cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonhuman Primate Models for Studies of AIDS Virus Persistence During Suppressive Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.

Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of AIDS represent a potentially powerful component of the effort to understand in vivo sources of AIDS virus that persist in the setting of suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and to develop and evaluate novel strategies for more definitive treatment of HIV infection (i.e., viral eradication “cure”, or sustained off-cART remission). Multiple different NHP models are available, each characterized by a particular NHP species, infecting virus, and cART regimen, and each with a distinct capacity to recapitulate different aspects of HIV infection. Given these different biological characteristics, and their associated strengths and limitations, different models may be preferred to address different questions pertaining to virus persistence and cure research, or to evaluate different candidate intervention approaches. Recent developments in improved cART regimens for use in NHPs, new viruses, a wider array of sensitive virologic assay approaches, and a better understanding of pathogenesis should allow even greater contributions from NHP models to this important area of HIV research in the future.
Therapeutic anticoagulation for pulmonary embolism during first-trimester surgical abortion: two case reports.

Abstract We report two patients with bilateral pulmonary embolism who presented to our county hospital reproductive health services clinic. Both patients underwent an uncomplicated first-trimester aspiration abortion while on therapeutic unfractionated heparin therapy. Anticoagulation therapy may be modified to safely perform first-trimester surgical termination without significant blood loss.
Surveillance Neuroimaging and Neurologic Examinations Influence Management after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (S12.005)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether surveillance neuroimaging and examinations impact care for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). BACKGROUND: The value of routinely performing serial neuroimaging and neurologic examinations to monitor patients after ICH is unknown. US and European guidelines only address imaging for purposes of diagnosis and determining etiology. We tested the hypothesis that a structured surveillance protocol of serial neuroimaging and neurological examinations identified clinical changes requiring emergent surgical interventions. DESIGN/METHODS: Patients with primary ICH were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and July 2012. Patients were managed in a dedicated neuroscience intensive care unit with a protocol that included routine serial neuroimaging at 6, 24 and 48 hours, and hourly serial neurologic examinations using the Glasgow Coma Scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. We evaluated all cases of craniotomy and ventriculostomy to determine whether the procedure was part of the initial management plan or was unplanned in the initial management. For those that were unplanned, we determined worsening on neurologic examination or worsened neuroimaging findings initiated the process leading to intervention. RESULTS: 239 patients were studied. There were 88 surgical interventions in 84 patients (35%), including ventriculostomy in 52 (59%), craniotomy in 21 (24%) and both in 11 (13%). Of the 88 interventions, 24 (27%) occurred subsequently and distinctly from initial management, a median of 15.9 hr [8.9-27.0 hr] after symptom onset. Thirteen (54%) were instigated by findings on neurologic examination and 11 (46%) by neuroimaging. Demographics, severity of hemorrhage and location of hemorrhage were not associated with delayed intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Over 25% of surgical interventions performed after ICH were distinct from the initial management plan, and prompted by delayed imaging or clinical findings. Serial neurologic examinations and serial neuroimaging are both important and effective surveillance techniques for monitoring patients with ICH. Supported by: Departmentally funded. Disclosure: Dr. Maas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosenberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kosteva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bauer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liotta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhakaran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naidech has received research support from Gaymar Inc.
The Role of Age in Plea Bargain Decision Making

Research has elucidated that defendants in criminal cases behave differently depending on their age. How age specifically affects plea bargain behavior, however, has only been sparsely investigated. In four studies, we observed that age influences whether lay individuals’ plea bargain decision making is concordant (i.e., accept plea bargains if guilty and opt for trial if innocent) or discordant (i.e., accept a plea bargain if innocent and opt for a trial if guilty) in ‘mock’ criminal scenarios. In line with emerging adults’ (18-28 years old) increased just-world beliefs and illusions of transparency, Study 1 provided indirect evidence that emerging adults’ plea bargain decision making is more concordant than mature adults (29-40). Study 2, however, found that this effect is dependent on the defendant’s likelihood of conviction. Studies 3 and 4 emulated Studies 1 and 2, however, they examined how parents of differently aged children advise their children regarding plea bargains decision making. Parents of younger children (8-11 years old) advised their child similarly to how they themselves would act. Parents of adolescents (12-18), on the other hand, adopted an entirely concordant approach, advising their adolescent child to behave according to their child’s culpability. Overall, we find that individuals’ approach to plea bargain decision making depends on their age group (or the age group of their children), culpability, and probability of conviction.
FINANCIALIZATION AND INVESTMENT: A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE: FINANCIALIZATION AND INVESTMENT

