distinct cardiovascular abnormality, specifically atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. They further concluded that the term ischemic cardiomyopathy that referred to myocardial ischemia or infarction was not supported by their proposed classification scheme. This conclusion was dependent on the premise that the mechanism of cardiomyopathy in these patients labeled with ischemic cardiomyopathy can be solely attributed to coronary atherosclerosis. However, as with most aspects in medicine, often disease states are not black and white in risks, presentations, outcomes, and response to therapies.
Incidence of Disease Outside Modified Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection Templates in Clinical Stage I or IIA Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Cancer

Purpose: We evaluated the incidence, sites and histology of disease outside 5 modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection templates for patients with low stage nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis.Materials and Methods: Our cohort consisted of 500 consecutive patients with clinical stage I to IIA nonseminomatous germ cell tumors who underwent primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection from 1989 to 2004. We analyzed 191 patients with pathological stage II disease and defined the incidence of disease outside 5 modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection templates, 3 described for open surgery (Testicular Tumor Study Group, Indiana University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) and 2 for laparoscopic surgery (University of Innsbruck and The Johns Hopkins University).Results: Of 191 patients with pathological stage II disease, 111 (58%) had clinical stage I disease and 80 (42%) had clinical stage IIA disease. Depending on the template applied, extra-template disease ranged from 3% t...
An increase in adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) content in rostral ventrolateral medulla is engaged in the high fructose diet-induced hypertension

The increase in fructose ingestion has been linked to overdrive of sympathetic activity and hypertension associated with the metabolic syndrome. The premotor neurons for generation of sympathetic vasomotor activity reside in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Activation of RVLM results in sympathoexcitation and hypertension. Neurons in the central nervous system are able to utilize fructose as a carbon source of ATP production. We examined in this study whether fructose affects ATP content in RVLM and its significance in the increase in central sympathetic outflow and hypertension induced by the high fructose diet (HFD). In normotensive rats fed with high fructose diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, there was a significant increase in tissue ATP content in RVLM, accompanied by the increases in the sympathetic vasomotor activity and blood pressure. These changes were blunted by intracisternal infusion of an ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin, to the HFD-fed animals. In the catecholaminergic-containing N2a cells, fructose dose-dependently upregulated the expressions of glucose transporter 2 and 5 (GluT2, 5) and the rate-limiting enzyme of fructolysis, ketohexokinase (KHK), leading to the increases in pyruvate and ATP production, as well as the release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine. These cellular events were significantly prevented after the gene knocking down by lentiviral transfection of small hairpin RNA against KHK. These results suggest that increases in ATP content in RVLM may be engaged in the augmented sympathetic vasomotor activity and hypertension associated with the metabolic syndrome induced by the HFD. At cellular level, the increase in pyruvate levels via fructolysis is involved in the fructose-induced ATP production and the release of neurotransmitter.
Absorption Spectrum of Hydrogen Chloride

THE unexpected satellites which Imes (Astrophysical Journal, November, 1919) found beside each line in the HCl absorption band at 1.76μ, and which measurements of his curves show to have an average wave-length 16 ± 4 A, longer than the lines which they accompany, are readily accounted for as due to the heavier of the two isotopes, atomic weights 35 and 37, of which Aston (Phil. Mag., vol. xxxix., p. 611, 1920) has shown ordinary chlorine to consist. An approximate theory shows the wave-length of the band centre to vary as the square root of the effective mass, where m1 is the mass of the hydrogen nucleus and m2 that of the chlorine atom. Taking m = 35/36 for the lighter and 37/38 for the heavier isotope, the calculated difference between the wavelengths of corresponding lines for the two isotopes comes out 13 A. This is much larger than the differences of about 0.004 A. which have been found between lines of the isotopes of lead (Aronberg, Astrophysical Journal, vol. xlvii., p. 96, 1918, and Merton, Roy. Soc. Proc., A, vol. xcvi., p. 388, 1920).
Between “Voluntary Migrants” and War Refugees: The Health of the Shan Burmese Migrant Workers in Northern Thailand

The Shan are a large migrant group from Burma (Myanmar) found within Thailand. While some Shan migrate to escape the civil war within Burma, others migrate for economic opportunity. Despite the size of this population, little is known about their health. Our study highlights the need for expanded access to primary care among this Shan population. Despite the arduous and trying journeys of these Shan migrants, they do not display the level of health sometimes attributed to health selection among immigrant groups.
Use of nuclear antigen-coated red cells in hemolytic plaque assays.

