cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Results of an Experimental Study of Oscillating Fence Actuators on a Stationary and Pitch Oscillating Wing

Initial experiments have been conducted to develop methods to characterize ∞ow behavior past stationary and oscillating airfoils for assessment of oscillating fence actuators. In particular, the oscillating fence on a NACA-23012 airfoil has been examined using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and time resolved pressure measurements. Fences and other actuators (eg. synthetic jets) are attractive alternatives to current methods used for ∞utter suppression due to their low power requirement. Such ∞ows are di‐cult because phase averaged measurements require phase locking on both the airfoil position and the fence position (dual phase locking). A bin averaging technique was validated using oscillating fence on stationary airfoil and was successfully implemented as an alternative to dual phase locking for the case of oscillating fence on oscillating airfoil. Pressure measurements over the stationary airfoil with oscillating fence show the formation of a structure with a footprint very similar to that of a vortex whose strength decays rapidly as it convects downstream. Phase locked PIV measurements show formation of two distinct zones, of positive and negative vorticity, as the fence enters the ∞ow. As the fence retracts the structures detach and decay rapidly. Bin averaged pressure distributions for the oscillating airfoil show that pressure ∞uctuations due to the fence appear to be superimposed on that of the baseline oscillating airfoil with no fence. It was also observed that the magnitude of the pressure ∞uctuations due to the fence depend somewhat on the instantaneous airfoil position but depend little on the direction of oscillation (whether increasing or decreasing fi). PIV measurements showed formation, detachment, and decay of the structures is very similar to those for the stationary airfoil, but the structures are comparatively stronger and convect slower.
Pkejudice and Racial Identity among White Latter-Day Saint College Students: An Exploratory Study

Summary.-Previous research has documented increases in racial tolerance of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons or LDS). In the present study, 211 LDS college students held predominantly tolerant attitudes on racial identity which were similar to those of 78 non-LDS peers; however, the LDS subjects expressed more naivete, curiosity, and confusion regarding black people and black culture. In 1978 the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), more commonly known as the Mormon church, announced a doctrinal change which allowed black individuals to hold priesthood offices. A social scientist evaluating the racial prejudice of young LDS members prior to and then following this announcement reported a sharp increase in the acceptance of black people on a measure of social distance (Kunz, 1979). This finding of higher tolerance among white LDS college students was then replicated 10 years later (Kunz & Yaw, 1989), leading to a conclusion that LDS members are similar to non-LDS samples in their acceptance of indviduals from other racial-ethnic backgrounds. Unfortunately, despite calls for evaluation of LDS prejudice toward black persons (Mauss, 1984), no study has been located in which LDS members have been compared with non-LDS samples. Theories of development of white racial identity (e.g., Helms, 1990) offer an intriguing context for such study because these emphasize how white persons often define their own racial identity in relation to other raciallethnic groups, i.e., ethnocentrism and ~rejudice. In the present study for a sample of LDS and non-LDS college students in Utah scores were compared on a measure of development of white racial identity, including their prejudice toward black persons. A total of 303 participants who idendied themselves as white (of European descent), whose ages ranged from 18 to 27 years (M=20.6), and who were raised predominantly in middle-class homes (71%) were recruited from introductory social science classes at Utah State University. Of these, 183 were women; 211 acknowledged membership in the LDS church and 78 in
“Marketing Strategy and Differential Advantage”: A Comment:

This article critiques the “new paradigm of marketing strategies” proposed by Cook (JM, Spring 1983). It is shown that his formulation of the strategic marketing ambition and differential advantage...
Wafer Level Three-Dimensional Integration Technology for MEMS

Presumably the 21st century will see an advanced information society in which multimedia equipment is in common use. One of the basic technologies that support MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), a new idea called “electronic systems integration”for practical application of an integrated block in which many different elements including not only electronic circuits but also sensors and actuators are combined, using Si wafers as basic elements. With today's MEMS, the problems of suppressing delay in signal transmission and heat generation are highlighted, and intensive investigations are being conducted on such methods as three-dimensional packaging to miniaturize low-resistance Cu trenches (Damascene) and low-permittivity layer insulation films and wires. The problem with waferlevel three-dimensional packaging is how to carry out wiring between upper and lower wafers at the time of stacking. In the past practice, stacked wafers were connected through inner bumps formed on the through-hole interconnections. However, the bumps had to be polished to make them uniform in height because they were difficult to form with a uniform height. In order to solve this problem, we developed a technology of wiring wafers to each other by the molten metal suction method after stacking them in several layers in the three-dimensional direction, i.e., we succeeded in connecting wafers without bumps. The purpose of the present paper is to introduce this technology.
[33] Vaccinia virus systems for expression of Gα genes in S49 cells

