cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Point defects in NiAl near the equiatomic composition

Perturbed γ-γ angular correlation spectroscopy was applied to study the structure and properties of point defects near111In probes in quenched and annealed NiAl samples with five compositions in the range cNi=48–52%. Quadrupole interaction signals are analysed in terms of near-neighbor Ni-vacancy and nextnear-neighbor Ni antisite atom defects. Large mono- and divacancy concentrations were observed in all samples after quenching. For cNi 50%, large quenched-in vacancy concentrations annealed out near 500°C. For cNi=50%, most vacancies annealed out near 500°C, but about 35% of the111In probes retained a trapped monovacancy. This is attributed to a very low value of the formation enthalpy of a vacancy next to the In probe, estimated to be 0.16(2) eV. A lesser annelaing stage detected at 300°C is tentatively attributed to diffusion of Al-vacancies.
Auslander-gorenstein rings

We study basic properties of Auslander-Gorenstein rings related to duality, localization and purity of minimal injective resolutions.
Nonparametric estimation of the plausibility functions of the distractors of vocabulary test items

The Level 11 Vocabulary Subtest of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills was analyzed using a two-stage latent trait approach and an empirical dataset of 2,356 examinees. First, each of the 43 multiple-choice test items was scored dichotomously; then, assuming the (two-parameter) normal ogive model the item parameters were estimated. The operating characteristics of the correct answer and of the three distractors were estimated using a nonparametric approach called the simple sum procedure of the conditional probability density function approach combined with the normal approach method. Differential information was provided by the distractors, and these operating characteristics were named the plausibility functions of the distractors. The operating characteristic of the correct answer of each item estimated by assuming the normal ogive model was compared with the nonparagnetrically estimated operating characteristic for model validation. It was concluded that the nonparametric approach leads to efficient estima...
Estimating the Returns to Informed Decision-Making

Data from 929 product tests in Consumer Reports between January 1975 and November 1984 were used to estimate the potential payoffs to consumer search. A “best choice’ and a “worst choice’ were identified in each product test using three different selection methods. In methods 1 and 2, the worst choice was qualitatively inferior to the best choice. However, the method 1 worst choice was the most expensive lower-quality option, while in method 2 it was the least expensive alternative. In method 3, both the best and worst choices were selected randomly without regard to quality rankings or price. When the worst choice in a product test was more costly than the corresponding best choice, the price difference (in percent) was computed to estimate the returns to search in 12 product classes. Implications for consumers and consumer educators are also identified.
Strategies for an Anterior Capsular Shift of the Shoulder A Biomechanical Comparison

We evaluated the effect of two different anterior cap sular shift strategies on load-induced multidirectional glenohumeral motion. Nine cadaveric shoulders were tested on a special test apparatus in which three mo tions were constrained but which allowed simultaneous measurement of three translations: anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superoinferior. A simulated Bankart lesion was created by detaching the inferior glenohu meral ligament and labrum from the anterior glenoid from 5 mm superior to the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament to a point just posterior to the infraglenoid tubercle. The two types of medial-based anterior capsular shifts were performed sequentially using fixation via a transglenoid drill hole and No. 2 su ture. One shift medialized the anterior capsule on the glenoid by 5 mm; the other one shifted the anterior cap sule 5 mm superior on the anterior glenoid. Biomechani cal testing was done in two positions of humeral eleva tion in the scapular plane, three positions o...
Molecular Evolution at the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 2 Gene Among Divergent Populations of the Intertidal Copepod, Tigriopus californicus

The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (COII) encodes a highly conserved protein that is directly responsible for the initial transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to cytochrome c oxidase (COX) crucial to the production of ATP during cellular respiration. Despite its integral role in electron transport, we have observed extensive intraspecific nucleotide and amino acid variation among 26 full-length COII sequences sampled from seven populations of the marine copepod, Tigriopus californicus. Although intrapopulation divergence was virtually nonexistent, interpopulation divergence at the COII locus was nearly 20% at the nucleotide level, including 38 nonsynonymous substitutions. Given the high degree of interaction between the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 protein (COX2) and the nuclear-encoded subunits of COX and cytochrome c (CYC), we hypothesized that some codons in the COII gene are likely to be under positive selection in order to compensate for amino acid substitutions in other subunits. Estimates of the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution (omega), obtained using a series of maximum likelihood models of codon substitution, indicated that the majority of codons in T. californicus COII are under strong purifying selection (omega << 1), while approximately 4% of the sites in this gene appear to evolve under relaxed selective constraint (omega = 1). A branch-site maximum likelihood model identified three sites that may have experienced positive selection within the central California sequence clade in our COII phylogeny; these results are consistent with previous studies showing functional and fitness consequences among interpopulation hybrids between central and northern California populations.
Rigid body attitude coordination without inertial frame information