Abstract By studying antinuclear antibody production at the cellular level, we can better understand the problems of immunoregulation in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus. To date, the use of hemolytic plaque assays to detect B cells secreting antinuclear antibodies has been hampered by an inability to achieve reliable coating of red cells by nuclear antigens. Because the chronic chloride technique has proved ineffective for coupling nucleic acids and/or nuclear antigens to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in our laboratory, we have developed a method of coupling SS DNA, DS DNA, poly(I)·poly(C), Sm, and ENA to red cells pretreated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (ECDI) and poly( L -lysine) (PLL). Coated red cells were agglutinated by specific antisera and not by normal sera and were then used in hemolytic plaque assays to detec antinuclear plaque-forming cells (PFC) in spleens from various strains of mice with lupus-like syndromes. PFC specific for SS DNA, DS DNA, poly(I)·poly(C), Sm, and ENA were found in MRL/lpr and NZB×W mice, and the number of anti-SS DNA and anti-DS DNA PFC correlated with the age of the animals. Indirect (IgG) PFC specific for nuclear antigens increased dramatically in female NZB×W mice between 11 and 13 months, a time when more than 50% of the animals usually die. Preliminary studies have shown that PFC specific for nuclear antigens can be detected in peripheral blood from patients with lupus erythematosus. Pretreatment of sheep red cells with ECDI and PLL thus allowed the coupling of selected nuclear antigens to these cells and provided the first demonstration of IgM and IgG PFC specific for a variety of nuclear antigens.
Psychopharmacology: the bridge between psychiatry and biology

The current enthusiasm for biologic approaches to psychiatric problems stems from the practical applications of clinical psychopharmacology. Effective drugs led to more efficient and humane treatment of patients with such disorders. Still, our present drugs leave much to be desired. As we have learned more about how they may ameliorate various types of mental disorders, we generate hypotheses about the possible causes of the disorders we treat. Thus we try to lift ourselves by our bootstraps; drugs generate hypotheses that one hopes will lead to better drugs. Although at times progress seems to be agonizingly slow, if we consider the great progress of the past 35 years one cannot be less than enthusiastic about the prospects for the next three decades. It has been my good fortune to have been connected closely with the developments of the past, a few of which have been discussed in this personal odyssey. It will be the good fortune of my younger colleagues to see the future realization of many of our hopes for better treatment and understanding of psychiatric disorders. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1988) 44, 123–127; doi:10.1038/clpt.1988.125
The importance of vitamin K as a nutrient during the first year of life

Abstract The efficacy for vitamin K prophylaxis in the newborn is well established. Parenteral vitamin K prophylaxis remains the norm for the newborn infant in North America, though the recent controversy associating such prophylaxis with the incidence of childhood cancer has given new impetus to the consideration of oral prophylaxis. Oral preparations of vitamin K for the newborn infant may be desirable and clinical trials are underway. The function and metabolism of vitamin K center around its ability to serve as cofactor for the action of vitamin K dependent carboxylases present in most tissues. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a well described deficiency of the vitamin and has several different presentations, the most serious of which occurs after two weeks of age. On the other hand, vitamin K deficiency is probably not a factor in the etiology of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. Vitamin K is not readily transported across the placenta, and its production by intestinal bacteria is not a significant source of the vitamin for the newborn. The main source of vitamin K for the growing infant is dietary intake, though human milk from mothers on ordinary diets is a very poor source of the vitamin. This probably accounts for the fact that breast-fed infants are at the greatest risk for hemorrhagic disease. Assessment of coagulation factors is not a sensitive method to assess vitamin K deficiency or sufficiency. Newer methods for assessing vitamin K status include direct assay of the vitamin concentration in plasma or serum, as well as measurement of abnormal prothrombin associated with vitamin K deficiency (PIVKA-II). The specific antibody method is the best technique for measuring abnormal prothrombin. Finally, from a review of the most recent literature, it appears unlikely that parenteral vitamin K prophylaxis increases the risk of childhood cancer.
On the bounded version of Hilbert's tenth problem