In this chapter, we describe the use of recombinant VV to express G alpha subunits efficiently in S49 cyc- cells, a murine lymphoma cell line deficient in endogenous Gs alpha activity. Additional studies have shown that VV infection does not interfere with G-protein-coupled signal transduction events. In particular, the VV-expressed rat Gs alpha subunit is able to mediate efficient receptor-dependent and receptor-independent activation of adenylyl cyclase in cyc- cells. This system should therefore be useful for rapidly assessing the activity of modified or chimeric Gs alpha subunits.
Transcriptional regulation of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) gene by iron

Abstract Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was first identified in cells from patients with hairy cell leukaemia. Subsequently, it has been found in other leukaemias, B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, osteoclasts and subsets of normal lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes. Recent data indicate that TRAP and porcine uteroferrin, a placental iron-transport protein, represent a single gene product. However, the intracellular role of TRAP is unknown. We used a full-length human placental TRAP cDNA probe to examine TRAP expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PMCs). TRAP mRNA increased 50-75-fold after 24 h in unstimulated PMC cultures. Cell-fractionation experiments indicated that monocytes were the main cell population accounting for increased TRAP mRNA transcripts, and this was confirmed by histochemical staining for TRAP enzyme activity. Because expression of other iron-binding and -transport proteins is controlled by iron availability, we examined the role of iron in regulating TRAP expression. Increase of TRAP mRNA transcripts in PMCs was inhibited by 50 microM desferrioxamine, a potent iron chelator. The 5' flanking region of the TRAP gene was cloned from a mouse genomic library. In preliminary transient transfection experiments, it was determined that the 5'-flanking region of the TRAP gene contained iron-responsive elements. Therefore, a series of stably transfected HRE H9 cell lines was developed bearing genetic constructs containing various segments of the murine TRAP 5' promoter region driving a luciferase reporter gene. Treatment of transfectants with 100 micrograms/ml iron-saturated human transferrin (FeTF) was performed to assess iron responsiveness of the constructs. Constructs containing a full-length TRAP promoter (comprising base pairs -1846 to +2) responded to FeTF with a 4-5-fold increase of luciferase activity whereas constructs containing only base pairs -363 to +2 of the TRAP promoter did not respond. Constructs containing 1240 or 881 bp of the TRAP promoter gave only a 1.5- to 2-fold increase of luciferase activity with FeTF. In all cases, increase of luciferase activity was blocked by desferrioxamine. Cells transfected with another luciferase construct driven by a simian virus 40 promoter did not show any increase of luciferase activity with FeTF. These data indicate that expression of TRAP is regulated by iron and that this regulation is exerted at the level of gene transcription. The transfection experiments also suggest that the region of the TRAP 5'-flanking sequence between base pairs -1846 and -1240 contains an iron regulatory element.
An application of the temporal difference algorithm to the truck backer-upper problem

We use a reinforcement learning approach to learn a real world control problem, the truck backer-upper problem. In this problem, a tractor trailer truck must be backed into a loading dock from an arbi- trary location and orientation. Our approach uses the temporal difference algorithm using a neural network as the value function approximator. The novelty of this work is the simplicity of our implementation, yet it is able to successfully back the truck into the loading dock from random initial locations and orientations.
Diet and the Risk of Breast Cancer

This article presents a review of the epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between breast cancer risk and nutritional factors. Particular attention is given to the relationship between breast cancer and dietary fats. Other factors discussed include intake of alcohol, micronutrients, and caffeine.
Powerlessness of a Number: Why Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Matters Less for Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Assessment.

The national burden of sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains high at an annual incidence estimated at 183 000 and continues to account for a disproportionately elevated fraction of all cardiovascular deaths.1,2 Despite therapeutic advances in the treatment of coronary heart disease and heart failure and emphasis on SCD primary prevention with prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), SCD accounts for 2.04 million or 40% to 50% of the potential years of life lost because of all premature cardiac death.2 SCD exceeds all noncardiac causes of death except overall cancer and accidents.2 However, it is well recognized that our current approach to SCD risk stratification that relies on a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 35% account for the highest absolute number of SCDs, comprising 70% to 80% of those who experience SCD.5,6 See Article by Pontone et al LVEF is an inadequate surrogate for the underlying myocardial phenotype predisposing to SCD.7 The same LVEF can represent multiple cardiomyopathic derangements. Although a powerful predictor of total and non-SCD mortality, it has limited specificity for SCD. No LVEF cutoff discriminates between sudden and nonsudden modes of cardiac death.5,6,8 In fact, LVEF is not directly related to mechanisms of arrhythmia and can be subject to considerable spontaneous variability in individuals.5 Myocardial fibrosis is a major pathophysiologic determinant …
Mycotoxins - Their Biosynthesis in Alternaria

