cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between ionic liquid cation and water: infrared predissociation study of [bmim]+·(H2O)n clusters

The infrared predissociation spectra of [bmim]+·(H2O)n, n = 1–8, in the 2800–3800 cm−1 region are presented and analyzed with the help of electronic structure calculations. The results show that the water molecules solvate [bmim]+ by predominately interacting with the imidazolium C2–H moiety for the small n = 1 and 2 clusters. This is characterized by a redshifted and relatively intense C2–H stretch. For n ≥ 4 clusters, hydrogen-bond interactions between the water molecules drive the formation of ring isomers which interact on top of the imidazolium ring without any direct interaction with the C2–H. The water arrangement in [bmim]+·(H2O)n is similar to the low energy isomers of neutral water clusters up to the n = 6 cluster. This is not the case for the n = 8 cluster, which has the imidazolium ring disrupting the otherwise preferred cubic water structure. The evolution of the solvation network around [bmim]+ illustrates the competing [bmim]+–water and water–water interactions.
Teacher-child relationships and friendships and peer victimization across the school year

Abstract Using data from 1700 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade students followed longitudinally across the school year, we tested the extent to which time-specific, within-person shifts in peer victimization and children's overall victimization trajectories were predicted by the quality of their relationships with their teacher and their friendship status. We found that both teacher-child relationships and friendships were uniquely associated with children's levels of victimization over time, but the magnitude (and direction) of the effects varied depending on whether within- or between-person differences in victimization were considered. Children who evinced more positive teacher-child relationships (on average) reported lower levels of victimization. This relation did not vary over time. Similarly, children with a greater number of friends tended to be victimized less–again, irrespective of time. In contrast, within-person increases in teacher-child relationship quality in early fall were associated with contemporaneous increases in victimization. No within-person effects of friendship were evident.
Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Sulfonium Compounds

Several sulfonium compounds are found in Nature. The most biologically versatile is S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet). Much of this chapter is concerned with AdoMet, but includes a discussion of other sulfonium compounds. Some of the more interesting chemical properties of sulfonium compounds are discussed as well as how these properties are exploited in biochemical reactions. Finally, the chemistry of sulfonium compounds is discussed in relation to the biosynthesis of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). In this brief review references and topics are necessarily selective.
Introduction: Contemporary approaches to alternative ovarian stimulation strategies for in vitro fertilization

In the current practice of IVF, the vast majority of cycles use some form of controlled ovarian stimulation before egg retrieval to increase the number of embryos available for transfer or cryopreservation. However, the optimal stimulation regimen has not been established. This month's Views and Reviews presents five different approaches to alternative ovarian stimulation strategies. These include mild stimulation regimens, modified natural cycles, stimulation with oral agents, in vitro maturation (in the absence of stimulation), and finally, a proposal for patient-tailored ovarian stimulation. As the treatment of infertility becomes more personalized, it is likely that standard, heavy-handed stimulation protocols will give way to simpler strategies, specifically tailored to each patient's individual characteristics and needs.
Should Health Care Organizations Use Information Gleaned from Organization-Sponsored Patient Support Groups in Strategic Planning?

The risks of misinformation being spread through online patient forums can be mitigated by communication strategies aimed at physicians and organizations.
Standard Ablation Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Ablation in the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia.

Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment strategy for ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). The role of substrate-guided ablation, performed using electrogram characteristics (low amplitude, fractionated or isolated potentials) as scar surrogates, is expanding because of frequent hemodynamic instability during entrainment mapping of scar-related VT. Late gadolinium-enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) can accurately characterize the transmural extent, location, and configuration of ventricular scar.1 Integration of LGE-MRI into electroanatomical mapping during VT ablation was shown, in preliminary studies, to be feasible and to provide accurate localization of VT substrate and reentry circuits.2–4 However, studies to date examining the impact of MRI scar integration on procedural outcomes have lacked control groups, precluding any comparisons with standard practice. We performed a study to (1) demonstrate the feasibility in clinical practice of integrating MRI-derived scar for guidance of VT ablation; (2) report on the periprocedural performance of LGE-MRI in identifying the arrhythmogenic substrate; and (3) examine the impact of MRI-guided ablation on procedural length and acute and long-term outcomes. In this prospective multicenter study, we enrolled 24 consecutive patients with ischemic (n=9) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (n=15), referred for catheter ablation of scar-related monomorphic VT. Patients were assigned, at the discretion of the treating physician (not randomized), to undergo either MRI-derived scar–guided ablation or traditional ablation. Clinical characteristics of patients in both groups were statistically comparable with a higher tendency to use scar integration for patients with prior …
Appraisal and Acquisition Strategies. Michael Shallcross and Christopher J. Prom (Eds.), modules by Geof Huth, Megan Barnard and Gabriela Redwine, and Erin Faulder

