cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of left ventricular performance in coronary heart disease: Use of isometric handgrip stress test

The usefulness of isometric handgrip exercise in the assessment of left ventricular function was studied in 27 patients, all of whom had angiographically documented coronary artery disease. The effect of extensiveness of coronary disease and presence or absence of collaterals (both delineated by coronary arteriography) on the response to handgrip stress was also evaluated. Of 11 patients with a normal handgrip response, 4 exhibited a normal left ventriculogram and 7 were abnormal. Of these 7, 6 had inferior hypokinesis. Conversely, of 16 patients with an abnormal response to handgrip, 15 had abnormal ventriculograms. Of these, 9 had anterior akinesis. Of patients with a normal handgrip response 82% had two- or three-vessel coronary disease, and 94% with an abnormal response exhibited two- or three-vessel obstruction. There was no observed correlation between the presence or absence of collaterals and the response to handgrip. This study indicates that (1) handgrip stress, when combined with left ventriculography, often yields important additional information regarding the effect of localized contraction abnormalities on overall left ventricular performance; (2) the extent of coronary obstructive disease or the presence of collaterals per se do not appear to be the primary determinants of left ventricular performance; (3) it is possible that the location as well as severity and extent of left ventricular contraction abnormality may play an important role in determining overall left ventricular performance.
C-DEM: a multi-modal query system for Drosophila Embryo databases

The amount of biological data publicly available has experienced an exponential growth as the technology advances. Online databases are now playing an important role as information repositories as well as easily accessible platforms for researchers to communicate and contribute. Recent research projects in image bioinformatics produce a number of databases of images, which visualize the spatial expression pattern of a gene (eg. "fj"), and most of which also have one or several annotation keywords (eg., "embryonic hindgut").C-DEM is an online system for Drosophila (= fruit-fly) Embryo images Mining. It supports queries from all three modalities to all three, namely, (a) genes, (b) images of gene expression, and (c) annotation keywords of the images. Thus, it can find images that are similar to a given image, and/or related to the desirable annotation keywords, and/or related to specific genes. Typical queries are what are most suitable keywords to assign to image insitu28465.jpg or find images that are related to gene "fj", and to the keyword "embryonic hindgut". C-DEM uses state-of-the-art feature extraction methods for images (wavelets and principal component analysis). It envisions the whole database as a tri-partite graph (one type for each modality), and it uses fast and flexible proximity measures, namely, random walk with restarts (RWR).In addition to flexible querying, C-DEM allows for navigation: the user can click on the results of an earlier query (image thumbnails and/or keywords and/or genes), and the system will report the most related images (and keywords, and genes). The demo is on a real Drosophila Embryo database, with 10,204 images, 2,969 distinct genes, and 113 annotation keywords. The query response time is below one second on a commodity desktop.
Intensity of segregation revisited

Danckwerts' (1958) measure of micromixing is discussed, and a related measure is introduced.
Primary Care–based, Pharmacist–physician Collaborative Medication-therapy Management of Hypertension: A Randomized, Pragmatic Trial

Purpose: A collaborative pharmacist–primary care provider (PharmD-PCP) team approach to medicationtherapy management (MTM), with pharmacists initiating and changing medications at separate office visits, holds promise for the cost-effective management of hypertension, but has not been evaluated in many systematic trials. The primary objective of this study was to examine blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients managed by a newly formed PharmD-PCP MTM team versus usual care in a university-based primary care clinic. Methods: This randomized, pragmatic clinical trial was conducted in hypertensive patients randomly selected for PharmD-PCP MTM or usual care. In the PharmD-PCP MTM group, pharmacists managed drug-therapy initiation and monitoring, medication adjustments, biometric assessments, laboratory tests, and patient education. In the usual-care group, patients continued to see their PCPs. Participants were aged Z18 years, were diagnosed with hypertension, had a most recent BP measurement of Z140/Z90 mm Hg (Z130/Z80 mm Hg if codiagnosed with diabetes mellitus), were on at least 1 antihypertensive medication, and were English speaking. The primary outcome was the difference in the mean change from baseline in systolic BP at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included the percentage achieving therapeutic BP goal and the mean changes from baseline in diastolic BP and lowand high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Findings: A total of 166 patients were enrolled (69 men; mean age, 67.7 years; PharmD-PCP MTM group, n ¼ 75; usual-care group, n ¼ 91). Mean reduction in SBP was significantly greater in the PharmD-PCP MTM group at 6 months (–7.1 [19.4] vs þ1.6 [21.0] mm Hg; P ¼ 0.008), but the difference was no longer statistically significant at 9 months (–5.2 [16.9] vs –1.7 [17.7] mm Hg; P ¼ 0.22), based on an intent-to-treat analysis. In the intervention group, greater percentages of patients who continued to see the MTM pharmacist versus those who returned to their PCP were at goal at 6 months (81% vs 44%) and at 9 months (70% vs 52%). No significant betweengroup differences in changes in cholesterol were detected at 6 and 9 months; however, the mean baseline values were near recommended levels. The PharmD-PCP MTM group had significantly fewer PCP visits compared with the usual-care group (1.8 [1.5] vs 4.2 [1.0]; P o 0.001).
Arginine vasopressin stimulation of cerebral microvascular endothelial cell Na-K-Cl cotransporter activity is V1 receptor and [Ca] dependent