The paper establishes lower bounds on the provability of 𝒟=NP and the MRDP theorem in weak fragments of arithmetic. The theory I 5 E 1 is shown to be unable to prove 𝒟=NP. This non-provability result is used to show that I 5 E 1 cannot prove the MRDP theorem. On the other hand it is shown that I 1 E 1 proves 𝒟 contains all predicates of the form (∀i≤|b|)P(i,x)^Q(i,x) where ^ is =, <, or ≤, and I 0 E 1 proves 𝒟 contains all predicates of the form (∀i≤b)P(i,x)=Q(i,x). Here P and Q are polynomials. A conjecture is made that 𝒟 contains NLOGTIME. However, it is shown that this conjecture would not be sufficient to imply 𝒟=N P. Weak reductions to equality are then considered as a way of showing 𝒟=NP. It is shown that the bit-wise less than predicate, ≤2, and equality are both co-NLOGTIME complete under FDLOGTIME reductions. This is used to show that if the FDLOGTIME functions are definable in 𝒟 then 𝒟=N P.
Multidimensional Fluorescence Detected Circular Dichroism Quenching Of Bilirubin Albumin Complexes

The chiral and fluorescent complexes that are formed when bilirubin binds to three mammalian serum albumins [Human (HSA); Bovine, (BSA); and Rabbit, (RSA)] were studied using conventional fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism, fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD), and FDCD quenching (FDCDQ). The fluorescence of the bilirubin complex with HSA at pH = 7.3 was quenched by the hydrophobic quencher 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol yielding Stern-Volmer value of 2.89 M for traditional fluorescence quenching and 3.06 tel for FDCDQ. A Stern-Volmer value of 3.10 M was obtained using trichloroethanol as the quencher for the bilirubin-HSA complex at pH = 4.2. These results suggest that neither the addition of quencher to the system, nor the changes which occur upon acidification of the bilirubin-HSA complex change the microenvironment of the bound bilirubin fluorophore. The bilirubin complexes with BSA and RSA showed an increase in the fluroescence intensity upon the addition of trichloroethanol. Differences in the quenching of the mammalian serum albumin complexes by 2,2,2-trichloroethanol indicate a difference in the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment surrounding the bilirubin binding sites. Traditional fluorescence quenching measurements using triethylamine led to nonlinear Stern-Volmer plots for the bilirubin complexes with BSA and HSA. In addition, FDCDQ experiments detected large conformational changes in the bilirubin complexes with HSA and BSA when triethylamine was added. The fluorescence quenching and FDCDQ results with triethylamine may be interpreted to confirm previous bilirubin albumin studies which suggested that the bilirubin bound to one site on albumin produces a large Cotton effect with a small contribution to the fluorescence while the bilirubin bound to the second site on albumin produces intense fluorescence with a smaller contribution to the optical activity of the complex.
Model Reference Adaptive Control of Dual-Mode Micro/Macro Dynamics of Ball Screws for Nanometer Motion

A desire to improve the positioning accuracy of ball screws prompted an investigation into the dynamics of nanometer motion. Characterization of the ball screw indicated that nanometer motion is possible prior to friction breakaway via elastic deformation of the frictional contacts while macroscopic motion involves slipping across the friction interfaces. The observed dynamics are nonlinear, and consequently result in inconsistent and unpredictable closed-loop response while under PI position control. The ball-screw can be modeled in two stages: The microdynamic stage includes «elastic» friction while the macrodynamic stage incorporates kinetic (sliding) friction
Capitalism, Christianity, America: Rethinking the Issues

AbstractAppreciative of the points made by all four commentators, William Connolly seeks to clarify some issues and modify a few positions taken in his book Capitalism and Christianity, American Style (2008). Philip Goodchild's account of "resonance" is superb, but I hesitate over his tendency to argue that the demise of capitalism is inevitable. Catherine Keller deepens the theological issues pursued in my book, as she shows additional ways to open "theopoetic" connections between those who pursue deep, multidimensional pluralism. David Howarth makes important links between my position and that of Ernesto Laclau, and he joins me in resisting those who eschew engagement with the state as they fight off the neoliberal/evangelical machine. I use the occasion of this dialogue to explore further the relations between conceptions of immanence and those of transcendence. Kathy Ferguson admirably shows how the experience of grief by evangelical women opens a possible door to engagements of agonistic respect. In ...
Avowed, assessed, and familial handedness and differential hemispheric processing of brief sequential and non-sequential visual stimuli.