This volume is a continuation of the Trends in Archives Practices series that the Society of American Archivists (SAA) began publishing in 2013 to augment the earlier Archival Fundamentals Series I...
Anti-diffusion in continuous opinion dynamics

Abstract Considerable effort using techniques developed in statistical physics has been aimed at numerical simulations of agent-based opinion models and analysis of their results. Such work has elucidated how various rules for interacting agents can give rise to steady state behaviors in the agent populations that vary between consensus and fragmentation. At the macroscopic population level, analysis has been limited due to the lack of an analytically tractable governing macro-equation for the continuous population state. We use the integro-differential equation that governs opinion dynamics for the continuous probability distribution function of agent opinions to develop a novel nonlinear partial differential equation for the evolution of opinion distributions. The highly nonlinear equation allows for the generation of a system of approximations. We consider three initial population distributions and determine their small-time behavior. Our analysis reveals how the generation of clusters results from the interplay of diffusion and anti-diffusion and how initial instabilities arise in different regions of the population distribution.
First bone-cracking dog coprolites provide new insight into bone consumption in Borophagus and their unique ecological niche.

Living hyenas are infamous for crushing the bones of their prey to extract the nutritious marrow inside. This feeding ability is rare today, and African and Asian hyenas, particularly the spotted hyena, are the only true ‘bone-crackers’ in our modern ecosystems. Yet, between 16 to 2 million years ago, the common, but now extinct North American dogs also crushed bone. Their skeletal features – such as highly robust skulls and jaws, teeth to withstand high stress, and large muscle-attachment areas for a powerful bite –share many similarities with the spotted hyena. It is therefore likely that these extinct North American dogs played a similar role in the ecosystem as living hyenas do now. The last of these bone-cracking dogs, Borophagus, vanished approximately 2 million years ago. In a recent study in 2018, researchers discovered fossilized feces, also known as coprolites, which presumably belong to Borophagus parvus that lived in central California between 5 to 6 million years. These coprolites preserve ingested bone and so provide more evidence of what this species of dogs ate. Now, Wang et al. – including some of the researchers involved in the previous study – analyzed the fossil coprolites and their ingredients in great detail using computer tomography, measurements and comparisons with living predators and their prey. The results show that Borophagus parvus weighed around 24 kg and hunted large prey of 35 kg up to 100 kg: the size of a living mule deer. Its skull structure was similar to the spotted hyena, but its digestive system resembled that of striped and brown hyenas. Spotted hyenas have chalk white feces containing digested bone matter, presumably due to a highly acidic digestive system, but the coprolites of Borophagus contained undissolved bones (which they ate regularly). Wang et al. also discovered that these dogs dropped feces in clusters, which is how the spotted hyena and wolves mark territory. This suggests that Borophagus were also social animals. Bone-crackers (modern and extinct) act as apex predators and providers of free organic material needed for decomposition, which are essential roles for maintaining a healthy ecosystem. The extinction of Borophagus likely modified the dynamics of the food web over the past few million years. It remains unclear why this way of feeding is absent in all living animals of North America. Future studies could investigate how the disappearance of Borophagus may have influenced the establishment of modern environments, eventually setting the scene for human habitation of the continent.
Making Neighborhood-Disadvantage Metrics Accessible - The Neighborhood Atlas.

Making Neighborhood-Disadvantage Metrics Accessible Better understanding of variations in neighborhood disadvantage could lead to improved insight into the sociobiologic mechanisms that underlie health disparities, which could, in turn, facilitate the development of improved therapeutics and interventions.
Responses Of An Articulated Tower In Waves And Currents

The responses of an articulated loading platform (ALP) in random waves and currents are investigated both in frequency and time domain. The firstand second-order wave diffraction-radiation is solved by the ring source boundary integral equation method, and the viscous drag forces are computed from the modified Morison equation using relative velocity squared. In the frequency-domain analysis, the nonlinear drag is stochastically linearized and the resulting equation is solved iteratively. In the time-domain analysis, the nonlinear equation including the quadratic drag term and a convolution integral is directly integrated using a Newmark-beta method. From our numerical examples, it is shown that the slowly varying resonant responses in random waves are significant compared to wave-frequency responses when there is no current or when the current is normal to the wave direction, while they are greatly reduced when there exists strong in-line (coplanar or adverse) current. However, the presence of strong in-line current significantly increases the mean pitch angle.
CT pulmonary angiography in the detection of pulmonary emboli: a meta-analysis of sensitivities and specificities.

