cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The epsilon expansion and the electroweak phase transition.

Standard perturbative (or mean field theory) techniques are not adequate for studying the finite-temperature electroweak phase transition in some cases of interest to scenarios for electroweak baryogenesis. We instead study the properties of this transition using the renormalization group and the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion. This expansion, based on dimensional continuation from $3 \mathrm{to} 4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ spatial dimensions, provides a systematic approximation for computing the effects of (near-)critical fluctuations. The $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion is known to predict a first-order transition in Higgs theories, even for heavy Higgs boson masses. The validity of this conclusion in the standard model is examined in detail. A variety of physical quantities are computed at leading and next-to-leading order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. For moderately light Higgs boson masses (below 100 GeV), the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion suggests that the transition is more strongly first order than is predicted by the conventional analysis based on the one-loop (ring-improved) effective potential. Nevertheless, the rate of baryon nonconservation after the transition is found to be larger than that given by the one-loop effective potential calculation. Detailed next-to-leading order calculations of some sample quantities suggests that the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion is reasonably well behaved for Higgs boson masses below 100-200 GeV. We also compare the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion with large-$N$ results (where $N$ is the number of scalar fields) and find that the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion is less well behaved in this limit.
Load prediction algorithm for multi-tenant virtual machine environments

Computer systems configured in Cloud architectures have become more prevalent in the data center. However, a growing concern is the increasing amount of energy required to operate the data center. This has led to an industry-wide effort to look for ways the energy footprint of the datacenter can be reduced. Efficient scaling of the cloud's nodes is one way to manage the energy consumption. This goal is achieved through the application of energy optimization techniques. One of the techniques is to dynamically provision IT resources by switching the state of the cloud nodes from active to sleep and from sleep to active in response to the actual network load. To compensate for the potential impact of the time delay inherent in changing the state of a system, there is need to accurately predict the future load. The multi-tenant nature of cloud computing systems require that the load prediction takes into account that there can be multiple deployments of the same configured system over many different physical virtual and physical systems as well as that different services can be deployed in clusters across both virtual and physical systems. It is therefore important to predict the future network load per service-cluster. This paper presents an algorithm for predicting future request workload for multiple services then tests the algorithm using public NASA web server traffic data on four different services.
Chapter 8 – The Importance and Role of Watersheds in the Transport of Nitrogen

This chapter explores the importance and role of watersheds in the transport of nitrogen. Stream N yields have been assessed in watersheds through detailed process-oriented studies at the local scale and over larger, regional scales using statistical techniques. These approaches have been applied to natural and culturally affected environments in watersheds to elucidate the hydrologic and biogeochemical factors that affect N transport. The biogeochemical processing of N has been studied over a range of spatial and temporal scales in watersheds to enable the interpretation of data trends and development of conceptual and numerical models of N yield. Surface and subsurface hydrology, climate, physiography, and basin size all affect the partitioning of precipitation between infiltration and runoff and subsequent water flow paths. Natural and cultural sources of N and their subsequent transformations influence the amount and mobility of N constituents in soil, plant materials, and water. Watersheds represent a physical coupling of the hydrologic and source components in a continuous, dynamic system. Management of land resources based on principles derived from watershed-scale studies is a key component of ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of N use and limit adverse water quality impacts from excessive N loadings to surface, subsurface, and marine waters.
Non-conscious bias in medical decision making: what can be done to reduce it?

Medical Education 2011: 45: 768–776 Context Non-conscious stereotyping and prejudice contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Contemporary training in cultural competence is insufficient to reduce these problems because even educated, culturally sensitive, egalitarian individuals can activate and use their biases without being aware they are doing so. However, these problems can be reduced by workshops and learning modules that focus on the psychology of non-conscious bias. The Psychology of NON-Conscious Bias Research in social psychology shows that over time stereotypes and prejudices become invisible to those who rely on them. Automatic categorisation of an individual as a member of a social group can unconsciously trigger the thoughts (stereotypes) and feelings (prejudices) associated with that group, even if these reactions are explicitly denied and rejected. This implies that, when activated, implicit negative attitudes and stereotypes shape how medical professionals evaluate and interact with minority group patients. This creates differential diagnosis and treatment, makes minority group patients uncomfortable and discourages them from seeking or complying with treatment. Pitfalls in Cultural Competence Training Cultural competence training involves teaching students to use race and ethnicity to diagnose and treat minority group patients, but to avoid stereotyping them by over-generalising cultural knowledge to individuals. However, the Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) standards do not specify how these goals should be accomplished and psychological research shows that common approaches like stereotype suppression are ineffective for reducing non-conscious bias. To effectively address bias in health care, training in cultural competence should incorporate research on the psychology of non-conscious stereotyping and prejudice. Training in Implicit Bias Enhances Cultural Competence Workshops or other learning modules that help medical professionals learn about non-conscious processes can provide them with skills that reduce bias when they interact with minority group patients. Examples of such skills in action include automatically activating egalitarian goals, looking for common identities and counter-stereotypical information, and taking the perspective of the minority group patient.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-interacting Protein (AIP) Is Required for Dioxin-induced Hepatotoxicity but Not for the Induction of the Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 Genes

