cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auxin Transport as Related to Leaf Abscission during Water Stress in Cotton

Plant water deficits reduced the basipetal transport of auxin in cotyledonary petiole sections taken from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedings. A pulse-labeling technique was employed to eliminate complications of uptake or exit of 14C-indoleacetic acid from the tissue. The transport capacity or the relative amount of radioactivity in a 30-minute pulse which was basipetally translocated was approximately 30% per hour in petioles excised from well watered seedlings (plant water potentials of approximately -4 to -8 bars). No cotyledonary leaf abscission took place in well watered seedlings. Plant water potentials from -8 to -12 bars reduced the transport capacity from 30 to 15% per hour, and although the leaves were wilted, cotyledonary abscission did not increase appreciably at these levels of stress. The threshold water potential sufficient to induce leaf abscission was approximately -13 bars and abscission increased with increasing stress while the auxin transport capacity of the petioles remained relatively constant (15% per hour). The basipetal transport capacity of well watered petioles tested under anaerobic conditions and acropetal transport tested under all conditions were typically less than basipetal transport under the most severe stress conditions. Cotyledonary abscission took place during and 24 hours after relief of stress with little or no abscission taking place 48 hours after relief of stress. Although the water potential returned to -4 bars within hours after rewatering the stressed plants, partial recovery of the basipetal transport capacity of the petioles was not apparent until 48 hours after rewatering, and at least 72 hours was required to return the transport capacity to near normal values. These data support the view that decreased levels of auxin reaching the abscission zone from the leaf blade influence the abscission process and further suggest that the length of time that the auxin supply is maximally reduced is more critical than the degree of reduction.
Untersuchungen der wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen der anzahl atomteilcheninduzierter elektronen aus bedeckten festkörperoberflächen

Abstract Probability distributions of secondary electrons produced by bombarding coated metal surfaces with caesium and lithium ions are reported. The empirical distributions are described mathematically using negative binomial and Poisson distributions and, in one particular case, a positive binomial distribution. Owing to the coating of the surfaces, a systematic dependence of theoretical distributions on physical parameters is not found. It is possible to describe the distribution of the specially normalized relative variances of the emperical probability distributions by means of a gamma distribution. Thus statistical predictions can be made about the parameters and shape of the empirical probability distributions that are expected in the case of electron release from coated surfaces due to bombardment with atomic particles.
Validation of yellowedge grouper, Epinephelus flavolimbatus, age using nuclear bomb-produced radiocarbon

Age validation and estimates of longevity of yellowedge grouper (Epinephelus flavolimbatus) from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are needed to inform fishery management decisions. Yellowedge grouper sagittal otoliths (n = 100) were collected, aged using conventional means, and cores were submitted for radiocarbon (14C) measurement. Radiocarbon values of yellowedge grouper otoliths were compared to established radiocarbon chronologies in the region to validate the age and ageing methodology of this species. The yellowedge grouper chronology displayed a similar sigmoidal trend as previously published chronologies. In addition to the core analysis, multiple areas on otolith sections from eight specimens were analyzed for Δ14C to validate age estimates for fish born prior to the 14C increase. Our results indicate that yellowedge grouper live longer than previously reported (minimum of 40 years based on radiocarbon measurements). The validated ageing methodology supported an estimated maximum longevity of 85 years and established that yellowedge grouper have the longest lifespan currently known for any species of grouper in the GOM. Results also indicate a depth-age interaction in that material extracted from adult otolith sections assigned to post-bomb dates exhibited lower Δ14C values than cores (juvenile material) assigned to the same post-bomb dates. This finding is likely explained by lower 14C levels reported from water masses at deeper depths (>100 m) which are inhabited by adults.
Accurate Measurement and Characterization of Organic Solar Cells

Methods to accurately measure the current–voltage characteristics of organic solar cells under standard reporting conditions are presented. Four types of organic test cells and two types of silicon reference cells (unfiltered and with a KG5 color filter) are selected to calculate spectral-mismatch factors for different test-cell/reference-cell combinations. The test devices include both polymer/fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction solar cells and small-molecule-based heterojunction solar cells. The spectral responsivities of test cells are measured as per American Society for Testing and Materials Standard E1021, and their dependence on light-bias intensity is reported. The current–voltage curves are measured under 100 mW cm–2 standard AM 1.5 G (AM: air mass) spectrum (International Electrotechnical Commission 69094-1) generated from a source set with a reference cell and corrected for spectral error.
Stereochemistry in trivalent nitrogen compounds. 40. Torsional barriers in N-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenylbenzimidazoles.

