cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatectomy enables prolonged survival in select patients with isolated noncolorectal liver metastasis.

Objective This study was done to determine the benefit of undergoing liver resection for noncolorectal metastasis. Methods A single-institution retrospective review of all patients (n = 95) who underwent hepatic resection for a noncolorectal liver metastasis from 1990 to 2005 was performed. Primary outcomes measure was months of patient survival after liver resection. Results Median patient age was 58 years (range 19 to 83 years). There were 37 men (38.9%) and 58 women (61.1%). The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 2.1%, and postoperative complications developed in 15.8% of patients. Mean hospital stay was 7 days (range 4 to 25 days). Median time of survival from date of liver resection was 36 months, and 5-year survival rate was 34.9%. Primary tumor sites were identified as foregut or gastrointestinal in 16.8% and nongastrointestinal in 83.2%. Patients with a nonforegut primary tumor had a median survival time twice as long as those with foregut primaries (49 months versus 20 months, p Conclusions In select patients with any of a variety of malignancies metastatic to the liver, prolonged survival can result from liver resection, especially in those with a single, resectable tumor from a nongastrointestinal primary site.
An evaluation of fine particle wet scrubbers

A study was undertaken to reduce emissions from a calciner stack. Tests were conducted to characterize the particle size distribution, effluent loading, and chemical composition. Several methods for reducing emissions were evaluated. The source of the effluent was found to be due to some combination of: excessive mist carryover from a spraytower, flashing of high solids concentration quench liquid, poor flow patterns, a large quantity of fine particles, condensation of metal vapors, or gas phase reaction which formed fine particles. A series of studies were conducted to improve the operation of the spray tower. As only limited success was achieved with these methods several other control devices were evaluated. This article discusses (1) the methodology used to evaluate the cause of the effluent problem, (2) the principles followed in obtaining a representative slipstream, and (3) the performance of the three devices tested, along with parameters which affect performance.
MIXED CONVECTION FROM A BOTTOM HEATED OPEN CAVITY IN A HORIZONTAL CHANNEL

Heat transfer results for mixed convection from a bottom heated open cavity subject to an external flow are reported in this paper. In addition to heat transfer, effects of the Reynolds number, Grashof number and cavity aspect ratio on the flow stability are investigated. It has been found that the Reynolds number and Grashof number control the flow pattern and the occurrence of recirculating cells while the aspect ratio has a significant influence on the orientation of these cells. The heat transfer rate from the cavity base approaches that of natural convection at a low Reynolds number (asymptotic natural convection regime) and approaches that of forced convection at a high Reynolds number (asymptotic forced convection regime). In the transition regime, the heat transfer rate is reduced and the flow may become unstable. In addition, the heat transfer rate per unit cavity width has been found to be dependent on the aspect ratio.
Work in Progress: A Synergistic Undergraduate Research Model Leveraging Capstone-Style Projects and Grid Computing

In this paper we present a novel method we have initiated to develop an undergraduate research culture that (i) fosters broader participation of classes, (ii) induces organic discovery of ideas, (iii) enables active contributions to one or more emerging research areas, (iv) exploits creative skills as well as the intellectual abilities (v) encourages debates and presentations about research in organized forums, and finally (iv) takes advantage of capstone-style research courses. The framework we define is born out of the experience we gained from our efforts in the adaptation of grid computing and curriculum development. We leverage the knowledge base and rich pedagogy that we have built as a part of this exploratory CCLI grant (Ramamurthy, B, 2006; Ramamurthy and Abhaynakar, 2006). We call this initiative The Comprehensive Undergraduate Research Environment (CURE). We expect CURE to offer an effective framework for involving undergraduates in research
Data Nuggets: Bringing Real Data into the Classroom to Unearth Students' Quantitative & Inquiry Skills.

Abstract Current educational reform calls for increased integration between science and mathematics to overcome the shortcomings in students' quantitative skills. Data Nuggets (free online resource, http://datanuggets.org) are worksheets that bring data into the classroom, repeatedly guiding students through the scientific method and making claims based on quantitative evidence. Created around recent and ongoing research, Data Nuggets provide background to a scientist and their study system, along with a real data set from their research. We demonstrate the use of Data Nuggets in the classroom and share a lesson that challenges students to answer a scientific question, use a data set to support their claim, and guides them through the construction of graphs to facilitate data interpretation. Data Nuggets can be used across K—16 grades and multiple times throughout the school year as students build their quantitative skills.
Comparison of Nitrogen Core and Ethylenediamine Core Starburst Dendrimers through Photochemical and Spectroscopic Probes

