cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION OF WEIGHT TO DIABETES

Overweight as a possible etiologic factor in diabetes has been discussed by many writers, and the present study of the weight in 528 cases was undertaken to ascertain whether or not diabetics as a rule are much overweight and the part that this condition may play in the production of the disease. The maximum weight of each patient was used in the preparation of the data presented in preference to the weight on admission, as it seemed probable that the former would serve better as an index to the role of overweight in the development of diabetes. Overweight presupposes overeating, and overeating presupposes an increased demand on the insulogenic function of the pancreas.
Government Support of Private Claims to Public Minerals: Western Mineral Rights

“Gold is where you find it,” said the old prospector. It has long been recognized, in one way or another, that it belongs to him who can find it and extract it, and that the rules of land tenure and use formed in an agrarian society would serve poorly to define legal rights. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the demand for gold was particularly high. Its vital significance to American economic growth is revealed in the fact that the chronic foreign trade deficit of the United States in these years was balanced by two main elements: capital imports and gold exports. Professor Libecap shows just how pragmatic Americans could be about the impact of economics upon law under such circumstances, and draws a picture of a land use code that proved as malleable as the glittering metal it called forth.
Development and Evaluation of a Low Cutpoint Virtual Impactor

Designing an impactor with a submicrometer cutpoint is a technical challenge, since high jet velocities (resulting in low pressures downstream of the jet nozzle) or small orifices are required. This paper presents the development of a low cutpoint virtual impactor that operates at a small pressure drop. A parametric study was performed to determine the conditions that affect the performance of the virtual impactor. In addition, a detailed measurement of the particle losses through the system is presented. By developing a better understanding of the particle collection and losses as a function of geometric and flow parameters, the design of low cut-point virtual impactors can be optimized. The results show that the virtual impactor has a cutpoint of 0.12 μm at a pressure drop of 0.08 atm, with low particle losses, averaging about 7% with a maximum of 14% at the 50% cutpoint. The separation characteristics of the virtual impactor are similar to those predicted by the theory. Reducing the minor flow ratio fr...
Does employment protection inhibit technology diffusion

Ia sk whether differences in labor market performance between the US and Europe can be attributed to an interaction between employment protection legislation (EPL) and an acceleration in the rate of capital-embodied technical change associated with the advent of information technologies. I find that EPL is associated with a slowing in the diffusion of new technologies. I also find that an acceleration in the rate of embodied technical change has a negligible effect on employment in an undistorted economy. In addition, in the presence of EPL, employment decreases in the long run after such a shock.
Home fire safety education for parents of newborns

In children under 1 year of age, the proportion of unintentional burns increases with infant age and mobility. Infants are not able to avoid burns and are dependent on parental or adult help. Treatment of burns in young children is expensive in terms of the life-long costs. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in home fire safety (HFS) knowledge and practices over time for parents of newborn children and expecting parents. HFS knowledge of 103 parents was assessed at baseline, immediately after watching a DVD on HFS (recall), and at 2-week follow-up (retention). In addition, the United States Fire Administration (USFA)/Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Home Safety Checklist which examines HFS practices in the homes was administered. Seventy percent of the participants were Caucasian, 65% were married, and 81% were first-time parents. HFS knowledge increased significantly from baseline to recall (45±12% vs. 87±17% correct responses, p<0.0001), but declined to 75±18% correct at retention. That is, an individual's baseline scores nearly doubled at recall (42±11% change in baseline score), but only increased by 67% at retention (30±15% change in baseline score). For a subsample of parents who completed the USFA Checklist (n=22), the mean percentage of advocated practices followed was 71±11% (range: 40-89%). Using DVDs was an effective educational modality for increasing HFS knowledge. This addressed an important problem of decreasing burns in infants through increasing parent knowledge and HFS practices using a short, inexpensive DVD.
Layout level timing optimization by leveraging active area dependent mobility of strained-silicon devices

Advanced MOSFETs such as Strained Silicon (SS) devices have emerged as critical enablers to keep Moore's law on track for sub-100nm technologies. Use of Strained Silicon devices provides performance improvement equivalent to use of next generation devices, without actually requiring scaling. Traditionally, the research in the field of SS has been focussed on device modeling and process characterization. Recently (in [1] [2]), the dependence of mobility of a SS MOSFET device on its poly-to-poly distance has been reported. In this work, we propose a new methodology to exploit this dependence to achieve cycle time reduction of a design at the layout level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research work to tackle timing closure by layout modifications using active area dependent mobility of SS devices. Our methodology shows consistent improvement for benchmark designs mapped onto various 90nm commercial standard cell libraries. This work enables reduction of cycle time by as much as 6.31% (and on an average 5.25%) very late in the design closure cycle without requiring any optimization iterations.
Live Cell Imaging of Protein Dislocation from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are dislocated to the cytosol to be degraded by the proteasomes. Various plant and bacterial toxins and certain viruses hijack this dislocation pathway to exert their toxicity or to infect cells. In this study, we report a dislocation-dependent reconstituted GFP (drGFP) assay that allows, for the first time, imaging proteins dislocated from the ER lumen to the cytosol in living cells. Our results indicate that both luminal and membrane-spanning ER proteins can be fully dislocated from the ER to the cytosol. By combining the drGFP assay with RNAi or chemical inhibitors of proteins in the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase complex, we demonstrate that the Sel1L, Hrd1, p97/VCP, and importin β proteins are required for the dislocation of misfolded luminal α-1 antitrypsin. The strategy described in this work is broadly applicable to the study of other types of transmembrane transport of proteins and likely also of viruses and toxins in living cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells at the intersection of cell and gene therapy.