Abstract N-2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfenylbenzimidazoles exhibit substantial barriers to torsion about the sulfur-nitrogen bond ( ca 19 kcal/mole).
American experiences and the contemporary perception of terrorism

(1996). American experiences and the contemporary perception of terrorism. Small Wars & Insurgencies: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 220-242.
PATTERNS OF REACTIVITY WITH ANTI-GLYCOLIPID ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS

Antibodies against carbohydrates of three glycolipids were used to determine patterns of immunohistochemical reactivity of histologically identifiable cell subpopulations in 101 human primary brain tumors. For all tumor types fibrillary cells, polar cells, and gemistocytes (commonly seen in astrocytomas and ependymomas) stained more frequently for galactosylcerebroside with mAbO1 than small tumor cells and macrophages. Frequency of staining for sulfatide with mAbO4 was fibrillary > polar > small cells = macrophages. Gemistocytes stained more frequently with mAbO4 than polar cells in all tumors except low grade astrocytomas. These data indicate that tumors classified on histological grounds as astrocytic are often stained with antibodies that recognize oligodendrocytes and their progenitors. Thus, anti-glycolipid antibodies used in the study of developmental lineage may offer useful tools for classification of human brain tumors. Staining of fibrillary cells, polar cells, and gemistocytes for paragloboside directly with mAb F1H11 was much less common than with mAbO1, but this increased by pretreatment of the tissues with neuraminidase (F1H11 + N). Of particular note was the finding that small tumor cells frequently stained with F1H11 + N. Evidence that these were not macrophages was obtained using double immunostaining with F1H11 + N and anti-macrophage antibodies. In astrocytomas the frequency of small tumor cells immunostained with F1H11 + N was high grade > anaplastic > low grade, demonstrating a correlation of this tumor cell population with more aggressive astrocytomas. Thus, immunostaining with F1H11 + N may be of value in identifying small, anaplastic tumor cells, especially in small biopsies or tissue taken adjacent to the main tumor mass.
Solution structure of cadmium carboxylate and its implications for the synthesis of cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals

Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) was used to investigate the solution structure of cadmium carboxylate. The molecular weights of cadmium complexes highly depend on the solvent; the complexes are polymeric in toluene but break up in the presence of polar solvents or coordinating ligands.
The Microtron, a Nuclear and Electronic Research Instrument

The microtron (electron cyclotron) originated about the same time, if not earlier, than the synchrotron, but because of limitations as well as assets, its development (reviewed here) has been slow. The potentialities of the microtron in various fields of nuclear and electronic research are discussed. Some of its desirable characteristics are: (a) a fixed magnetic field microwave accelerator capable of considerable reduction in size and weight for the energies attainable (30 mev or higher), (b) field or quasi field-emission electron source with possibility of yields comparable to those of linear accelerators, (c) electron output in small bunches with precise control of timing possible, (d) orbital distribution allowing easy extraction of electron beams for special experiments or for use of microtron as an injector to other accelerators, (e) simplified equipment with easy, stable, and reliable operation, (f) the special form "race-track microtron" has further advantages for experimental work, (g) adaptation to F.F.A.G. magnet structures is a possibility still untouched, (h) modified for use with an auxillary magnetic field rising stepwise in time the "synchro-microtron" may attain high electron energies in very short times. Here the steady field structure may even be dispensed with, giving a compact microwave accelerator.
Methamphetamine Self-Administration Is Associated with Persistent Biochemical Alterations in Striatal and Cortical Dopaminergic Terminals in the Rat

Methamphetamine (meth) is an illicit psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. Repeated passive injections of the drug given in a single day or over a few days cause significant and long-term depletion of dopamine and serotonin in the mammalian brain. Because meth self-administration may better mimic some aspects of human drug-taking behaviors, we examined to what extent this pattern of drug treatment might also result in damage to monoaminergic systems in the brain. Rats were allowed to intravenously self-administer meth (yoked control rats received vehicle) 15 hours per day for 8 days before being euthanized at either 24 hours or at 7 and 14 days after cessation of drug taking. Meth self-administration by the rats was associated with a progressive escalation of daily drug intake to 14 mg/kg per day. Animals that self-administered meth exhibited dose-dependent decreases in striatal dopamine levels during the period of observation. In addition, there were significant reductions in the levels of striatal dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase proteins. There were also significant decreases in the levels of dopamine, dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase in the cortex. In contrast, meth self-administration caused only transient decreases in norepinephrine and serotonin levels in the two brain regions, with these values returning to normal at seven days after cessation of drug taking. Importantly, meth self-administration was associated with significant dose-dependent increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein in both striatum and cortex, with these changes being of greater magnitude in the striatum. These results suggest that meth self-administration by rats is associated with long-term biochemical changes that are reminiscent of those observed in post-mortem brain tissues of chronic meth abusers.
Sodiump‐[1‐(n‐nonylthio) ethyl] benzene sulfonate: A new, third generation, biodegradable surfactant

Synthesis of sodiump-[1-(n-nonylthio)ethyl] benzene sulfonate has been achieved by two distinct routes, starting with ethylbenzene, in overall yields of 26% and 27%. Preliminary tests indicate a somwhat increased detergency to that of LAS, and superior biodegradability to LAS.
Randomized Scheduler for Temporally-Correlated Channels

In a slowly time-varying fading broadcast channel, a proposed randomized scheduler achieves multi-user diversity gain while reducing the amount of feedback. The scheduler requests feedback of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) from a random subset of users in conjunction with the previously scheduled user, and then selects the user with the largest SNR. With temporal correlation, this scheduler achieves near optimal sum-rate even with feedback from a small subset of users, which considerably reduces the amount of feedback.
Herbicidal activity of glucosinolate degradation products in fermented meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba ) seed meal.