Abstract Right-handers with no family history of left-handedness (RHFH-), right-handers with such history (RHFH+), and left-handers (LH) were tested on a lateralized letter masking task. Only the RHFH - group showed significant right visual field superiority on the masking task. The results would seem to reflect interhemispheric communication efficiency rather than which hemisphere is dominant for language expression.
Sedimentary Facies Model of Turbidites: ABSTRACT

Deposits of turbidity currents are characterized by alternating layers of sandstone and shale, in which a unit layer is defined as the sandstone together with its overlying shale. Studies of turbidites of different ages, and from many different localities in Europe, make it clear that turbidites are characterized by one sedimentary facies model, which is composed of five specific intervals in a fixed succession. In a complete layer the intervals from bottom to top are: graded interval (20-500 cm), lower interval of parallel lamination (10-200 cm), interval of current ripple lamination (4-100 cm), upper interval of parallel lamination (2-50 cm), and pelitic interval (1-40 cm). Each turbidite layer in the areas studied shows part or all of this sequence, and everywhere the succession is the same. The completeness of the sequence generally increases with increase in thickness of the unit layer. Incomplete sequences normally are caused by truncation of the upper intervals or omission of the lower intervals. Large differences in grain size between successive turbidite layers occur where the base of a layer is formed by one of the three lower intervals. The lower bedding planes of such layers are most readily exposed by weathering and are more likely to contain sole markings than layers in which the lower three intervals are missing. An understanding of the origin of each of the five intervals and the reason for their definite succession in turbidite layers is essential to understand the mechanism of deposition by turbidity currents. End_of_Article - Last_Page 351------------
Endoscopic cholecystectomy. An analysis of complications.

• We analyzed our initial 381 endoscopic cholecystectomies with particular emphasis on postoperative complications. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 3%. A technical complication occurred in 2% and a nontechnical complication in 4%, for a total complication incidence of 6%. There were three postoperative fatalities (0.9%). Two fatal technical complications consisted of unrecognized intestinal injuries at the time of endoscopic cholecystectomy that were obvious when the abdomen was opened. One patient died of a cerebrovascular accident. Nonfatal technical complications included five bile leaks that required treatment. There were no common bile duct injuries, but excessive caution to prevent common bile duct injury may have contributed to the high incidence of bile leaks. Examination of the case numbers of the technical complications and conversion to open cholecystectomy suggests that the learning curve is real and somewhat prolonged, and that a willingness to convert to open cholecystectomy is necessary if technical complications are to be avoided. ( Arch Surg . 1991;126:1192-1198)
Irreversible Adsorption of Naphthalene and Tetrachlorobiphenyl to Lula and Surrogate Sediments

Several unique features of sorption irreversibility have been investigated in this paper. Adsorption has been found to be biphasic with about 30−50% of the adsorbed mass residing in the irreversibly sorbed compartment, until this compartment is filled, and the rest of the mass resides in the labile compartment. Naphthalene in the reversible compartment follows a linear adsorption isotherm with a normal organic carbon-based partition coefficient. A finite fixed total compartment size is observed for the irreversible fraction, (μg/g), on both natural and surrogate solids. In multiple batch adsorption/desorption experiments, the maximum concentrations that resist desorption are ≈ 10 μg/g for naphthalene on Lula sediment and ≈ 0.36 μg/g for 2,2‘,5,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2‘,5,5‘-CB) on both Lula and surrogate solids. The concentration in the irreversibly sorbed compartment varied with the initial naphthalene concentration available for adsorption. In addition, the amount in the irreversibly sorbed compartme...
A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the molecular interaction of cholesterol with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.

Abstract The temperature dependencies of the infrared spectra of pure and cholesterol-containing multibilayers of 1,2- dipalmitoyl -sn- glycero -3- phosphocholine were studied using Fourier transform infrared techniques. A comparison of the spectroscopic data showed the retention of a melting phenomenon at 60 mol% cholesterol content, and the retention of some all-trans conformations in the liquid-crystalline phase. It is also demonstrated that at temperatures less than 30°C, the cholesterol-containing 1,2- dipalmitoyl -sn- glycero -3- phosphocholine multibilayers still contain a small amount of pure 1,2- dipalmitoyl -sn- glycero -3- phosphocholine , packed in an orthorhombic subcell lattice. Spectral changes were found in the absorptions characteristic of the phospholipid head groups. The addition of cholesterol results in changes in the ester bands, and demonstrates the induction by cholesterol of non-equivalent ester conformations.
Design and parallel fabrication of wire-grid polarization arrays for polarization-resolved imaging at 1.55 microm.

Polarization-resolved imaging can provide information about the composition and topography of the environment that is invisible to the eye. We demonstrate a practical method to fabricate arrays of small, orthogonal wire-grid polarizers (WGPs) that can be matched to individual detector pixels, and we present design curves that relate the structure to the polarization extinction ratio obtained. The photonic area lithographically mapped (PALM) method uses multiple-exposure conventional and holographic lithography to create subwavelength patterns easily aligned to conventional mask features. WGPs with polarization extinction ratios of ~10 at a 1.55 μm wavelength were fabricated, and square centimeter areas of square micrometer size WGP arrays suitable for polarization-resolved imaging on glass were realized.
Effects of marathon running, jogging, and diet on coronary risk factors in middle-aged men.