Alternaria produce a wide assortment of toxic and nontoxic secondary metabolites. A brief summary of the numerous secondary metabolites of Alternaria and their toxicity is followed by a presentation of the current view of the polyketide biosynthetic mechanism and its application to the biosynthesis of these compounds. Possible mechanisms for the biosynthesis of alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, and other dibenzo-α-pyrones are presented, as well as mechanisms for the biosynthesis of tenuazonic acid and altertoxin I. Bioregulation of the production of these materials by light, heat, nutrients and NADPH production, and the role of mannitol in NADPH formation are also discussed.
Performance evaluation of SiC MOSFETs with long power cable and induction motor

Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs, as wide-bandgap semiconductor device, has capability to switch at much higher frequency in comparison with their silicon (Si) counterparts. Industrial motor drive is usually connected to induction motor with long shielded cable. This long shielded cable introduces parasitics such as stray inductance and capacitance to the system, which affects SiC MOSFETs performance for inverter side and reflected wave transient overvoltage on motor terminals. In this paper, switching performance of SiC MOSFETs is systematically studied under different length of cables with both inductor load and induction motor load. Compared with standard DPT, turn on and turn off current ringing decays slower with longer cable which leads to 20% higher switching loss. Long cable also contributes to longer turn off time at low current. Furthermore, a theoretical reflected wave model with SiC MOSFETs based inverter is presented to estimate motor terminal voltage. A much higher dv/dt caused by SiC MOSFETs fast switching results in more strict requirements for both motor and cable selection. The test shows motor transient voltage achieved twice DC bus voltage with 100ft cable under single pulse condition. If pulse width modulation (PWM) is not adjusted properly, motor voltage may shoot up to 3∼4 times DC bus voltage. The potential solutions for switching performance improvement and reflected wave are also discussed and provided in this paper.
Stimulation-Produced Analgesia

Stimulation-produced analgesia is a concept that has been in use for many years, from the use of acupuncture by the Chinese thousands of years ago to the modern implantable spinal cord stimulators that are common in pain practice today. Described in this chapter are the current methods in pain management that employ this useful tool in providing analgesia to our patients.
Bringing the M out in STEM: Revising an engineering task

This paper describes the revision of an engineering design task to better integrate mathematics content and practices. After studying engineering and science inquiry group tasks, we found that mathematics content in the tasks was often hidden to students and could be made more explicit. We attempted to bridge the link between practices used with mathematics and practices used with science and engineering. We altered a Pill Coating engineering design task to promote modeling with mathematics. We realize that implementation of integrated STEM tasks can be difficult. Due to this difficulty, we provide some suggestions and implications for teachers. These suggestions include adding proper scaffolding and prompting discussions.
The Primary Language of the Human Brain

Abstract This paper is written within the scope of investigation of the structure of the Primary Language of the human brain as introduced by J. von Neumann in 1957. This is the first paper with comprehensive introduction to our hypothesis that the Primary Language is the Language of Visual Streams (LVS) that empowers all the human symbolic languages and sciences. The LVS is based on multiple thought experiments, which manifest themselves via visual streams. We introduce various types of streams including the communication and internal streams as well as mundane and science streams. The communication streams include the expression and impression streams. The expression streams pass information from the internal streams to the outer world via converting it into the strings of symbols. The science streams may generate new knowledge because they include the discovery streams controlled by the Algorithm of Discovery (AD). The streams can run concurrently and exchange information between each other. The streams may initiate additional thought experiments, program them, and execute them in due course. The streams are focused employing several types of reasoning including proximity and mosaic reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a discovery program that consists of a series of thought experiments in a way that every experiment either builds new theme of visual streams or utilizes themes built previously.
Quantifying population-level health benefits and harms of e-cigarette use in the United States.

Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may help cigarette smokers quit smoking, yet they may also facilitate cigarette smoking for never-smokers. We quantify the balance of health benefits and harms associated with e-cigarette use at the population level. Methods and findings Monte Carlo stochastic simulation model. Model parameters were drawn from census counts, national health and tobacco use surveys, and published literature. We calculate the expected years of life gained or lost from the impact of e-cigarette use on smoking cessation among current smokers and transition to long-term cigarette smoking among never smokers for the 2014 US population cohort. Results The model estimated that 2,070 additional current cigarette smoking adults aged 25–69 (95% CI: -42,900 to 46,200) would quit smoking in 2015 and remain continually abstinent from smoking for ≥7 years through the use of e-cigarettes in 2014. The model also estimated 168,000 additional never-cigarette smoking adolescents aged 12–17 and young adults aged 18–29 (95% CI: 114,000 to 229,000), would initiate cigarette smoking in 2015 and eventually become daily cigarette smokers at age 35–39 through the use of e-cigarettes in 2014. Overall, the model estimated that e-cigarette use in 2014 would lead to 1,510,000 years of life lost (95% CI: 920,000 to 2,160,000), assuming an optimistic 95% relative harm reduction of e-cigarette use compared to cigarette smoking. As the relative harm reduction decreased, the model estimated a greater number of years of life lost. For example, the model estimated-1,550,000 years of life lost (95% CI: -2,200,000 to -980,000) assuming an approximately 75% relative harm reduction and -1,600,000 years of life lost (95% CI: -2,290,000 to -1,030,000) assuming an approximately 50% relative harm reduction. Conclusions Based on the existing scientific evidence related to e-cigarettes and optimistic assumptions about the relative harm of e-cigarette use compared to cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use currently represents more population-level harm than benefit. Effective national, state, and local efforts are needed to reduce e-cigarette use among youth and young adults if e-cigarettes are to confer a net population-level benefit in the future.
The Intended Curriculum: Nature as Represented in a Science Textbook