We study a motion coordination problem where the objective is to achieve identical orientation and synchronous rotation for a group of rigid bodies. Unlike existing designs which assume that the inertial frame is available to each agent, we develop a passivity-based design which relies only on relative attitude information with respect to neighboring agents. The desired equilibria, where all the rigid bodies possess the same attitude and rotate at a desired angular velocity, are shown to be locally asymptotically stable and a manifold of undesired equilibria may exist. We then consider the situation where the reference angular velocity is available only to the leader, and propose a distributed adaptive controller with which the other agents reconstruct this reference angular velocity.
A prescriptive intergenerational-tension ageism scale : Succession, identity, and consumption (SIC)

We introduce a novel ageism scale, focusing on prescriptive beliefs concerning potential intergenerational tensions: active, envied resource succession, symbolic identity avoidance, and passive, sharedresource consumption (SIC). Four studies (2,010 total participants) were used to develop the scale. Exploratory factor analysis formed an initial 20-item, 3-factor solution (Study 1). The scale converges appropriately with other prejudice measures and diverges from other social control measures (Study 2). It diverges from antiyouth ageism (Study 3). The Study 4 experiment yielded both predictive and divergent validity apropos another ageism measure. Structural equation modeling confirmed model fit across all studies. Per an intergenerational-tension focus, younger people consistently scored the highest. As generational equity issues intensify, the scale provides a contemporary tool for current and future ageism research.
The evolutionary physiology of animal flight: paleobiological and present perspectives.

▪ Abstract Recent geophysical analyses suggest the presence of a late Paleozoic oxygen pulse beginning in the late Devonian and continuing through to the late Carboniferous. During this period, plant terrestrialization and global carbon deposition resulted in a dramatic increase in atmospheric oxygen levels, ultimately yielding concentrations potentially as high as 35% relative to the contemporary value of 21%. Such hyperoxia of the late Paleozoic atmosphere may have physiologically facilitated the initial evolution of insect flight metabolism. Widespread gigantism in late Paleozoic insects and other arthropods is also consistent with enhanced oxygen flux within diffusion-limited tracheal systems. Because total atmospheric pressure increases with increased oxygen partial pressure, concurrently hyperdense conditions would have augmented aerodynamic force production in early forms of flying insects. By the late Permian, evolution of decompositional microbial and fungal communities, together with disequilibr...
‘Corporate welfare’ campaigns in North America

One important consequence of globalization has been the cumulative shifting of tax burdens from corporations to individuals. While this trend holds for the OECD as a whole, it is especially pronounced within the United States, where the corporate income tax share of total taxes (federal, state, local, and Social Security) fell from 21.51 per cent in 1955 to 7.87 per cent in 1993 (Webb, 1996, p. 8). An equally sharp drop occurred in Canada, with the corporate income tax share falling from 18.5 per cent in 1955 to 6.9 per cent in 1993.1
The Transformation of Justice: Hofrichter's Neighborhood Justice and Harrington's Shadow Justice

One of the most striking developments in American law in the past two decades has been the trend towards developing "alternative" mechanisms for processing disputes outside the courts. Informal justice, which encompasses arbitration panels, mediation boards, neighborhood justice centers and a host of other public and private extrajudicial dispute processing forums,' has been aptly labelled a "growth industry." A concomitant to this growth-and itself a sociologically interesting phenomenon-is the voluminous body of academic
Cytosolic Heat Shock Protein 60, Hypoxia, and Apoptosis

Background— Heat shock protein (HSP)60 is an abundant protein found primarily in the mitochondria, though 15% to 20% is found in the cytosol. Previously we observed that HSP60 complexes with bax in the cytosol. Reduction in HSP60 precipitates translocation of bax to the mitochondria and apoptosis. We hypothesized that HSP60 would decrease with hypoxia/reoxygenation and that this would precipitate bax translocation to the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c. Methods and Results— Adult rat cardiac myocytes were studied at end-hypoxia and at 10 and 24 hours of reoxygenation. HSP60 levels were unchanged at end-hypoxia and decreased 33% and 40% at 10 and 24 hours of reoxygenation, whereas HSP72 increased 80% and 110%. Bax and bcl-2 decreased during reoxygenation. However, cytochrome c release occurred at end-hypoxia, before reoxygenation. Cell fractionation was done to analyze this further. In normal myocytes, bax and HSP60 were present in the cytosol, and bax coimmunoprecipitated with cytosolic HSP60. At end-hypoxia, mitochondrial HSP60 was unchanged, but cytosolic HSP60 had disappeared and was now in the plasma membrane fraction. Concurrently, bax was no longer in the cytosol but now in the mitochondria. Thus, although total HSP60 remained the same, it no longer complexed with bax, and bax was free to translocate to the mitochondria and precipitate apoptosis. Reduction in ATP had a similar effect. Conclusions— These studies show that hypoxia results in disassociation of the HSP60-bax complex with translocation of cytosolic HSP60 to the plasma membrane and bax to the mitochondria. This is sufficient to trigger apoptosis.
Monoubiquitylation promotes mitochondrial p53 translocation