Importance of the field : Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Along with differentiation, MSCs can modulate inflammation, home to damaged tissues and secrete bioactive molecules. These properties can be enhanced through genetic-modification that would combine the best of both cell and gene therapy fields to treat monogenic and multigenic diseases. Areas covered in this review: Findings demonstrating the immunomodulation, homing and paracrine activities of MSCs followed by a summary of the current research utilizing MSCs as a vector for gene therapy, focusing on skeletal disorders, but also cardiovascular disease, ischemic damage and cancer. What the reader will gain: MSCs are a possible therapy for many diseases, especially those related to the musculoskeletal system, as a standalone treatment, or in combination with factors that enhance the abilities of these cells to migrate, survive or promote healing through anti-inflammatory and immu...
Effects of endurance exercise training, metformin, and their combination on adipose tissue leptin and IL-10 secretion in OLETF rats

Adipose tissue inflammation plays a role in cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The interactive effects of e...
A note on free relative clauses in the theory of phases

1. The problem The central question for the analysis of “headless” relative clauses, also known as free relatives (henceforth FRs), concerns the position of the wh-phrase (what in (1)), and in particular whether it raises to a clause-internal or clause-external position (see van Riemsdijk 2006a for a survey and references). (1) (I eat) [FR whati you cook ti] The crucial property of (1) is its nominal character: It occurs in a position otherwise restricted to a DP argument. This is the way in which what you cook in (1) differs from what you cook in (2), where the same string is interpreted as an indirect question: (2) (I wonder) [Q whati you cook ti] In languages like German, where nominal elements can occur in the middle field but (finite) clausal categories can do so only very marginally, the asymmetry between FRs and embedded questions comes out clearly: (3) Ich werde [FR was ich gefunden habe] niemandem (t) zeigen I will what I found have nobody show 'I won't show to anybody what I found' (4) ??Mir hat sie [Q wer es gesagt hat] ja nicht (t) gesagt me has she who it said has PRT not said
Water suppression using a combination of hard and soft pulses

Numerous methods are available for suppression of the Hz0 resonance in the NMR spectra of water-soluble compounds. These methods include presaturation (I, 2), excitation with a soft pulse (3) or a Redfield pulse (4), rapid scan correlation (5), binomial hard-pulse sequences (6-9), and methods that exploit the different relaxation characteristics of HZ0 and solute protons (10-13). In recent years, the binomial hard-pulse sequences and variations thereof (14, 15) have become most widely used. Morris and Smith (16) showed that the binomial sequences can be combined with a single nonselective 90” pulse to provide an excitation spectrum which has nearly maximal excitation over a wide frequency range except for a narrow region around the HZ0 resonance which has near-zero excitation. The phase distortions resulting from this type of excitation are severe which leads to problems when this type of composite pulse is used in phase-sensitive two-dimensional NMR experiments. Levitt and Roberts (I 7) very recently proposed a new hard-pulse sequence which has a much weaker phase dependence across the spectrum while still providing good water suppression. However, the remaining small phase distortions, which present no problem in 1D NMR, can present difficulties in 2D NMR spectra. For example, cross peaks in a NOESY spectrum are typically two orders of magnitude weaker than diagonal peaks and even small phase distortions of the diagonal resonances give rise to serious distortions in the 2D spectrum. A recently proposed echo scheme (18) yields pure absorptive resonances across the entire spectrum but gives poor excitation close to the water resonance. Here we demonstrate the use of a hard/soft pulse combination first suggested by Gupta and Redfield (I 9). In principle, this type of hard/soft pulse combination can solve both the excitation window and the phasing problems mentioned above. However, it should be noted that the hard/soft pulse combinations described below require very stable spectrometer hardware. Conceptually the method is extremely simple. With the carrier placed on the HZ0 resonance, a weak 90?, pulse of duration T (T = 5 ms) rotates the HZ0 magnetization from the z axis to the -y axis (Fig. la), while leaving all resonances more than about 50 Hz removed from the HZ0 resonance along the z axis. A subsequent nonselective 90,” pulse rotates the HZ0 magnetization back to the z axis and rotates the resonances
What Might a Twenty-Year Old Conference Tell us About the Future of Our Profession?