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays an essential role in the toxic response to environmental pollutants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), in the adaptive up-regulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, and in hepatic vascular development. In our model of AHR signaling, the receptor is found in a cytosolic complex with a number of molecular chaperones, including Hsp90, p23, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP), also known as ARA9 and XAP2. To understand the role of AIP in adaptive and toxic aspects of AHR signaling, we generated a conditional mouse model where the Aip locus can be deleted in hepatocytes. Using this model, we demonstrate two important roles for the AIP protein in AHR biology. (i) The expression of AIP in hepatocytes is essential to maintain high levels of functional cytosolic AHR protein in the mammalian liver. (ii) Expression of the AIP protein is essential for dioxin-induced hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, classical AHR-driven genes show differential dependence on AIP expression. The Cyp1b1 and Ahrr genes require AIP expression for normal up-regulation by dioxin, whereas Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 do not. This differential dependence on AIP provides evidence that the mammalian genome contains more than one class of AHR-responsive genes and suggests that a search for AIP-dependent, AHR-responsive genes may guide us to the targets of the dioxin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Spherical Nanoindentations and Kink Bands in Ti3SiC2

We report for the first time on load versus depth-of-indentation response of Ti3SiC2 surfaces loaded with a 13.5 μm spherical tipped diamond indenter up to loads of 500 mN. Using orientation imaging microscopy, two groups of crystals were identified; one in which the basal planes were parallel to, and the other normal to, the surface. When the load-penetration depth curves were converted to stress-strain curves the following was apparent: when the surfaces were loaded normal to the c axis, the response at the lowest loads was linear elastic—well described by a modulus of 320 GPa—followed by a clear yield point at approximately 4.5 GPa. And while the first cycle was slightly open, the next 4 on the same location were significantly harder, almost indistinguishable, and fully reversible. At the highest loads (500 mN) pop-ins due to delaminations between basal planes were observed. When pop-ins were not observed the indentations, for the most part, left no trace. When the load was applied parallel to the c axis, the initial response was again linear elastic (modulus of 320 GPa) followed by a yield point of approximately 4 GPa. Here again significant hardening was observed between the first and subsequent cycles. Each cycle resulted in some strain, but no concomitant increase in yield points. This orientation was even more damage tolerant than the orthogonal direction. This response was attributed to the formation of incipient kink bands that lead to the formation of regular kink bands. Remarkably, these dislocation-based mechanisms allow repeated loading of Ti3SiC2 without damage, while dissipating significant amounts of energy per unit volume, Wd, during each cycle. The values of Wd measured herein were in excellent agreement with corresponding measurements in simple compression tests reported earlier, confirming that the same mechanisms continue to operate even at the high (≈9 GPa) stress levels typical of the indentation experiments.
Diffuse intraepidermal deposition of immunoreactants on direct immunofluorescence : a clue to the early diagnosis of epidermal necrolysis

Background. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a distinctive disorder that is readily identified clinically and histologically in advanced cases. Early on, however, toxic epidermal necrolysis may be difficult to identify. Some consider fixed drug eruption a limited form of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Methods. Direct immunofluorescence was performed on biopsy material of erythematous skin lesions. Results. Diffuse deposition of immunoreactants in the midmalpighian layer was noted. This finding has not been encountered in other disorders studied in our immuno-pathology laboratory. Conclusions. Diffuse immunoreactant deposition in the mid-epidermis should suggest a diagnosis of epidermal necrolysis either from toxic epidermal necrolysis or fixed drug eruption. Additional cases will need to be assessed to document the usefulness of this pattern for prospective diagnosis.
Culture and Health Reporting: A Comparative Content Analysis of Newspapers in the United States and China

Health reporting has the potential to educate the public and promote health behaviors. Culture influences the style of such communication. Following the theorization of national cultures by Hofstede and Hofstede (2005) and Wilber (2000), this study compares health reporting in the United States and China through a content analysis of leading newspapers. The authors discover significant differences in health reporting in terms of controllability attribution, temporal orientation, citation of authority sources, and use of statistics. As one of the first comparative content analysis studies of health reporting in Eastern and Western cultures, this study provides a unique cultural lens for health communication scholars to better understand health information in the news media.
A Model Linking Stable Isotope Fractionation to Water Flux and Transit Times in Heterogeneous Porous Media