A major function of the p53 tumor suppressor is the induction of a pleiotropic apoptotic program in response to stress through transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In particular, this includes a direct apoptotic role of p53 at the mitochondria. Stress-induced p53 translocation to the mitochondria with subsequent outer membrane permeabilization is a common early component in p53-mediated apoptosis in normal and transformed cells. However, the mechanism of p53 delivery to the mitochondria remains unknown. Here, we show that the cytoplasm contains a separate and distinct p53 pool that is the major source for p53 translocation to the mitochondria upon its stress-induced stabilization. Using various manipulations that enhance or diminish p53 ubiquitylation, our data provide evidence that Mdm2-mediated monoubiquitylation of p53 greatly promotes its mitochondrial translocation and thus its direct mitochondrial apoptosis. On the other hand, p53 does not require Mdm2 as a shuttler. Upon arrival at the mitochondria, our data suggest that p53 undergoes rapid deubiquitylation by mitochondrial HAUSP via a stress-induced mitochondrial p53–HAUSP complex. This generates the apoptotically active non-ubiquitylated p53. Taken together, we propose a novel model for mitochondrial p53 targeting, whereby a distinct cytoplasmic pool of stabilized monoubiquitylated p53, generated in resting cells by basal levels of Mdm2-type ligases, is subject to a binary switch from a fate of inactivation via subsequent polyubiquitylation and degradation in unstressed cells, to a fate of activation via mitochondrial trafficking.
Specifications and Architectures of Federated Event-Driven Systems

Federated event driven systems (FEDS) integrate event data pushed to it or pulled by it from multiple sites within and outside an enterprise. Performance requirements for these applications can be met by implementing applications on networks of multiprocessors. This paper describes a graph model for applications and a method of mapping the graph on to multiprocessor networks. Information flows among processors within an address space are implemented by passing pointers while information flows across address spaces are implemented by message passing. The model and implementation allows an application and the underlying hardware infrastructure to be changed relatively easily. The paper describes an application implemented in this way.
Youth debriefing diversity workshops: conversational contexts that forge intercultural alliances across differences

This article examines how an ethnically diverse group of youth critically debriefs their facilitation of diversity workshops for other youth. Using naturally occurring tape‐recorded conversations and a critical ethnographic and discourse analysis perspective, the article examines youth’s contributions towards a participatory process of learning, constituted in dialogical relations of conflict and coalition. Revealed is how participants engage diverse subjectivities, agency and concern for others by co‐creating conversations that go beyond their paid intern responsibilities as diversity trainers. In conversation they co‐create opportunities, conversational contexts, that promote intercultural alliances and (in)form education and learning.
Early breakthrough of colloids and bacteriophage MS2 in a water‐saturated sand column

[1] We conducted column-scale experiments to observe the effect of transport velocity and colloid size on early breakthrough of free moving colloids, to relate previous observations at the pore scale to a larger scale. The colloids used in these experiments were bacteriophage MS2 (0.025 μm), and 0.05- and 3-μm spherical polystyrene beads, and were compared with a conservative nonsorbing tracer (KCl). The results show that early breakthrough of colloids increases with colloid size and water velocity, compared with the tracer. These results are in line with our previous observations at the pore scale that indicated that larger colloids are restricted by the size exclusion effect from sampling all paths, and therefore they tend to disperse less and move in the faster streamlines, if they are not filtered out. The measured macroscopic dispersion coefficient decreases with colloid size due to the preferential flow paths, as observed at the pore scale. Dispersivity, typically considered only a property of the medium, is in this case also a function of colloid size, in particular at low Peclet numbers due to the size exclusion effect. Other parameters for colloid transport, such as collector efficiency and colloid filtration rates, were also estimated from the experimental breakthrough curve using a numerical fitting routine. In general, we found that the estimated filtration parameters follow the clean bed filtration model, although with a lower filtration efficiency overall.
Architectural walkthroughs using portal textures