Ischemia-induced brain edema formation is mediated by increased transport of Na and Cl across an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our previous studies have provided evidence that a luminally locat...
In situ analysis in geological thin-sections by Laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy: a cautionary note

The advent of laser Raman microprobe (LRM) instruments has permitted researchers to analyze minute (≥ 1 μm) phases in situ in their rock matrix. Geologists prefer to study such samples in polished thin-sections (in which a rock wafer is fixed with a mounting medium onto a glass slide and thinned to 30 μm thickness) or in doubly polished unmounted rock wafers (≥30 μm) like those used for microthermometry. There obviously are many advantages to doing in situ LRM analysis: direct observation of the sample grain in its textural and mineralogical context, preservation of the grain for analysis by additional techniques, and lack of physical disruption and possible modification of the grain caused by physical removal from its matrix. However, there are some problems inherent in this application of the LRM technique. This brief communication is a cautionary note about three possible artifacts that may arise during in situ LRM analysis of graphitic material and hydrocarbon fluids in polished rock sections.
Strategy Matters: The Contingent Value of Social Capital in the Survival of Local Social Movement Organizations

Social capital plays a central role in facilitating the mobilization of social movement organizations (SMOs). Do the initial mobilization advantages of social capital persist, however, as movement organizations evolve? And do the strategies pursued by social movement organizations affect these advantages? We investigate these questions through a broad empirical analysis offactors affecting the short-term persistence of local chapters of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Reasoning that multipleforms of social capital would each have a positive impact on survival, we assess the independent effect of several indicators of social capital with mixed results. Consistent with prior research, we find that access to patronage atfounding and a greater stock of weak ties in the community confer survival advantages. Yet SMOs that emergedfrom preexisting groups and those with leaders previously tied to one another through civic engagement were less likely to persist, raising a first cautionaryflag about the generality of advantages of resource co-optation and "bloc recruitment." The effect ofpreexisting, strong ties among group leaders varies by how much emphasis the group placed on victim aid activities. Those ties conferred expected survival advantages on groups that did not strongly emphasize victim aid activities. The implications of these results are discussed. Social movement organizations (SMOs) are named groups of citizens who have, more or less formally, banded together to pursue or resist social change. Despite the centrality of SMOs in theories of social movement mobilization, researchers
The Role of Learning in the Development of Expertise in Museum Docents

The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine how docents developed expertise within the context of their work with history museums. Twelve expert docents from four history-themed museums ...
Gain-tuned programmable 2nd-order filters with VCVS

Based on the characteristic polynomial decomposition of 2nd-order active filters with voltage-controlled voltage sources (VCVS), filters with gain-tuned pole frequency/bandwidth/q-factor have been selected. Design procedures ensuring low errors of parameter setting have been outlined for filters using multiplying digital/analogue convenors (MDAC) as controlling components. The minimisation of the average control error in the case of parameters tuned over a range of values is discussed. High-frequency limitationsof classes ? and B filters with VCVS due to the finite gain-bandwidth of op-amp and MDAC nonideality are also derived and compared.
Maternity-Patient Teaching—A Nursing Priority

A step-by-step process followed in developing and implementing a comprehensive maternity-patient teaching program is described, An overview of the content of the teaching program also is presented, and the importance of evaluating patient teaching is emphasized.
A multi-objective approach for the prediction of loan defaults

Credit institutions are seldom faced with problems dealing with single objectives. Often, decisions involving optimizing two or more competing goals simultaneously need to be made, and conventional optimization routines and models are incapable of handling the problems. This study applies Fuzzy dominance based Simplex Genetic Algorithm (a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm) in generating decision rules for predicting loan default in a typical credit institution.
Aquatic pollution increases use of terrestrial prey subsidies by stream fish