This chapter is a reprint of our paper on human-nature relationships in school science that was published in 2015 in the journal Science Education. It explores how the language of science textbooks works to represent the world for students in distinct ways that have serious implications for their ecological literacy. Using a methodological framework based on critical discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics, we focus on clarifying the textual representations of the relationships between natural and social systems as portrayed in a seventh-grade science textbook that is widely adopted in middle schools in Georgia, United States. Results indicate that this science textbook offers outdated representations of natural systems’ relationships with social systems and the role of human agency in these relationships. We discuss implications of these textual representations and call for reformed science textbooks that underscore the ecological embeddedness of the social world.
Steroid-Induced Psychosis in the Pediatric Population: A New Case and Review of the Literature

Abstract Objectives: Iatrogenic steroid-induced psychosis is a rare but serious adverse side effect seen largely in the adult population that less commonly affects children and adolescents. Given the significant distress steroid-induced psychosis may cause, recommendations are needed for effective management. Here we conducted a systematic review of the literature and report a new case of steroid-induced psychosis in a 12-year-old patient. Methods: We performed a systematic search using Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and PsychInfo. Key terms included (“steroid induced” or “corticosteroid induced” or “glucocorticoid induced”) and (“psychosis” or “hallucinations” or “delusions”) and (“child” or “adolescent” or “pediatric”). A total of 15 articles of steroid-induced psychosis in children and adolescents were found in the scientific literature. This report includes those articles and a novel case of steroid-induced psychosis. Results: Children with asthma, autoimmune diseases, and cancer have been reported to experi...
Nutrient transport suggests an evolutionary basis for charged archaeal surface layer proteins

Surface layers (S-layers) are two-dimensional, proteinaceous, porous lattices that form the outermost cell envelope component of virtually all archaea and many bacteria. Despite exceptional sequence diversity, S-layer proteins (SLPs) share important characteristics such as their ability to form crystalline sheets punctuated with nano-scale pores, and their propensity for charged amino acids, leading to acidic or basic isoelectric points. However, the precise function of S-layers, or the role of charged SLPs and how they relate to cellular metabolism is unknown. Nano-scale lattices affect the diffusion behavior of low-concentration solutes, even if they are significantly smaller than the pore size. Here, we offer a rationale for charged S-layer proteins in the context of the structural evolution of S-layers. Using the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as a model for S-layer geometry, and a 2D electrodiffusion reaction computational framework to simulate diffusion and consumption of the charged solute ammonium (NH4+), we find that the characteristic length scales of nanoporous S-layers elevate the concentration of NH4+ in the pseudo-periplasmic space. Our simulations suggest an evolutionary, mechanistic basis for S-layer charge and shed light on the unique ability of some AOA to oxidize ammonia in environments with nanomolar NH4+ availability, with broad implications for comparisons of ecologically distinct populations.
Travel Patterns and Spatial Mapping in Nicaraguan Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata)

SUMMARY In this study, we examined questions of spatial memory and the travel routestaken by Nicaraguan mantled howler monkeys ( Alouatta palliata ) when mov-ing between major feeding and resting sites. Studies of primate foraging andrangingbehaviorindicateevidenceofgoal-directedtravelandrelativelystraight-line movement between sequential feeding sites. In the case of mantled howlerson BCI, Panama, Milton (1980) has argued that over the course of severalweeks, group members center their feeding, resting, and ranging activities ona small set of pivotal trees that are visited several times daily. The degree towhich howlers use topological (route-based) spatial representations or geomet-ric (coordinate-based) spatial representations to locate and revisit these feedingand resting sites remains unclear.In order to address questions concerning goal-directed travel and spatialmemory, we mapped the travel routes taken by a troop of 26–29 mantledhowlersinhabitingEstaci´onBiol´ogicadeOmetepelocatedonIsladeOmetepe,Nicaragua. Behavioral data were collected during July and August 2002. Overthe course of 15 days and 103 h of observation, all trees the howlers wereobserved to travel, feed, and rest in were marked (
Bedside Automation for the Critically Ill Patient

