cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro activity of the siderophore monosulfactam BAL30072 against contemporary Gram-negative pathogens from New York City, including multidrug-resistant isolates.

Abstract The in vitro activity of BAL30072 was assessed against clinical isolates from NYC hospitals, including isolates from a citywide surveillance study and a collection of isolates with well-characterised resistance mechanisms. BAL30072 was the most active β-lactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC50/90, 0.25/1 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC50/90, 4/>64 μg/mL) and KPC-possessing Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC50/90, 4/>64 μg/mL). Combining BAL30072 with meropenem resulted in a ≥4-fold decrease in the BAL30072 MIC90 both for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. For isolates with a BAL30072 MIC > 4 μg/mL, addition of a sub-MIC concentration of colistin resulted in a four-fold decrease in the BAL30072 MIC in 44% of P. aeruginosa, 82% of A. baumannii and 23% of K. pneumoniae. Using sub-MIC concentrations, BAL30072 plus colistin was bactericidal against 4 of 11 isolates in time–kill studies. BAL30072 MICs were frequently lower for P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae when tested using Mueller–Hinton agar versus Iso-Sensitest agar or Mueller–Hinton broth. Against the well-characterised isolates, reduced susceptibility to BAL30072 correlated with mexA and mexX expression (P. aeruginosa), adeB expression (A. baumannii) and presence of SHV-type ESBLs (A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae). BAL30072 shows promising activity against contemporary Gram-negatives, including MDR P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. Enhanced activity was often present when BAL30072 was combined with meropenem or colistin. BAL30072 MICs were influenced by the testing method, particularly for P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Further in vivo studies are warranted to determine the potential clinical utility of BAL30072 alone and combined with other agents.
Neighbourhood effects and housing demand

In this paper, we estimate a model of housing demand with neighborhood eects. We exploit special features of the National sample of the American Housing Survey and properties of housing markets that allow us to create “natural” instruments and therefore identify the impact of social interactions. We find evidence of both endogenous and contextual neighborhood eects. We report two alternative sets of estimates for neighborhood eects that dier in terms of the instruments we use for estimating the model. When the endogenous neighborhood eect is large the respective contextual eects are weak, and vice versa. The elasticity of housing demand with respect to the mean of the neighbors’ housing demands (the endogenous eect) ranges from 0.19 to 0.66 and is generally very significant. The contextual eects are also very significant. A key such eect, the elasticity with respect to the mean of neighbors’ permanent incomes ranges from 0.17 to 0.54.
Characterizing seawater oxygen isotopic variability in a regional ocean modeling framework: Implications for coral proxy records

Reconstructions of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are often created using the oxygen isotopic ratio in tropical coral skeletons (δ18O). However, coral δ18O can be difficult to interpret quantitatively, as it reflects changes in both temperature and the δ18O value of seawater. Small-scale (10–100 km) processes affecting local temperature and seawater δ18O are also poorly quantified and contribute an unknown amount to intercoral δ18O offsets. A new version of the Regional Ocean Modeling System capable of directly simulating seawater δ18O (isoROMS) is therefore presented to address these issues. The model is used to simulate δ18O variations over the 1979–2009 period throughout the Pacific at coarse (O(50 km)) resolution, in addition to 10 km downscaling experiments covering the central equatorial Pacific Line Islands, a preferred site for paleo-ENSO reconstruction from corals. A major impact of downscaling at the Line Islands is the ability to resolve fronts associated with tropical instability waves (TIWs), which generate large excursions in both temperature and seawater δ18O at Palmyra Atoll (5.9°N, 162.1°W). TIW-related sea surface temperature gradients are smaller at neighboring Christmas Island (1.9°N, 157.5°W), but the interaction of mesoscale features with the steep island topography nonetheless generates cross-island temperature differences of up to 1°C. These nonlinear processes alter the slope of the salinity:seawater δ18O relationship at Palmyra and Christmas, as well as affect the relation between coral δ18O and indices of ENSO variability. Consideration of the full physical oceanographic context of reef environments is therefore crucial for improving δ18O-based ENSO reconstructions.
Wavesched: a novel scheduling technique for control-flow intensive behavioral descriptions

In this paper, we present a novel scheduling algorithm targeted towards minimizing the average execution time of control-flow intensive behavioral descriptions. Our algorithm uses a CDFG model, which preserves the parallelism inherent in the application. It explores previously unexplored regions of the solution space by its ability to overlap the schedules of independent iterative constructs, whose bodies share resources. It also incorporates well known optimization techniques like loop unrolling in a natural fashion. This is made possible by a general loop-handling technique, which we have devised. Application of the algorithm to several common benchmarks demonstrates up to 4.8-fold improvement in expected schedule length over existing scheduling algorithms, without paying a price in terms of the best- and worst-case schedule lengths required to execute the behavioral description (in fact, frequently, the best/worst-case schedule lengths are also better for our algorithm).
Appraising Cultural Identity in Career‐Development Assessment and Counseling