The surface properties of ammonia core and ethylenediamine core poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimers (N−SBD and EDA−SBD, respectively) were comparatively investigated, by employing photochemical and spectroscopic probes. Photoinduced electron-transfer quenching of tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride by methyl viologen on the SBD, monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy, was utilized to probe the negatively charged dendrimer surface. Electron-transfer quenching was found to be enhanced when the donor and acceptor are adsorbed on later generation dendrimers. Adsorption and aggregation of organic dyes, such as methylene blue and fluorescein, on negatively and positively charged dendrimers, respectively, were studied by applying UV−vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The aggregation of the dyes depended strongly on the SBD generation. For the later generation SBDs, aggregation was found to occur more readily. Both photochemical and probe techniques allowed nearly identical conclusions for the external s...
The Metagenome of an Anaerobic Microbial Community Decomposing Poplar Wood Chips

This study describes the composition and metabolic potential of a lignocellulosic biomass degrading community that decays poplar wood chips under anaerobic conditions. We examined the community that developed on poplar biomass in a non-aerated bioreactor over the course of a year, with no microbial inoculation other than the naturally occurring organisms on the woody material. The composition of this community contrasts in important ways with biomass-degrading communities associated with higher organisms, which have evolved over millions of years into a symbiotic relationship. Both mammalian and insect hosts provide partial size reduction, chemical treatments (low or high pH environments), and complex enzymatic 'secretomes' that improve microbial access to cell wall polymers. We hypothesized that in order to efficiently degrade coarse untreated biomass, a spontaneously assembled free-living community must both employ alternative strategies, such as enzymatic lignin depolymerization, for accessing hemicellulose and cellulose and have a much broader metabolic potential than host-associated communities. This would suggest that such a community would make a valuable resource for finding new catalytic functions involved in biomass decomposition and gaining new insight into the poorly understood process of anaerobic lignin depolymerization. Therefore, in addition to determining the major players in this community, our work specifically aimed at identifying functions potentially involved in the depolymerization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, and to assign specific roles to the prevalent community members in the collaborative process of biomass decomposition. A bacterium similar to Magnetospirillum was identified among the dominant community members, which could play a key role in the anaerobic breakdown of aromatic compounds. We suggest that these compounds are released from the lignin fraction in poplar hardwood during the decay process, which would point to lignin-modification or depolymerization under anaerobic conditions.
The use of an adaptive threshold element to design a linear optimal pattern classifier

This paper develops a relationship between two traditional statistical methods of pattern classifier design, and an adaption technique involving minimization of the mean-square error in the output of a linear threshold device. It is shown that the two-category classifier derived by least-mean-square-error adaption using an equal number of sample patterns from each category is equivalent to the optimal statistical classifier if the patterns are multivariate Gaussian random variables having the same covariance matrix for both pattern categories. It is also shown that the classifier is always equivalent to the classifier derived by R. A. Fisher. A simple modification of the least-mean-square-error adaption procedure enables the adaptive structure to converge to a nearly-optimal classifier, even though the numbers of sample patterns are not equal for the two categories. The use of minimization of mean-square error as a technique for designing classifiers has the added advantage that it leads to the optimal classifier for patterns even when the covariance matrix is singular.
Drug Use in the Twittersphere: A Qualitative Contextual Analysis of Tweets About Prescription Drugs

Tweets about prescription opioid use may reveal insights into the prescription drug epidemic. We qualitatively assessed 2,100 tweets about prescription opioids utilizing a Twitter Archiving Google Spreadsheet® and determined whether the tweet represented: abuse (i.e., use to get high), not abuse (i.e., use as analgesic), or was not characterizable (e.g., "I need a Percocet") and whether the connotation was positive (i.e. promote psychoactive or analgesic use), negative (i.e., adverse event), or not characterizable. Abuse was commonly described and the majority of terms (>66%) represented a positive connotation. Twitter can be a resource to observe trends in perceptions about prescription opioid use.
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillimen for European corn borer control: program for immediate and season-long suppression.

Combinations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspecies kurstaki and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillimen formulated on granules were applied separately and in combination to field corn to suppress larval populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Research was conducted in 2 separate years. Laboratory-reared O. nubilalis eggs or larvae were placed on the plant during either the whorl stage (V6) or the pollen-shedding stage (R1) to simulate first- and second-generation O. nubilalis oviposition periods, respectively. Efficacy was determined by measuring the length of European corn borer tunnels in the corn stalk at harvest time. In the 1st year, first generation, and second generation (of 2nd year) B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana alone and in combination caused significant reductions in tunneling compared with that in the check populations. There were no significant differences in tunneling between any treatments in the second-generation study of year 1. Bacillus thuringiensis and B. bassiana were independent of each other in their suppression of insects. Tunneling by the naturally occurring second-generation larvae (year 2) was recorded to determine if B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana applied in the V6 stage persisted in the plant. Pith samples were excised from nodal plates 7–10 of the corn stalk to determine the incidence of B. bassiana. There was a significant correlation (r = −0.376) (P≤0.05) between the occurrence of B. bassiana in the corn plant and tunneling by second-generation larvae. These data indicate that B. bassiana placed in the whorl of the corn plant may provide season-long suppression of O. nubilalis.
Comparability of methods for LDL subfraction determination: A systematic review☆