The 1993 inaugural issue of the Journal of Statistics Education (JSE) published an article about a small conference for Principal Investigators (PIs) and co-PIs of twelve projects in statistics education funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This twenty-year retrospective (1) offers some personal memories related to the founding of JSE, (2) offers some thoughts about the legacies of the twelve funded projects, (3) sets out a sense of how the conference themes have fared over the last twenty years, and (4) indicates what this might suggest about the future of our profession. In conclusion, I argue (briefly) that at this moment in its history, statistics education faces the biggest opportunity and challenge of its last 40 years.
Hormone responses of proximal Na(+)-H+ exchanger in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Na(+)-H+ exchange activity is increased in hypertensive rat strains and could be a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Previously we demonstrated that proximal nephron Na(+)-H+ exchange is stimulated by alpha-adrenergic agonists and angiotensin II (ANG II) and inhibited by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dopamine (DA). To test the hypothesis that hormonal regulation of proximal nephron Na(+)-H+ exchange could differ with hypertension, alterations in Na(+)-H+ exchange were determined by 1) amiloride analogue-suppressible 22Na+ uptake and 2) change in intracellular pH (pHi) as monitored with the fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)carboxyfluorscein acetoxymethyl ester. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats had similar tail-cuff pressures at 4 wk, but SHR blood pressure was significantly elevated at 8 and 16 wk compared with WKY. No significant differences were observed between SHR and WKY basal ethylisopropyl amiloride-suppressible 22Na+ uptakes ...
Entanglement swapping of two arbitrarily degraded entangled states

We consider entanglement swapping, a key component of quantum network operations and entanglement distribution. Pure entangled states, which are the desired input to the swapping protocol, are typically mixed by environmental interactions, causing a reduction in their degree of entanglement. Thus an understanding of entanglement swapping with partially mixed states is of importance. Here we present a general analytical solution for entanglement swapping of arbitrary two-qubit states. Our result provides a comprehensive method for analyzing entanglement swapping in quantum networks. First, we show that the concurrence of a partially mixed state is conserved when this state is swapped with a Bell state. Then, we find upper and lower bounds on the concurrence of the state resulting from entanglement swapping for various classes of input states. Finally, we determine a general relationship between the ranks of the initial states and the rank of the final state after swapping.
Models, Modeling, and Characterization

This chapter contains sections titled: Modeling and Characterization Two-Port Circuits S Parameters (Scattering Parameters??????-??????Voltage Referenced) T Parameters The Smith?????? Chart 1 Transmission Line Model Components??????-??????Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor, and Stubs Test Fixture Consideration Transmission Line Discontinuities This chapter contains sections titled: Exercises
Abstract 3333: Serum Lipids and Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Thrombus Composition in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Histopathology has shown that thrombi retrieved acutely from cerebral arteries in acute ischemic stroke patients typically have intermixed fibrin-platelet-dominant and red blood cell ...
Advanced communication optimizations for data-parallel programs

One of the important steps in compiling data-parallel programs for distributed memory machines is communication analysis and optimizations. The existing research in the area of communication analysis and communication optimization can be classified into three levels : - Single Loop Nest Level - Single Procedure Analysis - Interprocedural analysis. In this short paper, we describe our work in the area of aggregating communication across procedure boundaries.
Central brain atrophy in childhood AIDS encephalopathy.

Objective : To determine differential patterns of brain atrophy in pediatric AIDS encephalopathy. Design : We measured the bicaudate, bifrontal, and ventricle-brain ratio in brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 42 control children, nine children with progressive AIDS encephalopathy, 25 AIDS children without progressive encephalopathy, and 23 children with cerebral atrophy of other causes. Results : When compared with controls, encephalopathy patients showed significantly increased bicaudate and ventricle-brain ratios, but no significant increase in bifrontal ratio, whereas children with brain atrophy from causes other than AIDS showed increases in all three ratios. Conclusion : Children with AIDS encephalopathy demonstrate a specific pattern of brain atrophy distinct from other etiologies : a central atrophy, primarily affecting the subcortical white matter or the basal ganglia regions.
Non-resonant optical cavity design for optical refrigeration

We present a study of non-resonant optical cavities for optical refrigerators. Designs have been studied to maximize pump light-trapping to improve absorption and thereby increase the efficiency of optical refrigeration. The approaches of non-resonant optical cavities by Herriott-cell and total-internal-reflection were studied. Ray-tracing simulations and experiments were performed to analyze and optimize the different light-trapping configurations. We present a trade-off analysis between performance, reliability, and manufacturability.
Measuring the Developing Therapeutic Relationship Between Pregnant Women and Community Health Workers Over the Course of the Pregnancy in a Study Intervention

The Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship in Community Mental Health Care (STAR) is a frequently-administered tool for measuring therapeutic relationships between clinicians and patients. This manuscript tested the STAR’s psychometric properties within a community health worker (CHW)-led intervention study involving pregnant and postpartum women. Women (n = 141) enrolled in the study completed the 12-item participant STAR survey (STAR-P) at two time points over the course of pregnancy and at two time points after delivery. The factor structure of the STAR-P proved to be unstable with this population. However, a revised 9-item STAR-P revealed a two-factor model of positive and negative interactions, and demonstrated strong internal consistency at postpartum time points. The revised STAR-P shows strong psychometric properties, and is suitable for use to evaluate the relationship developed between CHWs and pregnant and postpartum women in an intervention program.
Directing the Conformation of Oligo(phenylenevinylene) Polychromophores with Rigid, Nonconjugatable Morphons

The synthesis and morphological investigation of a series of polychromophore polymers composed of oligomeric bis(2-ethylhexyl)-p-phenylenevinylene (BEH-PPV) (trimer, pentamer, and heptamer) monomers copolymerized with rigid morphological directing groups (morphons) are described. The polymerization was carried out using a Sonogashira cross-coupling polymerization between monomers composed of an iodo-terminated BEH-PPV oligomer and a bis(phenylacetylene)-containing morphon. The rigid morphons are prepared from adamantane and diamantane frameworks that are composed solely of sp3 carbons, inhibit conjugation between BEH-PPV oligomers, and direct the local polymer morphology in either a bent or linear vector, respectively. The morphological properties of the polychromophore polymers were interrogated via single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, thin-film absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Significant morphological variation was found upon substituting the morphon, as well...
The Role of Reproductive Hormones in Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Function during Behavioral Stress

The role of reproductive hormones—both male and female—in the development and progression of coronary heart disease has been studied by epidemiologists for many years, yet discrepancies in the epidemiological literature are widespread, no doubt due to the complexities of the human reproductive system itself. Despite the discrepancies, there is significant evidence that endogenous ovarian hormones—most likely the estrogens—serve a cardioprotective role for women. In some cases, and in small doses, certain exogenous estrogens might also be protective against heart disease. There is little doubt that both endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones play a complicated role in modulating the risk of coronary heart disease.
David Oliver: Time for an honest patient’s charter?

The parliamentary act that led to the NHS’s creation set out what the public could expect—a universal service based on need, free at the point of delivery.1 Since then, the government has repeatedly set out standards that the public should expect. We had John Major’s “patient’s charter,”2 then NHS standards for four hours in emergency departments or two weeks for investigation of suspected cancer.3 The NHS constitution strengthened the founding principles.4 The government response to the Francis inquiry guaranteed fundamental standards of care.5 The Care Quality Commission explicitly inspects services …
Variable Loop Gain Using Excessive Regeneration Detection for a Delayed Wide-Area Control System

Excessive time delay in the implementation of a wide-area damping controller may lead to poor time-domain response or instability of an otherwise stable closed loop system. Careful monitoring of the controller output reveals the relative phase margin as it tends toward a vanishingly small value. Design and analysis of the excessive regeneration detector for system stability migration is presented. Details of degradation are followed by the description of a variable loop gain controller to ensure stability in the presence of significant delay, with nominal controller design developed using loop shaping theory. Linear and nonlinear stability of the system is assessed with the variable loop gain controller in place. Simulations of multiple disturbance environments and time delay conditions validate the developed theory using a detailed nonlinear model of the western North American power system. Finally, a GPS spoofing algorithm is employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach to a malicious phasor measurement unit attack.
Defatted microalgae serve as a dual dietary source of highly bioavailable iron and protein in an anemic pig model

Abstract Three experiments were conduct to determine potentials of two types of defatted green microalgae (DGM) as a main source of dietary iron (Fe) and(or) a dual source of dietary iron (Fe) and protein for humans using a weanling pig model. In Experiment I, 30 mild anemic pigs [hemoglobin (Hb): 9.4 ± 0.6 g/dL] were fed a corn-soy basal diet (BD, no Fe added) or the BD + 12 mg Fe/kg (as FeSO 4 ), + 0.5% DGM ( Nannochloropsis oceanica ), + phytase at 500 units/kg, and + both DGM and phytase for 6 weeks. Supplemental DGM and(or) phytase enhanced ( P 4 . In Experiment II, 10 anemic pigs (Hb: 8.2 ± 2.9 g/dL) were fed BD or BD + 7.5% DGM ( Desmodesmus sp.) for 5 weeks. The DGM diet elevated ( P P 4 supplementation. In conclusion, these two types of DGM were effective in alleviating mild anemia of weanling pigs either at a minute inclusion as a main Fe source or at a moderate inclusion as a dual source of both Fe and protein. A high level of DGM did not cause apparent adverse effect.
Permissible Epistemic Trade-Offs