Career-Development Assessment and Counseling (C-DAC) systematically bridges career theory and practice. Integrating differential, developmental, and phenomenological methods, the C-DAC model uses a comprehensive career assessment battery to help clients explore their roles, developmental stages and tasks, career attitudes and knowledge, values, and interests within their unique life contexts. The authors recommend elaborating the C-DAC model to formally appraise cultural identity in step one of the model and to consider cultural identity concerns throughout the C-DAC process. This should help counselors more clearly understand how cultural factors influence people's career development and vocational behavior.
Active sensory tuning of windnoise using a genetic algorithm

The subjective tuning of multidimensional systems is considered. Listener preference for certain attributes of sound over others involves multiple options, costs, and payoffs, and may require complex strategies to arrive at an optimal solution. When the complexity of such strategies becomes excessive, listeners adopt simpler strategies that may lead to poor, but achievable, solutions. Active sensory tuning (AST) is aimed at providing the listener an efficient search strategy that yields good solutions within reasonable time bounds. Within an engineering context, AST provides a direct link between the human user and the engineer's design parameters whereby the user can tune the design to their desired goal. This contrasts with much simpler, techniques whereby the user can rank their preference but the engineer must interpret such rankings with respect to the selected parameters.
Parent-adolescent communication and support for diabetes management as reported by adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

This study examined parental involvement in terms of communication and support and these variables in relationship to diabetes management responsibility and metabolic control from the perspective of adolescents. The sample consisted of 27 adolescents who were 12 to 19 years of age (M = 15.0 years, SD = 1.9) and had type 1 diabetes. Participants completed Independent Functioning, Independent Decision Making, Parent-Adolescent Communication, and Parental Support Checklists. Adolescents reported relatively high level of communication with parents and relatively low level of parental support. These adolescents reported more agreement than amount of communication with parents and reported more parental support received than sought. Although not significantly different, the means for amount of communication and agreement decreased from early to middle to late adolescence and the means for seeking and receiving support increased from early to middle and then decreased from middle to late adolescence. When workin...
Developmental age and taxonomic affinity of the Mojokerto child, Java, Indonesia

An increasing number of claims place hominids outside Africa and deep in Southeast Asia at about the same time that Homo erectus first appears in Africa. The most complete of the early specimens is the partial child's calvaria from Mojokerto (Perning I), Java, Indonesia. Discovered in 1936, the child has been assigned to Australopithecus and multiple species of Homo, including H. modjokertensis, and given developmental ages ranging from 1–8 years. This study systematically assesses Mojokerto relative to modern human and fossil hominid growth series and relative to adult fossil hominids. Cranial base and vault comparisons between Mojokerto and H. sapiens sapiens (Hss) (n = 56), Neandertal (n = 4), and H. erectus (n = 4) juveniles suggest a developmental age range between 4 and 6 years. This range is based in part on new standards for assessing the relative development of the glenoid fossa. Regression analyses of vault arcs and chords indicate that H. erectus juveniles have more rounded frontals and less angulated occipitals than their adult counterparts, whereas Hss juveniles do not show these differences relative to adults. The growth of the cranial superstructures and face appear critical to creating differences in vault contours between H. erectus and Hss. In comparison with adult H. erectus and early Homo (n = 27) and adult Hss (n = 179), the Mojokerto child is best considered a juvenile H. erectus on the basis of synapomorphies of the cranial vault, particularly a metopic eminence and occipital torus, as well as a suite of characters that describe but do not define H. erectus, including obelion depression, supratoral gutter, postorbital constriction, mastoid fissure, lack of sphenoid contribution to glenoid fossa, and length and breadth ratios of the temporomandibular joint. Mojokerto is similar to other juvenile H. erectus in the degree of development of its cranial superstructures and its vault contours relative to adult Indonesian specimens. The synapomorphies which Mojokerto shares with H. erectus are often considered autapomorphies of Asian H. erectus and confirm the early establishment and long-term continuity of the Asian H. erectus bauplan. This continuity does not, however, necessarily reflect on the pattern of origin of modern humans in the region. Am J Phys Anthropol 102:497–514, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Testing expert systems using conventional techniques

The authors describe a life-cycle approach for testing expert systems. They comment on the difficulties associated with testing of an expert system. Pragmatic testing methods of conventional software engineering are proposed as a solution to these problems. The application of these techniques is illustrated through an extended example for the expert system, MAPS, which diagnoses faults in a bipolar transistor induced to process defects in a VLSI manufacturing environment. >
Are Citizens "Receiving the Treatment"? Assessing a Key Link in Contextual Theories of Public Opinion and Political Behavior