Identifying and aggressively treating individuals at elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is critical to optimizing health outcomes. The CVD risk factors defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program do not fully predict individuals at high risk of developing CVD. Validation of potential methodologies against a reference method is essential to the adoption of a potential new risk factor to improve risk prediction. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction has been advanced as a potential additional CVD risk factor. Currently, there is no reference method for determining LDL subfractions or standardizing the different methods used to measure LDL subfractions. We conducted a systematic review to identify reports comparing two or more methods of measuring LDL subfractions. Nine articles were identified that separated and quantified LDL subfractions by at least two methods. Comparative data were available for nuclear magnetic resonance vs. gel electrophoresis (GE), LipoPrint vs. other GE methods, ultracentrifugation vs. GE, and high performance gel filtration chromatography vs. GE. We found a wide range of agreement (from 7 to 94% concordance for classifying LDL patterns) among methods for LDL subfraction determinations. Different criteria and definitions were used among the articles to classify individuals with respect to CVD risk. No study used CVD or other clinical outcomes as an outcome measure. In summary, the currently available literature does not provide adequate data about comparability in terms of test performance to choose one or another method to serve as a standard nor are data on comparability in terms of predicting CVD outcomes.
Multiphase EXOR frequency mixers

Digital frequency mixing using EXOR gates requires minimal design effort and circuitry, and it can be easily included in any standard-CMOS integrated circuit. It suffers, however, from an output spectrum highly populated by strong spurious products. This work introduces the concept of multi-phase EXOR mixing as an approach to reduce spurious content while maintaining design simplicity. Theory is supported by measurements using an FPGA implementation.
Bioinformatics comparison of sulfate-reducing metabolism nucleotide sequences

The sulfate-reducing bacteria can be traced back to 3.5 billion years ago. The thermodynamics details of the sulfur cycle have been well documented. A recent sulfate-reducing bacteria report (Robator, Jungbluth, et al , 2015 Jan, Front. Microbiol) with Genbank nucleotide data has been analyzed in terms of the sulfite reductase (dsrAB) via fractal dimension and entropy values. Comparison to oil field sulfate-reducing sequences was included. The AUCG translational mass fractal dimension versus ATCG transcriptional mass fractal dimension for the low temperature dsrB and dsrA sequences reported in Reference Thirteen shows correlation R-sq ~ 0.79 , with a probably of about 3% in simulation. A recent report of using Cystathionine gamma-lyase sequence to produce CdS quantum dot in a biological method, where the sulfur is reduced just like in the H2S production process, was included for comparison. The AUCG mass fractal dimension versus ATCG mass fractal dimension for the Cystathionine gamma-lyase sequences was found to have R-sq of 0.72, similar to the low temperature dissimilatory sulfite reductase dsr group with 3% probability, in contrary to the oil field group having R-sq ~ 0.94, a high probable outcome in the simulation. The other two simulation histograms, namely, fractal dimension versus entropy R-sq outcome values, and di-nucleotide entropy versus mono-nucleotide entropy R-sq outcome values are also discussed in the data analysis focusing on low probability outcomes.
Construct Damage and Loosening Around Glenoid Implants: A Longitudinal Micro-CT Study of Five Cadaver Specimens

The evolution of failure of bone and cement leading to loosening of glenoid components following shoulder arthroplasty is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify and visualize potential mechanisms of mechanical failure within cadavers, cemented with two types of components, and subject to cyclic loading. Five glenoid cadaver bones were implanted with either a three-pegged polyethylene component, or prototype posteriorly augmented component which addresses posterior bone loss. Specimens were loaded by constant glenohumeral compression combined with cyclic anterior-posterior displacement of the humeral head relative to the glenoid. At six time points across 100,000 cycles, implant loosening micromotions were optically measured, and specimens were imaged by micro-computed tomography. Scans were 3D registered and inspected for crack initiation and progression, and micro-CT based time-lapse movies were created. Cement cracking initiated at stress concentrations and progressed with additional cyclic loading. Failure planes within trabecular bone and the bone-cement interface were identified in four of the five specimens. Implant subsidence increased to greater than 1.0 mm in two specimens. Cemented glenoid structural failure can occur within the cement, along planes of trabecular bone, or at the bone cement interface. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1053-1060, 2016.
Quantitative and Qualitative Variation in the Secretion of Protein by the Porcine Uterus during the Estrous Cycle

