cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dependence of dielectric response of an elastomer on hydrostatic pressure

Dielectric methods have been employed to study the high-pressure behavior of a polyurethane elastomer (Solithane 113) in the vicinity of its α transition. The α-loss peak is shifted to higher temperatures and broadened somewhat with the application of hydrostatic pressure up to 6.4 kbars. The slope of Tα vs. P, or dTα/dP, obtained at low frequencies was found to be equal to dTg/dP obtained by a volumetric method. Moreover, it attained a nonzero limiting value at high pressures for each frequency tested (3—30,000 Hz) and the limiting value itself increased with increasing frequency from 10.5°C/kbar at 3 Hz to 18°C/kbar at 30,000 Hz. The activation enthalpy ΔH* was found to be nearly constant over the pressure range tested, but the activation volume ΔV* decreased with increasing pressure. The relation dTα/dP = T (ΔV*/ΔH*) was shown to hold for the elastomer.
Psychiatric disorders in older primary care patients.

OBJECTIVE: Most older people with psychiatric disorders are never treated by mental health specialists, although they visit their primary care physicians regularly. There are no published studies describing the broad array of psychiatric disorders in such patients using validated diagnostic instruments. We therefore characterized Axis I psychiatric diagnoses among older patients seen in primary care.
Interactions between nitrogen jets and liquid lead and tin streams

Abstract The break-up of a stream of liquid metal by high-velocity gas jets is an important technique for the production of metal powders. For a reasonably complex atomization geometry using four nitrogen jets, high-speed and schlieren photography have been used to gain an understanding of the influence on the disintegration of streams of lead and tin of variables such as metal and gas flow rates and the nature of flow in the gas and metal streams. The actual mechanism of disintegration and the resulting particle size distributions have been discussed by use of detailed experimental information on the velocity distributions in the system of four nitrogen jets. The process of disintegration may be divided into three stages: primary disintegration, secondary disintegration and solidification. The conditions for each of these stages are discussed.
The High Mannose Glycans from Bovine Ribonuclease B Isomer Characterization by Ion Trap MS

Thirteen high mannose isomers have been structurally characterized within three glycomers, Man5GlcNAc2, Man7GlcNAc2, and Man8GlcNAc2 released from bovine ribonuclease B, six previously unreported. The study was carried out with a single ion trap instrument involving no chromatography. Three previously characterized isomers from Man7 and Man8 (three each) have been identified plus one unreported Man7 isomer. Incomplete α-glucosidase activity on the Man6 and Man7 glycoproteins appears to account for two additional isomeric structures. The preeminence of ion traps for detail analysis was further demonstrated by resolving three new isomers within the Man5 glycomer summing to the six previously unreported structures in this glycoprotein. All reported structures represent a distribution of Golgi processing remnants that fall within the Man9GlcNAc2 footprint. Topologies were defined by ion compositions along a disassembly pathway while linkage and branching were aided by spectral identity in a small oligomer fragment library. Isomers from this glycoprotein appear to represent a distribution of Golgi processing remnants, and an alphanumeric classification scheme has been devised to identify all products. Although numerous analytical strategies have been introduced to identify selected components of structure, it has been the continued focus of this and previous reports to only build upon protocols that can be integrated into a high throughput strategy consistent with automation. Duplication of these and results from comparable standards could bring an important analytical focus to carbohydrate sequencing that is greatly lacking.
Subject Matrices: An Innovative, Collaborative Approach to Serving the Agricultural Sciences

In 2009, Kansas State University Libraries (K-State Libraries) moved from subject-based departments to user-based departments. From this change, subject matrices, including the Agriculture and Biological Science Matrix, were developed to address subject-related issues. This matrix is comprised of librarians from many K-State Libraries’ departments and is a conduit for sharing information interdepartmentally and developing collaborative opportunities. Libraries wishing to maintain a traditional subject-liaison model can adapt key principles underlying the matrix. Subject liaisons can go beyond siloed perspectives by soliciting advice from individuals outside the library. Another approach is to disturb established structures and introduce selective pressure to inspire innovation.
Foraging range of honey bees, Apis mellifera, in alfalfa seed production fields