During the past decade there has been a great proliferation of devices for bedside monitoring and treatment of the critically ill patient. While providing a potential for enhancing patient care, such devices also pose a problem to bedside personnel insofar as they necessitate additional time and attention and create a potential barrier to easy patient access. In an effort to reduce these demands in our clinical service, major efforts have been made to automate bedside procedures.
Socratic Questioning, Logic and Rhetoric

Analyse de la methode socratique du questionnement et de ses applications en tant que jeu strategique dans les « Topiques » d'Aristote, et modele methodologique de la logique, la dialectique et la rhetorique
Augmentation Cystoplasty and the Artificial Genitourinary Sphincter

AbstractIn 18 patients with urinary incontinence secondary to decreased bladder compliance and sphinc-teric incompetence, augmentation cystoplasty and the artificial genitourinary sphincter were com bined successfully to produce complete urinary control. Insertion of the sphincter was simultaneous with augmentation cystoplasty in 11 patients. In 6 patients the artificial sphincter was placed before augmentation cystoplasty. One patient underwent placement of a sphincter subsequent to entero-cystoplasty and failed Young-Dees reconstruction of the vesical neck. It is noteworthy that in all 6 patients who underwent sphincteric placement before bladder augmentation decreased bladder compliance and urinary incontinence developed with time, and upper tract deterioration developed in 2 patients. Fifteen patients empty the bladder by intermittent self-catheterization, and 3 teenagers void by relaxation of the pelvic musculature and abdominal straining. In selected patients with complex urinary incontinence augmen...
Microstructure and Micromechanical Response in Gas-Atomized Al 6061 Alloy Powder and Cold-Sprayed Splats

Gas-atomized Al 6061 powder was studied in as-atomized, heat-treated, and homogenized conditions, and low-coverage cold spray deposits were produced from these powders to allow individual splats to be investigated. The microstructures were investigated by electron microscopy, and the mechanical behavior of the particle/splat interiors was evaluated by the compression of micropillars milled from the samples. The as-atomized and heat-treated powders exhibit cell-like solidification microstructures with Mg-Si and Fe-Al-Si secondary phases around the cell boundaries. These powders have flow stresses of ≈ 185 MPa with pronounced strain bursts due to rapid, stochastic dislocation motion confined within the cells. In the homogenized powders, the Mg-Si phase has dissolved, the Fe-Al-Si has coarsened, and the grain boundaries have unpinned. The stress–strain curves are smoother due to the dissolution of cell boundary obstacles, but the flow stress is about 30 MPa higher due to the increased solute content giving more sluggish dislocation motion. The microstructures of the splat interiors resemble those of the powders closely, but the flow stresses measured are all much higher (280-290 MPa) with little effect of powder microstructure or deposition pressure. This is consistent with the high dislocation density reaching a saturation value in all of the splats studied.
Gender differences and program participation among prisoners with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders

We examine a nationally representative sample of state inmates with co-occurring disorders (CODs) to consider their background, and ascertain whether inmate gender is related to their access to men...
Unlike calorie restriction, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery does not increase hypothalamic AgRP and NPY in mice on a high-fat diet

Dieting often fails because weight loss triggers strong counter-regulatory biological responses such as increased hunger and hypometabolism that are thought to be critically dependent on the master fuel sensor in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Because prolonged starvation has been shown to increase AgRP and NPY, the expression level of these two orexigenic genes has been taken as an experimental readout for the presence or absence of hunger. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery leads to a significant weight loss without inducing the associated hunger, indicating possible changes in hypothalamic neuropeptides and/or signaling. Our goal was to assess key genes in the MBH involved in regulating body weight, appetite, and inflammation/oxidative stress after RYGB surgery in mice. Obese mice on a high-fat diet were subjected to either sham or RYGB surgery, or caloric restriction to match the weight of RYGB group. Chow-fed mice without surgery served as an additional control group. After 2 or 12 weeks post-surgery, hypothalamic genes were analyzed by real-time qPCR. During the rapid weight loss phase at 2 weeks after RYGB surgery, hypothalamic AgRP and NPY gene expression was not increased compared to mice with sham surgery, indicating that the mice are not hungry. In contrast, the same weight loss induced by caloric restriction promptly triggered increased AgRP and NPY expression. This differential effect of RYGB and caloric restriction was no longer observed during the weight-maintenance phase at 12 weeks after surgery. A similar differential effect was observed for ObRb, but not for POMC and CART expression. Furthermore, RAGE and IBA-1, two markers for inflammation/oxidative stress, were significantly suppressed after RYGB compared to caloric restriction at 2 weeks post-surgery. These findings suggest that RYGB prevents the biologically adaptive hunger response triggered by undernutrition and weight loss, and suppresses weight loss-induced hypothalamic inflammation markers.
Popular Culture and Democratic Practice