The daily variation in protein content of porcine uterine flushings were studied on Days 2-18 and Day 20 of the estrous cycle. Average total protein per sample was relatively constant during the first 9 days of the estrous cycle, but began to increase on Day 10. Maximum total protein values were found on Day 15 after which the values decreased sharply to levels on Days 17,18,and 20 which weresimilartothoseobserved before Day 10 of the estrous cycle. Sephadex 0-200 gel filtration revealed three protein fractions (Fractions I-Ill) which were present throughout the estrous cycle and had estimated molecular weights of greater than 200,000, 200,000, and 90,000, respectively. Two additional protein fractions (Fractions IV and V) were not present either before Day 9 or after Day 16 of theestrouscycle.Fraction IV first appearedon Day 12and had an estimatedmol wt of 45,000. Fraction IV containeda lavenderproteinwhich gavetheuterineflushings obtainedbetweenDays 12and 16 of the estrouscyclea characteristic lavender color. Fraction V appeared as early as Day 9 and had an estimatedmol wt of20,000.Thisstudyindicatedthattheproteinmilieuofuterinesecretions changes quantitatively and qualitatively during the estrous cycle.
Porosity Estimation From Seismic Data At Dickman Field, Kansas For Carbon Sequestration

We present results from seismic inversion study of a 3D pre-stack seismic data volume collected over a carbonate brine reservoir in the Dickman Field, Kansas. This reservoir is a candidate for CO2 storage and therefore, the purpose of this study is to use seismic data to quantitatively estimate some reservoir parameters (porosity, permeability) of this formation. Our analyses include extensive pre-stack velocity analysis, pre-stack inversion and mapping of inversion results to porosity. Seismic inversion results together with several other attributes derived from seismic data were used in a multi-attribute linear regression to estimate an effective porosity volume. The porosity is one of the most crucial parameters in assessing different possible scenarios for injecting CO2 within this reservoir. Our results will be incorporated in a reservoir simulator to investigate different ‘what if’ time-lapse scenarios.
R-Curve Behavior of Silicon Nitride Ceramics under a Cyclic Loading Condition at Elevated Temperature

Static fatigue, cyclic fatigue and constant stress rate tests were carried out at 1200°C in nitrogen atmosphere for toughened silicon nitride exhibiting a significant rising R-curve. The R-curves both in static and cyclic loading conditions were determined with measuring crack advance and fracture strength, in order to evaluate cyclic loading effects. The KR value under a static loading condition increases as a crack advances and it reaches 12.5MPa⋅m1/2 at the crack advance greater than 1.5mm. On the contrary, the KR value under cyclic loads increases with advancing a crack and it reaches 9.5MPa⋅m1/2 when the crack advances greater than 1.2mm. This different R-curve behavior suggests that bridging grains responsible for the toughening are damaged with the cyclic loads, resulting in a decrease in the maximum KR value. Applying a Dugdale model to the bridging stress analysis, the bridging stresses under static and cyclic loading conditions were determined 100MPa and 65MPa, respectively.
Large Eddy Simulation of Supersonic Turbulent Combustion with FMDF

This paper is on the application of compressible filtered mass density function (FMDF) model to high speed turbulent combustion. The FMDF is a subgrid-scale probability density function model for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows and is obtained by the solution of a set of stochastic differential equations with a Lagrangian Monte Carlo method. The validity and the consistency of LES/FMDF are established by simulating a premixed hydrogen-air reaction in a supersonic cavity flow configuration with detailed chemical kinetics models.
Abstract 206: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs35301225 (A/C/T) in pre-miR-34a alters the cell cycle regulation

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States and is expected to result in ∼218,000 new cases and about 32,000 deaths in 2010. Recently, microRNA miR-34a has been associated with many cancers including prostate cancer. It has been shown that tumor suppressor p53 transcriptionally regulates the expression of microRNA- miR-34a, which confers translational inhibition and mRNA degradation of genes involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis. Several GWAS studies have reported that Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA coding genes (both in seed and mature sequence) or their target binding sites may alter the strength of miRNA binding and deregulate target gene expression. To our interest we aimed to explore the effect of germ line polymorphism rs35301225 (A/C/T) residing in miR-34a (rs35301225) on the cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Prostate (PC3 and LnCap) and breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cell lines were transfected with pre miRNA mimics containing A/C/T alleles (rs35301225) of miR-34a and the expression of CYCLIN D1, CDK4, CDK6 and proteins associated with cellular signaling cascades, involved in cell cycle regulation were determined by Western blotting. Luciferase assay was performed for the target evaluation. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by WST-1 assay and flow cytometry respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting in the transfected cells. Western blot analysis showed that CYCLIN D1, CDK4, CDK6 and other downstream molecules were significantly down-regulated in the presence of C allele, whereas no such reduction of expression was observed in the presence of A or T allele. Cell proliferation assay showed that different alleles of miR-34a also exert profound effect on proliferation pattern of cells. Flow cytometry analysis also showed that cells with different alleles of miR-34a may exert significant effect on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. To explore if this phenomenon was confined to prostate cancer cell lines or different alleles of mir-34a may alter cell function in general, experiments were repeated with a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Interestingly the results obtained in breast cancer cell lines were similar to that obtained in prostate cancer cell lines. The results suggest that genetic variants residing in the mature miRNA may exert a substantial effect on their expression and function, which needs to be explored along with the biological effect of miRNAs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 206. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-206
On the writing and contribution of technical theses—a view from editors