Objective: To determine the overall sensitivity and specificity for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli (PE) using a meta-analysis of the published literature. Materials and Methods: A Medline search was constructed to include all English language publications indexed in the Index Medicus from 1990 to 2000, which included the terms CT, PE and pulmonary angiography. Studies selected were designed principally to compare CTPA in the overall detection of PE as confirmed by an abnormal fluoroscopic pulmonary angiogram or a high probability V:Q scan. Results were corrected for the patient sample size in the respective studies prior to pooling the data. In the absence of an accepted technique for calculating a ROC curve in the meta-analysis of imaging studies, a previously untested theoretical technique was used to obtain a composite ROC curve. Results: Twelve studies of CTPA comprising a total of 1250 patients were analyzed. The overall sensitivity and specificity for CTPA after correction for study size was 74.1% and 89.5% with a range of 57–100% and 68–100%, respectively, for the detection of PE. No trend was detected with respect to the year of publication or sample size. Conclusions: CTPA has acceptable sensitivity and specificity with a strong ROC curve making it a good first line investigation for PE.
Ideology, Power, and State Formation in the Valley of Oaxaca

Archaeological research in the Valley of Oaxaca has shown that the Late/Terminal Formative period (500 B.C.-A.D. 200) was a time of dramatic social change, perhaps culminating in the formation of the first state polity in the Americas (Blanton 1978; Blanton et al. 1982; Flannery and Marcus 1983a; Kowalewski et al. 1989; Winter 1989). This period began about 500 B.C. with the founding of the political center of Monte Alban located on a previously unoccupied ridgetop, 300–400 m above the valley floor where the three arms of the Valley of Oaxaca intersect (Figure 1). The size, architectural complexity, and political importance of the site increased rapidly through the Late/Terminal Formative (Acosta 1965:814–824; Blanton 1978:33–56; Flannery 1983a). While there has been debate on the precise timing of the emergence of a state polity at Monte Alban (e.g., Flannery and Marcus 1983a; Sanders and Nichols 1988), there can be no doubt that the Late/Terminal Formative was a tumultuous period marked by the emergence of many of the features that have traditionaly been used to define the state (Blanton 1978:33–56; Blanton et al. 1982:37–84; Flannery and Marcus 1983a; Kowalewski et al. 1989:85–200; Spencer 1982:12–31).
Intramammary Delivery of Hormones, Growth Factors, and Cytokines

Direct delivery of hormones, growth factors, and cytokines to the mammary gland aids in assessing local versus systemically mediated effects. One of the three effective procedures utilizes cholesterol-based pellets inserted directly into the fat pad.
Motivation in Schizophrenics and Normals

The integration of schizophrenics into the community presupposes the presence of a level of motivation on the part of the discharged patients that enables them to fulfill societal demands and/or their personal needs.
The Arctic Waters

The classic study of the Nordic Seas (Fig. 1) is that of Helland-Hansen and Nansen (1909). They discussed their topic so thoroughly that an essentially correct, comprehensive discussion of the hydrography of the region could still be based largely upon their work. One reason for their success was that they were among the first to achieve in their determinations of hydrographic properties a degree of accuracy and precision nearly up to today’s standards. Also, their understanding of the circulation was considerably strengthened by their use of the geostrophic method. In fact, it was Sandstrom and Helland-Hansen (1903) who published the original paper describing the method, and the 1909 study was the first to apply it. Finally, the region is nicely scaled, both in its geography and in its range of hydrographic properties. Thus it was possible for Helland-Hansen and Nansen to do justice to the region with the methods at their disposal. However, they lacked sufficient winter data to study the formation of the dense water masses characteristic of the region; thus they did not fully appreciate the uniqueness and importance of these water masses.
Promoting academic integrity through a stand-alone course in the learning management system

This case study describes the process faculty at a large research university undertook to build a stand-alone online academic integrity course for first-year and transfer students. Because academic integrity is decentralized at the institution, building a more systematic program had to come from the bottom-up (faculty developed) rather than from the top down (institutionally mandated). Using the learning management system, faculty and e-learning designers collaborated to build the course. Incorporating nuanced scenarios for six different types of misconduct (consistent with the University’s Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities & Conduct), a pre- and post-test, and assessments for each scenario, the course provides experience in recognizing and avoiding academic misconduct. As a stand-alone course, the faculty who created it maintain control over content and are able to analyze student performance across the institution. In the ten months since its launch, the course has been eagerly adopted by faculty (n = 1853 students have completed the course) and post-test scores indicate students are learning from the course. After the successful launch of the student course, the next step, already underway, is the launch of learning modules for faculty and teaching assistants.
Classification of topological trivial matter with non-trivial defects

Abstract In this paper, we apply the K-theory to classify topological trivial fermionic phases which, nonetheless, host symmetry-protected non-trivial defects. An important implication of our work is that the existence of Majorana zero mode in the vortex core is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the superconductor in question being topologically non-trivial.
Pharmacist Comfort and Awareness of HIV and HCV Point-of-Care Testing in Community Settings.