Hydrogeochemical processes governing the composition of groundwater are often inferred from water samples that are the flux-weighted average of a heterogeneous system. The stable isotope ratios of these samples are commonly employed to evaluate biogeochemical cycling or the intensity of weathering. However, these data are often interpreted using simplified relationships that assume the chemical composition and fluid residence times are homogeneous. This disparity results in part from the difficulty in obtaining appropriate observations needed to quantitatively link the effects of variable fluid residence time to stable isotope fractionation. Here, we present a synthetic dataset of steady state stable isotope ratios using the aqueous, irreversible reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and precipitation of chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3(s)) in structurally correlated heterogeneous porous media using the CrunchTope reactive transport code. Our results demonstrate that flux-weighted average Cr(VI) values collected across a fixed control plane for multiple heterogeneous permeability fields consistently produce higher reactant concentrations and less enriched stable isotope ratios than a comparable homogeneous domain for average flow rates ranging across several orders of magnitude. This variability is thus directly attributable to the physical heterogeneity of the porous media. Furthermore, the isotopic signature of accumulated Cr(OH)3(s) is highly contingent upon the pH-dependent precipitation rate and the structure of the flow field, resulting in a wide range of bulk isotope ratios. These results provide a first step in the development of new frameworks for linking the effects of subsurface heterogeneity to the observed stable isotope ratios and fractionation factors in a wide variety of systems.
EFFECTS OF ROCK-N-ROLL AND CLASSICAL MUSIC ON THE LEARNING OF NONSENSE SYLLABLES

For 30 college students no significant differences in number of trials to criterion in learning nonsense syllables occurred for classical and rock-n-roll groups and a control. Increased output of e...
Within‐type variability of 700 hPa winter circulation patterns over the Lake Superior basin

A correlation-based map-pattern classification technique was applied to 25 winters of daily 700 hPa maps to group them into discrete types, which were then examined to determine their association with surface air temperatures over the Lake Superior basin. The focus of this study was to identify and to remove sources of within-type variability of temperature. Within-type variability was considerable. Its source turned out to be a combination of climate change and small-scale circulation features that were present in the data but were not captured by the map pattern classification. These small-scale features, identified using composite difference maps for cold and warm days of each map type, consisted of height anomalies centered to the east of Lake Superior. Viewing these differences as anomalous components of the mean 700 hPa height pattern-which when added to or subtracted from the pattern create subtle but important modifications-provided insight into the differences in the shape of the 700 hPa steering current for different surface weather systems. To incorporate these features into the classification, daily relative vorticity patterns were computed and discriminant analysis was used to create cold, average, and warm subtypes for each of the first five map types. Replacing the first five map types by their subtypes in the regression models increased the explained variance by 20- 30%. Collapsing warm and cold types did not increase the explained variance as much as it stabilized the models. The creation of cold and warm subtypes also removed a warming trend (significant for two of the map types) by translating the warming trend into a change in the frequency of the subtypes. The analysis used four different floating grids or windows. Classifications for windows centered east of the lake generated better results than those to the west.
Specific immunoprotection with 3 M KCI solubilized tumor antigen

Abstract Tumor-specific transplantation antigens were extracted from two methylcholanthrene-induced murine sarcomas. Administration of the soluble material to syngeneic hosts yielded immunoprotection against a challenge of supralethal numbers of tumor cells. The protective effect was only induced over a narrow dosage range; higher doses were ineffective. The engendered immune state could be overcome with larger numbers of cells in the tumor challenge. The restricted range of immunogenicity of soluble extracts in this experimental system cautions against premature clinical application of these materials as immunotherapeutic tools.
Systematic and random errors in ion affinities and activation entropies from the extended kinetic method.

An evaluation of the extended kinetic method with full entropy analysis was conducted using RRKM theory to simulate data for collision-induced dissociation under single-collision conditions. A rigorous method for analyzing kinetic method data, orthogonal distance regression, is introduced and compared with previous methods in the literature. The results demonstrate that the use of the extended kinetic method is definitely superior to the standard kinetic method, but final ion affinities and activation entropies differ intrinsically from the correct values. Considering the effects of both systematic and random error in Monte Carlo simulations of the full entropy analysis, error distributions of ±4 to ±12 kJ mol−1 for ion affinities and of ±9 to ±30 J mol−1 K−1 for activation entropy differences are found (±2 standard deviations of the sample populations). The systematic errors in ion affinities are larger for systems with large activation entropy differences. These uncertainties do not include any error in the absolute calibration of the reference ion affinity scale. We argue that application of an empirical correction factor is inadvisable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertex data compression through vector quantization