In view of the fact that some contributors are inexperienced in technical thesis writing and contribution and are often faced with the embarrassment of rejection,rewriting and being on the long waiting list,editors of the journal presents the suggestions on the following aspects: correlation of title and content,choice of key words ,abstract writing,introduction,demonstration method for the text,conclusion extraction and bibliography.At the same time contributors are advised how to contribute to the need of the target journal(its columns,essence,new ideas,projects,and patterns),and how to acquaint oneself with the target journal(its nature and characteristic,contribution,manuscript reading,editorial authority and emotional communication)
Evolution of the modern therapy of shock: science vs. empiricism.

Important advances are being made in the diagnosis and treatment of the state of shock by virtue of rapid expansions in knowledge and technique. In some cases, these new studies are supplementing and confirming classic viewpoints, but in others, they offer totally new concepts in shock therapy. The latter areas are discussed in this article.
Humor and Satire, Political

For centuries, political humor and satire have been an important part of life in democratic societies. Respected and often feared for the influence they are perceived to have on citizens and elites, satirists have occupied a privileged role, both throughout history and in contemporary society. While the specific topics of and channels for political satire have changed since the days of Ancient Greece and Rome, the objectives have remained the same: to challenge the existing political and social order in a manner both playful and entertaining. With the application of social scientific methods and psychological theories, researchers have begun to identify and quantify the various forms of impact of political humor and satire. Recent important developments in digital technologies have expanded the possibilities for political humor's reach and impact. These technological changes as well as recent collaborations between scholars across methodological and epistemological traditions make it a very exciting and promising time for the study—and production—of political humor and satire. Keywords: humor; mass media; political communication
Retention, Effect, and Utility of Tail-mounted Satellite-tracked Transmitters on Golden Eagles

Abstract Studies deploying Platform Transmitter Terminals (PTTs) or Global System for Mobile Communications-GPS (GSM) packages on Golden Eagles have typically used backpack harnesses for attachment despite evidence indicating potential significant negative effects on reproduction and survival. Retention, safety, and utility of tail-mounted PTTs were tested on a sample of Golden Eagles in southwestern Montana. Argos satellite-tracked PTTs of two configurations were attached dorsally or ventrally to the central rectrices of 27 Golden Eagles to study survival. Sixteen packages were known to have been molted or removed (i.e., shed) by the eagle and 13 recovered. Of recovered tail-mounts, six (46%) were forcibly removed by eagles; five by males and one by a female. All packages that were forcibly removed were 32-g ventral mounts. Females tended to retain tail-mounts longer than males and dorsally mounted PTTs tended to be retained longer than those mounted ventrally. Eagles tagged in winter retained PTTs the l...
A Randomized Study of Low Dose Oral Clofarabine 10 Mg Versus 20 Mg (flat dose) Daily × 5 for Patients with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Abstract 3851 Clofarabine (CLO) is a nucleoside analog with activity in myeloid malignancies. We have previously reported an overall response rate (ORR) of 43% (CR rate 25%) in patients (pts) with higher-risk MDS treated with oral CLO at doses between 20 mg/m 2 and 40 mg/m 2 daily × 5 ( S Faderl et al. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28: 2755 ). However, myelosuppression and infectious complications were frequent. We therefore developed a trial based on a Bayesian randomization design of CLO 10 mg vs 20 mg (flat dose) orally daily × 5 days with the objective to maintain reasonable efficacy and minimize toxicities. Cycles were repeated every 4 to 8 weeks for up to a total of 12. Pts were eligible if they had MDS with ≥ 5% blasts (including RAEB-t by FAB) or IPSS intermediate-2 and high-risk, and CMML. Hematopoietic growth factor support prior to and during the study was permitted. Thirty-two pts (19 RAEB [59%], 7 RAEB-t [22%], 2 MDS/MPN [6%], 4 CMML [13%]) were randomized. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups and are summarized in Table 1. Seven pts (22%) responded: 3 CR and 4 CR without platelet recovery (CRp). Four pts (25%) in the 10 mg group and 3 pts (19%) in the 20 mg group responded (differences not significant). Median remission duration was 6.5 months for all pts (6.5 months [10 mg]; 4.4 months [20 mg], p=.942). The median number of cycles was 2 in each treatment group with a range of 1–4 (10 mg) and 1–12 treatment cycles (20 mg), respectively. One pt in each group died. Median survival for the whole group was 8.5 months (8.2 months [10 mg]; 8.5 months [20 mg], p=.9). Clofarabine at both 10 mg and 20 mg orally daily × 5 has a comparable CR/CRp rate as do higher doses. Myelosuppression does still occur but prolonged myelosuppression has been rare. Even lower doses including at different schedules may still warrant further study. Disclosures: Faderl: Genzyme: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Off Label Use: Clofarabine in MDS. O9Brien: Avila: Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Cephalon: Consultancy; CII Global Research Foundation: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech BioOncology: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; MorphoSys: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy; Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Talon: Research Funding; The Medal Group: Speakers Bureau. Kantarjian: Genzyme: Research Funding.
3D direct writing fabrication of electrodes for electrochemical storage devices