Summary Stream food webs are connected with their riparian zones through cross-ecosystem movements of energy and nutrients. The use and impact of terrestrial subsidies on aquatic consumers is determined in part by in situ biomass of aquatic prey. Thus, stressors such as aquatic pollutants that greatly reduce aquatic secondary production could increase the need for and reliance of stream consumers on terrestrial resource subsidies. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed stream fish, their diets and resource availability in 16 subalpine streams over a regional gradient of trace metals known to strongly impact aquatic insect communities (i.e. fish prey) in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Fish increased their reliance on terrestrial insect prey as stream metals increased. Relative biomass of terrestrial insects in stomach contents of Brook and Brown Trout increased with respect to aquatic insect biomass and total stomach contents. Drifting insect biomass showed a declining trend for aquatic, but not terrestrial insects, over the metal gradient. Trout densities were unrelated to metal concentrations in streams where we found fish. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that diets of aquatic consumers can become more terrestrial as aquatic stressors that limit in situ food production increase and that these subsidies may compensate for loss of aquatic resources. This work implies an important connection between preserving aquatic–terrestrial linkages and management of fish populations in stressed watersheds. Specifically, intact riparian zones and aquatic–terrestrial linkages are likely to be important for maintaining trout production in streams with moderate metal contamination.
A review of enhanced external counterpulsation clinical trials

A variety of clinical trials of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) have been conducted since the 1960s. The vast majority of these studies have investigated the use of EECP in patients with angina pectoris. Only one of these trials was randomized. These clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of EECP in terms of reduction in anginal episodes, increased exercise times, and improvement in health-related quality of life scores. The International EECP Patient Registry, through its phase I and II enrollment, is expanding the data set on outcomes after EECP treatment.
Assessing The Appearance Of Auditor Independence Using Behavioral Research Methodology

Recent archival studies have examined the association between auditor independence and non-audit services. The results of these studies suggest that fees for non-audit services are not associated with indicators of auditor independence in fact whereas these fees are associated with financial statement users’ perceptions of auditor independence (i.e., independence in appearance). The present study attempts to reconcile these conflicting findings by using a behavioral research methodology that provides greater control over the independent variables and measures more directly financial statement users’ perceptions. Our results indicate that fees for financial information systems development services do not affect perceptions of auditor independence, whereas, fees for tax services adversely affect perceptions of independence. Overall, the results provide mixed support for the recent Securities and Exchange Commission policy changes on auditor independence.
The Citizenship Argument for Education

As was emphasized in the previous chapters, education has both internal benefits, which are personal and received directly by the student, and external benefits, which are not received by the student but by the general public. However, most studies in the economics of education or human capital have failed to differentiate clearly the impact which the external and internal effects have on the motivation of students to learn the subject matter (that is, acquire human capital) and to maintain whatever human capital is acquired. Having failed to recognize the differential effects, arguments put forth in support of various forms of education, because of the external or public benefits, have gone largely unquestioned and unchallenged. The intent of this chapter is to investigate the “citizenship argument” for education in general with special concern for how the argument applies to the study of economics.
Coupling of Finite Elements and Boundary Elements for Transmission Problems of Elastic Waves in R3

For three-dimensional transmission problems -- describing the scattering of elastic, time-harmonic waves by different, isotropic, linear elastic bodies -- we present a combined approach with finite elements and boundary elements. The given method is based on a general variational principle which renders all boundary conditions on the interface manifold Γ to be natural and also allows inhomogeneous material for the scatterer given here by a bounded domain Ω1. Our solution procedure makes use of an integral equation method for the exterior problem and of an energy (variational) method for the interior problem and consists of coupling both methods via the transmission condition on the interface. For a given incident field in the unbounded domain Ω2, this yields a variational principle for the refracted field ul in the bounded domain \( {\Omega _1} = {\text{I}}{{\text{R}}^3}\backslash {\bar \Omega _2} \) and for the traction t2 of the scattered field u2 on the boundary Γ of Ω1. We give uniqueness, existence and regularity results for the true solution. Our approximate solution procedure consists in solving our variational principle with finite elements in Ω1 and boundary elements on Γ with the Galerkin method. We show convergence and quasioptimality of the Galerkin scheme in the corresponding energy norm.
Children's negative emotionality moderates influence of parenting styles on preschool classroom adjustment

Abstract This investigation utilized a subsample from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (N = 1101) to examine how profiles of maternal behaviors at 36-months were associated with children's classroom aggression and teacher–child relationship quality in pre-kindergarten. Based upon observed behaviors, we identified three distinct profiles of parenting categorized as sensitive, harsh, and detached. Results revealed significant main effects of the detached parenting profile on both dimensions of children's classroom functioning in pre-kindergarten. These main effects were not moderated by child sex. The main effects were moderated by child negative emotionality, suggesting a promotive effect of sensitive parenting for children with low negative emotionality. Children exposed to detached parenting had the poorest teacher–child relationships, regardless of emotionality. These findings demonstrate through use of a person-centered approach how parenting behaviors relate to contextual risks and characteristics, and to children's later relationships with teachers and classmates in pre-kindergarten.
Does practice follow principle? Applying real options principles to proxy costs in U.S. telecommunications