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) is an oilseed crop grown in western Oregon. After extraction of the oil from the seeds, the remaining seed meal contains 2−4% of the glucosinolate glucolimnanthin. This study investigated the effect of fermentation of seed meal on its chemical composition and the effect of the altered composition on downy brome (Bromus tectorum) coleoptile emergence. Incubation of enzyme-inactive seed meal with enzyme-active seeds (1% by weight) resulted in complete degradation of glucolimnanthin and formation of 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate in 28% yield. Fermentation in the presence of an aqueous solution of FeSO4 (10 mM) resulted in the formation of 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile and 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanethioamide, a novel natural product. The formation of the isothiocyanate, the nitrile, and the thioamide, as a total, correlated with an increase of herbicidal potency of the seed meal (r2 = 0.96). The results of this study open new possibilities for the refinement of glucosinolate-contain...
How extended hotel brands affect the Lodging Portfolio

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extended hotel brands on its lodging brand portfolio. The research framework examines the effects of perceived quality and brand effects on attitudes toward extended brands, and subsequently on attitudes toward a lodging portfolio. Results showed that perceived quality, brand class and brand reputation were important in consumer evaluation of brand attitude toward extended brands. In addition, fit and familiarity seemed to be important variables of consumers’ attitude formation that moderates the attitude transferability between a brand portfolio and its extended brands. This article shows that hotel companies need to clearly understand how consumers perceive extended brands and its effects on a lodging portfolio for an effective brand portfolio management. The principle contribution of this article is that it provides the importance of holistic management strategy and its competitive advantages in brand portfolio management in the lodging industry.
Partial melting in a thermo-chemical boundary layer at the base of the mantle

Abstract Seismological detections of complex structures in the lowermost mantle boundary layer (the D″ region) motivate a conceptual model of a compositionally stratified thermo-chemical boundary layer (TCBL) within which lateral temperature variations (sustained by large-scale mid-mantle flow) cause variations of partial melt fraction. Partial melt fractions of from 0 to 30% in the TCBL occur due to the eutectic of the boundary layer material lying below the high temperature at the core–mantle boundary (CMB), coupled with the presence of steep thermal gradients across the boundary layer. Regions of the TCBL with the highest temperatures have extensive partial melting, producing lateral chemical variations and strong effects on seismic velocities and boundary layer dynamics. This TCBL concept provides a relatively simple framework that can plausibly account for diverse seismological observations such as: predominance of large-scale volumetric elastic wave velocity heterogeneity in the boundary layer, laterally extensive, but intermittent abrupt shear and compressional velocity increases and decreases at the top of the D″ region, small-scale topography of D″ velocity discontinuities, thin ultra-low velocity zones at the CMB, widespread shear wave anisotropy in D″, bulk sound velocity anomalies detected in low shear velocity regions of D″, and large-scale upwellings from the most extensively melted regions of the boundary layer. Neutral or negative buoyancy of the partial melt in the TCBL is required, along with an increase in bulk modulus and some density increase of the boundary layer material relative to the overlying mantle. More complex models, in which the partially melted chemical boundary layer is laterally displaced by mid-mantle downwellings are also viable, but these appear to require additional special circumstances, such as a phase change, efficient segregation of slab crustal material, or abrupt onset of anisotropy, in order to account for rapid velocity increases at the top of D″. The precise nature of the compositional anomaly, or anomalies, in D″ and the eutectic composition of this zone are yet to be determined, but it appears likely that partial melting within the lowermost mantle plays a paramount role in the observed seismic velocity heterogeneity. Increased resolution geodynamic calculations of dense boundary layer structures with partial melting (and attendant viscosity reductions and chemical heterogeneity) are needed to quantify this TCBL concept.
ADMET: Metathesis polycondensation

Although it is well known that Acyclic Diene METathesis (ADMET) describes an olefin metathesis polymerization mode that relies on double-bond substituent interchange of a diolefin, the story behind its discovery is not. The story is divulged here. Olefin metathesis has a rich history dating to the 1950s, but the one particular metathesis mode mentioned, ADMET, has more recent historical roots. ADMET polymerization is easy to do and highlighted here are the particular reaction details for success. Additionally, the most recent advances from the past 5 years are detailed, exemplifying this reaction's wide utility from fundamental structure-property studies to multiple advanced applications.
Segregated assemblies in bridged electron-rich and electron-poor pi-conjugated moieties.