An expanding literature analyses the implications of the post‐1980 expansion of finance in advanced economies – a process summarized as ‘financialization’ – for capital accumulation. This paper surveys the empirical literature on financialization and investment to take stock of where we are and to identify questions for further research. Because ‘financialization’ is widely recognized to be ambiguously defined, I first introduce empirical indicators of financialization in this literature. This categorization elucidates three approaches to measuring financialization in the context of investment. The first two approaches emphasize rising income flows between nonfinancial corporations (NFCs) and finance: first, growth in NFCs’ financial incomes and, second, growth in NFCs’ payments to creditors and shareholders. Rising financial profits are, notably, widely used to suggest financial assets and incomes ‘crowd out’ physical investment. I contend that these flow‐based indicators of financialization capture important relationships between changes in firm financial behaviour and investment, but also raise questions about determinants underlying NFCs’ changing portfolio and financing decisions. The third approach to defining financialization emphasizes the best‐developed behavioural explanation linking financialization to reduced investment: shareholder value orientation. In future research, scope remains for further attention to behavioural drivers of the empirical trends summarizing financialization.
9. Wives, Lovers, Friends

Anyone with a rich personal life has both bright and less bright episodes in their past. Some choose to lead a more sterile life in order to not risk emotional setbacks. Upon review, mine has not been a sterile life. But I was a late bloomer.
A cluster of high psychological and somatic symptoms in children with idiopathic scoliosis predicts persistent pain and analgesic use 1 year after spine fusion

BACKGROUND Persistent postoperative pain is a significant problem for many children, particularly for those undergoing major surgery such as posterior spine fusion. More than two-thirds report persistent pain after spine fusion, yet factors that may contribute to poorer outcomes remain poorly understood. AIMS This prospective, longitudinal study examined how psychologic and somatic symptoms cluster together in children aged 10-17 years with idiopathic scoliosis, and tested the hypothesis that a higher psychological and somatic symptom cluster would predict worse pain outcomes 1 year after fusion. METHODS Otherwise healthy children with idiopathic scoliosis completed preoperative surveys measuring recent pain intensity, pain location(s), somatic symptom severity, painDETECT (neuropathic-type pain symptoms), pain interference, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing. Pain outcome data were collected during hospitalization, and at 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Ninety-five children completed baseline surveys and a cluster analysis differentiated 28 (30%) with a high symptom profile that included; higher depression, fatigue, pain interference, catastrophizing, and painDETECT scores. High symptom cluster membership independently predicted higher pain interference at 1 year (β 9.92 [95% CI 6.63, 13.2], P < 0.001). Furthermore, children in this high symptom cluster reported significantly higher pain intensity and painDETECT scores, and had a 50% higher probability of continued analgesic use at 1 year compared to those in the Low Symptom Cluster (95% CI 21.3-78.5, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Findings from this exploratory study suggest a need to comprehensively assess children with scoliosis for preoperative signs and symptoms that may indicate an underlying vulnerability for persistent pain. This, in turn may help guide a comprehensive perioperative treatment strategy to mitigate the potential for long-term pain trajectories.
The State, Sewers, and Security: How Does the Egyptian State Reframe Environmental Disasters as Terrorist Threats?

On 25 October 2015, Alexandria, Egypt, experienced heavy rainstorms, which overwhelmed the city’s sewer and drainage systems. The storm flooded the city and caused the death of seven residents. How...
PROSTHESIS-PATIENT MISMATCH FOLLOWING EDWARDS SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) is a known complication of surgical and less frequently, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), occurring when the effective orifice area (EOA) of a prosthetic valve is not large enough to account for a patient's body surface area (BSA). PPM is associated
Resolving vortex-induced pressure fluctuations on a cylinder in rotor wake using fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint

The interaction between rotor wake and a cylinder has been studied experimentally in the current work. The cylinder was placed in close proximity to the rotor plane, and the pressure fluctuations induced by the rotor wake on the cylinder surface were measured by microphones and fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint. Based on the developed data processing methods, challenges such as the low signal-to-noise ratio were resolved and small pressure fluctuations (less than 100 Pa) during the interaction were successfully extracted. The high-resolution vortex-induced pressure field under different blade-cylinder separation distances and rotor collective pitches were compared and analyzed, which clearly showed the effects of tip vortex strength and its evolution. More importantly, for cylinders with different cross section shapes, the pressure footprints left on the surface showed significant distinction in both pressure patterns and overall fluctuation levels. The flat surface would break the structure of the tip vortex and lead to both pressure rise and drop on the surface, while wedge-shaped obstacles would cut the vortex in half and result in two strong pressure drops on both sides. The square cylinder with a 0° installation angle (parallel to the blade) generated the least amount of pressure fluctuation due to its capability of fully breaking the vortex structure during the interaction.
When Lovers Recount their Own Stories: Assimilating Text and Image Units in the Prologue of the Roman de la Poire, ms. Paris BnF 2186