Objective. To address the public health concern of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, various intrapersonal and organizational factors were identified to e...
An online randomised controlled trial of mental contrasting with implementation intentions as a smoking behaviour change intervention

Objective: We assessed the effectiveness of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII), an established self-regulatory strategy, as a brief online smoking behaviour change interventio...
TEACHING PSYCHIATRY RESIDENTS TO RECOGNIZE AND RESPOND TO ELDER ABUSE THROUGH A STANDARDIZED PATIENT ENCOUNTER

Introduction It is estimated that 10% of older adults in the United States experience elder abuse. There are several types of elder abuse, including physical abuse, financial abuse, and neglect. One form of neglect, self-neglect, accounts for over 40% of elder abuse cases reported to Adult Protective Services. Studies on elder abuse have highlighted the need to train physicians in the detection and reporting of abuse in the older adult population. Methods We piloted an elder abuse training with PGY-3 and PGY-4 general psychiatry residents at Baylor College of Medicine. The residents were emailed two PowerPoint presentations; the first was an introduction to elder abuse and the second focused on capacity assessment of financial decision-making in older adults. One week after receiving the training materials, the residents participated in a standardized patient (SP) encounter. The case featured a 75-year-old individual presenting with signs of self-neglect, including weight loss and poor medication adherence. The older adult was accompanied by a neighbor who was present during the encounter. The residents were paired, with one playing the role of a psychiatrist and the other playing the role of a social worker. The residents completed a knowledge assessment prior to the encounter and a post-encounter evaluation. Results 18 resident physicians participated in the encounter. On average, participants agreed or strongly agreed that identifying and reporting elder abuse were important aspects of their roles as psychiatrists, but were less confident in their abilities to recognize the signs of elder abuse based on physical examination and psychological presentation. In the post-encounter survey, 72% of participants felt that the SP encounter enhanced their ability to detect and report elder abuse. There was a significant improvement in self-reported comfort with performing these skills after completing the encounter (p = 0.01). Conclusions SP encounters can effectively teach the detection of elder abuse and increase learners’ confidence in their skills. Using feedback from this pilot study, future SP scenarios can be expanded to other groups of medical learners, including medical students. This research was funded by: This work was funded by the Norton Rose Fulbright Educational Grant Fund of the Academy of Distinguished Educators at Baylor College of Medicine.
Active defense mechanisms of thorny catfish

Abstract The thorny catfish (Doradidae; order Siluriforme), has characteristic barbed pectoral fin spines and mid-lateral scutes that work in concert to provide an active mechanical defense mechanism. The pectoral spines can be locked into several fixed positions at angles between 0° and 90° to the longitudinal axis. Upon deployment they provide a formidable barrier to deglutition by a predator. Additionally, each spine contains two rows of sharp serrations which are inclined to its axis and can slice through tissue. We characterize the internal structure of the rotation joint of the pectoral spines and unravel the locking mechanism which is ensured by dual sources of friction generated from the dorsal and anterior components on the spine base. In addition to the lockable spines, thorny catfish also possess two arrays of mid-lateral dermal scutes with a sharp hook shape and gradient inner structure, which also have potential cutting capability and are part of the fish’s active defense, since they can injure the predator through rapid motions of the catfish body. The structural design of these two weapons is very impressive, including a hollow structure, porous components, and gradient transitions, leading to outstanding performance by maintaining strength, toughness and light weight synergistically. These designs may provide inspiration for the development of novel structural materials or new armor materials.
Marital Quality, Loneliness, and Depressive Symptoms Later in Life: The Moderating Role of Own and Spousal Functional Limitations.

Loneliness is a mechanism through which marital quality relates to older adults’ mental health. Links between marital quality, loneliness, and depressive symptoms, however, are often examined indep...
A signal detection theoretic demonstration of hiring rate asymmetries in competitive academic job markets