A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 designed to examine the foraging range of honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in a 15.2 km2 area dominated by a 128.9 ha glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready® alfalfa seed production field and several non-Roundup Ready alfalfa seed production fields (totaling 120.2 ha). Each year, honey bee self-marking devices were placed on 112 selected honey bee colonies originating from nine different apiary locations. The foraging bees exiting each apiary location were uniquely marked so that the apiary of origin and the distance traveled by the marked (field-collected) bees into each of the alfalfa fields could be pinpointed. Honey bee self-marking devices were installed on 14.4 and 11.2% of the total hives located within the research area in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The frequency of field-collected bees possessing a distinct mark was similar, averaging 14.0% in 2006 and 12.6% in 2007. A grand total of 12,266 bees were collected from the various alfalfa fields on seven sampling dates over the course of the study. The distances traveled by marked bees ranged from a minimum of 45 m to a maximum of 5983 m. On average, marked bees were recovered ∼ 800 m from their apiary of origin and the recovery rate of marked bees decreased exponentially as the distance from the apiary of origin increased. Ultimately, these data will be used to identify the extent of pollen-mediated gene flow from Roundup Ready to conventional alfalfa.
Inferring Tutorial Dialogue Structure with Hidden Markov Modeling

The field of intelligent tutoring systems has seen many successes in recent years. A significant remaining challenge is the automatic creation of corpus-based tutorial dialogue management models. This paper reports on early work toward this goal. We identify tutorial dialogue modes in an unsupervised fashion using hidden Markov models (HMMs) trained on input sequences of manually-labeled dialogue acts and adjacency pairs. The two best-fit HMMs are presented and compared with respect to the dialogue structure they suggest; we also discuss potential uses of the methodology for future work.
Metals far from equilibrium: From shocks to radiation damage

Abstract Shock waves and high-energy particle radiation can each drive materials far from thermodynamic equilibrium and enable novel scenarios in the processing of materials. A large number of theoretical and experimental studies of shock deformation have been performed on polycrystalline materials, but shock deformation in single crystals has only recently been studied in some detail. We present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the shock response of single crystal copper, modeled using an embedded atom potential that reproduces both defect formation and high pressure behavior. Shock-induced plasticity will also be discussed. Predicting the in-service response of ferritic alloys in future fusion energy environments requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of defect accumulation and microstructure evolution in harsh radiation environments, which include a high level of He generation concurrent with primary damage production. The second half of this paper describes results of atomistic MD and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the role of He on point defect cluster behaviour and damage accumulation in bcc Fe. The goal of these simulations is to study the mechanisms responsible for the formation of vacancy-He clusters which serve as He bubble and void nuclei in fusion reactor materials.
Using a Combination of Teaching and Learning Strategies and Standardized Patient for a Successful Autism Simulation

Abstract This article describes the development and evaluation of a first run realistic autism scenario for senior nursing students. Providing a case study, lecture, examination questions, and a synopsis of the simulation benefited student success. The debriefing yielded rich information. Students often expressed difficulty in communicating with and prioritizing care for the teenage patient but were empathetic with the patient's mother. Students felt that the simulation was the best they had experienced in the nursing program and that it helped them with communication, critical thinking, prioritization, and assessment strategies, during a realistic experience.
Misrepresentation of publications by radiology residency applicants.

Rationale and Objectives. The authors' purpose was to determine the extent of misrepresentation of research publications by radiology resident applicants. Materials and Methods. The authors reviewed 379 consecutive applications, including curricula vitae, for a radiology residency program in 1996. All reported publications and "in-press" articles were checked by means of a medline search. Results. Of the 379 applicants, 108 were from medical schools in the United States, and 271 were from international medical schools. Seventy-three applicants listed articles published or in press on their applications (24 U.S., 49 international applicants). Of 286 separate citations in the applications, 105 were found with the medline search, and 181 were not found. Of the latter, 168 cited journals were not indexed in medline or the applicants did not include sufficient information to verify their existence. Thirteen citations (from eight applicants; three U.S., five international) were not found even though they cited journals indexed by medline. Conclusion. Of all applicants reporting publications, 11% likely misrepresented them on their applications. A large percentage of citations, however, could not be verified because of insufficient information in the citation or claimed publication in a journal not available on medline. Radiology residency program directors should be aware of this uncommon, but important, problem.
Imaging surface/crystallographic shear plane intersections on the Mo18O52(100) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy

The contrast in atomic-scale resolution scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of the unreconstructed Mo18O52(100) surface has been directly compared to components of the bulk structure. The features of interest that are identified in the STM images are the surface/crystallographic shear (CS) plane intersections and the different MoOx coordination polyhedra. The intersection of the CS planes with the crystal surface creates a step-like feature that we call a “shear step” and MoO4 groups have contrast that makes them appear larger or brighter than the MoO6 groups. The identification of such features on this complex, yet well-ordered, surface will facilitate the interpretation of images from defective surfaces.
EFFECT OF GUANIDINIUM SALTS ON THE TOXICITY OF BOTULINUM TOXIN.