This paper analyzes whether current practices in estimating incremental costs for regulated telecommunications companies provide them with efficient investment incentives. In implementing the Telecommunications Act of 1996, regulators are using incremental cost studies, with some markup for shared costs, to establish prices for interconnection, reciprocal compensation, unbundled network elements, and universal service. Regulators use these incremental cost estimates, which come from proxy cost models, to set upper bounds on these prices. This is a significant change from past practices, where incremental cost studies were used for setting price floors for competitive or potentially competitive services.
Decolonization of Trauma and Memory Politics: Insights from Eastern Europe

The movement to decolonize trauma theory conceptualizes traumas as rooted in particular contexts. Scholars working within this framework caution against the monumentalism of traumas as singular events and press for the acknowledgment of traumas experienced by minorities and liminal groups. In addition, this body of literature suggests a question of fundamental significance to memory politics: How to make sure that postcolonial attempts to memorialize the traumatic histories of colonialism do not become sources of state subjugation and oppression? Using examples from Eastern Europe, this article analyzes the complexity of memory landscapes in this region and the difficulty of acknowledging traumas of “non-Western” groups on their own terms. Drawing on works by three authors from the region (Ene Koresaar, Svetlana Aleksievich and Jasmina Husanovic), this essay identifies alternative ways of thinking about the nexus of trauma and difference by addressing how complexity and vulnerability can help to transcend competing victimhoods in Eastern Europe and elsewhere.
Quality Evaluation of Beef and Pork

The meat industry is the largest food industry in the United States. There exists a need for objective, non-invasive systems for sorting meat based on quality traits to facilitate marketing. Hyperspectral imaging has a great potential to fulfill the need, as it can collect both spatial (structural) and spectral (biochemical) information on the meat surface. This section will focus on hyperspectral imaging of beef and pork.
Split-hopkinson-bar tests on rock under confining pressure

The effect of dynamic loading on the stress-strain and failure characteristics of nugget sandstone was investigated at strain rates from 102 to 103 per second and confining pressures to 30 ksi. The apparatus developed for these experiments consists of a conventional split Hopkinson bar enclosed in a pressure vessel. The apparatus permitted determination and recording of all principal stresses and strains from the onset of loading to failure. A description of the experimental techniques used in obtaining data including the method of determining stress and strain, the method of reducing data, and use of various shaped projectiles to tailor the input-stress wave are reported together with experimental results for nugget sandstone. All rocks tested exhibited an increase in strength as the loading rate increased. The dynamic stress-strain curves were similar in shape to curves from quasi-static testing of the same material.
Low Enrollment of Adolescents and Young Adults Onto Cancer Trials: Insights From the Community Clinical Oncology Program.

Purpose:Stagnant outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15 to 39 years old) with cancer are partly attributed to poor enrollment onto clinical trials. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) was developed to improve clinical trial participation in the community setting, where AYAs are most often treated. Further, many CCOP sites had pediatric and medical oncologists with collaborative potential for AYA recruitment and care. For these reasons, we hypothesized that CCOP sites enrolled proportionately more AYAs than non-CCOP sites onto Children’s Oncology Group (COG) trials.Methods:For the 10-year period 2004 through 2013, the NCI Division of Cancer Prevention database was queried to evaluate enrollments into relevant COG studies. The proportional enrollment of AYAs at CCOP and non-CCOP sites was compared and the change in AYA enrollment patterns assessed. All sites were COG member institutions.Results:Although CCOP sites enrolled a higher proportion of patien...
From Virtual Football to Fit Freshmen

This installment of Notes from the Community covers typical interest areas--augmented and virtual reality, wearable technology, drones, 3D printing, and the Internet of Things--and, in a first, the Internet of Freshmen.
Fault Analysis and Improvement Measures of 35 kV Compensation Capacitor

Shunt capacitor is the most common reactive power compensation installation in the present power grid.Harmonic enlargement and even resonance can occur due to interaction between harmonic existed in the grid and the shunt capacitor.In this paper,the fault of shunt capacitor of 35 kV substation is described in detail,the series and parallel resonance enlargement principle is analyzed.It is pointed out through site test,test analysis and comprehensive analysis of data and oscillogram that the direct reason for the fault is harmonic enlargement and the measures to suppress harmonic enlargement effect.
Clinical features of esophagitis in 236 children

Objectives To study the clinical manifestations,endoscopic features,pathologic changes in tunica mucosa,diagnosis and treatment of esophagitis in children.Methods Clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of 236 children with esophagitis were studied.Biopsy was applied in a part of these patients.Results 236(2.8%)patients were diagnosed as esophagitis from 8 500 cases examined by gastroscope.Chronic inflammation was the major pathologic change in these children with esophagitis.There were differences between ages in clinical manifestation of esophagitis:vomiting and anorexia were found in 30 infants,while 92 cases aged from 2 to 5 years presented abdominal pain besides vomiting and anorexia;nausea and abdominal pain appeared in 114 cases aged from 6 to 13 years.Conclusions The incidence of esophagitis in preschoolers and school children is significantly higher than that in infants.Other upper gastrointestinal diseases were found in all the preschoolers and school children with esophagitis,while only 5 in 30 cases of toddler(1.6%).Children with vomiting,anorexia and abdominal pain should be examined by endoscope if necessary to get proper and individual treatment.
Treatment patterns and health care resource utilization associated with dalfampridine extended release in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective claims database analysis.