This paper outlines a method to dynamically replace portals with textures in a cell-partitioned model. The rendering complexity is reduced to the geometry of the current cell thus increasing interactive performance. A portal is a generalization of windows and doors. It connects two adjacent cells (or rooms). Each portal of the current cell that is some distance away from the viewpoint is rendered as a texture. The portal texture (smoothly) returns to geometry when the viewpoint gets close to the portal. This way all portal sequences (not too close to the viewpoint) have a depth complexity of one. The size of each texture and distance at which the transition occurs is configurable for each portal.
Cultural Factors in Food Habits: Reflections in Memory of Christine S. Wilson

Nutrition and anthropology have a long history of collaboration in studies of food and changing food habits. Adopting Christine Wilson's (1973) Handbook of References as a starting point, this analysis considers changing nutrition and anthropology institutional contexts for food and culture studies, the increase in available data bases, the ways politics enter into anthropological and nutritional studies of food, and positive versus negative orientations toward the value and significance of cultural dimensions of food habits. A final section considers some new ways anthropologists and nutritionists are collaborating on studies of the construction and health implications of transcultural diets, with special reference to Mexico.
Early results of thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvest using an ultrasonic scalpel.

Objective: We developed a thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvest technique using an ultrasonic scalpel, the Harmonic Scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH). This is the first report of 9 month follow-up using this technique. Methods: The Harmonic Scalpel is activated ultrasonically by vibrating at 55 000 Hz. Compared with electrocautery, lower heat ( ,100°C) and less smoke are generated. Thoracoscopic harvest using the Harmonic Scalpel with a hook blade was performed for 48 internal mammary arteries (42 left, six right) in 46 patients. Four (8.7%) of them were redo cases. The left internal mammary to left anterior descending artery and the right internal mammary to right coronary artery anastomoses were accomplished on the beating heart. Two left internal mammary arteries were sequentially, anastomosed to diagonal branches. Graft flow velocity was evaluated with pulsatile wave color Doppler test on the second or third postoperative day and repeated 3 and 6 months later. Results: The mean harvest time was 65 min (range 35‐95 min) for the left internal mammary artery and 37 min (range 25‐45 min) for the right internal mammary artery. One left internal mammary artery was lost due to intimal dissection. The Harmonic Scalpel-related morbidity was transient left phrenic palsy in one case and mild heat injury at the skin incision in the majority of cases. One Patient (2.2%) expired due to ischemic bowel on the second postoperative day. At a mean of 9 months follow-up, 45 alive patients have been free of angina. Doppler studies revealed diastolic augmentation of the graft flow velocity in 22 left and two right internal mammary arteries on the second or third postoperative day and 23 left and five right internal mammary arteries 3 and 6 months after operation. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvest is feasible and facilitated by the use of the Harmonic Scalpel. Early results of this technique are encouraging. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Applying algorithm animation techniques for program tracing, debugging, and understanding

Algorithm animation presents a dynamic visualization of an algorithm or program. This work seeks to bridge the two domains of data structure display and algorithm animation. The application-specific nature of algorithm animation views could be a valuable debugging aid for software developers. A system called Lens was developed that allows programmers to rapidly develop animations of their programs. Lens supports application-specific semantic program views as seen in many algorithm animation systems, but does not require graphics programming. Lens is integrated with a system debugger to support iterative testing and refinement. The authors describe the conceptual model on which Lens is based, illustrate how program animations are built with Lens, and outline some of the implementation challenges the system presents. >
Reproductive deficiencies in transgenic mice expressing the rat inhibin alpha-subunit gene.

Inhibin is an important modulator of reproductive function at both the endocrine level, through its regulation of pituitary FSH biosynthesis, and at the paracrine and autocrine levels, as an intragonadal regulatory factor. To investigate the in vivo actions of inhibin in FSH regulation and gonadal function, transgenic mice that overexpress the rat inhibin α-subunit gene were generated. A transgene that includes the mouse metallothionein-I gene promoter (MT-α) fused to the rat inhibin α-subunit precursor coding sequences was used to produce three lines of transgenic mice. Transgene mRNA is expressed in numerous tissues, including the pituitary, liver, testis, ovary, and kidney. Inhibin α-subunit protein was also increased in transgenic pituitary and ovary. Serum inhibin α-subunit levels are highly increased compared with control mice. Inhibinβ A- and βB-subunit protein amounts are lower in transgenic ovaries compared with wild type, although serum levels of activin A are not significantly reduced in transg...
Dynamic mean field theory of condensation and evaporation processes for fluids in porous materials: Application to partial drying and drying