Abstract : The effect of guanidinium salts on the stability of botulinum toxin and the mechanisms through which denaturation by these salts occurs is described. Some salts are effective in reducing toxicity at low concentrations; in others, toxicity is retainedeven in saturated solution. The nature of the interaction is complex, involving more than a change in folding or conformation. The hypothesis that salt solutions with high thermodynamic water activity labilize the hydrogen-bonded structure of the protein is shown to be invalid. Also shown to be inapplicable is the hypothesis that a direct effect of the anion on the quanidinium cation leads to a reduction of its thermodynamic activity and ability to break hydrogen bonds. The protective mechanism appears to operate via binding of anions across clusters of cationic sites on the charged protein to preserve spatial configurations and charge distributions.
DRE: A Framework for Early Co-Evaluation of Design Rules, Technology Choices, and Layout Methodologies

Design rules have been the primary contract between technology developers and designers and are likely to remain so to preserve abstractions and productivity. While current approaches for defining design rules are largely unsystematic and empirical in nature, this paper offers a novel framework for early and systematic evaluation of design rules and layout styles in terms of major layout characteristics of area, manufacturability, and variability. The framework essentially creates a virtual standard-cell library and performs the evaluation based on the virtual layouts. Due to the focus on the exploration of rules at an early stage of technology development, we use first-order models of variability and manufacturability (instead of relying on accurate simulation) and layout topology/congestion-based area estimates (instead of explicit and slow layout generation). Such a framework can be used to co-evaluate and cooptimize design rules, patterning technologies, layout methodologies, and library architectures.
Methods of Surgical Stabilization for Metastatic Disease of the Spine

A variety of surgical techniques is available for treatment of metastatic disease of the spine. Prior emphasis on the use of these procedures has been on their benefit as a palliative measure to relieve signs and symptoms of spinal cord and nerve root compression not aided by radiation therapy and corticosteroid administration. More recently, development of surgical techniques that combine neural decompression with restoration of spinal stability has brought about consideration of additional indications for surgery in the treatment of metastatic disease of the spine. The present scope of such surgical procedures is reviewed along with identification of the most reliable selection factors for surgical candidates in order to improve functional outcome from surgical treatment of metastatic disease of the spine. Over 70 surgical series with more than 2,000 patients treated were reviewed.
Epistemic Beliefs and Achievement Motivation in Early Adolescence

This study seeks to establish the relevance of middle school students’ naive beliefs about knowledge and learning in science to their achievement motivation in this domain. A predominantly Hispanic and lower-income sample of 459 middle school students (sixth through eighth grades) completed measures of epistemic beliefs along with several measures of motivation. Results indicated that a belief that scientific knowledge develops and that justification is necessary to valid knowledge in science were positively related to mastery goals, task value, and self-efficacy. Epistemic beliefs were also found to predict science grades over and above the contributions of motivational factors. Surprisingly, an uncritical acceptance of authority figures and a belief in scientific knowledge as certain were more typical of students who adopted motivational states (e.g., mastery goals) previously found to be supportive of learning. The latter findings may be unique to early adolescence within the ethnic and socioeconomic s...
Molecular genetic features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

Recent developments in molecular genetics have provided insights on the molecular mechanisms that lead to myelodysplasias (MDS), secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), therapy-induced AML, and elderly AML. These disorders are characterized by dysregulation of growth and differentiation of multilineage stem cells, a genetic profile characterized by unbalanced abnormalities that result in unfavorable cytogenetics,' and an Increased frequency of intrinsic multidrug resistance. The unfavorable cytogenetics associated with this group of disorders include chromosome 5 and 7 monosomy, deletions of the long arm of chromosomes 5 and 7, inversions of chromosome 3, translocations, deletions and trisomies involving several other chromosomes. Presumably, these unbalanced chromosomal aberrations result in hemizygosity and unmasking of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolic detoxification enzymes, defective DNA repair mechanisms, and intrinsic chromosomal instability have been implicated in the etiology of the myelodysplastic syndromes. It is evident that the cytogenetics associated with MDS are highly complex and heterogeneous. This review summarizes the most recent developments in the understanding of the molecular changes associated with the development of myelodysplasias and related leukemic disorders.
Nicotinic Acid Limitation Regulates Silencing of Candida Adhesins During UTI

The adherence of Candida glabrata to host cells is mediated, at least in part, by the EPA genes, a family of adhesins encoded at subtelomeric loci, where they are subject to transcriptional silencing. We show that normally silent EPA genes are expressed during murine urinary tract infection (UTI) and that the inducing signal is the limitation of nicotinic acid (NA), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). C. glabrata is an NA auxotroph, and NA-induced EPA expression is likely the result of a reduction in NAD+ availability for the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2p. The adaptation of C. glabrata to the host, therefore, involves a loss of metabolic capacity and exploitation of the resulting auxotrophy to signal a particular host environment.
Conformational preferences of zampanolide and dactylolide.