Rendering geometrically detailed 3D models requires the transfer and processing of large amounts of triangle and vertex geometry data. Compressing the geometry bit stream can reduce bandwidth requirements and alleviate transmission bottlenecks. In this paper, we show vector quantization to be an effective compression technique for triangle mesh vertex data. We present predictive vector quantization methods using unstructured code books as well as a product code pyramid vector quantizer. The technique is compatible with most existing mesh connectivity encoding schemes and does not require the use of entropy coding. In addition to compression, our vector quantization scheme can be used for complexity reduction by accelerating the computation of linear vertex transformations. Consequently, an encoded set of vertices can be both decoded and transformed in approximately 60 percent of the time required by a conventional method without compression.
A computational algorithm to determine crack locations from electrostatic boundary measurements. The case of multiple cracks

Abstract This paper develops an algorithm to reconstruct the locations of a collection of linear cracks inside a homogeneous electrical conductor from boundary measurements. We measure the boundary voltages induced by certain specified two-electrode current fluxes. The algorithm is based on a variation of Newton's method and it uses weighted averages of the measured boundary data. The algorithm adaptively changes the applied current fluxes at each iteration to maintain “maximal” sensitivity to the estimated locations of the cracks.
Family Influences on the Social Participation of Youth: The Effects of Parental Social Involvement and Farming

Abstract Parents shape children's social choices through their social and economic actions. Parental social participation connects children to a civic culture and encourages involvement in civic groups. Parents' ties to farming in farm-dependent communities further enhance children's civic orientations by providing added opportunities and incentives for social participation. Data from the Iowa Youth and Families Project confirm these hypotheses, showing that the children of farmers and of rural leaders are more likely to participate in civic groups. These results establish parental social involvement as a source of social capital and demonstrate the importance of farm influences for understanding the social involvement of youth in rural society.
SHORT WAVELENGTH MO RECORDING: SYSTEM NOISE ISSUES AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

Optical recording at 488 nm using optimized CoPt multilayer media is described. Large mark CNR values of 62 dB are achieved by ensuring that system noise is dominated by the media noise component through a combination of media desensitization, read power optimization., and, elimination of the groove noise component which usually dominates the system noise. The results indicate that it is generally not possible to decrease the laser power requirements when utilizing a small recording laser spot size despite the increased power density because of these noise constraints. Further, because of a decreased detector sensitivity at blue recording wavelengths, further desensitization beyond that necessary to compensate for the increase power density is required when shorter wavelengths are used to achieve a smaller spot size.
Hemispheric-apex cells in the mantle epithelium of Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesi hatchlings and juveniles: a transmission electron microscope study

Summary Hemispheric-apex cells (HC), which are situated at the intersection of the three branches of Hoyle's organ in Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesi embryos, were investigated using light- and transmission-electron microscopy. The surface membrane of the HC exhibits many microvilli. Desmosomes between HC were distributed in patches along the plasma membrane. These desmosomes were also found between HC and the hatching enzyme producing cells of Hoyle's organ (CHO) and between neighbouring CHO. The area below the most apical desmosomes shows many cellular interdigitations. One (or several) small Golgi apparatus and many mitochondria were found in the cell centre. Mitochondria were also abundant in the most apical part of the cell. In the HC the nucleus is situated near the cell centre. The cell shape of the central part of the cell usually corresponds grossly to the nuclear form. Endoplasmic reticulum was found near the nucleus and in the lowermost part of the cell, but is never as abundant as in the CH...
Study of H2 and CO coadsorption on platinum

Abstract Coadsorption of H2 and CO has been studied on a recrystallized platinum ribbon using TDS and ESD techniques. TDS spectra are presented corresponding to sample exposure to H2 CO mixture ratios of 11 and 3. The presence of CO in the dosing gas is shown to be responsible for the appearance of a high temperature peak in the mass 2 TDS spectra. ESD O ion energy distributions are presented which exhibit a double peak structure when both hydrogen and carbon monoxide are adsorbed on the platinum surface. The results are interpreted as evidence for the existence of a surface species containing both H and CO.
Almost any quantum logic gate is universal.

It is shown that if one can apply some Hamiltonian repeatedly to a few variables at a time one can in general effect any desired unitary time evolution on an arbitrarily large number of variables. As a result, almost any quantum logic gate with two or more inputs is computationally universal in that copies of the gate can be ``wired together'' to effect any desired logic circuit, and to perform any desired unitary transformation on a set of quantum variables.
Surgery for neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in Ireland 1980-1985.