We study the dynamics of evaporation for lattice gas models of fluids in porous materials using a recently developed dynamic mean field theory. The theory yields a description of the dynamics that is consistent with the mean field theory of the thermodynamics at equilibrium. The nucleation processes associated with phase changes in the pore are emergent features of the dynamics. Our focus is on situations where there is partial drying or drying in the system, associated with weakly attractive or repulsive interactions between the fluid and the pore walls. We consider two systems in this work: (i) a two-dimensional slit pore geometry relevant to the study of adsorption/desorption or intrusion/extrusion dynamics for fluids in porous materials and (ii) a three dimensional slit pore modeling a pair of square plates in a bath of liquid as used in recent theoretical studies of dewetting processes between hydrophobic surfaces. We assess the theory by comparison with a higher order approximation to the dynamics that yields the Bethe-Peierls or quasi-chemical approximation at equilibrium.
DIFFERENTIAL B AND C FIBRE BLOCK BY AN AMIDE-AND AN ESTER-LINKED LOCAL ANAESTHETIC

SUMMARY The relative sensitivity of sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic axons, B and C fibres, respectively, to two structurally dissimilar local anaesthetics was examined. The concentration of amethocaine (ester-linked tertiary amine) or prilocaine (amide-linked secondary amine) required to reduce the B fibre compound action potential by 50% was one-third of the concentration required to depress the C fibre potential to a similar extent. Both local anaesthetic agents also slowed the action potential propagation through B fibres more than through C fibres. Similar results have been reported previously for lignocaine (amide-linked tertiary amine).
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein K(gK) is essential for viral corneal spread and neuroinvasiveness.

Purpose: To determine the role of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein K(gK) in corneal infection, neuroinvasion, and virus latency in trigeminal ganglia of mice. Methods: The recombinant virus HSV-1 (McKrae) Δ gK (MKΔ gK) carrying a deletion of the gK gene was constructed by insertional/deletion mutagenesis and replaced by a gene cassette constitutively expressing the enhanced green fluorescence protein. The gK deletion of the MKΔ gK virus was rescued to produce the wild-type-like virus MKgK. Balb/c mice were infected ocularly with either virus, and the infection pattern in the eye, clinical disease progression, and establishment of viral latency was monitored. Results: Mice infected with the MKΔ gK strain produced in a gK complementing cell line did not exhibit clinical signs when compared with mice infected with the MKgK virus. Direct visualization of infected eyes revealed that the MKΔ gK virus was unable to spread in mouse corneas, while the MKgK rescued virus spread efficiently. Nineteen of 2...
Pannenberg, Particularity and Eschatology: Shifting the Debate

Wolfhart Pannenberg's account of the eschatological transition in his Systematic Theology describes how human beings are transformed by passing through a purifying fire that destroys whatever in them is incompatible with the life of God. I argue that this representation of human transformation renders individual existence too discontinuous between life as it now is and the life to come, makes redeemed interhuman sociality unimportant, and transforms access to salvation for non-Christians into a matter of works. As a result, Pannenberg cannot preserve the kind of particularity he needs for his own theological aims: ensuring the significance of history, affirming finitude and developing a non-oppositional understanding of the relation between the finite and the infinite.
Temporal Modulation of the Control Parameter in Electroconvection in the Nematic Liquid Crystal I52

I report on the effects of a periodic modulation of the control parameter on electroconvection in the nematic liquid crystal I52. Without modulation, the primary bifurcation from the uniform state is a direct transition to a state of spatiotemporal chaos. This state is the result of the interaction of four degenerate traveling modes: right and left zig and zag rolls. Periodic modulations of the driving voltage at approximately twice the traveling frequency are used. For a large enough modulation amplitude, standing waves that consist of only zig or zag rolls are stabilized. The standing waves exhibit regular behavior in space and time. Therefore, modulation of the control parameter represents a method of eliminating spatiotemporal chaos. As the modulation frequency is varied away from twice the traveling frequency, standing waves that are a superposition of zig and zag rolls, i.e., standing rectangles, are observed. These results are compared with existing predictions based on coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations.
Urban consumers' attitudes towards locally grown produce

In areas where farmland is under heavy development pressure but where farms are too small to compete in major marketing channels with larger farms in other regions, producers must use channels that capitalize on their proximity to consumers. This advantage is greatest for fresh fruits and vegetables, provided farmers understand their urban customers' purchasing preferences. This study interviewed more than 600 customers at farmers' markets and supermarkets in six urban and suburban communities in eastern Massachusetts and at agricultural fairs. Respondents were asked about their reasons for purchasing fruits and vegetables at various sites, about their preferences, if any, for produce grown locally, and about changes that might cause them to purchase more local produce. The results suggest that for local origin to be taken into account by consumers, the produce should be sold in a locally oriented environment, e.g., a farmers' market. Although the particular supermarkets in this study featured locally grown produce in their advertising, this seems to have had little effect on consumers' buying. Conversely, consumers' highly favorable opinion of farmers' markets involved several factors besides the localness of the produce in a purely geographic sense. These included the pleasant environment, the (presumed) short time since the produce was picked, and the opportunity to purchase directly from the producer in a face-to-face transaction.
The role of the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the acute toxicosis of methyllycaconitine in mice.