Abstract To get a faculty job, graduating doctoral students have to substantially outperform their peers, given the competitive nature of the academic job market. In an ideal, meritocratic world, factors such as prestige of degree-granting university ought not to play a substantial role. However, it has recently been reported that top-ranked universities produced about 2–6 times more faculty than did universities that were ranked lower (Clauset, Arbesman, and Larremore 2015), necessitating un-meritocratic factors: how could students from top-ranked universities be six times more productive than their peers from lower-ranked universities? Here we present a signal detection model to demonstrate that substantially higher rates of faculty production need not require substantially (and unrealistically) higher levels of student productivity. Instead, it is a high hiring threshold due to keen competition that causes small difference in average student productivity between universities to result in manifold differences in placement rates. Under this framework, the previously reported results are compatible with a purely meritocratic system. As a simple proof of concept, we examined the association between university ranking and the impact factors of students publications from a small selected sample of psychology departments in the U.S. The results are in agreement with our theoretical model. Whereas these results do not necessarily mean that the actual faculty hiring market is purely meritocratic, they highlight the difficulty in empirically demonstrating that it is not so.
Requirements for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for scientific data collection in the Laurentian Great Lakes: A questionnaire survey

Abstract Using mobile environmental monitoring can aid in gathering ecological data to meet fish community goals in the Great Lakes. One such approach is the use of large Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) to gather data, or the potential use of AUV swarms, where multiple small AUVs work together with each having different data-gathering capabilities. To understand data needs that could be collected by mobile sensor networks to inform decision making, we surveyed Great Lakes professionals involved directly and indirectly in such decision making. Basic data that respondents chose as most important to collect were water temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, turbidity, and blue-green “algae”, which seems to align with variables affecting fish directly or indirectly (through identification of harmful algal blooms). Specialized data chosen as most important were mapping of habitat characteristics, sonar of groupings of fish, and images/video. The time of year to collect all data was chosen as all seasons by the majority of respondents, the frequency most chosen was once a season for mapping of habitat characteristics, once a week for sonar detection of groupings of fish, and once per day for images/video and water temperature. Results were very similar when respondents were asked where data should be collected in the Great Lakes (i.e., tributaries, nearshore areas, etc.) except respondents indicated that images/video should be collected most in fish spawning habitats. Understanding data important to inform decisions of resource professionals will help guide the design of mobile and stationary sensor networks in the Great Lakes.
Swagger Like Us: Black Millennials’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Influence of 1980s and 1990s Urban Fashion Brands:

In New York City in the late 1970s, the Black community created hip-hop, a significant cultural phenomenon, which has since spread around the world. Our research is centered on the revolutionary hi...
Supreme Court Shifts Supremacy Doctrine – Preempting State Sustainability?

The Supreme Court recently applied the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution to sustainable energy technology. Three recent decisions of the Supreme Court, as well as subsequent decisions of the federal circuit courts and a federal adjudicatory commission, reconfigured the constitutional doctrine preempting state regulation of sustainable power. Through these three decisions, the Court reduced Chevron deference afforded to regulatory agencies, a venerated legal doctrine.
Differential responses to taxanes and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in ATM- versus BRCA2-mutated metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients (pts).

5040Background: PARPi have shown promise in mCRPC pts with mutations in DNA repair, but ATM- and BRCA2-altered pts may respond differently to PARPi. We hypothesized that differences may also exist ...
New Sources of Eastern Filbert Blight Resistance and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers on Linkage Group 6 in Hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.)

Commercial production of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Oregon's Willamette Valley is threatened by eastern filbert blight (EFB), a serious canker disease caused by the pyrenomycete Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller. The fungus also prevents the establishment of hazelnut orchards in eastern North America. Genetic resistance is considered the most effective way to control the disease. A high level of EFB resistance was first discovered in 'Gasaway'. This resistance is conferred by a dominant allele at a single locus on linkage group 6 (LG6). Resistance from several additional sources has been assigned to the same chromosomal region. In this study, new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for the resistance region on LG6 and new sources of resistance were investigated. Forty-two new SSR markers were developed from four contigs in the genome sequence of 'Jefferson' hazelnut, characterized, and nine of them were placed on LG6 of the genetic map. Accessions representing 12 new sources of EFB resistance were crossed with susceptible selections resulting in 18 seedling populations. Segregation ratios in the seedling populations fit the expected 1:1 ratio for 10 sources, while one source showed an excess of resistant seedlings and another showed an excess of susceptible seedlings. Based on correlation of disease response and scores of SSR markers in the 'Gasaway' resistance region in the seedlings, eight resistance sources were assigned to LG6. Linkage maps were constructed for each progeny using SSR markers. The LG6 resistance sources include two selections (#23 and #26) from the Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Mechanization near Moscow, four selections from southern Russia, one selection (OSU 1185.126) from Crimea, one selection (OSU 533.129) from Michigan, Corylus heterophylla 'Ogyoo' from the South Korea, and the interspecific hybrid 'Estrella #1'. These new LG6 resistance sources and SSR markers should be useful in breeding new cultivars, including the pyramiding of resistance genes. For the other four resistance sources (Moscow #37, hybrid selection OSU 401.014, C. americana 'Winkler' and C. americana OSU 366.060), SSR marker scores on linkage groups 6, 7 and 2 were not correlated with disease response and merit further investigation.
SIRT4 is an early regulator of branched-chain amino acid catabolism that promotes adipogenesis