Recent rejections of epistemic consequentialism, like those from Firth, Jenkins, Berker, and Greaves, have argued that consequentialism is committed to objectionable trade-offs and suggest that con...
Flow-gated capillary electrophoresis: a powerful technique for rapid and efficient chemical separation

Flow-gated capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a hybrid of conventional and microchip CE since it employs a fused silica capillary as the separation channel while taking advantage of the rapid flow-gated injection that is mainly used in microchip CE. Compared with conventional CE, flow-gated CE has excellent flexibility to be combined with online sample pre-treatment procedures such as microdialysis, analyte derivatization, sample cleanup and enrichment via solid phase extraction, as well as 2D separation coupled with HPLC or CE. Additionally, the rapid sample injection may improve the separation efficiency and analytical throughput. Compared with electrophoresis on a microchip, flow-gated CE has advantages such as high separation efficiency, low capillary cost, convenient coupling with different detectors, and using fresh separation buffer. To build flow-gated CE systems, several configurations of flow-gating interfaces have been developed, out of which the transverse flow-gating configuration predominates with advantages such as small void volumes and easy preparation. Flow-gated CE has shown cutting-edge applications in in vivo measurements of neurotransmitters and in vitro monitoring of chemicals released by cultured cells or tissues. In addition, flow-gated CE, as the second dimensional separation method, has been successfully coupled with HPLC and CE to perform 2D separation. This review covers the basic instrumental setup and characteristics of flow-gated CE, flow-gating interfaces, and major applications, as well as coupling with various analytical techniques. Finally, a brief statement about the future direction of flow-gated CE is discussed. The review aims to provide the scientific community with meaningful knowledge and progress about flow-gated CE thus promoting its further development and applications.
Genetic Engineering of Saccharum

Over the last two decades, substantial progress has been made in the genetic engineering of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) through improvements in tissue culture procedures, allowing a higher efficiency of generating transgenic plants using Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic gene transfers. Elucidation of gene function and development of varieties with improved yield, sugar level, fiber content, and other desirable traits and products for superior performance have been possible through transgenic technologies. Researchers are now focusing on optimizing existing methodologies and developing new technologies for the production of elite varieties, enhancement of transgene expression, and manipulation of metabolic pathways for improved molecular breeding and commercial exploitation. At present, no transgenic sugarcane has been released to the commercial market, but with the aid of large investments from the private sector, the commercialization of this major sugar- and biomass-producing crop should be accelerated.
Unusual DNA Structures and the Probes Used for their Detection

A veritable explosion in our knowledge of unusual DNA structures has occurred in recent years. Our enhanced knowledge about specific DNA sequences via DNA sequencing and cloning has been a contributory factor. Furthermore, the establishment of diverse types of methods for the detection and analysis of unusual DNA structures has also been important. For example, in the early days of left-handed Z-DNA (1979–1982), the only techniques available were x-ray diffraction on short oligonucleotides, circular dichroism, phosphorus NMR, and laser Raman spectroscopy. Today, at least 15 different types of physical, enzymatic, immunological, chemical, and spectroscopic methods are available. Studies have been conducted on recombinant plasraids, short synthetic oligonucleotides, as well as purified restriction fragments.
Categorization Skills and Concepts

From an early age, infants can categorize visual stimuli (e.g., squares vs. circles, dogs vs. cats). To understand infants’ concepts and categorization skills fully, however, requires that one understands the methods and procedures used to assess them, and how those methods and procedures limit the conclusions that can be drawn. There are many demonstrations of infants’ abilities to form concepts and categories. However, we are only just beginning to understand how infants form categories, and how categorization changes over the course of infancy.
Design procedures for dynamically loaded foundations

Practical methods for the analysis of foundations subjected to dynamic loadings are discussed and design methods are proposed. These methods use a system of lumped masses, springs, and dashpots approximately equivalent to the actual foundation soil system. The key step of evaluating the lumped parameters of the system was obtained from the theories of footings resting on semi-infinite elastic bodies.
Asian-Americans: The Historical Implications of Light Skin

Given the racial and ethnic shifts in contemporary Western cultures, scholars face an unprecedented challenge to keep pace with the implications of such shifts for victim-group discrimination. The migration of Asian ethnic populations to the United States has created the need for a new and more inclusive perspective pertaining to discrimination. Of particular concern in the study of victim-group discrimination is the need to understand the impact of assimilation of Asian-Americans into a racist dominant-group society such as the United States, and how the influences of skin color are enacted as discrimination, by Asian-Americans against other victim-group populations. For some, discrimination in the United States is served by the traditions of their native culture. Heretofore little investigated, a study of the growing number of Asian populations will be better illustrated and allow for a more comprehensive examination of victimism as a twenty-first-century sociological fact.
Application of tension to prerigor goat carcasses to improve cooked meat tenderness