Forty-seven infants were operated on for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in Ireland in a 6-yearperiod from 1980 to 1985. Incidence for surgical NEC in Ireland is 1/8733 live births. 44/47 patients were operated on during the acute phase and 3 patients had elective resection of strictures following conservative management. Indication for surgery in the acute phase was pneumoperitoneum in 37 infants. The initial procedure was: drainage alone in 10 patients, laparotomy and defunctioning enterostomy in 18, resection of the necrotic segment and proximal enterostomy in 15. 27/44 acute patients survived giving an overall mortality of 38.6% for acute NEC but mortality directly related to NEC was 31.8%. There was an inverse relationship between mortality and age at surgery. Medical treatment included total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in all patients for a mean time of 20.5 days.
Anelasticity and lunar seismology

Abstract Derived relations from the author's power-law (PL) model for the anelastic behavior of sedimentary earth rock are presented for possible use in understanding the long-time response behavior of lunar seismograms. As an illustrative example of the use of these relations we have shown how they can be used to relate seismic wave propagation observed by De Bremaecker et al. in basaltic cinders and ash near Flagstaff, Arizona with reported properties of the seismogram obtained in the Apollo 12 experiment. This leads to likely values for the three anelastic parameters which in turn determine the seismic behavior of the lunar regolith. The long tail is predicted to be due to overlapping of P-wave multiples in a regolith layer where each of the multiples has undergone a pulse broadening of between 7 and 9 min for the 75 km travel distance. The P-wave velocity of the regolith seems to be about 300 m/sec and the thickness perhaps 300 m. These values are subject to change after the author has had an opportunity to see the Apollo 12 seismogram.
Java settlers: a research environment for studying multi-agent negotiation

Java Settlers is an environment for doing research in the area of multi-agent negotiation. The vehicle for this research is a Web-deployed java program for playing the popular German board game, Settlers of Catan.
Measurements and Analysis of Two-Dimensional Optical Correlogram

Comparative results of optical analog and digital calculation of a number of two-dimensional auto- and cross-correlation functions are presented. The technique of optical correlation is shown to be reasonably accurate and is, therefore, of potential value as a signal processing tool.
Selective cation removal from gaseous polypeptide ions: proton vs. sodium ion abstraction via ion/ion reactions

Doubly charged positive ions of the polypeptide bradykinin with an excess proton and sodium ion have been subjected to reactions with a perfluorocarbon anion, C8F15−, and with hexafluorophosphate, PF6−. The perfluorocarbon anion reacted exclusively by proton transfer to yield sodium cationized bradykinin with no evidence of adduct formation. Reaction with PF6−, yielded proton transfer, sodium ion transfer, and adduct products. Collisional activation studies of the adduct species showed both loss of NaPF6 and loss of HPF6. The relative proportions of these reaction channels were dependent upon ion activation conditions. Collisional activation experiments in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer showed evidence for at least two adduct ion structures that yield different relative contributions from NaPF6 and HPF6 loss. Loss of NaPF6 from the complex was favored under conditions that gave rise to relatively high dissociation rates. Calculations of the cation affinities and stabilities of various species relevant to these experiments suggest that proton transfer is much more thermodynamically favorable for the perfluorocarbon anion. The calculated ion affinities are also consistent with sodium ion transfer being competitive with proton transfer during reactions with PF6−. Calculation of the stabilities of model ion/ion reaction intermediate structures show that the intermediate containing the perfluorocarbon anion is much less strongly bound than that containing the PF6− ion. This difference likely underlies the observation that no adduct formation is observed with the perfluorocarbon ion whereas relatively extensive adduct formation is noted for PF6−.
Integrating instruments for simplified quality-control measurements

In quality control work, it is often necessary to determine the mean and the standard deviation of an important variable. To accomplish this, a measurement system has been developed for applications in which the material is tested while moving continuously, most of the necessary calculating functions being performed by two new integrating instruments. This paper describes the application of such a system to the measurement of yarn thickness.
Interfaces of creativity in therapy: A mini-symposium☆

Abstract The Editors and the Editorial Board, of Art Psychotherapy: An International Journal are pleased to present to its readers this Symposium in an attempt to convey their appreciative understanding of the importance for the creative arts scientist to share actively in the sciences' body of sound literature which is rich in its traditional content and in its continuing surge toward experimental validation and emergent empirical excellence. Further, it is an attempt to encourage scholarly contributions from within and without the specialty disciplines of the creative arts sciences and, therefore, restates this Journal's criteria and guidelines for reporting investigative work for publication. Finally, it discusses the relationships and interactions — both in theory and in practice — between art, poetry, dance, and music therapy.
An Investigation of Native and Nonnative English Speakers' Levels of Written Syntactic Complexity in Asynchronous Online Discussions