We report a general strategy for the spontaneous segregation of electron-rich and electron-poor π-conjugated moieties using mutually phobic aliphatic fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon interactions.
Optical properties and electronic structure of single crystals of LuAl 2 and YbAl 2

The optical conductivities of single crystals of LuAl{sub 2} and YbAl{sub 2} were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range of 1.4-5.5 eV for LuAl{sub 2} and 1.4-5.2 eV for YbAl{sub 2}. The optical conductivity spectra of LuAl{sub 2} and YbAl{sub 2} show similar features except for a difference in magnitude. Both have peaks near 1.8-2.1 eV and broad shoulders between 3.0 and 4.0 eV. The shoulder is weaker in YbAl{sub 2}. The band structure, density of states, and optical conductivity were calculated with the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic sphere approximation. The calculated optical conductivity with the inclusion of energy-dependent broadening agrees well with the experimental data. Oxidation effects on the surface of the sample were modeled using a three-phase model. The calculated optical conductivity of the clean surface is enhanced over that of the oxidized surface. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Bugbears or legitimate threats?: (social) scientists' criticisms of machine learning?

Social scientists increasingly criticize the use of machine learning techniques to understand human behavior. Criticisms include: (1) They are atheoretical and hence of limited scientific value; (2) They do not address causality and are hence of limited policy value; and (3) They are uninterpretable and hence of limited generalizability value (outside contexts very narrowly similar to the training dataset). These criticisms, I argue, miss the enormous opportunity offered by ML techniques to fundamentally improve the practice of empirical social science. Yet each criticism does contain a grain of truth and overcoming them will require innovations to existing methodologies. Some of these innovations are being developed today and some are yet to be tackled. I will in this talk sketch (1) what these innovations look like or should look like; (2) why they are needed; and (3) the technical challenges they raise. I will illustrate my points using a set of applications that range from financial markets to social policy problems to computational models of basic psychological processes. This talk describes joint work with Jon Kleinberg and individual projects with Himabindu Lakkaraju, Jure Leskovec, Jens Ludwig, Anuj Shah, Chenhao Tan, Mike Yeomans and Tom Zimmerman.
New constraints on turbulent transport in accretion discs

Microphysical viscosity is too small to produce observed proto-planetary accretion disc lifetimes. Turbulent transport, in which turbulent motion takes the place of thermal motion, can provide the correct order-of-magnitude accretion rates for reasonable surface densities, though the source of such turbulence remains a matter of discussion. Here, we consider, independent of the source of turbulence, the minimal properties that turbulent motion must possess in order to adequately transport both angular momentum and mass in accretion discs. We find that the resulting angular momentum transport coefficient depends on the turbulent time scale and angular distribution, not only on the product of the turbulent length and velocity scales. More importantly, we also find that the required energy conversion efficiency is prohibitive if angular momentum transport results purely from fluid turbulence supplied by accretion energy and therefore that turbulent fluid motion mediated accretion must be powered by an outside source. Even in the case that the accretion mechanism is not a turbulent viscosity, as can be the case for a Magneto-Rotational Instability (MRI) disc, numerical simulations suggest that energy conservation is a significant constraint even on accretion driving processes such as the MRI.
Technological Expansion: the Interaction Between Diversification Strategy and Organizational Capability

This study analyses technological expansion by examining the interaction between firms' diversification strategy and internal capabilities. We argue that when new technologies emerge, firms that were actively pursuing diversification do not have equal intention to adopt the technologies. For firms that possess internal capabilities similar or relevant to the new technologies, their diversification strategy facilitates technological expansion, otherwise diversification strategy negatively affects technological adoption. This study improves our understanding on technological expansion. Existing studies try to identify organizational characteristics that facilitate or impede firm entry into new technological fields. This research reveals that the same organizational characteristic (e.g. diversification strategy) can exhibit different effects on technological adoption. It facilitates technological expansion if firms' existing capabilities can be applied to new technologies, otherwise it impedes new technological adoption.
Pulse Flashover of Solid Dielectrics in Vacuum

In an effort to understand the mechanisms which lead to changes in the surface flashover potential of insulators used in high power spark gaps a systematic study of the flashover potential of various organic insulators was undertaken. The flashover potential of these insulators was measured both before and after they had been exposed to the by-products of an arc from a surface discharge ignitor plug. These insulators were analyzed using Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to determine what, if any, structural changes occurred on the surface of the insulator as a result of the flashover events and/or irradiation. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was also used to investigate the tracks formed on the insulators as the result of a surface flashover.
Experimental Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis: Optimal Methylprednisolone Requirements for Prevention of Mortality Not Preventable by Antibiotics Alone