In this introduction to the study of popular culture in education, Nadine Dolby offers an insightful review of the literature informing this work. Her essay sets the tone and theme for this Special Issue, and begins to address why educators and educational researchers should pay particular attention to popular culture. Discussing the relevant literature and introducing readers to historical debates in the field, Dolby distinguishes between various understandings of popular culture and approaches to studying its relationship to education. Ultimately, Dolby argues, the importance of popular culture and its connection to education lies in the role it plays as a site for engaging in the process of democratic practice. She encourages educators to engage young people in a deep exploration of the multiple dimensions of popular culture and the public sphere, and highlights examples of this kind of engagement.
A Study on the Necessity of Integrating Games into College Physical Education

This paper summarizes the characteristics of college sports game teaching, summed up the positive impact of college sports game teaching. According to the present situation of sports game teaching in Colleges and universities, this paper puts forward some strategies for sports game teaching. I hope to be able to help some scholars to improve the level of teaching, and ultimately through the promotion of interest in physical education to enable students to achieve the role of physical fitness.
Construction of a Full-scale Electronic Model for Teaching Brachial Plexus Block

The authors describe the construction of an electronic model for teaching the supraclavicular and interscalene approaches to brachial plexus block. Realistic feedback is provided to indicate contact with the plexus or pleura. All components are readily available, and cost of construction should be less than $150 provided a skeleton is available to provide a frame for the model.
An analysis of the relationship between parenting self-efficacy, the quality of parenting, and parental and child emotional health

The relationship between parenting self-efficacy, the quality of parenting, and parental and child emotional health has been conducted with Caucasian families and young children. The purpose of thi...
Cold-related Florida manatee mortality in relation to air and water temperatures.

Many tropical and subtropical species are sensitive to sudden temperature changes, especially drops in temperature. During winters 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, unusually cold temperatures occurred in many parts of Florida, USA, resulting in increased mortality of Florida manatees, sea turtles, fish, corals, and other species. The Florida manatee, in particular, is highly susceptible to cold stress and death when water temperatures drop below 20°C. We sought to characterize the magnitude and timing of reports of cold-related manatee carcasses in relation to fluctuations in water and air temperatures in central-east and central-west Florida during the six winters from 2008 to 2014. We used a generalized linear model to predict counts of manatee carcasses with a cold-related cause of death reported over 7-day bins in relation to various short-term (two weeks or less) and cumulative (incrementally summed from the start of the winter) heating-degree-day effects (HDD; < 20°C) and a categorical winter variable. Using water temperature data, the top-ranked model in both regions included a short-term temperature effect (14-day HDD sum) that preceded increases in reports of cold-related manatee carcasses by 7 days. Cumulative exposure to cold weather over the winter amplified effects on mortality in the central-east region. Quantifying the relationship between cold events and manatee mortality helps us prepare for rescue and salvage operations when extremely cold weather is forecast. This is especially important because anticipated loss or degradation of warm-water refuges due to human activities and sea level rise could potentially impact the manatee population in the future. These methods could also be applied to other species susceptible to cold-related mortality.
Incidence of Surgically Treated Brachial Plexus Injury in Privately Insured Adults Under 65 Years of Age in the USA.

BackgroundBrachial plexus injury (BPI) is a life-altering event, and surgical treatment of BPI is costly ($66 million nationwide in 2006 alone). Despite the sizable costs associated with surgically...
An Otischalkian dinosauromorph assemblage from the Los Esteros Member (Santa Rosa Formation) of New Mexico and its implications for biochronology and lagerpetid body size

The strata of the American Southwest, particularly the Chinle Formation and the Dockum Group, are critical to our understanding of faunal diversity and evolution in the Late Triassic. In recent dec...
Vaccines: SARS-CoV-2 RBD Neutralizing Antibody Induction is Enhanced by Particulate Vaccination (Adv. Mater. 50/2020)

In article number 2005637, Jonathan F Lovell and co-workers show that the SARS-CoV-2 RBD surface protein becomes a potent immunogen when presented in nanoparticle format Using a vaccine adjuvant that spontaneously converts soluble recombinant antigens into stable particles, immunization studies in mice and rabbits shows that the particle-based RBD elicits strong immune responses and potent antibodies capable of neutralizing the virus
Labor Unions and Undocumented Immigrants: Local Perspectives on Transversal Solidarity During DACA and DAPA:

National labor unions in the United States have formally supported undocumented immigrants since 2000. However, drawing on 69 interviews conducted between 2012 and 2016 with union and immigrant rig...
Optimism, Overconfidence, and Insurance Decisions