The solution conformation behavior of the macrolide core of microtubule-stabilizing agents (−)-zampanolide and (−)-dactylolide has been determined through a combination of high-field NMR experiments and computational modeling. Taken together, the results demonstrate that in solution both molecules exist as a mixture of three interconverting conformational families, one of which bears strong resemblance to zampanolide’s tubulin-bound conformation.
Solution of the Sharpe-Lotka population model via a modified method of characteristics

The Sharpe-Lotka population model is well known in demography for examining the distribution of a population based on known birth and death rates. An analytical solution has been found for this model only for a portion of the domain of interest. This paper introduces an algorithm for computation of a numerical approximation to Sharpe-Lotka in the region where a known analytical solution does not exist. The algorithm presented will be shown to be of low cost, while retaining high accuracy of the approximate solution.
Instability of hot electroweak theory: Bounds on mH and mt.

The electroweak vacuum need not be absolutely stable. For certain top-quark and Higgs-boson masses in the minimal standard model, it is instead metastable with a lifetime exceeding the present age of the Universe. The decay of our vacuum may be nucleated at low temperature by quantum tunneling or at high temperature by thermal excitation. We show that the requirement that the vacuum survive the high temperatures of the early Universe places the strongest constraints from vacuum stability on the top-quark and Higgs-boson masses in the minimal standard model. If a single Higgs boson is found experimentally, these constraints may place an upper bound on the scale of new physics beyond the minimal standard model. In contrast with other work, we examine temperatures very large compared to the scale of weak symmetry restoration and find much stronger bounds. We also present a simple analytic approximation that directly relates the bounds to the running coupling constants of the minimal standard model.
Earthworms and litter management contributions to ecosystem services in a tropical agroforestry system.

The development of sustainable agricultural systems depends in part upon improved management of non-crop species to enhance the overall functioning and provision of services by agroecosystems. To address this need, our research examined the role of earthworms and litter management on nutrient dynamics, soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization, and crop growth in the Quesungual agroforestry system of western Honduras. Field mesocosms were established with two earthworm treatments (0 vs. 8 Pontoscolex corethrurus individuals per mesocosm) and four litter quality treatments: (1) low-quality Zea mays, (2) high-quality Diphysa robinioides, (3) a mixture of low- and high-quality litters, and (4) a control with no organic residues applied. Mesocosms included a single Z. mays plant and additions of 15N-labeled inorganic nitrogen. At maize harvest, surface soils (0–15 cm) in the mesocosms were sampled to determine total and available P as well as the distribution of C, N, and 15N among different aggregate-associate...
Herbivory by the Caribbean king crab on coral patch reefs

Caribbean coral reefs are increasingly dominated by macroalgae instead of corals due to several factors, including the decline of herbivores. Yet, virtually unknown is the role of crustacean macrograzers on coral reef macroalgae. We examined the effect of grazing by the Caribbean king crab (Mithrax spinosissimus) on coral patch reef algal communities in the Florida Keys, Florida (USA), by: (1) measuring crab selectivity and consumption of macroalgae, (2) estimating crab density, and (3) comparing the effect of crab herbivory to that of fishes. Mithrax prefers fleshy macroalgae, but it also consumes relatively unpalatable calcareous algae. Per capita grazing rates by Mithrax exceed those of most herbivorous fish, but Mithrax often occurs at low densities on reefs and its foraging activities are reduced in predator-rich environments. Therefore, the effects of grazing by Mithrax tend to be localized and when at low density contribute primarily to spatial heterogeneity in coral reef macroalgal communities.
Linear Instability Analysis for Toroidal Plasma Flow Equilibria

The non-self-adjoint Frieman?Rotenberg equation for the linear ideal magnetohydrodynamic modes in flow equilibria is numerically solved in shaped finite-aspect ratio axisymmetric tokamak geometry. A quadratic form is derived from this equation, and, in particular, the self-adjoint force operator with finite toroidal rotation is cast into a manifestly self-adjoint form. The toroidal rotational velocities in the subsonic regime are considered. The quadratic form is discretized by a mixed finite-element procedure in the radial direction and by Fourier modes in the periodic directions. The mode frequency of the unstable mode is located by root searching, and the final root refinement is obtained by a rapid inverse iteration procedure for complex roots. The real part of then= 1 internal kink mode scales linearly with the plasma rotation, and the imaginary part of the unstable mode is at least an order of magnitude higher in the presence of high plasma rotation velocities. The kink mode is also found to be unstable at high rotation velocities, even when the axis safety factor is above unity. The instability characterized by these features is termed here as the “centrifugal” instability. The centrifugal kink instability would have finite real parts, as shown by the plasma rotation observed in plasma devices such as tokamaks. To explain the features of this mode, the plasma rotation should be taken into account. Therein lies the usefulness of the computational analysis presented here.
Failure to maintain equivalence of groups in cognitive research: Evidence from dual-task methodology