BACKGROUND Although previous studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of dalfampridine extended release (D-ER) tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), there are limited real-world data on D-ER utilization and associated outcomes in patients with MS. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment patterns, budget impact, and health care resource utilization (HRU) associated with D-ER use in a real-world setting. METHODS A retrospective claims database analysis was conducted using the HealthCore Integrated Research Database(SM). Adherence (measured by medication possession ratio, or [MPR]) and persistence (measured by days between initial D-ER claim and discontinuation or end of follow-up) were evaluated over 1-year follow-up. Budget impact was calculated as cost per member per month (PMPM) over the available follow-up period. D-ER and control cohorts were propensity-score matched on baseline demographics, comorbidities, and MS-related resource utilization to compare walking-impairment-related HRU over follow-up. RESULTS Of the 2,138 MS patients identified, 1,200 were not treated with D-ER (control) and 938 were treated with D-ER. Patients were aged 51 years on average and 74% female. Approximately 82.6% of D-ER patients were adherent (MPR >80%). The estimated budget impact range of D-ER was $0.014-$0.026 PMPM. Propensity-score-matched D-ER and controls yielded 479 patients in each cohort. Postmatching comparison showed that the D-ER cohort was associated with fewer physician (21.5% vs 62.4%, P<0.0001) and other outpatient visits (22.8% vs 51.4%, P<0.0001) over the 12-month follow-up. Changes in HRU from follow-up to baseline were lower in the D-ER cohort for metrics including walking-impairment-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. CONCLUSION The majority of D-ER patients were adherent to treatment. D-ER utilization was associated with fewer walking-impairment-related physician and outpatient visits, with lower HRU increase over time. The budget impact of D-ER was low.
Advertising and the Elderly Consumer: A Review and Managerial Implications

The senior citizen market has received increased attention from advertisers. Surprisingly, very little research has been conducted on differences in cognitive reactions to advertising among different age groups. Information processing and cognitive age differences literature is reviewed along with existing work on segmentation of the elderly market. Managerial implications and directions for future research are presented.
Chlamydia trachomatis antibody titers and hysterosalpingography in predicting tubal disease in infertility patients

Objective To determine if the number of diagnostic laparoscopies done on women without tubal adhesive disease could be reduced by testing for tubal disease with Chlamydia trachomatis antibody titers and hysterosalpingography (HSG), either singly or together. Design Historical prospective chart review Setting The Colorado Kaiser Permanente Reproductive Endocrinology Clinic. Patients All 703 infertility patients who had C. trachomatis antibody titers done from March 2, 1988 to April 30, 1992. The final study group was comprised of 218 patients who had antibody titers, HSG, and laparoscopy. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure Sensitivity, negative predictive value, and false-positive rate were the test characteristics of interest. Tubal disease was identified by laparoscopy. Results For HSG testing, the sensitivity was 78% and the negative predictive value was 85%. For C. trachomatis titers, the sensitivity was also 78% and the negative predictive value was 82%. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for sensitivity and negative predictive value overlapped, indicating that there was no significant difference. However, false-negative rates were the same for the two tests, but false-positive rates were lowest for HSG and series testing. Conclusions To minimize false-positive tests and thus, to minimize unnecessary laparoscopies, HSG testing either alone or combined with the C. trachomatis antibody titer as series tests yielded a significantly lower false-positive rate. In our study group, if both tests were negative, tubal disease was identified on laparoscopy in only 5% of cases. Choice of most cost-effective test sequence will depend on who bears the cost. Further studies of cost-benefit using well-defined testing sequences are needed to determine if C. trachomatis antibody titers in series with HSG would be more cost effective than HSG alone in detecting tubal disease.
Screening the Cucumber Plant Introduction Collection for Young Fruit Resistance to Phytophthora capsici

Fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici is a major constraint in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production. In an effort to identify a source of resistance, we developed a more streamlined detached fruit method for high-throughput screening and tested the U.S. cucumber PI collection for fruit rot resistance. A total of 1076 PI collections, from 54 geographic locations around the world, along with the susceptible commercial cultivar, Vlaspik, were grown in the field and tested for resistance to P. capsici. Using the knowledge gained from our prior studies regarding greater susceptibility of young fruits compared with older fruits, very young fruits (approximate to 3 to 4 days post-pollination) were collected and inoculated with zoospore suspensions of P. capsici isolate OP97. From the screens performed in 2011 and 2012, 99% of the tested PIs were rated as moderately or highly susceptible based on symptom development and pathogen growth at 5 days post-inoculation. The cv. Vlaspik control showed consistent high susceptibility to P. capsici with a mean symptom rating of 8.0 on a 9-point scale. A set of 28 PIs was chosen for further testing in the greenhouse or field in 2013. The disease ratings of PIs rescreened in 2013 were much lower compared with that of the full collection of Pis. Three accessions, PI109483, PI178884, and PI214049, showed consistent low mean disease ratings and may be considered as possible sources of resistance to young cucumber fruit infection by P. capsici. Evaluation of the S-1 progeny of PI109483 suggests that the resistance is heritable and should allow for development of useful breeding materials that can be used for developing P. capsici-resistant cucumber cultivars.
Predictive factors impacting intent to stay teaching for associate degree adjunct clinical nurse faculty

Abstract The purpose of this quantitative correlational research study was to understand the predictive factors of intent-to-stay teaching for associate degree adjunct clinical nurse faculty. An examination of the relationship between demographic variables and job satisfaction factors with intent-to-stay teaching was explored. Adjunct clinical nurse faculty members employed during 2015 in associate degree nursing programs completed an anonymous on-line survey. Participants were surveyed utilizing the Job Satisfaction Survey , the Nurse Educators' Intent to Stay in Academe Scale, and demographic questionnaire via SurveyMonkey Web site. Frederick Herzberg's 2-factor motivator-hygiene theory (1959) was utilized as a foundation to explore the factors that impact intent-to-stay teaching. Regression analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between job satisfaction, motivator, and hygiene factors with intent-to-stay score. In addition, faculty who revealed full-time employment outside of the adjunct position were found to have lower intent-to-stay scores compared with those working part time or not at all. Enhancement of adjunct clinical faculty's' job satisfaction, motivator, and hygiene factors is necessary to retain this qualified group of educators. Improvement of intent to stay in the role can improve teaching and reduce costs at similar institutions of higher learning.
Large-eddy simulation

Introduction In large-eddy simulation (LES), the larger three-dimensional unsteady turbulent motions are directly represented, whereas the effects of the smallerscale motions are modelled. In computational expense, LES lies between Reynolds-stress models and DNS, and it is motivated by the limitations of each of these approaches. Because the large-scale unsteady motions are represented explicitly, LES can be expected to be more accurate and reliable than Reynolds-stress models for flows in which large-scale unsteadiness is significant – such as the flow over bluff bodies, which involves unsteady separation and vortex shedding. As discussed in Chapter 9, the computational cost of DNS is high, and it increases as the cube of the Reynolds number, so that DNS is inapplicable to high-Reynolds-number flows. Nearly all of the computational effort in DNS is expended on the smallest, dissipative motions (see Fig 9.4 on page 351), whereas the energy and anisotropy are contained predominantly in the larger scales of motion. In LES, the dynamics of the larger-scale motions (which are affected by the flow geometry and are not universal) are computed explicitly, the influence of the smaller scales (which have, to some extent, a universal character) being represented by simple models. Thus, compared with DNS, the vast computational cost of explicitly representing the small-scale motions is avoided.
Macrophages redirect phagocytosis by non-professional phagocytes and influence inflammation

Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor enhances the uptake of microvesicles by non-professional phagocytes, such as airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts, thereby dampening tissue inflammation. Our bodies clear billions of cells every day through the actions of both tissue-resident and recruited 'professional' phagocytes such as macrophages, and neighbouring 'non-professional' phagocytes such as epithelial cells or fibroblasts. The relative contributions of each phagocyte type to phagocytosis and tissue homeostasis in general are not well understood. Kodi Ravichandran and colleagues provide evidence for a role of macrophage-derived insulin like growth factor in enhancing the uptake of microvesicles by non-professional phagocytes, such as airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts, thereby dampening tissue inflammation. Professional phagocytes (such as macrophages1) and non-professional phagocytes2,3,4,5,6,7,8 (such as epithelial cells) clear billions of apoptotic cells and particles on a daily basis9. Although professional and non-professional macrophages reside in proximity in most tissues, whether they communicate with each other during cell clearance, and how this might affect inflammation, is not known10. Here we show that macrophages, through the release of a soluble growth factor and microvesicles, alter the type of particles engulfed by non-professional phagocytes and influence their inflammatory response. During phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or in response to inflammation-associated cytokines, macrophages released insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The binding of IGF-1 to its receptor on non-professional phagocytes redirected their phagocytosis, such that uptake of larger apoptotic cells was reduced whereas engulfment of microvesicles was increased. IGF-1 did not alter engulfment by macrophages. Macrophages also released microvesicles, whose uptake by epithelial cells was enhanced by IGF-1 and led to decreased inflammatory responses by epithelial cells. Consistent with these observations, deletion of IGF-1 receptor in airway epithelial cells led to exacerbated lung inflammation after allergen exposure. These genetic and functional studies reveal that IGF-1- and microvesicle-dependent communication between macrophages and epithelial cells can critically influence the magnitude of tissue inflammation in vivo.
Probability Learning: Changes in Behavior across Time and Development.