The theorization and empirical exploration of contextual effects is a long-standing feature of public opinion and political behavior research. At present, however, there is little to no evidence that citizens actually perceive the local contextual factors theorized to influence their attitudes and behaviors. In this article, we focus on two of the most prevalent contextual factors appearing in theories—racial/ethnic and economic context—to investigate whether citizens’ perceptions of their local ethnic and economic contexts map onto variation in the actual ethnic composition and economic health of these environments. Using national survey data combined with Census data, and focusing on the popular topics of immigration and unemployment, we find that objective measures of the size of the immigrant population and unemployment rate in respondents’ county and zip code strongly predict perceived levels of local immigration and assessments of the health of one’s local job market. In addition to demonstrating that citizens are “receiving the treatment,” we show that perceptions of one’s context overwhelmingly mediate the effect of these objective contextual factors on relevant economic and immigration attitudes. The results from our analyses provide scholars with unprecedented evidence that a key perceptual process presumed in various contextual theories of political attitudes and behavior is, in fact, valid.
Entrepreneurship Outreach: A New Role for the Academic Business Librarian

The idea for this Special Issue on Business Librarianship and Entrepreneurship Outreach originated when I gave a short presentation on the growth of technology transfer and entrepreneurship program...
Frequent Loss of Heterozygosity at 11p Loci in Testicular Cancer

AbstractDeletions of segments of chromosome 11 have been found to be involved in several human tumors. Specific deletion of chromosomal band 11p13 has been associated with Wilms' tumors and gonadoblastomas. We performed a deletion analysis of 11p using 6 polymorphic probes and DNA from 30 testicular malignancies with corresponding normal DNA in 19 patients. A cDNA probe (WT 33) was used to evaluate the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) for loss by gene dosage analysis. Results using the polymorphic probes revealed loss of heterozygosity on 11p in 59 percent of informative samples, while use of the WT1 probe revealed loss of hemizygosity in 27 percent of the samples. Northern blot analysis of WT1 was performed on mRNA from 3 normal and 1 malignant testis, as well as from 4 testicular cancer cell lines (TERA 1, TERA 2, HTE and HTH). Northern blot analysis of the normal testes revealed the presence of the expected 3.2 and 2.7 kb transcripts. The TERA 1, TERA 2 and HTH cell lines were found to express only t...
The fatty acid composition of chylomicrons of chyle and serum following the ingestion of different oils

Chylomicrons were isolated from the thoracic duct chyle and from the blood serum of rats, and from the serum of human subjects following the ingestion of different natural oils. The fatty acid composition of the chylomicrons was compared with that of the dietary fat by gas chromatography and was found to be very similar.
Reassessing Technological Backwardness: Absolving The “Silly Little Bobtailed” Coal Car

Rarely are judgements of entrepreneurial failure and technological backwardness rendered as harshly as when they are rendered upon Britain in the early 1900s. 1 The use of old technologies in manufacturing and transportation are claimed to have locked Britain onto a lower growth path than would have followed if new technologies had been used instead. Technological backwardness, it has been said, was a shackle and Britain lagged behind because of it. 2 Thorstein Veblen made this argument and marshalled a specific example: “silly little bobtailed carriages [railway wagons].” 3 In my dissertation I argue that the small coal wagons were not technologically backward, as Veblen and others since have claimed.
Kinematics of swimming in two species of Idotea (Isopoda: Valvifera)

Individuals of Idotea resecata and I. wosnesenskii were videotaped at 200 frames s−1. while swimming freely. Propulsion is provided by the first three pairs of abdominal appendages (pleopods), which may also function as gills. Unlike typical crustacean metachronal beating, in Idotea all three pairs of propulsive pleopods begin their recovery strokes simultaneously. Each pair then carries out its power stroke in sequence: third pleopods have a short power stroke, then second pleopods have an intermediate power stroke, finally first pleopods have a long power stroke. After these power strokes, there is a pause before the next recovery stroke begins. The duration of the power stroke of any pair of pleopods, as well as the overlap with other pleopods9 power stroke, is variable and is not directly related to swimming speed. Stroke amplitude is approximately constant, but stroke frequency is significantly correlated with swimming speed. Other stroke variables which could affect swimming speed are also loosely correlated with frequency, but it appears that frequency is the most important determinant of swimming speed. The unusual stroke pattern in Idotea may be related to the respiratory function of the pleopods.
Cloning, Expression and Regulation of Angiotensin II Receptors

Complementary DNAs for angiotensin II type 1 receptor isoforms AT1A and AT1B were cloned by expression cloning from bovine adrenal and rat vascular smooth muscles. Human AT, receptor was also cloned. Seven transmembrane structures emerged. The AT1 type receptor interacted with more than one type of G-proteins. The ligand binding site of AT1 involving Arg167, Lys199, and Asp263 has been identified by site directed mutagenesis. The regulation of the receptors occur at many stages. The isoform, AT2, was also expression cloned from rat pheochromocytoma cells. Although its ligand binding is not affected by stable GTP analogs, it is a seven transmembrane domain receptor. It mediates the modulations of phosphotyrosine phosphatase by angiotensin II and AT2 specific CGP42112A. The modulation was abolished by pertussis toxin. Thus, AT2 belongs to a new class of angiotensin receptors with unique signalling and regulatory mechanisms. AT1 mediates cellular growth. Interestingly, AT2 expression is inversely related to the mitogenic activity of cells.
Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria

Glutamate is the only amino acid extracted by healthy myocardium in net amounts, with uptake further increased during hypoxic or ischemic conditions. Glutamate supplementation provides cardioprotection from hypoxic and reperfusion injury through several metabolic pathways that depend upon adequate transport of glutamate into the mitochondria. Glutamate transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane is a key component of the malate/aspartate shuttle. Glutamate transport in the brain has been well characterized since the discovery of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family. We hypothesize that a protein similar to EAAT1 found in brain may function as a glutamate transporter in cardiac mitochondria. Rat heart total RNA was screened by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with an array of primer pairs derived from the rat brain EAAT1 cDNA sequence, yielding a 3786-bp cDNA comprising a 1638-bp open reading frame identical to rat brain EAAT1 with flanking 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. Northern blot analysis confirmed a 4-kb mRNA product in rat heart and brain, with greater abundance in brain. A protein of the predicted approximate 60-kD size was recognized in myocardial lysates by an anti-EAAT1 polyclonal antibody produced against an amino-terminal peptide from human EAAT1. The protein enriched in rat heart mitochondria by immunoblot, co-localized with the mitochondrial protein cytochrome c by immunohistochemistry, and further localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane upon digitonin fractionation of the mitochondria. In myocytes overexpressing EAAT1, activity of the malate/aspartate shuttle increased by 33% compared to non-transfected cells (P = 0.004). These data indicate that EAAT1 is expressed in myocardial mitochondria, and functions in the malate/aspartate shuttle, suggesting a role for EAAT1 in myocardial glutamate metabolism.
Ni-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 anode for GDC electrolyte-based low-temperature SOFCs

Four types of anodes have been prepared on Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) electrolyte pellets with two kinds of NiO and GDC powders to investigate the effect of microstructure on electrochemical performance of Ni-GDC composite anodes. The anode/electrolyte interfacial polarization resistances are characterized using impedance spectroscopy under open circuit conditions. The results show that the cell performance depends strongly on the anode microstructure, which in turn is determined by the anode compositions and fabrication conditions. By carefully adjusting the anode microstructure, the GDC electrolyte/anode interfacial polarization resistances have been dramatically reduced. For example, the interfacial resistance at 600 °C was decreased from 1.61 Ω cm2 for the anodes prepared using commercially available powders to 0.06 Ω cm2 for those prepared using powders derived from a glycine–nitrate process.
Time dependent finite element formulation of hygrothermal elasticity problems

The geometry and/or boundary conditions for many practical problems of interest may not possess the type of symmetries discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. For the majority of cases, the coupled diffusion equations (2.11) are not amenable to analytical solutions. The numerical technique of finite element has gained wide acceptance in engineering application and will be adopted to solve the system of time dependent equations that govern the coupled phenomenon of heat and moisture diffusion * [1], Approximations made in discretizing the continuum by a finite number of elements is not always clear because the numerical procedure does lead to local violation of conditions in the analytical theory. The selection of element shape and grid pattern leaves much choice to experience and foresight of the analyst. Accuracy of solution must therefore be carefully checked against problems with known results, preferably with similar geometries and boundary conditions. The presence of sharp corners or discontinuities should be treated with the utmost care as they give rise to high stress elevation within a small distance.
Discretionary Debt Decisions: Consumer Willingness to Borrow for Experiences and Material Goods

Previous work suggests consumers consider a purchase’s longevity (i.e., how long purchases last) when making debt decisions. This work shows that consumers prefer using debt to pay for longer-lasting purchases so that they continue to receive benefits from the purchase as they pay for it. The current research finds an opposite pattern. Consumers are more willing to borrow for experiences than for material goods, even though experiences do not last as long. Since consumers typically borrow when current funds are unavailable, deciding not to borrow results in foregoing the purchase in the present. Given this consequence, we suggest that purchase-timing importance is a stronger driver than the purchase’s longevity in most borrowing decisions. Using archival data and seven studies, we show that consumers are more willing to borrow for experiences than for material goods. This effect is explained by greater purchase-timing importance for experiences rather than other differences between experiences and material goods. We reconcile the apparent contradiction between the predictions in the previous and current research by examining the relative impact of purchase-timing importance and purchase longevity in different borrowing contexts.
3D avalanche multiplication in Si-Ge lateral avalanche photodiodes