Abstract Equal groups (N = 22) of middle-aged marathon runners, joggers, and inactive men were studied to determine the possible effect of their activity levels and life-styles on coronary risk factors. The level of physical activity necessary to minimize coronary risk was studied by evaluating differences among the three groups. Both active groups weighed less, had less triceps skinfold fat, and higher HDL cholesterol levels than the inactive group. Total cholesterol level was not different among the three groups, but the marathoners had significantly lower triglyceride levels than the inactive men. Except for higher V O 2 max and weekly miles run, lower resting heart rate, and percentage fat in the marathoners, no differences were found between the marathon runners and joggers. Dietary data showed that there were not significant differences among the three groups, except that the joggers consumed more dairy products than the inactive group. Marathon runners and joggers both appear to have lower risk factors for coronary disease than inactive men.
Nuclear charge distributions in 1f72-shell nuclei from muonic x-ray measurements

Precise 2p-1s muonic x-ray transition energies and energy shifts were measured for the 1f/sub 7/2/-shell nuclei /sup 39,41/K, /sup 40,42,43,44,46,48/Ca, /sup 45/Sc, /sup 46,47,48,49,50/Ti, /sup 51/V, /sup 50,52,53,54/Cr, /sup 55/Mn, and /sup 56/Fe. The data were analyzed in terms of the Barrett moments of the nuclear charge distribution, from which equivalent nuclear radii R/sub k/ and isotopic and isotonic differences ..delta..R/sub k/ were computed. For those nuclei for which electron-scattering data were available, model-independent rms radii and radius differences were deduced from a combined analysis of the present data and elastic electron-scattering data. The ..delta..N=2 isotope shifts between even-A nuclei decrease nearly linearly with increasing N and become negative in the second half (24< or =N< or =28) of the 1f/sub 7/2/ shell; a strong shell-closure effect is evident at N=28. The isotope shifts are independent of Z, suggesting that the added neutrons interact with the entire proton core rather than with the valence protons. The ..delta..Z=2 isotone shifts between even-A nuclei decrease smoothly and uniformly with increasing Z for 20< or =Z< or =28 and are essentially independent of N. Like the isotope shifts, the isotone shifts display a sudden increase at Z=28. Both the ..delta..N=1 isotope shifts andmore » the ..delta..Z=1 isotone shifts show pronounced odd-even staggering. A strong correlation is found between nuclear deformation, as revealed by experimental B(E2) values, and the measured isotope and isotone shifts. The measured isotope and isotone shifts, including those for odd-A nuclei, are satisfactorily described by a simple empirical formula. The experimental results were compared with Hartree-Fock calculations; some recent calculations that include ground-state correlations display improved agreement with experiment through the inclusion of these deformation-related effects.« less
Procyclicality and Fair Value Accounting

In light of the uncertainties about valuation highlighted by the 2007-2008 market turbulence, this paper provides an empirical examination of the potential procyclicality that fair value accounting (FVA) could introduce in bank balance sheets. The paper finds that, while weaknesses in the FVA methodology may introduce unintended procyclicality, it is still the preferred framework for financial institutions. It concludes that capital buffers, forward-looking provisioning, and more refined disclosures can mitigate the procyclicality of FVA. Going forward, the valuation approaches for accounting, prudential measures, and risk management need to be reconciled and will require adjustments on the part of all parties.
Valuing the well connected

Should the healthcare system favour people whose treatment is more likely to also benefit those around them?
Gendering places: residential technology and changing family relations in Korea

This research is based on the understanding that the house form shapes and is shaped by predominant socio-cultural values and norms. The study outlines how the physical evolution of the Korean house form, specifically its heating system called the ondol, has been part of Korean women's lives since the fourteenth century. In particular, however, I focus on the twentieth century. I first describe how the physical structure of the Korean house and the ondol evolved in conjunction with larger societal changes during this period, arguing that these technological changes have substantially influenced the everyday practices of women, the social interactions among family members at home, and women's experiences of being at home. Second, and in order to provide more in-depth analysis of these interactions, I look to the results of 30 interviews with Korean American seniors. This study suggests that the living experiences of the residents were variously affected by their gender and generational relationships within...