Abstract Among different printing techniques, direct ink writing is commonly used to fabricate 3D battery and supercapacitor electrodes. The major advantages of using the direct ink writing include effectively building 3D structure for energy storage devices and providing higher power density and higher energy density than traditional techniques due to the increased surface area of electrode. Nevertheless, direct ink writing has high standards for the printing inks, which requires high viscosity, high yield stress under shear and compression, and well-controlled viscoelasticity. Recently, a number of 3D-printed energy storage devices have been reported, and it is very important to understand the printing process and the ink preparation process for further material design and technology development. We discussed current progress of direct ink writing technologies by using various electrode materials including carbon nanotube-based material, graphene-based material, LTO (Li4Ti5O12), LFP (LiFePO4), LiMn1-xFexPO4, and Zn-based metallic oxide. Based on achieve electrochemical performance, these 3D-printed devices deliver performance comparable to the energy storage device fabricated using traditional methods still leaving large room for further improvement. Finally, perspectives are provided on the potential future direction of 3D printing for all solid-state electrochemical energy storage devices.
Honey, You Know I Can’t Hear You When You Aren’t in the Room: Key Female Filmmakers Prove the Importance of Having a Female in the Writing Room

The need for more diversity in Hollywood films and television is currently being debated by scholars and content makers alike, but where is the proof that more diverse writers will create more diverse material? Since all forms of art are subjective, there is no perfect way to prove the importance of having female writers in the room except through samples of qualitative case studies of various female writers across the history of film. By studying the writing of several female screenwriters – personal correspondence, interviews and their writing for the screen – this paper will begin to prove that having a female voice in the room has made a difference in several prominent films. It will further hypothesise that greater representation can only create greater opportunity for more female stories and voices to be heard. Research for my PhD dissertation ‘Married: With Screenplay’ involved the work of several prominent female screenwriters across the first century of filmmaking, including Anita Loos, Dorothy Parker, Frances Goodrich and Joan Didion. In all of their memoirs and other writings about working on screenplays, each mentioned the importance of (often) being the lone woman in the room during pitches and during the development of a screenplay. Goodrich summarised all their experiences concisely when she wrote, ‘I’m always the only woman working on the picture and I hold the fate of the women [characters] in my hand… I’ll fight for what the gal will or will not do, and I can be completely unfeminine about it.’ Also, the rise of female directors, such as Barbra Streisand or female production executives, such as Kathleen Kennedy, prove that one of the greatest assets to having a female voice in the room is the ability to invite other women inside. Therefore, this paper contributes to the scholarship on women in film and to authorship studies.
Effects of dietary tannins on total and extractable nutrients from manure