Individuals track probabilities, such as associations between events in their environments, but less is known about the degree to which experience-within a learning session and over development-influences people's use of incoming probabilistic information to guide behavior in real time. In two experiments, children (4-11 years) and adults searched for rewards hidden in locations with predetermined probabilities. In Experiment 1, children (n = 42) and adults (n = 32) changed strategies to maximize reward receipt over time. However, adults demonstrated greater strategy change efficiency. Making the predetermined probabilities more difficult to learn (Experiment 2) delayed effective strategy change for children (n = 39) and adults (n = 33). Taken together, these data characterize how children and adults alike react flexibly and change behavior according to incoming information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Conceptual Models and Methods

This chapter introduces and explains the conceptual models for the book, the Integrated Policy Assessment for Local/Regional Renewal Energy Development (IPALRED) and Central Place Theory (CPT). IPALRED considers the influences of the factors, (a) federal and state conditions and (b) renewable site-specific characteristics, on (c) renewable policies for local and regional political systems. The detailed components of these factors are described and several renewable site-specific characteristics for which GIS is applied are identified, such as the geographic environment, and demographic, social, and economic characteristics. GIS could not be applied to some model components because relevant spatial data were not available. The IPALRED model forms the conceptual backbone of the overall study, and is examined based on qualitative and quantitative data. The book’s exploratory research methods are described, which include descriptive statistics, GIS, and interview techniques; and the sources of data are described. The second conceptual model, Central Place Theory (Christaller, 1933; Berry and Garrison, 1958) provides the background to understand the relationship of Coachella Valley to Los Angeles in being able to support markets for renewables, as well as in understanding relative maturity stages for renewables in the Valley’s market compared to leading metropolitan markets. CPT is not tested formally in this book, with only the single Coachella Valley case, but is recommended for testing in broader, more data-intensive future studies.
Sequential Response to Multiple Developmental Network Circuits Encoded in an Intronic cis-Regulatory Module of Sea Urchin hox11/13b

Gene expression in different spatial domains is often controlled by separate cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), but regulatory states determining CRM activity are not only distinct in space, they also change continuously during developmental time. Here, we systematically analyzed the regulatory sequences controlling hox11/13b expression and identified a single CRM required throughout embryonic gut development. We show that within this CRM, distinct sets of binding sites recognizing Ets, Tcf, and homeodomain transcription factors control the dynamic spatial expression of hox11/13b in each developmental phase. Several binding sites execute multiple, sometimes contradictory, regulatory functions, depending on the temporal and spatial regulatory context. In addition, we identified a nearby second CRM operating in inter-modular AND logic with the first CRM to control hox11/13b expression in hindgut endoderm. Our results suggest a mechanism for continuous gene expression in response to changing developmental network functions that depends on sequential combinatorial regulation of individual CRMs.
Assessment of growth, leaf N concentration and chlorophyll content of sweet sorghum using canopy reflectance.

Abstract Remote estimation of leaf nitrogen (N) or pigments through hyperspectral reflectance offers an opportunity to non-destructively diagnose plant N status. Two sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) cultivars (Top 76-6 and Dale) were grown with 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha −1 in 2009 and 2010. Reflectance measurements were coupled with plant height, main-stem node number, leaf N concentration, and total chlorophyll content to establish the relationship of these traits with canopy reflectance. Canopy reflectance was most sensitive to N status in the visible region, specifically near green (595 nm) and red (701 nm) wavebands. Simple-ratio spectral models comprised of visible wavebands or wavebands from the visible and near infrared region outperformed models developed using only the most sensitive single-waveband. Based on the cross-validation of spectral models between data from two years and two cultivars, the simple-ratio models comprising the reflectance (R) ratios of 595 nm vs. 1676 nm and 595 nm vs. 508 nm predicted leaf N concentration and chlorophyll content with the greatest accuracy (highest r 2 and lowest relative error, RE). These simple-ratio models were used to develop general-purpose spectral models to derive coefficients to estimate leaf N concentration (-66.63 × R 595 /R 1676 + 34.14; r 2 0.52; RE 16.8%) and chlorophyll content (-49.12 × R 595 /R 508 + 107.47; R 2 0.64; RE 17%). The identified spectral models can be used to assess growth, diagnose sweet sorghum N status and may be useful to make N management decisions for site-specific fertilizer applications.
Comparison of 2 Lumbar Manual Therapies on Temporal Summation of Pain in Healthy Volunteers.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate change in temporal summation of heat pain (TSP) between spinal manipulation (SMT) and spinal mobilization (MOB) in healthy volunteers. Ninety-two volunteers (24 male; 23.8 ± 5.3 years) were randomized to receive SMT, MOB, or no treatment (REST) for 1 session. Primary outcomes were changes in TSP, measured at the hand and foot, immediately after the session. A planned subgroup analysis investigated effects across empirically derived TSP clusters. For the primary outcome there were no differences in the immediate change in TSP measured at the foot between SMT and MOB, however, both treatments were superior to the REST condition. In the subgroup analysis the response to a standard TSP protocol was best characterized by 3 clusters: 52% no change (n = 48, 52%); facilitatory response (n = 24, 26%), and inhibitory response (n = 20, 22%). There was a significant Time × Treatment group × Cluster interaction for TSP measured at the foot. The inhibitory cluster showed the greatest attenuation of TSP after SMT and MOB compared with REST. These data suggest lumbar manual therapies of different velocities produce a similar localized attenuation of TSP, compared with no treatment. Attenuation of localized pain facilitatory processes by manual therapies was greatest in pain-free individuals who show an inhibitory TSP response. Perspective The attenuation of pain facilitatory measures may serve an important underlying role in the therapeutic response to manual therapies. Identifying patients in pain who still have an inhibitory capacity (ie, an inhibitory response subgroup) may be useful clinically in identifying the elusive “manual therapy” responder.
A structurational group decision-making perspective on the commons dilemma: results from an online public goods game