Upon nutrient stimulation, pre-adipocytes undergo differentiation to transform into mature adipocytes capable of storing nutrients as fat. We profiled cellular metabolite consumption to identify early metabolic drivers of adipocyte differentiation. We find that adipocyte differentiation raises the uptake and consumption of numerous amino acids. In particular, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism precedes and promotes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a key regulator of adipogenesis. In early adipogenesis, the mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT4 elevates BCAA catabolism through the activation of methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (MCCC). MCCC supports leucine oxidation by catalyzing the carboxylation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA to 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA. Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) expression is decreased in adipose tissue of numerous diabetic mouse models, and its expression is most correlated with BCAA enzymes, suggesting a potential role for SIRT4 in adipose pathology through the alteration of BCAA metabolism. In summary, this work provides a temporal analysis of adipocyte differentiation and uncovers early metabolic events that stimulate transcriptional reprogramming.
Riding Stress Wave: Underwater Communications Through Pipeline Networks

The majority of research works on underwater communications have been struggling against the water medium for a long time. Either acoustic, electromagnetic, or optical waves suffer from specific propagation defects in the water. Briefly, acoustic waves suffer from long propagation delay and frequency-selective fading. Electromagnetic waves are susceptible to the significant attenuation in the conductive seawater. Strong absorption and severe Rayleigh scattering make wireless optical communication vulnerable. Therefore, a reliable, long-range (up to kilometer), and high data-rate (up to megabits per second) wireless communication is still unavailable in the underwater environments so far. Fortunately, in the past few decades, massive offshore pipeline networks have been deployed for oil and gas transportation. These pipelines provide a new medium for realizing underwater communications, in which the acoustic wave propagates in the pipe wall (also known as stress wave). This stress wave assisted communication scheme overcomes some drawbacks within the aforementioned modalities. So, in this article, we propose a brand new underwater communication paradigm, namely underwater stress wave communications, which utilizes stress wave and offshore pipeline networks for underwater data transmission. Fundamentally different from the conventional underwater communication schemes, stress wave signals propagate through the solid pipe instead of water. Therefore, underwater stress wave communications exhibit several unique and promising features, including 1) lower latency and higher bandwidth compared with acoustic communications; 2) longer communication range than electromagnetic and optical communications; and 3) nearly deterministic and constant channel conditions. To fully utilize these promising features to establish reliable, secure, and high-data-rate communication links along offshore pipelines, this article investigates the stress wave channel characteristics including path loss, available bandwidth, and channel response. Furthermore, we demonstrated a stress wave communication along a steel pipe both in the air and water, and experiment results indicated the feasibility of stress-wave-based communications.
Case 33-2021: A 68-Year-Old Man with Painful Mouth Ulcers.

A Man with Painful Mouth Ulcers A 68-year-old man was admitted with painful mouth ulcers and weight loss of 6 weeks’ duration. The ulcers had worsened despite treatment with acyclovir, prednisone, ...
Dispersion and Flushing of Pollutants in Estuaries

The fate of a pollutant introduced into an estuary depends upon the relative density of the effluent and the receiving water, the vertical density structure of the estuary, the strength of the tidal currents, the nontidal circulation pattern, and the intensity of turbulent diffusion. Effluents having lower density than the receiving waters, and discharged from an outfall on the bottom, ascend to the surface as a buoyant plume, entraining diluting water en route. Tidal currents advect the polluted volume as an oscillating plume, and turbulent diffusion leads to further dilution of the pollutant. Numerical solutions to time dependent theoretical advection-diffusion equations can be used to depict the probable distribution of a pollutant in a tidal segment of the estuary centered on the outfall. Exchange of pollutant between tidal segments in the estuary and the ultimate flushing of the pollutant from the estuary are best treated using a two-dimensional segmented mathematical model of the estuary.
Top down system design using VHDL [FFT system]

The design of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) system is demonstrated. The theory and algorithm of a FFT are introduced. An initial behavior model of the FFT is described in VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language). A behavior architecture, a full pipeline architecture, and a single FPU architecture are compared. These architectures have different characteristics that are revealed in the VHDL simulation. Control path hardware required to implement the butterfly using a single FPU is discussed. The design of the sequence generator is considered in VHDL. The advantages of top down design methodology using VHDL are discussed. >
Evaluation Indices and Scope