The adverse physiological effects of methyllycaconitine (MLA) have been attributed to its competitive antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Recent research suggested a correlation between the lethal dose (LD50) of MLA and the amount of α7 nAChR in various mouse strains, suggesting that mice with more α7 nAChR require more MLA to be poisoned. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of the α7 subunit in the acute toxicosis of MLA by evaluating the acute toxicity of MLA in mice lacking the α7 subunit. The LD50 values for MLA were 4.2 ± 0.9, 3.7 ± 1.1 and 3.3 ± 0.9 mg kg–1 body weight (BW) for wild-type, heterozygous knockout and homozygous knockout mice, respectively. We also evaluated the response of anabasine in these mice. The LD50 values for anabasine were 1.6 ± 0.3, 2.0 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.3 mg kg–1 BW for wild-type, heterozygous knockout and homozygous knockout mice, respectively. The protein expresson of various nAChR subunits was compared to determine if mice lacking the α7 subunit compensate by over expressing other nAChR subunits. There were no significant differences in the protein expression of the α3, α4, α5, β2 and β4 subunits amongst the three genotypes of mice in brain or skeletal muscle. The results of this study suggest that α7 nAChR does not play an integral role in the acute toxicosis of MLA or anabasine. Consequently other nAChR subunits of nAChRs found in the neuromuscular junction are probably the primary target for MLA and anabasine resulting in acute toxicosis. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Absence of circulating chorionic gonadotropin in wearers of intrauterine contraceptive devices

Daily measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) beta subunit, luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone were carried out in 24 subjects wearing intrauterine contraceptive devices. Detectable HCG was not found in any subject, but in four subjects delayed LH pulses resulted in apparent low levels of HCG because of cross-reactivity in the HCG beta subunit radioimmunoassay.
The Emergence and Struggling Years of Regional Science

Early Developments and Significant Recognition of Location Theory The following academic year, 1943–44, this son spent in Washington, D.C. Based upon a strong recommendation by Professor Alvin H. Hansen he had been awarded a highly coveted Social Science Research Council fellowship. To pursue further his location analysis and studies, he was attached to the National Resources Planning Board in Washington D.C. His advisor was Ernest Williams with whom he had stimulating discussions; and as a result he came to view Location and Transportation as the two sides of the same coin. Transportation analysis deepens location analysis and vice versa, and as a consequence both transportation and location models became basic in later regional science research.
What is new in the management of salivary gland cancers

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Salivary gland malignancies are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors with considerable variability in their natural history. Historically they have been treated with surgery and radiation therapy. It is only recently that there has been any growth in our understanding of these diseases and their management, and this progress will be reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a considerable increase in the utilization of the PET scan in the staging of many malignancies. Reports are now emerging of the successful use of PET or PET/CT for the salivary gland cancers as well. The recent identification of characteristic molecular signatures in specific histologic subtypes of salivary gland cancer has sparked interest in the potential for better diagnostic classification and more specific, molecularly targeted therapies. These are being intensively explored. Although the systemic management of these diseases has historically involved a number of relatively ineffective chemotherapeutic agents, newer and more promising schedules of chemotherapy and radiation are now being tested. SUMMARY Although the salivary gland cancers are uncommon, our growing understanding of their unique biologic characteristics is paving the way toward specific and personalized treatment. Enrollment of these patients onto carefully designed clinical trials is critical.
Aldicarb Residues in Potatoes

When a 10% granular formulation of aldicarb was applied at rates of 0.453, 0.907, and 1.360 kg active ingredient/acre to soil in which potatoes were grown, and the days between planting and treatment and between treatment and sampling were varied, residues in potatoes ranged from 0.20 to 0.04 ppm at harvest. When two 3-lb treatments were applied, residues ranged from 0.38 to 0.06 ppm at harvest. Analysis of the peeled potato and potato peeling showed that the residue at the 95% probability level had a small but significantly higher residue in the peel. Baking the potato did not destroy the residue.
Successful management of a posttraumatic pancreatic fistula with somatostatin analog in a young child