The prologue of the Roman de la Poire includes speeches from the God of Love, the Goddess Fortune, the poet/narrator of the work and several protagonists from twelfth-century texts. MS Paris BnF 2186 includes nine full-page illuminations (very rare in romance) in the prologue that accompany the speeches, forming units of text and image. This article analyzes the speeches by Cliges, Tristan, and Pyramus with their accompanying illuminations. In the speeches, the lovers narrate their own stories (which they did not in the earlier versions), changing them so as to offer a new and substantially different version of a central episode from their narrative that emphasizes how lovers manage appearances, shape perceptions and respond to various obstacles to love. Comparisons between the Poire speeches and the twelfth-century texts reveal the divergences and their import for the Poire narrator. The illuminator’s paintings carefully follow the details in the speeches and, through the power of visual representation, fix in the memory of an observer the lovers’ responses to barriers to love. The images and texts work synergistically and have the potential to encourage any lover, including the romance protagonist, who expresses uncertainty and hesitation throughout the text due to fear of slanderers. The Poire points out the importance of memory, and the text and image units of the prologue of MS 2186 establish that importance from the first pages a reader encounters.
A new multiplication algorithm: on the complexity of simplicity

need of revision, it is shortsighted to conclude for any content area that it ought to be eliminated solely on the grounds that it is intrinsically dull and cannot generate worthwhile mathematical thought. What follows provides an example of how it is possible, by examining some old and familiar multiplication facts with a new metaphor in mind, to uncover an entirely new algorithm for multiplication. (See Brown 1974 for additional educational dis-
Stability Analysis of Rock Structure in Large Slopes and Open-Pit Mine: Numerical and Experimental Fault Modeling

Deep open-pit mines and large rock slopes expose many diverse rock lithologies and geological structures (e.g., faults, bedding planes) that may reduce the integrity of slopes. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for simulating these structures; however, there are few guidelines and methods for calibrating/validating and implementing faults in a numerical model. This paper presents a novel laboratory method to calibrate numerical models and highlights the challenges in simulating faults. One of the main issues in reliable modeling of faulted rock structure is the scarcity of experimental analyses in the laboratory under the controlled conditions. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of using the conventional fault modeling methods on the stability of rock structures is required, as well as a benchmarking between theoretical and experimental results. This research combines theory and experiment, to fill the existing gaps, using numerical simulation and laboratory measurements. Using FLAC3D software, the sensitivity and comparative analyses are carried out for the numerical simulations to investigate the stability of rock slopes on large and small scales (overall open-pit slope and bench slope), and the fault zones. The weak zone (WZ), ubiquitous-joint (UJ), and interface (IF) techniques are the widely used methods in the modeling to capture fault slip mechanisms. The factor of safety (FOS) of the slope is monitored upon variation of the design parameters, such as fault and rock mass mechanical properties, fault types, and modeling framework (e.g., mesh density, convergence ratio). In addition, parameters such as shear displacement and shear stress are investigated to deduce the failure mechanism of the studied models. Finally, laboratory tests were performed to calibrate the modeling results and approximate the agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that choosing an adequately low convergence ratio is critical for estimating FOS. However, beyond a certain convergence ratio, below 10−7, this change is negligible (less than 5%). The results of mesh density sensitivity analysis indicate that the FOS values are insensitive to the mesh density in the WZ method (less than 5% change in FOS), the IF method shows the median sensitivity (5–12% change in FOS), and the UJ method is the most sensitive (FOS values improves by ~ 31%). Comparison between laboratory test and numerical modeling (FOSlab = 1.71, FOSWZ = 1.51, FOSIF = 1.62, and FOSUJ = 1.76) indicates a good agreement between the UJ and IF methods and the laboratory model (~ 3–5% discrepancy). It needs to be mentioned that these analyses/tests are not to favor one method over the other, but rather to emphasize the pros and cons of each within the assumptions of this study.
Association between person-centered maternity care and newborn complications in Kenya.