Abstract In two separate experiments, carcasses of intact Kiko × Boer male kids were assigned randomly to tension treatments applied 30 min postmortem: 1) suspended by the Achilles tendon (AT); 2) suspended from the pelvic bone with front and hind legs tied together (TS); or 3) suspended by the Achilles tendon, and the fore- and hindsaddle were separated at the 12th/13th thoracic intervertebral disk, external fat, accessory muscles and epimysium surrounding the longissimus muscle (LM) were cut (TC), and a 2.3-kg weight attached to the neck (TC + W). Warner-Bratzler shear force values for the LM were reduced (P
Hurricane Harvey Highlights: Need to Assess the Adequacy of Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation Methods

AbstractProbable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the primary criterion used to design flood protection measures for critical infrastructures such as dams and nuclear power plants. Based on our analy...
Multistimuli Responsive Nanocomposite Tectons for Pathway Dependent Self-Assembly and Acceleration of Covalent Bond Formation

Nanocomposite tectons (NCTs) are a recently developed building block for polymer-nanoparticle composite synthesis, consisting of nanoparticle cores functionalized with dense monolayers of polymer chains that terminate in supramolecular recognition groups capable of linking NCTs into hierarchical structures. In principle, the use of molecular binding to guide particle assembly allows NCTs to be highly modular in design, with independent control over the composition of the particle core and polymer brush. However, a major challenge to realize an array of compositionally and structurally varied NCT-based materials is the development of different supramolecular bonding interactions to control NCT assembly, as well as an understanding of how the organization of multiple supramolecular groups around a nanoparticle scaffold affects their collective binding interactions. Here, we present a suite of rationally designed NCT systems, where multiple types of supramolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, metal complexation, and dynamic covalent bond formation) are used to tune NCT assembly as a function of multiple external stimuli including temperature, small molecules, pH, and light. Furthermore, the incorporation of multiple orthogonal supramolecular chemistries in a single NCT system makes it possible to dictate the morphologies of the assembled NCTs in a pathway-dependent fashion. Finally, multistimuli responsive NCTs enable the modification of composite properties by postassembly functionalization, where NCTs linked by covalent bonds with significantly enhanced stability are obtained in a fast and efficient manner. The designs presented here therefore provide major advancement for the field of composite synthesis by establishing a framework for synthesizing hierarchically ordered composites capable of complicated assembly behaviors.
Through a Face Mask

Put aside the exasperating debate about whether individuals should wear a face mask to protect themselves and others against the spread of the COVID-19 virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Wearing a face mask has become a cause celebre, with implications of safety for oneself and others, trust in science, and being in defiance of or in lockstep with healthcare authority figures.
Judgement for Israel: The Marriage of Wrath and Mercy in Romans 9–11

Reviewing John Barclay's Paul and the Gift, Susan Eastman recognises the need for ‘fuller analysis of judgment’ in Paul to accompany such penetrating work on grace. The dearth of interest in wrath often perpetuates the Marcionite premise that wrath precludes mercy, a false antithesis that especially skews interpretation of Romans. This presumed opposition leads scholars to find dithering dialectic, two covenants, two Israels or contradictory fantasy in Rom 9–11. Replacing the simple binary with a thicker lens of provisional judgement clarifies Paul's argument that God strikes Israel in wrath in order to heal them.
U.S. Withdrawal From the World Health Organization: Unconstitutional and Unhealthy

On May 29, 2020, during the same week that U.S. deaths from COVID-19 topped 100,000, President Trump announced that the United States would end relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). In the beginning of July, the administration formally notified the United Nations of the decision to withdraw. Withdrawing the United States from the WHO would threaten both national and global health interests. The loss of U.S. funding would derail WHO’s ability to detect and respond to emergencies like COVID-19, and could reverse hard-won progress in combatting infectious and non-communicable diseases, and addressing the social determinants of health globally. The United States also would cede its position as a global health leader, curtailing its ability to engage in global health diplomacy. Yet President Trump’s apparent attempt to unilaterally withdraw the United States from the WHO raises major constitutional implications, and Congress must not let the move go unchallenged. As the United States entered the WHO through a joint congressional resolution, the same process should be required to exit the WHO. That joint resolution also imposes withdrawal requirements of one year’s notice and full payment of dues for that year. These two conditions indicate Congress’ intent to maintain a role in any decision to vacate the WHO. Congress must now step into that role and prevent the president from ending WHO membership and funding. This paper was prepared as part of Assessing Legal Responses to COVID-19, a comprehensive report published by Public Health Law Watch in partnership with the de Beaumont Foundation and the American Public Health Association.
Low-Order Method for Prediction of Separation and Stall on Unswept Wings