AbstractOutbed ICR mice were inoculated ip with one LD90-100Escherichia coli 0:18, Proteus mirabilis, or Klebsiella pneumoniae. After carefully timed intervals, aminoglycoside antibiotics were begun at dosages and intervals predetermined to constitute optimal therapy. With progressive delay of antibiotic therapy, mortality rates increased progressively from 0 to 90-100%. Standardized models of infection were obtained by selecting delay periods before initiating antibiotic therapy such that 50 to 70% mortality rates resulted. In these models, 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP) given prior to or concomitantly with the delayed antibiotic therapy and repeated 4 hr later was previously shown capable of preventing gram-negative septic mortality not preventable by the optimal antibiotic therapy alone. The present studies quantitate the optimal quantities of MP required for such protection. It was found that (1) in the absence of aminoglycoside antibiotics, MP consistently failed to reduce mortality; (2) in the ant...
Ketorolac as a rapid and effective treatment of migraine headache : evaluations by patients

The objective of this study was to determine the speed and efficiency of ketorolac in reducing the symptoms of migraine headache. Twenty-three patients who presented in the emergency department during the period between April and July 1992 with a previous diagnosis of migraine headache were considered for the study. Patients subjectively evaluated parameters of their migraine headaches (eg, pain and nausea) with a numerical scale and were asked to re-evaluate these same parameters at 30, 60, and 360 minutes after a single injection of Ketorolac. Seventeen (74%) patients reported a decrease in headache symptoms that was significant (P < .005) after 1 hour. Relief lasted at least 6 hours after injection.
Developmental biology of gut-probiotic interaction

While our current knowledge of probiotic interaction in the developing gut remains poorly understood, emerging science is providing greater biological insight into their mechanism of action and therapeutic potential for human disease. Given their beneficial effects, probiotics remain promising agents in neonatal gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics may restore or supply essential bacterial strains needed for gut maturation and homeostasis, particularly in hosts where this process has been disrupted. Here we highlight the unique characteristics of developing intestinal epithelia with a focus on gut development and colonization as well as the inflammatory propensity of immature epithelia. Additionally, we review potential mechanisms of beneficial probiotic interaction with immature intestinal epithelia including immunomodulation, upregulation of cytoprotective genes, prevention and regulation of apoptosis and maintenance of barrier function. Improved knowledge of gut-probiotic interaction in developing epithelia will allow for a better understanding of how probiotics exert their beneficial effects and help guide their therapeutic use.
Role of oxygen-containing compounds in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen

1. It has been shown that alcohols cannot be considered to be intermediate compounds in the synthesis of hydrocarbons. 2. It has been shown that iron catalysts of the synthesis of hydrocarbons are capable under the conditions of the synthesis reaction of accelerating the reactions of oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes. 3. Hypotheses regarding the possible mechanism of formation of the various oxgen-containing-by-products of the reaction of synthesis of hydrocarbons are advanced.
Control of phosphofructokinase from the phasic adductor muscle of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians concentricus

Abstract 1. 1. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) purified from the adductor muscle of Argopecten irradians concentricus showed sigmoidal saturation kinetics with respect to F-6-P in the physiological range of pH from 6.8 to 7.2. The saturation curve with respect to ATP showed typical substrate inhibition. 2. 2. Decreases in pH resulted in lower binding capacity of PFK for F-6-P as well as stronger inhibition by ATP. 3. 3. Both AMP and F-2,6-P activated adductor muscle PFK by shifting the F-6-P saturation curve from sigmoidal to hyperbolic. The presence of AMP also relieved the inhibitory effect of ATP. 4. 4. Phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose-1,6-P and inorganic phosphate were inhibitory to adductor muscle PFK. Arginine phosphate had no effect on the activity of PFK.
Combined psychotherapies: searching for an order of operations in a disordered world.

Abstract Recent studies of psychotherapy demonstrate that therapists of different orientations–psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and dialectical behavioral–provide beneficial treatment. Despite the stated adherence of clinicans to one orientation or another, review of session transcripts reveals a substantial overlap in the techniques utilized. Nonspecific or patient factors are the chief determinants of how therapy is conducted in practice. Nevertheless, the psychodynamic orientation offers the most comprehensive approach to therapy because it considers unconscious factors, including transference, enactments, and aspects of the patient's personal relationships. The psychodynamic formulation indicates the basis for determing how psychotherapy might best be conducted for the specific patient.
The Utility of an Involvement and Talent Development Framework in Defining Charter School Success: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the utility of an involvement and talent development framework in assessing the success of charter schools and their students. Focus group interviews were conducted with parent/guardians and teachers in four charter schools in Ohio. Teachers and parents mentioned the involvement of students, teachers, and parents and the growth in students’cognitive and affective talents as important indicators of school and student success. The study concludes that new approaches to the assessment of charter schools and their students need to reflect insiders’ perceptions of the importance of measuring involvement and talent development.
Establishing And Refining Hurricane Response Systems For Long-Term Care Facilities

ABSTRACT: In February 2006 the John A. Hartford Foundation funded a long-term care “Hurricane Summit,” sponsored by the Florida Health Care Association. Representatives from five Gulf Coast states ...
Pseudo-stable and Pseudo-unstable Fiber Bundles for Dynamic Equations on Measure Chains