Si-Ge lateral avalanche photodiodes (Si-Ge LAPDs) are promising devices for single photon detection, but they also have technology challenges. Si-Ge LAPDs are CMOS compatible and capable of detecting photons near the 1550 nm telecommunications bands. However, the Si-Ge LAPD exhibits a unique avalanche multiplication process in silicon, where the electrons and holes follow curved paths in three-dimensional space. Traditional models for the analysis of the avalanche multiplication process assume one-dimensional paths for the carriers that undergo the chains of impact ionizations; therefore, they are not suitable for analyzing the avalanche properties of Si-Ge LAPDs. In this paper, the statistics of the avalanche process in the Si-Ge LAPD are modeled analytically using a method that was recently developed by our group for understanding the avalanche multiplication in nanopillar, core-shell GaAs avalanche photodiodes, for which the electric field is non-uniform in magnitude and direction. Specifically, the calculated mean avalanche gain and the excess noise are presented for the Si-Ge LAPD device. It is also shown that the avalanche characteristics depend upon the specific avalanche path taken by the carrier, which depends, in turn, on the lateral location where each photon is absorbed in the Ge absorber. This property can be exploited to achieve reduced excess noise as well as wavelength-sensitive single-photon detection.
Mini-Ti: a new vector strategy for plant genetic engineering

Agrobacterium tumefaciens has the natural ability to insert a specific part of its Ti (tumor–inducing) plasmid, called T–DNA, into the chromosomal DNA of host plant cells, causing tumorous growth. Foreign DNA artificially introduced into T–DNA is inserted into the plant genome by this natural vector system. Genes on the Ti plasmid required for T–DNA transfer, called VIR (virulence) genes, are situated outside T–DNA. We have separated T–DNA from the VIR functions onto a MINI–Ti plasmid that replicates in E. coli and contains full–length T–DNA (including the 25 basepair border signals) from pTi T37, a nopaline–type Ti plasmid. We present evidence that MINI–Ti, when transferred to Agrobacterium by cointegration with a shuttle vector, in the presence of helper plasmid pAL4404 containing VIR genes, can incite nopaline positive tumors, evidence of T–DNA transfer. It is not clear whether MINI–Ti functions in trans to the VIR genes, or whether spontaneous cointegration of pAL4404 with MINI–Ti/pRK (the shuttle form of MINI–Ti) accounts for the tumor–inducing ability of the bacteria. The MINI–Ti approach simplifies procedures for exploiting T–DNA as a gene vector for plants.
Effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on follicle recruitment and pregnancy rate in cattle.

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether a GnRH agonist eliminated a potentially persistent first-wave dominant follicle (PDF) and recruited a new dominant follicle with improved fertility upon ovulation. In Exp. 1, five nonlactating Holstein cows were treated on d 7 (d 0 = estrus) with a norgestomet implant and PGF2 alpha (25 mg); a GnRH agonist was injected on d 9. On d 16, the norgestomet implant was removed and PGF2 alpha was injected. The corpus luteum (CL) regressed (5/5 cows), and plasma progesterone (P4) decreased (P PDF = 43.4% (P < .05). In summary, fertility after ovulation of a persistent first-wave dominant follicle is reduced, whereas induction of a new dominant follicle following injection of a GnRH agonist results in greater fertility.
A 502-Base Free-Solution Electrophoretic DNA Sequencing Method Using End-Attached Wormlike Micelles.

We demonstrate that the use of wormlike nonionic micelles as drag-tags in end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis (“micelle-ELFSE”) provides single-base resolution of Sanger sequencing products up to 502 bases in length, a nearly 2-fold improvement over reported ELFSE separations. “CiEj” running buffers containing 48 mM C12E5, 6 mM C10E5, and 3 M urea (32.5 °C) form wormlike micelles that provide a drag equivalent to an uncharged DNA fragment with a length (α) of 509 bases (effective Rh = 27 nm). Runtime in a 40 cm capillary (30 kV) was 35 min for elution of all products down to the 26-base primer. We also show that smaller Triton X-100 micelles give a read length of 103 bases in a 4 min run, so that a combined analysis of the Sanger products using the two buffers in separate capillaries could be completed in 14 min for the full range of lengths. A van Deemter analysis shows that resolution is limited by diffusion-based peak broadening and wall adsorption. Effects of drag-tag polydispersity are not obse...
Bone: Increased fracture risk with HIV infection—a growing concern

HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy have long been associated with an increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. This predisposition has now been shown to result in a significantly increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in the HIV-infected population even after controlling for known risk factors.
Considerations in Reference Values for Nerve Conduction Studies

Despite the universal application of reference values, understanding their production and underlying limitations is often overlooked. Without a deeper consideration for this issue, opportunities for treatment may be missed or misdiagnosis may occur. This article reviews relevant biostatistical issues in the generation of reference intervals and subsequent errors that may occur. Further discussion includes recommendations on how to correct statistical errors, as well as more recent methods for distinguishing between "healthy" and "diseased."
Grammatical and pragmatic factors in the interpretation of Japanese null and overt pronouns