Author(s): Sudhinaraset, May; Landrian, Amanda; Afulani, Patience A; Diamond-Smith, Nadia; Golub, Ginger | Abstract: ObjectiveDespite the recognized importance of person-centered care, very little information exists on how person-centered maternity care (PCMC) impacts newborn health.MethodsBaseline and follow-up data were collected from women who delivered in government health facilities in Nairobi and Kiambu counties in Kenya between August 2016 and February 2017. The final analytic sample included 413 respondents who completed the baseline survey and at least one follow-up survey at 2, 6, 8, and/or 10nweeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between PCMC scores and outcomes of interest.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, women with high PCMC scores were significantly less likely to report newborn complications than women with low PCMC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.98). Women reporting high PCMC scores also had significantly higher odds of reporting a willingness to return to the facility for their next delivery than women with low PCMC score (aOR 12.72, 95% CI 2.26-71.63). The domains of Respect/Dignity and Supportive Care were associated with fewer newborn complications and willingness to return to a facility.ConclusionPCMC could improve not just the experience of the mother during childbirth, but also the health of her newborn and future health-seeking behavior.
Corrosion of coated aluminium alloy 7075-T6 galvanic test assemblies, part I: unscribed panels

ABSTRACTGalvanic corrosion of samples consisting of coated aluminium alloy 7075-T6 panels connected to stainless steel 316 fasteners was examined. Two coating systems were evaluated, one containing...
Interactions among the components of the diet

A large number of dietary interactions are described in this article. Of these, only a relatively small number have been proved of relevance for human nutrition, under the conditions of real diets. These interactions most often occur at the intestinal lumen, but they may also take place during the utilization or storage of nutrients. Traditional diets of developing countries, which usually include unrefined cereals and other sources of fiber, may inhibit the bioavailability of mineral nutrients, contributing to specific deficiencies. Drug-nutrient interactions may also affect the nutritional status, particularly in population groups such as the elderly, who frequently receive prolonged medication and may have an inadequate food intake.
Dissociative Symptoms In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Research on dissociative symptomatology in the context of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been gaining traction, with dissociation being studied as a set of complex symptoms fo...
Finite subset spaces of S1

Given a topological space X denote by exp k X the space of non-empty subsets of X of size at most k, topologised as a quotient of X k . This space may be regarded as a union over 1 ≤ l < k of configuration spaces of l distinct unordered points in X. In the special case X = S 1 we show that: (1) exp k S 1 has the homotopy type of an odd dimensional sphere of dimension k or k - 1; (2) the natural inclusion of exp 2 k - 1 S 1 ≃ S 2 k - 1 into exp 2 k S 1 ≃ S 2 k - 1 is multiplication by two on homology; (3) the complement exp k S 1 \ exp k - 2 S 1 of the codimension two strata in exp k S 1 has the homotopy type of a (k - 1, k)-torus knot complement; and (4) the degree of an induced map exp k f: exp k S 1 → exp k S 1 is (deg f) [ ( k + 1 ) / 2 ] for f: S 1 → S 1 . The first three results generalise known facts that exp 2 S 1 is a Mobius strip with boundary exp 1 S 1 , and that exp 3 S 1 is the three-sphere with exp 1 S 1 inside it forming a trefoil knot.
Applied quantitative models of trust in human-robot interaction

Abstract To date, most reviews of trust in human-robot interaction have focused on qualitative models. Our review provides a descriptive account of computational models which have been applied and empirically evaluated. We applied metaanalytic methods to search for studies which developed quantitative models of human-robot trust in which trust was inferred based on physiological or behavioral measures, and which ultimately culminated in an evaluative study with human participants. We found 38 articles, 14 of which evaluated subjective trust and human-robot team performance. The models we identified can broadly be grouped into three categories based on model type: linear autoregressive models, dynamic Bayesian networks, and decision-analytical models. These were mostly applied to problems of adaptive autonomy and function allocation, although some were used to change the kinematics of robot manipulators as in the case of collaborative physical interaction. The domains to which these models were applied include the military, surveillance, autonomous vehicles, and manufacturing.
Host plant water deficit stress impairs reproduction and development of the galling fly (Parafreutreta regalis), a biological control agent of Cape-ivy (Delairea odorata)

Abstract Drought leading to water deficit stress is known to reduce performance of galling insects. The shoot tip-galling fly Parafreutreta regalis has been released for biological control of Cape-ivy (Delairea odorata) in California. Lack of moisture during the dry season causes wilting of Cape-ivy shoots, and subsequent reduced host quantity and quality could influence the fly’s ability to multiply and establish. We imposed water deficit stress on potted Cape-ivy plants, then measured the plant’s and insect’s response to water deficit compared to fully-watered plants. Water deficit stress was imposed during female oviposition (short-term), gall development (long-term), or full insect life cycle (long-term). Plants subjected to long-term water deficit showed declines in shoot growth, leaf area, and total biomass. In choice tests, 72% fewer galls were found on water deficit stressed plants, but there was no difference in the numbers of insects per gall. In no-choice tests, long-term water deficit reduced the number and size of galls by up to 51% and 39%, respectively, and puparia inside the galls were up to 35% smaller. Long-term water deficit also increased the time required for the insect to complete its life cycle (egg to adult) by about 10 days, and up to 80% fewer adults emerged, decreasing the fly’s rate of increase by up to five-fold. Our study shows that P. regalis will oviposit and develop successfully on water deficit-stressed plants, but declines in female preference, insect development and abundance could inhibit fly field establishment and/or population growth under climatic drought conditions.
The Dragonfly Effect: Analysis of the Social Media Women’s Empowerment Campaign:

Social media can advocate for social causes and catalyse audience support. To better understand the role of social media in advocacy communication, this article explores how advocates utilised Face...
Fluency Interventions for Struggling Readers in Grades 6 to 12: A Research Synthesis.