In this paper I propose a theory of scope that is less structure driven than the traditional approach. The traditional view of scope is structural in the sense that the relative scope of two expressions is taken to be determined by their relative position at some level where hierarchical relations are encoded. More precisely, in this view, e 1 is in the scope of e 2 iff e 2 commands e 1 at the appropriate structural level. I take the term command in its generic sense here, meaning ‘higher than’ and leave the details of how to define its domain unspecified for now. Common to all varieties of command is that it is defined at the sentence level.
The "open book" technique for preparation of the lumbar transverse process for posterolateral fusion

A new technique is reported for preparation of the recipient graft bed for posterolateral intertransverse process fusion of the lumbar spine. The dorsal surface of each transverse process is reflected open like the pages of a book. This increases the surface area of cancellous bone in the recipient bed, thereby promoting better contact with the grafted bone. This maneuver also preserves much of the periosteal blood supply to the dorsal aspect of the transverse process and much of the cortical bone that would normally be drilled away during decortication. The technical details are described.
Laboratory Detection of a Bent-Chain Carbene Isomer of C6H2

The rotational spectrum of a bent singlet isomer of the C6H2 carbene, a carbon chain that has been observed in the laboratory and in space, was detected in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The three rotational constants and the leading centrifugal distortion constants were determined to high accuracy, allowing the entire rotational spectrum of this molecule below 120 GHz to be calculated to a fraction of 1 km s-1 in equivalent radio velocity. The spectroscopic constants agree well with those recently calculated from high-level ab initio methods by Sattelmeyer & Stanton. Although bent C6H2 is calculated to lie 54 kcal mol-1 above the ground-state isomer triacetylene, it is comparable in polarity and stability to the previously observed cumulene carbene with a linear carbon backbone. Rotational lines of bent C6H2 can be detected in the laboratory with a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 20 in 1 minute of integration, implying that several six-membered ring isomers of C6H2 lying about 40 kcal mol-1 above ground may also be found in the laboratory and in space.
Tables of thermonuclear-reaction-rate data for neutron-induced reactions on heavy nuclei

Abstract The results of statistical model calculations of (n,γ), (n,p), and (n,α) cross sections and reaction-rate factors are presented in tabular form for over 500 target nuclei in the range 36 ≤ Z ≤ 83 (krypton to bismuth). Included in these tables is information on (i) the reaction cross section as a function of energy for the exoergic channel in the range 0.01 ≤ E(MeV) ≤ 3.0; (ii) the thermally averaged reaction-rate factor, NA〈σv〉 and the nuclear partition function G(T) for temperatures in the range 108 ≤ T(oK) ≤ 3 × 109; (iii) analytic fits to the reaction-rate factors and partition functions as functions of temperature; and (iv) nuclear level-density parameters and formulas for their extrapolation. Two types of reaction-rate factors have been computed. One, which may be called the “laboratory rate factor,” is based on the assumption that the target nuclei occupy only their ground states. The other, which shall be termed the “stellar rate factor,” is based on the more realistic assumption that the target nuclei occupy a thermal distribution of excited states at temperature T. A brief discussion of theory and instructions for usage of the tables are included. New fitting forms for statistical-model thermonuclear reaction rates are presented and justified.
Infrared regularization of quantum gravity

Abstract Infrared regularization of Feynman amplitudes in perturbative quantum gravity is discussed. Two familiar strategies, momentum cutoff and massification, are critically reviewed. Both methods rely on cancellations (in cross sections) between infrared divergences in individual Feynman diagrams on the one hand, and the contributions of soft gravitons on the other. Cutoffs at the low end of momentum integration have been widely accepted in the context of quantum gravity, though long abandoned in QED; this method is highly ambiguous. The paper is therefore mostly concerned with the alternative strategy of introducing a regulating graviton mass. Difficulties of several kinds arise. Conflicts with the experimental tests of general relativity have been known for a long time, but this is not an absolute deterrent since the experimental uncertainties are considerable. More serious are internal inconsistencies that are reported here, we believe, for the first time. We insist that the massified theory must be internally consistent and find that this modest requirement leads to conflict with the equivalence principle. Earlier work has shown that all mass singularities can be eliminated from the free theory by a change of variables (in the mass theory); the massless limit necessarily involves five degrees of freedom and massless linearized gravity is accompanied by a vector field and a scalar field, so that it has five degrees of freedom. The calculations have been completed to first order in the Newtonian coupling constant only, but this is enough to get us into a difficulty with the equivalence principle, and this in turn suggests that the theory is inconsistent in the next higher order. There are strong indications that additional fields are needed, most likely an antisymmetric tensor field that could be identified with the antisymmetric part of the vierbein.
A trust-and-risk aware RBAC framework: tackling insider threat