We report experimental evidence regarding the effects of overconfidence and optimism on insurance decisions. The novel experimental design elicits risk perception information from participants prior to their participation in an incentivized risk management and insurance task. Our design distinguishes between an individual’s optimism bias and overconfidence bias, a contribution that is particularly important for analysis of insurance decisions related to risks outside of the purchaser’s control. Our results show that, after controlling for risk-seeking behavior, optimistic participants incur a higher total cost of risk and are more likely to underinsure than non-optimistic participants, even in cases where the purchase of insurance provides the highest expected payoff. In contrast, we find that overconfidence does not have a significant effect on the decision to purchase insurance.
Salivary Cortisol, Equine Characteristics, and Management Factors Associated With Strongyle-Type Egg Shedding of Ohio Horses.

Abstract Identification of factors associated with parasite infestation in horses could reduce frequency of anthelmintic administration and slow development of anthelmintic resistance. The study aim was to evaluate management factors, equine characteristics, and equine salivary cortisol concentrations for association with strongyle-type egg shedding levels. As immunocompromised horses appear to be more susceptible to parasite infestation, it was hypothesized that salivary cortisol concentration could be associated with parasite egg shedding. Saliva and fecal samples were collected from 200 horses across the state of Ohio. Equine management questionnaires were administered to barn managers. Fecal egg counts were performed with a modified Stoll method, and saliva samples were analyzed for salivary cortisol with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 24 variables were tested for association with fecal egg count results (dichotomized with 50 eggs per gram as a cutoff) using chi-square test of independence, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, or Mann Whitney U test. The sample of horses was partitioned into tertiles based on salivary cortisol concentrations (i.e., low 0.0712 µg/dL). Variables with P
First Report of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Resistance to Lambda-Cyhalothrin in Montana

Forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. [Fabales: Fabacae]) is a major agronomic crop grown nationally and Montana ranks highly in acres harvested. The alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]) is the primary defoliating pest that requires insecticide applications to prevent yield loss, particularly pyrethroid active ingredients (a.i.) that are both efficacious and cost-effective. Reports from commercial alfalfa producers in Big Horn County, MT, suggested local populations of alfalfa weevil had developed resistance to the pyrethroid a.i. lambda-cyhalothrin (type II pyrethroid). Chemical control is an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) of alfalfa weevil and the loss of pyrethroid a.i. as an effective tool would result in additional production costs. Two locations in southern Big Horn County and nine locations in four other Montana counties where resistance has not been reported were sampled and assayed for resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Populations from three counties were susceptible, the concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 µg/cm2. In contrast, populations from Big Horn County did not reach 50% mortality at the highest concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin tested (3.30 µg/cm2), indicating high levels of resistance have developed in these populations. A field trial in Big Horn County supported laboratory results of resistance; lambda-cyhalothrin at the highest label rate did not reduce alfalfa weevil populations. Additional bioassays suggest cross-resistance to zeta-cypermethrin (type II pyrethroid), but only partial cross-resistance to permethrin (type I pyrethroid).
Hemoglobin A1c reproducibility.

Excerpt To the editor: In their article on reproducibility of hemoglobin A1cDunn and associates (1) provide much useful information about this promising laboratory procedure but none on its reprodu...
Biomechanics: A Survey of the Blood Flow Problem

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the problems of blood flow and the constitutive equations of various tissues involved, the geometrical configurations and dimensions of the system, and the possible boundary conditions. For the blood flow problem, the blood, the blood vessels, the tissues surrounding the blood vessels, the geometry of the vascular system, and the driving forces are considered. Blood circulation is the most popular subject in biomechanics. The value of mechanics has been shown in the development of heart-assist devices. The development of artificial heart valves demonstrated the importance of fluid mechanics. In microcirculation, research mechanics offers a powerful tool. It offers details about the blood flow that are difficult to obtain by conventional means at the disposal of physiologists. The chapter presents the scope of the existing literature on physiologically important problems. The mathematical framework of the problems of wave propagation in arteries and peristalsis in small vessels are also discussed.
An ultra-low power silicon-on-sapphire ADC for energy-scavenging sensors

We designed and fabricated an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a 0.5/spl mu/m silicon-on-sapphire CMOS technology. The ultra-low power and low voltage design of the ADC was targeted for wireless sensor interfaces and energy-scavenging systems. The ADC is capable of 4.5MHz operation, producing 409kS/s, consuming 3/spl mu/Watt at 1.5V power supply. It uses an active area of 615/spl times/782/spl mu/m/sup 2/ . The acceptable input range is 0.97V at 1.5V power supply.
Limb salvage using advanced technologies: a case report