Invariant fiber bundles are the generalization of invariant manifolds from classical discrete or continuous dynamical systems to non-autonomous dynamic equations on measure chains. In this paper, we present a self-contained proof of their existence and smoothness. Our main result generalizes the so-called "Hadamard-Perron-Theorem" for hyperbolic finite-dimensional diffeomorphisms to pseudo-hyperbolic time-dependent non-regressive dynamic equations in Banach spaces. The proof of their smoothness uses a fixed point theorem of Vanderbauwhede-Van Gils.
The role of the surface hydroxyl groups in catalytic cracking

Abstract The use of a partially fluorinated porous glass catalyst for the cracking of cumene is described. It is shown that the surface of such a porous glass is highly acidic but contains no sites having “Lewis acid” characteristics. Some recent work on silica-alumina cracking catalysts is discussed and the use of fluorinated porous glass to investigate catalytic cracking on “pure” Bronsted sites is proposed.
Localization of changes in beta-actin expression in remodeled canine myocardium.

Beta-actin is a cytoskeletal protein that has been implicated as a potentially important mediator of the growth, signaling, migration, and remodeling of cells. Beta-actin is upregulated in remodeling myocardium in response to either pressure or volume overload. The cellular localization of this response has, however, not been determined and is a necessary first step to begin to clarify the role of beta-actin in myocardial remodeling. Here we demonstrate that beta -actin protein was confined primarily to the cardiac interstitium using immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, both staining and immunoblotting showed markedly increased beta-actin protein in myocardium within 24 h of either regional left ventricular damage or chronic volume overload. More importantly, this increase persisted up to 90 days in both models. Double staining showed co-localization of beta-actin protein and von Willebrand factor, a specific endothelial cell marker. These results suggest that increased beta-actin expression predominantly localized in cardiac interstitial cells, including endothelial cells. The increased beta-actin could be due to either proliferation of the interstitial cells or upregulation of the beta-actin gene.
Thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen‐hydrocarbon mixtures

By use of the Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation of state an attempt has been made to correlate experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data on hydrogen-methane-propane mixtures in the temperature range from 0° to −250°F. and pressure range from 500 to 1,500 lb./sq. in. abs. Considerable improvement in hydrogen K values has been obtained by adjusting the coefficient ν in the BWR equation for hydrogen. In the final adjustment it was necessary to specify a new value of ν for hydrogen at each temperature. The root-mean-square deviation of calculated from observed K values for hydrogen is 6.6% As a further check the recommended BWR coefficients for hydrogen have been used to calculate the low-temperature hydrogen K values in mixtures with ethane and ethylene with good results. The predicted K values for propane at temperatures below −150°F. have not been altered and are still in error by as much as 2 orders of magnitude.
Mesoscopic approach to correlate surface heat transfer coefficients with pressure fluctuations in dense gas-solid fluidized beds

Abstract A dimensionless frequency number, N f (ƒd p 2 /α c ) , is proposed to understand better and predict the bed-to-surface heat transfer coefficients in dense gas-solid fluidized beds. A total of 756 sets of pressure signals were acquired simultaneously with the measurement of local, time-averaged bed-to-surface heat transfer coefficients. The experimental matrix included 3 different locations for the pressure probes, 13 different powders, (with dsv in the range 20 μm–1789 μm), 3 powders at least, in each of Geldart A, B and D categories, two different distributor plates, and a wide range of fluidization velocities (up to 2.4 m/s). Fast Fourier Transforms were utilized to analyze and interpret the pressure signals. First principle models that retain picture of Mickley and Fairbank's [H.S. Mickley, L.R. Fairbanks, AIChEJ. 3 (1995) 374] packet theory were scaled into mesosopic correlations. The experimental data were compared with the mesoscopic correlations derived from first principles models.
High p T : Energy Loss Physics at PHENIX

Abstract High transverse momentum measurements are sensitive to the passages of fast partons through the hot and dense medium created during the collisions and can be used to investigate the physical processes resulting in energy loss as well as other properties of the medium. In these proceedings, we review a selection of recent measurements made at high p T with the PHENIX detector and discuss the implications on energy loss mechanisms on fast partons in the collisions of large nuclei.
Digital readout of feedback control temperature for use in local current field hyperthermia.