Pronoun interpretation in English has been demonstrated to be sensitive to an interaction between grammatical and pragmatically-driven factors. This study investigated the interpretation of pronouns in Japanese, which has both null and overt forms. Thirty-two native speakers of Japanese per experiment participated in passage completion studies with transfer-of-possession contexts (Experiment 1) or implicit causality contexts (Experiment 2), varying prompt type, aspect, and topic/nominative-marking of the previous subject. Two judges annotated reference and coherence relations in the completed passages. Japanese overt pronouns were revealed to pattern closely with English overt pronouns in their sensitivity to pragmatic factors, whereas null pronouns showed a mixed resilience to pragmatic factors. Topic-marking only showed marginal effects on reference in limited contexts. Despite different degrees of sensitivity to pragmatic factors, Japanese null and overt pronouns were both mostly subject-biased, casting doubt on the existence of a division of labor between the two forms. There was also an intrinsic link between reference and coherence relations throughout the experiments. We discuss the overall results in terms of language-specificity and universality, the latter of which includes interactions between grammatical and pragmatic factors and the importance of discourse coherence in the interpretation of various pronouns across languages.
Political Expression on Social Media: The Role of Communication Competence and Expected Outcomes:

The use of social media sites for political expression has added a new layer to the study of political discussion. In this type of user-generated content applications, interpersonal and mass-mediat...
Other Factors that Impact Identity

This chapter examines factors such as veteran and military status, educational attainment, and serious avocational pursuits. It presents the idea that there are aspects of identity that might not be obvious in relation to career development, but that do impact career development. The chapter includes information about military and veterans and career development. It includes information about education, including the decision to return to school for additional college education.
Illuminating Everyday Performances of Privilege and Oppression.

ABSTRACTCourses: Intercultural Communication, Interracial Communication, Gender and Communication, Introduction to Communication Course (within a unit on culture), and any courses encouraging critical analyses of power.Objectives: This activity will: illuminate the ways in which everyday performances of privilege and resulting oppressions connect with symbolic, individual, and institutional ideologies and actions; identify the ways in which individuals who are marginalized and oppressed may internalize and/or resist dominant ideologies and actions through such performances of privilege; recognize how individual biographies play into our everyday communication and performances with/of power; encourage intersectional analyses of identity, context, and performances of/with power; and develop communication tools for disrupting and speaking back to oppressive performances of privilege.
Variation of Retirement Income from 401(k) Plan Sponsors’ Target-Date Fund Choices?

This article examines how the variability of target-date fund (TDF) participants’ retirement income resulting from plan sponsors’ TDF choices can be reduced by a qualified automatic contribution arrangement (QACA) that reflects plan demographics. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the article finds that a QACA where a maximum employee contribution rate is based on plan demographics can not only increase participant retirement income (measured as a success rate or probability of achieving a target replacement rate), but also reduce its variability.
Multidimensionality of the Langner Symptom Survey and Replication of a Cutoff Score in Emerging Adults.

This study investigated the dimensionality of the Langner Symptom Survey and replicated a recent finding regarding a clinically validated cutoff score in emerging adults. Nine hundred thirteen (631...
For Honor and Alma Mater: Perspectives on Coeducation at Cornell University, 1868–1885:

When Cornell University first officially welcomed women students in 1872, its patriarchs placed great emphasis on provision of equal opportunity for female and male students. After twelve years of ...
Reception Claims in Supernatural Horror in Literature and the Course of Weird Fiction

In Supernatural Horror in Literature, H. P. Lovecraft identifies weird fiction as a rarified form of supernatural horror, characterized by atmospheric effect and violation of natural laws. He correlates reader receptiveness to these elements with heightened sensitivity to the best fiction published in pulp horror magazines. Lovecraft’s views on the reception of weird fiction persisted for decades after his death, propagated by many authors, critics, editors, and publishers. Developments from the 1980s onward, including the hybridization and evolution of weird fiction, have led to a weakening consensus. Even as Lovecraft’s claims seem to weaken, however, ongoing debates about the character of weird fiction are reanimating them, with some writers celebrating the form’s specialness, even as other developments have devalued weird fiction as a meaningful label.
Leto: verifying application-specific hardware fault tolerance with programmable execution models

Researchers have recently designed a number of application-specific fault tolerance mechanisms that enable applications to either be naturally resilient to errors or include additional detection and correction steps that can bring the overall execution of an application back into an envelope for which an acceptable execution is eventually guaranteed. A major challenge to building an application that leverages these mechanisms, however, is to verify that the implementation satisfies the basic invariants that these mechanisms require---given a model of how faults may manifest during the application's execution. To this end we present Leto, an SMT-based automatic verification system that enables developers to verify their applications with respect to an execution model specification. Namely, Leto enables software and platform developers to programmatically specify the execution semantics of the underlying hardware system as well as verify assertions about the behavior of the application's resulting execution. In this paper, we present the Leto programming language and its corresponding verification system. We also demonstrate Leto on several applications that leverage application-specific fault tolerance
Breaking the Limits of Subspace Inference