The use of somatostatin to manage a persistent posttraumatic pancreatic fistula in a young child has not been previously reported. A 3-year-old, 20-kg female who sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen causing mesenteric, duodenal, and pancreatic injuries developed a posttraumatic pancreatic pseudocyst treated with external drainage. An external pancreatic fistula developed that was refractory to management with bowel rest and hyperalimentation. Synthetic somatostatin analog was administered subcutaneously over 11 days with a progressive decrease in fistula output. After 4 days the fistula output ceased and ultrasound examination documented that there were no undrained fluid collections. At 3-month follow-up she has remained completely asymtomatic, tolerating a regular diet without recurrence of the pseudocyst, and her serum amylase, liver function studies, and blood sugar values are normal. This case report demonstrates that external pancreatic fistulas in children can be successfully treated non-operatively with somatostatin analog.
The Effect of Videoconferencing on Code Blue Simulation Training

Abstract Background Acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills is vital for cardiac arrest survival. Thus, it is important to train code teams for safe and efficient delivery of such care. Method A quantitative design compared performance of two groups related to outcomes of basic life support/advanced cardiac life support resuscitation skills, and perception of learning and confidence. The control group utilized in situ training, and the experimental group trained using videoconferencing. Results The experimental group had statically significantly higher skills performance scores and reported greater perceived learning and confidence. Conclusions Incorporating videoconferencing into simulation practice may be an effective strategy to enhance learning.
Discussion of Connection between Nozzle of Equipment and Piping in Piping Layout Design Stipulated in Standards

Various connection types from nozzles on equipment to piping were briefly introduced in this article.With the analysis for various problems appeared in practical engineering,several national and international standards relevant to these connections were compared.Then,it was pointed out in the article which standards can be interchanged so as to help engineers avoid the problems in connection.From the analysis,the importance of standards in design was emphasized.
Design Scheme of Directory-based Cooperative Cache in CMP

One of the key factors that affects the performance of Chip MultiProcessors(CMP) is the design and management of L2 cache.This paper proposes the design method of cooperative caching using central coherence directory hardware based on private L2 cache,which can manage on-chip storage resources more efficiently to improve the performance of CMP.This cooperative caching combines the lower average memory access latency of private cache and the lower miss rate of shared cache,it also has strong scalability.Experimental result shows that on the average,the cooperative caching increases the IPC by 13.5%,compared with shared L2 cache,and the hardware overhead is about 8.1%.
Treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.

Successful treatment of children with soft tissue sarcomas requires the utilization of both proper diagnostic studies and the intensive application of multimodal therapy provided by an experienced pediatric cancer treatment team. The details of these current techniques are described.
Performance metrics for low probability of detection in cooperative communication networks

This paper proposes two metrics for evaluating the low probability of detection (LPD) performance in cooperative wireless communication networks. One metric is the distance ration between the minimum range of all the interceptor-relay/transmitter pairs and the intended transmitter-destination distance. Another is the ratio between the average range of all interceptor-relay/transmitter pairs and the intended transmitter-destination distance. The two metrics are compared with the distance ratio defined for the point-to-point communication systems with a simple relay network topology. The results show that the cooperative networks exhibit worse LPD performance than the point-to-point systems when the same receivers are used in both cooperative network and point-to-point system.
The challenges of managing eating disorders in your office

Caring for a patient with an eating disorder can seem daunting. It doesn't have to be if you follow these practical guidelines.
Quaternions as a tool for the analysis of molecular systems

Quaternions are generalized complex numbers and represent rotations in space as ordinary complex numbers represent rotations in a plane. In the context of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations they have been ‘rediscovered’ for the integration of the rotational equation of motion of rigid molecules since they allow one to write down these equations in a singularity-free form. In this paper applications to the analysis of molecular systems are described.
Hyperacetylation of Microtubules in Mesenchymal Cells Increases Cytokeratin 14–Positive Epithelial Progenitors in Developing Salivary Glands