This systematic review synthesizes fluency intervention research for struggling readers in Grades 6 through 12 from January 2006 to October 2019. The search yielded 17 studies examining reading flu...
Theories of development: In dialog with Jean Piaget

Abstract Piaget's body of work had two major theoretical thrusts: constructivism and stage theory. Both constructivism and stage theories articulate modern work on conceptual development, albeit transformed by developments in cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. A case study of conceptual change in childhood within a framework theory of intuitive biology illustrates these points.
Causal dataflow analysis for concurrent programs

We define a novel formulation of dataflow analysis for concurrent programs, where the flow of facts is along the causal dependencies of events. We capture the control flow of concurrent programs using a Petri net (called the control net), develop algorithms based on partially-ordered unfoldings, and report experimental results for solving causal dataflow analysis problems. For the subclass of distributive problems, we prove that complexity of checking data flow is linear in the number of facts and in the unfolding of the control net.
Utilizing Microsoft robotics studio in undergraduate robotics

Robotics as an upper-level undergraduate computer science class has a lot of potential, since it allows students to apply their skills in a new and novel domain, and since many students find it motivating to obtain the immediate, concrete feedback of seeing their program control a robot. Because of both cost concerns and the practical constraints of the available robotic platforms, the traditional approach to teaching a robotics class has been to select a single platform and write code using an API specific to that platform. However, as the price of various robotic platforms decreases, and the selection increases, it is becoming feasible for universities to purchase a variety of robots. Microsoft Robotics Studio provides a useful way to utilize multiple robotic platforms in one class without wasting time on learning multiple platform-specific APIs. This paper documents our experience utilizing Microsoft Robotics Studio, along with Lego NXTs and iRobot Creates, in an upper-level undergraduate robotics elective.
Is there a reversal of reverse epidemiology in renal transplant recipients

Similar to the general population, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with a functioning renal graft. Recent studies have shown an inverse relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in dialysis patients. Low blood pressure, low body mass index (BMI) and low serum cholesterol levels are correlated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. The explanation for these observations is unclear. In renal transplant recipients (RTR), these parameters are correlated with a lower risk of cardiovascular adverse outcomes, a phenomenon labeled as "reversal of reverse epidemiology." The aims of this review are: (1) to explore the association between cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in RTR; (2) to assess whether these effects are reversal of the reverse epidemiology in dialysis predecessors; and (3) to determine the strategies for minimizing cardiovascular risk in RTR. This article also compares the determinants of cardiovascular risk factors among the general population, maintenance dialysis patients and RTR. Because definitive evidence on optimal intervention is lacking, population-specific clinical trials are needed to define optimum targets for treatment of these risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients and RTR separately.
Relativistic Z-Dependent Corrections to Atomic Energy Levels

Publisher Summary A non-relativistic perturbation calculation of atomic energy levels with a sum of single-electron hydrogenic Hamiltonians as unperturbed Hamiltonian and the electrostatic interaction of the electrons as perturbation operator results in an expansion of the non-relativistic energy in inverse powers of the nuclear charge Z. The diagonalization leads to a single energy in which the energy contributions from the various orders are inseparably combined. In the variational screening theory, each orbital is assigned a screening parameter derived from a variation principle. The programs written in the chapter allow for the introduction of screening parameters into the calculation of the radial integrals. The elementary screening method does not involve any new calculation of the radial integrals using screened wavefunctions. Instead the energy is given by a simple screened formula in which the screening parameter is determined from an unscreened first-order calculation. If the irreducible tensor operators are products of one-electron operators, then the whole matrix element can be written as a linear combination of products of radial integrals times reduced matrix elements of one-electron operators between one-electron states times recoupling coefficients.
Stimulation of IRF-7 Gene Expression by Tumor Necrosis Factor α REQUIREMENT FOR NFκB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND GENE ACCESSIBILITY

Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) plays an important role in innate immunity, where, together with IRF-3, it controls the expression of interferon A/B genes as well as chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted). Previously, we characterized human IRF-7 promoter and showed that an interferon-stimulated response element site in the first intron binds interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) and confers the response to interferon. Here we report the stimulation of IRF-7 expression by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in human peripheral blood monocytes. Using promoter analysis in combination with electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we have demonstrated that an NFkappaB site located next to the TATA box, binds p50 and p65 heterodimer and is required for the induction of the IRF-7 gene by TPA and TNFalpha. In addition, we report stimulation of IRF-7 gene expression by topoisomerase II (TOPII) inhibitors. We show by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay that treatment with the TOPII inhibitor etoposide induces association of acetylated histone 3 with the promoter of IRF-7 gene, indicating that TOPII-mediated changes in chromatin structure could be responsible for the induction. This suggests that the IRF-7 gene is localized in the condensed area of the chromosome where it is inaccessible to transcription factors that would promote its constitutive expression.
Topological analysis of computed three-dimensional viscous flow fields

Computed solutions of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional flows having thin shear layers are analyzed, using topological concepts. Specific examples include the transonic flow over a body of revolution with conical afterbody at moderate angles of incidence to the free stream. Experimental flow-visualization techniques are simulated graphically to visualize the computed flow. Scalar and vector fluid dynamic properties, such as pressure, shear stress, and vorticity on the body surface, are presented as topological maps, and their relationship to one another in terms of orientation and singular points is discussed. The extrapolation from these surface topologies toward the understanding of external flow-field behavior is discussed and demonstrated.
Speech production of preschoolers with cleft palate

Abstract Objective: The present investigation was conducted to examine the prevalence of preschoolers with cleft palate who require speech therapy, demonstrate significant nasalization of speech, and produce compensatory articulations. The relationship among these three dependent variables and the independent variables of cleft type and age of primary palatal surgery was also examined. Participants: The participants included 212 preschoolers with repaired cleft palate aged 2 years 10 months to 5 years 6 months. Main Outcome Measures: Chi-square analyses were performed to examine the relationship between two independent variables (cleft type and age of surgery) and three dependent variables (percentage of children requiring speech therapy, percentage demonstrating moderate to severe hypernasality and receiving secondary management for velopharyngeal insufficiency, and percentage producing glottal/pharyngeal substitutions). Results: Sixty-eight percent of the children were enrolled in (or had previously rec...
Case 42-1984: A 29-Year-Old Woman with a Lytic Lesion of a Parietal Bone

Presentation of Case A 29-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a lytic skull lesion. She was well until eight months earlier, when she was involved in a motor-vehicle accident and struck her head on the windshield. She did not lose consciousness but subsequently experienced persistent daily occipital headaches. She was seen at another hospital, where x-ray films of the skull (Fig. 1) showed an area of scalloped radiolucency in the left posterior parietal region; no evidence of fracture or unusual calcification was seen. Four months before entry, while combing her hair, she observed a small, tender lump . . .
Algebrants in many electron quantum mechanics. II. New computational algorithms

Algebrants are generalized matrix functions; they are multilinear forms of which the determinant, the permanent, and the immanant are special cases. A formal definition and fundamental properties of algebrants was given in paper I of this series. The present work develops algorithms for computation of those algebrants that arise in computational spin-free quantum chemistry for valence bond (VB) wave functions built on nonorthogonal orbitals. Namely, we exploit the left- and right-hand antisymmetry of ˚A to develop algorithms that greatly reduce or eliminate the N! problem. The algorithms can be implemented in any computer language; our implementation in FORTRAN is available upon request. The savings effected by spin-free vs Slater determinant versions of VB theory are illustrated for 2, 3, …, 10 electrons.
Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents: Challenges and Opportunities

11. Finger EC, Marsh AA, Blair KS, et al. Disrupted reinforcement signaling in the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate in youths with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder and a high level of psychopathic traits. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(2):152-162. 12. Stringaris A, Goodman R. Longitudinal outcome of youth oppositionality: irritable, headstrong, and hurtful behaviors have distinctive predictions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(4): 404-412.
Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure and Gulf War Illness on brain structure and function: a study at 4T.