Inferring low-dimensional subspaces that describe high-dimensional, highly incomplete datasets has become a routinely procedure in modern data science. This paper is about a curious phenomenon related to the amount of information required to estimate a subspace. On one hand, it has been shown that information-theoretically, data in $\mathbb {R}^{\mathrm {d}}$ must be observed on at least $\ell =\mathrm {r}+1$ coordinates to uniquely identify an r-dimensional subspace that approximates it. On the other hand, it is well- known that the subspace containing a dataset can be estimated through its sample covariance matrix, which only requires observing 2 coordinates per datapoint (regardless of $\mathrm {r}!$). At first glance, this may seem to contradict the information-theoretic bound. The key lies in the subtle difference between identifiability (uniqueness) and estimation (most probable). It is true that if we only observed $\ell \leq \mathrm {r}$ coordinates per datapoint, there will be infinitely many r-dimensional subspaces that perfectly agree with the observations. However, some subspaces may be more likely than others, which are revealed by the sample covariance. This raises several fundamental questions: what are the algebraic relationships hidden in 2 coordinates that allow estimating an r-dimensional subspace? Moreover, are $\ell = 2$ coordinates per datapoint necessary for estimation, or is it possible with only $\ell =1$? In this paper we show that under certain assumptions, it is possible to estimate some subspaces up to finite choice with as few as $\ell =1$ entry per column. This paper raises the question of whether there exist other subspace estimation methods that allow $\ell \leq \mathrm {r}$ coordinates per datapoint, and that are more efficient than the sample covariance, which converges slowly in the number of data points n.
Deposition studies of aerosol delivery by nasal cannula to infants.

Aim Nasal cannulas are used to provide oxygen support for infants and have been considered as a means for delivering aerosols to the lungs. To measure mucociliary clearance in the lungs of infants with congenital heart defects, we delivered radiopharmaceutical aerosols via a nasal cannula. Here we report on the pulmonary and nasal deposition of these aerosols. Method A total of 18 infants (median age = 26 days; quartiles = 11-74 days) performed clearance measurements soon before or after corrective cardiac surgery. The regional aerosol deposition was assessed using gamma camera imaging. Results Cannula flow rate significantly affected pulmonary dosing. Flow rates useful for oxygen support were associated with low pulmonary deposition (2 L/min; mean, 4.5% of deposited dose; range, 2%-9%; n = 7) and high nasal deposition. Much lower cannula flow rates increased the pulmonary deposition (0.2 L/min; mean, 33.5% of deposited dose; range, 15%-51%; n = 5; P = 0.005 vs 2 L/min). The ratio of nose/lung dosing was approximately 26:1 at 2 L/min and 2:1 at 0.2 L/min. Bench studies demonstrated cannula output rates of 10.2 ± 1.7% (2 L/min) and 3.3 ± 0.4% (0.2 L/min) of the loaded nebulizer dose during a 2-minute delivery. Combining in vitro and in vivo results, we estimate that 0.46% of the loaded nebulizer dose reaches the lungs at 2 L/min vs 1.10% at 0.2 L/min during a 2-minute delivery. Conclusion With the delivery system used here, pulmonary aerosol delivery via nasal cannula was very inefficient at the flow rates required to provide oxygen support. Even at low flows, nasal deposition was substantial and local toxicity must be considered.
Self-Development, Social Support, and Student Help-Seeking: Research Summary and Implications for College Psychotherapists.

Abstract College psychotherapists and student development professionals need to better understand which students utilize available supports on campus, when positive outcomes are due to intervention effects versus participant self-selection, and whether supportive experiences have different effects depending on developmental differences among participants. This article reports on an ongoing research program investigating interventions for a diverse range of college clientele, including: first-year experience classes, peer mentoring for African Americans at predominantly White institutions, mandated counseling for at-risk financial aid students, adult distance learners, and women counseling clients with eating disorders. Findings from the ongoing research suggest three tentative themes: (1) support services tend to be most utilized by developmentally low-risk students; (2) participants tend to prefer programs providing high social support, versus self-directed, less engaging interventions; and (3) regarding...
Evaluation of technologies approved for supplemental payments in the United States.

Supplemental payment programmes can increase access to new technologies, but Timothy Judson and colleagues find that some payments are made without clear evidence of safety and effectiveness
A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Routine Gastric Residual Evaluation on Enteral Intake in Premature VLBW Infants

Background: The routine evaluation of gastric residuals (GR) is considered standard care for premature very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in most neonatal intensive care units. The presence of a large GR is commonly used as an indicator of feeding intolerance and/or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and is the most common reason for enteral feeding interruptions. No randomized controlled trial has investigated the clinical benefit of …
Influence of A-Site cation size-disorder on the magnetocaloric response of La0.6CaxSr0.4-xMnO3 nanoparticles