ABSTRACTTo expand upon perspectives on the commons dilemma, we developed an online experiment grounded in David Seibold and colleagues’ structurational perspective on group decision-making. We created manipulations based on three modalities of structure: dense versus sparse networks (domination), collective versus individual identity (signification), and social sanction versus non-social sanction (legitimation). The results revealed that modalities of signification positively influence contribution rates when participants were communicated information meant to stimulate a collective identity. In contrast to our hypotheses, individuals contributed more in sparse, rather than dense network structures. For managers of public goods, our results suggest that communication that emphasizes common identity may be important for mobilizing collective action and that they should also pay special attention to communication overload.
INTERSPECIFIC COMPARISON OF HANTAVIRUS PREVALENCE IN PEROMYSCUS POPULATIONS FROM A FRAGMENTED AGRO-ECOSYSTEM IN INDIANA, USA

abstract: Comparatively little is known about hantavirus prevalence within rodent populations from the Midwestern US, where two species of native mice, the prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis), are dominant members of rodent communities. We sampled both species in central Indiana and tested individuals for presence of hantavirus antibodies to determine whether seroprevalence (percent of individuals with antibodies reactive to Sin Nombre virus antigen) differed between species, or among different habitat types within fragmented agro-ecosystems. Prevalence of hantavirus antibodies varied significantly between species, with seroprevalence in prairie deer mice (21.0%) being nearly four times higher than in white-footed mice (5.5%). Seroprevalence was almost eight times higher within the interior of row-crop fields (37.7%) occupied solely by prairie deer mouse populations, relative to field edges (5.2%) or adjacent forest habitat (...
Long-term district-scale geothermal exchange borefield monitoring with fiber optic distributed temperature sensing

Abstract Fiber optic (FO) distributed temperature sensing (DTS) was used for long-term monitoring of a 280-m by 360-m geothermal exchange borefield with 2596 boreholes to quantify the role of groundwater flow and thermophysical properties on subsurface heat transfer and storage. Most district-scale borefields are subject to a sustained imbalance in heating or cooling loads and experience yearly subsurface temperature increases that may, without corrective action, lead to diminished borefield performance and unsustainable operation. This research provides a template to advance techniques to optimize district-scale borefield performance using calibrated, long-term FO-DTS monitoring of field temperatures.
Queer and Trans Youth, Relational Subjectivity, and Uncertain Possibilities: Challenging Research in Complicated Contexts:

This article addresses complications to how different disciplines define, study, and theorize sexuality, gender, gender identity, and other intersecting categories of subjectivity, like age, race, ...
Ice Concerns for Hydraulic Engineering in Cold, Mountainous Terrain

This chapter discusses and illustrates ice concerns associated with hydraulic engineering for water conveyance systems in cold, mountainous terrain, and aims to draw attention to the potential problems that may occur when water changes from liquid to solid. Hydraulic engineering involves liquid water, and commonly comprises the design of open-water channels (or reservoirs) linked to pressurized conduits (pump-lines, penstocks, siphons, and tunnels) that pass water down, up, over, or through mountainous terrain. The topics covered herein address fundamental aspects of ice formation and behavior. An important consideration is the relationship between the freezing temperature of water and flow pressure. Flow pressure can vary substantially in closed-conduit portions of hydraulic systems. The primary engineering concern is that ice formation should not hamper the operation of the system or its component parts. Should a concern arise about the operation of the system, the concern should be mitigated by re-designing the system or its parts, and managing the system by adjusting flow rates, and by monitoring water temperature at key locations.