Poulton (1982) has criticized within-subject manipulations of the standard conditions for dual-task methodology. Two experiments compared between-versus within-subject designs employing lexical decisions. The results confirmed Poulton’s claim of asymmetry of transfer within repeated measure designs. Conclusions regarding attention allocation, therefore, are equivocal in comparison with independent groups designs.
Immunotherapy and radiation

Radiation therapy and immunotherapy are both well-established treatments for malignant disease. Radiotherapy has long been utilized for purposes of providing local tumor control, and the recent success with novel immunomodulatory agents has brought immunotherapy into the forefront of clinical practice for the treatment of many tumor types. Although radiotherapy has traditionally been thought to mediate tumor regression through direct cytotoxic effects, it is now known that radiation also alters the local tumor microenvironment with effects on both the local and systemic anti-tumor immune response. There is growing evidence that the rational integration of the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy with the expanding armamentarium of clinically approved immunotherapeutics can yield potent anti-tumor responses exceeding the benefit of either therapy alone. Here we summarize current approaches to the combination of immunotherapy with radiation therapy.
Human embryonic stem cell cultivation: historical perspective and evolution of xeno-free culture systems

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have emerged as attractive candidates for cell-based therapies that are capable of restoring lost cell and tissue function. These unique cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and have the capacity to differentiate in to all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Harnessing the power of these pluripotent stem cells could potentially offer new therapeutic treatment options for a variety of medical conditions. Since the initial derivation of hESC lines in 1998, tremendous headway has been made in better understanding stem cell biology and culture requirements for maintenance of pluripotency. The approval of the first clinical trials of hESC cells for treatment of spinal cord injury and macular degeneration in 2010 marked the beginning of a new era in regenerative medicine. Yet it was clearly recognized that the clinical utility of hESC transplantation was still limited by several challenges. One of the most immediate issues has been the exposure of stem cells to animal pathogens, during hESC derivation and during in vitro propagation. Initial culture protocols used co-culture with inactivated mouse fibroblast feeder (MEF) or human feeder layers with fetal bovine serum or alternatively serum replacement proteins to support stem cell proliferation. Most hESC lines currently in use have been exposed to animal products, thus carrying the risk of xeno-transmitted infections and immune reaction. This mini review provides a historic perspective on human embryonic stem cell culture and the evolution of new culture models. We highlight the challenges and advances being made towards the development of xeno-free culture systems suitable for therapeutic applications.
Organizational Technologies and Human Resource Management

This article develops a model that integrates organizational level technology research with human resource management strategies. The model relates dimensions of technical processes to human resource practices, focusing on practices used to develop employees. These relationships are mediated by the type of skills employees use. An empirical study of 139 employees found support for two hypotheses developed from the model. Results suggested that technology and HRM activities are connected through the level of cognitive skill complexity and the amount of support employees receive in developing new skills. Due to changes in the way decisions are made in organizations today (for example, making more decisions at lower levels) the connection between the work process, the skills employees need, and the emphasis on developing employees will become increasingly important.
General Concepts and Domain-Specific Concepts: An Argument about the Study of Religion in Sociology

General concepts that illuminate topics across subfields are highly valued in sociology. Because the discipline encompasses a large number of diverse subfields, though, many of the concepts that are most useful within subfields are domain-specific. In practice, a dialectical relationship exists between the two. General concepts gain attention by drawing on and organizing domain-specific concepts. Research within subfields draws on general concepts to modify domain-specific concepts. In many instances, research demonstrates that general concepts must be specified in terms of other variables and contexts to inform empirical research. I illustrate these processes with examples from the study of religion in sociology, suggesting that this perspective is more helpful for understanding the disciplinary contributions of sociology of religion than bemoaning its apparent marginality.
Photonic crystal heterostructure cavity lasers

We demonstrate the lasing characteristics of a photonic crystal heterostructure cavity. Feedback to slow Bloch modes using a heterostructure confinement design produces single mode lasing at 1551 nm.
Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Blocks Interferon Signaling by Interaction with the STAT1 SH2 Domain