Abstract Background More than 100,000 US troops were potentially exposed to chemical warfare agents sarin (GB) and cyclosarin (GF) when an ammunition dump at Khamisiyah, Iraq was destroyed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War (GW). We previously found reduced total gray matter (GM) volume in 40 GW veterans with suspected GB/GF exposure relative to 40 matched, unexposed GW veterans on a 1.5 T MR scanner. In this study, we reexamine the relationship between GB/GF exposure and volumetric measurements of gross neuroanatomical structures in a different cohort of GW veterans on a 4 T MR scanner. Methods Neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a cross sectional study on Gulf War Illness performed between 2005 and 2010 were used in this study. 4 T MRI data were analyzed using automated image processing techniques that produced volumetric measurements of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results Binary comparisons of 64 GB/GF exposed veterans and 64 ‘matched’, unexposed veterans revealed reduced GM ( p = 0.03) and WM ( p = 0.03) volumes in the exposed veterans. Behaviorally, exposed veterans committed more errors of omission ( p = 0.02) and tended to have slower responses ( p = 0.05) than unexposed veterans on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), a measure sustained and selective attention. Regression analyses confirmed that GB/GF exposure status predicted GM ( β = −0.11, p = 0.02) and WM ( β = −0.14, p = 0.03) volumes, and number of CPT omission errors ( β = 0.22, p = 0.02) over and above potentially confounding demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. There was no dose–response relationship between estimated levels of GB/GF exposure and brain volume. However, we did find an effect of Gulf War Illness/Chronic Mulitsymptom Illness on both GM and WM volume in the GB/GF exposed veterans. Conclusions These findings confirm previous reports by our group and others of central nervous system pathology in GW veterans with suspected exposure to low levels of GB/GF two decades after the exposure.
A Computationally Efficient Simulation-Based Optimization Algorithm for Large-Scale Urban Transportation Problems

This paper proposes a computationally efficient simulation-based optimization SO algorithm suitable to address large-scale generally constrained urban transportation problems. The algorithm is based on a novel metamodel formulation. We embed the metamodel within a derivative-free trust region algorithm and evaluate the performance of this SO approach considering tight computational budgets. We address a network-wide traffic signal control problem using a calibrated microscopic simulation model of evening peak period traffic of the full city of Lausanne, Switzerland, which consists of more than 600 links and 200 intersections. We control 99 signal phases of 17 intersections distributed throughout the entire network. This SO problem is a high-dimensional nonlinear constrained problem. It is considered large-scale and complex in the fields of derivative-free optimization, traffic signal optimization, and simulation-based optimization. We compare the performance of the proposed metamodel method to that of a traditional metamodel method and that of a widely used commercial signal control software. The proposed method systematically and efficiently identifies signal plans with improved average city-wide travel times.
Age and Growth of the Yellow Bass in Lake Poygan, Wisconsin

Abstract Yellow bass age and growth data were obtained from 202 fish collected in Lake Poygan, Wisconsin, a 5,707-hectare widening of the Wolf River, during October, 1963 and winter of 1963-64. The fish length-scale length relationship was L = 15 + 1.529 (R). No significant difference in growth between sexes was found. The growth of Lake Poygan yellow bass was greater than that reported from most areas. All fish were mature at age-group III. The length-weight relationship was log W = −4.0289 + 2.7000 log L, where W = weight in g and L = total length in mm.
Electrophysiologic studies on locked-in patients: heterogeneity of findings.

Abstract Somatosensory evoked potentials, brain-stem auditory evoked potentials and electroencephalograms were obtained from 9 patients with the diagnosis of ‘locked-in’ syndrome. No pattern of evoked potential abnormality was specific to this syndrome, with findings ranging from bilaterally normal to unilaterally or bilaterally absent. The evoked potential studies complemented radiographic findings in defining the extent of the lesion and revealed that a portion of the pontine tegmentum was usually involved. Pathology from 2 patients corroborated the findings of the evoked potential studies. The value of evoked potential studies of patients with locked-in syndrome is to provide early objective evidence of brain-stem involvement independent of the clinical examination, EEG and radiographic studies.
The Relationship Between Skin Conductance Orienting the Allocation of Processing Resources

Information processing models of autonomic orienting suggest that the elicitation of an orienting response is associated with either the call for, or the actual allocation of, limited attentional processing resources. However, Dawson, Filion, and Schell (1989) reported a directional dissociation between elicitation of the skin conductance orienting response and resource allocation, as indexed by reaction time slowing on a secondary task. Although larger skin conductance responses were elicited by a task-relevant stimulus than by a task-irrelevant stimulus, reaction time showed the opposite pattern (i.e., greater slowing to secondary task probes presented shortly following the onset of the task-irrelevant stimulus). In the present report, we describe three experiments which examine the generality of this dissociation effect and test specific hypotheses regarding its nature. Results of the first two experiments revealed that the dissociation effect is observed reliably when the task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli consist of left ear and right ear tones or high and low pitched binaural tones, across a range of secondary task probe presentation times. However, the third experiment demonstrated that when task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli are presented to different sensory modalities (auditory and visual), orienting and resource allocation are both greater during the task-relevant than the task-irrelevant stimuli, thus eliminating the dissociation effect. These results support the hypothesis that the dissociation effect is due to a switch of attention initiated because of the physical similarity of the task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli, and suggest that there is a fundamentally positive relationship between skin conductance orienting and resource allocation under selective attention conditions.
Abnormal activity-dependent brain lactate and glutamate+glutamine responses in panic disorder.