This manuscript reports on a corpus-based comparison of native and nonnative graduate students’ language production in an asynchronous learning environment. Using 486 discussion board postings from a five-year period (2009–2013), we analyzed the extent to which native and nonnative university students’ writing differed in 10 measures of syntactic complexity targeting the length of production unit, amount of subordination, amount of coordination, and degree of phrasal sophistication. We also compared across gender subgroups and levels of English language proficiency. Results indicated significant differences in four of 10 measures of complexity, with native speakers (NSs) engaging in more subordination and nonnative speakers (NNSs) in more coordination and phrasal sophistication. Between-group comparisons yielded no statistically significant differences between NSs and high-level NNSs, and moderate differences between NSs and low-level NNSs related to subordination. Some differences between male and female writers were found. Together these results call for interventions for enhancing the use of linguistic devices like subordination among NNS university students at tertiary levels of instruction, as well as greater attention to task design in asynchronous learning environments.
A General Expression for the Quintic Lovelock Tensor

A general expression is given for the quintic Lovelock tensor as well as for the coefficient of the quintic Lovelock Lagrangian in terms of the Riemann-Christoffel and Ricci curvature tensors and the Riemann curvature scalar for n-dimensional differentiable manifolds having a general linear connection.
Thermophysical Properties of Monoporous Sintered Copper

Thermophysical properties of monodispersed-sintered copper are measured. An apparatus to measure effective thermal conductivity of dry and wet samples is built. It is calibrated using bulk samples with known thermal conductivity. Permeability is measured based on flow resistance though the porous samples. Velocity at different pressure drops is measured and the permeability calculated using Darcy’s law. The experiment is performed using water and silicone oil as working liquids. The error of the measurement is less then five percent. Capillary pressure for all samples is measured based on amount of liquid that is held by the porous sample. The Young-Laplace relationship is used to relate capillary pressure to effective pore radius. Porosity of the samples is calculated by measuring the dimension of samples and weighing the amount of liquid in fully saturated samples. Thermal conductivity and capillary pressure are found to decrease as powder diameter increases; permeability and porosity increases with powder diameter.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Loss of TGF-β or Wnt5a results in an increase in Wnt/β-catenin activity and redirects mammary tumour phenotype

The tumour-suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are well documented; however, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that a non-canonical member of the Wingless-related protein family, Wnt5a, is required for TGF-β-mediated effects on mammary development. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that Wnt5a acts as a tumour suppressor. In addition, it has been shown that Wnt5a can antagonise canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling in various cell types. Here we test the hypothesis that TGF-β and Wnt5a can antagonise Wnt/β-catenin signalling and redirect mammary tumour phenotype. The results provide a new mechanism for the tumour-suppressive effects of TGF-β. Wnt/β-catenin signalling was measured in tumours with altered TGF-β (dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor, DNIIR) or Wnt5a (Wnt5a-/-) signalling as the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin using both confocal microscopy and cell fractionation. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Sca1 expression was determined by western blot and keratin (K) 6- and K14-positive populations were determined by immunohistochemistry. Loss of TGF-β or Wnt5a signalling resulted in stabilisation of nuclear β-catenin and expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes suggesting that TGF-β and Wnt5a act to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mammary epithelium. Increased expression of Sca-1 was observed in developing DNIIR and Wnt5a-/- mammary glands. DNIIR and Wnt5a-/- tumours demonstrated an expanded population of K6- and K14-expressing cells typically seen in Wnt/β-catenin-induced tumours. The key findings here are that: TGF-β and Wnt5a regulate Wnt/β-catenin activity; and loss of TGF-β and Wnt5a redirect the phenotype of tumours so that they resemble tumours induced by activation of Wnt/β-catenin. The findings suggest a new mechanism for the tumour-suppressive effects of TGF-β.
NORMALIZATION OF AND FINITE-RANGE EFFECTS IN ($sup 3$He,d) AND (t,d) REACTIONS

The effects of including a realistic wave function for the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ion on the predictions of the distorted-wave theory for stripping and pickup reactions are studied in some detail. On the assumption that the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ion and triton are similar, the results are carried over to reactions involving the triton. Good agreement with experiment is found.
JDAPI: a PACS archive/viewer interoperability based on Java and DICOM