A low-order method is presented for aerodynamic prediction of wings operating at near-stall and post-stall flight conditions. The method is intended for use in design, modeling, and simulation. In ...
The Virtual Workplace: Public Health, Efficiency, and Opportunity

The recent pandemic has clarified the overwhelming connection between the workplace and technology. With thousands of employees suddenly forced to work at home, a large segment of the workforce quickly received crash courses in videoconferencing and other technologies, and society as a whole took a step back to redefine what employment actually means. The virtual workplace is the blending of brick-and-mortar physical places of business with the advanced technologies that now make it possible for workers to perform their duties outside of the office. Trying to regulate in this area requires the application of decades old employment laws to a context never even contemplated by the legislatures that wrote those rules. This book explores the emerging issues of virtual work—defining employment, litigating claims, aggregating cases, unionizing workers, and preventing harassment—and provides clarity to these areas, synthesizing the current case law, statutory rules, and academic literature to provide guidance to workers and companies operating in the technology sector.
Comparative study of neuroendocrine acquisition and biomarker expression between neuroendocrine and usual prostatic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma (NEPC) is uncommon. The pathogenesis, clinical association, and clinical implications of this disease are still evolving. METHODS Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and genomic studies were used to investigate the incidence of NEPC in various clinicopathologic settings and the expression of various biomarkers in NEPC and non-NEPC as well as small cell NEPC. The study included 45 treatment-naive Gleason pattern (GP) 3 and 94 GP 4/5, 43 post-radiation, 60 post-androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 38 lymph node metastatic and 9 small cell prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCs). RESULTS NEPC was found in 7% GP3, 10% GP4/5, 9% post-radiation, 18% post-ADT, and 5% lymph node metastatic PCs, respectively. Compared with treatment-naive PCs, post-ADT PCs showed significantly increased incidence of NEPC (p < .05) while no significant difference was noted between low- and high-grade PCs, post-radiation, and lymph node metastatic PCs. Serotonin was uniformly positive in NE cells of benign glands but negative in NEPC. Significant increase of Bcl-2 and Auro A and decrease of prostein were noted in NEPC (p < .05). No significant changes in the expression of other biomarkers were found. In addition, small cell NEPC was strongly associated with ADT (44%) and high Gleason score (≥8, 100%) and often presented with alterations of TP53/RB1 and ARID1A/B or other genes crucial to genomic fidelity. CONCLUSION Given that no specific treatment for NEPC is presently available, the findings in this study have significant implications in the better understanding of this often-deadly disease both clinically and pathogenetically as well as future patient management, including targeted therapy.
Design, Analysis and Fabrication of RC Operated Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle Mimicking Natural Flyers

Flapping-wing MAVs (Micro Aerial Vehicles) outnumber conventional MAVs in a range of capabilities including high maneuverability & hovering capability against fixed-wing vehicles and high forward velocity, less noise generation & highly energy efficiency in comparison to rotary-wing vehicles. Therefore, these MAVs find their interest in the field of reconnaissance and surveillance of indoor and outdoor strategic enemy areas in a camouflaged manner. This research aims at design, analysis and fabrication of flapping-wing MAV mimicking natural flyers. It includes parameterization, wing design, fuselage design, drive mechanism design, RC transmission selection and fabrication process. The MAV developed during this research has a wingspan of 35 cm and weighs 39 grams. The drive mechanism is one degree of freedom (DoF) battery-powered four-bar linkage crank-rocker gear mechanism to meet thrust requirements. Numerical and analytical comparison of kinematic analysis of the designed crank rocker mechanism is also a part of this research. The drive mechanism is actuated by a microcontroller operated AP05 3000kv Brushless DC motor. The drive mechanism provides a flapping amplitude of 72° at a frequency of 17 Hz. Prototype of the designed MAV comprises of 3-D printed drive mechanism, balsa wood fuselage, light weight actuation mechanism and RC receiver to minimize weight of the vehicle.
Spatially Resolved Characterization of Partially Deuterated KDP Crystals for Parametric Amplification

Local phase-matching variations in partially deuterated KDP used for broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification are spatially characterized using a beam-stabilized second-harmonic generation technique applicable to large-aperture crystals.
Requirements for psychological models to support design: Towards ecological task analysis