Patients with severe acute and chronic lower extremity wounds often present a significant challenge in terms of limb salvage. In addition to control of infection, assuring adequate perfusion and providing standard wound care, advanced modalities are often required to facilitate final wound closure. We herein present a case study on a diabetic patient with gangrene and necrotising soft-tissue infection who underwent a forefoot pedal amputation to control the sepsis. Despite his non invasive vascular studies demonstrating poor healing potential at this level, he was not deemed suitable for revascularisation by our vascular surgeons and ankle-level amputation was recommended. Nonetheless, over a 5-month period using multiple advanced wound care therapies, wound closure was ultimately achieved.
Designing a distance education program: the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs

Although distance education has been around for decades, for many it is just now becoming a serious alternative to the traditional college/university approach to education. Due to the rapid improvements in technology and the present changes in the student population, more and more institutions of higher learning are considering implementing a distance education program. This article discusses the distance learning program that at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. The program has just finished its first year, and there have been successes and failures. Both are discussed, with some suggestions for existing distance education programs and for those institutions thinking about implementing a distance education curriculum. A variety of distance programs are discussed and a model of course effectiveness is presented for testing in the distance education environment. We learned that there are many challenges to implementing such a program, and technology is just one of many.
A Review of “Rationalities in History: A Weberian Essay in Comparison”

Max Weber sits securely on the pantheon of theorists of modernity. His concepts of ideal-types, rationality, bureaucracy, and the relationship of values to social, economic, and political developme...
Un fantasma recorre el Uruguay: la reemergencia charrúa en un “país sin indios”

Este trabajo estudia la reemergencia de la etnicidad charrua en Uruguay, un pais que se ha imaginado a si mismo, por lo menos desde ﬁnes del siglo XIX, como carente de indigenas. En el marco de un clima relativamente reciente de descolonizacion y de avance de las agendas politicas y sociales indigenas, los militantes de los grupos reemergentes presentan un desafio importante a las narrativas de la nacion predominantes en Uruguay.
VALIDITY OF PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES (GILCHRIST) DOUGLAS AND GUNTER COMB. NOV

Moore, W. E. C. (Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg) and Elizabeth P. Cato. Validity of Propionibacterium acnes (Gilchrist) Douglas and Gunter comb. nov. J. Bacteriol. 85:870–874. 1963.—ATCC strains of Corynebacterium acnes 11827, 6921, and 6922 were tested and consistently found to ferment lactate with the production of propionate, acetate, and succinate under strictly anaerobic conditions. ATCC strains of eight species of Propionibacterium fermented lactate under strictly anaerobic or under deep broth aerobic culture conditions. The ratios of fermentation products of each of the organisms were essentially identical, indicating that C. acnes should properly be classified in the genus Propionibacterium as suggested by Douglas and Gunter. Serological tests demonstrated that this organism shares antigens in common with several of the other species of Propionibacterium.
The phylogenetic significance of colour patterns in marine teleost larvae

Ichthyologists, natural-history artists, and tropical-fish aquarists have described, illustrated, or photographed colour patterns in adult marine fishes for centuries, but colour patterns in marine fish larvae have largely been neglected. Yet the pelagic larval stages of many marine fishes exhibit subtle to striking, ephemeral patterns of chromatophores that warrant investigation into their potential taxonomic and phylogenetic significance. Colour patterns in larvae of over 200 species of marine teleosts, primarily from the western Caribbean, were examined from digital colour photographs, and their potential utility in elucidating evolutionary relationships at various taxonomic levels was assessed. Larvae of relatively few basal marine teleosts exhibit erythrophores, xanthophores, or iridophores (i.e. nonmelanistic chromatophores), but one or more of those types of chromatophores are visible in larvae of many basal marine neoteleosts and nearly all marine percomorphs. Whether or not the presence of nonmelanistic chromatophores in pelagic marine larvae diagnoses any major teleost taxonomic group cannot be determined based on the preliminary survey conducted, but there is a trend toward increased colour from elopomorphs to percomorphs. Within percomorphs, patterns of nonmelanistic chromatophores may help resolve or contribute evidence to existing hypotheses of relationships at multiple levels of classification. Mugilid and some beloniform larvae share a unique ontogenetic transformation of colour pattern that lends support to the hypothesis of a close relationship between them. Larvae of some tetraodontiforms and lophiiforms are strikingly similar in having the trunk enclosed in an inflated sac covered with xanthophores, a character that may help resolve the relationships of these enigmatic taxa. Colour patterns in percomorph larvae also appear to diagnose certain groups at the interfamilial, familial, intergeneric, and generic levels. Slight differences in generic colour patterns, including whether the pattern comprises xanthophores or erythrophores, often distinguish species. The homology, ontogeny, and possible functional significance of colour patterns in larvae are discussed. Considerably more investigation of larval colour patterns in marine teleosts is needed to assess fully their value in phylogenetic reconstruction.