Emerging data have indicated that hepatitis C virus (HCV) subverts the host antiviral response to ensure its persistence. We previously demonstrated that HCV protein expression suppresses type I interferon (IFN) signaling by leading to the reduction of phosphorylated STAT1 (P-STAT1). We also demonstrated that HCV core protein directly bound to STAT1. However, the detailed mechanisms by which HCV core protein impacts IFN signaling components have not been fully clarified. In this report, we show that the STAT1 interaction domain resides in the N-terminal portion of HCV core (amino acids [aa] 1 to 23). This domain is also required to produce P-STAT1 reduction and inhibit IFN signaling transduction. Conversely, the C-terminal region of STAT1, specifically the SH2 domain (aa 577 to 684), is required for the interaction of HCV core with STAT1. The STAT1 SH2 domain is critical for STAT1 hetero- or homodimerization. We propose a model by which the binding of HCV core to STAT1 results in decreased P-STAT, blocked STAT1 heterodimerization to STAT2, and, therefore, reduced IFN-stimulated gene factor-3 binding to DNA and disrupted IFN-stimulated gene transcription.
Adaptable architectural middleware for programming-in-the-small-and-many

A recent emergence of small, resource-constrained, and highly-mobile computing platforms presents numerous new challenges for software developers. We refer to development in this new setting as programming-in-the-small-and-many (Prism). This paper provides a description and evaluation of a middleware intended to support software architecture-based development in the Prism setting. The middleware, called Prism-MW, provides highly efficient and scalable implementation-level support for the key aspects of Prism application architectures. Additionally, Prism-MW is easily extensible to support different application requirements suitable for the Prism setting. Prism-MW is accompanied with design, analysis, deployment, and run-time monitoring tool support. It has been applied in a number of applications and used as an educational tool in a graduate-level embedded systems course. Recently, Prism-MW has been successfully evaluated by a major industrial organization for use in one of their key distributed embedded systems. Our experience with the middleware indicates that the principles of architecture-based software development can be successfully, and flexibly, applied in the Prism setting.
Not all sources of familiarity are created equal: the case of word frequency and repetition in episodic recognition

Low-frequency (LF) words produce higher hit rates and lower false alarm rates than high-frequency (HF) words. This word frequency mirror pattern has been interpreted within dual-process models of recognition, which assume the contributions of a slower recollective process and a relatively fast-acting familiarity process. In the present experiments, recollection and familiarity were placed in opposition using Jacoby, L. L., Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513–541 (1991), two-list exclusion paradigm with HF and LF words. Exclusion errors to LF words exceeded those to HF words at fast deadlines, whereas the reverse occurred at slow deadlines. In Experiments 2 and 3, false alarms to HF nonpresented lures were higher than to LF nonpresented lures, indicating the use of baseline familiarity for totally new items. Combined, these results indicate that in addition to baseline familiarity and recollection, a third process involving the assessment of a relative change in familiarity is involved in recognition performance. Both relative changes in familiarity and recollection processes have distinct time courses and are engaged when there is diagnostic list information available, whereas baseline familiarity is used when there is no diagnostic information available (e.g., for nonpresented lure items).
Internet Daters' Body Type Preferences: Race-Ethnic and Gender Differences

Employing a United States sample of 5,810 Yahoo heterosexual internet dating profiles, this study finds race–ethnicity and gender influence body type preferences for dates, with men and whites significantly more likely than women and non-whites to have such preferences. White males are more likely than non-white men to prefer to date thin and toned women, while African-American and Latino men are significantly more likely than white men to prefer female dates with thick or large bodies. Compatible with previous research showing non-whites have greater body satisfaction and are less influenced by mainstream media than whites, our findings suggest Latinos and African Americans negotiate dominant white idealizations of thin female bodies with their own cultures’ greater acceptance of larger body types.
Social desirability does not confound reports of wellbeing or of socio-demographic attributes by older women

This study assesses the relationship of social desirability response bias with self-reported physical, mental and cognitive health, successful ageing, and socio-demographic attributes among 1,860 older women at the University of California, San Diego's Clinical Center for the Women's Health Initiative and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging. The women were aged between 57 and 91 years and lived in the San Diego community. Measures included a ten-item Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and self-report scales of physical, mental and cognitive health, successful ageing and wellbeing, as well as standard socio-demographic attributes. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression models indicated that social desirability scores negatively associated with self-reported levels of hostility, anxiety, perceived stress and self-reported cognitive failures, and that they predicted additional variance in multiple regression analyses above models containing socio-demographic predictors alone. On the other hand, even the strongest associations were what are generally considered ‘small effects’ (r<0.30). Overall, while the findings support the general validity of most of the self-report measures in studies of normal and successful ageing, consideration of social desirability response bias in the interpretation of self-reports of low levels of some key constructs (anxiety, hostility, stress, self-perceived cognitive deficits) is warranted.
Occupancy and synergistic activation of the FMR1 promoter by Nrf-1 and Sp1 in vivo