Insider Attacks are one of the most dangerous threats organizations face today. An insider attack occurs when a person authorized to perform certain actions in an organization decides to abuse the trust, and harm the organization. These attacks may negatively impact the reputation of the organization, its productivity, and may produce losses in revenue and clients. Avoiding insider attacks is a daunting task. While it is necessary to provide privileges to employees so they can perform their jobs efficiently, providing too many privileges may backfire when users accidentally or intentionally abuse their privileges. Hence, finding a middle ground, where the necessary privileges are provided and malicious usage are avoided, is necessary. In this paper, we propose a framework that extends the role-based access control (RBAC) model by incorporating a risk assessment process, and the trust the system has on its users. Our framework adapts to suspicious changes in users' behavior by removing privileges when users' trust falls below a certain threshold. This threshold is computed based on a risk assessment process that includes the risk due to inference of unauthorized information. We use a Coloured-Petri net to detect inferences. We also redefine the existing role activation problem, and propose an algorithm that reduces the risk exposure. We present experimental evaluation to validate our work.
Information Processing In The Separated Hemispheres Of Callosotomy Patients: Does The Analytic-Holistic Dichotomy Hold?

The characterization of the left and right cerebral hemispheres as analytic and holistic, respectively, was evaluated with callosotomy patients. This distinction was operationalized by reference to the work of Garner, Kemler Nelson, and their colleagues on separable (analytic) and integral (holistic) dimensions of cognition. In one experiment, patients were asked to make similarity judgments when faced with triads of stimuli such that one pair matched on a criterial attribute (analytic) and another pair showed a family resemblance (holistic). The right hemisphere showed a stronger bias to judge on the basis of the criterial attribute. In a second experiment, each hemisphere was engaged separately in a concept formation task. Depending on the exemplars in a particular set, analytic or holistic processing was seen in either hemisphere. However, the left hemisphere was more likely to engage in analytic processing. The results suggest that both hemispheres are capable of either type of processing and may use either mode, depending on the nature of the task and stimulus material. Thus, the analytic/holistic distinction may not provide a simple, generalizable description of information processing differences between the two hemispheres.
A novel opto-electro-mechanical photon sensor

We present theoretical and experimental results for a novel photon detector based on a strong optoelectro-mechanical effect. In this new architecture, photo-generated carriers are compresses under a suspended nano-injector to produce significant electrostatic pressure. The pressure results in a reduced gap between the nano-injector and the semiconductor, which in turn increases the tunnel based electron injection dramatically. Our experimental results show very good sensitivity at 1.55 μm at room temperature. We also show that Casimir force has a considerable effect on the device performance, due to the small gap between nano-injector and semiconductor.
A deep cavitand with a fluorescent wall functions as an ion sensor.

The synthesis and characterization of a deep cavitand bearing a fluorescent benzoquinoxaline wall is reported. Noncovalent host–guest recognition events are exploited to sense small charged molecules including acetylcholine. The cavitand also exhibits an anion dependent change in fluorescence that is used to differentiate halide ions in solution.
Growing High School Reform: Planting the Seeds of Systemic Change

System change becomes possible when individuals with different roles—students, teachers, school administrators, and policymakers—interact around a shared concern for student learning. A study of systemic change in five Vermont high schools suggests that change must grow from seeds already planted in different high schools, fed by a constant flow of human energy interacting across all levels of school organization.
LITERACY TRENDS AND ISSUES TODAY: AN ON-GOING STUDY

This is an on-going, annual study chronicling which topics in literacy education are “hot” (receiving current and positive attention) and which are “not hot” (receiving less or negative attention), according to a survey of literacy leaders. Details about how the survey was constructed and administered are included, as well as some information about the literacy leaders surveyed. This article addresses the results of the fifth year of the survey and compares them to those of the previous years. The literacy topics receiving the most attention are discussed, as are those receiving the least attention. Possible reasons for this attention (or lack of it) are described. The article concludes that literacy research and practice have shifted dramatically and that people other than the leaders in reading are setting the literacy agenda.
The Transfer of University Software for Industry Use

Computer-aided engineering software is generated in abundance in educational institutions. As a major source of design automation software, universities have a lot to offer: a progressive research environment; a seemingly inexhaustible supply of software engineers in the form of undergraduates, graduate engineers, and professors; and a no-risk, multi-disciplinary design lab for experimentation. For these reasons, university software is being widely sought for use in production/commercial environments. This paper examines the interface between industry and the universities during the transfer of design automation software. A printed circuit board router, a graphics subroutine library, and a circuit simulation program are used to illustrate issues arising from the technology transfer. Guidelines to increase the likelihood of success in such transfers of software are provided.