PACS usually comes as an integrated solution consisting of an archive, a communications module, and viewers. The DICOM protocol is used for inter operability between the archive, modalities and other viewers. We claim that the inter- operability between the viewer and the archive should be optimized for price/performance in a way that cannot be fully exploited by the DICOM protocol. For instance, the archive may use high performance data-compression techniques that need not be part of the DICOM standard. In other cases when data is stored off-line (on tapes or MO) and has to be retrieved to online storage, DICOM does not provide a means to identify this state. In this paper we make a position statement seeking additional flexibility and more possibilities for inter- operability between viewers and archives than is available via DICOM alone. In fact, we are interested to define an API (Application Program Interface), using the Java language environment. This approach is based on accumulative experience in the Java community that shows the feasibility of this concept. We call this proposal JDAPI for Java DICOM API, since the DICOM data model is reflected within. Java is one of the most important modern programming languages for rapid application development. Java offers many advantages for this purpose, such as a very convenient development environment, and a very rich set of standard packages. Working under a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) turns Java into one of the most portable environments in existence today. The most important advantage of our proposal in defining a set of Java interfaces, is to allow an independent development of the viewer and of the archive. The viewer component is considered an application for the interface, which works on top of an implementation of the interface. The implementation is a provider of access methods to a particular (DICOM modeled) archive. Vendors who specialize in writing viewers, will not need to worry about incorporating DICOM protocols and a local (or memory) archive (SCU) into the viewer. Vendors who specialize in archives, will not need to worry about user interfaces. With this API each vendor will have the freedom to develop its part of the system and be sure it will work on any complimentary viewer.
Benzoate and salicylate degradation by Halomonas campisalis, an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic microorganism.

Abstract Alkaliphiles and halophiles have considerable potential to treat organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters having high pH and salinity. As model aromatic compounds, benzoate and salicylate at concentrations up to 380 mg/L were degraded as carbon and energy sources by Halomonas campisalis , an alkaliphile and moderate halophile. Aerobic batch experiments were performed at 50 and 100 g/L NaCl and pH 9. Detected metabolites, catechol and cis, cis- muconate, indicated that H. campisalis used the ortho degradation pathway for both substrates. For benzoate concentrations up to 1600 mg/L, the intermediate 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (2HMSA), characteristic of the meta pathway, was not detected. Improved understanding and characterization of these degradation processes in high pH, high salt systems may lead to improved application of haloalkaliphiles for industrial wastewater treatment.
Running, osteoarthritis, and bone density: Initial 2-year longitudinal study

Abstract purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the 2-year follow-up results examining associations of repetitive long-term physical impact (running) with osteoarthritis and osteoperosis in 34 members of a running club now aged 52 to 74 years and 34 matched control subjects. patients and methods: Roentgenograms of the hands, lateral lumbar spine, and knees were assessed in pairs (1984 and 1986) without knowledge of running status. Computerized scans of the first lumbar vertebrae were obtained to quantify bone mineral. results: A decrease in bone density over the 2-year period was statistically significant for nearly all subjects, especially for runners who decreased their running habits. At the 2-year follow-up, runners maintained greater bone density. Progression of the roentgenographic scores for osteoarthritis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in almost all groups in this normative population over the 2-year period. Female runners had more spur formation in the weight-bearing knee roentgenograms than did control subjects. conclusion: With the possible exception of spur formation in women, running did not appear to influence the development of radiologic osteoarthritis in the populations studied.
Rationale and Applications of Survival Tree and Survival Ensemble Methods.

Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and their successors—bagging and random forests, are statistical learning tools that are receiving increasing attention. However, due to characteristics of censored data collection, standard CART algorithms are not immediately transferable to the context of survival analysis. Questions about the occurrence and timing of events arise throughout psychological and behavioral sciences, especially in longitudinal studies. The prediction power and other key features of tree-based methods are promising in studies where an event occurrence is the outcome of interest. This article reviews existing tree algorithms designed specifically for censored responses as well as recently developed survival ensemble methods, and introduces available computer software. Through simulations and a practical example, merits and limitations of these methods are discussed. Suggestions are provided for practical use.
Are cells in liver tissue relevant to immunology

Abstract Dan H. Campbell fostered the expression of viewpoints that bear on popular concepts. That is the aim of this article which is dedicated to his fond memory and addressed to the question of the relevance of the cells in liver tissue for future, immunological investigations.
Reader Comprehension and Holistic Assessment of Second Language Writing Proficiency

Holistic reading is widely used to assess the proficiency of non-native-speaking (NNS) writers. However, ESL professionals, who have been profoundly influenced by the notion that attention to the N...
Normative Data on Trail Making Test for Neurologically Normal, Chinese-Speaking Adults