Fragile X syndrome is due to mutation of the FMR1 gene. The most common mutation is an expansion of a CGG repeat in the 5' UTR that triggers dense DNA methylation and formation of a heterochromatin-like structure which lead to transcriptional silencing. In vitro experiments have identified several transcription factors, including Sp1, Nrf-1 and USF1/2, as potential regulators of normal FMR1 promoter activity. Using CpG methylation-deficient Drosophila cells, we demonstrate in vivo that Nrf-1 and Sp1 are strong, synergistic activators of an unmethylated human FMR1-driven reporter, while USF1/2 and Max repress this activation. In addition, analyses of transcription factor activity upon DNA methylation of the reporter show that Sp1 activity was largely intact when the promoter was densely methylated, but Nrf-1 transactivation was very sensitive to dense methylation. Notably, Nrf-1 transactivation was relatively insensitive to methylation of cytosines only at its binding site. FMR1 reporter activity is also reduced in HeLa cells after expression of a short interfering RNA directed against endogenous Nrf-1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate directly that Sp1 and Nrf-1 occupy the human FMR1 promoter in vivo and these interactions are disrupted in fragile X patient cells. In addition, we discover that Max resides at the FMR1 promoter and show that USF1/2 but not c-Myc are present at endogenous FMR1. These findings provide the first direct in vivo evidence identifying the specific transcription factors that regulate FMR1.
Tetrahydro‐1.2.4‐triazin

s-Triazin reagiert mit [β-Amino-athyl]-hydrazin unter Bildung eines Tetrahydro-1.2.4-triazins (II). Alle Versuche zur Dehydrierung dieser Verbindung zum lange gesuchten Stammkorper dieser Reihe scheiterten, anscheinend, weil die angewandten Dehydrierungsmittel primar die NHNH-Gruppe von II angreifen unter Bildung einer cyclischen Azoverbindung, die dann sehr leicht unter. Stickstoffentwicklung zerfallt.
Characterization of Mouse IFT Complex B

The primary cilium plays a key role in the development of mammals and in the maintenance of health. Primary cilia are assembled and maintained by the process of intraflagellar transport (IFT). In this work, we characterize mouse IFT complex B by identifying all of the mammalian orthologues of complex B and B-associated proteins previously identified in Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis and also identify a new component (IFT25/Hspb11) of complex B by database analysis. We tagged each of these proteins with the FLAG epitope and show that all except IFT172 and IFT20 localize to cilia and the peri-basal body or centrosomal region at the base of cilia. All of the proteins except IFT172 immunoprecipitate IFT88 indicating that they are co-assembled into a complex. IFT20 is the only complex B protein that localizes to the Golgi apparatus. However, overexpression of IFT54/Traf3ip1, the mouse orthologue of Dyf-11/Elipsa, displaces IFT20 from the Golgi apparatus. IFT54 does not localize to the Golgi complex nor does it interact with GMAP210, which is the protein that anchors IFT20 to the Golgi apparatus. This suggests that IFT54s effect on IFT20 is a dominant negative phenotype caused by its overexpression.
Evaluation of the complexity of open abdominal aneurysm repair in the era of endovascular stent grafting.

Objective Endovascular repair has proven to be an effective treatment for many abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Aneurysms that require open repair have usually been disqualified from an endovascular approach as a result of a variety of anatomic constraints, which may also make open repair more difficult. Our purpose was to review open AAA repair and assess the complexity of the operative procedure and associated morbidity and mortality data in the era of endovascular stent grafting. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 606 patients undergoing elective open AAA repair at a single tertiary care community hospital from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2004. Patients with ruptured aneurysms and all endovascular repairs were excluded. Patients were grouped into two categories. Group 1 included 301 patients who underwent open repair before the initiation of an endovascular stent grafting program in November 1999. Group 2 included 305 patients who underwent open repair after the initiation of the stent graft program. Operative reports were reviewed to determine the location of the proximal aortic cross clamp, management of the renal vein, associated iliac aneurysmal or occlusive disease, and type of surgical reconstruction. Morbidity, mortality, and disposition data were compared for the two groups and subjected to χ 2 analysis. Results Suprarenal aortic cross-clamp placement was required in 6% of group 1 patients and 20% of group 2 patients ( P P P P Conclusions Surgeons performing open repair of AAA in the era of endovascular stent grafting are operating on patients who require more complex repairs, including a greater frequency of suprarenal cross clamping, renal vein division, and management of associated iliac aneurysmal and occlusive disease. Despite this, morbidity and mortality rates are similar to those in patients operated on before the initiation of an endovascular stent grafting program.
Estimating Degree Attainment Rates of Freshmen: A Campus Perspective