From clinical and biological experience it is oftentimes necessary to administer hyperthermia with a minimum number of temperature monitoring tumor probes. For this reason a digital readout device has been developed to monitor the feedback temperature of a hyperthermia generator. In this way the thermometry used to monitor tumor core temperature during biological or clinical hyperthermia can be minimized. The unit and its capabilities are described.
Factorization and Sudakov Resummation in B→γ l ν

We apply Soft-Collinear Effective Theory to prove at leading power in ΛQCD/m b a factorization formula for the radiative leptonic decay B→γ lν. Large logarithms entering the hard-scattering kernel are systematically resummed by a two-step perturbative matching procedure. PACS: PACS-keydiscribing text of that key – PACS-keydiscribing text of that key
A novel pacing method to suppress repolarization alternans in vivo: Implications for arrhythmia prevention

Background Repolarization alternans (RA), a pattern of ventricular repolarization that repeats on an every other beat basis, has been closely linked with the substrate associated with ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. Objective To evaluate a novel method to suppress RA. Methods We have developed a novel method to dynamically (on R-wave detection) trigger pacing pulses during the absolute refractory period. We have tested the ability of this method to control RA in a structurally normal swine heart in vivo. Results RA induced by triggered pacing can be measured from both intracardiac and body surface leads and the amplitude of R-wave triggered pacing-induced alternans can be locally modulated by varying the amplitude and width of the pacing pulse. We have estimated that to induce a 1 μV change in alternans voltage on the body surface, coronary sinus, and left ventricle leads, a triggered pacing pulse delivered in the right ventricle of 0.04±0.02, 0.05±0.025, and 0.06±0.033 μC, respectively, is required. Similarly, to induce a 1 unit change in K score (ratio of alternans peak to noise), a pacing stimulus of 0.93±0.73, 0.32±0.29, and 0.33±0.37 μC, respectively, is required. We have been able to demonstrate that RA can be suppressed by R-wave triggered pacing from a site that is within or across ventricles. Lastly, we have demonstrated that the proposed method can be used to suppress spontaneously occurring alternans in the diseased heart. Conclusion We have developed a novel method to suppress RA in vivo.
On stress-relaxing solids: Part III. Simple harmonic deformation

The viscoelasticity of a number of polymer solutions was studied by subjecting the solutions to simple harmonic displacements in a pipe. Both water-based and organic-based solutions were used. Results were analyzed in terms of a modification of the operator equation of linear viscoelasticity. A three-constant model used earlier was found to correlate most of the data. Further experiments to verify the model are suggested.
Procaine actions on tetrodotoxin sensitive and insensitive leech neurons

Abstract Procaine (0.1–10 mM) was applied to two kinds of identified neurons in segmental leech ganglia. Both Retzius (R) cells and nociceptive (N) cells responded by dose-dependent reduction of maximum rates of de- and repolarization during action potentials. However, the N cells, which are more sensitive to tetrodotoxin than R cells, were also 3 times more sensitive to procaine. The prolongation of action potentials produced by procaine in R cells was enhanced by low Ca but antagonized by high Ca. This implies that the drug interfered with depolarization by affecting a Ca-dependent mechanism. In alkaline solution (pH 8.5), sensitivity of the R cell to procaine appraached that of the N cell at pH 7.4 suggesting that the drug acted at an intracellular site after passage through membrane lipids in its uncharged form. The combined effects of TTX and procaine, in concentrations which produced about 50% inhibition of dV/dTdep in N cells when given separately, were found to be intermediate between those predicted by two models which assume identical and independent sites of action, respectively. These data extend our earlier observations regarding the existence of two types of Na channels in mature leech neurons. They imply that the differential sensitivity to procaine among these cells may be a consequence of variable access to an otherwise identical ‘receptor’ and that TTX and procaine act on separate sites which may interact with each other.
Non‐normal path analysis in the presence of measurement error and missing data: a Bayesian analysis of nursing homes' structure and outcomes

Path analytic models are useful tools in quantitative nursing research. They allow researchers to hypothesize causal inferential paths and test the significance of these paths both directly and indirectly through a mediating variable. A standard statistical method in the path analysis literature is to treat the variables as having a normal distribution and to estimate paths using several least squares regression equations. The parameters corresponding to the direct paths have point and interval estimates based on normal distribution theory. Indirect paths are a product of the direct path from the independent variable to the mediating variable and the direct path of the mediating variable to the dependent variable. However, in the case of non-normal distributions, the point and interval estimates of the indirect path become much more difficult to estimate. We address the issue of calculating indirect point and interval estimates in the case of non-normally distributed data. Our substantive application is a nursing home research problem in which the variables in the path analysis of interest involve variables with normal, Bernoulli, or Poisson distributions. Additionally, one of the Poisson variables is observed with error. This paper addresses estimating point and interval estimation of indirect paths for variables with non-normal distributions in the presence of missing data and measurement error. We handle these difficulties from a fully Bayesian point of view. We present our substantive path analysis motivated from a nursing home structure, process, and outcomes model. Our results focus on the impact job turnover in the nursing homes has on nursing home outcomes.
The contribution of MD–PhD training to academic orthopaedic faculties