This study presents normative data on the Trail Making Test Part A and the Chinese version of the Trail Making Test Part B (C-Trails B). The ages of the 110 participants ranged from 21 to 75 (M = 48, SD = 14.7) and years of education from 1 to 20 (M = 12, SD = 5). No gender effects were found on the test scores; however, age and education were significantly associated with scores on both Trails A (p < .01) and C-Trails B (p < .01). Results also suggest a high correlation (Pearson r = .69) between C-Trails B and the Digit Symbol-Coding subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. In light of our earlier study, this finding provides further evidence that C-Trails B may be equivalent to the standard Trails B. Findings also demonstrate a need for norms adjusted for both age and education for adults whose primary language is Chinese.
Variangular wind spirals

The term ‘variangular’ is introduced to emphasize a significant difference between the present and certain earlier solutions to the problem of organized airmotion within the planetary boundary layer. The latter belong to the family of equiangular wind spirals and have the characteristic that the angle (ψ) formed by the vectors of shearing stress and geostrophic departure is invariant with height; it is shown that in this spiral-family, parabolic height-dependency of the effective (eddy) diffusivity (K) alone is permitted, including the asymptotic case of constant K; the famous Ekman spiral as well as the Rossby spiral are two prominent members of the family of equiangular wind spirals. The new variangular theory, as the name implies, permits variation of ψ with height (z) and produces more versatile profiles of wind and stress due to less restraint in K (z). As an example of comparison with observed data, monthly mean wind profiles obtained at Plateau Station, Antarctica, are selected since they exhibit a noteworthy degree of ‘variangularity’, in relatively satisfactory agreement with properties of the new theoretical model for wind spirals.
Bayesian ANALYSIS. IV. Noise and computing time considerations

Abstract Probability theory, when interpreted as logic, enables one to ask many questions not possible with the frequency interpretation of probability theory. Often, answering these questions can be computationally intensive. If these techniques are to find their way into general use in NMR, a way that allows one to calculate the probability for the frequencies, amplitudes, and decay rate constants quickly and easily must be found. In this paper, a procedure that allows one to compute the posterior probability for the frequencies, amplitudes, and decay rate constants from a series of zero-padded discrete Fourier transforms of the complex FID data when the data have been multiplied by a decaying exponential is described. Additionally, the calculation is modified to include prior information about the noise, and it is shown that obtaining a sample of the noise is almost as important as obtaining a signal sample, because it allows one to investigate complicated spectra using simple models. Three examples are given to illustrate the calculations.
Pentamidine‐induced hypoglycemia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome

We conducted an analysis of 37 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who received pentamidine for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to quantitate the incidence and severity of pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia. Ten of these patients (27%), nine of whom were symptomatic, developed hypoglycemia during or shortly after pentamidine therapy. The mean nadir blood glucose concentration in those who developed hypoglycemia during or shortly after pentamidine therapy was 38 mg/dl (range 20 to 55 mg/dl). The hypoglycemia frequently persisted after the end of pentamidine therapy. The incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients who developed hypoglycemia was 100%, as compared with 38% in the group who remained euglycemic (P less than 0.01). The overall incidence of pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia with AIDS is several-fold higher than previously reported for patients with other immunocompromising diseases who receive pentamidine. We conclude that pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia is a frequent adverse reaction in patients with AIDS and is potentially life-threatening if not recognized.
The Influence of Defoliation Timing on Yields and Quality of Two Cotton Cultivars

The timing of certain cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) management practices varies according to the yield potential and quality characteristics associated with a variety. A defoliation timing study was performed to (i) determine if certain cultivars respond differently to defoliation timings and (ii) compare the use of the open boll percentage at defoliation (OBPD), nodes above cracked boll (NACB), and micronaire readings at defoliation for their effectiveness in timing defoliation. The study was conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Treatments consisted of two proprietary cultivars (ST 474 and DP 5409), each defoliated on the basis of OBPD measurements. At the time of defoliation, NACB was recorded and lint samples were retained for later high volume instrumentation (HVI) analysis. Neither variety produced consistently higher yields than the other in this study. In 2000, delaying defoliation from 40 to 60 OBPD would have resulted in a significant addition of approximately 75 kg lint ha -1 for either variety. Stoneville 474 micronaire was highest in all years suggesting that timely defoliation is more critical to ST 474 cotton compared with DP 5409 in years when overall conditions are favorable for high micronaire. DP 5409 fiber length (UHM) values were consistently higher than ST 474 and UHM was unaffected by changes in OBPD values regardless of variety. Stoneville 474 had higher uniformity index (UI) values in all three years and delaying defoliation produced mixed results. The data demonstrate that proper defoliation timing strategies aimed at optimizing quality can vary across varieties. Proper defoliation timing in the two varieties examined in this study varied little with respect to yields. Both NACB and micronaire readings taken at defoliation were more effective for timing defoliation to optimize micronaire readings than OBPD.