Background Prior evidence suggests panic disorder (PD) is characterized by neurometabolic abnormalities, including increased brain lactate responses to neural activation. Increased lactate responses could reflect a general upregulation of metabolic responses to neural activation. However, prior studies in PD have not measured activity-dependent changes in brain metabolites other than lactate. Here we examine activity-dependent changes in both lactate and glutamate plus glutamine (glx) in PD. Methods Twenty-one PD patients (13 remitted, 8 symptomatic) and 12 healthy volunteers were studied. A single-voxel, J-difference, magnetic resonance spectroscopy editing sequence was used to measure lactate and glx changes in visual cortex induced by visual stimulation. Results The PD patients had significantly greater activity-dependent increases in brain lactate than healthy volunteers. The differences were significant for both remitted and symptomatic PD patients, who did not differ from each other. Activity-dependent changes in glx were significantly smaller in PD patients than in healthy volunteers. The temporal correlation between lactate and glx changes was significantly stronger in control subjects than in PD patients. Conclusions The novel demonstration that glx responses are diminished and temporally decoupled from lactate responses in PD contradicts the model of a general upregulation of activity-dependent brain metabolic responses in PD. The increase in activity-dependent brain lactate accumulation appears to be a trait feature of PD. Given the close relationship between lactate and pH in the brain, the findings are consistent with a model of brain metabolic and pH dysregulation associated with altered function of acid-sensitive fear circuits contributing to trait vulnerability in PD.
Protease-facilitated transfer of high-molecular-weight proteins during electrotransfer to nitrocellulose

Abstract A procedure is described to enhance the electrophoretic transfer of high-molecular-weight proteins from polyacrylamide gels onto nitrocellulose. The technique takes advantage of in situ proteolysis to reduce the size of large proteins. No apparent loss of low-molecular-weight protein bands was observed, and transferred proteins remained immunoreactive.
Nonmonotone functionals in the Lyapunov direct method for equations of the neutral type

We present new tests for the stability and asymptotic stability of trivial solutions of equations with deviating argument of the neutral type. Unlike well-known results, here we use nonmonotone indefinite Lyapunov functionals. Our class of functionals contains both Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions as natural special cases. This class of functionals is broad enough that, in a number of stability tests, we have been able to omit the a priori requirement of stability of the corresponding difference operator. In addition, we present tests for the asymptotic stability of solutions of equations of the neutral type with unbounded right-hand side and new estimates for the magnitude of perturbations that do not violate the asymptotic stability if it holds for the unperturbed equation. The obtained estimates single out domains of the phase space in which perturbations should be small and domains in which essentially no constraints are imposed on the perturbation magnitude.
Synthetic MMP‐13 degradable ECMs based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks. I. Degradation and cell migration

Thermoresponsive and injectable semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (sIPNs) containing a biospecific cell-adhesive signal and proteolytically degradable domains were developed as a synthetic equivalent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The sIPNs synthesized define a modular hydrogel ECM where different properties of the matrix can be manipulated independently, thus creating a system where parametric analysis of the effect of hydrogel properties on cell proliferation and differentiation is possible. sIPNs composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [p(NIPAAm-co-AAc)] and RGD-grafted poly(acrylic acid) linear chains [p(AAc)-g-RGD] were synthesized with peptide crosslinkers containing a matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13, collagenase-3) degradable domain. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of peptide-crosslinked p(NIPAAm-co-AAc) sIPNs was not influenced by the addition of either linear p(AAc) or peptide-modified p(AAc) chains ( approximately 34 degrees C) in PBS. Degradation of peptide-crosslinked hydrogels and sIPNs was enzyme specific and concentration dependent. Exposure of rat calvarial osteoblast (RCO) culture to the degradation products from the peptide-crosslinked hydrogels did not significantly affect cell viability. Migration of RCOs into the sIPNs was dependent upon the presence of both a cell-adhesive RGD peptide (Ac-CGGNGEPRGDTYRAY-NH2) and proteolytically-degradable crosslinks; however, there was greater dependence on the latter. The sIPNs synthesized are versatile materials for assessing cell fate in synthetic ECM constructs in vitro and tissue regeneration in vivo.
Truncal flexibility exercise effects on musculoskeletal capability for manual handling operations

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a truncal flexibility programme on manual material handling strength and endurance, low-back flexibility and truncal rotation. Two training groups (males and females) and one control group participated in the study. Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis suggested that it is possible to improve significantly dynamic muscular strength, low-back flexibility and truncal rotation during the course of the exercises described in this investigation. However, the effects of the programme on muscular endurance were mixed; females significantly improved and males did not. The response variables collected for the control group did not show any significant change over the study period. The implications of the results with respect to the industrial environment are discussed.