Building on previous work finding a significant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in manganite nanoparticles having the formula La0.60Cax Sr0.40-xMnO3 (0<x<0.4), which show promise for application in magnetic refrigeration systems. These were synthesized via a Pechini sol-gel method, as verified by powder x-ray diffraction and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The temperature-dependence of the magnetic entropy change between 200K and 320K in a magnetic field of μH=3T was evaluated by means of Maxwell’s relations and isothermal MH curves. The reported values of ΔSmax increase from 1.5 J kg-1K-1 to 5.6 J kg-1K-1 as x increases from 0 to 0.4. Ms; crystallite size and b and c lattice parameters increase with x. The results show a clear positive correlation between calcium concentrations and the value of -ΔS, suggesting that a larger atom at the calcium site negatively impacts the magnetocaloric effect, thereby decreasing magnetic refrigeration viability.
Improving attitudes toward poverty among DNP students: Implementing a Community Action Poverty Simulation©.

ABSTRACT Poverty has detrimental effects on health outcomes. Doctorally prepared nurse practitioners are in a position to promote health for patients and communities experiencing poverty. To do so, they must be aware of their own attitudes and to have empathy toward the condition of poverty. Specialized poverty simulations have been successfully used to improve attitudes toward poverty among prelicensure nursing students, but there is a paucity of evidence exploring the effects of poverty simulations among Students in a Doctor of Nurse Practice (DNP) program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a poverty simulation for students enrolled in a DNP program on their attitudes toward poverty. A quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test survey design was used in this curriculum improvement project. A total of 29 DNP students participated in a 1-time, 4-hour Community Action Poverty Simulation© (CAPS). The simulations presented various challenges faced during 1 month of living in poverty. The Attitudes toward Poverty Scale-Short Form (ATPS-SF) was used to measure attitudes toward poverty both before and after the CAPS© experience. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to describe the participant group and measure the impact of the simulation on attitudes toward poverty. Attitudes toward poverty improved overall on all dimensions of the ATPS-SF after the CAPS© experience as compared to the pre-test, with particular improvement regarding stigmas related to poverty. Statistically significant improvements were detected on four items, and the overall favorable shift in attitudes presents clinically significant results. This poverty simulation experience should be considered for adoption into DNP curricula.
Reality check: Helping students recognize, evaluate, and pursue realistic entry-level jobs in business

Abstract The purpose of this experiential exercise is to help undergraduate business students grow as future professionals by learning about, researching, and practicing pursuing realistic entry-level jobs in business. This type of job researching and evaluating exercise is extremely valuable for the professional growth of students in that it helps set realistic and attainable goals before graduation, and in addition, provides clear direction on what kinds of educational backgrounds, work experiences, professional qualifications, and personal intangibles are needed to obtain positions in areas of management. This exercise is intended to be conducted ideally within a face-to-face classroom environment and is designed for undergraduate students in their second or third academic year in a business principles type course. This exercise can also relate well to a “Human Resource Management” course or “Professional Development Seminar”.
Unprecedented: the toxic synergism of Covid-19 and climate change.

Purpose of review To review and compare the constellations of causes and consequences of the two current pandemics, Covid-19 and climate change. Recent findings There has been a transient counterbalancing, in which the response to Covid-19 has briefly mitigated pollution and greenhouse gasses. This divergence belies multiple commonalities of cause and effect. Summary The convergence of these two pandemics is unprecedented. Although at first glance, they appear to be completely unrelated, they share striking commonalities. Both are caused by human behaviors, and some of those behaviors contribute to both pandemics at the same time. Both illustrate the fact that isolation is not an option; these are global issues that inescapably affect all persons and all nations. Both incur prodigious current and anticipated costs. Both have similar societal impacts, and disproportionately harm those with lesser resources, widening the gap between the 'haves and the have-nots.' One can only hope that the devastation caused by these unprecedented pandemics will lead to increased awareness of how human beings have helped to create them and how our responses can and will shape our future.
Sterile inflammation in the pathogenesis of maturation failure of arteriovenous fistula

Chronic kidney disease is a widespread terminal illness that afflicts millions of people across the world. Hemodialysis is the predominant therapeutic management strategy for kidney failure and involves the external filtration of metabolic waste within the circulation. This process requires an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for vascular access. However, AVF maturation failures are significant obstacles in establishing long-term vascular access for hemodialysis. Appropriate stimulation, activation, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, proper endothelial cell orientation, adequate structural changes in the ECM, and the release of anti-inflammatory markers are associated with maturation. AVFs often fail to mature due to inadequate tissue repair and remodeling, leading to neointimal hyperplasia lesions. The transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts and sterile inflammation are possibly involved in AVF maturation failures; however, limited data is available in this regard. The present article critically reviews the interplay of various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and the downstream sterile inflammatory signaling with a focus on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Improved knowledge concerning AVF maturation pathways can be unveiled by investigating the novel DAMPs and the mediators of sterile inflammation in vascular remodeling that would open improved therapeutic opportunities in the management of AVF maturation failures and its associated complications.