Cognitive engineering is largely concerned with creating environmental designs to support skillful and effective human activity. A set of necessary conditions are proposed for psychological models capable of supporting this enterprise. An analysis of the psychological nature of the design product is used to identify a set of constraints that models must meet if they can usefully guide design. It is concluded that cognitive engineering requires models with resources for describing the integrated human-environment system, and that these models must be capable of describing the activities underlying fluent and effective interaction. These features are required in order to be able to predict the cognitive activity that will be required given various design concepts, and to design systems that promote the acquisition of fluent, skilled behavior. These necessary conditions suggest that an ecological approach can provide valuable resources for psychological modeling to support design. Relying heavily on concepts from Brunswik's and Gibson's ecological theories, ecological task analysis is proposed as a framework in which to predict the types of cognitive activity required to achieve productive behavior, and to suggest how interfaces can be manipulated to alleviate certain types of cognitive demands. The framework is described in terms, and illustrated with an example from the previous research on modeling skilled human-environment interaction.
Is It Cheating to Use the Cheetahs? The Implications of Technologically Innovative Prostheses for Sports Values and Rules

This Article uses the case of Oscar Pistorius – the South African runner and amputee who competed with blade-like, lower-leg prostheses – to analyze how the International Association of Athletic Federations (IAAF), the world governing body of track and field, should regulate elite athletes’ use of innovative prostheses. The Article argues that the Court of Arbitration of Sport correctly decided that Pistorius should be permitted to compete in able-bodied competitions, but that the IAAF rule on which the decision was based failed to account for the full range of sports values implicated by the use innovative prostheses. The Article proposes that IAAF amend its rule to incorporate more sports values, including protecting athletes’ safety and preserving the fundamental nature of the sport, and clarify how it would assess new technologies in the future.
Combinatorics from bacterial genomes

By visualizing bacterial genome data we have encountered a few neat mathematical problems. The first problem concerns the number of longer missing strings (of length K + i, i ≥ 1) taken away by the absence of one or more K-strings. The exact solution of the problem may be obtained by using the Golden-Jackson cluster method in combinatorics and by making use of a special kind of formal languages, namely, the factorizable language. The second problem consists in explaining the fine structure observed in one-dimensional K-string histograms of some randomized genomes. The third problem is the uniqueness of reconstructing a protein sequence from its constituent K-peptides. The latter problem has a natural connection with the number of Eulerian loops in a graph. To tell whether a protein sequence has a unique reconstruction at a given K the factorizable language again comes to our help.
The Asian American College Experience at a Diverse Institution: Campus Climate as a Predictor of Sense of Belonging

Assessing campus climate is an important factor in understanding the persistence and satisfaction of all students. This investigation extends this research stream by examining the relationship between perceptions of campus and overall sense of belonging of Asian American students on a diverse campus. Administrators may use the information gained from this study to support a more successful and rewarding college experience for this growing undergraduate student population.
Comparison of trace element solubility from food items treated separately and in combination.

Solubility of trace elements from various foods (beef, soya, crab, wholemeal and white bread) is assessed with various extractants, at different pH's and after enzyme treatment. Simple extractants do not solubilise trace elements to the same degree as when they are released after digestive enzyme action. Enzymic action can change the nature of the soluble species as well as their amount. Trace element solubility from one food can be affected markedly by the presence of another food, e.g. soya enhances the solubility of iron from beef but suppresses zinc solubility. Trace elements that are bound to the insoluble residue after enzymolysis are soluble in saline solution on subsequent extraction in only isolated instances.
Quality and Comparability in Distance Field Education: Lessons Learned from Comparing Three Program Sites.

This article compares MSW field instruction at one local and two distance campus locations. The authors describe four “Action Steps” to design, implement, and evaluate the program with a focus on quality and comparability across sites. Data from students following their first-year field placement in 1995-96 are presented, including their perceptions of local and home-campus program resources, program responsiveness to local agency structures and culture, and program responses to confidentiality issues, a key issue in the comparatively smaller distance sites. The article concludes with suggestions for future development of field instruction in distance education programs.
Utilization of Stabilized Forms of Polynucleotides

Within a few years after the description of interferon by Isaacs and Lindenmann (1957), it was recognized that interferon potentially was a broad-spectrum antiviral agent of possibly high value in clinical medicine. However, the difficulty of preparing enough interferon, either nonhuman or human, prevented the adequate testing of this potentiality. Serious efforts were made to find nonreplicating agents that would cause the host to synthesize its own interferon in large quantity. While a number of compounds were found that are capable of causing mice, and possibly humans, to make interferon, they either induced too small amounts or were too toxic (Merigan 1973). Field et al. (1967) reported that a number of natural and synthetic double-stranded (ds) RNAs are capable of inducing interferon. In particular, the dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I)-poly(C)) was highly effective in rodents as an interferon inducer (Field et al. 1967), as an antiviral agent (Parks and Baron 1968; Worthington et al. 1973) and as an antitumor agent (Zelezinck and Bhuyan 1969; Levy et al. 1969).