Abstract Little is known about the distribution of research-trained physicians across the various specialties. To document the extent to which MD–PhD programs are a source of research-trained faculty for orthopaedic departments, this study examined the specialty choices of graduates of the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) from 1964 to 1994. The MSTP, a combined MD–PhD program supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, (NIGMS), produces roughly 25% of all MD–PhDs in the US. Methods . Copies of the appendices from training grant applications containing information on MSTP graduates were obtained from the NIGMS. Also, a questionnaire was mailed to 116 university-affiliated orthopaedic surgery departments asking how many faculty were MD's, PhDs or MD–PhDs. Results . Records were obtained for all MST programs. Information on postdoctoral training and/or a current position was reported for 1615 graduates who earned both MD and PhD. Of these graduates, 277 chose non-clinical paths. The other 1338 entered a residency or internship. Of these, 593 were still in residency training, 566 were academic faculty members and 130 were in private practice. In the records, 12 (0.9%) were listed as orthopaedic surgical residents (6) or faculty (6). At this time, all 12 have completed training, and 11 are in academic practice. Eighty-three departments replied to the questionnaire. In that sample of 1761 faculty positions, 1478 were MDs, 217 were PhDs and 36 (2.0%) were MD–PhDs. Conclusion . Despite robust support of MD–PhD programs, the number of dual degree recipients on orthopaedic faculties is small when compared to the relative size of the specialty. Other sources of research-trained staff should perhaps be developed.
Relationships Between Cytosolic [ATP], [ATP]/[ADP] and Ionic Fluxes in the Perfused Rat Heart: A 31P, 23Na and 87Rb NMR Study

In order to assess the relationship between cytosolic [ATP] or [ATP]/[ADP] and the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), we have used the phosphate trap 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) to alter the high energy phosphate levels in rat cardiomyocytes. Pyruvate-perfused rat hearts were treated with 2 mM DG in the presence of 10IU/l of insulin for 28 min, followed by perfusion with DG without insulin for 60 min. The DG + insulin treatment resulted in dramatic changes in the 31P NMR spectra: phosphocreatine (PCr) and total ATP decreased (to 15 and 35%, respectively) and deoxyglucose-6-phosphate accumulated, with little change in either inorganic phosphate or intracellular pH. These changes corresponded to a decrease in cytoplasmic [ATP] (from 7.6 to 1.8 mM), [ATP]/[ADP] (from 494 to 24) and ATP affinity [A(ATP), by 8.9 kJ/mol] and an increase in [ADP] (five-fold) and free [Mg2+] (two-fold). Subsequent perfusion with DG--insulin resulted in slow recovery of PCr, [ATP]/[ADP] and A(ATP) such that the "low energy" state lasted an additional 16 min during which ATP remained low and constant. There were no detectable changes in the intracellular Na+ content as assessed by shift reagent-aided 23Na NMR at the end of DG + insulin treatment (98 +/- 18%, 28-36 min of the protocol). In addition, there was no change in the Rb+ influx rate as measured by 87Rb NMR at the beginning of insulin washout which was achieved by replacing 20% of the KCl with RbCl ([K+] = 3.76 mM, [Rb+] = 0.94 mM). During DG + insulin treatment the pressure-rate product (PRP) decreased by half and was restored upon insulin washout to 80% of its initial value both in the presence and in the absence of the shift reagent [5 mM Dy (triethylenetetraminehexaacetate)3-]. These data imply that unfavorable thermodynamic [low A(ATP)] and kinetic (low [ATP] and [ATP]/[ADP]) conditions induced by DG treatment do not inhibit Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. We speculate that during anoxia when changes in [ATP]/[ADP] are comparable to those induced by DG treatment, the observed increase in [Na+]i is not due to inhibition of the Na+ pump by reduced [ATP] or [ATP]/[ADP].
Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Some Iron Porphyrins

THE Mossbauer parameters of various iron porphyrin complexes have been investigated as model systems for haem proteins1,2. Topics which require further consideration are the effect of porphyrin structure, basicity and esterification on the Mossbauer spectra. It has been shown that the basicity towards protons of meso and diacetyl deuterohaemins differs by a factor of one hundred whereas their isomer shifts (δ0) and quadrupole splittings (ΔE) were insensitive to this change2. We have studied the water soluble N-methyl substituted meso tetrapyridyl porphine (unpublished results of Fleischer and Hambright), which seems to be the most acidic porphyrin known. The (pK3+pK4) of this compound is the same as the unmethylated derivative3, whereas pK2=12.9. No other porphyrin has a measurable pK2 in aqueous solution. Table 1 shows that the isomer shift of this structurally different haemin compound and protohaemin chloride are almost identical This indicates4 in both a 5 per cent 4s electron contribution to the d5 configuration of Fe(III), and that regardless of structure or basicity, the metal–ligand bonding in these high spin square pyramid chelates is primarily ionic. It is also noted that low spin octahedral hemichromes have approximately the same sigma electron density1 at the iron nucleus (δ0≅ 0.041 cm/sec) as the high spin haemin chlorides, whereas ΔE of the low spin derivatives is, as expected, larger (ΔE≅0.21 cm/sec) than that of the high spin compounds. This unexplained similarity is novel in that typical inorganic low spin complexes have more sigma density than high spin varieties4, presumably because of their increased pi bonding capacities. Thus the similarity in δ0 values might indicate a limited role for pi bonding in low spin ferric porphyrin systems.