Cells engage in bidirectional communication with their surroundings. This reciprocal dialogue between cells and their cellular microenvironments often governs the maintenance and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. Here, the authors present evidence that in developing salivary gland explants, a single posttranslational change in microtubules in mesenchymal cells alters the mesenchymal microenvironment and promotes the maintenance and differentiation of a subset of epithelial progenitor cells that impairs branching morphogenesis. Specifically, the authors report that hyperacetylation of microtubules in mesenchymal cells increased cytokeratin 14–positive (K14+) progenitors and their differentiated progeny, myoepithelial cells, in epithelial basal and suprabasal layers in the distal endbud region of developing salivary glands. Mechanistically, this process engages the transforming growth factor β1 protein and Notch signaling pathways. This report establishes that a simple posttranslational change in th...
Genetic and Genomic Approaches to Acute Lung Injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome influenced by genetic and environmental factors, therefore, it is important to examine genetic variants, transcriptional profiles, and epigenetic marks in this disease. This chapter will focus on study design for genome-wide level analysis of genetic variants, coding and noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic marks; methods for genomic analysis and focused approaches for validation of genomic hits and independent replication; and progress that has been made to date in ALI with specific focus on human studies. At the end of the chapter, future directions and integrative analyses of these datasets, together with additional –omic data not discussed in this chapter (microbiome, metabolome, proteome) are discussed briefly.
The Renal Handling of Magnesium

In the last decade, the use of micropuncture and microperfusion techniques have further advanced our knowledge of the renal handling of magnesium in health and disease. The purpose of this paper is to review (i) the renal handling of magnesium, (ii) the role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and treatment of renal calculi, and (iii) the role of magnesium depletion in the pathogenesis of hypocalcemia.
Use of a Split-Plot Analysis of Variance Design for Repeated-Measures Fishery Data

Abstract We present a repeated-measures split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) design that can be used to analyze fisheries data collected throughout time from fixed sampling stations. A high percentage (97%) of authors who published papers in the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society and the North American Journal of Fisheries Management during the past 10 years did not use repeated-measures ANOVA for analyzing their data when this technique was appropriate. When data are collected from fixed stations throughout time, the assumption that independent samples are randomly collected from the population is violated for simple ANOVA. Fixed stations may display population characteristics specific to that location, and environmental change or a management practice may influence stations differently. In addition, multiple measurements collected at a fixed station throughout time will likely be correlated. For a dependent variable of interest, a repeated-measures split-plot design will partition the var...
Abstract 156: Hydrogel Mattress, an in vitro Platform to Enhance Maturation and Evaluate Contractile Function of Individual hiPSC-CMs

Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have great potential as tools for human heart disease modeling and drug discovery. However, their contractile properties have not been routinely evaluated; as current methods are not accessible for most laboratories. We sought to develop a more efficient method to evaluate hiPSC-CM mechanical properties, at the single cell level. Individual hiPSC-CMs were cultured on a hydrogel based platform, termed the “hydrogel mattress,” and their cellular contractile properties evaluated using video-based edge detection. We found that hiPSC-CMs maintained on the mattress reproducibly exhibited robust cell shortening, in dramatic contrast to hiPSC-CMs maintained in a standard manner. We further found that contraction and peak cell shortening amplitude of hiPSC-CMs on mattress was comparable to that of freshly isolated adult ventricular mouse CM. Importantly, hiPSC-CMs maintained on the mattress exhibited several characteristics of a native CM, in terms of myocyte elongation, calcium handling and pharmacological response. Finally, using this platform, we could calculate the traction force generated by individual CMs. In summary, the Hydrogel mattress platform is a simple and reliable in vitro platform that not only enables the quantification of contractile performance of isolated hiPSC-CMs, but also enhances CM maturation. This flexible platform can be extended to in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery and cardiotoxicity testing.
Home supply of emergency oral steroids and reduction in asthma healthcare utilization.

Objective To determine if children with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma have decreased healthcare utilization after receiving a prescription and instructions to use an at home emergency supply of oral steroids during asthma exacerbations. Methods A quasi-experimental design study with a historical control from retrospective chart review was performed for patients aged 2-18 years seen in a tertiary care pediatric pulmonary clinic for moderate to severe persistent asthma. Baseline utilization of the emergency department, inpatient hospital, and pediatric intensive care unit for asthma exacerbations was collected from 24 months prior to initial prescription for at home steroids and compared with 12 months post-intervention using Poisson Regression. A subgroup analysis was performed for ages 6-18 evaluating school age children alone. Results Patients (N = 132) were averaged 10 years ± 3.9 years of age and 57% of patients were male. Emergency Department visit rates significantly declined in the 12 months after receiving a prescription and instructions for home emergency steroid supply compared with the 12 months prior to this intervention (0.39 visits/patient/year vs 0.67, P < 0.01). There was a trend for a decline in inpatient (0.27 visits/patient/year vs 0.11, P = 0.09) and pediatric intensive care unit stay rates (0.11 visits/patient/year vs 0.05, P = 0.06). A subgroup analysis of ages 6-18 found similar results. Conclusions Incorporation of home emergency oral steroids into the home management plan of children with moderate-to-severe asthma can reduce asthma related Emergency Department visits.