While Chapman University's six-year graduation rate has been increasing steadily in the last few years, the institution continues to seek better ways to retain its students. Accordingly, our attention has focused on trying to identify freshman students who are more likely to be retained and those who are likely to depart college prior to degree completion. Using the models developed by the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI), Chapman University's four- and six-year estimated degree completion rates were computed and compared to the actual rates. The four- and six-year estimated and actual degree completion rates differed by only 0.6 and 6.3 percentage points, respectively. The models presented by Astin and Oseguera (2002)1 allow us to explore a variety of student characteristics (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, in- and out-of-state status, admit status, and GPA) when examining estimated and actual degree completion rates and provide us with an opportunity to take a proactive approach to student reten...
From the German Schoolmaster's Psychology to the Psychology of the Child: Evolving Rationales for the Teaching of History in U.S. Schools in the 1890s

The rationale for teaching history proposed by most professional historians in the 1890s was based on faculty psychology—the theory that the mind was composed of mental faculties such as memory and will that could be strengthened like muscles. However, over the course of the decade this approach was gradually replaced by a functional approach to mind and society, which had roots in the new psychology of Wilhelm Wundt. This development was accompanied by a pedagogical shift in learning theory from an emphasis on exertion of the students' will to engaging students' interest. John Dewey, William James, and the American followers of German pedagogical theorist, Johann Frederich Herbart, directly challenged the faculty psychology of the German-inspired professional historians but still placed history at the center of their pedagogical schemes. As a result, history gained a central place in U.S. elementary and secondary curriculum during these years, but paradoxically the new psychology gradually eroded the influence of professional historians on the curriculum, because they failed to acknowledge these emerging pedagogical and psychological theories.
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of fecal incontinence: a systematic evidence review.

Importance and ObjectivesPosterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a potential emerging therapy for fecal incontinence (FI). The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the efficacy of PTNS as a treatment of FI.Evidence AcquisitionWe searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE
Microsoft Visual C++/CLI Step by Step

Your hands-on guide to Visual C++/CLI fundamentals Expand your expertiseand teach yourself the fundamentals of the Microsoft Visual C++/CLI language. If you have previous programming experience but are new to Visual C++, this tutorial delivers the step-by-step guidance and coding exercises you need to master core topics and techniques. Discover how to:Write and debug object-oriented C++ programs in Visual Studio 2012 Utilize the various features of the C++/CLI language Make use of the Microsoft .NET Framework Class Library Create a simple Windows Store app Use .NET features such as properties, delegates and events Access data from disparate sources using ADO.NET Create and consume web services using Windows Communication Foundation Work effectively with legacy code and COM
Submanifolds of Kähler and Sasakian Manifolds

In this chapter we study submanifolds in both contact and Kahler geometry. These are extensive subjects in their own right, and we give only a few basic results.
Dental Students’ Perceived Value of Peer-Mentoring Clinical Leadership Experiences

This pilot study compared second- and fourth-year dental students' perceived values of newly implemented clinical leadership experiences (CLEs) at one U.S. dental school during the 2012-13 academic year. In the CLEs, fourth-year (D4) students mentored second-year (D2) dental students during faculty-supervised patient treatment. The two cohorts' perceived value of the experiences was measured with questionnaires consisting of five-point Likert scale questions and open text responses. Out of a total of 114 D2 and 109 D4 students, 46 D2 students and 35 D4 students participated (response rates of 40.4% and 32.1%, respectively). While responses from both cohorts showed they highly valued the CLEs, the D2s perceived greater value: 4.07 (0.53) v. 3.51 (0.95), p<0.003. Both cohorts reported feeling that D4s were prepared to mentor D2s, that the CLEs had educational benefits, and that the CLEs increased their comfort with peer communication. Theme analysis of open text questions revealed that the respondents perceived the D4s were more accessible than faculty and provided guidance and individual attention; the CLEs increased student comfort; the CLEs reinforced D4 skills, knowledge, and confidence; and the CLEs provided management, leadership, and collaborative work experience. Theme analysis also highlighted student concerns about a lack of program structure. Overall, the majority of both groups valued CLEs in their dental education. Particular advantages they perceived were increased comfort, guidance, and attention. Further program development should address student concerns. These results suggest that similar programs should be considered and/or expanded in other dental schools' curricula.