The effects of condensed tannins on N dynamics in ruminants have been a topic of research for some time, but much less work has focused on their impacts on other nutrients in manure. A 4 × 4 Latin square trial was used to determine if intake of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; SL; a condensed tannin source), at 0, 10, 20, or 40% of the diet (as-fed basis), would affect concentrations of nutrients in manure and patterns of total excretion when offered with alfalfa (Medicago sativa; ALF) to sheep. With SL additions, average daily manure production increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), from 40 to 50% of the diet mass. The concentrations of total C, total N, soluble P, total and soluble Na, total and soluble S, total and soluble Mn, and total and soluble B in feces increased (P ≤ 0.05) while soluble N, total Ca, total and soluble Mg, soluble Zn, total and soluble Fe, total and soluble Cu decreased (P ≤ 0.02). Total P, total and soluble K, soluble Ca, and total Zn were less affected (P > 0.05). Comparing diets containing 0 to 40% SL, average daily outputs of total C, total N, soluble P, soluble K, total and soluble Na, and total Mn increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) by 42.0, 71.2, 93.3, 45.2, 111, 148, and 52.4 percentage points, respectively. Total K, total and soluble S, soluble Mn, and total and soluble B increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.02) by 26.1, 52.3, 26.7, 147, 100, and 19.5 percentage points, respectively. Conversely, outputs of soluble Zn and total Fe decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), by –51.5 and –24.8 percentage points, while total Ca, total and soluble Mg, soluble Fe, and soluble Cu decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.05) by –15.7, –12.3, –40.0, –89.9, and –60.3 percentage points, respectively. Outputs of soluble N, total P, soluble Ca, total Zn, and total Cu remained unchanged (P ≥ 0.14). Ratios of manure outputs to feed inputs for C, N, K, and B increased (P ≤ 0.02) but those for P and Mg were unchanged (P ≥ 0.10). Ratios of soluble to total manure outputs (S:O) increased (P ≤ 0.01) for P, Ca, Na, Mn; decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for N, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and B; and were unaffected by treatment (P ≤ 0.16) for K. Decreasing S:O ratios are consistent with the formation of complexes that adsorb these nutrients to insoluble fiber fractions of manure and could thus affect mineralization rates. This study suggests that dietary tannins, found in forages like SL, can alter the concentrations, total excretion rates and throughput efficiency of nutrients in manure.
Afterschool school triathlon training for 11- to 14-year old girls: Influences on academic motivation and achievement

Objective:This study evaluated the effect of a Transformation through Triathlon after school programme in promoting health status, academic motivation and socioemotional development in at-risk girls aged 11–14 years attending middle school in the USA.Design:A phenomenological approach was employed with elements of grounded theory to analyse data from focus group interviews for insights into programmatic outcomes.Setting:Participants (N = 29) were invited to participate in the 20-week after school triathlon training and health promotion programme, and some volunteered for interviews. They were selected based on school personnel characterising them as at-risk for low self-esteem, a sedentary lifestyle, and/or classification as overweight. The programme combined empowerment lessons, nutrition and health science education twice per week from mid-March until June 2014, and after-school activities such as triathlon-specific training and group fitness classes three times per week through until July, with a culmi...
How Does Nostalgia Affect Donor Giving Behavior

The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the effects of nostalgia on donor giving behavior and conceptually add to an existing model of charitable giving. This paper adds two antecedents to two different types of nostalgia: significant emotional memories influence personal nostalgia and myth formation influences vicarious nostalgia. A previous conceptual model that depicted personal nostalgia’s effect on donor charitable intentions was extended to include empathy, existential guilt, and donor loyalty. Propositions are offered throughout the paper, a theoretical model on donor giving behavior is extended, and suggestions are offered for future research.
Exploring the pathophysiology of emotion-based impulsivity: The roles of the sympathetic nervous system and hostile reactivity.

Abstract The tendency to engage in impulsive behavior in the context of negative affect, known as negative urgency, has emerged as a powerful transdiagnostic predictor of behavioral dysregulation. Although general vulnerability to negative affect (neuroticism) correlates with negative urgency, not all neurotic individuals engage in urgent behavior. Given prior experimental evidence that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation may promote emotion-related impulsivity, the present study examines tonic SNS activity as a moderator of the link between neuroticism and negative urgency. Participants (N = 194) completed measures of neuroticism and negative urgency, as well as a stress task. They also underwent assessment of tonic SNS activity (cardiac pre-ejection period). The link between neuroticism and negative urgency was strengthened for individuals with higher tonic SNS activity; however, this was not the case for behavioral performance on the task. A similar pattern was demonstrated for hostile reactivity to the stress task; increased hostile response partially explained the interaction between SNS activation and neuroticism on negative urgency. These findings suggest a potential facilitative role of the SNS in hostile reactivity and emotion-driven impulsivity among more neurotic individuals.
Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Growth Factor and Oncogene Signaling

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-Kinase) is an enzyme that phosphorylates the D-3 position of the inositol ring of the membrane lipid, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). It was discovered because of its high affinity association with the v-src oncogene product, pp60v-src and with the polyoma middle t/pp60c-src complex in transformed cells (Sugimoto et al., 1984; Whitman et al., 1985; Whitman et al., 1988). Prior to the discovery of this enzyme, the only phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol known to exist in vivo were phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2). These lipids are intermediates in the canonical PtdIns Turnover Cycle that leads to the well-known second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (Fig. 1). In vitro, PtdIns 3-Kinase can phosphorylate the D-3 position of PtdIns, PtdIns-4-P or PtdIns-4,5-P2 to produce PtdIns-3-P, PtdIns-3,4-P2 and PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 respectively (Auger et al., 1989; Carpenter and Cantley, 1990)). All three of these lipids have now been detected in mammalian cells (Auger et al., 1989; Stephens et al., 1989). The lipid products of PtdIns 3-Kinase are not substrates for the phospholipases type C and are not intermediates in the canonical PtdIns Turnover Cycle (Lips et al., 1989; Serunian et al., 1989). Rather, they appear to be involved in a distinct regulatory process in the cell.
Abstract renders the summary superfluous.

Abstract By definition, an abstract and summary must contain much the same content, as it is the purpose of each to provide a synopsis of the study or review. The journal Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics requires both an abstract and a summary for its articles. We studied 83 reports from Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, reviewing the similarities and differences in the abstracts and summaries based on six objective criteria: the number of words, the number of sentences, the number of repetitious sentences, the clarity of the abstract or summary without having to refer to the body of the article, the expression of conclusions and the introduction of new material that is not mentioned within the body of the article. Our results showed that, although abstracts were nearly one-third longer than the summaries, almost one-third of the sentences were repetitious. On the other hand, in one-fifth of the instances, the important conclusions of the article were included in either the abstract or summary but not both. We conclude that the quantitative and structural attributes of the summary and abstract are sufficiently similar to warrant that the abstract mandated by many publications has rendered the summary superfluous. Furthermore, when both the abstract and summary are included within an article, the omission of important conclusions can occur in one or the other. We recommend to retain the abstract or the summary in the conventional format in the articles rather than to have both in entirety or an altered format.
β decaying T 1 / 2 = 3.4 s isomer in 69 Ni

A radioactive beam of ${}^{69}\mathrm{Ni}$ was produced by the fragmentation of a 70 MeV/nucleon ${}^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$ beam in a Be target. $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray studies were performed using two thin plastic scintillators and two large-volume Ge detectors following implantation of the ${}^{69}\mathrm{Ni}$ nuclei into a foil of a collection wheel apparatus. A 1296-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transition with a half-life of 3.4(7) s was identified and has been attributed to the decay of the $\ensuremath{\nu}{p}_{1/2}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ isomeric state in ${}^{69}\mathrm{Ni}.$ The relative population of the low-spin ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=1/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomer to the known high-spin ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=(17/2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ isomer was determined to be 6:1 for the production of ${}^{69}\mathrm{Ni}$ via fragmentation of ${}^{76}\mathrm{Ge},$ based on an upper limit of 36% extracted for the ${}^{69}{\mathrm{Ni}}^{m1}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay branch to the ${3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state of ${}^{69}\mathrm{Cu}.$ The half-life and branching of the ${}^{69}{\mathrm{Ni}}^{m1}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is discussed in light of possible two particle--two hole excitations in the low-energy structure of ${}^{69}\mathrm{Cu}.$
Piano transductions: music, sound and noise in urban Taiwan

While scholars have drawn attention to the production of space through sound, there has been less attention given to the interchange between multiple co-existing environments. This paper examines h...
Fire in the Bronx: Austerity, Quality of Life, and Nightlife Regulation in New York City Post-1975:

America’s underground economy has grown strikingly since the 1970s, reflecting consumer demand for cheap prices, workers’ search for alternative sources of income, and government intervention. Far ...
INCIDENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ANAEROBES IN THE ABDOMEN

Since the thorough literature review by Altemeier and his documentation that both anaerobic as well as aerobic species are responsible for the bacterial peritonitis in perforated appendicitis, seldom have reports cited anaerobes as being involved in infections developing after peritoneal, pelvic, or perineal contamination by intestinal contents (1, 3, 4, 6, 7). Recently, however, Gorbach and associates have repeatedly stressed an almost routine soilage of the peritoneal cavity by anaerobes whenever gastrointestinal perforation has occurred as a result of disease or trauma (4,7). Subsequent infections following such contamination have also been due primarily to a multiplicity of bacterial species having both anaerobic as well as aerobic culture requirements. This synergistic combination of aerobes and anaerobes has appeared to offer a valid argument for the polymicrobial basis, not a single species, as the cause of the majority of infections developing on a surgical ward (4, 6).
Heart–Lung Interactions and Cardiovascular Support in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by bilateral diffuse alveolar disease on radiograph, restrictive lung physiology, a decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC), intrapulmonary shunt, and arterial hypoxemia. In ARDS, significant positive airway pressure is often needed in order to restore and maintain an adequate FRC. Despite improving oxygenation, the use of positive airway pressure may lead to a decrement in cardiac output (CO), negating the increase in oxygen content, or in more severe cases a decrease in systemic oxygen delivery (DO2). In this chapter, we will discuss the physiologic underpinnings of heart–lung interactions, with an emphasis on the impact of positive airway pressure on right ventricular (RV) loading conditions and output and the salient aspects of the pathophysiology of ARDS in order to discuss the impact, assessment, and treatment of positive pressure ventilation (PPV)-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in pediatric ARDS.